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Cánepa ET, Berardino BG. Epigenetic mechanisms linking early-life adversities and mental health. Biochem J 2024; 481:615-642. [PMID: 38722301 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Early-life adversities, whether prenatal or postnatal exposure, have been linked to adverse mental health outcomes later in life increasing the risk of several psychiatric disorders. Research on its neurobiological consequences demonstrated an association between exposure to adversities and persistent alterations in the structure, function, and connectivity of the brain. Consistent evidence supports the idea that regulation of gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms are involved in embedding the impact of early-life experiences in the genome and mediate between social environments and later behavioral phenotypes. In addition, studies from rodent models and humans suggest that these experiences and the acquired risk factors can be transmitted through epigenetic mechanisms to offspring and the following generations potentially contributing to a cycle of disease or disease risk. However, one of the important aspects of epigenetic mechanisms, unlike genetic sequences that are fixed and unchangeable, is that although the epigenetic markings are long-lasting, they are nevertheless potentially reversible. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the mental health consequences derived from early-life exposure to malnutrition, maltreatment and poverty, adversities with huge and pervasive impact on mental health. We also discuss the evidence about transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in mammals and experimental data suggesting that suitable social and pharmacological interventions could reverse adverse epigenetic modifications induced by early-life negative social experiences. In this regard, these studies must be accompanied by efforts to determine the causes that promote these adversities and that result in health inequity in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo T Cánepa
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética y Adversidades Tempranas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and IQUIBICEN, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruno G Berardino
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética y Adversidades Tempranas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and IQUIBICEN, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Jagasia E, Bloom I, Nelson KE, Campbell J. Early adolescent development in the face of violence: A systematic review running. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 151:106751. [PMID: 38531246 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to violence has severe and lasting effects on development. Despite the body of research examining childhood exposures to violence and victimization, developmental outcomes during early adolescence are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To synthesize existing research on the effects of violence exposure on early adolescent development (youth 9-14 years old) and highlight areas for future research. METHOD We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE for articles published between 2012 and 2023. Included articles focused on violence exposure related to experiencing or observing community violence, witnessing domestic violence and/or being the victim of chronic physical abuse. RESULTS Twenty-eight articles spanning four developmental domains were included: behavioral, biological, neurological, and social development. Behaviorally, violence exposure posed significant effects on both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Biologically, violence exposure was strongly associated with advanced epigenetic age, accelerated puberty, and insomnia. Neurologically, violence exposure had significant associations with both structural and functional differences in the developing brain. Socially, violence exposure was related to poor school engagement, peer aggression, and low social support. CONCLUSION This systematic review highlights varying effects of violence exposure on early adolescent development. The gaps presented should be addressed and implemented into clinical practice via evidence-based policies and procedures to ensure successful transition to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Jagasia
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, United States of America.
| | - India Bloom
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, United States of America
| | - Katie E Nelson
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, United States of America
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3
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Mucignat-Caretta C, Soravia G. Positive or negative environmental modulations on human brain development: the morpho-functional outcomes of music training or stress. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1266766. [PMID: 38027483 PMCID: PMC10657192 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1266766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last couple of decades, the study of human living brain has benefitted of neuroimaging and non-invasive electrophysiological techniques, which are particularly valuable during development. A number of studies allowed to trace the usual stages leading from pregnancy to adult age, and relate them to functional and behavioral measurements. It was also possible to explore the effects of some interventions, behavioral or not, showing that the commonly followed pathway to adulthood may be steered by external interventions. These events may result in behavioral modifications but also in structural changes, in some cases limiting plasticity or extending/modifying critical periods. In this review, we outline the healthy human brain development in the absence of major issues or diseases. Then, the effects of negative (different stressors) and positive (music training) environmental stimuli on brain and behavioral development is depicted. Hence, it may be concluded that the typical development follows a course strictly dependent from environmental inputs, and that external intervention can be designed to positively counteract negative influences, particularly at young ages. We also focus on the social aspect of development, which starts in utero and continues after birth by building social relationships. This poses a great responsibility in handling children education and healthcare politics, pointing to social accountability for the responsible development of each child.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Soravia
