1
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Araújo CM, Sampaio KB, da Silva JYP, de Oliveira JN, de Albuquerque TMR, Lima MDC, Lima MDS, do Nascimento YM, da Silva EF, da Silva MS, Tavares JF, de Souza EL, de Oliveira MEG. Exploiting tropical fruit processing coproducts as circular resources to promote the growth and maintain the culturability and functionality of probiotic lactobacilli. Food Microbiol 2024; 123:104596. [PMID: 39038898 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the use of acerola (Malpighia glabra L., CACE), cashew (Anacardium occidentale L., CCAS), and guava (Psidium guayaba L., CGUA) fruit processing coproducts as substrates to promote the growth, metabolite production, and maintenance of the viability/metabolic activity of the probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-05 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei L-10 during cultivation, freeze-drying, storage, and exposure to simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Probiotic lactobacilli presented high viable counts (≥8.8 log colony-forming units (CFU)/mL) and a short lag phase during 24 h of cultivation in CACE, CCAS, and CGUA. Cultivation of probiotic lactobacilli in fruit coproducts promoted sugar consumption, medium acidification, and production of organic acids over time, besides increasing the of several phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Probiotic lactobacilli cultivated in fruit coproducts had increased survival percentages after freeze-drying and during 120 days of refrigerated storage. Moreover, probiotic lactobacilli cultivated and freeze-dried in fruit coproducts had larger subpopulations of live and metabolically active cells when exposed to simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The results showed that fruit coproducts not only improved the growth and helped to maintain the viability and metabolic activity of probiotic strains but also enriched the final fermented products with bioactive compounds, being an innovative circular strategy for producing high-quality probiotic cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroliny Mesquita Araújo
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Karoliny Brito Sampaio
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Jordana Nunes de Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | | | - Maiara da Costa Lima
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcos Dos Santos Lima
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Sertão de Pernambuco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Evandro Ferreira da Silva
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines - IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Sobral da Silva
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines - IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines - IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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2
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Wu J, Wang Y, Cai W, Chen D, Peng X, Dong H, Li J, Liu H, Shi S, Tang S, Li Z, Sui H, Wang Y, Wu C, Zhang Y, Fu X, Yin Y. Ribosomal translation of fluorinated non-canonical amino acids for de novo biologically active fluorinated macrocyclic peptides. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04061a. [PMID: 39129776 PMCID: PMC11310889 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorination has emerged as a promising strategy in medicinal chemistry to improve the pharmacological profiles of drug candidates. Similarly, incorporating fluorinated non-canonical amino acids into macrocyclic peptides expands chemical diversity and enhances their pharmacological properties, from improved metabolic stability to enhanced cell permeability and target interactions. However, only a limited number of fluorinated non-canonical amino acids, which are canonical amino acid analogs, have been incorporated into macrocyclic peptides by ribosomes for de novo construction and target-based screening of fluorinated macrocyclic peptides. In this study, we report the ribosomal translation of a series of distinct fluorinated non-canonical amino acids, including mono-to tri-fluorinated variants, as well as fluorinated l-amino acids, d-amino acids, β-amino acids, etc. This enabled the de novo discovery of fluorinated macrocyclic peptides with high affinity for EphA2, and particularly the identification of those exhibiting broad-spectrum activity against Gram-negative bacteria by targeting the BAM complex. This study not only expands the scope of ribosomally translatable fluorinated amino acids but also underscores the versatility of fluorinated macrocyclic peptides as potent therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Yuchan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350117 China
| | - Wenfeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Danyan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350117 China
| | - Xiangda Peng
- Shanghai Zelixir Biotech Company Ltd Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Huilei Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jinjing Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Hongtan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Shuting Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350117 China
| | - Sen Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350117 China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Haiyan Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350117 China
| | - Chuanliu Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Youming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Xinmiao Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350117 China
| | - Yizhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
- Shandong Research Institute of Industrial Technology Jinan 250101 China
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3
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Poscente V, Di Gregorio L, Costanzo M, Bernini R, Bevivino A. Flow cytometry: Unravelling the real antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy of natural bioactive compounds. J Microbiol Methods 2024; 222:106956. [PMID: 38759758 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2024.106956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FCM) provides unique information on bacterial viability and physiology, allowing a real-time early warning antimicrobial and antibiofilm monitoring system for preventing the spread risk of foodborne disease. The present work used a combined culture-based and FCM approach to assess the in vitro efficacy of essential oils (EOs) from condiment plants commonly used in Mediterranean Europe (i.e., thyme EO, oregano EO, basil EO, and lemon EO) against planktonic and sessile cells of food-pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes 56 LY, and contaminant and alterative species Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 13525. Evaluation of the bacterial response to the increasing concentrations of natural compounds posed FCM as a crucial technique for the quantification of the live/dead, and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells when antimicrobial agents exert no real bactericidal action. Furthermore, the FCM results displayed higher numbers of viable bacteria expressed as Active Fluorescent Units (AFUs) with a greater level of repeatability compared with outcomes of the plate-count method. Overall, accurate counting of viable microbial cells is a critically important parameter in food microbiology, and flow cytometry provides an innovative approach with high-throughput potential for applications in the food industry as "flow microbiology".
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Poscente
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnologies and Agroindustry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy; Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Luciana Di Gregorio
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnologies and Agroindustry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy.
| | - Manuela Costanzo
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnologies and Agroindustry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Annamaria Bevivino
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnologies and Agroindustry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy
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4
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Mahadeva M, Niestępski S, Kowacz M. Dependence of cell's membrane potential on extracellular voltage observed in Chara globularis. Biophys Chem 2024; 307:107199. [PMID: 38335807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The membrane potential (Vm) of a cell results from the selective movement of ions across the cell membrane. Recent studies have revealed the presence of a gradient of voltage within a few nanometers adjacent to erythrocytes. Very notably this voltage is modified in response to changes in cell's membrane potential thus effectively extending the potential beyond the membrane and into the solution. In this study, using the microelectrode technique, we provide experimental evidence for the existence of a gradient of negative extracellular voltage (Vz) in a wide zone close to the cell wall of algal cells, extending over several micrometers. Modulating the ionic concentration of the extracellular solution with CO2 alters the extracellular voltage and causes an immediate change in Vm. Elevated extracellular CO2 levels depolarize the cell and hyperpolarize the zone of extracellular voltage (ZEV) by the same magnitude. This observation strongly suggests a coupling effect between Vz and Vm. An increase in the level of intracellular CO2 (dark respiration) leads to hyperpolarization of the cell without any immediate effect on the extracellular voltage. Therefore, the metabolic activity of a cell can proceed without inducing changes in Vz. Conversely, Vz can be modified by external stimulation without metabolic input from the cell. The evolution of the ZEV, particularly around spines and wounded cells, where ion exchange is enhanced, suggests that the formation of the ZEV may be attributed to the exchange of ions across the cell wall and cell membrane. By comparing the changes in Vm in response to external stimuli, as measured by electrodes and observed using a potential-sensitive dye, we provide experimental evidence demonstrating the significance of extracellular voltage in determining the cell's membrane potential. This may have implications for our understanding of cell membrane potential generation beyond the activities of ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohara Mahadeva
- Department of Reproductive Immunology & Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sebastian Niestępski
- Department of Reproductive Immunology & Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kowacz
- Department of Reproductive Immunology & Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
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5
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Filipić B, Ušjak D, Rambaher MH, Oljacic S, Milenković MT. Evaluation of novel compounds as anti-bacterial or anti-virulence agents. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1370062. [PMID: 38510964 PMCID: PMC10951914 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1370062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat, leading to an alarming increase in the prevalence of bacterial infections that can no longer be treated with available antibiotics. The World Health Organization estimates that by 2050 up to 10 million deaths per year could be associated with antimicrobial resistance, which would equal the annual number of cancer deaths worldwide. To overcome this emerging crisis, novel anti-bacterial compounds are urgently needed. There are two possible approaches in the fight against bacterial infections: a) targeting structures within bacterial cells, similar to existing antibiotics; and/or b) targeting virulence factors rather than bacterial growth. Here, for the first time, we provide a comprehensive overview of the key steps in the evaluation of potential new anti-bacterial and/or anti-virulence compounds. The methods described in this review include: a) in silico methods for the evaluation of novel compounds; b) anti-bacterial assays (MIC, MBC, Time-kill); b) anti-virulence assays (anti-biofilm, anti-quorum sensing, anti-adhesion); and c) evaluation of safety aspects (cytotoxicity assay and Ames test). Overall, we provide a detailed description of the methods that are an essential tool for chemists, computational chemists, microbiologists, and toxicologists in the evaluation of potential novel antimicrobial compounds. These methods are cost-effective and have high predictive value. They are widely used in preclinical studies to identify new molecular candidates, for further investigation in animal and human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brankica Filipić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Ušjak
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Martina Hrast Rambaher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Slavica Oljacic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina T. Milenković
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Sampaio KB, de Brito Alves JL, do Nascimento YM, Tavares JF, da Silva MS, Dos Santos Nascimento D, de Araújo Rodrigues NP, Monteiro MC, Garcia EF, de Souza EL. Effects of Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions on Combined Potentially Probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum 296, Quercetin, and/or Resveratrol as Bioactive Components of Novel Nutraceuticals. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:308-319. [PMID: 36708461 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10046-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of simulated gastrointestinal conditions (SGIC) on combined potentially probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum 296 (~ 10 log CFU/mL), quercetin (QUE, 160 mg), and/or resveratrol (RES, 150 mg) as the bioactive components of novel nutraceuticals. Four different nutraceuticals were evaluated during exposure to SGIC and analyzed the plate counts and physiological status of L. fermentum 296, contents and bioaccessibility of QUE and RES, and antioxidant capacity. Nutraceuticals with QUE and RES had the highest plate counts (4.94 ± 0.32 log CFU/mL) and sizes of live cell subpopulations (28.40 ± 0.28%) of L. fermentum 296 after SGIC exposure. An index of injured cells (Gmean index, arbitrary unit defined as above 0.5) indicated that part of L. fermentum 296 cells could be entered the viable but nonculturable state when the nutraceuticals were exposed to gastric and intestinal conditions while maintaining vitality. The nutraceuticals maintained high contents (QUE ~ 29.17 ± 0.62 and RES ~ 23.05 mg/100 g) and bioaccessibility (QUE ~ 41.0 ± 0.09% and RES ~ 67.4 ± 0.17%) of QUE and RES, as well as high antioxidant capacity (ABTS assay ~ 88.18 ± 1.16% and DPPH assay 75.54 ± 0.65%) during SGIC exposure, which could be linked to the protective effects on L. fermentum 296 cells. The developed nutraceuticals could cross along the gastrointestinal tract with high concentrations of functioning potentially probiotic cells and bioavailable phenolic compounds to exert their beneficial impacts on consumer health, being an innovative strategy for the co-ingestion of these bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoliny Brito Sampaio
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I - Cidade Universitária, CEP, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I - Cidade Universitária, CEP, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Sobral da Silva
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Davi Dos Santos Nascimento
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I - Cidade Universitária, CEP, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Costa Monteiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Estefânia Fernandes Garcia
- Department of Gastronomy, Center of Technology and Regional Development, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I - Cidade Universitária, CEP, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil.
