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Kao MR, Ma TH, Chou HY, Chang SC, Cheng LC, Liao KS, Shie JJ, Harris PJ, Wong CH, Hsieh YSY. A Robust α-l-Fucosidase from Prevotella nigrescens for Glycoengineering Therapeutic Antibodies. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:1515-1524. [PMID: 38912881 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Eliminating the core fucose from the N-glycans of the Fc antibody segment by pathway engineering or enzymatic methods has been shown to enhance the potency of therapeutic antibodies, especially in the context of antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC). However, there is a significant challenge due to the limited defucosylation efficiency of commercially available α-l-fucosidases. In this study, we report a unique α-l-fucosidase (PnfucA) from the bacterium Prevotella nigrescens that has a low sequence identity compared with all other known α-l-fucosidases and is highly reactive toward a core disaccharide substrate with fucose α(1,3)-, α (1,4)-and α(1,6)-linked to GlcNAc, and is less reactive toward the Fuc-α(1,2)-Gal on the terminal trisaccharide of the oligosaccharide Globo H (Bb3). The kinetic properties of the enzyme, such as its Km and kcat, were determined and the optimized expression of PnfucA gave a yield exceeding 30 mg/L. The recombinant enzyme retained its full activity even after being incubated for 6 h at 37 °C. Moreover, it retained 92 and 87% of its activity after freezing and freeze-drying treatments, respectively, for over 28 days. In a representative glycoengineering of adalimumab (Humira), PnfucA showed remarkable hydrolytic efficiency in cleaving the α(1,6)-linked core fucose from FucGlcNAc on the antibody with a quantitative yield. This enabled the seamless incorporation of biantennary sialylglycans by Endo-S2 D184 M in a one-pot fashion to yield adalimumab in a homogeneous afucosylated glycoform with an improved binding affinity toward Fcγ receptor IIIa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Rong Kao
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Hsiang-Yu Chou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chieh Chang
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Lin-Chen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shiang Liao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Jie Shie
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Philip J Harris
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland Mail Centre, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yves S Y Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
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2
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Shin JH, Oh S, Jang MH, Lee SY, Min C, Eu YJ, Begum H, Kim JC, Lee GR, Oh HB, Paul MJ, Ma JKC, Gwak HS, Youn H, Kim SR. Enhanced efficacy of glycoengineered rice cell-produced trastuzumab. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 39016470 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
For several decades, a plant-based expression system has been proposed as an alternative platform for the production of biopharmaceuticals including therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), but the immunogenicity concerns associated with plant-specific N-glycans attached in plant-based biopharmaceuticals has not been completely solved. To eliminate all plant-specific N-glycan structure, eight genes involved in plant-specific N-glycosylation were mutated in rice (Oryza sativa) using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The glycoengineered cell lines, PhytoRice®, contained a predominant GnGn (G0) glycoform. The gene for codon-optimized trastuzumab (TMab) was then introduced into PhytoRice® through Agrobacterium co-cultivation. Selected cell lines were suspension cultured, and TMab secreted from cells was purified from the cultured media. The amino acid sequence of the TMab produced by PhytoRice® (P-TMab) was identical to that of TMab. The inhibitory effect of P-TMab on the proliferation of the BT-474 cancer cell line was significantly enhanced at concentrations above 1 μg/mL (****P < 0.0001). P-TMab bound to a FcγRIIIa variant, FcγRIIIa-F158, more than 2.7 times more effectively than TMab. The ADCC efficacy of P-TMab against Jurkat cells was 2.6 times higher than that of TMab in an in vitro ADCC assay. Furthermore, P-TMab demonstrated efficient tumour uptake with less liver uptake compared to TMab in a xenograft assay using the BT-474 mouse model. These results suggest that the glycoengineered PhytoRice® could be an alternative platform for mAb production compared to current CHO cells, and P-TMab has a novel and enhanced efficacy compared to TMab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hye Shin
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
- PhytoMab Co. Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sera Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chanhong Min
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Hilal Begum
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gap Ryol Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Bin Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Hotung Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Julian K-C Ma
- Hotung Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Ho-Shin Gwak
- National Cancer Center Korea, Goyang-si, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Ryong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
- PhytoMab Co. Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
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3
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Gilormini PA, Thota VN, Fers-Lidou A, Ashmus RA, Nodwell M, Brockerman J, Kuo CW, Wang Y, Gray TE, Nitin, McDonagh AW, Guu SY, Ertunc N, Yeo D, Zandberg WF, Khoo KH, Britton R, Vocadlo DJ. A metabolic inhibitor blocks cellular fucosylation and enables production of afucosylated antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314026121. [PMID: 38917011 PMCID: PMC11228515 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314026121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The fucosylation of glycoproteins regulates diverse physiological processes. Inhibitors that can control cellular levels of protein fucosylation have consequently emerged as being of high interest. One area where inhibitors of fucosylation have gained significant attention is in the production of afucosylated antibodies, which exhibit superior antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity as compared to their fucosylated counterparts. Here, we describe β-carbafucose, a fucose derivative in which the endocyclic ring oxygen is replaced by a methylene group, and show that it acts as a potent metabolic inhibitor within cells to antagonize protein fucosylation. β-carbafucose is assimilated by the fucose salvage pathway to form GDP-carbafucose which, due to its being unable to form the oxocarbenium ion-like transition states used by fucosyltransferases, is an incompetent substrate for these enzymes. β-carbafucose treatment of a CHO cell line used for high-level production of the therapeutic antibody Herceptin leads to dose-dependent reductions in core fucosylation without affecting cell growth or antibody production. Mass spectrometry analyses of the intact antibody and N-glycans show that β-carbafucose is not incorporated into the antibody N-glycans at detectable levels. We expect that β-carbafucose will serve as a useful research tool for the community and may find immediate application for the rapid production of afucosylated antibodies for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anthony Fers-Lidou
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Roger A Ashmus
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Matthew Nodwell
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jacob Brockerman
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Chu-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Taylor E Gray
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Nitin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Anthony W McDonagh
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Shih-Yun Guu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Nursah Ertunc
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | | | - Wesley F Zandberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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4
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Meudt M, Baumeister J, Mizaikoff B, Ebert S, Rosenau F, Blech M, Higel F. Comprehensive analysis and characterization of glycan pairing in therapeutic antibodies and Fc-containing biotherapeutics: Addressing current limitations and implications for N-glycan impact. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 200:114325. [PMID: 38759899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
N-glycosylation of the Fc part is a (critical) quality attribute of therapeutic antibodies and Fc-containing biotherapeutics, that impacts their stability, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and effector functions. Current glycosylation analysis methods focus on the absolute amounts of glycans, neglecting the apparent glycan distribution over the entirety of proteins. The combination of the two Fc N-glycans, herein referred to as glyco-pair, therefore remains unknown, which is a major drawback for N-glycan impact assessment. This study presents a comprehensive workflow for the analysis and characterization of Fc N-glycan pairing in biotherapeutics, addressing the limitations of current glycosylation analysis methods. The applicability of the method across various biotherapeutic proteins including antibodies, bispecific antibody formats, and a Fc-Fusion protein is demonstrated, and the impact of method conditions on glycan pairing analysis is highlighted. Moreover, the influence of the molecular format, Fc backbone, production process, and cell line on glycan pairing pattern was investigated. The results underscore the significance of comprehensive glycan pairing analysis to accurately assess the impact of N-glycans on important product quality attributes of therapeutic antibodies and Fc-containing biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Meudt
- Analytical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany; Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Baumeister
- Analytical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sybille Ebert
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Sciences, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Frank Rosenau
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michaela Blech
- Analytical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Fabian Higel
- Global CMC Experts NBE, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
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5
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Hsieh YC, Guan HH, Lin CC, Huang TY, Chuankhayan P, Chen NC, Wang NH, Hu PL, Tsai YC, Huang YC, Yoshimura M, Lin PJ, Hsieh YH, Chen CJ. Structure-Based High-Efficiency Homogeneous Antibody Platform by Endoglycosidase Sz Provides Insights into Its Transglycosylation Mechanism. JACS AU 2024; 4:2130-2150. [PMID: 38938812 PMCID: PMC11200250 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have gradually dominated the drug markets for various diseases. Improvement of the therapeutic activities of mAbs has become a critical issue in the pharmaceutical industry. A novel endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, EndoSz, from Streptococcus equisubsp. zooepidemicus Sz105 is discovered and applied to enhance the activities of mAbs. Our studies demonstrate that the mutant EndoSz-D234M possesses an excellent transglycosylation activity to generate diverse glycoconjugates on mAbs. We prove that EndoSz-D234M can be applied to various marketed therapeutic antibodies and those in development for antibody remodeling. The remodeled homogeneous antibodies (mAb-G2S2) produced by EndoSz-D234M increase the relative ADCC activities by 3-26-fold. We further report the high-resolution crystal structures of EndoSz-D234M in the apo-form at 2.15 Å and the complex form with a bound G2S2-oxazoline intermediate at 2.25 Å. A novel pH-jump method was utilized to obtain the complex structure with a high resolution. The detailed interactions of EndoSz-D234M and the carried G2S2-oxazoline are hence delineated. The oxazoline sits in a hole, named the oxa-hole, which stabilizes the G2S2-oxazoline in transit and catalyzes the further transglycosylation reaction while targeting Asn-GlcNAc (+1) of Fc. In the oxa-hole, the H-bonding network involved with oxazoline dominates the transglycosylation activity. A mobile loop2 (a.a. 152-159) of EndoSz-D234M reshapes the binding grooves for the accommodation of G2S2-oxazoline upon binding, at which Trp154 forms a hydrogen bond with Man (-2). The long loop4 (a.a. 236-248) followed by helix3 is capable of dominating the substrate selectivity of EndoSz-D234M. In addition, the stepwise transglycosylation behavior of EndoSz-D234M is elucidated. Based on the high-resolution structures of the apo-form and the bound form with G2S2-oxazoline as well as a systematic mutagenesis study of the relative transglycosylation activity, the transglycosylation mechanism of EndoSz-D234M is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Cheng Hsieh
- OBI
Pharma, Inc., No. 508, Sec. 7, ZhongXiao E. Rd, Nangang Dist., Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Hsiang Guan
- Life
Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101, Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Lin
- Life
Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101, Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Yi Huang
- OBI
Pharma, Inc., No. 508, Sec. 7, ZhongXiao E. Rd, Nangang Dist., Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - Phimonphan Chuankhayan
- Life
Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101, Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chi Chen
- Life
Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101, Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Hsuan Wang
- OBI
Pharma, Inc., No. 508, Sec. 7, ZhongXiao E. Rd, Nangang Dist., Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - Pu-Ling Hu
- OBI
Pharma, Inc., No. 508, Sec. 7, ZhongXiao E. Rd, Nangang Dist., Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chien Tsai
- OBI
Pharma, Inc., No. 508, Sec. 7, ZhongXiao E. Rd, Nangang Dist., Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chieh Huang
- Life
Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101, Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Masato Yoshimura
- Life
Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101, Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Lin
- Life
Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101, Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Huang Hsieh
- OBI
Pharma, Inc., No. 508, Sec. 7, ZhongXiao E. Rd, Nangang Dist., Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Life
Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101, Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biotechnology and industry Science, and University Center for Bioscience
and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- Department
of Biological Science and Technology, National
Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
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6
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Schlossbauer P, Naumann L, Klingler F, Burkhart M, Handrick R, Korff K, Neusüß C, Otte K, Hesse F. Stable overexpression of native and artificial miRNAs for the production of differentially fucosylated antibodies in CHO cells. Eng Life Sci 2024; 24:2300234. [PMID: 38845814 PMCID: PMC11151017 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell engineering strategies typically rely on energy-consuming overexpression of genes or radical gene-knock out. Both strategies are not particularly convenient for the generation of slightly modulated phenotypes, as needed in biosimilar development of for example differentially fucosylated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Recently, transiently transfected small noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs), known to be regulators of entire gene networks, have emerged as potent fucosylation modulators in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) production cells. Here, we demonstrate the applicability of stable miRNA overexpression in CHO production cells to adjust the fucosylation pattern of mAbs as a model phenotype. For this purpose, we applied a miRNA chaining strategy to achieve adjustability of fucosylation in stable cell pools. In addition, we were able to implement recently developed artificial miRNAs (amiRNAs) based on native miRNA sequences into a stable CHO expression system to even further fine-tune fucosylation regulation. Our results demonstrate the potential of miRNAs as a versatile tool to control mAb fucosylation in CHO production cells without adverse side effects on important process parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Schlossbauer
- Institute for Applied BiotechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences BiberachBiberachGermany
| | | | - Florian Klingler
- Institute for Applied BiotechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences BiberachBiberachGermany
| | - Madina Burkhart
- Institute for Applied BiotechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences BiberachBiberachGermany
| | - René Handrick
- Institute for Applied BiotechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences BiberachBiberachGermany
| | | | | | - Kerstin Otte
- Institute for Applied BiotechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences BiberachBiberachGermany
| | - Friedemann Hesse
- Institute for Applied BiotechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences BiberachBiberachGermany
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7
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Xu P, Ou YC, Smith M, Paulson J, Schmidt MA, Kandari L, Parsons R, Khetan A. Application of fucosylation inhibitors for production of afucosylated antibody. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3438. [PMID: 38415431 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Fucosylation is an important quality attribute for therapeutic antibodies. Afucosylated antibodies exhibit higher therapeutic efficacies than their fucosylated counterparts through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mechanism. Since higher potency is beneficial in reducing dose or duration of the treatment, afucosylated antibodies have attracted a great deal of interest in biotherapeutics development. In this study, novel small molecules GDP-D-Rhamnose and its derivatives (Ac-GDP-D-Rhamnose and rhamnose sodium phosphate) were synthesized to inhibit the enzyme in the GDP-fucose synthesis pathway. Addition of these compounds into cell culture increased antibody afucosylation levels in a dose-dependent manner and had no significant impact on other protein quality attributes. A novel and effective mechanism to generate afucosylated antibody is demonstrated for biologics discovery, analytical method development, process development, and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development & Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yu Chuan Ou
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development & Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael Smith
- Chemical Process Development, Global Product Development & Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jim Paulson
- Chemical Process Development, Global Product Development & Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael A Schmidt
- Chemical Process Development, Global Product Development & Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lakshmi Kandari
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development & Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rodney Parsons
- Chemical Process Development, Global Product Development & Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anurag Khetan
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development & Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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8
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Gaudreault J, Forest-Nault C, Gilbert M, Durocher Y, Henry O, De Crescenzo G. A low-temperature SPR-based assay for monoclonal antibody galactosylation and fucosylation assessment using FcγRIIA/B. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1659-1673. [PMID: 38351869 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are powerful therapeutic tools in modern medicine and represent a rapidly expanding multibillion USD market. While bioprocesses are generally well understood and optimized for MAbs, online quality control remains challenging. Notably, N-glycosylation is a critical quality attribute of MAbs as it affects binding to Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), impacting the efficacy and safety of MAbs. Traditional N-glycosylation characterization methods are ill-suited for online monitoring of a bioreactor; in contrast, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) represents a promising avenue, as SPR biosensors can record MAb-FcγR interactions in real-time and without labeling. In this study, we produced five lots of differentially glycosylated Trastuzumab (TZM) and finely characterized their glycosylation profile by HILIC-UPLC chromatography. We then compared the interaction kinetics of these MAb lots with four FcγRs including FcγRIIA and FcγRIIB at 5°C and 25°C. When interacting with FcγRIIA/B at low temperature, the differentially glycosylated MAb lots exhibited distinct kinetic behaviors, contrary to room-temperature experiments. Galactosylated TZM (1) and core fucosylated TZM (2) could be discriminated and even quantified using an analytical technique based on the area under the curve of the signal recorded during the dissociation phase of a SPR sensorgram describing the interaction with FcγRIIA (1) or FcγRII2B (2). Because of the rapidity of the proposed method (<5 min per measurement) and the small sample concentration it requires (as low as 30 nM, exact concentration not required), it could be a valuable process analytical technology for MAb glycosylation monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Gaudreault
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Michel Gilbert
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Henry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gregory De Crescenzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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9
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Eisenhut P, Marx N, Borsi G, Papež M, Ruggeri C, Baumann M, Borth N. Manipulating gene expression levels in mammalian cell factories: An outline of synthetic molecular toolboxes to achieve multiplexed control. N Biotechnol 2024; 79:1-19. [PMID: 38040288 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells have developed dedicated molecular mechanisms to tightly control expression levels of their genes where the specific transcriptomic signature across all genes eventually determines the cell's phenotype. Modulating cellular phenotypes is of major interest to study their role in disease or to reprogram cells for the manufacturing of recombinant products, such as biopharmaceuticals. Cells of mammalian origin, for example Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells, are most commonly employed to produce therapeutic proteins. Early genetic engineering approaches to alter their phenotype have often been attempted by "uncontrolled" overexpression or knock-down/-out of specific genetic factors. Many studies in the past years, however, highlight that rationally regulating and fine-tuning the strength of overexpression or knock-down to an optimum level, can adjust phenotypic traits with much more precision than such "uncontrolled" approaches. To this end, synthetic biology tools have been generated that enable (fine-)tunable and/or inducible control of gene expression. In this review, we discuss various molecular tools used in mammalian cell lines and group them by their mode of action: transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational and post-translational regulation. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using these tools for each cell regulatory layer and with respect to cell line engineering approaches. This review highlights the plethora of synthetic toolboxes that could be employed, alone or in combination, to optimize cellular systems and eventually gain enhanced control over the cellular phenotype to equip mammalian cell factories with the tools required for efficient production of emerging, more difficult-to-express biologics formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Eisenhut
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib GmbH), Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas Marx
- BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Giulia Borsi
- BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maja Papež
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib GmbH), Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Caterina Ruggeri
- BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Baumann
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib GmbH), Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib GmbH), Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Majumdar S, Desai R, Hans A, Dandekar P, Jain R. From Efficiency to Yield: Exploring Recent Advances in CHO Cell Line Development for Monoclonal Antibodies. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01060-6. [PMID: 38363529 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The increasing demand for biosimilar monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has prompted the development of stable high-producing cell lines while simultaneously decreasing the time required for screening. Existing platforms have proven inefficient, resulting in inconsistencies in yields, growth characteristics, and quality features in the final mAb products. Selecting a suitable expression host, designing an effective gene expression system, developing a streamlined cell line generation approach, optimizing culture conditions, and defining scaling-up and purification strategies are all critical steps in the production of recombinant proteins, particularly monoclonal antibodies, in mammalian cells. As a result, an active area of study is dedicated to expression and optimizing recombinant protein production. This review explores recent breakthroughs and approaches targeted at accelerating cell line development to attain efficiency and consistency in the synthesis of therapeutic proteins, specifically monoclonal antibodies. The primary goal is to bridge the gap between rising demand and consistent, high-quality mAb production, thereby benefiting the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmishta Majumdar
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Ranjeet Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Aakarsh Hans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India.
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India.
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11
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Kaneko MK, Suzuki H, Ohishi T, Nakamura T, Tanaka T, Kato Y. A Cancer-Specific Monoclonal Antibody against HER2 Exerts Antitumor Activities in Human Breast Cancer Xenograft Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1941. [PMID: 38339219 PMCID: PMC10856767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based and/or cell-based immunotherapies provide innovative approaches to cancer treatments. However, safety concerns over targeting normal cells expressing reactive antigens still exist. Therefore, the development of cancer-specific mAbs (CasMabs) that recognize cancer-specific antigens with in vivo antitumor efficacy is required to minimize the adverse effects. We previously screened anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) mAbs and successfully established a cancer-specific anti-HER2 mAb, H2Mab-250/H2CasMab-2 (IgG1, kappa). In this study, we showed that H2Mab-250 reacted with HER2-positive breast cancer cells but did not show reactivity to normal epithelial cells in flow cytometry. In contrast, a clinically approved anti-HER2 mAb, trastuzumab, recognized both breast cancer and normal epithelial cells. We further compared the affinity, effector activation, and antitumor effect of H2Mab-250 with trastuzumab. The results showed that H2Mab-250 exerted a comparable antitumor effect with trastuzumab in the mouse xenograft models of BT-474 and SK-BR-3, although H2Mab-250 possessed a lower affinity and effector activation than trastuzumab in vitro. H2Mab-250 could contribute to the development of chimeric antigen receptor-T or antibody-drug conjugates without adverse effects for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.K.K.); (H.S.); (T.N.); (T.T.)
