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Jimbo K, Kawamata T, Inamoto Y, Ito A, Yokoyama K, Sato A, Fukuda T, Uchimaru K, Nannya Y. Flow cytometric profiles with CD7 and CADM1 in CD4+ T cells are promising indicators for prognosis of aggressive ATL. Blood Adv 2024; 8:3760-3770. [PMID: 38820467 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2024013089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a poor prognosis hematological malignancy originating from human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV-1)-infected CD4+ T cells. Flow cytometric plots of CADM1 and CD7 in CD4+ T cells are useful for separating HTLV-1-uninfected T cells and ATL cells. They are indicators of clonal evolution of HTLV-1-infected cells and disease progression of asymptomatic carriers or indolent ATL. However, the impacts of the plots on the clinical course or prognosis of ATL, especially in aggressive ATL, remain unclear. We focused on the N fraction (CD4+ CADM1+ CD7-) reflecting ATL cells and analyzed the flow cytometric profiles and clinical course of 497 samples from 92 HTLV-1-infected patients who were mainly aggressive ATL. The parameters based on N fractions showed significant correlations with known indicators of ATL disease status (soluble interleukin-2 receptor, lactate dehydrogenase, abnormal lymphocytes, etc.) and sensitively reflected the treatment response of aggressive ATL. The parameters based on N fractions significantly stratified the prognosis of aggressive ATL at 4 different time points: before treatment, after 1 course of chemotherapy, at the best response after chemotherapy, and before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Even after mogamulizumab administration, which shows potent effects for peripheral blood lesions, the N fraction was still a useful indicator for prognostic estimation. In summary, this report shows that CADM1 vs CD7 plots in CD4+ T cells are useful indicators of the clinical course and prognosis of aggressive ATL. Therefore, this CADM1 and CD7 profile is suggested to be a useful prognostic indicator consistently from HTLV-1 carriers to aggressive ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Jimbo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyotaka Kawamata
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Inamoto
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumu Ito
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yokoyama
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki Sato
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukuda
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Uchimaru
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Nannya
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Yuan J, Yu Y, Li S, Zhang X, Zhang C, Li R, Hu J, Si S, Zhang C, Xiang J, Li F. Shrimp shapes a resistance trait against vibriosis by memorizing the colonization resistance of intestinal microbiota. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012321. [PMID: 38990823 PMCID: PMC11239079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibriosis is one of the most serious diseases that commonly occurs in aquatic animals, thus, shaping a steady inherited resistance trait in organisms has received the highest priority in aquaculture. Whereas, the mechanisms underlying the development of such a resistance trait are mostly elusive. In this study, we constructed vibriosis-resistant and susceptible families of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei after four generations of artificial selection. Microbiome sequencing indicated that shrimp can successfully develop a colonization resistance trait against Vibrio infections. This trait was characterized by a microbial community structure with specific enrichment of a single probiotic species (namely Shewanella algae), and notably, its formation was inheritable and might be memorized by host epigenetic remodeling. Regardless of the infection status, a group of genes was specifically activated in the resistant family through disruption of complete methylation. Specifically, hypo-methylation and hyper-expression of genes related to lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and iron homeostasis might provide rich sources of specific carbon (lactate) and ions for the colonization of S. algae, which directly results in the reduction of Vibrio load in shrimp. Lactate feeding increased the survival of shrimp, while knockdown of LDH gene decreased the survival when shrimp was infected by Vibrio pathogens. In addition, treatment of shrimp with the methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine resulted in upregulations of LDH and some protein processing genes, significant enrichment of S. algae, and simultaneous reduction of Vibrio in shrimp. Our results suggest that the colonization resistance can be memorized as epigenetic information by the host, which has played a pivotal role in vibriosis resistance. The findings of this study will aid in disease control and the selection of superior lines of shrimp with high disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Yuan
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shihao Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuntao Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Roujing Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Hu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuqing Si
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyi Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhai Xiang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Rosada A, Prpic M, Spieß E, Friedrich K, Neuwinger N, Müller-Werdan U, Kappert K. Underfilled blood collection tubes as pathologizing factor for measured laboratory parameters in older patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 2024; 72:1553-1556. [PMID: 38314861 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Rosada
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Prpic
- Institute of Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eileen Spieß
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Friedrich
- Institute of Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nick Neuwinger
- Institute of Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ursula Müller-Werdan
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Kappert
- Institute of Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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González-Arostegui LG, Muñoz-Prieto A, Rubio CP, Cerón JJ, Bernal L, Rubić I, Mrljak V, González-Sánchez JC, Tvarijonaviciute A. Changes of the salivary and serum proteome in canine hypothyroidism. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2024; 86:106825. [PMID: 37980820 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2023.106825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, changes in salivary and serum proteome of dogs with hypothyroidism were studied using tandem mass tags (TMT) labelling and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Saliva and serum proteome from 10 dogs with hypothyroidism were compared with 10 healthy dogs. In saliva, a total of seven proteins showed significant changes between the two groups, being six downregulated and one upregulated, meanwhile, in serum, a total of six proteins showed significant changes, being five downregulated and one upregulated. The altered proteins reflected metabolic and immunologic changes, as well as, skin and coagulation alterations, and these proteins were not affected by gender. One of the proteins that were downregulated in saliva, lactate dehydrognease (LDH), was measured by a spectrophotometric assay in saliva samples from 42 dogs with hypothyroidism, 42 dogs with non-thyroid diseases and 46 healthy dogs. The activity of LDH was lower in the saliva of hypothyroid dogs when compared to non-thyroid diseased dogs and healthy controls. This study indicates that canine hypothyroidism can produce changes in the proteome of saliva and serum. These two sample types showed different variations in their proteins reflecting physiopathological changes that occur in this disease, mainly related to the immune system, metabolism, skin and coagulation. In addition, some of the proteins identified in this study, specially LDH in saliva, should be further explored as potential biomarkers of canine hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G González-Arostegui
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Muñoz-Prieto
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - C P Rubio
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - J J Cerón
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - L Bernal
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - I Rubić
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - V Mrljak
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J C González-Sánchez
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Tvarijonaviciute
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Shuanglian Y, Huiling Z, Xunting L, Yifang D, Yufen L, Shanshan X, Lijuan S, Yunpeng L. Establishment and validation of early prediction model for hypertriglyceridemic severe acute pancreatitis. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:218. [PMID: 38066493 PMCID: PMC10709974 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01984-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) is increasing due to improvements in living standards and dietary changes. However, currently, there is no clinical multifactor scoring system specific to HTG-AP. This study aimed to screen the predictors of HTG-SAP and combine several indicators to establish and validate a visual model for the early prediction of HTG-SAP. METHODS The clinical data of 266 patients with HTG-SAP were analysed. Patients were classified into severe (N = 42) and non-severe (N = 224) groups according to the Atlanta classification criteria. Several statistical analyses, including one-way analysis, least absolute shrinkage with selection operator (LASSO) regression model, and binary logistic regression analysis, were used to evaluate the data. RESULTS The univariate analysis showed that several factors showed no statistically significant differences, including the number of episodes of pancreatitis, abdominal pain score, and several blood diagnostic markers, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum calcium (Ca2+), C-reactive protein (CRP), and the incidence of pleural effusion, between the two groups (P < 0.000). LASSO regression analysis identified six candidate predictors: CRP, LDH, Ca2+, procalcitonin (PCT), ascites, and Balthazar computed tomography grade. Binary logistic regression multivariate analysis showed that CRP, LDH, Ca2+, and ascites were independent predictors of HTG-SAP, and the area under the curve (AUC) values were 0.886, 0.893, 0.872, and 0.850, respectively. The AUC of the newly established HTG-SAP model was 0.960 (95% confidence interval: 0.936-0.983), which was higher than that of the bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) score, modified CT severity index, Ranson score, and Japanese severity score (JSS) CT grade (AUC: 0.794, 0.796, 0.894 and 0.764, respectively). The differences were significant (P < 0.01), except for the JSS prognostic indicators (P = 0.130). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that the predictive results of the model were highly consistent with the actual situation (P > 0.05). The decision curve analysis plot suggested that clinical intervention can benefit patients when the model predicts that they are at risk for developing HTG-SAP. CONCLUSIONS CRP, LDH, Ca2+, and ascites are independent predictors of HTG-SAP. The prediction model constructed based on these indicators has a high accuracy, sensitivity, consistency, and practicability in predicting HTG-SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shuanglian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Intestinal Microbiome and Human Health, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
- Department of Digestive Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
| | - Zeng Huiling
- Department of Gastroenterology, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Intestinal Microbiome and Human Health, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
- Department of Digestive Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xunting
- Department of Gastroenterology, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Intestinal Microbiome and Human Health, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
- Department of Digestive Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
| | - Deng Yifang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Intestinal Microbiome and Human Health, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
- Department of Digestive Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
| | - Lin Yufen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Intestinal Microbiome and Human Health, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
- Department of Digestive Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
| | - Xie Shanshan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Intestinal Microbiome and Human Health, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
- Department of Digestive Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China
| | - Si Lijuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China.
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Intestinal Microbiome and Human Health, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China.
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China.
- Department of Digestive Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China.
| | - Liu Yunpeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China.
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Intestinal Microbiome and Human Health, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China.
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China.
- Department of Digestive Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, P. R. China.