- Department of Mother and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Wiss DA, Prelip ML, Upchurch DM, von Ehrenstein OS, Tomiyama AJ, Gorbach PM, Shoptaw SJ. Association between Childhood Maltreatment and Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Los Angeles. J Urban Health 2023; 100:327-340. [PMID: 36826734 PMCID: PMC9951846 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-023-00719-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with poor mental health outcomes in adulthood. Childhood maltreatment is related to both depressive and anxiety symptoms. Our objective was to investigate these associations among low-income, mostly Black and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM), as these may be a particularly vulnerable population group. Data come from a longitudinal study of MSM with varied substance use behaviors (n = 321) collected between August 2014 and April 2022. Cumulative, childhood maltreatment ACEs, and the single ACE of childhood sexual abuse were investigated as potential predictors of self-reported depressive and anxiety symptoms in mixed-effects logistic and ordinal regression models. There was no evidence of a dose-response relationship between the number of ACEs and the predicted probability of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Compared to MSM reporting fewer than five ACEs, those with five or more ACEs had approximately double the odds ratio of reporting depressive (OR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.04-3.60) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.05-4.68). The dimension of childhood maltreatment had a more robust prediction of depressive symptoms than the dimension of household dysfunction across all models. The association between childhood sexual abuse history and depressive symptoms remained after adjustment for the other nine ACEs (OR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.11-4.68). The ordinal logistic model suggested that cumulative ACEs more than triple the odds of being in a higher anxiety category (OR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.58-6.14), with associations reported for childhood maltreatment ACEs (OR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.06-1.66) and childhood sexual abuse (OR = 1.93; 95% CI: 0.89-4.21). Childhood maltreatment ACEs, particularly childhood sexual abuse, are salient predictors of depressive and anxiety symptoms among adult urban MSM. Mitigating the impact of childhood maltreatment requires understanding the additional burden of social distress often faced by MSM throughout the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Wiss
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Michael L Prelip
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dawn M Upchurch
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ondine S von Ehrenstein
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - A Janet Tomiyama
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Pamina M Gorbach
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Steven J Shoptaw
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10880 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
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Demir MHB, Kaya R, Ozalay O, Haznedaroglu DI, Erdogan Y, Kitis O, Bildik T, Gonul AS, Eker MC. The effects of sexual abuse on female adolescent brain structures. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2023; 11:87-94. [PMID: 37818143 PMCID: PMC10561073 DOI: 10.2478/sjcapp-2023-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Sexual abuse (SA) is known for its effects on brain structures in adolescents. We aimed to explore if SA has any effect on limbic and prefrontal cortex (PFC) structures. We hypothesized that children with SA would have a thinner PFC with larger amygdala and hippocampus that lead to aberrations in threat detection, orientation and response circuit; that would be highly adaptive in a dangerous environment in the short term. Method We included 57 SA and 33 healthy control (HC) female participants. In addition to psychiatric evaluation, we acquired 3 T MR images from all participants. We compared prefrontal cortical thicknesses, hippocampus and amygdala volumes between groups. Results The age and education levels of study groups were matched, however, IQ scores and socioeconomic status (SES) scores of the SA group were lower than the controls. Total CTQ scores of the SA group were higher than the HC. Nevertheless, the mean value of sexual abuse scores was above the cut-off scores only for the SA participants. SA participants had larger right and left hippocampus and right amygdala volumes than the controls. SA group had reduced inferior frontal gyrus cortical thickness (T=3.5, p<0.01, cluster size=694 mm2, x=51 y=-30 z=6) than HC group. None of the structural findings were correlated with total or sexual abuse CTQ scores. Conclusion Children with SA history has structural abnormalities in threat detection, orientation and response circuit. SA victims with no psychiatric diagnosis have a high probability of psychiatric problems with a possible contribution of these aberrations. SA cases that do not have a diagnosis must not be overlooked as they may have structural changes in emotion related brain regions. Careful follow-up is needed for all of all SA cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Hande Bulut Demir
- SoCAT Lab Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Izmir S.B.U. Dr. Behcet Uz Training and Research Hospital of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Rahime Kaya
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Ozgun Ozalay
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Yigit Erdogan
- SoCAT Lab Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Omer Kitis
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tezan Bildik
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Saffet Gonul
- SoCAT Lab Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Mercer University, Macon, USA
| | - Mehmet Cagdas Eker
