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Cao S, Jiang J, Yin H, Wang L, Lu Q. Abnormal energy metabolism in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112149. [PMID: 38692019 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe autoimmune disease with significant socioeconomic impact worldwide. Orderly energy metabolism is essential for normal immune function, and disordered energy metabolism is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of SLE. Disorders of energy metabolism are characterized by increased reactive oxygen species, ATP deficiency, and abnormal metabolic pathways. Oxygen and mitochondria are critical for the production of ATP, and both mitochondrial dysfunction and hypoxia affect the energy production processes. In addition, several signaling pathways, including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway also play important regulatory roles in energy metabolism. Furthermore, drugs with clear clinical effects on SLE, such as sirolimus, metformin, and tacrolimus, have been proven to improve the disordered energy metabolism of immune cells, suggesting the potential of targeting energy metabolism for the treatment of SLE. Moreover, several metabolic modulators under investigation are expected to have potential therapeutic effects in SLE. This review aimed to gain insights into the role and mechanism of abnormal energy metabolism in the pathogenesis of SLE, and summarizes the progression of metabolic modulator in the treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Cao
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiao Jiang
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Haoyuan Yin
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Lai Wang
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
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2
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Xu H, Yong L, Gao X, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang F, Hou X. CaMK4: Structure, physiological functions, and therapeutic potential. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 224:116204. [PMID: 38615920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMK4) is a versatile serine/threonine kinase involved in various cellular functions. It regulates T-cell differentiation, podocyte function, tumor cell proliferation/apoptosis, β cell mass, and insulin sensitivity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are complex and remain incompletely understood. The aims of this review are to highlight the latest advances in the regulatory mechanisms of CaMK4 underlying T-cell imbalance and parenchymal cell mass in multiple diseases. The structural motifs and activation of CaMK4, as well as the potential role of CaMK4 as a novel therapeutic target are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Liang Yong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, PR China
| | - Xianxian Gao
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Yandong Chen
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao, Shandong 266033, PR China
| | - Xin Hou
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China.
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3
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Rosetti F, Madera-Salcedo IK, Crispín JC. Relevance of acquired T cell molecular defects in the immunopathogenesis of SLE. Clin Immunol 2024; 263:110225. [PMID: 38642784 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases are thought to develop in genetically predisposed individuals when triggered by environmental factors. This paradigm does not fully explain disease development, as it fails to consider the delay between birth and disease expression. In this review, we discuss observations described in T cells from patients with SLE that are not related to hereditary factors and have therefore been considered secondary to the disease process itself. Here, we contextualize some of those observations and argue that they may represent a pathogenic layer between genetic factors and disease development. Acquired changes in T cell phenotype and function in the setting of SLE may affect the immune system, creating a predisposition towards a more inflammatory and pathogenic system that amplifies autoimmunity and facilitates disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Rosetti
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Iris K Madera-Salcedo
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - José C Crispín
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico.
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4
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Akyüz B, Sohel MMH, Konca Y, Arslan K, Gürbulak K, Abay M, Kaliber M, White SN, Cinar MU. Effects of Low and High Maternal Protein Intake on Fetal Skeletal Muscle miRNAome in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1594. [PMID: 38891641 PMCID: PMC11171157 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Prenatal maternal feeding plays an important role in fetal development and has the potential to induce long-lasting epigenetic modifications. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding, single-stranded RNAs that serve as one epigenetic mechanism. Though miRNAs have crucial roles in fetal programming, growth, and development, there is limited data regarding the maternal diet and miRNA expression in sheep. Therefore, we analyzed high and low maternal dietary protein for miRNA expression in fetal longissimus dorsi. Pregnant ewes were fed an isoenergetic high-protein (HP, 160-270 g/day), low-protein (LP, 73-112 g/day), or standard-protein diet (SP, 119-198 g/day) during pregnancy. miRNA expression profiles were evaluated using the Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA 4.0 Array. Twelve up-regulated, differentially expressed miRNAs (DE miRNAs) were identified which are targeting 65 genes. The oar-3957-5p miRNA was highly up-regulated in the LP and SP compared to the HP. Previous transcriptome analysis identified that integrin and non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase genes targeted by miRNAs were detected in the current experiment. A total of 28 GO terms and 10 pathway-based gene sets were significantly (padj < 0.05) enriched in the target genes. Most genes targeted by the identified miRNAs are involved in immune and muscle disease pathways. Our study demonstrated that dietary protein intake during pregnancy affected fetal skeletal muscle epigenetics via miRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Akyüz
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Türkiye; (B.A.); (M.M.H.S.); (K.A.)
| | - Md Mahmodul Hasan Sohel
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Türkiye; (B.A.); (M.M.H.S.); (K.A.)
- Genome and Stem Cell Centre, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Türkiye
| | - Yusuf Konca
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Türkiye; (Y.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Korhan Arslan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Türkiye; (B.A.); (M.M.H.S.); (K.A.)
| | - Kutlay Gürbulak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Türkiye; (K.G.); (M.A.)
| | - Murat Abay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Türkiye; (K.G.); (M.A.)
| | - Mahmut Kaliber
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Türkiye; (Y.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Stephen N. White
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Mehmet Ulas Cinar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Türkiye; (Y.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
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5
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Mizui M, Kono M. Novel therapeutic strategies targeting abnormal T-cell signaling in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2024; 262:110182. [PMID: 38458302 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases have been based on the use of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents that broadly suppress immune responses. Therefore, organ damage from long-term use and infections due to immunocompromised status have been significant issues. Safer immunosuppressants and biological agents are now available, but there is still an urgent need to develop specific drugs to replace glucocorticoids. T-lymphocytes, central players in immune responses, could be crucial targets in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Extensive research has been conducted on the phenotypic changes of T-cells in systemic lupus erythematosus, which has led to the discovery of various therapeutic strategies. In this comprehensive review, we discuss novel treatment approaches and target molecules with expected effectiveness in humans and mice, based on research for lymphocytes involved in autoimmune diseases, especially T-cells in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Mizui
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Michihito Kono
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Ichinose K. The role of podocytes in lupus nephritis: Insights and implications. Clin Immunol 2024; 262:110180. [PMID: 38462157 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus, with high mortality rates despite medical advancements. The complexity of its pathogenesis, including the pivotal role of podocytes - kidney-localized cells - remains a challenge, lacking effective treatments and biomarkers. Recent studies highlight the significant contribution of these cells to LN's development, particularly through their immune-related functions and interaction with other kidney cells. This new understanding opens possibilities for targeted therapies aimed at these cellular mechanisms. This review aims to summarize these recent developments, shedding light on the intricate involvement of podocytes in LN and potential avenues for innovative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Ichinose
- Department of Rheumatology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; Integrated Kidney Research and Advance, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.
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Thomas R, Klaus T. The role of cAMP dependent gene transcription in lupus pathophysiology. Clin Immunol 2024; 262:110179. [PMID: 38460896 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
T lymphocytes play a major role in the pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus. T cellular dysregulation includes significant alterations in signal transduction, cytokine production and metabolic pathways. The cAMP dependent transcription factors like CREB and CREM exert pleiotropic functions as they are critically involved in epigenetic conformational changes and gene regulation of different key effector cytokines in CD4+ T cells including that of IL2, IL17 and IL21 genes. In the present review we review current knowledge on altered expression and function of these factors in T cells that promote autoimmunity in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rauen Thomas
- RWTH Aachen University, Dept. of Rheumatology, Germany
| | - Tenbrock Klaus
- RWTH Aachen University, Translational Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Germany; Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital University of Bern, Pediatric Rheumatology, Switzerland.