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.K.K.); (H.S.); (T.N.); (T.T.)
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu 410-0301, Japan;
- Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.K.K.); (H.S.); (T.N.); (T.T.)
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.K.K.); (H.S.); (T.N.); (T.T.)
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.K.K.); (H.S.); (T.N.); (T.T.)
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12
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Liu Z, Zou X, Tang F, Huang W. Recent advances in antibody glycoengineering for the gain of functions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 78:102420. [PMID: 38168590 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Glycans play important roles in antibody functions, and antibody glycoengineering has long been an important research field. Here, we summarize the significant strategies of antibody glycoengineering, including expressed antibody glycoengineering in mammalian cell expression systems, chemo-enzymatic antibody glycoengineering, and yeast expression system-based antibody engineering, as well as the applications of glycoengineering in antibody-drug conjugates. These advances in antibody glycoengineering will provide a comprehensive understanding and inspire us to develop more advanced techniques to achieve glycoengineered antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200031, China; School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiangman Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200031, China; School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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13
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Ren J, Liao X, Lewis JM, Chang J, Qu R, Carlson KR, Foss F, Girardi M. Generation and optimization of off-the-shelf immunotherapeutics targeting TCR-Vβ2+ T cell malignancy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:519. [PMID: 38225288 PMCID: PMC10789731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for T cell malignancies encounter issues of disease relapse and off-target toxicity. Using T cell receptor (TCR)Vβ2 as a model, here we demonstrate the rapid generation of an off-the-shelf allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T platform targeting the clone-specific TCR Vβ chain for malignant T cell killing while limiting normal cell destruction. Healthy donor T cells undergo CRISPR-induced TRAC, B2M and CIITA knockout to eliminate T cell-dependent graft-versus-host and host-versus-graft reactivity. Second generation 4-1BB/CD3zeta CAR containing high affinity humanized anti-Vβ scFv is expressed efficiently on donor T cells via both lentivirus and adeno-associated virus transduction with limited detectable pre-existing immunoreactivity. Our optimized CAR-T cells demonstrate specific and persistent killing of Vβ2+ Jurkat cells and Vβ2+ patient derived malignant T cells, in vitro and in vivo, without affecting normal T cells. In parallel, we generate humanized anti-Vβ2 antibody with enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by Fc-engineering for NK cell ADCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Xiaofeng Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Julia M Lewis
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jungsoo Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rihao Qu
- The Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kacie R Carlson
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Francine Foss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Girardi
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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14
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Damelang T, Brinkhaus M, van Osch TLJ, Schuurman J, Labrijn AF, Rispens T, Vidarsson G. Impact of structural modifications of IgG antibodies on effector functions. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1304365. [PMID: 38259472 PMCID: PMC10800522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1304365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are a critical component of the adaptive immune system, binding to and neutralizing pathogens and other foreign substances. Recent advances in molecular antibody biology and structural protein engineering enabled the modification of IgG antibodies to enhance their therapeutic potential. This review summarizes recent progress in both natural and engineered structural modifications of IgG antibodies, including allotypic variation, glycosylation, Fc engineering, and Fc gamma receptor binding optimization. We discuss the functional consequences of these modifications to highlight their potential for therapeutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Damelang
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Brinkhaus
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thijs L. J. van Osch
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Janine Schuurman
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aran F. Labrijn
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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15
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Wang Q, Aliyu L, Chung CY, Rosenberg JN, Yu G, Betenbaugh MJ. Application of the CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing Method for Modulating Antibody Fucosylation in CHO Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2810:249-271. [PMID: 38926284 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3878-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Genetic engineering plays an essential role in the development of cell lines for biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Advanced gene editing tools can improve both the productivity of recombinant cell lines as well as the quality of therapeutic antibodies. Antibody glycosylation is a critical quality attribute for therapeutic biologics because the glycan patterns on the antibody fragment crystallizable (Fc) region can alter its clinical efficacy and safety as a therapeutic drug. As an example, recombinant antibodies derived from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are generally highly fucosylated; the absence of α1,6-fucose significantly enhances antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against cancer cells. This chapter describes a protocol applying clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) approach with different formats to disrupt the α-1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) gene and subsequently inhibit α-1,6 fucosylation on antibodies expressed in CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lateef Aliyu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cheng-Yu Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julian N Rosenberg
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Geng Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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16
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You M, Chen F, Yu C, Chen Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Guo X, Zhou B, Wang X, Zhang B, Fang M, Zhang T, Yue P, Wang Y, Yuan Q, Luo W. A glycoengineered therapeutic anti-HBV antibody that allows increased HBsAg immunoclearance improves HBV suppression in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1213726. [PMID: 38205373 PMCID: PMC10777313 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1213726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The effective and persistent suppression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in patients with chronic HBV infection (CHB) is considered to be a promising approach to achieve a functional cure of hepatitis B. In our previous study, we found that the antibody E6F6 can clear HBsAg through FcγR-mediated phagocytosis, and its humanized form (huE6F6 antibody) is expected to be a new tool for the treatment of CHB. Previous studies have shown that the glycosylation of Fc segments affects the binding of antibodies to FcγR and thus affects the biological activity of antibodies in vivo. Methods: To further improve the therapeutic potential of huE6F6, in this study, we defucosylated huE6F6 (huE6F6-fuc-), preliminarily explored the developability of this molecule, and studied the therapeutic potential of this molecule and its underlying mechanism in vitro and in vivo models. Results: huE6F6-fuc- has desirable physicochemical properties. Compared with huE6F6-wt, huE6F6-fuc- administration resulted in a stronger viral clearance in vivo. Meanwhile, huE6F6-fuc- keep a similar neutralization activity and binding activity to huE6F6-wt in vitro. Immunological analyses suggested that huE6F6-fuc- exhibited enhanced binding to hCD32b and hCD16b, which mainly contributed to its enhanced therapeutic activity in vivo. Conclusions: In summary, the huE6F6-fuc- molecule that was developed in this study, which has desirable developability, can clear HBsAg more efficiently in vivo, providing a promising treatment for CHB patients. Our study provides new guidance for antibody engineering in other disease fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min You
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fentian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuanzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xueran Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mujin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
| | - Tianying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
| | - Ping Yue
- School of Biology and Engineering (School of Health Medicine Modern Industry), Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center in University of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yingbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
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17
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Suzuki H, Ohishi T, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. A Humanized and Defucosylated Antibody against Podoplanin (humLpMab-23-f) Exerts Antitumor Activities in Human Lung Cancer and Glioblastoma Xenograft Models. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5080. [PMID: 37894446 PMCID: PMC10605305 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A cancer-specific anti-PDPN mAb, LpMab-23 (mouse IgG1, kappa), was established in our previous study. We herein produced a humanized IgG1 version (humLpMab-23) and defucosylated form (humLpMab-23-f) of an anti-PDPN mAb to increase ADCC activity. humLpMab-23 recognized PDPN-overexpressed Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 (CHO/PDPN), PDPN-positive PC-10 (human lung squamous cell carcinoma), and LN319 (human glioblastoma) cells via flow cytometry. We then demonstrated that humLpMab-23-f induced ADCC and complement-dependent cytotoxicity against CHO/PDPN, PC-10, and LN319 cells in vitro and exerted high antitumor activity in mouse xenograft models, indicating that humLpMab-23-f could be useful as an antibody therapy against PDPN-positive lung squamous cell carcinomas and glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan;
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu-shi 410-0301, Shizuoka, Japan;
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Laboratory of Oncology, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan;
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan;
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
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18
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Kiyoshi M, Nakakido M, Rafique A, Tada M, Aoyama M, Terao Y, Nagatoishi S, Shibata H, Ide T, Tsumoto K, Ito Y, Ishii-Watabe A. Specific peptide conjugation to a therapeutic antibody leads to enhanced therapeutic potency and thermal stability by reduced Fc dynamics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16561. [PMID: 37783706 PMCID: PMC10545826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates are powerful tools for combatting a wide array of cancers. Drug conjugation to a therapeutic antibody often alters molecular characteristics, such as hydrophobicity and effector function, resulting in quality deterioration. To develop a drug conjugation methodology that maintains the molecular characteristics of the antibody, we engineered a specific peptide for conjugation to the Fc region. We used trastuzumab and the chelator (DOTA) as model antibody and payload, respectively. Interestingly, peptide/DOTA-conjugated trastuzumab exhibited enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and increased thermal stability. Detailed structural and thermodynamic analysis clarified that the conjugated peptide blocks the Fc dynamics like a "wedge." We revealed that (1) decreased molecular entropy results in enhanced ADCC, and (2) blockade of Fc denaturation results in increased thermal stability. Thus, we believe that our methodology is superior not only for drug conjugation but also as for reinforcing therapeutic antibodies to enhance ADCC and thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kiyoshi
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Makoto Nakakido
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Abdur Rafique
- Chemistry Program, Department of Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Minoru Tada
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michihiko Aoyama
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Shibata
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Ito
- Chemistry Program, Department of Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Akiko Ishii-Watabe
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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19
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García-Alija M, van Moer B, Sastre DE, Azzam T, Du JJ, Trastoy B, Callewaert N, Sundberg EJ, Guerin ME. Modulating antibody effector functions by Fc glycoengineering. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108201. [PMID: 37336296 PMCID: PMC11027751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Antibody based drugs, including IgG monoclonal antibodies, are an expanding class of therapeutics widely employed to treat cancer, autoimmune and infectious diseases. IgG antibodies have a conserved N-glycosylation site at Asn297 that bears complex type N-glycans which, along with other less conserved N- and O-glycosylation sites, fine-tune effector functions, complement activation, and half-life of antibodies. Fucosylation, galactosylation, sialylation, bisection and mannosylation all generate glycoforms that interact in a specific manner with different cellular antibody receptors and are linked to a distinct functional profile. Antibodies, including those employed in clinical settings, are generated with a mixture of glycoforms attached to them, which has an impact on their efficacy, stability and effector functions. It is therefore of great interest to produce antibodies containing only tailored glycoforms with specific effects associated with them. To this end, several antibody engineering strategies have been developed, including the usage of engineered mammalian cell lines, in vitro and in vivo glycoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel García-Alija
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia 48903, Spain
| | - Berre van Moer
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Zwijnaarde, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium
| | - Diego E Sastre
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tala Azzam
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jonathan J Du
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Beatriz Trastoy
- Structural Glycoimmunology Laboratory, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, 48903, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Nico Callewaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Zwijnaarde, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium.
| | - Eric J Sundberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Marcelo E Guerin
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia 48903, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain.