- SoCAT Lab Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Twait EL, Blom K, Koek HL, Zwartbol MHT, Ghaznawi R, Hendrikse J, Gerritsen L, Geerlings MI. Psychosocial factors and hippocampal subfields: The Medea-7T study. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 44:1964-1984. [PMID: 36583397 PMCID: PMC9980899 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific subfields within the hippocampus have shown vulnerability to chronic stress, highlighting the importance of looking regionally within the hippocampus to understand the role of psychosocial factors in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. A systematic review on psychosocial factors and hippocampal subfield volumes was performed and showed inconsistent results, highlighting the need for future studies to explore this relationship. The current study aimed to explore the association of psychosocial factors with hippocampal (subfield) volumes, using high-field 7T MRI. Data were from the Memory Depression and Aging (Medea)-7T study, which included 333 participants without dementia. Hippocampal subfields were automatically segmented from T2-weighted images using ASHS software. Generalized linear models accounting for correlated outcomes were used to assess the association between subfields (i.e., entorhinal cortex, subiculum, Cornu Ammonis [CA]1, CA2, CA3, dentate gyrus, and tail) and each psychosocial factor (i.e., depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, childhood maltreatment, recent stressful life events, and social support), adjusted for age, sex, and intracranial volume. Neither depression nor anxiety was associated with specific hippocampal (subfield) volumes. A trend for lower total hippocampal volume was found in those reporting childhood maltreatment, and a trend for higher total hippocampal volume was found in those who experienced a recent stressful life event. Among subfields, low social support was associated with lower volume in the CA3 (B = -0.43, 95% CI: -0.72; -0.15). This study suggests possible differential effects among hippocampal (subfield) volumes and psychosocial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Twait
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary CareUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Kim Blom
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary CareUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Huiberdina L. Koek
- Department of GeriatricsUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Maarten H. T. Zwartbol
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Rashid Ghaznawi
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Hendrikse
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Lotte Gerritsen
- Department of PsychologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Mirjam I. Geerlings
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary CareUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands,Department of General PracticeAmsterdam UMC, Location University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later life, and Personalized MedicineAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress, and SleepAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Roeckner AR, Sogani S, Michopoulos V, Hinrichs R, van Rooij SJH, Rothbaum BO, Jovanovic T, Ressler KJ, Stevens JS. Sex-dependent risk factors for PTSD: a prospective structural MRI study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:2213-2220. [PMID: 36114284 PMCID: PMC9630503 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Female individuals are more likely to be diagnosed with PTSD following trauma exposure than males, potentially due, in part, to underlying neurobiological factors. Several brain regions underlying fear learning and expression have previously been associated with PTSD, with the hippocampus, amygdala, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), and rostral ACC (rACC) showing altered volume and function in those with PTSD. However, few studies have examined how sex impacts the predictive value of subcortical volumes and cortical thickness in longitudinal PTSD studies. As part of an emergency department study completed at the Grady Trauma Project in Atlanta, GA, N = 93 (40 Female) participants were enrolled within 24 h following a traumatic event. Multi-echo T1-weighted MRI images were collected one-month post-trauma exposure. Bilateral amygdala and hippocampal volumes and rACC and dACC cortical thickness were segmented. To assess the longitudinal course of PTSD, the PTSD Symptom Scale (PSS) was collected 6 months post-trauma. We investigated whether regional volume/thickness interacted with sex to predict later PTSD symptom severity, controlling for PSS score at time of scan, age, race, and trauma type, as well as intracranial volume (ICV) for subcortical volumes. There was a significant interaction between sex and rACC for 6-month PSS, such that right rACC thickness was positively correlated with 6-month PSS scores in females, but not in males. In examining PTSD symptom subtypes and depression symptoms, greater rACC thickness in females predicted greater avoidance symptoms, while smaller rACC thickness in males predicted greater depression symptoms. Amygdala and hippocampus volume and dACC thickness showed no main effect or interaction with sex. The current findings provide evidence for sex-based differences in how brain volume predicts future PTSD severity and symptoms and supports the rACC as being a vital region regarding PTSD. Gender differences should be assessed in future longitudinal PTSD MRI studies for more accurate identification of future PTSD risk following trauma.
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8
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Botdorf M, Dunstan J, Sorcher L, Dougherty LR, Riggins T. Socioeconomic disadvantage and episodic memory ability in the ABCD sample: Contributions of hippocampal subregion and subfield volumes. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 57:101138. [PMID: 35907312 PMCID: PMC9335384 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with volumetric differences in stress-sensitive neural structures, including the hippocampus, and deficits in episodic memory. Rodent studies provide evidence that memory deficits arise via stress-related structural differences in hippocampal subdivisions; however, human studies have only provided limited evidence to support this notion. We used a sample of 10,695 9-13-year-old participants from two timepoints of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study to assess whether socioeconomic disadvantage relates to episodic memory performance through hippocampal volumes. We explored associations among socioeconomic disadvantage, measured via the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), concurrent subregion (anterior, posterior) and subfield volumes (CA1, CA3, CA4/DG, subiculum), and episodic memory, assessed via the NIH Toolbox Picture Sequence Memory Test at baseline and 2-year follow-up (Time 2). Results showed that higher baseline ADI related to smaller concurrent anterior, CA1, CA4/DG, and subiculum volumes and poorer Time 2 memory performance controlling for baseline memory. Moreover, anterior, CA1, and subiculum volumes mediated the longitudinal association between the ADI and memory. Results suggest that greater socioeconomic disadvantage relates to smaller hippocampal subregion and subfield volumes and less age-related improvement in memory. These findings shed light on the neural mechanisms linking socioeconomic disadvantage and cognitive ability in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Botdorf
- University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Psychology, United States; University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychology, United States.