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8
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Koga T. Understanding the pathogenic significance of altered calcium-calmodulin signaling in T cells in autoimmune diseases. Clin Immunol 2024; 262:110177. [PMID: 38460894 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMK4) serves as a pivotal mediator in the regulation of gene expression, influencing the activity of transcription factors within a variety of immune cells, including T cells. Altered CaMK4 signaling is implicated in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis, which are characterized by dysregulated immune responses and clinical complexity. These conditions share common disturbances in immune cell functionality, cytokine production, and autoantibody generation, all of which are associated with disrupted calcium-calmodulin signaling. This review underscores the consequences of dysregulated CaMK4 signaling across these diseases, with an emphasis on its impact on Th17 differentiation and T cell metabolism-processes central to maintaining immune homeostasis. A comprehensive understanding of roles of CaMK4 in gene regulation across various autoimmune disorders holds promise for the development of targeted therapies, particularly for diseases driven by Th17 cell dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Koga
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Furment MM, Perl A. Immmunometabolism of systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2024; 261:109939. [PMID: 38382658 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.109939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a potentially fatal chronic autoimmune disease which is underlain by complex dysfunction of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Although a series of well-defined genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in disease etiology, neither the development nor the persistence of SLE is well understood. Given that several disease susceptibility genes and environmental factors interact and influence inflammatory lineage specification through metabolism, the field of immunometabolism has become a forefront of cutting edge research. Along these lines, metabolic checkpoints of pathogenesis have been identified as targets of effective therapeutic interventions in mouse models and validated in clinical trials. Ongoing studies focus on mitochondrial oxidative stress, activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin, calcium signaling, glucose utilization, tryptophan degradation, and metabolic cross-talk between gut microbiota and the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Marte Furment
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States of America
| | - Andras Perl
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States of America; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States of America; Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States of America.
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10
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Han Y, Liu L, Zang B, Liang R, Zhao X, Liu B. Advances in natural products and antibody drugs for SLE: new therapeutic ideas. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1235440. [PMID: 37492083 PMCID: PMC10363611 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1235440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune systemic disease with a wide range of clinical symptoms, complex development processes, and uncertain prognosis. The clinical treatment of SLE is mainly based on hormones and immunosuppressants. Research on novel therapy strategies for SLE has flourished in recent years, especially the emergence of new targeted drugs and natural products that can modulate related symptoms. This review discusses the current experience including B-cell targeted drugs (belimumab, tabalumab, blisibimod, atacicept, rituximab, ofatumumab, ocrelizumab, obexelimab, and epratuzumab), T-cell targeted drugs (abatacept, dapirolizumab, and inhibitor of syk and CaMKIV), cytokines targeted drugs (anifrolumab and sifalimumab), and natural products (curcumin, oleuropein, punicalagin, sulforaphane, icariin, apigenin, and resveratrol). The aim of this paper is to combine the existing in vitro and in vivo models and clinical research results to summarize the efficacy and mechanism of natural drugs and targeted drugs in SLE for the reference and consideration of researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bin Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
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Saadh MJ, Kazemi K, Khorramdelazad H, Mousavi MJ, Noroozi N, Masoumi M, Karami J. Role of T cells in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematous: Focus on immunometabolism dysfunctions. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110246. [PMID: 37148769 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidence demonstrates that T cells are implicated in developing SLE, and each of them dominantly uses distinct metabolic pathways. Indeed, intracellular enzymes and availability of specific nutrients orchestrate fate of T cells and lead to differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg), memory T cells, helper T cells, and effector T cells. The function of T cells in inflammatory and autoimmune responses is determined by metabolic processes and activity of their enzymes. Several studies were conducted to determine metabolic abnormalities in SLE patients and clarify how these modifications could control the functions of the involved T cells. Metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, mitochondrial pathways, oxidative stress, mTOR pathway, fatty acid and amino acid metabolisms are dysregulated in SLE T cells. Moreover, immunosuppressive drugs used in treating autoimmune diseases, including SLE, could affect immunometabolism. Developing drugs to regulate autoreactive T cell metabolism could be a promising therapeutic approach for SLE treatment. Accordingly, increased knowledge about metabolic processes paves the way to understanding SLE pathogenesis better and introduces novel therapeutic options for SLE treatment. Although monotherapy with metabolic pathways modulators might not be sufficient to prevent autoimmune disease, they may be an ideal adjuvant to reduce administration doses of immunosuppressive drugs, thus reducing drug-associated adverse effects. This review summarized emerging data about T cells that are involved in SLE pathogenesis, focusing on immunometabolism dysregulation and how these modifications could affect the disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan; Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Mousavi
- Department of Hematology, School of Para-Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Student Research and Technology Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Negar Noroozi
- Student Research and Technology Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Maryam Masoumi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
| | - Jafar Karami
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
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Koga T, Umeda M, Yoshida N, Satyam A, Jha M, Scherlinger M, Bhargava R, Tsokos MG, Sato T, Furukawa K, Endo Y, Fukui S, Iwamoto N, Abiru N, Okita M, Ito M, Kawakami A, Tsokos GC. Inhibition of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV in arthritis: dual effect on Th17 cell activation and osteoclastogenesis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:861-871. [PMID: 35781320 PMCID: PMC9891404 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMK4) in the development of joint injury in a mouse model of arthritis and patients with RA. METHODS Camk4-deficient, Camk4flox/floxLck-Cre, and mice treated with CaMK4 inhibitor KN-93 or KN-93 encapsulated in nanoparticles tagged with CD4 or CD8 antibodies were subjected to collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Inflammatory cytokine levels, humoral immune response, synovitis, and T-cell activation were recorded. CAMK4 gene expression was measured in CD4+ T cells from healthy participants and patients with active RA. Micro-CT and histology were used to assess joint pathology. CD4+ and CD14+ cells in patients with RA were subjected to Th17 or osteoclast differentiation, respectively. RESULTS CaMK4-deficient mice subjected to CIA displayed improved clinical scores and decreased numbers of Th17 cells. KN-93 treatment significantly reduced joint destruction by decreasing the production of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, Camk4flox/floxLck-Cre mice and mice treated with KN93-loaded CD4 antibody-tagged nanoparticles developed fewer Th17 cells and less severe arthritis. CaMK4 inhibition mitigated IL-17 production by CD4+ cells in patients with RA. The number of in vitro differentiated osteoclasts from CD14+ cells in patients with RA was significantly decreased with CaMK4 inhibitors. CONCLUSION Using global and CD4-cell-targeted pharmacologic approaches and conditionally deficient mice, we demonstrate that CaMK4 is important in the development of arthritis. Using ex vivo cell cultures from patients with RA, CaMK4 is important for both Th17 generation and osteoclastogenesis. We propose that CaMK4 inhibition represents a new approach to control the development of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Koga
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences.,Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masataka Umeda
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences.,Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nobuya Yoshida
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abhigyan Satyam
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meenakshi Jha
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Scherlinger
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rhea Bhargava
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria G Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomohito Sato
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences
| | - Kaori Furukawa
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences
| | - Yushiro Endo
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences
| | - Shoichi Fukui
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences
| | - Naoki Iwamoto
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences
| | - Norio Abiru
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences
| | - Minoru Okita
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki
| | - Masako Ito
- Nagasaki Study Center, The Open University of Japan, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences
| | - George C Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Maz MP, Martens JWS, Hannoudi A, Reddy AL, Hile GA, Kahlenberg JM. Recent advances in cutaneous lupus. J Autoimmun 2022; 132:102865. [PMID: 35858957 PMCID: PMC10082587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an inflammatory and autoimmune skin condition that affects patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and exists as an isolated entity without associated SLE. Flares of CLE, often triggered by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light result in lost productivity and poor quality of life for patients and can be associated with trigger of systemic inflammation. In the past 10 years, the knowledge of CLE etiopathogenesis has grown, leading to promising targets for better therapies. Development of lesions likely begins in a pro-inflammatory epidermis, conditioned by excess type I interferon (IFN) production to undergo increased cell death and inflammatory cytokine production after UV light exposure. The reasons for this inflammatory predisposition are not well-understood, but may be an early event, as ANA + patients without criteria for autoimmune disease exhibit similar (although less robust) findings. Non-lesional skin of SLE patients also exhibits increased innate immune cell infiltration, conditioned by excess IFNs to release pro-inflammatory cytokines, and potentially increase activation of the adaptive immune system. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are also found in non-lesional skin and may contribute to type I IFN production, although this finding is now being questioned by new data. Once the inflammatory cycle begins, lesional infiltration by numerous other cell populations ensues, including IFN-educated T cells. The heterogeneity amongst lesional CLE subtypes isn't fully understood, but B cells appear to discriminate discoid lupus erythematosus from other subtypes. Continued discovery will provide novel targets for additional therapeutic pursuits. This review will comprehensively discuss the contributions of tissue-specific and immune cell populations to the initiation and propagation of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra P Maz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jacob W S Martens
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Andrew Hannoudi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alayka L Reddy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Grace A Hile
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - J Michelle Kahlenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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14
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Zhang Y, Daniel EA, Metcalf J, Dai Y, Reif GA, Wallace DP. CaMK4 overexpression in polycystic kidney disease promotes mTOR-mediated cell proliferation. J Mol Cell Biol 2022; 14:6674767. [PMID: 36002021 PMCID: PMC9802383 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by progressive enlargement of fluid-filled cysts, causing nephron loss and a decline in renal function. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is overactive in cyst-lining cells and contributes to abnormal cell proliferation and cyst enlargement; however, the mechanism for mTOR stimulation remains unclear. We discovered that calcium/calmodulin (CaM) dependent kinase IV (CaMK4), a multifunctional kinase, is overexpressed in the kidneys of ADPKD patients and PKD mouse models. In human ADPKD cells, CaMK4 knockdown reduced mTOR abundance and the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K), a downstream target of mTOR. Pharmacologic inhibition of CaMK4 with KN-93 reduced phosphorylated S6K and S6 levels and inhibited cell proliferation and in vitro cyst formation of ADPKD cells. Moreover, inhibition of calcium/CaM-dependent protein kinase kinase-β and CaM, two key upstream regulators of CaMK4, also decreased mTOR signaling. The effects of KN-93 were independent of the liver kinase B1-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, and the combination of KN-93 and metformin, an AMPK activator, had additive inhibitory effects on mTOR signaling and in vitro cyst growth. Our data suggest that increased CaMK4 expression and activity contribute to mTOR signaling and the proliferation of cystic cells of ADPKD kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-3018, USA,Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-3018, USA
| | - Emily A Daniel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-3018, USA,Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-3018, USA
| | - July Metcalf
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-3018, USA,Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-3018, USA
| | - Yuqiao Dai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-3018, USA,Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-3018, USA
| | - Gail A Reif
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-3018, USA,Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-3018, USA
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15
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Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis Identifies Crucial Genes Involved in Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:6971238. [PMID: 35958279 PMCID: PMC9363224 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6971238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) is a lethal disease with an unstated pathogenic mechanism. Therefore, it is urgent to develop innovative strategies to ameliorate the outcome of CHD patients and explore novel biomarkers connected to the pathogenicity of CHD. Methods The weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was carried out on a coronary atherosclerosis dataset GSE90074 to determine the crucial modules and hub genes for their prospective relationship to CHD. After the different modules associated with CHD have been identified, the Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enriched pathway analyses were conducted. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was thereafter performed for the critical module using STRING and Cytoscape. Results The yellow module was recognized as the most critical module associated with CHD. The enriched pathways in the yellow module included those related to inflammatory response, positive regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) cascade, lipid catabolic process, cellular response to oxidative stress, apoptotic pathway, and NF-kappa B pathway. Further CytoHubba analysis revealed the top five hub genes (MMP14, CD28, CaMK4, RGS1, and DDAH1) associated with CHD development. Conclusions The current study provides the prognosis, novel hub genes, and signaling pathways for treating coronary atherosclerosis. However, their potential biological roles require deeper investigation.
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16
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T cell dysregulation in SLE. Clin Immunol 2022; 239:109031. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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Muñoz-Urbano M, Quintero-González DC, Vasquez G. T cell metabolism and possible therapeutic targets in systemic lupus erythematosus: a narrative review. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:457-470. [PMID: 35352607 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2055568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), there is a dysregulation of specific immune cells, including T cells. The metabolic reprogramming in T cells causes different effects. Metabolic programs are critical checkpoints in immune responses and are involved in the etiology of autoimmune disease. For instance, resting lymphocytes generate energy through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO), whereas activated lymphocytes rapidly shift to the glycolytic pathway. Specifically, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, abnormal metabolism (including glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism), and mTOR signaling are hallmarks of T lymphocyte metabolic dysfunction in SLE. Herein it is summarized how metabolic defects contribute to T cell responses in SLE, and some epigenetic alterations involved in the disease. Finally, it is shown how metabolic defects could be modified therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gloria Vasquez
- Rheumatology Section, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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18
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Hsieh CC, Su YC, Jiang KY, Ito T, Li TW, Kaku-Ito Y, Cheng ST, Chen LT, Hwang DY, Shen CH. TRPM1 promotes tumor progression in acral melanoma by activating the Ca 2+/CaMKIIδ/AKT pathway. J Adv Res 2022; 43:45-57. [PMID: 36585114 PMCID: PMC9811324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acral melanoma is a predominant and aggressive subtype of melanoma in non-Caucasian populations. There is a lack of genotype-driven therapies for over 50% of patients. TRPM1 (transient receptor potential melastatin 1), a nonspecific cation channel, is mainly expressed in retinal bipolar neurons and skin. Nonetheless, the function of TRPM1 in melanoma progression is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES We investigated the association between TRPM1 and acral melanoma progression and revealed the molecular mechanisms by which TRPM1 promotes tumor progression and malignancy. METHODS TRPM1 expression and CaMKII phosphorylation in tumor specimens were tested by immunohistochemistry analysis and scored by two independent investigators. The functions of TRPM1 and CaMKII were assessed using loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches and examined by western blotting, colony formation, cell migration and invasion, and xenograft tumor growth assays. The effects of a CaMKII inhibitor, KN93, were evaluated using both in vitro cell and in vivo xenograft mouse models. RESULTS We revealed that TRPM1 protein expression was positively associated with tumor progression and shorter survival in patients with acral melanoma. TRPM1 promoted AKT activation and the colony formation, cell mobility, and xenograft tumor growth of melanoma cells. TRPM1 elevated cytosolic Ca2+ levels and activated CaMKIIδ (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ) to promote the CaMKIIδ/AKT interaction and AKT activation. The functions of TRPM1 in melanoma cells were suppressed by a CaMKII inhibitor, KN93. Significant upregulation of phospho-CaMKII levels in acral melanomas was related to increased expression of TRPM1. An acral melanoma cell line with high expression of TRPM1, CA11, was isolated from a patient to show the anti-tumor activity of KN93 in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS TRPM1 promotes tumor progression and malignancy in acral melanoma by activating the Ca2+/CaMKIIδ/AKT pathway. CaMKII inhibition may be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating acral melanomas with high expression of TRPM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Che Hsieh
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Chiu Su
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Takamichi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ting-Wei Li
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Yumiko Kaku-Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shih-Tsung Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan,Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan,Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan,Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Daw-Yang Hwang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hung Shen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan,Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan,Corresponding author at: National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 367, Sheng-Li Rd., North District, Tainan 70456, Taiwan.