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Guo Q, Xue S, Feng J, Peng C, Zhou C, Qiao Y. AIE-Active Glycomimetics Triggered Bacterial Agglutination and Membrane-Intercalating toward Efficient Photodynamic Antiseptic. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300818. [PMID: 37246869 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Opportunistic infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) are particularly difficult to treat due to the altered membrane permeability and inherent resistance to conventional antibiotics. Here, a cationic glycomimetics is designed and synthesized with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics namely TPyGal, which self-assembles into the spherical aggregates with galactosylated surface. TPyGal aggregates can effectively cluster P. aeruginosa through multivalent carbohydrate-lectin interactions and auxiliary electrostatic interactions and subsequently trigger membrane-intercalating, which results in efficient photodynamic eradication of P. aeruginosa under white light irradiation by in situ singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) burst to disrupt bacterial membrane. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that TPyGal aggregates promote the healing of infected wounds, indicating the potential for clinical treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoni Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Shaobo Xue
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200435, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chen Peng
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200435, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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8
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Zhang J, Ren L, Zhang L, Gong Y, Xu T, Wang X, Guo C, Zhai L, Yu X, Li Y, Zhu P, Chen R, Jing X, Jing G, Zhou S, Xu M, Wang C, Niu C, Ge Y, Ma B, Shang G, Cui Y, Yao S, Xu J. Single-cell rapid identification, in situ viability and vitality profiling, and genome-based source-tracking for probiotics products. IMETA 2023; 2:e117. [PMID: 38867931 PMCID: PMC10989769 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Rapid expansion of the probiotics industry demands fast, sensitive, comprehensive, and low-cost strategies for quality assessment. Here, we introduce a culture-free, one-cell-resolution, phenome-genome-combined strategy called Single-Cell Identification, Viability and Vitality tests, and Source-tracking (SCIVVS). For each cell directly extracted from the product, the fingerprint region of D2O-probed single-cell Raman spectrum (SCRS) enables species-level identification with 93% accuracy, based on a reference SCRS database from 21 statutory probiotic species, whereas the C-D band accurately quantifies viability, metabolic vitality plus their intercellular heterogeneity. For source-tracking, single-cell Raman-activated Cell Sorting and Sequencing can proceed, producing indexed, precisely one-cell-based genome assemblies that can reach ~99.40% genome-wide coverage. Finally, we validated an integrated SCIVVS workflow with automated SCRS acquisition where the whole process except sequencing takes just 5 h. As it is >20-fold faster, >10-time cheaper, vitality-revealing, heterogeneity-resolving, and automation-prone, SCIVVS is a new technological and data framework for quality assessment of live-cell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lihui Ren
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- College of Information Science & EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Lei Zhang
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao Branch of China United Network Communications Co., Ltd.QingdaoShandongChina
| | - Yanhai Gong
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Teng Xu
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaohang Wang
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Cheng Guo
- Eastsea Pharma Co., Ltd.QingdaoShandongChina
| | - Lei Zhai
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., China Center of Industrial Culture CollectionBeijingChina
| | - Xuejian Yu
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., China Center of Industrial Culture CollectionBeijingChina
| | - Ying Li
- Qingdao Single‐Cell Biotech. Co., Ltd.QingdaoShandongChina
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao Single‐Cell Biotech. Co., Ltd.QingdaoShandongChina
| | - Rongze Chen
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyan Jing
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Gongchao Jing
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Mingyue Xu
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Chen Wang
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
| | | | - Yuanyuan Ge
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., China Center of Industrial Culture CollectionBeijingChina
| | - Bo Ma
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Yunlong Cui
- Eastsea Pharma Co., Ltd.QingdaoShandongChina
| | - Su Yao
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., China Center of Industrial Culture CollectionBeijingChina
| | - Jian Xu
- Single‐Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandongChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoShandongChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoShandongChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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9
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Ding N, Li Z, Jiang L, Liu H, Zhang Y, Sun Y. Kinetics and mechanisms of bacteria disinfection by performic acid in wastewater: In comparison with peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:162606. [PMID: 36906014 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Performic acid (PFA) has been increasingly used in wastewater disinfection due to its strong oxidizing ability and few disinfection byproducts. However, its disinfection pathways and mechanisms towards pathogenic bacteria disinfection are poorly understood. In this study, E. coli, S. aureus, and B. subtilis were inactivated using sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), PFA, and peracetic acid (PAA) in simulated turbid water and municipal secondary effluent. Cell culture-based plate counting showed that E. coli and S. aureus were extremely susceptible to NaClO and PFA and achieved a 4-log inactivation at CTs ≤ 1 mg/L·min with an initial disinfectant concentration of 0.3 mg/L. B. subtilis was much more resistant. At the initial disinfectant dose of 7.5 mg/L, PFA required CTs of 3-13 mg/L·min to achieve a 4-log inactivation. Turbidity negatively affected the disinfection. In the secondary effluent, the CTs required for PFA to achieve a 4-log inactivation of E. coli and B. subtilis were 6-12 times higher than those required in simulated turbid water, and a 4-log inactivation of S. aureus could not be achieved. PAA showed a much weaker disinfection ability than the other two disinfectants. The reaction pathways of E. coli inactivation by PFA included both direct and indirect reactions, in which the PFA molecule accounted for 73 %, and ·OH and peroxide radicals accounted for 20 % and 6 %, respectively. During PFA disinfection, E. coli cells were severely disintegrated, while the S. aureus cell exteriors remained mostly intact. B. subtilis was the least affected. Compared with cell culture-based analysis, the inactivation detected by flow cytometry was significantly lower. Viable but non-culturable bacteria after disinfection were believed to be primarily responsible for this inconsistency. This study suggested that PFA was able to control regular bacteria in wastewater, but it should be used with caution when treating recalcitrant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Comprehensive Utilization of Resources, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Comprehensive Utilization of Resources, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxue Sun
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Comprehensive Utilization of Resources, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.