| | - Jade Dunstan
- University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Leah Sorcher
- University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Lea R Dougherty
- University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Tracy Riggins
- University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Psychology, United States
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Misiak B, Kowalski K, Piotrowski P, Grąźlewski T, Samochowiec J. Neurodevelopmental aspects of adverse childhood experiences in psychosis: Relevance of the allostatic load concept. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 143:105850. [PMID: 35772280 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that neurodevelopmental characteristics of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as their accumulation and minimal age at exposure, might moderate their impact on clinical expression of psychosis. However, it remains unknown as to whether specific neurodevelopmental characteristics of ACEs are associated with biological alterations observed in psychosis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that younger minimal age at exposure as well as greater accumulation and severity of ACEs are associated with systemic biological dysregulations captured by the allostatic load (AL) index in patients with psychosis. The present study included 65 inpatients with psychotic disorders and 56 healthy controls (HCs). A total of 15 biomarkers were used to measure the AL index. Individuals with psychosis had significantly higher AL index as well as they reported greater accumulation and severity of ACEs compared to HCs. After adjustment for age, sex, the number of education years and the dosage of antipsychotics, greater accumulation of ACEs and younger minimal age at exposure were significantly associated with higher AL index in patients with psychosis. None of neurodevelopmental characteristics of ACEs was associated with the AL index in HCs. Our findings indicate that greater accumulation of ACEs and younger minimal age at exposure are related to biological dysregulations captured by the AL index in patients with psychosis. Future studies investigating the role of ACEs in the pathophysiology of psychosis need to consider their neurodevelopmental characteristics. It is also important to further explore timing of exposure to indicate critical developmental periods related to psychosis risk and better inform potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kowalski
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Piotrowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grąźlewski
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Brown MJ, Jiang Y, Hung P, Haider MR, Crouch E. Disparities by Gender and Race/Ethnicity in Child Maltreatment and Memory Performance. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP14633-NP14655. [PMID: 34121489 PMCID: PMC9008876 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211015222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences, which include child maltreatment, are a major public health issue nationally. Child maltreatment has been linked to poorer cognitive functioning, which can start in childhood and persist into adulthood. However, studies examining the potential disparities by gender and race/ethnicity are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the gender and racial/ethnic disparities in the association between child maltreatment and memory performance. Data were obtained from Waves III and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 11,624). Weighted multiple linear regression models were used to assess the associations between sexual abuse, physical abuse, neglect, and child maltreatment score and memory. Models were stratified by gender, race, and ethnicity. Men who were exposed to sexual abuse, neglect and two or three child maltreatment types scored one to three points lower (β = -1.44; 95% CI: -2.83, -0.06; β = -2.41; 95% CI: -3.75, -1.08; β = -3.35; 95% CI: -5.33, -1.37; β = -2.31; 95% CI: -3.75, -0.86) in memory performance compared to men who did not report sexual abuse, neglect, or child maltreatment, respectively. Black respondents who were exposed to sexual abuse scored two points lower (β = -1.62; 95% CI: -2.80, -0.44) in memory performance compared to Black respondents who did not report sexual abuse. Among Other race and Hispanic respondents, those who reported neglect scored four points lower (β = -4.06; 95% CI: -6.47, -1.66; β = -4.15; 95% CI: -5.99, -2.30) in memory performance, respectively, compared to their counterparts who did not report neglect. Gender- and racial/ethnic-responsive memory performance interventions addressing child maltreatment may be beneficial for affected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique J. Brown
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina
- Rural and Minority Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina
- Office for the Study on Aging, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina
| | | | - Peiyin Hung
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina
- Rural and Minority Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina
| | - Mohammad Rifat Haider
- Department of Social and Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University
| | - Elizabeth Crouch
- Rural and Minority Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina
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Roeckner AR, Oliver KI, Lebois LAM, van Rooij SJH, Stevens JS. Neural contributors to trauma resilience: a review of longitudinal neuroimaging studies. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:508. [PMID: 34611129 PMCID: PMC8492865 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resilience in the face of major life stressors is changeable over time and with experience. Accordingly, differing sets of neurobiological factors may contribute to an adaptive stress response before, during, and after the stressor. Longitudinal studies are therefore particularly effective in answering questions about the determinants of resilience. Here we provide an overview of the rapidly-growing body of longitudinal neuroimaging research on stress resilience. Despite lingering gaps and limitations, these studies are beginning to reveal individual differences in neural circuit structure and function that appear protective against the emergence of future psychopathology following a major life stressor. Here we outline a neural circuit model of resilience to trauma. Specifically, pre-trauma biomarkers of resilience show that an ability to modulate activity within threat and salience networks predicts fewer stress-related symptoms. In contrast, early post-trauma biomarkers of subsequent resilience or recovery show a more complex pattern, spanning a number of major circuits including attention and cognitive control networks as well as primary sensory cortices. This novel synthesis suggests stress resilience may be scaffolded by stable individual differences in the processing of threat cues, and further buttressed by post-trauma adaptations to the stressor that encompass multiple mechanisms and circuits. More attention and resources supporting this work will inform the targets and timing of mechanistic resilience-boosting interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R. Roeckner
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Katelyn I. Oliver
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Lauren A. M. Lebois
- grid.240206.20000 0000 8795 072XDivision of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sanne J. H. van Rooij