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19
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Subramanyam SH, Tenbrock K. The cAMP responsive element modulator (CREM) is a regulator of CD4 + T cell function. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1591-1596. [PMID: 34448385 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cAMP responsive element modulator (CREM) is a transcriptional regulator of different effector cytokines in CD4+ T cells including IL-2, IL-17, IL-21 but also IL-4 and IL-13 and thus an important determinant of central T helper cell functions. Our review gives an overview over the regulation of CREM in T cells and the pleiotropic effects of CREM on CD4+ T cells in health and autoimmune diseases with a particular focus on systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research IZKF, Aachen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research IZKF, Münster, Germany
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20
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Wilson CS, Stocks BT, Hoopes EM, Rhoads JP, McNew KL, Major AS, Moore DJ. Metabolic preconditioning in CD4+ T cells restores inducible immune tolerance in lupus-prone mice. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e143245. [PMID: 34403367 PMCID: PMC8525586 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disease has presented an insurmountable barrier to restoration of durable immune tolerance. Previous studies indicate that chronic therapy with metabolic inhibitors can reduce autoimmune inflammation, but it remains unknown whether acute metabolic modulation enables permanent immune tolerance to be established. In an animal model of lupus, we determined that targeting glucose metabolism with 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) and mitochondrial metabolism with metformin enables endogenous immune tolerance mechanisms to respond to tolerance induction. A 2-week course of 2DG and metformin, when combined with tolerance-inducing therapy anti-CD45RB, prevented renal deposition of autoantibodies for 6 months after initial treatment and restored tolerance induction to allografts in lupus-prone mice. The restoration of durable immune tolerance was linked to changes in T cell surface glycosylation patterns, illustrating a role for glycoregulation in immune tolerance. These findings indicate that metabolic therapy may be applied as a powerful preconditioning to reinvigorate tolerance mechanisms in autoimmune and transplant settings that resist current immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blair T Stocks
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology; and
| | - Emilee M Hoopes
- Ian Burr Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics
| | | | - Kelsey L McNew
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology; and
| | - Amy S Major
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology; and.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel J Moore
- Ian Burr Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology; and
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21
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Bhargava R, Lehoux S, Maeda K, Tsokos MG, Krishfield S, Ellezian L, Pollak M, Stillman IE, Cummings RD, Tsokos GC. Aberrantly glycosylated IgG elicits pathogenic signaling in podocytes and signifies lupus nephritis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:147789. [PMID: 33784256 PMCID: PMC8262331 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a serious complication occurring in 50% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for which there is a lack of biomarkers, a lack of specific medications, and a lack of a clear understanding of its pathogenesis. The expression of calcium/calmodulin kinase IV (CaMK4) is increased in podocytes of patients with LN and lupus-prone mice, and its podocyte-targeted inhibition averts the development of nephritis in mice. Nephrin is a key podocyte molecule essential for the maintenance of the glomerular slit diaphragm. Here, we show that the presence of fucose on N-glycans of IgG induces, whereas the presence of galactose ameliorates, podocyte injury through CaMK4 expression. Mechanistically, CaMK4 phosphorylates NF-κB, upregulates the transcriptional repressor SNAIL, and limits the expression of nephrin. In addition, we demonstrate that increased expression of CaMK4 in biopsy specimens and in urine podocytes from people with LN is linked to active kidney disease. Our data shed light on the role of IgG glycosylation in the development of podocyte injury and propose the development of “liquid kidney biopsy” approaches to diagnose LN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvain Lehoux
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Glycomics Core, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Isaac E Stillman
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Glycomics Core, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Han Y, Tang Y, Sun S, Kim T, Ju K, Ri S, Du X, Zhou W, Shi W, Li S, Liu G. Modulatory function of calmodulin on phagocytosis and potential regulation mechanisms in the blood clam Tegillarca granosa. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:103910. [PMID: 33129883 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Unlike vertebrate species, invertebrates lack antigen-antibody mediated immune response and mainly rely on haemocyte phagocytosis to fight against pathogen infection. Recently, studies conducted in model vertebrates demonstrated that the multifunctional protein calmodulin (CaM) plays an important role in regulating immune responses. However, the intrinsic relation between CaM and phagocytosis process remains poorly understood in invertebrate species such as bivalve mollusks. Therefore, in the present study, the immunomodulatory function of CaM on haemocyte phagocytosis was verified in the blood clam, Tegillarca granosa, using the CaM-specific inhibitor N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride (W-7). Results obtained show that CaM inhibition significantly suppressed the phagocytic activity of haemocytes. In addition, CaM inhibition constrained intracellular Ca2+ elevation, hampered actin cytoskeleton assembly, suppressed calcineurin (CaN) activity, and disrupted NF-κB activation in haemocytes upon LPS induction. Furthermore, expression of seven selected genes from the actin cytoskeleton regulation- and immune-related pathways were significantly downregulated whereas those of CaM and CaN from the Ca2+-signaling pathway were significantly upregulated by in vitro incubation of haemocytes with W-7. For the first time, the present study demonstrated that CaM play an important role in phagocytosis modulation in bivalve species. In addition, the intracellular Ca2+ and downstream Ca2+-signaling-, actin cytoskeleton regulation-, and immune-related pathways offer candidate routes through which CaM modulates phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Shuge Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Tongchol Kim
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; College of Life Science, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, 99903, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangjin Ju
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; College of Aquaculture, Wonsan Fisheries University, Wonsan, 999093, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyok Ri
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; College of Life Science, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, 99903, Republic of Korea
| | - Xueying Du
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Weishang Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Shiguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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23
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Smith JA. STING, the Endoplasmic Reticulum, and Mitochondria: Is Three a Crowd or a Conversation? Front Immunol 2021; 11:611347. [PMID: 33552072 PMCID: PMC7858662 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.611347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-viral pattern recognition receptor STING and its partnering cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS have been increasingly recognized to respond to self DNA in multiple pathologic settings including cancer and autoimmune disease. Endogenous DNA sources that trigger STING include damaged nuclear DNA in micronuclei and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). STING resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and particularly in the ER-mitochondria associated membranes. This unique location renders STING well poised to respond to intracellular organelle stress. Whereas the pathways linking mtDNA and STING have been addressed recently, the mechanisms governing ER stress and STING interaction remain more opaque. The ER and mitochondria share a close anatomic and functional relationship, with mutual production of, and inter-organelle communication via calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This interdependent relationship has potential to both generate the essential ligands for STING activation and to regulate its activity. Herein, we review the interactions between STING and mitochondria, STING and ER, ER and mitochondria (vis-à-vis calcium and ROS), and the evidence for 3-way communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Smith
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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24
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Liu Q, Wang L, Yan G, Zhang W, Huan Z, Li J. MiR-125a-5p Alleviates Dysfunction and Inflammation of Pentylenetetrazol- induced Epilepsy Through Targeting Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase IV (CAMK4). Curr Neurovasc Res 2020; 16:365-372. [PMID: 31490757 DOI: 10.2174/1567202616666190906125444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNA) are known to play a key role in the etiology and treatment of epilepsy through controlling the expression of gene. However, miR-125a-5p in the epilepsy is little known. Epilepsy in rat models was induced by Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and miR- 125a-5p profiles in the hippocampus were investigated in our experiment. Also, the relationship between miR-125a-5p and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CAMK4) was identified and the related mechanism was also illustrated. METHODS The miR-125a-5p mRNA expression levels were evaluated by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western Blot (WB) was used to analyze the CAMK4 protein expression levels. Seizure score, latency and duration were determined based on a Racine scale. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze the inflammatory factor expression. The relationship between miR-125a-5p and CAMK4 was detected through dual luciferase assay. RESULTS Downregulation of miR-125a-5p was observed in the hippocampus of PTZ-induced epilepsy rats. The overexpression of miR-125a-5p attenuated seizure and decreased inflammatory factor level in the hippocampus of PTZ-induced rats. The miR-125a-5p alleviated epileptic seizure and inflammation in PTZ-induced rats by suppressing its target gene, CAMK4. CONCLUSION miR-125a-5p may represent a novel therapeutic treatment for PTZ-induced epilepsy by preventing the activation of CAMK4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishuai Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Zibo, Zibo City, Shandong Province, 255200, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Zibo, Zibo City, Shandong Province, 255200, China
| | - Guizhen Yan
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Lixia District of Jinan, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250014, China
| | - Weifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Zibo, Zibo City, Shandong Province, 255200, China
| | - Zhigang Huan
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Zibo, Zibo City, Shandong Province, 255200, China
| | - Jianyuan Li
- Department of Neursurgery, Rizhao City Hospital of TCM, Rizhao City, Shandong Province, 276800, China
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Th1, Th17, and Treg cells play distinct roles in autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. During the last 5 years we have learned that T-cell metabolism affects cell survival, differentiation and fate of T cells. RECENT FINDINGS We highlight recent studies which have reported on T-cell metabolism in autoimmune diseases, differences in cellular metabolisms in T-cell subsets among various diseases and transcription factors which control the expression and function of central metabolic enzymes. SUMMARY Distinct metabolic processes control the function of T-cell subsets in autoimmune disease and known transcription factors control the activity of metabolic enzymes. The revealed insights into the metabolic events of immune cells offer opportunities for new therapeutic approaches.