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Monsorno K, Ginggen K, Ivanov A, Buckinx A, Lalive AL, Tchenio A, Benson S, Vendrell M, D'Alessandro A, Beule D, Pellerin L, Mameli M, Paolicelli RC. Loss of microglial MCT4 leads to defective synaptic pruning and anxiety-like behavior in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5749. [PMID: 37717033 PMCID: PMC10505217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system, actively participate in brain development by supporting neuronal maturation and refining synaptic connections. These cells are emerging as highly metabolically flexible, able to oxidize different energetic substrates to meet their energy demand. Lactate is particularly abundant in the brain, but whether microglia use it as a metabolic fuel has been poorly explored. Here we show that microglia can import lactate, and this is coupled with increased lysosomal acidification. In vitro, loss of the monocarboxylate transporter MCT4 in microglia prevents lactate-induced lysosomal modulation and leads to defective cargo degradation. Microglial depletion of MCT4 in vivo leads to impaired synaptic pruning, associated with increased excitation in hippocampal neurons, enhanced AMPA/GABA ratio, vulnerability to seizures and anxiety-like phenotype. Overall, these findings show that selective disruption of the MCT4 transporter in microglia is sufficient to alter synapse refinement and to induce defects in mouse brain development and adult behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Monsorno
- University of Lausanne, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kyllian Ginggen
- University of Lausanne, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andranik Ivanov
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - An Buckinx
- University of Lausanne, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud L Lalive
- University of Lausanne, Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Tchenio
- University of Lausanne, Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sam Benson
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Vendrell
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Dieter Beule
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Inserm U1313, University of Poitiers and CHU of Poitiers, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Manuel Mameli
- University of Lausanne, Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Long Z, Qin H, Huang Z, Xu A, Ye Y, Li Z. Effects of heat stress on physiological parameters, biochemical parameters and expression of heat stress protein gene in Lateolabraxmaculatus. J Therm Biol 2023; 115:103606. [PMID: 37385109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
With global warming and the increasing frequency of extreme heat, we have to consider the heat tolerance of fish to sudden high temperatures. This study investigated the effects of high temperature (32 °C) on physiology and biochemistry and heat shock proteins (HSPs) gene of spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus). The spotted sea bass (14.7 ± 1.54 g) temporarily cultured at 26 °C was directly transferred to the 32 °C high temperature group, and the gill morphology, liver antioxidant activity, respiratory metabolism related enzyme activity and the expression of five HSP70 family members genes were measured at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The results showed that 32 °C had damage effect on gill tissue and antioxidant system, and the damage degree increased with high temperature. Respiratory rate and malondialdehyde increased gradually with the continuous heat stress. Superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity increased briefly and then decreased continuously. Succinate dehydrogenase decreased to the lowest value at 24 h and then continued to increase. Lactate dehydrogenase decreased continuously; the expression of HSP70 increased rapidly and then decreased. These results indicated that the antioxidant system and HSP70 were activated under heat stress condition and provided protection to the body, but with the continuous high temperature, the protective effect was limited, and the fish body was irreversibly damaged. It is necessary to pay close attention to the temperature change in the production practice of spotted sea bass to reduce the influence caused by high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongying Long
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Huihui Qin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhangfan Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Anle Xu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Youling Ye
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhongbao Li
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China.
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Adki KM, Kulkarni YA. Paeonol attenuates retinopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats by regulating the oxidative stress and polyol pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:891485. [PMID: 36160440 PMCID: PMC9490113 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.891485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current research work was planned to study the effects of paeonol in the management of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats using Streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.). After 4 weeks, the diabetic animals were treated with paeonol at a dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight daily for the next 4 weeks. At the end of treatment, retinal physiology was studied by recording an electroretinogram (ERG); biochemical parameters and oxidative stress were estimated. The histopathology of the retina was also carried out at the end of the study. The ERG of paeonol-treated animals showed a significant improvement in a-wave amplitude, b-wave amplitude, a-wave latency, and b-wave latency (p < 0.001) at 15 cd s/m2 when compared with the diabetic control animals. The paeonol treatment (200 mg/kg) in diabetic animals showed a significant decrease in the plasma glucose level (p < 0.001) when compared to the animals in diabetic control group. Paeonol also significantly decreased the lactate dehydrogenase, aldose reductase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase levels when compared with the diabetic control animals. The oxidative stress in the eye was significantly reduced after the paeonol treatment in the diabetic rats. The histopathology showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the retinal thickness after the paeonol treatment. The results of the study indicate that paeonol can be considered an effective management option for diabetic retinopathy.
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MYCN and Metabolic Reprogramming in Neuroblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174113. [PMID: 36077650 PMCID: PMC9455056 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer responsible for approximately 15% of all childhood cancer deaths. Aberrant MYCN activation, as a result of genomic MYCN amplification, is a major driver of high-risk neuroblastoma, which has an overall survival rate of less than 50%, despite the best treatments currently available. Metabolic reprogramming is an integral part of the growth-promoting program driven by MYCN, which fuels cell growth and proliferation by increasing the uptake and catabolism of nutrients, biosynthesis of macromolecules, and production of energy. This reprogramming process also generates metabolic vulnerabilities that can be exploited for therapy. In this review, we present our current understanding of metabolic reprogramming in neuroblastoma, focusing on transcriptional regulation as a key mechanism in driving the reprogramming process. We also highlight some important areas that need to be explored for the successful development of metabolism-based therapy against high-risk neuroblastoma.
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10
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Yin L, Liang C, Wei W, Huang S, Ren Y, Geng Y, Huang X, Chen D, Guo H, Fang J, Deng H, Lai W, Yu S, Ouyang P. The Antibacterial Activity of Thymol Against Drug-Resistant Streptococcus iniae and Its Protective Effect on Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Front Microbiol 2022; 13:914868. [PMID: 35733967 PMCID: PMC9207766 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.914868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus iniae is a zoonotic pathogen, which seriously threatens aquaculture and human health worldwide. Antibiotics are the preferred way to treat S. iniae infection. However, the unreasonable use of antibiotics leads to the enhancement of bacterial resistance, which is not conducive to the prevention and treatment of this disease. Therefore, it is urgent to find new efficient and environmentally friendly antibacterial agents to replace traditional antibiotics. In this study, the antibacterial activity and potential mechanism of thymol against S. iniae were evaluated by electron microscopy, lactate dehydrogenase, DNA and protein leakage and transcriptomic analysis. Thymol exhibited potent antibacterial activity against S. iniae in vitro, and the MIC and MBC were 128 and 256μg/mL, respectively. SEM and TEM images showed that the cell membrane and cell wall were damaged, and the cells were abnormally enlarged and divided. 2MIC thymol disrupted the integrity of cell walls and membranes, resulting in the release of intracellular macromolecules including nucleotides, proteins and inorganic ions. The results of transcriptomic analysis indicated that thymol interfered with energy metabolism and membrane transport, affected DNA replication, repair and transcription in S. iniae. In vivo studies showed that thymol had a protective effect on experimental S. iniae infection in channel catfish. It could reduce the cumulative mortality of channel catfish and the number of S. iniae colonization in tissues, and increase the activities of non-specific immune enzymes in serum, including catalase, superoxide dismutase, lysozyme and acid phosphatase. Taken together, these findings suggested that thymol may be a candidate plant agent to replace traditional antibiotics for the prevention and treatment of S. iniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizi Yin
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyan Wei
- Aquaculture Research Institute, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuanghui Huang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongqiang Ren
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weimin Lai
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Ouyang
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11
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Serum biomarkers for the assessment of muscle damage in various surgical approaches in primary total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review of comparative studies. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2022; 46:1681-1692. [PMID: 35641792 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-022-05442-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Using serum biomarkers, this systematic review assessed soft tissue injury following different total hip arthroplasty surgical approaches. The purposes were to determine if there is any advantage between the standard and minimal invasive approaches, and to compare tissue damage of the respective surgical approaches using biomarkers such as creatine kinase, myoglobin, c-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, skeletal troponin and interleukins. METHOD A search in Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science databases was conducted in October 2021 with the use of PRISMA guidelines. Search items were ("biomarkers" OR "markers" OR "tissue damage" OR "muscle damage") AND "approach" AND ("total hip arthroplasty" OR "total hip replacement"). Inclusion criteria were prospective, randomized, controlled trials or prospective, comparative studies, comparing serum markers for muscle damage in two or more surgical approaches for primary total hip arthroplasty. Exclusion criteria were study protocols, case reports, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, studies in non-English language or without available full text, and studies not recording biomarkers of muscle damage. RESULTS Initial search revealed 508 studies; after subtraction of duplicates, and exclusion criteria, 31 studies remained for analysis. No advantage between different approaches was found when evaluating biomarkers, and no specific biomarkers had a distinct role in tissue damage in total hip arthroplasty. Anterior and minimally invasive approaches were associated with lower values of soft tissue (creatine kinase) and inflammation (c-reactive protein) biomarkers compared to the standard approaches. CONCLUSION Measurement of serum biomarkers after primary total hip arthroplasty for the estimation of tissue damage has unclear or little clinical value. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO Registration: CRD42022303959.