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Jennifer S. Stevens
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
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12
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Association of gray matter volumes with general and specific dimensions of psychopathology in children. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1333-1339. [PMID: 33479512 PMCID: PMC8134562 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00952-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Childhood is an important time for the manifestation of psychopathology. Psychopathology is characterized by considerable comorbidity which is mirrored in the underlying neural correlates of psychopathology. Both common and dissociable variations in brain volume have been found across multiple mental disorders in adult and youth samples. However, the majority of these studies used samples with broad age ranges which may obscure developmental differences. The current study examines associations between regional gray matter volumes (GMV) and psychopathology in a large sample of children with a narrowly defined age range. We used data from 9607 children 9-10 years of age collected as part of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ABCD Study®). A bifactor model identified a general psychopathology factor that reflects common variance across disorders and specific factors representing internalizing symptoms, ADHD symptoms, and conduct problems. Brain volume was acquired using 3T MRI. After correction for multiple testing, structural equation modeling revealed nearly global inverse associations between regional GMVs and general psychopathology and conduct problems, with associations also found for ADHD symptoms (pfdr-values ≤ 0.048). Age, sex, and race were included as covariates. Sensitivity analyses including total GMV or intracranial volume (ICV) as covariates support this global association, as a large majority of region-specific results became nonsignificant. Sensitivity analyses including income, parental education, and medication use as additional covariates demonstrate largely convergent results. These findings suggest that globally smaller GMVs are a nonspecific risk factor for general psychopathology, and possibly for conduct problems and ADHD as well.
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13
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VanTieghem M, Korom M, Flannery J, Choy T, Caldera C, Humphreys KL, Gabard-Durnam L, Goff B, Gee DG, Telzer EH, Shapiro M, Louie JY, Fareri DS, Bolger N, Tottenham N. Longitudinal changes in amygdala, hippocampus and cortisol development following early caregiving adversity. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 48:100916. [PMID: 33517107 PMCID: PMC7848778 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although decades of research have shown associations between early caregiving adversity, stress physiology and limbic brain volume (e.g., amygdala, hippocampus), the developmental trajectories of these phenotypes are not well characterized. In the current study, we used an accelerated longitudinal design to assess the development of stress physiology, amygdala, and hippocampal volume following early institutional care. Previously Institutionalized (PI; N = 93) and comparison (COMP; N = 161) youth (ages 4–20 years old) completed 1–3 waves of data collection, each spaced approximately 2 years apart, for diurnal cortisol (N = 239) and structural MRI (N = 156). We observed a developmental shift in morning cortisol in the PI group, with blunted levels in childhood and heightened levels in late adolescence. PI history was associated with reduced hippocampal volume and reduced growth rate of the amygdala, resulting in smaller volumes by adolescence. Amygdala and hippocampal volumes were also prospectively associated with future morning cortisol in both groups. These results indicate that adversity-related physiological and neural phenotypes are not stationary during development but instead exhibit dynamic and interdependent changes from early childhood to early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Korom
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jessica Flannery
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tricia Choy
- Graduate School of Education, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Christina Caldera
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn L Humphreys
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Bonnie Goff
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dylan G Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Y Louie
- Child Mind Institute, San Francisco Bay Area, San Mateo, CA, USA
| | - Dominic S Fareri
- Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - Niall Bolger
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nim Tottenham
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Hyde LW, Gard AM, Tomlinson RC, Burt SA, Mitchell C, Monk CS. An ecological approach to understanding the developing brain: Examples linking poverty, parenting, neighborhoods, and the brain. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020; 75:1245-1259. [PMID: 33382290 PMCID: PMC8167378 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We describe an ecological approach to understanding the developing brain, with a focus on the effects of poverty-related adversity on brain function. We articulate how combining multilevel ecological models from developmental science and developmental psychopathology with human neuroscience can inform our approach to understanding the developmental neuroscience of risk and resilience. To illustrate this approach, we focus on associations between poverty and brain function, the roles parents and neighborhoods play in this context, and the potential impact of developmental timing. We also describe the major challenges and needed advances in these areas of research to better understand how and why poverty-related adversity may impact the developing brain, including the need for: a population neuroscience approach with greater attention to sampling and representation, genetically informed and causal designs, advances in assessing context and brain function, caution in interpretation of effects, and a focus on resilience. Work in this area has major implications for policy and prevention, which are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke W Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan
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15
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Sigrist C, Mürner-Lavanchy I, Peschel SKV, Schmidt SJ, Kaess M, Koenig J. Early life maltreatment and resting-state heart rate variability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:307-334. [PMID: 33171141 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent focus on the consequences of early life adversity (ELA) in neurobiological research led to a variety of findings suggesting alterations in several physiological systems, such as the cardiovascular system. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we focused on the relationship between early life maltreatment (ELM), one form of ELA, and resting vagal activity indexed by resting-state heart rate variability (HRV). A systematic search of the literature yielded 1'264 hits, of which 32 studies reporting data for group comparisons or correlations were included. By quantitative synthesis of existing studies using random-effect models, we found no evidence for a relationship between ELM exposure and resting vagal activity in principal. Conducting meta-regression analyses, however, we found the relationship between ELM and resting vagal activity to significantly vary as a function of both age and the presence of psychopathology. In light of the current multitude of vastly unclear pathways linking ELM to the onset of disease, we emphasize the need for further research and outline several aspects to consider in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sigrist