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Abstract
Abnormal T cell responses are central to the development of autoimmunity and organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Following stimulation, naïve T cells undergo rapid proliferation, differentiation and cytokine production. Since the initial report, approximately two decades ago, that engagement of CD28 enhances glycolysis but PD-1 and CTLA-4 decrease it, significant information has been generated which has linked metabolic reprogramming with the fate of differentiating T cell in health and autoimmunity. Herein we summarize how defects in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, glycolysis, glutaminolysis and lipid metabolism contribute to pro-inflammatory T cell responses in systemic lupus erythematosus and discuss how metabolic defects can be exploited therapeutically.
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Kono M, Yoshida N, Maeda K, Suárez-Fueyo A, Kyttaris VC, Tsokos GC. Glutaminase 1 Inhibition Reduces Glycolysis and Ameliorates Lupus-like Disease in MRL/lpr Mice and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:1869-1878. [PMID: 31233276 DOI: 10.1002/art.41019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glutaminase 1 (Gls1) is the first enzyme in glutaminolysis. The selective Gls1 inhibitor bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide (BPTES) suppresses Th17 development and ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The present study was undertaken to investigate whether inhibition of glutaminolysis is beneficial for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and the involved mechanisms. METHODS MRL/lpr mice were treated with BPTES or vehicle control, and disease activity was examined. Then naive CD4+ T cells from patients with SLE were cultured under Th17-polarizing conditions with BPTES or vehicle. Furthermore, using newly generated Gls1 conditional-knockout mice, in vitro Th17 differentiation was examined, and EAE was induced in the mice. Glutaminolysis and glycolysis were measured with an extracellular flux analyzer. The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) was examined by Western blotting. RESULTS Treatment of MRL/lpr mice with BPTES improved autoimmune pathology in a Th17-dependent manner. T cells from patients with SLE treated with BPTES displayed decreased Th17 differentiation (P < 0.05). Using the conditional-knockout mice, we demonstrated that both in vitro Th17 differentiation (P < 0.05) and the development of EAE were dependent on Gls1. Gls1 inhibition reduced glycolysis and the expression of HIF-1α protein, which induces glycolysis. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that inhibition of glutaminolysis represents a potential new treatment strategy for patients with SLE and Th17-related autoimmune diseases. Mechanistically, we have shown that inhibition of glutaminolysis affects the glycolysis pathway by reducing HIF-1α protein in Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Kono
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuya Yoshida
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kayaho Maeda
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abel Suárez-Fueyo
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vasileios C Kyttaris
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George C Tsokos
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Effects of icariin on long noncoding RNA and mRNA expression profile in the aortas of apoE-deficient mice. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190855. [PMID: 31296789 PMCID: PMC6658818 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The beneficial effects of icariin (ICA) in ameliorating atherosclerosis (AS) are well known, but the underlying protective mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate altered long noncosing RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA expression profiles in ApoE−/− mice after ICA treatment. Method: The atherosclerotic plaque area was evaluated on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced ApoE−/− mice treated with either ICA or vehicle. LncRNA and mRNA integrated microarrays was performed on aortic tissues. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were utilized to explore the significant function and pathway of the differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, global signal transduction network were constructed to select key mRNAs, and lncRNA–mRNA co-expression network was built to find out the interactions between lncRNA and mRNA. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to further validate the expressions of selected lncRNAs and mRNAs. Results: Administration of ICA significantly reduced plaque size after 12 weeks (P<0.05). A total of 1512 DE lncRNAs and 2059 DE mRNAs were identified. The mRNAs: protein kinase C, β (Prkcb), Cyp2c65, Mapk10, Calmodulin 5 (Calm5), Calmodulin-like 3 (Calml3) and Camk4 were selected as hub mRNAs, the correlated lncRNAs in co-expression network were identified as important regulatory lncRNAs. The identified target pairs such as lncRNA-NONMMUT000659/Prkcb may play critical roles in AS development mediated by ICA. Conclusion: Taken together, our study highlights a panel of DE lncRNAs and mRNAs that could explain the molecular mechanism of ICA’s anti-atherosclerotic effects. The work lays a foundation for subsequent genes functional researches, which could contribute to provide new therapeutic targets for AS.
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Kono M, Maeda K, Stocton-Gavanescu I, Pan W, Umeda M, Katsuyama E, Burbano C, Orite SYK, Vukelic M, Tsokos MG, Yoshida N, Tsokos GC. Pyruvate kinase M2 is requisite for Th1 and Th17 differentiation. JCI Insight 2019; 4:127395. [PMID: 31217348 PMCID: PMC6629104 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Th1 and Th17 are important in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and they depend on glycolysis as a source of energy. T cell antigen receptor signaling phosphorylates a serine/threonine kinase, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMK4), and promotes glycolysis. Based on these findings we hypothesized that CaMK4 promotes glycolysis. Camk4-deficient CD4+ T cells and cells treated with a CaMK4 inhibitor had less glycolysis compared with their counterparts. Pull-down of CaMK4 and mass spectrometry identified pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme (PKM), the final rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis, as a binding partner. Coimmunoprecipitation and Western blotting showed that CaMK4 interacts directly with PKM2. Camk4-deficient CD4+ T cells displayed decreased pyruvate kinase activity. Silencing or pharmacological inhibition of PKM2 reduced glycolysis and in vitro differentiation to Th1 and Th17 cells, while PKM2 overexpression restored Th17 cell differentiation. Treatment with a PKM2 inhibitor ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and CD4+ T cells treated with PKM2 inhibitor or Pkm2-shRNA caused limited disease activity in an adoptive cell transfer model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Our data demonstrate that CaMK4 binds to PKM2 and promotes its activity, which is requisite for Th1 and Th17 differentiation in vitro and in vivo. PKM2 represents a therapeutic target for T cell-dependent autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Kono
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kayaho Maeda
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Irina Stocton-Gavanescu
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wenliang Pan
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Masataka Umeda
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eri Katsuyama
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catalina Burbano
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Seo Yeon K. Orite
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Milena Vukelic
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria G. Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nobuya Yoshida
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - George C. Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
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Crispin JC, Hedrich CM, Suárez-Fueyo A, Comte D, Tsokos GC. SLE-Associated Defects Promote Altered T Cell Function. Crit Rev Immunol 2019; 37:39-58. [PMID: 29431078 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2018025213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease linked to profound defects in the function and phenotype of T lymphocytes. Here, we describe abnormal signaling pathways that have been documented in T cells from patients with SLE and discuss how they impact gene expression and immune function, in order to understand how they contribute to disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C Crispin
- Departamento de Inmunologia y Reumatologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christian M Hedrich
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Abel Suárez-Fueyo
- Department of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Denis Comte
- Divisions of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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TSOKOS GEORGEC, TSOKOS MARIAG. TARGETING TARGETED TREATMENT FOR IMMUNE AND NON-IMMUNE KIDNEY DISEASES. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN CLINICAL AND CLIMATOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2019; 130:88-99. [PMID: 31516171 PMCID: PMC6735968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have found that calcium calmodulin kinase IV is increased in T cells, podocytes, and mesangial cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, as well as in lupus-prone mice, podocytes of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and in mice injected with doxorubicin. We showed that this accounts for aberrant T cell function and glomerular damage. Using nanoparticles (nlg) loaded with a small drug inhibitor of calcium calmodulin kinase IV and tagged with antibodies directed to CD4 we have been able to show inhibition of autoimmunity and lupus nephritis. Also, using nlg tagged with antibodies to nephrin, we showed suppression of nephritis in lupus-prone mice and of glomerular damage in mice exposed to doxorubicin. We propose the development of approaches to deliver drugs to cells in a targeted and precise manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- GEORGE C. TSOKOS
- Correspondence and reprint requests: George C. Tsokos, MD, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School,
330 Brookline Ave., CLS 937, Boston, Massachusetts 02215617-735-4161