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10
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Wang Y, Shen J, Meng F, Lu Z, Lv F, Zhou L, Zhao H. Effects of monolauroyl-galactosylglycerol on membrane fatty acids and properties of Bacillus cereus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12567-4. [PMID: 37204449 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to provide new ideas for the antibacterial mechanism of monolauroyl-galactosylglycerol (MLGG) from the perspective of cell membranes. The changes in cell membrane properties of Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) CMCC 66,301 exposed to different concentrations (1 × MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration), 2 × MIC, 1 × MBC (minimum bacterial concentration)) of MLGG were evaluated. It was found that the lag phase of B. cereus cells was prolonged at low concentration MLGG (1 × MIC and 2 × MIC), while about 2 log CFU/mL reduction in B. cereus populations were observed when exposed to high concentration MLGG (1 × MBC). MLGG treated B. cereus displayed obvious membrane depolarization, while membrane permeability had no change using PI (propidium iodide) staining. Significant increase in the membrane fluidity in response to MLGG exposure occurred, which was consistent with the modification of membrane fatty acids compositions, where the relative content of straight-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) increased, while branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) decreased significantly. The decreased transition Tm value and cell surface hydrophobicity was also observed. Additionally, effect of MLGG on bacterial membrane compositions were explored at the submolecular level by infrared spectroscopy. Resistance tests of B. cereus to MLGG had demonstrated the advantages of MLGG as a bacteriostatic agent. Collectively, these studies indicate that modifying the fatty acid composition and properties of cellular membranes through MLGG exposure is crucial for inhibiting bacteria growth, providing new insights into the antimicrobial mechanisms of MLGG. KEY POINTS: • Monolauroyl-galactosylglycerol inserted into B. cereus lipid bilayer membrane • Monolauroyl-galactosylglycerol treatment caused B. cereus membrane depolarization • Monolauroyl-galactosylglycerol resulted in B. cereus membrane fatty acids alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Juan Shen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fanqiang Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fengxia Lv
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Libang Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haizhen Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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11
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Espeche JC, Varas R, Maturana P, Cutro AC, Maffía PC, Hollmann A. Membrane permeability and antimicrobial peptides: Much more than just making a hole. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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12
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Trinh KTL, Lee NY. Recent Methods for the Viability Assessment of Bacterial Pathogens: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11091057. [PMID: 36145489 PMCID: PMC9500772 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Viability assessment is a critical step in evaluating bacterial pathogens to determine infectious risks to public health. Based on three accepted viable criteria (culturability, metabolic activity, and membrane integrity), current viability assessments are categorized into three main strategies. The first strategy relies on the culturability of bacteria. The major limitation of this strategy is that it cannot detect viable but nonculturable (VBNC) bacteria. As the second strategy, based on the metabolic activity of bacteria, VBNC bacteria can be detected. However, VBNC bacteria sometimes can enter a dormant state that allows them to silence reproduction and metabolism; therefore, they cannot be detected based on culturability and metabolic activity. In order to overcome this drawback, viability assessments based on membrane integrity (third strategy) have been developed. However, these techniques generally require multiple steps, bulky machines, and laboratory technicians to conduct the tests, making them less attractive and popular applications. With significant advances in microfluidic technology, these limitations of current technologies for viability assessment can be improved. This review summarized and discussed the advances, challenges, and future perspectives of current methods for the viability assessment of bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieu The Loan Trinh
- Department of Industrial Environmental Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea
- Correspondence:
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13
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Yang CI, Zhu Z, Jones JJ, Lomenick B, Chou TF, Shan SO. System-wide analyses reveal essential roles of N-terminal protein modification in bacterial membrane integrity. iScience 2022; 25:104756. [PMID: 35942092 PMCID: PMC9356101 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The removal of the N-terminal formyl group on nascent proteins by peptide deformylase (PDF) is the most prevalent protein modification in bacteria. PDF is a critical target of antibiotic development; however, its role in bacterial physiology remains a long-standing question. This work used the time-resolved analyses of the Escherichia coli translatome and proteome to investigate the consequences of PDF inhibition. Loss of PDF activity rapidly induces cellular stress responses, especially those associated with protein misfolding and membrane defects, followed by a global down-regulation of metabolic pathways. Rapid membrane hyperpolarization and impaired membrane integrity were observed shortly after PDF inhibition, suggesting that the plasma membrane disruption is the most immediate and primary consequence of formyl group retention on nascent proteins. This work resolves the physiological function of a ubiquitous protein modification and uncovers its crucial role in maintaining the structure and function of the bacterial membrane. PDF inhibition induces membrane defects and metabolic imbalance Deformylation is involved in nascent protein folding Membrane is the earliest and primary target of N-formylation on nascent proteins PDF activity is essential for redox homeostasis in bacteria
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-I Yang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Zikun Zhu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Jones
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Brett Lomenick
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Tsui-Fen Chou
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Shu-ou Shan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Corresponding author
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14
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Visualization of Antimicrobial-Induced Bacterial Membrane Disruption with a Bicolor AIEgen. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10070284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria are difficult to kill due to their complex cell envelope, including the outer membrane (OM) and cytoplasmic membrane (CM). To monitor the membranolytic action of antimicrobials on Gram-negative bacteria would facilitate the development of effective antimicrobials. In this paper, an aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) with microenvironment-sensitive properties was employed to indicate the interaction of antimicrobials with the OM and CM of Gram-negative bacteria. The damaged extent of OM and CM caused by antimicrobials with the change of dosage and incubation time can be visually captured based on the variation of two emission colors of IQ-Cm responding to OM-defective (green) and CM-disruptive bacteria (orange). Meanwhile, the activity assessment of antimicrobials can be easily realized within 1~2 h based on the distinct response of IQ-Cm to live and dead E. coli, which is much faster than the agar plate culture. This probe may shed light on the understanding of the interaction between the membrane-active antimicrobials and cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria and contribute to the future development of antimicrobials.
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15
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Do Pham DD, Mojr V, Helusová M, Mikušová G, Pohl R, Dávidová E, Šanderová H, Vítovská D, Bogdanová K, Večeřová R, Sedláková MH, Fišer R, Sudzinová P, Pospíšil J, Benada O, Křížek T, Galandáková A, Kolář M, Krásný L, Rejman D. LEGO-Lipophosphonoxins: A Novel Approach in Designing Membrane Targeting Antimicrobials. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10045-10078. [PMID: 35839126 PMCID: PMC9580004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The alarming rise of bacterial antibiotic resistance
requires the
development of new compounds. Such compounds, lipophosphonoxins (LPPOs),
were previously reported to be active against numerous bacterial species,
but serum albumins abolished their activity. Here we describe the
synthesis and evaluation of novel antibacterial compounds termed LEGO-LPPOs,
loosely based on LPPOs, consisting of a central linker module with
two attached connector modules on either side. The connector modules
are then decorated with polar and hydrophobic modules. We performed
an extensive structure–activity relationship study by varying
the length of the linker and hydrophobic modules. The best compounds
were active against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive species including
multiresistant strains and persisters. LEGO-LPPOs act by first depleting
the membrane potential and then creating pores in the cytoplasmic
membrane. Importantly, their efficacy is not affected by the presence
of serum albumins. Low cytotoxicity and low propensity for resistance
development demonstrate their potential for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Dinh Do Pham
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Mojr
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Helusová
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Mikušová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Dávidová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Šanderová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Vídečská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Dragana Vítovská
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Vídečská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Bogdanová
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Večeřová
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Htoutou Sedláková
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radovan Fišer
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Sudzinová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Vídečská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pospíšil
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Vídečská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Benada
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Vídečská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Křížek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Galandáková
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kolář
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Krásný
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Vídečská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Rejman
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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16
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Hartmann FSF, Udugama IA, Seibold GM, Sugiyama H, Gernaey KV. Digital models in biotechnology: Towards multi-scale integration and implementation. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108015. [PMID: 35781047 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Industrial biotechnology encompasses a large area of multi-scale and multi-disciplinary research activities. With the recent megatrend of digitalization sweeping across all industries, there is an increased focus in the biotechnology industry on developing, integrating and applying digital models to improve all aspects of industrial biotechnology. Given the rapid development of this field, we systematically classify the state-of-art modelling concepts applied at different scales in industrial biotechnology and critically discuss their current usage, advantages and limitations. Further, we critically analyzed current strategies to couple cell models with computational fluid dynamics to study the performance of industrial microorganisms in large-scale bioprocesses, which is of crucial importance for the bio-based production industries. One of the most challenging aspects in this context is gathering intracellular data under industrially relevant conditions. Towards comprehensive models, we discuss how different scale-down concepts combined with appropriate analytical tools can capture intracellular states of single cells. We finally illustrated how the efforts could be used to develop digitals models suitable for both cell factory design and process optimization at industrial scales in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian S F Hartmann
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 223, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Isuru A Udugama
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 228 A, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Gerd M Seibold
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 223, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hirokazu Sugiyama
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Krist V Gernaey
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 228 A, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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17
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He X, Obeng E, Sun X, Kwon N, Shen J, Yoon J. Polydopamine, harness of the antibacterial potentials-A review. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100329. [PMID: 35757029 PMCID: PMC9218838 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality, triggered by the adhesion of microbes and to some extent the formation of biofilms. This condition has been quite challenging in the health and industrial sector. Conditions and processes required to foil these infectious and resistance are of much concern. The synthesis of PDA material, inspired by the Mytilus edulis foot protein (MEFP)5 possesses unique characteristics that allow for, adhesion, photothermal therapy, synergistic effects with other materials, biocompatibility process, etc. Therefore, their usage holds great potential for dealing with both the infectious nature and the antibiotic resistance processes. Hence, this review provides an overview of the mechanism involved in accomplishing and eradicating bacteria, the recently harnessed antibacterial effect of the PDA through other properties they possess, a way forward in tapping the benefit embedded in the PDA, and the future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun He
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Enoch Obeng
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Sun
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Nahyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jianliang Shen
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.,Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
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18
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van de Velde CC, Joseph C, Biclot A, Huys GRB, Pinheiro VB, Bernaerts K, Raes J, Faust K. Fast quantification of gut bacterial species in cocultures using flow cytometry and supervised classification. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:40. [PMID: 37938658 PMCID: PMC9723706 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
A bottleneck for microbial community experiments with many samples and/or replicates is the fast quantification of individual taxon abundances, which is commonly achieved through sequencing marker genes such as the 16S rRNA gene. Here, we propose a new approach for high-throughput and high-quality enumeration of human gut bacteria in a defined community, combining flow cytometry and supervised classification to identify and quantify species mixed in silico and in defined communities in vitro. We identified species in a 5-species in silico community with an F1 score of 71%. In addition, we demonstrate in vitro that our method performs equally well or better than 16S rRNA gene sequencing in two-species cocultures and agrees with 16S rRNA gene sequencing data on the most abundant species in a four-species community. We found that shape and size differences alone are insufficient to distinguish species, and that it is thus necessary to exploit the multivariate nature of flow cytometry data. Finally, we observed that variability of flow cytometry data across replicates differs between gut bacterial species. In conclusion, the performance of supervised classification of gut species in flow cytometry data is species-dependent, but is for some combinations accurate enough to serve as a faster alternative to 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte C van de Velde
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Clémence Joseph
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anaïs Biclot
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven, Center for Microbiology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert R B Huys
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven, Center for Microbiology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vitor B Pinheiro
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristel Bernaerts
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemical and Biochemical Reactor Engineering and Safety (CREaS), B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven, Center for Microbiology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karoline Faust
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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19
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Soret M, Bouchendhomme T, Cleach J, Jouy N, Crola Da Silva C, Devin A, Grard T, Lencel P. Measurement of fish freshness: Flow cytometry analysis of isolated muscle mitochondria. Food Chem 2022; 373:131690. [PMID: 34865931 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are real sensors of the physiological status of tissues. After the death of an animal, they maintain physiological activity for several days. This activity is highly dependent on the availability of nutrients in the tissue. In this study, flow cytometry was used to measure the membrane potential of mitochondria isolated from European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) red muscle stored in ice for seven days in order to characterize fish freshness. Two probes, TMRM and Rhodamine 123, were used to measure mitochondrial potential. During the first few days (D0 to D3), isolated mitochondria maintained high potential, and then lost their potential (from D3 to D5), but were always re-polarizable after addition of substrates (glutamate, malate and succinate). From D7, the mitochondria were more strongly depolarized and were difficult to repolarize by the substrates. Using flow cytometry, we demonstrated that mitochondria were an excellent marker to confirm seabass freshness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Méline Soret
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 1158 BioEcoAgro, Institut Charles Viollette, USC ANSES, INRAE, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège, Junia, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Tiffanie Bouchendhomme
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 1158 BioEcoAgro, Institut Charles Viollette, USC ANSES, INRAE, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège, Junia, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Jérôme Cleach
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 1158 BioEcoAgro, Institut Charles Viollette, USC ANSES, INRAE, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège, Junia, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Nathalie Jouy
- Univ. Lille, Bio Imaging Center Lille, Lille, F-59000, France.