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20
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Suzuki H, Ohishi T, Nanamiya R, Kawada M, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Defucosylated Monoclonal Antibody (H 2Mab-139-mG 2a-f) Exerted Antitumor Activities in Mouse Xenograft Models of Breast Cancers against Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7734-7748. [PMID: 37886932 PMCID: PMC10605610 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinically approved human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), trastuzumab, and pertuzumab, target domains IV and II, respectively. Trastuzumab is now the standard treatment for HER2-overexpressed breast and gastric cancers, and trastuzumab in combination with pertuzumab showed clinical benefit. However, there still exist patients who do not respond to the therapy. Furthermore, HER2 mutants that cannot be recognized by pertuzumab were found in tumors. Therefore, novel anti-HER2 mAbs and modalities have been desired. In our previous study, we developed a novel anti-HER2 domain I mAb, H2Mab-139 (mouse IgG1, kappa). We herein produced a defucosylated mouse IgG2a type of mAb against HER2 (H2Mab-139-mG2a-f) to enhance antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-mediated antitumor activity. H2Mab-139-mG2a-f exhibits a high binding affinity in flow cytometry with the dissociation constant (KD) determined to be 3.9 × 10-9 M and 7.7 × 10-9 M against HER2-overexpressed Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 (CHO/HER2) and HER2-positive BT-474 cells, respectively. Moreover, we showed that H2Mab-139-mG2a-f exerted ADCC and complement-dependent cytotoxicity against CHO/HER2 and BT-474 in vitro and exhibited potent antitumor activities in mouse xenograft models. These results indicated that H2Mab-139-mG2a-f exerts antitumor effects against HER2-positive human breast cancers and is useful as an antibody treatment for HER2-positive human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (R.N.); (M.K.K.)
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu-shi 410-0301, Japan;
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Laboratory of Oncology, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan;
| | - Ren Nanamiya
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (R.N.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Laboratory of Oncology, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan;
| | - Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (R.N.); (M.K.K.)
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (R.N.); (M.K.K.)
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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21
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Nguyen NTB, Leung HW, Pang KT, Tay SJ, Walsh I, Choo ABH, Yang Y. Optimizing effector functions of monoclonal antibodies via tailored N-glycan engineering using a dual landing pad CHO targeted integration platform. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15620. [PMID: 37731040 PMCID: PMC10511539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) eliminate cancer cells via various effector mechanisms including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), which are influenced by the N-glycan structures on the Fc region of mAbs. Manipulating these glycan structures on mAbs allows for optimization of therapeutic benefits associated with effector functions. Traditional approaches such as gene deletion or overexpression often lead to only all-or-nothing changes in gene expression and fail to modulate the expression of multiple genes at defined ratios and levels. In this work, we have developed a CHO cell engineering platform enabling modulation of multiple gene expression to tailor the N-glycan profiles of mAbs for enhanced effector functions. Our platform involves a CHO targeted integration platform with two independent landing pads, allowing expression of multiple genes at two pre-determined genomic sites. By combining with internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-based polycistronic vectors, we simultaneously modulated the expression of α-mannosidase II (MANII) and chimeric β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase III (cGNTIII) genes in CHO cells. This strategy enabled the production of mAbs carrying N-glycans with various levels of bisecting and non-fucosylated structures. Importantly, these engineered mAbs exhibited different degrees of effector cell activation and CDC, facilitating the identification of mAbs with optimal effector functions. This platform was demonstrated as a powerful tool for producing antibody therapeutics with tailored effector functions via precise engineering of N-glycan profiles. It holds promise for advancing the field of metabolic engineering in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan T B Nguyen
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Hau Wan Leung
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Kuin Tian Pang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Shi Jie Tay
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Ian Walsh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Andre B H Choo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Yuansheng Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore.
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22
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Leitner K, Motheramgari K, Borth N, Marx N. Nanopore Cas9-targeted sequencing enables accurate and simultaneous identification of transgene integration sites, their structure and epigenetic status in recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:2403-2418. [PMID: 36938677 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
The integration of a transgene expression construct into the host genome is the initial step for the generation of recombinant cell lines used for biopharmaceutical production. The stability and level of recombinant gene expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) can be correlated to the copy number, its integration site as well as the epigenetic context of the transgene vector. Also, undesired integration events, such as concatemers, truncated, and inverted vector repeats, are impacting the stability of recombinant cell lines. Thus, to characterize cell clones and to isolate the most promising candidates, it is crucial to obtain information on the site of integration, the structure of integrated sequence and the epigenetic status. Current sequencing techniques allow to gather this information separately but do not offer a comprehensive and simultaneous resolution. In this study, we present a fast and robust nanopore Cas9-targeted sequencing (nCats) pipeline to identify integration sites, the composition of the integrated sequence as well as its DNA methylation status in CHO cells that can be obtained simultaneously from the same sequencing run. A Cas9-enrichment step during library preparation enables targeted and directional nanopore sequencing with up to 724× median on-target coverage and up to 153 kb long reads. The data generated by nCats provides sensitive, detailed, and correct information on the transgene integration sites and the expression vector structure, which could only be partly produced by traditional Targeted Locus Amplification-seq data. Moreover, with nCats the DNA methylation status can be analyzed from the same raw data without prior DNA amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Leitner
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nicole Borth
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas Marx
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Glinšek K, Bozovičar K, Bratkovič T. CRISPR Technologies in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Line Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098144. [PMID: 37175850 PMCID: PMC10179654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line is a well-established platform for the production of biopharmaceuticals due to its ability to express complex therapeutic proteins with human-like glycopatterns in high amounts. The advent of CRISPR technology has opened up new avenues for the engineering of CHO cell lines for improved protein production and enhanced product quality. This review summarizes recent advances in the application of CRISPR technology for CHO cell line engineering with a particular focus on glycosylation modulation, productivity enhancement, tackling adventitious agents, elimination of problematic host cell proteins, development of antibiotic-free selection systems, site-specific transgene integration, and CRISPR-mediated gene activation and repression. The review highlights the potential of CRISPR technology in CHO cell line genome editing and epigenetic engineering for the more efficient and cost-effective development of biopharmaceuticals while ensuring the safety and quality of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Glinšek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Krištof Bozovičar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Bratkovič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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24
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Matsumoto Y, Jia N, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Cummings RD. Targeting Tn-positive tumors with an afucosylated recombinant anti-Tn IgG. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5027. [PMID: 36977722 PMCID: PMC10050417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aberrant expression of the Tn antigen (CD175) on surface glycoproteins of human carcinomas is associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and poor survival. To target this antigen, we developed Remab6, a recombinant, human chimeric anti-Tn-specific monoclonal IgG. However, this antibody lacks antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) effector activity, due to core fucosylation of its N-glycans. Here we describe the generation of an afucosylated Remab6 (Remab6-AF) in HEK293 cells in which the FX gene is deleted (FXKO). These cells cannot synthesize GDP-fucose through the de novo pathway, and lack fucosylated glycans, although they can incorporate extracellularly-supplied fucose through their intact salvage pathway. Remab6-AF has strong ADCC activity against Tn+ colorectal and breast cancer cell lines in vitro, and is effective in reducing tumor size in an in vivo xenotransplant mouse model. Thus, Remab6-AF should be considered as a potential therapeutic anti-tumor antibody against Tn+ tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLS-11090, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nan Jia
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLS-11090, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLS-11090, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLS-11090, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, CLS 11087, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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25
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Klingler F, Naumann L, Schlossbauer P, Dreyer L, Burkhart M, Handrick R, Junker HD, Hesse F, Neusüß C, Otte K. A novel system for glycosylation engineering by natural and artificial miRNAs. Metab Eng 2023; 77:53-63. [PMID: 36906118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation is a crucial post-translational modification of many biopharmaceuticals, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), capable of modifying their biological effect in patients and thus considered as a critical quality attribute (CQA). However, expression of desired and consistent glycosylation patterns remains a constant challenge for the biopharmaceutical industry and constitutes the need for tools to engineer glycosylation. Small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) are known regulators of entire gene networks and have therefore the potential of being used as tools for modulation of glycosylation pathways and for glycoengineering. Here, we demonstrate that novel identified natural miRNAs are capable of altering N-linked glycosylation patterns on mAbs expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We established a workflow for a functional high-throughput screening of a complete miRNA mimic library and identified 82 miRNA sequences affecting various moieties including galactosylation, sialylation, and α-1,6 linked core-fucosylation, an important glycan feature influencing antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC). Subsequent validation shed light on the intra-cellular mode of action and the impact on the cellular fucosylation pathway of miRNAs reducing core-fucosylation. While multiplex approaches increased phenotypic effects on the glycan structure, a synthetic biology approach utilizing rational design of artificial miRNAs further enhanced the potential of miRNAs as novel, versatile and tune-able tools for engineering of N-linked glycosylation pathways and expressed glycosylation patterns towards favourable phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Klingler
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany.