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Ferretti AP, Bhargava R, Dahan S, Tsokos MG, Tsokos GC. Calcium/Calmodulin Kinase IV Controls the Function of Both T Cells and Kidney Resident Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2113. [PMID: 30333818 PMCID: PMC6176098 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium calmodulin kinase IV (CaMK4) regulates multiple processes that significantly contribute to the lupus-related pathology by controlling the production of IL-2 and IL-17 by T cells, the proliferation of mesangial cells, and the function and structure of podocytes. CaMK4 is also upregulated in podocytes from patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). In both immune and non-immune podocytopathies, CaMK4 disrupts the structure and function of podocytes. In lupus-prone mice, targeted delivery of a CaMK4 inhibitor to CD4+ T cells suppresses both autoimmunity and the development of nephritis. Targeted delivery though to podocytes averts the deposition of immune complexes without affecting autoimmunity in lupus-prone mice and averts pathology induced by adriamycin in normal mice. Therefore, targeted delivery of a CaMK4 inhibitor to podocytes holds high therapeutic promise for both immune (lupus nephritis) and non-immune (FSGS) podocytopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Ferretti
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rhea Bhargava
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shani Dahan
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria G Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Wang Y, Yan S, Xiao B, Zuo S, Zhang Q, Chen G, Yu Y, Chen D, Liu Q, Liu Y, Shen Y, Yu Y. Prostaglandin F 2α Facilitates Hepatic Glucose Production Through CaMKIIγ/p38/FOXO1 Signaling Pathway in Fasting and Obesity. Diabetes 2018; 67:1748-1760. [PMID: 29773555 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Gluconeogenesis is drastically increased in patients with type 2 diabetes and accounts for increased fasting plasma glucose concentrations. Circulating levels of prostaglandin (PG) F2α are also markedly elevated in diabetes; however, whether and how PGF2α regulates hepatic glucose metabolism remain unknown. Here, we demonstrated that PGF2α receptor (F-prostanoid receptor [FP]) was upregulated in the livers of mice upon fasting- and diabetic stress. Hepatic deletion of the FP receptor suppressed fasting-induced hepatic gluconeogenesis, whereas FP overexpression enhanced hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice. FP activation promoted the expression of gluconeogenic enzymes (PEPCK and glucose-6-phosphatase) in hepatocytes in a FOXO1-dependent manner. Additionally, FP coupled with Gq in hepatocytes to elicit Ca2+ release, which activated Ca2+/calmodulin-activated protein kinase IIγ (CaMKIIγ) to increase FOXO1 phosphorylation and subsequently accelerate its nuclear translocation. Blockage of p38 disrupted CaMKIIγ-induced FOXO1 nuclear translocation and abrogated FP-mediated hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice. Moreover, knockdown of hepatic FP receptor improved insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in ob/ob mice. FP-mediated hepatic gluconeogenesis via the CaMKIIγ/p38/FOXO1 signaling pathway, indicating that the FP receptor might be a promising therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Animals
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/chemistry
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/genetics
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Dinoprost/metabolism
- Fasting/metabolism
- Forkhead Box Protein O1/agonists
- Forkhead Box Protein O1/genetics
- Forkhead Box Protein O1/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gluconeogenesis/drug effects
- Humans
- Insulin Resistance
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Obese
- Mice, Transgenic
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- RNA Interference
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengkai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Maeda K, Otomo K, Yoshida N, Abu-Asab MS, Ichinose K, Nishino T, Kono M, Ferretti A, Bhargava R, Maruyama S, Bickerton S, Fahmy TM, Tsokos MG, Tsokos GC. CaMK4 compromises podocyte function in autoimmune and nonautoimmune kidney disease. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3445-3459. [PMID: 29985166 DOI: 10.1172/jci99507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte malfunction occurs in autoimmune and nonautoimmune kidney disease. Calcium signaling is essential for podocyte injury, but the role of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK) signaling in podocytes has not been fully explored. We report that podocytes from patients with lupus nephritis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and lupus-prone and lipopolysaccharide- or adriamycin-treated mice display increased expression of CaMK IV (CaMK4), but not CaMK2. Mechanistically, CaMK4 modulated podocyte motility by altering the expression of the GTPases Rac1 and RhoA and suppressed the expression of nephrin, synaptopodin, and actin fibers in podocytes. In addition, it phosphorylated the scaffold protein 14-3-3β, which resulted in the release and degradation of synaptopodin. Targeted delivery of a CaMK4 inhibitor to podocytes preserved their ultrastructure, averted immune complex deposition and crescent formation, and suppressed proteinuria in lupus-prone mice and proteinuria in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide-induced podocyte injury by preserving nephrin/synaptopodin expression. In animals exposed to adriamycin, podocyte-specific delivery of a CaMK4 inhibitor prevented and reversed podocyte injury and renal disease. We conclude that CaMK4 is pivotal in immune and nonimmune podocyte injury and that its targeted cell-specific inhibition preserves podocyte structure and function and should have therapeutic value in lupus nephritis and podocytopathies, including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayaho Maeda
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kotaro Otomo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nobuya Yoshida
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mones S Abu-Asab
- Histopathology Core, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kunihiro Ichinose
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nishino
- Department of Nephrology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Michihito Kono
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew Ferretti
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rhea Bhargava
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shoichi Maruyama
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sean Bickerton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University and Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tarek M Fahmy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Department of Immunobiology, Yale University and Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Maria G Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Katsuyama T, Tsokos GC, Moulton VR. Aberrant T Cell Signaling and Subsets in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1088. [PMID: 29868033 PMCID: PMC5967272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multi-organ debilitating autoimmune disease, which mainly afflicts women in the reproductive years. A complex interaction of genetics, environmental factors and hormones result in the breakdown of immune tolerance to "self" leading to damage and destruction of multiple organs, such as the skin, joints, kidneys, heart and brain. Both innate and adaptive immune systems are critically involved in the misguided immune response against self-antigens. Dendritic cells, neutrophils, and innate lymphoid cells are important in initiating antigen presentation and propagating inflammation at lymphoid and peripheral tissue sites. Autoantibodies produced by B lymphocytes and immune complex deposition in vital organs contribute to tissue damage. T lymphocytes are increasingly being recognized as key contributors to disease pathogenesis. CD4 T follicular helper cells enable autoantibody production, inflammatory Th17 subsets promote inflammation, while defects in regulatory T cells lead to unchecked immune responses. A better understanding of the molecular defects including signaling events and gene regulation underlying the dysfunctional T cells in SLE is necessary to pave the path for better management, therapy, and perhaps prevention of this complex disease. In this review, we focus on the aberrations in T cell signaling in SLE and highlight therapeutic advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vaishali R. Moulton
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMK4) is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase that regulates gene expression by activating transcription factors in a wide range of immune cells including T cells and antigen-presenting cells. The function of CaMK4 is suggested to be abnormal mainly in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which is characterized by autoantibody production, immune complex formation, and immune dysregulation. Although accumulating evidence indicates that CaMK4 plays important roles in the immune responses, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the development of autoimmune diseases and inflammatory disorders have not been established. In this review, we briefly summarize the role of CaMK4 in immune responses. We also discuss T-cell signaling pathways that control interleukin (IL)-17 production in patients with lupus nephritis and in glomerulonephritis in lupus-prone mice. A better understanding of the signaling and gene regulation of CaMK4 will lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets in Th17 driven-autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Koga
- a Unit of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences , Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan.,b Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine , Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- a Unit of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences , Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
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38