| | - Claire Crola Da Silva
- Univ. Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAe, INSA, F-69500 Bron, France.
| | - Anne Devin
- UMR CNRS 5095 Institut de biochimie et génétique cellulaires (IBGC), F-33077 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Thierry Grard
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 1158 BioEcoAgro, Institut Charles Viollette, USC ANSES, INRAE, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège, Junia, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Philippe Lencel
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 1158 BioEcoAgro, Institut Charles Viollette, USC ANSES, INRAE, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège, Junia, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
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Pereira AC, Tenreiro A, Cunha MV. When FLOW-FISH met FACS: Combining multiparametric, dynamic approaches for microbial single-cell research in the total environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150682. [PMID: 34600998 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In environmental microbiology, the ability to assess, in a high-throughput way, single-cells within microbial communities is key to understand their heterogeneity. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) uses fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probes to detect, identify, and quantify single cells of specific taxonomic groups. The combination of Flow Cytometry (FLOW) with FISH (FLOW-FISH) enables high-throughput quantification of complex whole cell populations, which when associated with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) enables sorting of target microorganisms. These sorted cells may be investigated in many ways, for instance opening new avenues for cytomics at a single-cell scale. In this review, an overview of FISH and FLOW methodologies is provided, addressing conventional methods, signal amplification approaches, common fluorophores for cell physiology parameters evaluation, and model variation techniques as well. The coupling of FLOW-FISH-FACS is explored in the context of different downstream applications of sorted cells. Current and emerging applications in environmental microbiology to outline the interactions and processes of complex microbial communities within soil, water, animal microbiota, polymicrobial biofilms, and food samples, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Pereira
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Tenreiro
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mónica V Cunha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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21
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Taguer M, Darbinian E, Wark K, Ter-Cheam A, Stephens DA, Maurice CF. Changes in Gut Bacterial Translation Occur before Symptom Onset and Dysbiosis in Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Murine Colitis. mSystems 2021; 6:e0050721. [PMID: 34874778 PMCID: PMC8651081 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00507-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal studies on the gut microbiome that follow the effect of a perturbation are critical in understanding the microbiome's response and succession to disease. Here, we use a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) mouse model of colitis as a tractable perturbation to study how gut bacteria change their physiology over the course of a perturbation. Using single-cell methods such as flow cytometry, bioorthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT), and population-based cell sorting combined with 16S rRNA sequencing, we determine the diversity of physiologically distinct fractions of the gut microbiota and how they respond to a controlled perturbation. The physiological markers of bacterial activity studied here include relative nucleic acid content, membrane damage, and protein production. There is a distinct and reproducible succession in bacterial physiology, with an increase in bacteria with membrane damage and diversity changes in the translationally active fraction, both, critically, occurring before symptom onset. Large increases in the relative abundance of Akkermansia were seen in all physiological fractions, most notably in the translationally active bacteria. Performing these analyses within a detailed, longitudinal framework determines which bacteria change their physiology early on, focusing therapeutic efforts in the future to predict or even mitigate relapse in diseases like inflammatory bowel diseases. IMPORTANCE Most studies on the gut microbiome focus on the composition of this community and how it changes in disease. However, how the community transitions from a healthy state to one associated with disease is currently unknown. Additionally, common diversity metrics do not provide functional information on bacterial activity. We begin to address these two unknowns by following bacterial activity over the course of disease progression, using a tractable mouse model of colitis. We find reproducible changes in gut bacterial physiology that occur before symptom onset, with increases in the proportion of bacteria with membrane damage, and changes in community composition of the translationally active bacteria. Our data provide a framework to identify possible windows of intervention and which bacteria to target in microbiome-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Taguer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - E. Darbinian
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - K. Wark
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - A. Ter-Cheam
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D. A. Stephens
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - C. F. Maurice
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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22
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Dynamics of physiological responses of potentially probiotic fruit-derived Limosilactobacillus fermentum in apple and orange juices during refrigeration storage and exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Roy S, Bahar AA, Gu H, Nangia S, Sauer K, Ren D. Persister control by leveraging dormancy associated reduction of antibiotic efflux. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010144. [PMID: 34890435 PMCID: PMC8716142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent bacterial infections do not respond to current antibiotic treatments and thus present a great medical challenge. These conditions have been linked to the formation of dormant subpopulations of bacteria, known as persister cells, that are growth-arrested and highly tolerant to conventional antibiotics. Here, we report a new strategy of persister control and demonstrate that minocycline, an amphiphilic antibiotic that does not require active transport to penetrate bacterial membranes, is effective in killing Escherichia coli persister cells [by 70.8 ± 5.9% (0.53 log) at 100 μg/mL], while being ineffective in killing normal cells. Further mechanistic studies revealed that persister cells have reduced drug efflux and accumulate more minocycline than normal cells, leading to effective killing of this dormant subpopulation upon wake-up. Consistently, eravacycline, which also targets the ribosome but has a stronger binding affinity than minocycline, kills persister cells by 3 logs when treated at 100 μg/mL. In summary, the findings of this study reveal that while dormancy is a well-known cause of antibiotic tolerance, it also provides an Achilles’ heel for controlling persister cells by leveraging dormancy associated reduction of drug efflux. Bacterial persister cells are dormant phenotypic variants that are highly tolerant to most antibiotics; and thus, present a major challenge to infection control. This motivated us to develop new strategies that can specifically target the persister population. It is known that persister formation is associated with reduced membrane potential and cellular activities. Thus, we hypothesize that persister cells have reduced drug efflux compared to normal cells and accumulate more antimicrobial agents that can penetrate the membranes of persister cells. By testing this hypothesis, we developed a new set of criteria for selecting persister control agents and demonstrated effective control of Escherichia coli persister cells by minocycline, rifamycin SV, and eravacycline. Our results revealed that these agents are more effective against persister cells than normal cells and the killing occurred during persister wake-up. Collectively, these results demonstrate a new strategy for persister control by leveraging dormancy associated changes in bacterial physiology. The findings may contribute to future drug discovery and the treatment of persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Roy
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Ali Adem Bahar
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Huan Gu
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Shikha Nangia
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Karin Sauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - Dacheng Ren
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Mao G, Wang Y, Hammes F. Automated flow cytometry as a flexible tool for comparing disinfection characteristics of indigenous bacterial communities and pure cultures. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112799. [PMID: 34555718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial inactivation efficiency of chlorine varies with organisms and environmental conditions. The comparability of different samples/studies, especially comparing indigenous bacterial communities with pure cultures, is impeded by inconsistent experimental conditions and analytical methods used in various studies. We tested a novel 96-well plate FCM experimental and automated analytical approach, where bacterial communities and pure cultures were suspended in the same natural water matrix prior to chlorination directly in the plate. We demonstrated the ability to rapidly monitor the efficiency of 32 different combinations of chlorine concentration and time (i.e. chlorine exposure) on bacterial pure cultures and indigenous aquatic communities, which enabled correct comparison of the data from different samples under the exact same experimental conditions. In this study, the 96-well plate automated FCM approach enabled large sets (896) of independent chlorination experiments to be carried out in a short time period. To our knowledge, this is the largest dataset of chlorination experiments which consumed least time (within 18 h after sampling) until now. Staining with SYBR Green I (SG) and SG combined with propidium iodide (SGPI) was used to assess cellular damage during chlorination. The results showed that with the same chlorine exposure, a higher chlorine concentration with a shorter contact time is favorable for inactivation of bacteria. Our research provides a promising framework to compare disinfection characteristics of various microorganism and can be further developed to diagnose effect of antimicrobial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland; State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Frederik Hammes
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland.