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ines Mürner-Lavanchy
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie K V Peschel
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie J Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Section for Translational Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Section for Experimental Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Oh JE, López-Santacruz HD. Adaptation measures in dental care for children with history of Adverse Childhood Experiences: A practical proposal. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2020; 41:3-12. [PMID: 33040392 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) such as maltreatment, abuse, or neglect can disrupt childhood development and increase the risk of health issues, including dental health. Such a vulnerable population frequently may deny dental treatment due to fear of intimate contact in the oral cavity, resulting in a vicious cycle that further leads to detrimental oral health. It is important for dentists, particularly pediatric dentists, to not only understand how to identify potential cases of abuse or maltreatment but also how to treat these patients so that the dental treatment does not become a negative experience. The purpose of this paper is to understand the psychological and physical implications of pediatric patients who have had ACEs and to identify the best methods to manage these patients during the dental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Oh
- School of Dentistry, De La Salle Bajío University, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
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17
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Badura-Brack AS, Mills MS, Embury CM, Khanna MM, Klanecky Earl A, Stephen JM, Wang YP, Calhoun VD, Wilson TW. Hippocampal and parahippocampal volumes vary by sex and traumatic life events in children. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2020; 45:288-297. [PMID: 32078279 PMCID: PMC7828931 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.190013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma is reliably associated with smaller hippocampal volume in adults; however, this finding has not been shown in children, and even less is known about how sex and trauma interact to affect limbic structural development in children. METHODS Typically developing children aged 9 to 15 years who completed a trauma history questionnaire and structural T1-weighted MRI were included in this study (n = 172; 85 female, 87 male). All children who reported 4 or more traumas (n = 36) composed the high trauma group, and all children who reported 3 or fewer traumas (n = 136) composed the low trauma group. Using multivariate analysis of covariance, we compared FreeSurfer-derived structural MRI volumes (normalized by total intracranial volume) of the amygdalar, hippocampal and parahippocampal regions by sex and trauma level, controlling for age and study site. RESULTS We found a significant sex × trauma interaction, such that girls with high trauma had greater volumes than boys with high trauma. Follow-up analyses indicated significantly increased volumes for girls and generally decreased volumes for boys, specifically in the hippocampal and parahippocampalregions for the high trauma group; we observed no sex differences in the low trauma group. We noted no interaction effect for the amygdalae. LIMITATIONS We assessed a community sample and did not include a clinical sample. We did not collect data about the ages at which children experienced trauma. CONCLUSION Results revealed that psychological trauma affects brain development differently in girls and boys. These findings need to be followed longitudinally to elucidate how structural differences progress and contribute to well-known sex disparities in psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S. Badura-Brack
- From the Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, NE (Badura-Brack, Mills, Khanna, Klanecky Earl); the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Embury, Wilson); the Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE (Embury); the Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM (Stephen, Calhoun); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (Wang)
| | - Mackenzie S. Mills
- From the Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, NE (Badura-Brack, Mills, Khanna, Klanecky Earl); the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Embury, Wilson); the Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE (Embury); the Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM (Stephen, Calhoun); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (Wang)
| | - Christine M. Embury
- From the Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, NE (Badura-Brack, Mills, Khanna, Klanecky Earl); the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Embury, Wilson); the Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE (Embury); the Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM (Stephen, Calhoun); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (Wang)
| | - Maya M. Khanna
- From the Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, NE (Badura-Brack, Mills, Khanna, Klanecky Earl); the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Embury, Wilson); the Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE (Embury); the Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM (Stephen, Calhoun); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (Wang)
| | - Alicia Klanecky Earl
- From the Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, NE (Badura-Brack, Mills, Khanna, Klanecky Earl); the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Embury, Wilson); the Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE (Embury); the Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM (Stephen, Calhoun); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (Wang)
| | - Julia M. Stephen
- From the Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, NE (Badura-Brack, Mills, Khanna, Klanecky Earl); the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Embury, Wilson); the Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE (Embury); the Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM (Stephen, Calhoun); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (Wang)
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- From the Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, NE (Badura-Brack, Mills, Khanna, Klanecky Earl); the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Embury, Wilson); the Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE (Embury); the Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM (Stephen, Calhoun); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (Wang)
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- From the Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, NE (Badura-Brack, Mills, Khanna, Klanecky Earl); the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Embury, Wilson); the Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE (Embury); the Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM (Stephen, Calhoun); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (Wang)