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Shi D, Gu R, Song Y, Ding M, Huang T, Guo M, Xiao J, Huang W, Liao H. Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase IV (CaMKIV) Mediates Acute Skeletal Muscle Inflammatory Response. Inflammation 2017; 41:199-212. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Han L, Shen L, Zhu Y, Qiu Y. A monoclonal antibody against CD86 and its protection in a murine lupus nephritis model of chronic graft-versus-host disease. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 39:285-291. [PMID: 28747139 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2017.1354878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lupus nephritis is the most common complication that causes the death of systemic lupus erythematosus patients. CD28/CTLA4 and their ligands CD80 or CD86 costimulatory pathway play a pivotal role in autoimmune disease and organ transplantation. OBJECTIVES We generated a monoclonal antibody (clone 1D1) against human CD86 (1D1) that could recognize both human and mouse CD86, and blocked the CD86/CD28 costimulatory pathway with our mAb on a murine lupus nephritis model induced with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental lupus nephritis mice were induced with cGVHD, and splenocyte population were analyzed by flow cytometry. Autoantibodies and proteinuria were detected to evaluate the severity of lupus nephritis. The change of histopathology was observed by microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. RESULTS we successfully generated a monoclonal antibody against human CD86(1D1). 1D1 mAb could recognize not only human CD86, but also mouse CD86. 1D1 was applied to the cGVHD-induced experimental lupus nephritis model, and our study found the production of ANA and anti-dsDNA in the 1D1-treated group was lower than those in IgG-treated group after four weeks. The pathological injure of kidney in the 1D1-treated group was lighten than that in IgG-treated group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that blockade of CD86/CD28 with 1D1 induced a significant remission of proteinuria, production of autoantibodies, immune complex deposition and renal parenchyma lesions in experimental mice. Anti-CD86 Abs might be a potential method for immune therapy in autoimmune diseases and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhua Han
- a Department of cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Lijun Shen
- b Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Ying Zhu
- c Department of clinical laboratory , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yuhua Qiu
- d Department of Immunology , Medical College, Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
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Koga T, Otomo K, Mizui M, Yoshida N, Umeda M, Ichinose K, Kawakami A, Tsokos GC. Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinase IV Facilitates the Recruitment of Interleukin-17-Producing Cells to Target Organs Through the CCR6/CCL20 Axis in Th17 Cell-Driven Inflammatory Diseases. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:1981-8. [PMID: 26945541 DOI: 10.1002/art.39665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The recruitment of interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing T helper (Th17) cells to inflammatory sites has been implicated in the development of organ damage in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To define the mechanism of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase IV (CaMKIV) activation of Th17 cell recruitment to target tissues, we performed anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-induced glomerulonephritis (AIGN) experiments in mice and studied samples from patients with SLE. METHODS We induced experimental AIGN in CaMKIV-sufficient or CaMKIV-deficient mice and compared histology, Th17 cell-related chemokine expression, and numbers of IL-17-producing cells in kidneys. We also evaluated the efficacy of the CaMKIV inhibitor KN-93 in AIGN-induced kidney disease. The expression of CCR6 in memory CD4+ T cells before AIGN induction was analyzed by flow cytometry. We investigated the correlation between CCR6 expression in peripheral blood and the severity of glomerulonephritis in patients with SLE. RESULTS CaMKIV-deficient mice displayed less glomerular injury after induction of AIGN. Kidney infiltration by IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells along with CCR6 and CCL20 expression were significantly decreased in CaMKIV-deficient mice. Similarly, treatment of mice with KN-93 improved clinical and pathologic outcomes. Expression and function of CCR6 in peripheral blood memory CD4+ T cells was decreased in CaMKIV-deficient mice. Expression of CCR6 correlated positively with severity of organ damage in SLE patients. CONCLUSION CaMKIV inhibition represents a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of Th17 cell-mediated tissue damage in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Koga
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kotaro Otomo
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Masayuki Mizui
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nobuya Yoshida
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Masataka Umeda
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ichinose
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - George C Tsokos
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Tsokos GC, Lo MS, Costa Reis P, Sullivan KE. New insights into the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2017; 12:716-730. [PMID: 27872476 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 743] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aetiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is multifactorial, and includes contributions from the environment, stochastic factors, and genetic susceptibility. Great gains have been made in understanding SLE through the use of genetic variant identification, mouse models, gene expression studies, and epigenetic analyses. Collectively, these studies support the concept that defective clearance of immune complexes and biological waste (such as apoptotic cells), neutrophil extracellular traps, nucleic acid sensing, lymphocyte signalling, and interferon production pathways are all central to loss of tolerance and tissue damage. Increased understanding of the pathogenesis of SLE is driving a renewed interest in targeted therapy, and researchers are now on the verge of developing targeted immunotherapy directed at treating either specific organ system involvement or specific subsets of patients with SLE. Accordingly, this Review places these insights within the context of our current understanding of the pathogenesis of SLE and highlights pathways that are ripe for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Mindy S Lo
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Patricia Costa Reis
- Department of Pediatrics, Lisbon Medical School, Lisbon University, Santa Maria Hospital, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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43
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Hedrich CM, Mäbert K, Rauen T, Tsokos GC. DNA methylation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Epigenomics 2017; 9:505-525. [PMID: 27885845 PMCID: PMC6040049 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease facilitated by aberrant immune responses directed against cells and tissues, resulting in inflammation and organ damage. In the majority of patients, genetic predisposition is accompanied by additional factors conferring disease expression. While the exact molecular mechanisms remain elusive, epigenetic alterations in immune cells have been demonstrated to play a key role in disease pathogenesis through the dysregulation of gene expression. Since epigenetic marks are dynamic, allowing cells and tissues to differentiate and adjust, they can be influenced by environmental factors and also be targeted in therapeutic interventions. Here, we summarize reports on DNA methylation patterns in SLE, underlying molecular defects and their effect on immune cell function. We discuss the potential of DNA methylation as biomarker or therapeutic target in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Hedrich
- Pediatric Rheumatology & Immunology, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Mäbert
- Pediatric Rheumatology & Immunology, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Rauen
- Department of Nephrology & Clinical Immunology, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - George C Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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44
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Ohl K, Wiener A, Lippe R, Schippers A, Zorn C, Roth J, Wagner N, Tenbrock K. CREM Alpha Enhances IL-21 Production in T Cells In Vivo and In Vitro. Front Immunol 2016; 7:618. [PMID: 28066428 PMCID: PMC5165720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cAMP-responsive element modulator alpha (CREMα) plays a role in autoimmunity and, in particular, in systemic lupus erythematosus. CREMα negatively regulates IL-2 transcription and activates IL-17 expression by direct transcriptional mechanisms. To understand the role of CREM in autoimmunity, we recently generated a mouse with a transgenic overexpression of CREMα selectively in T cells. This mouse is characterized by enhanced IL-17 and IL-21 expression. We, herein, dissect the transcriptional mechanisms of enhanced IL-21 transcription in these mice. T cells of CREMα transgenic mice display an enhanced binding of CREMα to the CD3ζ chain promoter resulting in decreased CD3ζ chain expression. This is accompanied by a decreased excitation threshold and enhanced Ca2+ influx, which is known to induce IL-21 expression via NFATc2 activation. However, CREMα directly binds to cAMP-response element (CRE) half-site within the Il-21 promoter, which results in enhanced promoter activity shown by promoter reporter assays. CREMα-induced IL-21 transcription is not abrogated in the presence of cyclosporine A but depends on an intact CRE site within the IL-21 promoter, which suggests that CREM largely enhances IL-21 expression by direct transcriptional regulation. IL-21 transcription is critical for IL-17 generation in these mice, since IL-21 receptor blockade downregulates IL-17 transcription to wild-type levels. Finally, this is of functional relevance since CREMα transgenic mice display enhanced disease activity in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis accompanied by higher local IL-21 expression. Thus, we describe two novel mechanisms of CREMα-dependent IL-21 transcription. Since T cells of systemic lupus erythematosus patients are characterized by enhanced IL-21 transcription, this might also be of functional relevance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Ohl
- Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Anastasia Wiener
- Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Ralph Lippe
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Angela Schippers
- Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Carolin Zorn
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
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45