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25
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Advances in aggregation induced emission (AIE) materials in biosensing and imaging of bacteria. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021. [PMID: 34749976 PMCID: PMC8292011 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
With their ubiquitous nature, bacteria have had a significant impact on human health and evolution. Though as commensals residing in/on our bodies several bacterial communities support our health in many ways, bacteria remain one of the major causes of infectious diseases that plague the human world. Adding to this, emergence of antibiotic resistant strains limited the use of available antibiotics. The current available techniques to prevent and control such infections remain insufficient. This has been proven during one of greatest pandemic of our generation, COVID-19. It has been observed that bacterial coinfections were predominantly observed in COVID-19 patients, despite antibiotic treatment. Such higher rates of coinfections in critical patients even after antibiotic treatment is a matter of concern. Owing to many reasons across the world drug resistance in bacteria is posing a major problem i. According to Center for Disease control (CDC) antibiotic report threats (AR), 2019 more than 2.8 million antibiotic resistant cases were reported, and more than 35,000 were dead among them in USA alone. In both normal and pandemic conditions, failure of identifying infectious agent has played a major role. This strongly prompts the need to improve upon the existing techniques to not just effective identification of an unknown bacterium, but also to discriminate normal Vs drug resistant strains. New techniques based on Aggregation Induced Emission (AIE) are not only simple and rapid but also have high accuracy to visualize infection and differentiate many strains of bacteria based on biomolecular variations which has been discussed in this chapter.
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26
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Zhao S, Zhang J, Li Z, Han Y, Kan B. Enumeration of Viable Non-Culturable Vibrio cholerae Using Droplet Digital PCR Combined With Propidium Monoazide Treatment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:753078. [PMID: 34796126 PMCID: PMC8592976 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.753078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bacterial species, including Vibrio cholerae (the pathogen that causes cholera), enter a physiologically viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state at low temperature or in conditions of low nutrition; this is a survival strategy to resist environmental stress. Identification, detection, and differentiation of VBNC cells and nonviable cells are essential for both microbiological study and disease surveillance/control. Enumeration of VBNC cells requires an accurate method. Traditional counting methods do not allow quantification of VBNC cells because they are not culturable. Morphology-based counting cannot distinguish between live and dead cells. A bacterial cell possesses one copy of the chromosome. Hence, counting single-copy genes on the chromosome is a suitable approach to count bacterial cells. In this study, we developed quantitative PCR-based methods, including real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), to enumerate VBNC V. cholerae cells by counting the numbers of single-copy genes in samples during VBNC-state development. Propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment was incorporated to distinguish dead cells from viable cells. Both PCR methods could be used to quantify the number of DNA copies/mL and determine the proportion of dead cells (when PMA was used). The methods produced comparable counts using three single-copy genes (VC1376, thyA, and recA). However, ddPCR showed greater accuracy and sensitivity than qPCR. ddPCR also allows direct counting without the need to establish a standard curve. Our study develops a PMA-ddPCR method as a new tool to quantify VBNC cells of V. cholerae. The method can be extended to other bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Biao Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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27
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Manganese-Oxidizing Antarctic Bacteria (Mn-Oxb) Release Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) as Secondary Mn(II) Oxidation Mechanisms to Avoid Toxicity. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101004. [PMID: 34681103 PMCID: PMC8533519 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) oxidation is performed through oxidative Mn-oxidizing bacteria (MnOxb) as the main bio-weathering mechanism for Mn(III/IV) deposits during soil formation. However, with an increase in temperature, the respiration rate also increases, producing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) as by-products, which are harmful to microbial cells. We hypothesize that bacterial ROS oxidize Mn(II) to Mn(III/IV) as a secondary non-enzymatic temperature-dependent mechanism for cell protection. Fourteen MnOxb were isolated from Antarctic soils under the global warming effect, and peroxidase (PO) activity, ROS, and Mn(III/IV) production were evaluated for 120 h of incubation at 4 °C, 15 °C, and 30 °C. ROS contributions to Mn oxidation were evaluated in Arthrobacter oxydans under antioxidant (Trolox) and ROS-stimulated (menadione) conditions. The Mn(III/IV) concentration increased with temperature and positively correlated with ROS production. ROS scavenging with Trolox depleted the Mn oxidation, and ROS-stimulant increased the Mn precipitation in A. oxydans. Increasing the Mn(II) concentration caused a reduction in the membrane potential and bacterial viability, which resulted in Mn precipitation on the bacteria surface. In conclusion, bacterial ROS production serves as a complementary non-enzymatic temperature-dependent mechanism for Mn(II) oxidation as a response in warming environments.
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28
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Jiang X, Patil NA, Azad MAK, Wickremasinghe H, Yu H, Zhao J, Zhang X, Li M, Gong B, Wan L, Ma W, Thompson PE, Yang K, Yuan B, Schreiber F, Wang L, Velkov T, Roberts KD, Li J. A novel chemical biology and computational approach to expedite the discovery of new-generation polymyxins against life-threatening Acinetobacter baumannii. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12211-12220. [PMID: 34667587 PMCID: PMC8457388 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03460j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria represent a major medical challenge worldwide. New antibiotics are desperately required with 'old' polymyxins often being the only available therapeutic option. Here, we systematically investigated the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of polymyxins using a quantitative lipidomics-informed outer membrane (OM) model of Acinetobacter baumannii and a series of chemically synthesized polymyxin analogs. By integrating chemical biology and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we deciphered how each residue of the polymyxin molecule modulated its conformational folding and specific interactions with the bacterial OM. Importantly, a novel designed polymyxin analog FADDI-287 with predicted stronger OM penetration showed improved in vitro antibacterial activity. Collectively, our study provides a novel chemical biology and computational strategy to expedite the discovery of new-generation polymyxins against life-threatening Gram-negative 'superbugs'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xukai Jiang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University Qingdao China
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Monash University Melbourne Australia +61 3 9905 6450 +61 3 9903 9702
| | - Nitin A Patil
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Monash University Melbourne Australia +61 3 9905 6450 +61 3 9903 9702
| | - Mohammad A K Azad
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Monash University Melbourne Australia +61 3 9905 6450 +61 3 9903 9702
| | - Hasini Wickremasinghe
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Monash University Melbourne Australia +61 3 9905 6450 +61 3 9903 9702
| | - Heidi Yu
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Monash University Melbourne Australia +61 3 9905 6450 +61 3 9903 9702
| | - Jinxin Zhao
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Monash University Melbourne Australia +61 3 9905 6450 +61 3 9903 9702
| | - Xinru Zhang
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Monash University Melbourne Australia +61 3 9905 6450 +61 3 9903 9702
| | - Mengyao Li
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Monash University Melbourne Australia +61 3 9905 6450 +61 3 9903 9702
| | - Bin Gong
- School of Software, Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Lin Wan
- School of Software, Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Wendong Ma
- Centre for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Philip E Thompson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Kai Yang
- Centre for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Bing Yuan
- Centre for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Falk Schreiber
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
- Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University Qingdao China
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Kade D Roberts
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Monash University Melbourne Australia +61 3 9905 6450 +61 3 9903 9702
| | - Jian Li
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection & Immunity Program, Monash University Melbourne Australia +61 3 9905 6450 +61 3 9903 9702
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29
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Robertson J, McGoverin C, White JR, Vanholsbeeck F, Swift S. Rapid Detection of Escherichia coli Antibiotic Susceptibility Using Live/Dead Spectrometry for Lytic Agents. Microorganisms 2021; 9:924. [PMID: 33925816 PMCID: PMC8147107 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat to public health. The empiric use of the wrong antibiotic occurs due to urgency in treatment combined with slow, culture-based diagnostic techniques. Inappropriate antibiotic choice can promote the development of antibiotic resistance. We investigated live/dead spectrometry using a fluorimeter (Optrode) as a rapid alternative to culture-based techniques through application of the LIVE/DEAD® BacLightTM Bacterial Viability Kit. Killing was detected by the Optrode in near real-time when Escherichia coli was treated with lytic antibiotics-ampicillin and polymyxin B-and stained with SYTO 9 and/or propidium iodide. Antibiotic concentration, bacterial growth phase, and treatment time used affected the efficacy of this detection method. Quantification methods of the lethal action and inhibitory action of the non-lytic antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol, respectively, remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Robertson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (J.R.W.); (S.S.)
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (C.M.); (F.V.)
| | - Cushla McGoverin
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (C.M.); (F.V.)
- Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Joni R. White
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (J.R.W.); (S.S.)
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (C.M.); (F.V.)
| | - Frédérique Vanholsbeeck
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (C.M.); (F.V.)
- Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Simon Swift
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (J.R.W.); (S.S.)