| | - Tony W. Wilson
- From the Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, NE (Badura-Brack, Mills, Khanna, Klanecky Earl); the Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Embury, Wilson); the Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE (Embury); the Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM (Stephen, Calhoun); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (Wang)
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18
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Kida H, Nakajima S, Shikimoto R, Ochi R, Noda Y, Tsugawa S, Fujii S, Takayama M, Mimura M, Niimura H. Approach-oriented coping strategy level may be related to volume of the whole hippocampus in the elderly. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:270-276. [PMID: 31943584 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Stress-related disorders and severe stress exposure can cause atrophy of the whole hippocampus and its subfields. However, the impact of stress coping strategies on the hippocampus remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to examine the relation between approach- and avoidance-oriented coping strategies and hippocampal volume in elderly persons. METHODS A total of 1045 elderly persons living in Arakawa-ward, Tokyo (mean ± SD age: 72.8 ± 5.2 years; 569 females [54.4%]) were included in the study and completed several questionnaires and face-to-face interviews and underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Approach- or avoidance-oriented coping strategies were assessed with the Stress and Coping Inventory, while cognitive function and depressive symptoms were assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination and Geriatric Depression Scale, respectively. The volume of the whole hippocampus on T1-weighted images was delineated and calculated using FreeSurfer 6.0. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the relation between Stress and Coping Inventory scores and whole hippocampal volume. RESULTS Approach-oriented coping strategy scores were positively correlated with whole hippocampal volume. Furthermore, these relations remained significant after controlling for the influence of cognitive function and depressive symptoms on these volumetric variables. In contrast, avoidance-oriented coping strategy scores were not correlated with whole hippocampal volume. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that hippocampal volume may be associated with the approach-oriented coping strategy; therefore, this strategy may preserve hippocampal volume in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Kida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Shikimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Ochi
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakiko Tsugawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Fujii
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Midori Takayama
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehito Niimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Malhi GS, Das P, Outhred T, Irwin L, Gessler D, Bwabi Z, Bryant R, Mannie Z. The effects of childhood trauma on adolescent hippocampal subfields. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2019; 53:447-457. [PMID: 30712362 DOI: 10.1177/0004867418824021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mood disorders are more common among girls and typically emerge during adolescence. The precise reasons for this are unknown, but among the many mechanisms implicated are stress-induced hippocampal structural changes during this developmental stage. The hippocampus is a complex structure comprised of subfields that develop differentially and respond variably to stress and childhood adversity, both of which are risk factors for mood disorders. To better understand vulnerability to mood disorders, we investigated a cohort of adolescent girls and determined volumetric changes in their hippocampal subfields to elucidate the potential effects of childhood trauma. METHODS Of the 229 participants, 201 girls (aged 12-17 years) fulfilled our analysis inclusion criteria. Of these, 76 had been exposed to higher emotional trauma (emotional abuse or neglect). The girls underwent high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging scans, and hippocampal subfield volumes were measured using FreeSurfer. We compared hippocampal subfield volumes in those exposed to higher emotional trauma and those exposed to minimal emotional trauma, at three time-points of adolescent development: early (12-13 years), mid (14-15 years) and late (16-17 years). RESULTS Mid-adolescent girls exposed to higher emotional trauma had significantly smaller left CA3 volumes than minimal emotional trauma girls ( p = 0.028). Within the minimal emotional trauma group, mid-adolescents had significantly larger left CA3 volumes than early ( p = 0.034) and late ( p = 0.036) adolescents. Within the higher emotional trauma group, early adolescents had significantly larger left CA3 volumes than late adolescents ( p = 0.036). CONCLUSION In our exploratory study, we observed higher emotional trauma-induced volume changes in the left CA3 hippocampal subfield, which varied depending on age, and may ultimately produce deficits in behavioural, cognitive and emotional processes. We propose that these changes (1) may provide a mechanism through which vulnerability to mood disorders may be increased in adolescent girls, and (2) may signal the best times to implement targeted prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gin S Malhi
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,2 Department of Psychiatry, ARCHI, Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,3 Academic Department of Psychiatry, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,4 Department of Academic Psychiatry, CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pritha Das
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,2 Department of Psychiatry, ARCHI, Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,3 Academic Department of Psychiatry, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,4 Department of Academic Psychiatry, CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Outhred
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,2 Department of Psychiatry, ARCHI, Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,3 Academic Department of Psychiatry, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,4 Department of Academic Psychiatry, CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lauren Irwin
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,2 Department of Psychiatry, ARCHI, Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,3 Academic Department of Psychiatry, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,4 Department of Academic Psychiatry, CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Danielle Gessler
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,2 Department of Psychiatry, ARCHI, Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,3 Academic Department of Psychiatry, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,4 Department of Academic Psychiatry, CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,5 Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,6 Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zina Bwabi
- 3 Academic Department of Psychiatry, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,7 Department of Music and Performing Arts Professions, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Bryant