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12
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Bouchez CL, Daubon T, Mourier A. NADH-independent enzymatic assay to quantify extracellular and intracellular L-lactate levels. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101403. [PMID: 35600935 PMCID: PMC9120226 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle L. Bouchez
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Corresponding author
| | - Thomas Daubon
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Arnaud Mourier
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Corresponding author
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13
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Zou Z, Harris LK, Forbes K, Heazell AEP. Placental expression of Estrogen related receptor gamma (ESRRG) is reduced in FGR pregnancies and is mediated by hypoxia. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:846-857. [PMID: 35594451 PMCID: PMC9476228 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) describes a fetus which has not achieved its genetic growth potential; it is closely linked to placental dysfunction and uteroplacental hypoxia. Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ESRRG) is regulated by hypoxia and is highly expressed in the placenta. We hypothesized ESRRG is a regulator of hypoxia-mediated placental dysfunction in FGR pregnancies. Placentas were collected from women delivering appropriate for gestational age (AGA; n = 14) or FGR (n = 14) infants. Placental explants (n = 15) from uncomplicated pregnancies were cultured for up to 4 days in 21% or 1% O2, or with 200 μM cobalt chloride (CoCl2), or treated with the ESRRG agonists DY131 under different oxygen concentrations. RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunochemistry were used to assess mRNA and protein levels of ESRRG and its localization in placental tissue from FGR or AGA pregnancies, and in cultured placental explants. ESRRG mRNA and protein expression were significantly reduced in FGR placentas, as was mRNA expression of the downstream targets of ESRRG, hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 (HSD11B2), and cytochrome P-450 (CYP19A1.1). Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha protein localized to the nuclei of the cytotrophoblasts and stromal cells in the explants exposed to CoCl2 or 1% O2. Both hypoxia and CoCl2 treatment decreased ESRRG and its downstream genes’ mRNA expression, but not ESRRG protein expression. DY131 increased the expression of ESRRG signaling pathways and prevented abnormal cell turnover induced by hypoxia. These data show that placental ESRRG is hypoxia-sensitive and altered ESRRG-mediated signaling may contribute to hypoxia-induced placental dysfunction in FGR. Furthermore, DY131 could be used as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of placental dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zou
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 5th floor (Research), St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK, M13 9WL.,St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Lynda K Harris
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 5th floor (Research), St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK, M13 9WL.,St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Karen Forbes
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 5th floor (Research), St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK, M13 9WL.,St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alexander E P Heazell
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 5th floor (Research), St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK, M13 9WL.,St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
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14
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von Morze C, Blazey T, Baeza R, Garipov R, Whitehead T, Reed GD, Garbow JR, Shoghi KI. Multi-band echo-planar spectroscopic imaging of hyperpolarized 13 C probes in a compact preclinical PET/MR scanner. Magn Reson Med 2022; 87:2120-2129. [PMID: 34971459 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C MRI has enabled real-time imaging of specific enzyme-catalyzed metabolic reactions, but advanced pulse sequences are necessary to capture the dynamic, localized metabolic information. Herein we describe the design, implementation, and testing of a rapid and efficient HP 13 C pulse sequence strategy on a cryogen-free simultaneous positron emission tomography/MR molecular imaging platform with compact footprint. METHODS We developed an echo planar spectroscopic imaging pulse sequence incorporating multi-band spectral-spatial radiofrequency (SSRF) pulses for spatially coregistered excitation of 13 C metabolites with differential individual flip angles. Excitation profiles were measured in phantoms, and the SSRF-echo planar spectroscopic imaging sequence was tested in rats in vivo and compared to conventional echo planar spectroscopic imaging. The new sequence was applied for 2D dynamic metabolic imaging of HP [1-13 C]pyruvate and its molecular analog [1-13 C] α -ketobutyrate at a spatial resolution of 5 mm × 5 mm × 20 mm and temporal resolution of 4 s. We also obtained simultaneous 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography data for comparison with HP [1-13 C]pyruvate data acquired during the same scan session. RESULTS Measured SSRF excitation profiles corresponded well to Bloch simulations. Multi-band SSRF excitation facilitated efficient sampling of the multi-spectral kinetics of [1-13 C]pyruvate and [1-13 C] α - ketobutyrate . Whereas high pyruvate to lactate conversion was observed in liver, corresponding reduction of α -ketobutyrate to [1-13 C] α -hydroxybutyrate ( α HB) was largely restricted to the kidneys and heart, consistent with the known expression pattern of lactate dehydrogenase B. CONCLUSION Advanced 13 C SSRF imaging approaches are feasible on our compact positron emission tomography/MR platform, maximizing the potential of HP 13 C technology and facilitating direct comparison with positron emission tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius von Morze
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tyler Blazey
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Timothy Whitehead
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Joel R Garbow
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kooresh I Shoghi
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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15
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Zou Z, Harris LK, Forbes K, Heazell AEP. Sex-specific effects of Bisphenol a on the signalling pathway of ESRRG in the human placenta. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:1278-1291. [PMID: 35220427 PMCID: PMC9198953 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure during pregnancy is associated with low fetal weight, particularly in male fetuses. The expression of estrogen-related receptor gamma (ESRRG), a receptor for BPA in the human placenta, is reduced in fetal growth restriction. This study sought to explore whether ESRRG signaling mediates BPA-induced placental dysfunction and determine whether changes in the ESRRG signaling pathway are sex-specific. Placental villous explants from 18 normal term pregnancies were cultured with a range of BPA concentrations (1 nM–1 μM). Baseline BPA concentrations in the placental tissue used for explant culture ranged from 0.04 to 5.1 nM (average 2.3 ±1.9 nM; n = 6). Expression of ESRRG signaling pathway constituents and cell turnover were quantified. BPA (1 μM) increased ESRRG mRNA expression after 24 h in both sexes. ESRRG mRNA and protein expression was increased in female placentas treated with 1 μM BPA for 24 h but was decreased in male placentas treated with 1 nM or 1 μM for 48 h. Levels of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD17B1) and placenta specific-1 (PLAC1), genes downstream of ESRRG, were also affected. HSD17B1 mRNA expression was increased in female placentas by 1 μM BPA; however, 1 nM BPA reduced HSD17B1 and PLAC1 expression in male placentas at 48 h. BPA treatment did not affect rates of proliferation, apoptosis, or syncytiotrophoblast differentiation in cultured villous explants. This study has demonstrated that BPA affects the ESRRG signaling pathway in a sex-specific manner in human placentas and a possible biological mechanism to explain the differential effects of BPA exposure on male and female fetuses observed in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zou
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, 5th floor (Research), St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK, M13 9WL
| | - Lynda K Harris
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, 5th floor (Research), St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK, M13 9WL
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Karen Forbes
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, 5th floor (Research), St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK, M13 9WL
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alexander E P Heazell
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, 5th floor (Research), St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK, M13 9WL
- St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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16
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Fujibuchi T, Imai H, Kidani T, Morino T, Miura H. Serum lactate dehydrogenase levels predict the prognosis of patients with soft tissue sarcoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 16:65. [PMID: 35154705 PMCID: PMC8822601 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2022.2498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported the prognostic factors for soft tissue sarcoma. Although serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels are associated with poor prognosis in several types of cancer, their role in soft tissue sarcomas remains unclear. Therefore, the present study evaluated the association between serum LDH levels and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of soft tissue sarcoma. A total of 103 patients diagnosed with primary soft tissue sarcoma between 2003 and 2019 were retrospectively examined, and the association between serum LDH levels at the first visit and clinical characteristics were analysed. In high-grade soft tissue sarcoma, the association between survival and clinical characteristics, including stratified LDH levels, was also analysed. Serum LDH levels were stratified (>253 and ≤253 IU/l) according to the standard values used at our institution. High serum LDH levels were significantly associated with the presence of metastasis and histological grade (P<0.001 and 0.040, respectively). In both the univariate and multivariate analyses, disease-specific survival (DSS) was significantly worse in patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcoma and high serum LDH levels than in patients with normal serum LDH levels (univariate analysis: P=0.025; multivariate analysis: Hazard ratio, 4.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-18.2; P=0.030). In conclusion, high serum LDH levels at the first visit predicted the presence of distant metastasis, high histological grade and worse DSS in patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcoma. Therefore, in patients with high serum LDH levels at the first visit, these risks should be considered during pretreatment examinations and post-treatment follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taketsugu Fujibuchi
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imai
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Teruki Kidani
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Tadao Morino
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Miura
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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17
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Gonçalves SC, Bassi BL, Kangussu LM, Alves DT, Ramos LK, Fernandes LF, Alves MT, Sinisterra R, Bruch GE, Santos RA, Massensini AR, Campagnole-Santos MJ. Alamandine Induces Neuroprotection in Ischemic Stroke Models. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:3483-3498. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220204145730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective:
Stroke, a leading cause of mortality and disability, characterized by neuronal death, can be induced by a reduction or interruption of blood flow. In this study, the role of Alamandine, a new peptide of the renin-angiotensin system, was evaluated in in-vitro and in-vivo brain ischemia models.
Method:
In the in-vitro model, hippocampal slices from male C57/Bl6 mice were placed in a glucose-free aCSF solution and bubbled with 95% N2 and 5% CO2 to mimic brain ischemia. An Alamandine concentration-response curve was generated to evaluate cell damage, glutamatergic excitotoxicity, and cell death. In the in-vivo model, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion was induced by bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries (BCCAo-untreated) in SD rats. An intracerebroventricular injection of Alamandine was given 20–30 min before BCCAo. Animals were subjected to neurological tests 24 h and 72 h after BCCAo. Cytokine levels, oxidative stress markers, and immunofluorescence were assessed in the brain 72 h after BCCAo.
Results:
Alamandine was able to protect brain slices from cellular damage, excitotoxicity and cell death. When the Alamandine receptor was blocked, protective effects were lost. ICV injection of Alamandine attenuated neurological deficits of animals subjected to BCCAo and reduced the number of apoptotic neurons/cells. Furthermore, Alamandine induced anti-inflammatory effects in BCCAo animals as shown by reductions in TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and antioxidant effects through attenuation of the decreased SOD, catalase, and GSH activities in the brain.
Conclusion:
This study showed, for the first time, a neuroprotective role for Alamandine in different ischemic stroke models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gisele E. Bruch
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics
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18
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Westbrook RL, Bridges E, Roberts J, Escribano-Gonzalez C, Eales KL, Vettore LA, Walker PD, Vera-Siguenza E, Rana H, Cuozzo F, Eskla KL, Vellama H, Shaaban A, Nixon C, Luuk H, Lavery GG, Hodson DJ, Harris AL, Tennant DA. Proline synthesis through PYCR1 is required to support cancer cell proliferation and survival in oxygen-limiting conditions. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110320. [PMID: 35108535 PMCID: PMC8822494 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The demands of cancer cell proliferation alongside an inadequate angiogenic response lead to insufficient oxygen availability in the tumor microenvironment. Within the mitochondria, oxygen is the major electron acceptor for NADH, with the result that the reducing potential produced through tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity and mitochondrial respiration are functionally linked. As the oxidizing activity of the TCA cycle is required for efficient synthesis of anabolic precursors, tumoral hypoxia could lead to a cessation of proliferation without another means of correcting the redox imbalance. We show that in hypoxic conditions, mitochondrial pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) activity is increased, oxidizing NADH with the synthesis of proline as a by-product. We further show that PYCR1 activity is required for the successful maintenance of hypoxic regions by permitting continued TCA cycle activity, and that its loss leads to significantly increased hypoxia in vivo and in 3D culture, resulting in widespread cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Westbrook
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Esther Bridges
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Jennie Roberts
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Cristina Escribano-Gonzalez
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Katherine L Eales
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lisa A Vettore
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paul D Walker
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Elias Vera-Siguenza
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Himani Rana
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Federica Cuozzo
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kattri-Liis Eskla
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hans Vellama
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Abeer Shaaban
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Hendrik Luuk
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gareth G Lavery
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Daniel A Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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19
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Zou M, Zhai Y, Mei X, Wei X. Lactate dehydrogenase and the severity of adenoviral pneumonia in children: A meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1059728. [PMID: 36776678 PMCID: PMC9909094 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1059728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with severe adenoviral pneumonia (ADVP) have poor prognosis and high risk of mortality. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between pretreatment lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and severity, postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO), and mortality in children with ADVP. METHODS Relevant observational studies were identified by search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI databases from inception to August 3, 2022. A random effect model was used to pool the results by incorporating the potential between-study heterogeneity. RESULTS Overall, 23 studies with 4,481 children with ADVP were included in this meta-analysis. Results of meta-analysis showed that children with severe ADVP had a significantly higher level of pretreatment LDH as compared to those with non-severe ADVP (standard mean difference [SMD]: 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36 to 0.66, p < 0.001; I 2 = 69%). Besides, pooled results also suggested that the pretreatment LDH was significantly higher in children who developed PIBO as compared to those who did not (SMD: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.84, p = 0.02, I 2 = 80%). Finally, results of the meta-analysis also confirmed that a higher pretreatment LDH (>500 IU/L) was a risk factor of increased mortality during hospitalization (odds ratio: 3.10, 95% CI: 1.62 to 5.92, p < 0.001, I 2 = 0%). Sensitivity analyses by excluding one dataset at a time showed consistent results. CONCLUSION High pretreatment LDH may be associated with disease severity, development of PIBO, and increased risk of mortality in children with ADVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Yang Zhai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,International Medical Department, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoping Mei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Zhuang Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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Adaptation Mechanisms of Yak ( Bos grunniens) to High-Altitude Environmental Stress. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082344. [PMID: 34438801 PMCID: PMC8388626 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Living at a high altitude involves many environmental challenges. The combined effects of hypoxia and cold stress impose severe physiological challenges on endothermic animals. The yak is integral to the livelihood of the people occupying the vast, inhospitable Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and the surrounding mountainous region. Due to long-term selection, the yak exhibits stable and unique genetic characteristics which enable physiological, biochemical, and morphological adaptations to a high altitude. Thus, the yak is a representative model for mammalian plateau-adaptability studies. Understanding coping mechanisms provides unique insights into adaptive evolution, thus informing the breeding of domestic yaks. This review provides an overview of genetic adaptations in Bos grunniens to high-altitude environmental stress. Combined genomics and theoretical advances have informed the genetic basis of high-altitude adaptations.