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Sciuto EL, Laganà P, Filice S, Scalese S, Libertino S, Corso D, Faro G, Coniglio MA. Environmental Management of Legionella in Domestic Water Systems: Consolidated and Innovative Approaches for Disinfection Methods and Risk Assessment. Microorganisms 2021; 9:577. [PMID: 33799845 PMCID: PMC8001549 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionella is able to remain in water as free-living planktonic bacteria or to grow within biofilms that adhere to the pipes. It is also able to enter amoebas or to switch into a viable but not culturable (VBNC) state, which contributes to its resistance to harsh conditions and hinders its detection in water. Factors regulating Legionella growth, such as environmental conditions, type and concentration of available organic and inorganic nutrients, presence of protozoa, spatial location of microorganisms, metal plumbing components, and associated corrosion products are important for Legionella survival and growth. Finally, water treatment and distribution conditions may affect each of these factors. A deeper comprehension of Legionella interactions in water distribution systems with the environmental conditions is needed for better control of the colonization. To this purpose, the implementation of water management plans is the main prevention measure against Legionella. A water management program requires coordination among building managers, health care providers, and Public Health professionals. The review reports a comprehensive view of the state of the art and the promising perspectives of both monitoring and disinfection methods against Legionella in water, focusing on the main current challenges concerning the Public Health sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Luigi Sciuto
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, Via Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Pasqualina Laganà
- Regional Reference Laboratory of Clinical and Environmental Surveillance of Legionellosis, Messina, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Torre Biologica 3p, AOU ‘G. Martino, Via C. Valeria, s.n.c., 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Simona Filice
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi–Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IMM), Ottava Strada 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (S.F.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Silvia Scalese
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi–Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IMM), Ottava Strada 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (S.F.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Sebania Libertino
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi–Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IMM), Ottava Strada 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (S.F.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Domenico Corso
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi–Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IMM), Ottava Strada 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (S.F.); (S.S.); (S.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Giuseppina Faro
- Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catania, Via S. Maria La Grande 5, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Maria Anna Coniglio
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, Via Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Regional Reference Laboratory of Clinical and Environmental Surveillance of Legionellosis, Catania, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Via Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Effect of high levels of CO2 and O2 on membrane fatty acid profile and membrane physiology of meat spoilage bacteria. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe membrane is the major protective barrier separating the cell from the environment and is thus important for bacteria to survive environmental stress. This study investigates changes in membrane lipid compositions and membrane physiology of meat spoiling bacteria in response to high CO2 (30%) and O2 (70%) concentrations, as commonly used for modified atmosphere packaging of meat. Therefore, the fatty acid profile as well as membrane fluidity, permeability and cell surface were determined and correlated to the genomic settings of five meat spoiling bacteria Brochothrix (B.) thermosphacta, Carnobacterium (C.) divergens, C. maltaromaticum, Leuconostoc (L.) gelidum subsp. gelidum and L. gelidum subsp. gasicomitatum cultivated under different gas atmospheres. We identified different genomic potentials for fatty acid adaptations, which were in accordance with actual measured changes in the fatty acid composition for each species in response to CO2 and/or O2, e.g., an increase in saturated, iso and cyclopropane fatty acids. Even though fatty acid changes were species-specific, the general physiological responses were similar, comprising a decreased membrane permeability and fluidity. Thus, we concluded that meat spoiling bacteria facilitate a change in membrane fatty acids upon exposure to O2 and CO2, what leads to alteration of membrane fluidity and permeability. The observed adaptations might contribute to the resistance of meat spoilers against detrimental effects of the gases O2 and CO2 and thus help to explain their ability to grow under different modified atmospheres. Furthermore, this study provides fundamental knowledge regarding the impact of fatty acid changes on important membrane properties of bacteria.
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Taguer M, Quillier O, Maurice CF. Effects of oxygen exposure on relative nucleic acid content and membrane integrity in the human gut microbiota. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10602. [PMID: 33604166 PMCID: PMC7866891 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While the diversity of the human gut microbiota is becoming increasingly well characterized, bacterial physiology is still a critical missing link in understanding how the gut microbiota may be implicated in disease. The current best practice for studying bacterial physiology involves the immediate storage of fecal samples in an anaerobic chamber. This reliance on immediate access to anaerobic chambers greatly limits the scope of sample populations that can be studied. Here, we assess the effects of short-term oxygen exposure on gut bacterial physiology and diversity. We use relative nucleic acid content and membrane integrity as markers of bacterial physiology, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to measure bacterial diversity. Samples were stored for up to 6 h in either ambient conditions or in anoxic environments created with gas packs or in an anaerobic chamber. Our data indicate that AnaeroGen sachets preserve bacterial membrane integrity and nucleic acid content over the course of 6 h similar to storage in an anaerobic chamber. Short-term oxygen exposure increases bacterial membrane permeability, without exceeding inter-individual differences. As oxygen exposure remains an important experimental consideration for bacterial metabolism, our data suggest that AnaeroGen sachets are a valid alternative limiting loss of membrane integrity for short-term storage of samples from harder-to-access populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Taguer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ophélie Quillier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Corinne F. Maurice
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Kastenhofer J, Rajamanickam V, Libiseller-Egger J, Spadiut O. Monitoring and control of E. coli cell integrity. J Biotechnol 2021; 329:1-12. [PMID: 33485861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Soluble expression of recombinant proteins in E. coli is often done by translocation of the product across the inner membrane (IM) into the periplasm, where it is retained by the outer membrane (OM). While the integrity of the IM is strongly coupled to viability and impurity release, a decrease in OM integrity (corresponding to increased "leakiness") leads to accumulation of product in the extracellular space, strongly impacting the downstream process. Whether leakiness is desired or not, differential monitoring and control of IM and OM integrity are necessary for an efficient E. coli bioprocess in compliance with the guidelines of Quality by Design and Process Analytical Technology. In this review, we give an overview of relevant monitoring tools, summarize the research on factors affecting E. coli membrane integrity and provide a brief discussion on how the available monitoring technology can be implemented in real-time control of E. coli cultivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kastenhofer
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Research Group Integrated Bioprocess Development, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vignesh Rajamanickam
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Research Group Integrated Bioprocess Development, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Libiseller-Egger
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Research Group Integrated Bioprocess Development, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Research Group Integrated Bioprocess Development, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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35
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Kumar G, Narayan R, Kapoor S. Chemical Tools for Illumination of Tuberculosis Biology, Virulence Mechanisms, and Diagnosis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15308-15332. [PMID: 33307693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases and begs the scientific community to up the ante for research and exploration of completely novel therapeutic avenues. Chemical biology-inspired design of tunable chemical tools has aided in clinical diagnosis, facilitated discovery of therapeutics, and begun to enable investigation of virulence mechanisms at the host-pathogen interface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This Perspective highlights chemical tools specific to mycobacterial proteins and the cell lipid envelope that have furnished rapid and selective diagnostic strategies and provided unprecedented insights into the function of the mycobacterial proteome and lipidome. We discuss chemical tools that have enabled elucidating otherwise intractable biological processes by leveraging the unique lipid and metabolite repertoire of mycobacterial species. Some of these probes represent exciting starting points with the potential to illuminate poorly understood aspects of mycobacterial pathogenesis, particularly the host membrane-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rishikesh Narayan
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Ponda 403 401, Goa, India
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India.,Wadhwani Research Center for Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India
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Combarros-Fuertes P, Fresno JM, Estevinho MM, Sousa-Pimenta M, Tornadijo ME, Estevinho LM. Honey: Another Alternative in the Fight against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria? Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110774. [PMID: 33158063 PMCID: PMC7694208 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial resistance has become a challenging situation worldwide. The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens stresses the need for developing alternative or complementary antimicrobial strategies, which has led the scientific community to study substances, formulas or active ingredients used before the antibiotic era. Honey has been traditionally used not only as a food, but also with therapeutic purposes, especially for the topical treatment of chronic-infected wounds. The intrinsic characteristics and the complex composition of honey, in which different substances with antimicrobial properties are included, make it an antimicrobial agent with multiple and different target sites in the fight against bacteria. This, together with the difficulty to develop honey-resistance, indicates that it could become an effective alternative in the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, against which honey has already shown to be effective. Despite all of these assets, honey possesses some limitations, and has to fulfill a number of requirements in order to be used for medical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Combarros-Fuertes
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain; (P.C.-F.); (J.M.F.); (M.E.T.)
| | - José M. Fresno
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain; (P.C.-F.); (J.M.F.); (M.E.T.)
| | - Maria Manuela Estevinho
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Mário Sousa-Pimenta
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - M. Eugenia Tornadijo
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain; (P.C.-F.); (J.M.F.); (M.E.T.)