- 8 Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zola Mannie
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,2 Department of Psychiatry, ARCHI, Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,3 Academic Department of Psychiatry, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,4 Department of Academic Psychiatry, CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,9 NSW Health and Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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20
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Suh JS, Schneider MA, Minuzzi L, MacQueen GM, Strother SC, Kennedy SH, Frey BN. Cortical thickness in major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 88:287-302. [PMID: 30118825 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies assessing neurobiological differences between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls (HC) are often hindered by small sample sizes and heterogeneity of the patient sample. We performed a comprehensive literature search for studies assessing cortical thickness between patient and control groups, including studies investigating treatment effects on cortical thickness. We identified 34 studies meeting criteria for the systematic review and used Seed-based d Mapping to meta-analyze 24 of those that met additional criteria. Analysis of the full sample of subjects (MDD = 1073; HC = 936) revealed significant thinning in the MDD group in the bilateral orbitofrontal gyrus (BA 11), left pars opercularis (BA 45) and left calcarine fissure/lingual gyrus (BA 17), as well as an area of significant thickening in the left supramarginal gyrus (BA 40). These results support other imaging modalities that report disruptions in various frontal and temporal areas in MDD and identify additional areas in all major cerebral lobes likely to be significant when parsing for biomarkers of treatment or relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Su Suh
- MiNDS Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Maiko Abel Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciano Minuzzi
- MiNDS Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Glenda M MacQueen
- Department of Psychiatry, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stephen C Strother
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Canadian Biomarker Integration Network for Depression, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Chair in Suicide & Depression Studies, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benicio N Frey
- MiNDS Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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21
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Changes in neuroplasticity following early-life social adversities: the possible role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Pediatr Res 2019; 85:225-233. [PMID: 30341412 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Social adversities experienced in childhood can have a profound impact on the developing brain, leading to the emergence of psychopathologies in adulthood. Despite the burden this places on both the individual and society, the neurobiological aspects mediating this transition remain unclear. Recent advances in preclinical and clinical research have begun examining neuroplasticity-the nervous system's ability to form adaptive changes in response to new experience-in the context of early-life vulnerability to social adversities and plasticity-related alterations following such traumatic events. A key mediator of plasticity-related molecular processes is the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which has also been implicated in various psychiatric disorders related to childhood social adversities. Preclinical and clinical data suggest early-life social adversities (ELSA) might be associated with accelerated maturation of social network circuitry, a possible ontogenic adaptation to the adverse environment. Neural plasticity decreases by adulthood, lessening the efficacy of treatment in ELSA-related psychiatric disorders. However, literature data suggest that by increasing BDNF/TrkB signalling through antidepressant treatment a juvenile-like plasticity state can be induced, which allows for reorganization of the social circuitry when guided by psychotherapy and surrounded by a safe and positive environment.
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Whittle S, Simmons JG, Hendriksma S, Vijayakumar N, Byrne ML, Dennison M, Allen NB. Childhood maltreatment, psychopathology, and the development of hippocampal subregions during adolescence. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00607. [PMID: 28239518 PMCID: PMC5318361 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is well established that childhood maltreatment has a detrimental impact on the brain, particularly the hippocampus. However, the hippocampus is a functionally and structurally heterogeneous region, and little is known about how maltreatment might affect hippocampal subregion development throughout important periods of plasticity. This study investigated whether childhood maltreatment was associated with the development of hippocampal subregion volumes from early to late adolescence. It also investigated associations between onset of psychiatric disorder and hippocampal subregion volume development. METHODS One hundred and sixty-six (85 male) adolescents took part in three magnetic resonance imaging assessments during adolescence (mean age at each assessment: 12.79 [SD 0.43] years, 16.70 [SD 0.52] years, and 19.08 [SD 0.46] years), provided a self-report of childhood maltreatment, and were assessed for Axis I psychopathology. RESULTS Childhood maltreatment was associated with the development of right total and left cornu ammonis 4 (CA4-DG) volumes from early to late adolescence. Early and late onset psychopathology was associated with the development of right presubiculum and right cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) volumes, respectively. Maltreatment findings appeared to be specific to males, whereas psychopathology findings appeared to be specific to females. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence for possible deleterious effects of childhood maltreatment and early onset psychiatric disorder on the development of different subregions of the hippocampus. Altered development of the right CA1, on the other hand, might precede the development of late-adolescent onset psychopathology. Our results highlight the importance of considering development in research examining associations between stress, mental illness, and hippocampal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre Department of Psychiatry The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health Parkville Vic. Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Julian G Simmons
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre Department of Psychiatry The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health Parkville Vic. Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Sylke Hendriksma
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre Department of Psychiatry The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health Parkville Vic. Australia
| | | | | | - Meg Dennison
- Department of Psychology University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia; Department of Psychology University of Oregon Eugene OR USA
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