| | - Lukas Naumann
- Department of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany
| | - Patrick Schlossbauer
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany
| | - Leonard Dreyer
- Department of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany
| | - Madina Burkhart
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany
| | - René Handrick
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Junker
- Department of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany
| | - Friedemann Hesse
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany
| | - Christian Neusüß
- Department of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Otte
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany
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26
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Nakajima-Kato Y, Komai M, Yoshida T, Kanai A. A novel monoclonal antibody with improved FcγR blocking ability demonstrated non-inferior efficacy compared to IVIG in cynomolgus monkey ITP model at considerably lower dose. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 211:23-30. [PMID: 36480334 PMCID: PMC9993454 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a well-established treatment for various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, the standard dose prescribed for autoimmune diseases, including immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), is 2 g/kg, which is markedly high and leads to a high treatment burden. In this study, we generated fragment crystallizable (Fc)-modified anti-haptoglobin (Hp) monoclonal antibodies with non-inferior efficacy compared to IVIG at considerably lower doses than IVIG, as shown by in vitro experiments. We evaluated binding activity of anti-Hp antibodies to Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) with ELISA and inhibitory activity against the ADCC reaction. Furthermore, we successfully established a novel cynomolgus monkey ITP model and demonstrated that the anti-Hp antibody exerted its effect in this model with only a single dose. This Fc-modified anti-Hp monoclonal antibody could be a valuable therapeutic replacement for IVIG for the treatment of ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nakajima-Kato
- Correspondence: Yuko Nakajima-Kato, Biomedical Science Research Laboratories 2, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Masato Komai
- Biomedical Science Research Laboratories 2, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshida
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Kanai
- Biomedical Science Research Laboratories 1, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Japan
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27
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Saldanha M, Shelar A, Patil V, Warke VG, Dandekar P, Jain R. A case study: Correlation of the nutrient composition in Chinese Hamster Ovary cultures with cell growth, antibody titre and quality attributes using multivariate analyses for guiding medium and feed optimization in early upstream process development. Cytotechnology 2023; 75:77-91. [PMID: 36713064 PMCID: PMC9880107 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-022-00561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this case-study, we demonstrate an approach for identifying correlations between nutrients/metabolites in the spent medium of CHO cell cultures and cell growth, mAb titre and critical quality attributes, using multivariate analyses, which can aid in selection of targets for medium and feed optimization. An extensive LC-MS-based method was used to analyse the spent medium composition. Partial least squares (PLS) model was used to identify correlations between nutrient composition and cell growth and mAb titre and orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS) model was used to determine the effect of the changing nutrient composition during the culture on critical quality attributes. The PLS model revealed that the initial concentrations of several amino acids as well as pyruvic acid and pyridoxine, governed the early cell growth, while the concentrations of TCA cycle intermediates and several vitamins highly influenced the stationary phase, in which mAb production was maximum. For the first time, with the help of the OPLS model, we were able to draw correlations between nutrients/metabolites during the culture and critical quality attributes, for example, optimizing the supply of certain amino acids and vitamins could reduce impurities while simultaneously increasing desirable glycoforms. The unique correlations obtained from such an exploratory analysis, utilizing conditions that are commonly adopted in early process development, present opportunities for optimizing the compositions of the growth media and the feed media for enhancing cell growth, mAb production and quality, thereby proving to be a useful preliminary step in bioprocess optimization. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10616-022-00561-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Saldanha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019 India
| | - Ashutosh Shelar
- Shimadzu Analytical (India) Private Limited, Rushabh Chambers, Marol, Andheri East, Mumbai, 400059 India
| | - Vaibhav Patil
- Sartorius Stedim India Private Limited, No. 69/2 & 69/3, Jakkasandra, Nelamangala, Bangalore, 562123 India
| | - Vishal G. Warke
- Himedia Laboratories Private Limited, Plot No. C40, MIDC, Wagle Industrial Area, Thane, 400604 India
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019 India
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019 India
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28
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Li G, Suzuki H, Ohishi T, Asano T, Tanaka T, Yanaka M, Nakamura T, yoshikawa T, Kawada M, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Antitumor activities of a defucosylated anti‑EpCAM monoclonal antibody in colorectal carcinoma xenograft models. Int J Mol Med 2023; 51:18. [PMID: 36660940 PMCID: PMC9869728 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, which is highly expressed on tumor cells. As EpCAM plays a crucial role in cell adhesion, survival, proliferation, stemness, and tumorigenesis, it has been considered as a promising target for tumor diagnosis and therapy. Anti‑EpCAM monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been developed and have previously demonstrated promising outcomes in several clinical trials. An anti‑EpCAM mAb, EpMab‑37 (mouse IgG1, kappa) was previously developed by the authors, using the cell‑based immunization and screening method. In the present study, a defucosylated version of anti‑EpCAM mAb (EpMab‑37‑mG2a‑f) was generated to evaluate the antitumor activity against EpCAM‑positive cells. EpMab‑37‑mG2a‑f recognized EpCAM‑overexpressing CHO‑K1 (CHO/EpCAM) cells with a moderate binding‑affinity [dissociation constant (KD)=2.2x10‑8 M] using flow cytometry. EpMab‑37‑mG2a‑f exhibited potent antibody‑dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement‑dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) for CHO/EpCAM cells by murine splenocytes and complements, respectively. Furthermore, the administration of EpMab‑37‑mG2a‑f significantly suppressed CHO/EpCAM xenograft tumor development compared with the control mouse IgG. EpMab‑37‑mG2a‑f also exhibited a moderate binding‑affinity (KD=1.5x10‑8 M) and high ADCC and CDC activities for a colorectal cancer cell line (Caco‑2 cells). The administration of EpMab‑37‑mG2a‑f to Caco‑2 tumor‑bearing mice significantly suppressed tumor development compared with the control. By contrast, EpMab‑37‑mG2a‑f never suppressed the xenograft tumor growth of Caco‑2 cells in which EpCAM was knocked out. On the whole, these results indicate that EpMab‑37‑mG2a‑f may exert antitumor activities against EpCAM‑positive cancers and may thus be a promising therapeutic regimen for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjie Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan,Correspondence to: Dr Hiroyuki Suzuki or Dr Yukinari Kato, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan, E-mail: , E-mail:
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan
| | - Teizo Asano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Miyuki Yanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takeo yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan
| | - Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan,Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan,Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan,Correspondence to: Dr Hiroyuki Suzuki or Dr Yukinari Kato, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan, E-mail: , E-mail:
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Zhong X, Schenk J, Sakorafas P, Chamberland J, Tam A, Thomas LM, Yan G, D' Antona AM, Lin L, Nocula-Lugowska M, Zhang Y, Sousa E, Cohen J, Gu L, Abel M, Donahue J, Lim S, Meade C, Zhou J, Riegel L, Birch A, Fennell BJ, Franklin E, Gomes JM, Tzvetkova B, Scarcelli JJ. Impacts of fast production of afucosylated antibodies and Fc mutants in ExpiCHO-S™ for enhancing FcγRIIIa binding and NK cell activation. J Biotechnol 2022; 360:79-91. [PMID: 36341973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study has employed mammalian transient expression systems to generate afucosylated antibodies and antibody Fc mutants for rapid candidate screening in discovery and early development. While chemical treatment with the fucose analogue 2-fluoro-peracetyl-fucose during transient expression only partially produced antibodies with afucosylated N-glycans, the genetic inactivation of the FUT8 gene in ExpiCHO-S™ by CRISPR/Cas9 enabled the transient production of fully afucosylated antibodies. Human IgG1 and murine IgG2a generated by the ExpiCHOfut8KO cell line possessed a 8-to-11-fold enhanced FcγRIIIa binding activity in comparison with those produced by ExpiCHO-S™. The Fc mutant S239D/S298A/I332E produced by ExpiCHO-S™ had an approximate 2-fold higher FcγRIIIa affinity than that of the afucosylated wildtype molecule, although it displayed significantly lower thermal-stability. When the Fc mutant was produced in the ExpiCHOfut8KO cell line, the resulting afucosylated Fc mutant antibody had an additional approximate 6-fold increase in FcγRIIIa binding affinity. This synergistic effect between afucosylation and the Fc mutations was further verified by a natural killer (NK) cell activation assay. Together, these results have not only established an efficient large-scale transient CHO system for rapid production of afucosylated antibodies, but also confirmed a cooperative impact between afucosylation and Fc mutations on FcγRIIIa binding and NK cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhong
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Jennifer Schenk
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Paul Sakorafas
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - John Chamberland
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Amy Tam
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - L Michael Thomas
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Grace Yan
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aaron M D' Antona
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Laura Lin
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Yan Zhang
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eric Sousa
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Justin Cohen
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ling Gu
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Molica Abel
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jacob Donahue
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sean Lim
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Caryl Meade
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Logan Riegel
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alex Birch
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian J Fennell
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Grange Castle, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edward Franklin
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Grange Castle, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jose M Gomes
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Boriana Tzvetkova
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - John J Scarcelli
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA.