| | - Leticia M. Estevinho
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-252 Bragança, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-273303342
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37
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Garcez AS, Kaplan M, Jensen GJ, Scheidt FR, Oliveira EM, Suzuki SS. Effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102029. [PMID: 32980553 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study used Electron Cryo-tomography (ECT) and fluorescent images to evaluate antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on the envelope architecture of a Gram-negative bacteria and the effects of combined therapy of aPDT and antibiotics. Standard and clinical suspension of Escherichia coli were submitted to photodynamic treatment with methylene blue solution (100μM) and a 100 mW LED emitting at 660 nm with 3 and 18 J of energy. As a control group, a suspension of E. coli was submitted to penicillin V for 60 min at 30 °C, to compare the damage in cell wall structure. After treatment, ECT images were collected and E. coli biofilms were grown in glass-cover slides and stained with live/dead staining for fluorescence analysis before and after treatments. Bacteria were also submitted to disc diffusion and MIC50 tests with Ampicillin, Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid, Clindamycin and Erythromycin. For in vivo experiment Galleria mellonella larvae were infected with E. coli and treated with antibiotics, aPDT or combined therapy. ECT images presented damage to cell walls and vesicles structures inside and outside the bacteria and fluorescent images showed dose dependent effect of aPDT. Antibiotic or aPDT alone did not improve the survival of caterpillars, but the combined therapy significantly increased survival curve. ECT and fluorescent images shows that aPDT seems to promote micro-damages to cell envelope and causes the production of membrane vesicles permeabilizing cell membranes. The results showed that pre-treating bacterial cells with a photosensitizer and light make them more susceptible to antibiotics and could be an alternative to local infection treatment by resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aguinaldo S Garcez
- Department of oral Microbiology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Mohammed Kaplan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - Grant J Jensen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - Fábio R Scheidt
- Department of oral Microbiology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Oliveira
- Department of oral Microbiology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Selly S Suzuki
- Department of oral Microbiology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil
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Characterizing the Mechanism of Action of an Ancient Antimicrobial, Manuka Honey, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using Modern Transcriptomics. mSystems 2020; 5:5/3/e00106-20. [PMID: 32606022 PMCID: PMC7329319 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00106-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Manuka honey has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and unlike traditional antibiotics, resistance to its killing effects has not been reported. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanism of action of manuka honey and its key antibacterial components using a transcriptomic approach in a model organism, Pseudomonas aeruginosa We show that no single component of honey can account for its total antimicrobial action, and that honey affects the expression of genes in the SOS response, oxidative damage, and quorum sensing. Manuka honey uniquely affects genes involved in the explosive cell lysis process and in maintaining the electron transport chain, causing protons to leak across membranes and collapsing the proton motive force, and it induces membrane depolarization and permeabilization in P. aeruginosa These data indicate that the activity of manuka honey comes from multiple mechanisms of action that do not engender bacterial resistance.IMPORTANCE The threat of antimicrobial resistance to human health has prompted interest in complex, natural products with antimicrobial activity. Honey has been an effective topical wound treatment throughout history, predominantly due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Unlike traditional antibiotics, honey-resistant bacteria have not been reported; however, honey remains underutilized in the clinic in part due to a lack of understanding of its mechanism of action. Here, we demonstrate that honey affects multiple processes in bacteria, and this is not explained by its major antibacterial components. Honey also uniquely affects bacterial membranes, and this can be exploited for combination therapy with antibiotics that are otherwise ineffective on their own. We argue that honey should be included as part of the current array of wound treatments due to its effective antibacterial activity that does not promote resistance in bacteria.
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39
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Rhee KY, Chawla R, Lele PP. Protein expression-independent response of intensity-based pH-sensitive fluorophores in Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234849. [PMID: 32555627 PMCID: PMC7302705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins that modulate their emission intensities when protonated serve as excellent probes of the cytosolic pH. Since the total fluorescence output fluctuates significantly due to variations in the fluorophore levels in cells, eliminating the dependence of the signal on protein concentration is crucial. This is typically accomplished with the aid of ratiometric fluorescent proteins such as pHluorin. However, pHluorin is excited by blue light, which can complicate pH measurements by adversely impacting bacterial physiology. Here, we characterized the response of intensity-based, pH-sensitive fluorescent proteins that excite at longer wavelengths where the blue light effect is diminished. The pH-response was interpreted in terms of an analytical model that assumed two emission states for each fluorophore: a low intensity protonated state and a high intensity deprotonated state. The model suggested a scaling to eliminate the dependence of the signal on the expression levels as well as on the illumination and photon-detection settings. Experiments successfully confirmed the scaling predictions. Thus, the internal pH can be readily determined with intensity-based fluorophores with appropriate calibrations irrespective of the fluorophore concentration and the signal acquisition setup. The framework developed in this work improves the robustness of intensity-based fluorophores for internal pH measurements in E. coli, potentially extending their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Y. Rhee
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ravi Chawla
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pushkar P. Lele
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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40
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Maertens L, Coninx I, Claesen J, Leys N, Matroule JY, Van Houdt R. Copper Resistance Mediates Long-Term Survival of Cupriavidus metallidurans in Wet Contact With Metallic Copper. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1208. [PMID: 32582116 PMCID: PMC7284064 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallic copper to combat bacterial proliferation in drinking water systems is being investigated as an attractive alternative to existing strategies. A potential obstacle to this approach is the induction of metal resistance mechanisms in contaminating bacteria, that could severely impact inactivation efficacy. Thus far, the role of these resistance mechanisms has not been studied in conditions relevant to drinking water systems. Therefore, we evaluated the inactivation kinetics of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 in contact with metallic copper in drinking water. Viability and membrane permeability were examined for 9 days through viable counts and flow cytometry. After an initial drop in viable count, a significant recovery was observed starting after 48 h. This behavior could be explained by either a recovery from an injured/viable-but-non-culturable state or regrowth of surviving cells metabolizing lysed cells. Either hypothesis would necessitate an induction of copper resistance mechanisms, since no recovery was seen in a CH34 mutant strain lacking metal resistance mechanisms, while being more pronounced when copper resistance mechanisms were pre-induced. Interestingly, no biofilms were formed on the copper surface, while extensive biofilm formation was observed on the stainless steel control plates. When CH34 cells in water were supplied with CuSO4, a similar initial decrease in viable counts was observed, but cells recovered fully after 7 days. In conclusion, we have shown that long-term bacterial survival in the presence of a copper surface is possible upon the induction of metal resistance mechanisms. This observation may have important consequences in the context of the increasing use of copper as an antimicrobial surface, especially in light of potential co-selection for metal and antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Maertens
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Research Unit in Microorganisms Biology (URBM), Narilis Institute, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Ilse Coninx
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Claesen
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Natalie Leys
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Jean-Yves Matroule
- Research Unit in Microorganisms Biology (URBM), Narilis Institute, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Rob Van Houdt
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
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41
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Zhou C, Jiang M, Du J, Bai H, Shan G, Kwok RTK, Chau JHC, Zhang J, Lam JWY, Huang P, Tang BZ. One stone, three birds: one AIEgen with three colors for fast differentiation of three pathogens. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4730-4740. [PMID: 34122928 PMCID: PMC8159167 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00256a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Visually identifying pathogens favors rapid diagnosis at the point-of-care testing level. Here, we developed a microenvironment-sensitive aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen), namely IQ-Cm, for achieving fast discrimination of Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and fungi by the naked-eye. With a twisted donor-acceptor and multi-rotor structure, IQ-Cm shows twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) and AIE properties with sensitive fluorescence color response to the microenvironment of pathogens. Driven by the intrinsic structural differences of pathogens, IQ-Cm with a cationic isoquinolinium moiety and a membrane-active coumarin unit as the targeting and interacting groups selectively locates in different sites of three pathogens and gives three naked-eye discernible emission colors. Gram-negative bacteria are weak pink, Gram-positive bacteria are orange-red and fungi are bright yellow. Therefore, based on their distinctive fluorescence response, IQ-Cm can directly discriminate the three pathogens at the cell level under a fluorescence microscope. Furthermore, we demonstrated the feasibility of IQ-Cm as a visual probe for fast diagnosis of urinary tract infections, timely monitoring of hospital-acquired infection processes and fast detection of molds in the food field. This simple visualization strategy based on one single AIEgen provides a promising platform for rapid pathogen detection and point-of-care diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Meijuan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Jian Du
- Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Pinghai Road Suzhou 215006 China
| | - Haotian Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Guogang Shan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Joe H C Chau
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Peng Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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42
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Rosen CB, Bayley H, Rodriguez-Larrea D. Free-energy landscapes of membrane co-translocational protein unfolding. Commun Biol 2020; 3:160. [PMID: 32246057 PMCID: PMC7125183 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein post-translational translocation is found at the plasma membrane of prokaryotes and protein import into organellae. Translocon structures are becoming available, however the dynamics of proteins during membrane translocation remain largely obscure. Here we study, at the single-molecule level, the folding landscape of a model protein while forced to translocate a transmembrane pore. We use a DNA tag to drive the protein into the α-hemolysin pore under a quantifiable force produced by an applied electric potential. Using a voltage-quench approach we find that the protein fluctuates between the native state and an intermediate in the translocation process at estimated forces as low as 1.9 pN. The fluctuation kinetics provide the free energy landscape as a function of force. We show that our stable, ≈15 kBT, substrate can be unfolded and translocated with physiological membrane potentials and that selective divalent cation binding may have a profound effect on the translocation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bech Rosen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.,Novozymes A/S, Biologiens Vej 2, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hagan Bayley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - David Rodriguez-Larrea
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (UPV/EHU) Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain.
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43
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Combarros-Fuertes P, M. Estevinho L, Teixeira-Santos R, G. Rodrigues A, Pina-Vaz C, Fresno JM, Tornadijo ME. Antibacterial Action Mechanisms of Honey: Physiological Effects of Avocado, Chestnut, and Polyfloral Honey upon Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051252. [PMID: 32164305 PMCID: PMC7179468 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have explored the antibacterial properties of different types of honey from all around the world. However, the data available describing how honey acts against bacteria are few. The aim of this study was to apply a flow cytometry (FC) protocol to examine and characterize the primary effects of three varieties of honey (avocado, chestnut and polyfloral) upon physiological status of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli cells to reveal their antibacterial action mechanisms. The effects of honey samples on membrane potential, membrane integrity, and metabolic activity were assessed using different fluorochromes, in a 180 min time course assay. Time-kill experiments were also carried out under similar conditions. Exposure of S. aureus and E. coli to the distinct honey samples resulted in physiological changes related to membrane polarization and membrane integrity. Moreover, honey induced a remarkable metabolic disruption as primary physiological effect upon S. aureus. The different honey samples induced quite similar effects on both bacteria. However, the depth of bacteria response throughout the treatment varied depending on the concentration tested and among honey varieties, probably due to compositional differences in the honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Combarros-Fuertes
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain; (J.M.F.); (M.E.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-987-291182
| | - Leticia M. Estevinho
- CIMO, Mountain Research Center, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal;
| | - Rita Teixeira-Santos
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal; (R.T.-S.); (A.G.R.); (C.P.-V.)
| | - Acácio G. Rodrigues
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal; (R.T.-S.); (A.G.R.); (C.P.-V.)