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Khan AA, Allemailem KS, Alhumaydhi FA, Gowder SJT, Rahmani AH. The Biochemical and Clinical Perspectives of Lactate Dehydrogenase: An Enzyme of Active Metabolism. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:855-868. [PMID: 31886754 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666191230141110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a group of oxidoreductase isoenzymes catalyzing the reversible reaction between pyruvate and lactate. The five isoforms of this enzyme, formed from two subunits, vary in isoelectric points and these isoforms have different substrate affinity, inhibition constants and electrophoretic mobility. These diverse biochemical properties play a key role in its cellular, tissue and organ specificity. Though LDH is predominantly present in the cytoplasm, it has a multi-organellar location as well. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this review article is to provide an update in parallel, the previous and recent biochemical views and its clinical significance in different diseases. METHODS With the help of certain inhibitors, its active site three-dimensional view, reactions mechanisms and metabolic pathways have been sorted out to a greater extent. Overexpression of LDH in different cancers plays a principal role in anaerobic cellular metabolism, hence several inhibitors have been designed to employ as novel anticancer agents. DISCUSSION LDH performs a very important role in overall body metabolism and some signals can induce isoenzyme switching under certain circumstances, ensuring that the tissues consistently maintain adequate ATP supply. This enzyme also experiences some posttranslational modifications, to have diversified metabolic roles. Different toxicological and pathological complications damage various organs, which ultimately result in leakage of this enzyme in serum. Hence, unusual LDH isoform level in serum serves as a significant biomarker of different diseases. CONCLUSION LDH is an important diagnostic biomarker for some common diseases like cancer, thyroid disorders, tuberculosis, etc. In general, LDH plays a key role in the clinical diagnosis of various common and rare diseases, as this enzyme has a prominent role in active metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad A Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia,Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sivakumar J T Gowder
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City,
Vietnam,Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Vietnam
| | - Arshad H Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Su D, Li J, Ren J, Gao Y, Li R, Jin X, Zhang J, Wang G. The relationship between serum lactate dehydrogenase level and mortality in critically ill patients. Biomark Med 2021; 15:551-559. [PMID: 33988459 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To assess the association between serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and mortality in intensive care unit patients. Materials & methods: A total of 1981 patients in the eICU Collaborative Research Database were divided into four groups according to quartiles of LDH levels. Logistic regressions were performed. Results: Elevated LDH levels were significantly associated with higher mortality (intensive care unit mortality: Q2 vs Q1: 1.046 [0.622-1.758]; Q3 vs Q1: 1.667 [1.029-2.699]; and Q4 vs Q1: 1.760 [1.092-2.839]). Similar results persisted in patients with different acute physiology and chronic health evaluation IV scores, and with or without sepsis. Conclusion: The serum LDH level may aid in the early identification of mortality risk in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Su
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiamei Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiajia Ren
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruohan Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuting Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Chan QWT, Rogalski J, Moon KM, Foster LJ. The application of forensic proteomics to identify an unknown snake venom in a deceased toddler. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 323:110820. [PMID: 33984813 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics is the global analysis of proteins in a sample, and its methodologies are commonly applied in life science research. Despite its wide applicability however, proteomics is rarely used as a tool in criminal investigations. Here we present a case where the technique provided key evidence in a case that involved the death of a two-year old girl. The defendant was known to keep exotic snakes, including several venomous species, which led the coroner to probe whether there could be snake venom in the blood of the deceased. One major challenge of the investigation was the overwhelming presence of several blood proteins, such as apolipoprotein and complement proteins, which hinders the detection of less abundant analytes. In a counter-acting strategy, a combination of immunodepletion and fractionation methods was used; the sample was then submitted to tandem mass spectrometry for peptide identification. Using this strategy, 15,000 peptides could be sequenced. However, the subsequent challenge was to differentiate between human and snake proteins, given the genetic similarities that are shared by the two vertebrate species. After a thorough bioinformatics search and manual inspection, we found that<1% of the sequenced peptides could be matched unequivocally to snake proteins, including a well-known venom component, phospholipase A2. This evidence, in part, led to a court-issued search warrant of the defendant's home, followed by his arrest and an eventual guilty plea with formal sentencing to 18 months in prison. The work outlined here is an example of how proteomics technology can help to expand the toolkit for molecular forensics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Queenie W T Chan
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2185 E Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jason Rogalski
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2185 E Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kyung-Mee Moon
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2185 E Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2185 E Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Singh D, Chaudhary D, Kumar V, Verma A. Amelioration of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced renal oxidative stress and inflammation by Carissa carandas embedded silver nanoparticles in rodents. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:636-645. [PMID: 33850732 PMCID: PMC8039534 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytofabricated silver nanoparticles (CCAgNPs) were biosynthesized and characterized. CCAgNPs were evaluated against diethylnitrosamine induced renal cancer. Silver nanoparticles have an antioxidant property. Silver nanoparticles unveiled a therapeutic effect against renal cancer in vivo.
Introduction Inflammation and oxidative stress are the main factors ascribed with interruption in the process of renal tissue impairment. The toxicity of different types of nitrosamine is well recognized in animals and humans. Administration of the smallest quantities of diethylnitrosamine or dimethylnitrosamine either orally or parenterally results into renal damage. Therapeutic effects of phytofabricated silver nanoparticles of Carissa carandas aqueous extract has been scrutinised in current study for the assessment of renal cancer activity in animal model. Methodology Phytofabricated silver nanoparticles were characterized by using different instrumentation. Nephroprotective activity of silver nanoparticles at different doses was evaluated against N-diethylnitrosamine (200 mg/kg b.w., intraperitoneal) in animal model. Serum and renal homogenate were taken to evaluate the renal toxicity markers, oxidative stress, and antioxidant parameter, proinflammatory cytokines and histopathological study. Result Significant outcomes of silver nanoparticles in dose dependent manner down regulated the elevated serum marker, tumour marker enzymes and histopathology observation of repaired tissue assured the renal cancer activity in animals. In addition, profile of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant, proinflammatory cytokines and tumour promotion marker also favours the anticancer property of silver nanoparticles. Conclusion The data of current study reveals silver nanoparticles ameliorates renal oxidative stress and carcinogenesis which was induced by N-diethylnitrosamine and accredited to antioxidant and anticancer activities of phytofabricated nanoparticles by biological approach.
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Key Words
- ABTS, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid
- AgNO3, silver nitrate
- AgNPs, silver nanoparticles
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CC, carissa carandas
- CCAgNPs, silver nanoparticles of carissa carandas aqueous extract
- CDNB, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
- Carissa carandas embedded silver nanoparticles
- DEN, diethylnitrosamine
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- DMN, dimethylnitrosamine
- DMSO, dimethyl sulphoxide
- FE-SEM, field emission scanning electron microscopy
- GGT, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase
- GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GR, glutathione reductase activity
- GSH, glutathione
- GST, glutathione –S- Transferase
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- IAEC, institutional animal ethical committee
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NF-κB pathway
- NPs, nanoparticles
- ODC, ornithine decarboxylase
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Renal carcinoma
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- XO, xanthine oxidase
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211007, India
| | - Deepak Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211007, India
| | - Amita Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211007, India
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Laddha AP, Kulkarni YA. Daidzein ameliorates diabetic retinopathy in experimental animals. Life Sci 2020; 265:118779. [PMID: 33217441 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study was designed to check the effect of daidzein in the management of diabetic retinopathy. MAIN METHODS Streptozotocin at dose 55 mg/kg was used for inducing diabetes in rats. After 28 days of diabetic induction, animals were treated with daidzein at dose 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg for the next 28 days. Electroretinography, estimation of plasma glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, aldose reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and oxidative stress parameters were performed at the end of the study. Histopathology of retina was carried out at the end of the study. KEY FINDINGS Diabetic control animals showed a significant increase in levels of plasma glucose and plasma lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.001). Treatment with daidzein at a dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the elevated level of blood glucose (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01). Whereas, treatment with daidzein at a dose 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the elevated level of lactate dehydrogenase in plasma after 28 days of treatment (p < 0.01). Treatment with daidzein at a dose of 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the level of aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 respectively). Electroretinography revealed that daidzein treatment at a dose of 100 mg/kg significantly prevented the change in 'a' and 'b' wave amplitude and latency. Oxidative stress was also found to be significantly reduced after 28 days of daidzein treatment. Histopathological findings showed a reduction in retinal thickness after daidzein treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Daidzein treatment protected retina from damage in hyperglycaemic conditions. Thus, Daidzein can be considered as an effective treatment option for diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit P Laddha
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056, India.