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30
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Ghanam AR, Ke S, Wang S, Elgendy R, Xie C, Wang S, Zhang R, Wei M, Liu W, Cao J, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Xue T, Zheng Y, Song X. Alternative transcribed 3' isoform of long non-coding RNA Malat1 inhibits mouse retinal oxidative stress. iScience 2022; 26:105740. [PMID: 36594014 PMCID: PMC9804114 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of the cancer-associated lncRNA Malat1 during aging is as-of-yet uncharacterized. Here, we show that Malat1 interacts with Nucleophosmin (NPM) in young mouse brain, and with Lamin A/C, hnRNP C, and KAP1 with age. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR reveal a persistent expression of Malat1_2 (the 3'isoform of Malat1) in Malat1Δ1 (5'-1.5 kb deletion) mouse retinas and brains at 1/4th level of the full-length Malat1, while Malat1_1 (the 5'isoform) in Malat1Δ2 (deletion of 3'-conserved 5.7 kb) at a much lower level, suggesting an internal promoter driving the 3' isoform. The 1774 and 496 differentially expressed genes in Malat1Δ2 and Malat1Δ1 brains, respectively, suggest the 3' isoform regulates gene expression in trans and the 5' isoform in cis. Consistently, Malat1Δ2 mice show increased age-dependent retinal oxidative stress and corneal opacity, while Malat1Δ1 mice show no obvious phenotype. Collectively, this study reveals a physiological function of the lncRNA Malat1 3'-isoform during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr. R. Ghanam
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shengwei Ke
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China,Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ramy Elgendy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Chenyao Xie
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Min Wei
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Weiguang Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Tian Xue
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China,Corresponding author
| | - Xiaoyuan Song
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China,Corresponding author
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31
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Donaldson J, Kleinjan DJ, Rosser S. Synthetic biology approaches for dynamic CHO cell engineering. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102806. [PMID: 36194920 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fed-batch culture of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells remains the most commonly used method for producing biopharmaceuticals. Static CHO cell-line engineering approaches have incrementally improved productivity, growth and product quality through permanent knockout of genes with a negative impact on production, or constitutive overexpression of genes with a positive impact. However, during fed-batch culture, conditions (such as nutrient availability) are continually changing. Therefore, traits that are most beneficial during early-phase culture (such as high growth rate) may be less desirable in late phase. Unlike with static approaches, dynamic cell line engineering strategies can optimise such traits by implementing synthetic sense-and-respond programmes. Here, we review emerging synthetic biology tools that can be used to build dynamic, self-regulating CHO cells, capable of detecting intra-/extracellular cues and generating user-defined responses tailored to the stage-specific needs of the production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Donaldson
- UK Centre for Mammalian Synthetic Biology at the Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dirk-Jan Kleinjan
- UK Centre for Mammalian Synthetic Biology at the Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan Rosser
- UK Centre for Mammalian Synthetic Biology at the Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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32
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A Defucosylated Anti-EpCAM Monoclonal Antibody (EpMab-37-mG 2a-f) Exerts Antitumor Activity in Xenograft Model. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11040074. [PMID: 36546899 PMCID: PMC9774109 DOI: 10.3390/antib11040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a stem cell and carcinoma antigen, which mediates cellular adhesion and proliferative signaling by the proteolytic cleavage. In contrast to low expression in normal epithelium, EpCAM is frequently overexpressed in various carcinomas, which correlates with poor prognosis. Therefore, EpCAM has been considered as a promising target for tumor diagnosis and therapy. Using the Cell-Based Immunization and Screening (CBIS) method, we previously established an anti-EpCAM monoclonal antibody (EpMab-37; mouse IgG1, kappa). In this study, we investigated the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and an antitumor activity by a defucosylated mouse IgG2a-type of EpMab-37 (EpMab-37-mG2a-f) against a breast cancer cell line (BT-474) and a pancreatic cancer cell line (Capan-2), both of which express EpCAM. EpMab-37-mG2a-f recognized BT-474 and Capan-2 cells with a moderate binding-affinity [apparent dissociation constant (KD): 2.9 × 10-8 M and 1.8 × 10-8 M, respectively] by flow cytometry. EpMab-37-mG2a-f exhibited ADCC and CDC for both cells by murine splenocytes and complements, respectively. Furthermore, administration of EpMab-37-mG2a-f significantly suppressed the xenograft tumor development compared with the control mouse IgG. These results indicated that EpMab-37-mG2a-f exerts antitumor activities and could provide valuable therapeutic regimen for breast and pancreatic cancers.
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Tateyama N, Suzuki H, Ohishi T, Asano T, Tanaka T, Mizuno T, Yoshikawa T, Kawada M, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Antitumor Activity of an Anti-EGFR/HER2 Bispecific Antibody in a Mouse Xenograft Model of Canine Osteosarcoma. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112494. [PMID: 36432687 PMCID: PMC9697293 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) has been reported in various human tumors, including breast, gastric, lung, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers. Humanized anti-EGFR and anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been shown to improve patients' survival. Canine tumors resemble human tumors in the initiation and progression. We previously established a defucosylated mouse-dog chimeric anti-EGFR mAb (E134Bf) and a mouse-dog chimeric anti-HER2 mAb (H77Bf), which exerted antitumor activities in canine tumor xenograft models. Here, we produced E134Bf antibody fused to H77Bf single chain Fv at the light chains (E134Bf-H77scFv). The bispecific E134Bf-H77scFv recognized dog EGFR (dEGFR) and dog HER2 (dHER2)-overexpressed Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells by flow cytometry. E134Bf-H77scFv also reacted with dEGFR/dHER2-positive canine osteosarcoma D-17 cells, and possesses a high binding-affinity (KD: 1.3 × 10-9 M). Furthermore, E134Bf-H77scFv exerted antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity against D-17 cells in the presence of canine mononuclear cells and complement, respectively. Moreover, administration of E134Bf-H77scFv suppressed the development of D-17 xenograft tumor in mice early compared with the control dog IgG, E134Bf and H77Bf alone. These results indicate that E134Bf-H77scFv exerts antitumor activities against dEGFR/dHER2-positive canine tumors, and could be a valuable treatment regimen for canine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Tateyama
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (Y.K.); Tel.: +81-22-717-8207 (H.S. & Y.K.)
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu-shi 410-0301, Shizuoka, Japan
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Laboratory of Oncology, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Teizo Asano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takuya Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1, Yoshida 753-8515, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Laboratory of Oncology, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (Y.K.); Tel.: +81-22-717-8207 (H.S. & Y.K.)
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Shivatare SS, Shivatare VS, Wong CH. Glycoconjugates: Synthesis, Functional Studies, and Therapeutic Developments. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15603-15671. [PMID: 36174107 PMCID: PMC9674437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are major constituents of mammalian cells that are formed via covalent conjugation of carbohydrates to other biomolecules like proteins and lipids and often expressed on the cell surfaces. Among the three major classes of glycoconjugates, proteoglycans and glycoproteins contain glycans linked to the protein backbone via amino acid residues such as Asn for N-linked glycans and Ser/Thr for O-linked glycans. In glycolipids, glycans are linked to a lipid component such as glycerol, polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate, fatty acid ester, or sphingolipid. Recently, glycoconjugates have become better structurally defined and biosynthetically understood, especially those associated with human diseases, and are accessible to new drug, diagnostic, and therapeutic developments. This review describes the status and new advances in the biological study and therapeutic applications of natural and synthetic glycoconjugates, including proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The scope, limitations, and novel methodologies in the synthesis and clinical development of glycoconjugates including vaccines, glyco-remodeled antibodies, glycan-based adjuvants, glycan-specific receptor-mediated drug delivery platforms, etc., and their future prospectus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Vidya S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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35
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Bheemareddy BR, Reddy PN, Vemparala K, Dirisala VR. Enhancement of effector functions of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody by increased afucosylation in CHO cell line through cell culture medium optimization. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:141. [PMID: 36194313 PMCID: PMC9532503 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Recombinant therapeutic anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) is used for the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, a common B cell lymphoma constituting 80% of all lymphomas. Anti-CD20 mAb contains an Fc-linked biantennary glycan. Although, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies are being increasingly used for immunotherapy, their efficacy is limited in a section of patients with drug resistance to immunotherapy. There is a need to improve the efficacy by increasing the effector functions, such as the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Results We developed a simple and cost-effective approach to enhance ADCC effector activity in an in-house developed clone of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody by increasing afucosylation in a new clone of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells using 8X uridine, manganese, and galactose (UMG) to modulate the osmolality of the medium. The purified anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody from 8X UMG-containing medium showed a 2-fold increase in afucose content and 203% ADCC activity in comparison to control antibody. Conclusions Our study reports enhanced ADCC activity by modulating afucosylation using osmolality by altering simple feed additives in the culture medium. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43141-022-00421-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala Reddy Bheemareddy
- R&D Division, Hetero Biopharma Limited, Jadcherla, Mahbubnagar, Telangana, 509301, India
| | - Prakash Narayana Reddy
- Microbiology Department, Dr. V.S. Krishna Government Degree College (Autonomous), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530013, India
| | - Kranthi Vemparala
- R&D Division, Hetero Biopharma Limited, Jadcherla, Mahbubnagar, Telangana, 509301, India
| | - Vijaya R Dirisala
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522213, India.