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Verjans E, Ohl K, Reiss LK, van Wijk F, Toncheva AA, Wiener A, Yu Y, Rieg AD, Gaertner VD, Roth J, Knol E, Kabesch M, Wagner N, Uhlig S, Martin C, Tenbrock K. The cAMP response element modulator (CREM) regulates TH2 mediated inflammation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:38538-51. [PMID: 26459392 PMCID: PMC4770719 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A characteristic feature of allergic diseases is the appearance of a subset of CD4+ cells known as TH2 cells, which is controlled by transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. We aimed to analyze the role of CREM, a known transcriptional activator of T cells, with regard to TH2 responses and allergic diseases in men and mice. Here we demonstrate that T cells of asthmatic children and PBMCs of adults with atopy express lower mRNA levels of the transcription factor CREM compared to cells from healthy controls. CREM deficiency in murine T cells results in enhanced TH2 effector cytokines in vitro and in vivo and CREM−/− mice demonstrate stronger airway hyperresponsiveness in an OVA-induced asthma model. Mechanistically, both direct CREM binding to the IL-4 and IL-13 promoter as well as a decreased IL-2 dependent STAT5 activation suppress the TH2 response. Accordingly, mice selectively overexpressing CREMα in T cells display decreased TH2 type cytokines in vivo and in vitro, and are protected in an asthma model. Thus, we provide evidence that CREM is a negative regulator of the TH2 response and determines the outcome of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Verjans
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kim Ohl
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lucy K Reiss
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Femke van Wijk
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Antonaneta A Toncheva
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, University Children`s Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Wiener
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yin Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Annette D Rieg
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vincent D Gaertner
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, University Children`s Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Edward Knol
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michael Kabesch
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, University Children`s Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Regensburg, Germany.,Member of The German Lung Research Center (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Uhlig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Martin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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46
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Kasper IR, Apostolidis SA, Sharabi A, Tsokos GC. Empowering Regulatory T Cells in Autoimmunity. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:784-797. [PMID: 27461103 PMCID: PMC5003773 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are capable of dampening immune-mediated inflammation and avert the destructive effects of uncontrolled inflammation. Distinct molecules and pathways, including various transcription factors, phosphatases, and kinases, impact the ability of Tregs to function as negative regulators of the immune response, and are presumably amenable to therapeutic manipulation. Here, we discuss recently identified molecular networks and the therapeutic potential for treating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac R Kasper
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Sokratis A Apostolidis
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Amir Sharabi
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Clinical Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - George C Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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47
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Ichinose K, Ushigusa T, Nishino A, Nakashima Y, Suzuki T, Horai Y, Koga T, Kawashiri SY, Iwamoto N, Tamai M, Arima K, Nakamura H, Obata Y, Yamamoto K, Origuchi T, Nishino T, Kawakami A, Tsokos GC. Lupus Nephritis IgG Induction of Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase IV Expression in Podocytes and Alteration of Their Function. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:944-52. [PMID: 26636664 PMCID: PMC6103450 DOI: 10.1002/art.39499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kidney podocytes and their slit diaphragms prevent urinary protein loss. T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus display increased expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV). The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of CaMKIV in podocyte function in lupus nephritis (LN). METHODS We treated kidney podocytes with IgG derived from healthy individuals or patients with LN and then analyzed gene expression using a DNA microarray. The localization of IgG in podocytes was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining, with or without silencing of neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). In addition, we silenced CAMK4 in podocytes and analyzed the expression of selected genes. We also examined the expression of CD86 in kidney podocytes from MRL/lpr, MRL/lpr.camkiv(-/-), and MRL/MPJ mice by in situ hybridization. RESULTS We found that exposure of podocytes to IgG resulted in entry of IgG into the cytoplasm. IgG entered podocytes via the FcRn because less IgG was found in the cytoplasm of podocytes treated with FcRn small interfering RNA. DNA microarray studies of podocytes exposed to LN-derived IgG revealed up-regulation of genes related to the activation of immune cells or podocyte damage. Interestingly, CD86 expression decreased after silencing CAMK4 in podocytes. Also, in situ hybridization experiments showed that the expression of CD86 was reduced in podocytes from MRL/lpr.camkiv(-/-) mice. CONCLUSION LN-derived IgG enters podocytes and up-regulates CAMK4, which is followed by increased expression of genes known to be linked to podocyte damage and T cell activation. Targeted inhibition of CAMK4 in podocytes may prove to be clinically useful in patients with LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Ichinose
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Takeshi Ushigusa
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ayako Nishino
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yosikazu Nakashima
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takahisa Suzuki
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Horai
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Koga
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shin-ya Kawashiri
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwamoto
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mami Tamai
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Arima
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakamura
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoko Obata
- Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Tomoki Origuchi
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - George C. Tsokos
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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48
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Klaeschen AS, Wenzel J. Upcoming therapeutic targets in cutaneous lupus erythematous. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2016; 9:567-578. [DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2016.1145543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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49
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Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV: A multifunctional enzyme and potential therapeutic target. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 121:54-65. [PMID: 26773169 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CAMKIV) belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family, and is primarily involved in transcriptional regulation in lymphocytes, neurons and male germ cells. CAMKIV operates the signaling cascade and regulates activity of several transcription activators by phosphorylation, which in turn plays pivotal roles in immune response, inflammation and memory consolidation. In this review, we tried to focus on different aspects of CAMKIV to understand the significance of this protein in the biological system. This enzyme is associated with varieties of disorders such as cerebral hypoxia, azoospermia, endometrial and ovarian cancer, systemic lupus, etc., and hence it is considered as a potential therapeutic target. Structure of CAMKIV is comprised of five distinct domains in which kinase domain is responsible for enzyme activity. CAMKIV is involved in varieties of cellular functions such as regulation of gene expression, T-cell maturation, regulation of survival phase of dendritic cells, bone growth and metabolism, memory consolidation, sperm motility, regulation of microtubule dynamics, cell-cycle progression and apoptosis. In this review, we performed an extensive analysis on structure, function and regulation of CAMKIV and associated diseases.
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50
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Naz H, Jameel E, Hoda N, Shandilya A, Khan P, Islam A, Ahmad F, Jayaram B, Hassan MI. Structure guided design of potential inhibitors of human calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV containing pyrimidine scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 26:782-788. [PMID: 26783179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.12.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV (CAMKIV) belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family and considered as an encouraging target for the development of novel anticancer agents. The interaction and binding behavior of three designed inhibitors of human CAMKIV, containing pyrimidine scaffold, was monitored by in vitro fluorescence titration and molecular docking calculations under physiological condition. In silico docking studies were performed to screen several compounds containing pyrimidine scaffold against CAMKIV. Molecular docking calculation predicted the binding of these ligands in active-site cavity of the CAMKIV structure correlating such interactions with a probable inhibition mechanism. Finally, three active pyrimidine substituted compounds (molecules 1-3) have been successfully synthesized and characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR. Molecule 3 is showing very high binding-affinity for the CAMKIV, with a binding constant of 2.2×10(8), M(-1) (±0.20). All three compounds are nontoxic to HEK293 cells up to 50 μM. The cell proliferation inhibition study showed that the molecule 3 has lowest IC50 value (46±1.08 μM). The theoretical and experimental observations are significantly correlated. This study reveals some important observations to generate an improved pyrimidine based compound that holds promise as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Naz
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ehtesham Jameel
- Department of Chemistry, B.R. Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur 842001, Bihar, India
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Ashutosh Shandilya
- Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Parvez Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - B Jayaram
- Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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