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26
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Somaweera H, Estlack Z, Devadhasan JP, Kim J, Kim J. Characterization and Optimization of Isotachophoresis Parameters for Pacific Blue Succinimidyl Ester Dye on a PDMS Microfluidic Chip. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11110951. [PMID: 33105673 PMCID: PMC7690402 DOI: 10.3390/mi11110951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Isotachophoresis (ITP) for Pacific Blue (PB) dye using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chip is developed and characterized by determining the types and concentrations of electrolytes, the ITP duration, and the electric field density. Among candidate buffers for the trailing electrolyte (TE) and leading electrolyte (LE), 40 mM borate buffer (pH 9) and 200 mM trisaminomethane hydrochloride (Tris-HCl) (pH 8) were selected to obtain the maximum preconcentration and resolution of the PB bands, respectively. With the selected TE and LE buffers, further optimization was performed to determine the electric field (EF) density and the ITP duration. These ITP parameters showed a 20–170,000 preconcentration ratio from initial PB concentrations of 10 nM–100 fM. Further demonstration was implemented to preconcentrate PB-conjugated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) using the PDMS microfluidic chip. By utilizing the quenching nature of PB-LDH conjugation, we were able to identify concentrations of LDH as low as 10 ng/mL. This simple PDMS microfluidic chip-based ITP for PB preconcentration enables highly sensitive biological and chemical analyses by coupling with various downstream detection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himali Somaweera
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (H.S.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Zachary Estlack
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | | | | | - Jungkyu Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(801)-581-6743
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Pinto MF, Baici A, Pereira PJB, Macedo-Ribeiro S, Pastore A, Rocha F, Martins PM. interferENZY: A Web-Based Tool for Enzymatic Assay Validation and Standardized Kinetic Analysis. J Mol Biol 2020; 433:166613. [PMID: 32768452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic assays are widely employed to characterize important allosteric and enzyme modulation effects. The high sensitivity of these assays can represent a serious problem if the occurrence of experimental errors surreptitiously affects the reliability of enzyme kinetics results. We have addressed this problem and found that hidden assay interferences can be unveiled by the graphical representation of progress curves in modified reaction coordinates. To render this analysis accessible to users across all levels of expertise, we have developed a webserver, interferENZY, that allows (i) an unprecedented tight quality control of experimental data, (ii) the automated identification of small and major assay interferences, and (iii) the estimation of bias-free kinetic parameters. By eliminating the subjectivity factor in kinetic data reporting, interferENZY will contribute to solving the "reproducibility crisis" that currently challenges experimental molecular biology. The interferENZY webserver is freely available (no login required) at https://interferenzy.i3s.up.pt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Filipa Pinto
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; LEPABE-Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Antonio Baici
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro José Barbosa Pereira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Macedo-Ribeiro
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Annalisa Pastore
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Rd, Brixton, London SE5 9RT, England, UK
| | - Fernando Rocha
- LEPABE-Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Martins
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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Chang CH, Zhou XW, Wang YC, Lee TH. Differential effects of hypothermal stress on lactate metabolism in fresh water- and seawater-acclimated milkfish, Chanos chanos. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 248:110744. [PMID: 32569829 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The milkfish Chanos chanos, an economically important cultured marine species in Southeast Asia, exhibits stenothermal and euryhaline characteristics and huge mortality usually occurs during extreme cold weather in winter. Under conditions beyond optimal temperatures, ectothermic species experience an increase in anaerobic glycolysis. To better understand the hypothermal acclimation response of this tropical species, the lactate metabolic profiles of freshwater (FW)- and seawater (SW)-acclimated milkfish were compared under control (optimal temperature; 28 °C) and hypothermal treatment (18 °C) conditions. In this study, the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoform genes, ldha and ldhb, were identified in milkfish livers and muscles, respectively. The LDH is a bidirectional enzyme that triggered the conversion of pyruvate to lactate via anaerobic glycolysis as LDH exhibits the reductase activity (LDH-R), while via the reverse direction as LDH exhibits the oxidase activity (LDH-O). The hypothermal stress significantly upregulated the LDH-R activity in the muscles and the monocarboxylate transporter activity in both muscles and livers, of SW- and FW-acclimated milkfish. The levels of blood lactate, however, decreased in SW-acclimated milkfish. Under hypothermal stress, anaerobic metabolism increased in the muscles of both FW and SW individuals, whereas the liver of SW-acclimated milkfish showed better acute phase capacity to utilize blood lactate than FW-acclimated milkfish. Taken together, in the present study, the major functions of the bidirectional enzyme LDH were identified according to its LDH-O and LDH-R activities. Furthermore, environmental salinities were found to affect the acute anaerobic metabolic strategies of euryhaline teleosts under hypothermal stress and were correlated with their hypothermal tolerance ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Xiu-Wei Zhou
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Wang
- Planning and Information Division, Fisheries Research Institute, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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Matić M, Saurabh S, Hamacek J, Piazza F. Crowding-Induced Uncompetitive Inhibition of Lactate Dehydrogenase: Role of Entropic Pushing. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:727-734. [PMID: 31917571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b09596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The cell is an extremely complex environment, notably highly crowded, segmented, and confining. Overall, there is overwhelming and ever-growing evidence that to understand how biochemical reactions proceed in vivo, one cannot separate the biochemical actors from their environment. Effects such as excluded volume, obstructed diffusion, weak nonspecific interactions, and fluctuations all team up to steer biochemical reactions often very far from what is observed in ideal conditions. In this paper, we use Ficoll PM70 and PEG 6000 to build an artificial crowded milieu of controlled composition and density in order to assess how such environments influence the biocatalytic activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Our measurements show that the normalized apparent affinity and maximum velocity decrease in the same fashion, a behavior reminiscent of uncompetitive inhibition, with PEG resulting in the largest reduction. In line with previous studies on other enzymes of the same family, and in agreement with the known role of a surface loop involved in enzyme isomerization and regulation of access to the active site, we suggest that the crowding matrix interferes with the conformational ensemble of the enzyme. This likely results in both impaired enzyme-complex isomerization and thwarted product release. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm that excluded-volume effects lead to an entropic force that effectively tends to push the loop closed, thereby effectively shifting the conformational ensemble of the enzyme in favor of a more stable complex isoform. Overall, our study substantiates the idea that most biochemical kinetics cannot be fully explained without including the subtle action of the environment where they take place naturally, in particular accounting for important factors such as excluded-volume effects and also weak nonspecific interactions when present, confinement, and fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Matić
- Université d'Orléans and Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), CNRS UPR 4301 , Rue Charles Sadron CS 80054 , 45071 Orléans , France
| | - Suman Saurabh
- Université d'Orléans and Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), CNRS UPR 4301 , Rue Charles Sadron CS 80054 , 45071 Orléans , France
| | - Josef Hamacek
- Université d'Orléans and Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), CNRS UPR 4301 , Rue Charles Sadron CS 80054 , 45071 Orléans , France
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Université d'Orléans and Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), CNRS UPR 4301 , Rue Charles Sadron CS 80054 , 45071 Orléans , France
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Wragg D, Liu Q, Lin Z, Riggio V, Pugh CA, Beveridge AJ, Brown H, Hume DA, Harris SE, Deary IJ, Tenesa A, Prendergast JGD. Using regulatory variants to detect gene-gene interactions identifies networks of genes linked to cell immortalisation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:343. [PMID: 31953380 PMCID: PMC6969137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13762-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent to which the impact of regulatory genetic variants may depend on other factors, such as the expression levels of upstream transcription factors, remains poorly understood. Here we report a framework in which regulatory variants are first aggregated into sets, and using these as estimates of the total cis-genetic effects on a gene we model their non-additive interactions with the expression of other genes in the genome. Using 1220 lymphoblastoid cell lines across platforms and independent datasets we identify 74 genes where the impact of their regulatory variant-set is linked to the expression levels of networks of distal genes. We show that these networks are predominantly associated with tumourigenesis pathways, through which immortalised cells are able to rapidly proliferate. We consequently present an approach to define gene interaction networks underlying important cellular pathways such as cell immortalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Wragg
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Q. Liu
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Z. Lin
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - V. Riggio
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - C. A. Pugh
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - A. J. Beveridge
- 0000 0001 2193 314Xgrid.8756.cGlasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - H. Brown
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - D. A. Hume
- 0000000406180938grid.489335.0Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - S. E. Harris
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - I. J. Deary
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - A. Tenesa
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - J. G. D. Prendergast
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
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Abstract
Immunotherapy using T cells modified with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has been proven effective in the treatment of leukemia and lymphomas resistant to chemotherapy. Recent clinical studies have shown excellent responses of CAR-T cells in a variety of B cell tumors. However, it is important to validate in vitro activity of these cells, though different sorts of assays, which are capable of measuring the cytotoxic potential of these cells. In this chapter, it will be pointed two methods to evaluate CAR-T cell killing potential against B cell malignancy cell lines.
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Crotalus durissus ruruima Snake Venom and a Phospholipase A 2 Isolated from This Venom Elicit Macrophages to Form Lipid Droplets and Synthesize Inflammatory Lipid Mediators. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:2745286. [PMID: 31781674 PMCID: PMC6875421 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2745286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Viper snake Crotalus durissus ruruima (Cdr) is a subspecies found in northern area of Brazil. Among the snakes of Crotalus genus subspecies, the venom of Cdr presents highest level of crotoxin, which is the major component of Crotalus snake venoms, formed by two subunits (crotapotin and a phospholipase A2 named CBr) and presents potent neurotoxic activity. Curiously, the venom of C. d. ruruima (CdrV) is better neutralized by antibothropic than by anticrotalic serum, strongly suggesting that this venom has similarities with venom of Bothrops genus snakes with regard to the ability to induce inflammation. Macrophages are cells with a central role in inflammatory and immunological responses. Upon inflammatory stimuli, these cells exhibit increased numbers of lipid droplets, which are key organelles in the synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators. However, the effects of CdrV and CBr in macrophage functions are unknown. We herein investigated the ability of CdrV and CBr to activate macrophages with focus on the formation of lipid droplets (LDs), synthesis of lipid mediators, and mechanisms involved in these effects. The involvement of LDs in PGE2 biosynthesis was also assessed. Stimulation of murine macrophages with CdrV and CBr induced an increased number of LDs and release of prostanoids (PGE2, PGD2, and TXB2). Neither CdrV nor CBr induced the expression of COX-1 and COX-2 by macrophages. LDs induced by both CdrV and CBr are associated to PLIN2 recruitment and expression and were shown to be dependent on COX-1, but not COX-2 activity. Moreover, PGE2 colocalized to CdrV- and CBr-induced LDs, revealing the role of these organelles as sites for the synthesis of prostanoids. These results evidence, for the first time, the ability of a whole snake venom to induce formation of LDs and the potential role of these organelles for the production of inflammatory mediators during envenomation by Crotalus snakes.