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36
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Gaudreault J, Durocher Y, Henry O, De Crescenzo G. Multi-temperature experiments to ease analysis of heterogeneous binder solutions by surface plasmon resonance biosensing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14401. [PMID: 36002549 PMCID: PMC9402583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensing is a well-established tool for the investigation of binding kinetics between a soluble species and an immobilized (bio)molecule. While robust and accurate data analysis techniques are readily available for single species, methods to exploit data collected with a solution containing multiple interactants are scarce. In a previous study, our group proposed two data analysis algorithms for (1) the precise and reliable identification of the kinetic parameters of N interactants present at different ratios in N mixtures and (2) the estimation of the composition of a given mixture, assuming that the kinetic parameters and the total concentration of all interactants are known. Here, we extend the first algorithm by reducing the number of necessary mixtures. This is achieved by conducting experiments at different temperatures. Through the Van't Hoff and Eyring equations, identifying the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of N binders becomes possible with M mixtures with M comprised between 2 and N and at least N/M temperatures. The second algorithm is improved by adding the total analyte concentration as a supplementary variable to be identified in an optimization routine. We validated our analysis framework experimentally with a system consisting of mixtures of low molecular weight drugs, each competing to bind to an immobilized protein. We believe that the analysis of mixtures and composition estimation could pave the way for SPR biosensing to become a bioprocess monitoring tool, on top of expanding its already substantial role in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Gaudreault
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Centre-Ville Station, P.O. Box 6079, Montreal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Life Sciences, NRC Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, Building Montreal-Royalmount, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Olivier Henry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Centre-Ville Station, P.O. Box 6079, Montreal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Gregory De Crescenzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Centre-Ville Station, P.O. Box 6079, Montreal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
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Board NL, Moskovljevic M, Wu F, Siliciano RF, Siliciano JD. Engaging innate immunity in HIV-1 cure strategies. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:499-512. [PMID: 34824401 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) can block multiple stages of the HIV-1 life cycle to prevent progression to AIDS in people living with HIV-1. However, owing to the persistence of a reservoir of latently infected CD4+ T cells, life-long ART is necessary to prevent viral rebound. One strategy currently under consideration for curing HIV-1 infection is known as 'shock and kill'. This strategy uses latency-reversing agents to induce expression of HIV-1 genes, allowing for infected cells to be cleared by cytolytic immune cells. The role of innate immunity in HIV-1 pathogenesis is best understood in the context of acute infection. Here, we suggest that innate immunity can also be used to improve the efficacy of HIV-1 cure strategies, with a particular focus on dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer cells. We discuss novel latency-reversing agents targeting DCs as well as DC-based strategies to enhance the clearance of infected cells by CD8+ T cells and strategies to improve the killing activity of natural killer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Board
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Milica Moskovljevic
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fengting Wu
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert F Siliciano
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Janet D Siliciano
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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38
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Puranik A, Saldanha M, Chirmule N, Dandekar P, Jain R. Advanced strategies in glycosylation prediction and control during biopharmaceutical development: Avenues toward Industry 4.0. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 38:e3283. [PMID: 35752935 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation has been shown to define the safety and efficacy of biopharmaceuticals, thus classified as a critical quality attribute. However, controlling glycan heterogeneity has always been a major challenge owing to the multi-variate factors that govern the glycosylation process. Conventional approaches for controlling glycosylation such as gene editing and metabolic control have succeeded in obtaining desired glycan profiles in accordance with the Quality by Design paradigm. Nonetheless, the development of smart algorithms and omics-enabled complete cell characterization have made it possible to predict glycan profiles beforehand, and manipulate process variables accordingly. This review thus discusses the various approaches available for control and prediction of glycosylation in biopharmaceuticals. Further, the futuristic goal of integrating such technologies is discussed in order to attain an automated and digitized continuous bioprocess for control of glycosylation. Given, control of a process as complex as glycosylation requires intense monitoring intervention, we examine the current technologies that enable automation. Finally, we discuss the challenges and the technological gap that currently limits incorporation of an automated process in routine bio-manufacturing, with a glimpse into the economic bearing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Puranik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Marianne Saldanha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
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Joubert S, Guimond J, Perret S, Malenfant F, Elahi SM, Marcil A, Parat M, Gilbert M, Lenferink A, Baardsnes J, Durocher Y. Production of afucosylated antibodies in CHO cells by co-expression of an anti-FUT8 intrabody. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2206-2220. [PMID: 35509261 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Some effector functions prompted by IgG antibodies, such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), strongly depend on the N-glycans linked to asparagine 297 of the Fc region of the protein. A single alpha-(1,6)-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) is responsible for catalyzing the addition of an α-1,6-linked fucose residue to the first GlcNAc residue of the N-linked glycans. Antibodies missing this core fucose show a significantly enhanced ADCC and increased anti-tumor activity, which could help reduce therapeutic dose requirement, potentially translating into reduced safety concerns and manufacturing costs. Several approaches have been developed to modify glycans and improve the biological functions of antibodies. Here, we demonstrate that expression of a membrane-associated anti-FUT8 intrabody engineered to reside in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus can efficiently reduce FUT8 activity and therefore the core-fucosylation of the Fc N-glycan of an antibody. IgG1-producing CHO cells expressing the intrabody secrete antibodies with reduced core fucosylation as demonstrated by lectin blot analysis and UPLC-HILIC glycan analysis. Cells engineered to inhibit directly and specifically alpha-(1,6)-fucosyltransferase activity allows for the production of g/L levels of IgGs with strongly enhanced ADCC effector function, for which the level of fucosylation can be selected. The quick and efficient method described here should have broad practical applicability for the development of next-generation therapeutic antibodies with enhanced effector functions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Joubert
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Julie Guimond
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Sylvie Perret
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Félix Malenfant
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Seyyed Mehdy Elahi
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Anne Marcil
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Marie Parat
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Michel Gilbert
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Anne Lenferink
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Jason Baardsnes
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
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Drifts in N-Linked Glycosylation Result in ADCC Potency Variation of Perjeta® from August 2020 to October 2021 in China. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7868391. [PMID: 35535043 PMCID: PMC9078787 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7868391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The proposed biosimilar candidate needs to demonstrate biosimilarity with reference products, and the quality target product profile and biosimilarity assessment criteria are prerequisite, which should be based on extensive characterization of the reference products. In this study, 13 lots of China-sourced pertuzumab (trademark: Perjeta®), with an expiration date from 2020 to 2021, were comprehensively characterized. Despite the consistency of purity, drifts in N-glycan profile were observed, which resulted in the variation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. In detail, four parametric curves of ADCC activity of the reference product were unparalleled, and the maximum response value was highly related to the content of %afucose than half-maximal effective concentration (EC50). As ADCC is a potential critical quality attribute of Perjeta®, the glycosylation of Perjeta® and its biosimilars should be tightly monitored and controlled.
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41
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Glinšek K, Kramer L, Krajnc A, Kranjc E, Pirher N, Marušič J, Hellmann L, Podobnik B, Štrukelj B, Ausländer D, Gaber R. Coupling CRISPR interference with FACS enrichment: New approach in glycoengineering of CHO cell lines for therapeutic glycoprotein production. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100499. [PMID: 35481906 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Difficulties in obtaining and maintaining the desired level of the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of therapeutic proteins as well as the pace of the development are major challenges of current biopharmaceutical development. Therapeutic proteins, both innovative and biosimilars, are mostly glycosylated. Glycans directly influence the stability, potency, plasma half-life, immunogenicity, and effector functions of the therapeutic. Hence, glycosylation is widely recognized as a process-dependent CQA of therapeutic glycoproteins. Due to the typically high heterogeneity of glycoforms attached to the proteins, control of glycosylation represents one of the most challenging aspects of biopharmaceutical development. Here, we explored a new glycoengineering approach in therapeutic glycoproteins development, which enabled us to achieve the targeted glycoprofile of the Fc-fusion protein in a fast manner. Coupling CRISPRi technology with lectin-FACS sorting enabled downregulation of the endogenous gene involved in fucosylation and further enrichment of CHO cells producing Fc-fusion proteins with reduced fucosylation levels. Enrichment of cells with targeted glycoprofile can lead to time-optimized clone screening and speed up cell line development. Moreover, the presented approach allows isolation of clones with varying levels of fucosylation, which makes it applicable to a broad range of glycoproteins differing in target fucosylation level. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Glinšek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Lovro Kramer
- Novartis Technical Research & Development, Biologics Technical Development, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, Mengeš, SI-1234, Slovenia
| | - Aleksander Krajnc
- Novartis Technical Research & Development, Biologics Technical Development, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, Mengeš, SI-1234, Slovenia
| | - Eva Kranjc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Nina Pirher
- Novartis Technical Research & Development, Biologics Technical Development, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, Mengeš, SI-1234, Slovenia
| | - Jaka Marušič
- Novartis Technical Research & Development, Biologics Technical Development, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, Mengeš, SI-1234, Slovenia
| | - Leon Hellmann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Klybeckstrasse 141, Basel, CH-4057, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Podobnik
- Novartis Technical Research & Development, Biologics Technical Development, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, Mengeš, SI-1234, Slovenia
| | - Borut Štrukelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - David Ausländer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Klybeckstrasse 141, Basel, CH-4057, Switzerland
| | - Rok Gaber
- Novartis Technical Research & Development, Biologics Technical Development, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, Mengeš, SI-1234, Slovenia
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42
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Takagi‐Maeda S, Yajima S, Suzuki T, Usami K, Takahashi N, Niwa R, Shimada H. A novel cancer‐specific EGFR antibody obtained from the serum of esophageal cancer patients with long‐term survival. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:2118-2128. [PMID: 35348270 PMCID: PMC9207364 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Takagi‐Maeda
- Research and Development Division Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. 3‐6‐6 Asahi‐machi, Machida‐shi Tokyo 194‐8533 Japan
| | - Satoshi Yajima
- Department of Surgery School of Medicine Toho University 6‐11‐1 Omori‐Nishi, Ota‐ku Tokyo 143‐8541 Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Surgery School of Medicine Toho University 6‐11‐1 Omori‐Nishi, Ota‐ku Tokyo 143‐8541 Japan
| | - Katsuaki Usami
- Research and Development Division Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. 3‐6‐6 Asahi‐machi, Machida‐shi Tokyo 194‐8533 Japan
| | - Nobuaki Takahashi
- Research and Development Division Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. 1‐9‐2 Otemachi, Chiyoda‐ku Tokyo 100‐0004 Japan
| | - Rinpei Niwa
- Research and Development Division Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. 3‐6‐6 Asahi‐machi, Machida‐shi Tokyo 194‐8533 Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Department of Surgery School of Medicine Toho University 6‐11‐1 Omori‐Nishi, Ota‐ku Tokyo 143‐8541 Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Clinical Oncology Toho University Graduate School of Medicine 6‐11‐1, Omori‐Nishi, Ota‐ku Tokyo 143‐8541 Japan
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43
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Misaki R, Iwasaki M, Takechi H, Yamano-Adachi N, Ohashi T, Kajiura H, Fujiyama K. Establishment of serum-free adapted Chinese hamster ovary cells with double knockout of GDP-mannose-4,6-dehydratase and GDP-fucose transporter. Cytotechnology 2022; 74:163-179. [PMID: 35185292 PMCID: PMC8817005 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although antibodies have attracted attention as next-generation biopharmaceuticals, the costs of purifying the products and of arranging the environment for cell cultivation are high. Therefore, there is a need to increase antibody efficacy and improve product quality as much as possible. Since antibodies are glycoproteins, their glycan structures have been found to affect the function of antibodies. Especially, afucosylation of the N-linked glycan in the Fc region is known to significantly increase antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In this study, we established a double-mutant ΔGMDΔGFT in which GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase and GDP-fucose transporter were knocked out in Chinese hamster ovary cells, a platform for biopharmaceutical protein production. By adapting ΔGMDΔGFT cells to serum-free medium and constructing suspension-cultured cells, we established host CHO cells with no detected fucosylated glycans and succeeded in production of afucosylated antibodies. We also demonstrated that, in culture in the presence of serum, fucosylation occurs due to contamination from serum components. Furthermore, we found that afucosylation of glycans does not affect cell growth after adaptation to serum-free medium as compared to wild-type CHO cells growth and does not significantly affect the expression levels of other endogenous fucose metabolism-related enzyme genes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10616-021-00501-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Misaki
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masashi Iwasaki
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hiroki Takechi
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Noriko Yamano-Adachi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takao Ohashi
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kajiura
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kazuhito Fujiyama
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- MU-OU Collaborative Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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44
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Zhong X, D’Antona AM, Scarcelli JJ, Rouse JC. New Opportunities in Glycan Engineering for Therapeutic Proteins. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:5. [PMID: 35076453 PMCID: PMC8788452 DOI: 10.3390/antib11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans as sugar polymers are important metabolic, structural, and physiological regulators for cellular and biological functions. They are often classified as critical quality attributes to antibodies and recombinant fusion proteins, given their impacts on the efficacy and safety of biologics drugs. Recent reports on the conjugates of N-acetyl-galactosamine and mannose-6-phosphate for lysosomal degradation, Fab glycans for antibody diversification, as well as sialylation therapeutic modulations and O-linked applications, have been fueling the continued interest in glycoengineering. The current advancements of the human glycome and the development of a comprehensive network in glycosylation pathways have presented new opportunities in designing next-generation therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhong
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Aaron M. D’Antona
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - John J. Scarcelli
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA;
| | - Jason C. Rouse
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA;
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45
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Mota LM, Tayi VS, Butler M. Cell Free Remodeling of Glycosylation of Antibodies. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2370:117-146. [PMID: 34611867 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1685-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The N-glycosylation profile of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) is a critical quality attribute in relation to its therapeutic application. The control of this profile during biomanufacture is difficult because of the multiple parameters that affect the glycosylation metabolism within the cell and the environment in which the cell is grown. One of the approaches that can be used to produce a preferred glycan profile or a single glycoform is through chemoenzymatic remodeling during the isolation of a mAb. Here we describe protocols that can be utilized to produce preferred glycoforms that include galactosylated, agalactosylated, or sialylated glycoforms following isolation of a mAb. Methods for analysis and assignment of structures of the samples following glycoengineering are also described. Chemoenzymatic modeling of mAb glycans has the potential for scale-up and to be introduced into biomanufacturing of mAbs with higher specific therapeutic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Martins Mota
- Cell Technology Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training (NIBRT), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Venkata S Tayi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michael Butler
- National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training (NIBRT), Dublin, Ireland.
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46
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Gstöttner C, Haselberg R, Wuhrer M, Somsen GW, Domínguez-Vega E. Assessment of Macro- and Microheterogeneity of Monoclonal Antibodies Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Hyphenated with Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2531:125-142. [PMID: 35941483 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2493-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the application of capillary zone electrophoresis hyphenated with mass spectrometry (CZE-MS) for the characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). mAbs are complex molecules comprising different glycoforms and many other posttranslational modifications. In addition to this inherent microheterogeneity, misassembling of antibodies can take place during production contributing to their macroheterogeneity. CZE-MS is a versatile and powerful technique which has demonstrated high potential for the assessment of both micro- and macroheterogeneity of mAbs. In this chapter, technical and practical considerations for the characterization of mAbs by CZE-MS are described. CE-MS interfacing, capillary coatings for the prevention of mAb adsorption, and sample preparation considerations are covered in detail. The assessment of the macro- and microheterogeneity is discussed and exemplified through three different approaches involving analysis of intact, enzymatically digested, and reduced antibodies. The examples also illustrate the use of two commercially available interfacing techniques (i.e., sheath liquid and sheathless) as well as different types of capillary coatings (positively charged and neutral coatings).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gstöttner
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Haselberg
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Govert W Somsen
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Domínguez-Vega
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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47
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Abstract
Glycosylation, one of the most common post-translational modifications in mammalian cells, impacts many biological processes such as cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. As the most abundant glycoprotein in human serum, immunoglobulin G (IgG) plays a vital role in immune response and protection. There is a growing body of evidence suggests that IgG structure and function are modulated by attached glycans, especially N-glycans, and aberrant glycosylation is associated with disease states. In this chapter, we review IgG glycan repertoire and function, strategies for profiling IgG N-glycome and recent studies. Mass spectrometry (MS) based techniques are the most powerful tools for profiling IgG glycome. IgG glycans can be divided into high-mannose, biantennary complex and hybrid types, modified with mannosylation, core-fucosylation, galactosylation, bisecting GlcNAcylation, or sialylation. Glycosylation of IgG affects antibody half-life and their affinity and avidity for antigens, regulates crystallizable fragment (Fc) structure and Fcγ receptor signaling, as well as antibody effector function. Because of their critical roles, IgG N-glycans appear to be promising biomarkers for various disease states. Specific IgG glycosylation can convert a pro-inflammatory response to an anti-inflammatory activity. Accordingly, IgG glycoengineering provides a powerful approach to potentially develop effective drugs and treat disease. Based on the understanding of the functional role of IgG glycans, the development of vaccines with enhanced capacity and long-term protection are possible in the near future.
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48
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Wang Q, Wang T, Zhang R, Yang S, McFarland KS, Chung CY, Jia H, Wang LX, Cipollo JF, Betenbaugh MJ. The interplay of protein engineering and glycoengineering to fine-tune antibody glycosylation and its impact on effector functions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:102-117. [PMID: 34647616 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The N-glycan pattern of an IgG antibody, attached at a conserved site within the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region, is a critical antibody quality attribute whose structural variability can also impact antibody function. For tailoring the Fc glycoprofile, glycoengineering in cell lines as well as Fc amino acid mutations have been applied. Multiple glycoengineered Chinese hamster ovary cell lines were generated, including defucosylated (FUT8KO), α-2,6-sialylated (ST6KI), and defucosylated α-2,6-sialylated (FUT8KOST6KI), expressing either a wild-type anti-CD20 IgG (WT) or phenylalanine to alanine (F241A) mutant. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry characterization of antibody N-glycans revealed that the F241A mutation significantly increased galactosylation and sialylation content and glycan branching. Furthermore, overexpression of recombinant human α-2,6-sialyltransferase resulted in a predominance of α-2,6-sialylation rather than α-2,3-sialylation for both WT and heavily sialylated F241A antibody N-glycans. Interestingly, knocking out α-1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8KO), which removed core fucose, lowered the content of N-glycans with terminal Gal and increased levels of terminal GlcNAc and Man5 groups on WT antibody. Further complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) analysis revealed that, regardless of the production cells, WT antibody samples have higher cytotoxic CDC activity with more exposed Gal residues compared to their individual F241A mutants. However, the FUT8KO WT antibody, with a large fraction of bi-GlcNAc structures (G0), displayed the lowest CDC activity of all WT antibody samples. Furthermore, for the F241A mutants, a higher CDC activity was observed for α-2,6- compared to α-2,3-sialylation. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) analysis revealed that the defucosylated WT and F241A mutants showed enhanced in vitro ADCC performance compared to their fucosylated counterparts, with the defucosylated WT antibodies displaying the highest overall ADCC activity, regardless of sialic acid substitution. Moreover, the FcγRIIIA receptor binding by antibodies did not always correspond directly with ADCC result. This study demonstrates that glycoengineering and protein engineering can both promote and inhibit antibody effector functions and represent practical approaches for varying glycan composition and functionalities during antibody development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tiexin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roushu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Shuang Yang
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products (DBPAP), Laboratory for Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin S McFarland
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cheng-Yu Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hongpeng Jia
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - John F Cipollo
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products (DBPAP), Laboratory for Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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An Insight into FDA Approved Antibody-Drug Conjugates for Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195847. [PMID: 34641391 PMCID: PMC8510272 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The large number of emerging antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for cancer therapy has resulted in a significant market ‘boom’, garnering worldwide attention. Despite ADCs presenting huge challenges to researchers, particularly regarding the identification of a suitable combination of antibody, linker, and payload, as of September 2021, 11 ADCs have been granted FDA approval, with eight of these approved since 2017 alone. Optimism for this therapeutic approach is clear, despite the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020 was a landmark year for deals and partnerships in the ADC arena, suggesting that there remains significant interest from Big Pharma. Herein we review the enthusiasm for ADCs by focusing on the features of those approved by the FDA, and offer some thoughts as to where the field is headed.
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50
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Phelps M, Balazs AB. Contribution to HIV Prevention and Treatment by Antibody-Mediated Effector Function and Advances in Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Delivery by Vectored Immunoprophylaxis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:734304. [PMID: 34603314 PMCID: PMC8479175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.734304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the viral envelope have shown significant promise in both HIV prevention and viral clearance, including pivotal results against sensitive strains in the recent Antibody Mediated Prevention (AMP) trial. Studies of bNAb passive transfer in infected patients have demonstrated transient reduction of viral load at high concentrations that rebounds as bNAb is cleared from circulation. While neutralization is a crucial component of therapeutic efficacy, numerous studies have demonstrated that bNAbs can also mediate effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), and antibody-dependent complement deposition (ADCD). These functions have been shown to contribute towards protection in several models of HIV acquisition and in viral clearance during chronic infection, however the role of target epitope in facilitating these functions, as well as the contribution of individual innate functions in protection and viral clearance remain areas of active investigation. Despite their potential, the transient nature of antibody passive transfer limits the widespread use of bNAbs. To overcome this, we and others have demonstrated vectored antibody delivery capable of yielding long-lasting expression of bNAbs in vivo. Two clinical trials have shown that adeno-associated virus (AAV) delivery of bNAbs is safe and capable of sustained bNAb expression for over 18 months following a single intramuscular administration. Here, we review key concepts of effector functions mediated by bNAbs against HIV infection and the potential for vectored immunoprophylaxis as a means of producing bNAbs in patients.
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