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Yatoo MI, Parray OR, Bhat RA, Nazir QU, Haq AU, Malik HU, Fazilli MUR, Gopalakrishnan A, Bashir ST, Tiwari R, Khurana SK, Chaicumpa W, Dhama K. Novel Candidates for Vaccine Development Against Mycoplasma Capricolum Subspecies Capripneumoniae (Mccp)-Current Knowledge and Future Prospects. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E71. [PMID: 31340571 PMCID: PMC6789616 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploration of novel candidates for vaccine development against Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp), the causative agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), has recently gained immense importance due to both the increased number of outbreaks and the alarming risk of transboundary spread of disease. Treatment by antibiotics as the only therapeutic strategy is not a viable option due to pathogen persistence, economic issues, and concerns of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, prophylactics or vaccines are becoming important under the current scenario. For quite some time inactivated, killed, or attenuated vaccines proved to be beneficial and provided good immunity up to a year. However, their adverse effects and requirement for larger doses led to the need for production of large quantities of Mccp. This is challenging because the required culture medium is costly and Mycoplasma growth is fastidious and slow. Furthermore, quality control is always an issue with such vaccines. Currently, novel candidate antigens including capsular polysaccharides (CPS), proteins, enzymes, and genes are being evaluated for potential use as vaccines. These have shown potential immunogenicity with promising results in eliciting protective immune responses. Being easy to produce, specific, effective and free from side effects, these novel vaccine candidates can revolutionize vaccination against CCPP. Use of novel proteomic approaches, including sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectroscopy, fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), bioinformatics, computerized simulation and genomic approaches, including multilocus sequence analysis, next-generation sequencing, basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), gene expression, and recombinant expression, will further enable recognition of ideal antigenic proteins and virulence genes with vaccination potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Mycoplasma Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India.
| | - Oveas Raffiq Parray
- Mycoplasma Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Riyaz Ahmed Bhat
- Mycoplasma Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Qurat Un Nazir
- Mycoplasma Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Abrar Ul Haq
- Mycoplasma Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Hamid Ullah Malik
- Mycoplasma Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman Fazilli
- Mycoplasma Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Arumugam Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Madras Veterinary College, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Vepery 600007, India
| | - Shah Tauseef Bashir
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura 281001, India
| | - Sandip Kumar Khurana
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Sirsa Road, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India.
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Lee KTD, Chiang MH, Chen PH, Ho ML, Lee HZ, Lee HE, Wang YH. The effect of low-level laser irradiation on hyperglycemia-induced inflammation in human gingival fibroblasts. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:913-920. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Moench R, Grimmig T, Kannen V, Tripathi S, Faber M, Moll EM, Chandraker A, Lissner R, Germer CT, Waaga-Gasser AM, Gasser M. Exclusive inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling is not sufficient to prevent PDGF-mediated effects on glycolysis and proliferation in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68749-68767. [PMID: 27626684 PMCID: PMC5356587 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and signaling via its receptors plays a crucial role in tumor cell proliferation and thus may represent an attractive target besides VEGF/EGFR-based antibody therapies. In this study we analyzed the influence of PDGF in colorectal cancer. PDGF was expressed intensively in early and even more intensively in late stage primary CRCs. Like VEGF, PDGF enhanced human colon cancer proliferation, and increased oxidative glycolytic activity, and activated HIF1α and c-Myc in vitro. PDGF activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway while leaving MAPK signaling untouched. Further dissection showed that inhibition of Akt strongly impeded cancer cell growth while inhibition of PI3K did not. MAPK analysis suggested an inhibitory crosstalk between both pathways, thus explaining the different effects of the Akt and PI3K inhibitors on cancer cell proliferation. PDGF stimulates colon cancer cell proliferation, and prevents inhibitor induced apoptosis, resulting in tumor growth. Therefore inhibition of PDGF signaling seems to be a promising target in colorectal cancer therapy. However, due to the multifaceted nature of the intracellular PDGF signaling, careful intervention strategies are needed when looking into specific signaling pathways like PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Moench
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Grimmig
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Vinicius Kannen
- Ribeirao Preto Pharmaceutical Sciences School, Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sudipta Tripathi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Transplant Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Faber
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Moll
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Anil Chandraker
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Transplant Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reinhard Lissner
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Transplant Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Gasser
- Department of Surgery I, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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MacMillan L, Lamarre SG, daSilva RP, Jacobs RL, Brosnan ME, Brosnan JT. Riboflavin Deficiency in Rats Decreases de novo Formate Production but Does Not Affect Plasma Formate Concentration. J Nutr 2017; 147:346-352. [PMID: 28122934 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.243535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The one-carbon metabolism pathway is highly dependent on a number of B vitamins in order to provide one-carbon units for purine and thymidylate biosynthesis as well as homocysteine remethylation. Previous studies have examined folate and vitamin B-12 deficiency and their effects on formate metabolism; as of yet, to our knowledge, no studies on the effects of riboflavin deficiency on formate metabolism have been published.Objective: Our objective was to determine the effects of riboflavin deficiency on formate metabolism.Methods: Weanling male rats were randomly assigned either to control, riboflavin-replete (RR) or to experimental, riboflavin-deficient (RD) versions of the AIN-93G diet for 13 d, at which time a constant infusion of [13C]-formate was carried out to ascertain the effects of deficiency on formate production. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to measure plasma formate concentration and [13C]-formate enrichment. HPLC, LC-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS, and enzymatic assays were used for the measurement of one-carbon precursors and other metabolites.Results: RD rats had significantly lower rates of formate production (15%) as well as significantly reduced hepatic methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity (69%) and protein concentration (54%) compared with RR rats. There was no difference in plasma formate concentrations between the groups. Plasma serine, a potential one-carbon precursor, was significantly higher in RD rats (467 ± 73 μM) than in RR rats (368 ± 52 μM).Conclusions: Although deficiencies in folate and vitamin B-12 lead to major changes in plasma formate concentrations, riboflavin deficiency results in no significant difference; this disagrees with the prediction of a published mathematical model. Our observation of a lower rate of formate production is consistent with a role for flavoproteins in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke MacMillan
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Simon G Lamarre
- Department of Biology, University of Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada; and
| | - Robin P daSilva
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - René L Jacobs
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Margaret E Brosnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - John T Brosnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada;
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Effect of Hypoxia on Ldh-c Expression in Somatic Cells of Plateau Pika. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13080773. [PMID: 27490559 PMCID: PMC4997459 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13080773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sperm specific lactate dehydrogenases (LDH-C4) is a lactate dehydrogenase that catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate. In mammals, Ldh-c was originally thought to be expressed only in testes and spermatozoa. Plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae), which belongs to the genus Ochotona of the Ochotonidea family, is a hypoxia-tolerant mammal living 3000–5000 m above sea level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, an environment which is strongly hypoxic. Ldh-c is expressed not only in testes and sperm, but also in the somatic tissues of plateau pika. To reveal the effect of hypoxia on pika Ldh-c expression, we investigated the mRNA and protein level of Ldh-c as well as the biochemical index of anaerobic glycolysis in pika somatic tissues at the altitudes of 2200 m, 3200 m and 3900 m. Our results showed that mRNA and protein expression levels of Ldh-c in the tissues of pika’s heart, liver, brain and skeletal muscle were increased significantly from 2200 m to 3200 m, but had no difference from 3200 m to 3900 m; the activities of LDH and the contents of lactate showed no difference from 2200 m to 3200 m, but were increased significantly from 3200 m to 3900 m. Hypoxia up-regulated and maintained the expression levels of Ldh-c in the pika somatic cells. Under the hypoxia condition, plateau pikas increased anaerobic glycolysis in somatic cells by LDH-C4, and that may have reduced their dependence on oxygen and enhanced their adaptation to the hypoxic environment.
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Broniarek I, Koziel A, Jarmuszkiewicz W. The effect of chronic exposure to high palmitic acid concentrations on the aerobic metabolism of human endothelial EA.hy926 cells. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1541-54. [PMID: 27417103 PMCID: PMC4981632 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A chronic elevation of circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) is associated with diseases like obesity or diabetes and can lead to lipotoxicity. The goals of this study were to assess the influence of chronic exposure to high palmitic acid (PAL) levels on mitochondrial respiratory functions in endothelial cells and isolated mitochondria. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EA.hy926 line) were grown for 6 days in a medium containing either 100 or 150 μM PAL. Growth at high PAL concentrations induced a considerable increase in fatty acid-supplied respiration and a reduction of mitochondrial respiration during carbohydrate and glutamine oxidation. High PAL levels elevated intracellular and mitochondrial superoxide generation; increased inflammation marker, acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase, uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and superoxide dismutase 2 expression; and decreased hexokinase I and pyruvate dehydrogenase expression. No change in aerobic respiration capacity was observed, while fermentation was decreased. In mitochondria isolated from high PAL-treated cells, an increase in the oxidation of palmitoylcarnitine, a decrease in the oxidation of pyruvate, and an increase in UCP2 activity were observed. Our results demonstrate that exposure to high PAL levels induces a shift in endothelial aerobic metabolism toward the oxidation of fatty acids. Increased levels of PAL caused impairment and uncoupling of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system. Our data indicate that FFAs significantly affect endothelial oxidative metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and cell viability and, thus, might contribute to endothelial and vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Broniarek
- Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Koziel
- Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz
- Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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von Morze C, Bok RA, Ohliger MA, Zhu Z, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J. Hyperpolarized [(13)C]ketobutyrate, a molecular analog of pyruvate with modified specificity for LDH isoforms. Magn Reson Med 2016; 75:1894-900. [PMID: 26059096 PMCID: PMC4868134 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate (13) C hyperpolarization of α-ketobutyrate (αKB), an endogenous molecular analog of pyruvate, and its in vivo enzymatic conversion via lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) using localized MR spectroscopy. METHODS Hyperpolarized (HP) (13) C MR experiments were conducted using [(13) C]αKB with rats in vivo and with isolated LDH enzyme in vitro, along with comparative experiments using [(13) C]pyruvate. Based on differences in the kinetics of its reaction with individual LDH isoforms, HP [(13) C]αKB was investigated as a novel MR probe, with added specificity for activity of LDHB-expressed H ("heart"-type) subunits of LDH (e.g., constituents of LDH-1 isoform). RESULTS Comparable T1 and polarization values to pyruvate were attained (T1 = 52 s at 3 tesla [T], polarization = 10%, at C1 ). MR experiments showed rapid enzymatic conversion with substantially increased specificity. Formation of product HP [(13) C]α-hydroxybutyrate (αHB) from αKB in vivo was increased 2.7-fold in cardiac slabs relative to liver and kidney slabs. In vitro studies resulted in 5.0-fold higher product production from αKB with bovine heart LDH-1, as compared with pyruvate. CONCLUSIONS HP [(13) C]αKB may be a useful MR probe of cardiac metabolism and other applications where the role of H subunits of LDH is significant (e.g., renal cortex and brain).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius von Morze
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Robert A. Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Michael A. Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Zihan Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
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Zang T, Broszczak DA, Broadbent JA, Cuttle L, Lu H, Parker TJ. The biochemistry of blister fluid from pediatric burn injuries: proteomics and metabolomics aspects. Expert Rev Proteomics 2015; 13:35-53. [PMID: 26581649 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2016.1122528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Burn injury is a prevalent and traumatic event for pediatric patients. At present, the diagnosis of burn injury severity is subjective and lacks a clinically relevant quantitative measure. This is due in part to a lack of knowledge surrounding the biochemistry of burn injuries and that of blister fluid. A more complete understanding of the blister fluid biochemistry may open new avenues for diagnostic and prognostic development. Burn insult induces a highly complex network of signaling processes and numerous changes within various biochemical systems, which can ultimately be examined using proteome and metabolome measurements. This review reports on the current understanding of burn wound biochemistry and outlines a technical approach for 'omics' profiling of blister fluid from burn wounds of differing severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Zang
- a Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program , Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Kelvin Grove , Australia.,b School of Biomedical Sciences , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia.,c Wound Management Innovation Co-operative Research Centre , West End , Australia
| | - Daniel A Broszczak
- a Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program , Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Kelvin Grove , Australia.,b School of Biomedical Sciences , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia.,c Wound Management Innovation Co-operative Research Centre , West End , Australia
| | - James A Broadbent
- a Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program , Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Kelvin Grove , Australia.,b School of Biomedical Sciences , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia.,c Wound Management Innovation Co-operative Research Centre , West End , Australia
| | - Leila Cuttle
- a Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program , Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Kelvin Grove , Australia.,b School of Biomedical Sciences , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia.,d Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research , Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Centre for Children's Health Research , South Brisbane , Australia
| | - Haitao Lu
- a Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program , Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Kelvin Grove , Australia.,b School of Biomedical Sciences , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Tony J Parker
- a Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program , Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Kelvin Grove , Australia.,b School of Biomedical Sciences , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia
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Jami MS, Salehi-Najafabadi Z, Ahmadinejad F, Hoedt E, Chaleshtori MH, Ghatrehsamani M, Neubert TA, Larsen JP, Møller SG. Edaravone leads to proteome changes indicative of neuronal cell protection in response to oxidative stress. Neurochem Int 2015; 90:134-41. [PMID: 26232623 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal cell death, in neurodegenerative disorders, is mediated through a spectrum of biological processes. Excessive amounts of free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), has detrimental effects on neurons leading to cell damage via peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in the cell membrane. Edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one) has been used for neurological recovery in several countries, including Japan and China, and it has been suggested that Edaravone may have cytoprotective effects in neurodegeneration. Edaravone protects nerve cells in the brain by reducing ROS and inhibiting apoptosis. To gain further insight into the cytoprotective effects of Edaravone against oxidative stress condition we have performed comparative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE)-based proteomic analyses on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to oxidative stress and in combination with Edaravone. We showed that Edaravone can reverse the cytotoxic effects of H2O2 through its specific mechanism. We observed that oxidative stress changes metabolic pathways and cytoskeletal integrity. Edaravone seems to reverse the H2O2-mediated effects at both the cellular and protein level via induction of Peroxiredoxin-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Saeid Jami
- Department of Biological Sciences, St John's University, New York, NY, USA; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | | | - Fereshteh Ahmadinejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Esthelle Hoedt
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Mahdi Ghatrehsamani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jan Petter Larsen
- The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway.
| | - Simon Geir Møller
- Department of Biological Sciences, St John's University, New York, NY, USA; The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway.
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Bluff JE, Reynolds S, Metcalf S, Alizadeh T, Kazan SM, Bucur A, Wholey EG, Bibby BAS, Williams L, Paley MN, Tozer GM. Measurement of the acute metabolic response to hypoxia in rat tumours in vivo using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and hyperpolarised pyruvate. Radiother Oncol 2015; 116:392-9. [PMID: 25824978 PMCID: PMC4612449 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To estimate the rate constant for pyruvate to lactate conversion in tumours in response to a hypoxic challenge, using hyperpolarised 13C1-pyruvate and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Methods and materials Hypoxic inspired gas was used to manipulate rat P22 fibrosarcoma oxygen tension (pO2), confirmed by luminescence decay of oxygen-sensitive probes. Hyperpolarised 13C1-pyruvate was injected into the femoral vein of anaesthetised rats and slice-localised 13C magnetic resonance (MR) spectra acquired. Spectral integral versus time curves for pyruvate and lactate were fitted to a precursor-product model to estimate the rate constant for tumour conversion of pyruvate to lactate (kpl). Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and oxygen tension (ArtpO2) were monitored. Pyruvate and lactate concentrations were measured in freeze-clamped tumours. Results MABP, ArtpO2 and tumour pO2 decreased significantly during hypoxia. kpl increased significantly (p < 0.01) from 0.029 ± 0.002 s−1 to 0.049 ± 0.006 s−1 (mean ± SEM) when animals breathing air were switched to hypoxic conditions, whereas pyruvate and lactate concentrations were minimally affected by hypoxia. Both ArtpO2 and MABP influenced the estimate of kpl, with a strong negative correlation between kpl and the product of ArtpO2 and MABP under hypoxia. Conclusion The rate constant for pyruvate to lactate conversion, kpl, responds significantly to a rapid reduction in tumour oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Bluff
- Tumour Microcirculation Group, Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Steven Reynolds
- Academic Unit of Radiology, Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, UK.
| | - Stephen Metcalf
- Tumour Microcirculation Group, Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Tooba Alizadeh
- Tumour Microcirculation Group, Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Samira M Kazan
- Tumour Microcirculation Group, Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Adriana Bucur
- Academic Unit of Radiology, Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Emily G Wholey
- Tumour Microcirculation Group, Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Becky A S Bibby
- Tumour Microcirculation Group, Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Leigh Williams
- Tumour Microcirculation Group, Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Martyn N Paley
- Academic Unit of Radiology, Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Gillian M Tozer
- Tumour Microcirculation Group, Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, UK
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Lee JW, Chou CL, Knepper MA. Deep Sequencing in Microdissected Renal Tubules Identifies Nephron Segment-Specific Transcriptomes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:2669-77. [PMID: 25817355 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014111067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of each renal tubule segment depends on the genes expressed therein. High-throughput methods used for global profiling of gene expression in unique cell types have shown low sensitivity and high false positivity, thereby limiting the usefulness of these methods in transcriptomic research. However, deep sequencing of RNA species (RNA-seq) achieves highly sensitive and quantitative transcriptomic profiling by sequencing RNAs in a massive, parallel manner. Here, we used RNA-seq coupled with classic renal tubule microdissection to comprehensively profile gene expression in each of 14 renal tubule segments from the proximal tubule through the inner medullary collecting duct of rat kidneys. Polyadenylated mRNAs were captured by oligo-dT primers and processed into adapter-ligated cDNA libraries that were sequenced using an Illumina platform. Transcriptomes were identified to a median depth of 8261 genes in microdissected renal tubule samples (105 replicates in total) and glomeruli (5 replicates). Manual microdissection allowed a high degree of sample purity, which was evidenced by the observed distributions of well established cell-specific markers. The main product of this work is an extensive database of gene expression along the nephron provided as a publicly accessible webpage (https://helixweb.nih.gov/ESBL/Database/NephronRNAseq/index.html). The data also provide genome-wide maps of alternative exon usage and polyadenylation sites in the kidney. We illustrate the use of the data by profiling transcription factor expression along the renal tubule and mapping metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Wook Lee
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chung-Lin Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Talaiezadeh A, Shahriari A, Tabandeh MR, Fathizadeh P, Mansouri S. Kinetic characterization of lactate dehydrogenase in normal and malignant human breast tissues. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:19. [PMID: 25705126 PMCID: PMC4334850 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aerobic glycolysis rate is higher in breast cancer tissues than adjacent normal tissues which providethe ATP, lactate and anabolic precursors required for tumourgenesis and metastasis. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a critical enzyme during aerobic glycolysis as it is typically responsible for the production of lactate and regeneration of NAD+, which allows for the continued functioning of glycolysis even in the absence of oxygen. LDH has been found to be highly expressed in breast tumors. Enzyme kinetic characteristics is related to environmentinvolving the enzyme, and tumor microenvironment has distinct features relative to adjacent normal tissues, thus we hypothesized that LDH should have different kinetic characteristics in breast tumors compared to normal breast tissues. Methods LDH was partially purifiedfrom human breast tumors and normal tissues, which were obtained directly from operating room. TheMichaelis-Menten constant (Km), maximum velocity (Vmax), activation energy (Ea) and enzyme efficiency in breast tumors and normal tissueswere determined. Results It was found that tumor LDH affinity in forward reaction was the same as normal LDH but Vmax of cancerous LDH was higher relative to normal LDH. In reverse reaction, affinity of tumor LDH for lactate and NAD+ was lower than normal LDH, also enzyme efficiency for lactate and NAD+ was higher in normal samples. The Ea of reverse reaction was higher in cancerous tissues. Conclusions It was concluded that thelow LDH affinity for lactate and NAD+ is a valuable tool for preserving lactate by cancer cells. We also conclude that increasing of LDH affinity may be a valid molecular target to abolish lactate dependent tumor growth and kinetic characteristics of LDH could be a novel diagnostic parameter for human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolhassan Talaiezadeh
- Cancer, Petroleum and Environmental Pollutants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Shahriari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Payam Fathizadeh
- Cancer, Petroleum and Environmental Pollutants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Siavash Mansouri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Jami MS, Pal R, Hoedt E, Neubert TA, Larsen JP, Møller SG. Proteome analysis reveals roles of L-DOPA in response to oxidative stress in neurons. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:93. [PMID: 25082231 PMCID: PMC4125692 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, caused by preferential dopaminergic neuronal cell death in the substantia nigra, a process also influenced by oxidative stress. L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) represents the main treatment route for motor symptoms associated with PD however, its exact mode of action remains unclear. A spectrum of conflicting data suggests that L-DOPA may damage dopaminergic neurons due to oxidative stress whilst other data suggest that L-DOPA itself may induce low levels of oxidative stress, which in turn stimulates endogenous antioxidant mechanisms and neuroprotection. Results In this study we performed a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE)-based proteomic study to gain further insight into the mechanism by which L-DOPA can influence the toxic effects of H2O2 in neuronal cells. We observed that oxidative stress affects metabolic pathways as well as cytoskeletal integrity and that neuronal cells respond to oxidative conditions by enhancing numerous survival pathways. Our study underlines the complex nature of L-DOPA in PD and sheds light on the interplay between oxidative stress and L-DOPA. Conclusions Oxidative stress changes neuronal metabolic routes and affects cytoskeletal integrity. Further, L-DOPA appears to reverse some H2O2-mediated effects evident at both the proteome and cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Simon Geir Møller
- Department of Biological Sciences, St John's University, New York, NY, USA.
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Ob/ob mouse livers show decreased oxidative phosphorylation efficiencies and anaerobic capacities after cold ischemia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100609. [PMID: 24956382 PMCID: PMC4067359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatic steatosis is a major risk factor for graft failure in liver transplantation. Hepatic steatosis shows a greater negative influence on graft function following prolonged cold ischaemia. As the impact of steatosis on hepatocyte metabolism during extended cold ischaemia is not well-described, we compared markers of metabolic capacity and mitochondrial function in steatotic and lean livers following clinically relevant durations of cold preservation. Methods Livers from 10-week old leptin-deficient obese (ob/ob, n = 9) and lean C57 mice (n = 9) were preserved in ice-cold University of Wisconsin solution. Liver mitochondrial function was then assessed using high resolution respirometry after 1.5, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16 and 24 hours of storage. Metabolic marker enzymes for anaerobiosis and mitochondrial mass were also measured in conjunction with non-bicarbonate tissue pH buffering capacity. Results Ob/ob and lean mice livers showed severe (>60%) macrovesicular and mild (<30%) microvesicular steatosis on Oil Red O staining, respectively. Ob/ob livers had lower baseline enzymatic complex I activity but similar adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels compared to lean livers. During cold storage, the respiratory control ratio and complex I-fueled phosphorylation deteriorated approximately twice as fast in ob/ob livers compared to lean livers. Ob/ob livers also demonstrated decreased ATP production capacities at all time-points analyzed compared to lean livers. Ob/ob liver baseline lactate dehydrogenase activities and intrinsic non-bicarbonate buffering capacities were depressed by 60% and 40%, respectively compared to lean livers. Conclusions Steatotic livers have impaired baseline aerobic and anaerobic capacities compared to lean livers, and mitochondrial function indices decrease particularly from after 5 hours of cold preservation. These data provide a mechanistic basis for the clinical recommendation of shorter cold storage durations in steatotic donor livers.
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Koukourakis MI, Giatromanolaki A, Panteliadou M, Pouliliou SE, Chondrou PS, Mavropoulou S, Sivridis E. Lactate dehydrogenase 5 isoenzyme overexpression defines resistance of prostate cancer to radiotherapy. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2217-23. [PMID: 24714743 PMCID: PMC4007238 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Radiotherapy provides high-cure rates in prostate cancer. Despite its overall slow clinical growth, high proliferation rates documented in a subset of tumours relate to poor radiotherapy outcome. This study examines the role of anaerobic metabolism in prostate cancer growth and resistance to radiotherapy. Methods: Biopsy samples from 83 patients with prostate cancer undergoing radical hypofractionated and accelerated radiotherapy were analysed for MIB1 proliferation index and for lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme LDH5, a marker of tumour anaerobic metabolism. Ninety-five surgical samples were in parallel analysed. Correlation with histopathological variables, PSA and radiotherapy outcome was assessed. Dose–response experiments were performed in PC3 and DU145 cancer cell lines. Results: High MIB1 index (noted in 25% of cases) was directly related to Gleason score (P<0.0001), T3-stage (P=0.0008) and PSA levels (P=0.03). High LDH5 (noted in 65% of cases) was directly related to MIB1 index (P<0.0001), Gleason score (P=0.02) and T3-stage (P=0.001). High Gleason score, MIB1, LDH5 and PSA levels were significantly related to poor BRFS (P=0.007, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.01, respectively). High Gleason score (P=0.04), LDH5 (P=0.01) and PSA levels (P=0.003) were significantly related to local recurrence. MIB1 and T-stage did not affect local control. Silencing of LDHA gene in both prostate cancer cell lines resulted in significant radiosensitisation. Conclusions: LDH5 overexpression is significantly linked to highly proliferating prostate carcinomas and with biochemical failure and local relapse following radiotherapy. Hypoxia and LDHA targeting agents may prove useful to overcome radioresistance in a subgroup of prostate carcinomas with anaerobic metabolic predilection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Koukourakis
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - A Giatromanolaki
- Department of Pathology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - M Panteliadou
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - S E Pouliliou
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - P S Chondrou
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - S Mavropoulou
- Department of Pathology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - E Sivridis
- Department of Pathology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
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Kaur R, Arora S. Interactions of betulinic acid with xenobiotic metabolizing and antioxidative enzymes in DMBA-treated Sprague Dawley female rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:131-142. [PMID: 23777707 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemoprevention is related to classical epidemiology and involves the use of agents that inhibit, delay, or reverse the carcinogenesis that occurs as a result of accumulation of mutations and increased proliferation. Betulinic acid is known for its cytotoxic effects against a panel of cancer cell lines. In the present study, interactions of betulinic acid (BA) with xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes including mixed function oxidases (cytochrome b5, P420, P450, NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase, and NADH cytochrome b5 reductase), phase II enzymes (GST, DT-diaphorase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase), LDH, antioxidative enzymes (glutathione reductase, SOD, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase), and lipid peroxidation are studied alone as well as in the presence of 7,12 dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)--a potent carcinogen using Sprague Dawley female rats. The effect of BA on reduced glutathione content and protein content is also taken into consideration. It has been found that administration of BA decreased the level of mixed function oxidases that are involved in the conversion of carcinogen to electrophile, elevated the level of phase II enzymes which participated in the removal of electrophiles by sulfation, conjugation etc. It has been found that BA effectively removed or neutralized the reactive species by the action of phase II enzymes and such an effect was reflected from the specific activities of antioxidative enzymes which were found to be lower as compared to positive control (DMBA-treated group) and in some cases even that of untreated control. BA was also found to have a pronounced effect in protecting the animals from lipid peroxidation as evident from the reduced levels of TBARS, conjugated diene, and lipid hydroperoxide formation. This study highlights the role of BA in modulating the activities of xenobiotic and antioxidative enzymes that have putative roles in cancer initiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajbir Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
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Wang G, Zhao X, Zhong J, Cao M, He Q, Liu Z, Lin Y, Xu Y, Zheng Y. Cloning and polymorphisms of yak lactate dehydrogenase B gene. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:11994-2003. [PMID: 23739677 PMCID: PMC3709768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140611994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to study the unique polymorphisms of the lactate dehydrogenase-1 (LDH1) gene in yak (Bos grunniens). Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed three phenotypes of LDH1 (a tetramer of H subunit) in yak heart and longissimus muscle extracts. The corresponding gene, ldhb, encoding H subunits of three LDH1 phenotypes was obtained by RT-PCR. A total of six nucleotide differences were detected in yak ldhb compared with that of cattle, of which five mutations cause amino acid substitutions. Sequence analysis shows that the G896A and C689A, mutations of ldhb gene, result in alterations of differently charged amino acids, and create the three phenotypes (F, M, and S) of yak LDH1. Molecular modeling of the H subunit of LDH indicates that the substituted amino acids are not located within NAD+ or substrate binding sites. PCR-RFLP examination of G896A mutation demonstrated that most LDH1-F samples are actually heterozygote at this site. These results help to elucidate the molecular basis and genetic characteristic of the three unique LDH1 phenotypes in yak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China; E-Mails: (G.W.); (Q.H.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xingbo Zhao
- College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; E-Mails: (X.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Juming Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Meng Cao
- College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; E-Mails: (X.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Qinghua He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China; E-Mails: (G.W.); (Q.H.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Zhengxin Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China; E-Mails: (G.W.); (Q.H.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yaqiu Lin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China; E-Mails: (G.W.); (Q.H.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yaou Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China; E-Mails: (G.W.); (Q.H.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yucai Zheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China; E-Mails: (G.W.); (Q.H.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.)
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Handy DE, Loscalzo J. Redox regulation of mitochondrial function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:1323-67. [PMID: 22146081 PMCID: PMC3324814 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Redox-dependent processes influence most cellular functions, such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Mitochondria are at the center of these processes, as mitochondria both generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that drive redox-sensitive events and respond to ROS-mediated changes in the cellular redox state. In this review, we examine the regulation of cellular ROS, their modes of production and removal, and the redox-sensitive targets that are modified by their flux. In particular, we focus on the actions of redox-sensitive targets that alter mitochondrial function and the role of these redox modifications on metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, receptor-mediated signaling, and apoptotic pathways. We also consider the role of mitochondria in modulating these pathways, and discuss how redox-dependent events may contribute to pathobiology by altering mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E Handy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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