- CINTESIS—Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Burn Unit, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cidália Pina-Vaz
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal; (R.T.-S.); (A.G.R.); (C.P.-V.)
- CINTESIS—Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jose M. Fresno
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain; (J.M.F.); (M.E.T.)
| | - M. Eugenia Tornadijo
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain; (J.M.F.); (M.E.T.)
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Sokolov SS, Galkina KV, Litvinova EA, Knorre DA, Severin FF. The Role of LAM Genes in the Pheromone-Induced Cell Death of S. cerevisiae Yeast. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2020; 85:300-309. [PMID: 32564734 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lam1-4 proteins perform non-vesicular transport of sterols from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum. Disruption of their function leads to an increase in the content of sterols in the plasma membrane. In mammals, homologs of Lam proteins are responsible for the internalization of plasma cholesterol. The biological role of Lam proteins in yeast remains unclear, since the strains lacking individual LAM genes do not display any pronounced phenotype. Deletion of LAM1 (YSP1) gene inhibits the regulated death of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells induced by the mating pheromone. Here, we investigated whether LAM2 also plays a role in the cell death induced by the excess of mating pheromone and assessed genetic interactions between LAM2 and genes responsible for ergosterol biosynthesis. We have shown that LAM2 deletion partially prevents pheromone-induced death of yeast cells of the laboratory strain W303, while deletions of three other LAM genes - LAM1, LAM3, and LAM4 - does not provide any additional rescuing effect. The UPC2-1 mutation in the transcription factor UPC2 gene, which leads to the excessive accumulation of sterols in the cell, promotes cell survival in the presence of the pheromone and shows additivity with the LAM2 deletion. On the contrary, LAM2 deletion stimulates pheromone-induced cell death in the laboratory strain BY4741. We have found that the deletion of ergosterol biosynthesis genes ERG2 and ERG6 reduces the effect of LAM2 deletion. Deletion of LAM2 in the Δerg4 strain lacking the gene of the last step of ergosterol biosynthesis, significantly increased the proportion of dead cells and decreased the growth rate of the yeast suspension culture even in the absence of the pheromone. We suggest that the absence of the effect of LAM2 deletion in the Δerg6 and Δerg2 strains indicates the inability of Lam2p to transport some ergosterol biosynthesis intermediates, such as lanosterol. Taken together, our data suggest that the role of Lam proteins in the regulated death of yeast cells caused by the mating pheromone is due to their effect on the plasma membrane sterol composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Sokolov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - K V Galkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - E A Litvinova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - D A Knorre
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - F F Severin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Boix-Lemonche G, Lekka M, Skerlavaj B. A Rapid Fluorescence-Based Microplate Assay to Investigate the Interaction of Membrane Active Antimicrobial Peptides with Whole Gram-Positive Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9020092. [PMID: 32093104 PMCID: PMC7168298 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Membrane-active antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are interesting candidates for the development of novel antimicrobials. Although their effects were extensively investigated in model membrane systems, interactions of AMPs with living microbial membranes are less known due to their complexity. The aim of the present study was to develop a rapid fluorescence-based microplate assay to analyze the membrane effects of AMPs in whole Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Methods: Bacteria were exposed to bactericidal and sub-inhibitory concentrations of two membrane-active AMPs in the presence of the potential-sensitive dye 3,3′-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide (diSC3(5)) and the DNA staining dye propidium iodide (PI), to simultaneously monitor and possibly distinguish membrane depolarization and membrane permeabilization. Results: The ion channel-forming gramicidin D induced a rapid increase of diSC3(5), but not PI fluorescence, with slower kinetics at descending peptide concentrations, confirming killing due to membrane depolarization. The pore-forming melittin, at sub-MIC and bactericidal concentrations, caused, respectively, an increase of PI fluorescence in one or both dyes simultaneously, suggesting membrane permeabilization as a key event. Conclusions: This assay allowed the distinction between specific membrane effects, and it could be applied in the mode of action studies as well as in the screening of novel membrane-active AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Boix-Lemonche
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe, 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.B.-L.); (B.S.)
| | - Maria Lekka
- Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Barbara Skerlavaj
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe, 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.B.-L.); (B.S.)
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Zhao Y, Lv B, Sun F, Liu J, Wang Y, Gao Y, Qi F, Chang Z, Fu X. Rapid Freezing Enables Aminoglycosides To Eradicate Bacterial Persisters via Enhancing Mechanosensitive Channel MscL-Mediated Antibiotic Uptake. mBio 2020; 11:e03239-19. [PMID: 32047133 PMCID: PMC7018644 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03239-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial persisters exhibit noninherited antibiotic tolerance and are linked to the recalcitrance of bacterial infections. It is very urgent but also challenging to develop antipersister strategies. Here, we report that 10-s freezing with liquid nitrogen dramatically enhances the bactericidal action of aminoglycoside antibiotics by 2 to 6 orders of magnitude against many Gram-negative pathogens, with weaker potentiation effects on Gram-positive bacteria. In particular, antibiotic-tolerant Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa persisters-which were prepared by treating exponential-phase cells with ampicillin, ofloxacin, the protonophore cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), or bacteriostatic antibiotics-can be effectively killed. We demonstrated, as a proof of concept, that freezing potentiated the aminoglycosides' killing of P. aeruginosa persisters in a mouse acute skin wound model. Mechanistically, freezing dramatically increased the bacterial uptake of aminoglycosides regardless of the presence of CCCP, indicating that the effects are independent of the proton motive force (PMF). In line with these results, we found that the effects were linked to freezing-induced cell membrane damage and were attributable, at least partly, to the mechanosensitive ion channel MscL, which was able to directly mediate such freezing-enhanced aminoglycoside uptake. In view of these results, we propose that the freezing-induced aminoglycoside potentiation is achieved by freezing-induced cell membrane destabilization, which, in turn, activates the MscL channel, which is able to effectively take up aminoglycosides in a PMF-independent manner. Our work may pave the way for the development of antipersister strategies that utilize the same mechanism as freezing but do so without causing any injury to animal cells.IMPORTANCE Antibiotics have long been used to successfully kill bacterial pathogens, but antibiotic resistance/tolerance usually has led to the failure of antibiotic therapy, and it has become a severe threat to human health. How to improve the efficacy of existing antibiotics is of importance for combating antibiotic-resistant/tolerant pathogens. Here, we report that 10-s rapid freezing with liquid nitrogen dramatically enhanced the bactericidal action of aminoglycoside antibiotics by 2 to 6 orders of magnitude against many bacterial pathogens in vitro and also in a mouse skin wound model. In particular, such combined treatment was able to effectively kill persister cells of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are per se tolerant of conventional treatment with bactericidal antibiotics for several hours. We also demonstrated that freezing-induced aminoglycoside potentiation was apparently linked to freezing-induced cell membrane damage that may have activated the mechanosensitive ion channel MscL, which, in turn, was able to effectively uptake aminoglycoside antibiotics in a proton motive force-independent manner. Our report sheds light on the development of a new strategy against bacterial pathogens by combining existing antibiotics with a conventional physical treatment or with MscL agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Zhao
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Boyan Lv
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Fengqi Sun
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jiafeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zengyi Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmiao Fu
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
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La Edwards C, Malyshev D, Stratford JP, Asally M. Rapid Detection of Proliferative Bacteria by Electrical Stimulation. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3508. [PMID: 33654734 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting live bacteria is an important task for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) in the medical sector and for quality-monitoring in biological industries. Current methods for live-bacteria detection suffer limitations in speed or sensitivity. In a recent paper, we reported that electrical response dynamics in membrane potential enable single-cell rapid detection of live bacteria. The electrical response can be observed within a minute after electrical stimulation. Thus, it has potential in accelerating AST and the monitoring of biological samples. This method also enables experiments for biophysical and microbiological investigations into bacterial electrophysiology. With the hope that more researchers, scientists and engineers will use electrical stimulation for their assays, here we detail each step of the electrical stimulation experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor La Edwards
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, The United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry Malyshev
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, The United Kingdom
| | - James P Stratford
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, The United Kingdom
| | - Munehiro Asally
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, The United Kingdom
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Reversibility of membrane permeabilization upon pulsed electric field treatment in Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19990. [PMID: 31882651 PMCID: PMC6934533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56299-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment, or electroporation, can be used to load molecules into cells. The permeabilizing effect of the PEF treatment on the cellular membrane can be either reversible or irreversible depending on the severity of the PEF treatment conditions. The influence of PEF on the reversibility of membrane permeabilization in Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 by two different fluorescent staining methods was investigated in this study. Whereas staining with propidium iodide (PI) before and after PEF treatment indicated small reversible permeabilized fractions of maximum 14%, the use of a double staining method with PI and SYTOX Green suggested larger reversible permeabilized fractions up to 40% of the population. This difference shows that the choice for a fluorescent staining method affects the conclusions drawn regarding reversibility of membrane permeabilization. Additionally, the effect of PEF treatment conditions on membrane integrity was compared, indicating a relation between critical electric field strength, cell size and membrane permeabilization. Overall this study showed the possibilities and limitations of fluorescent membrane integrity staining methods for PEF studies.
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Cal-Sabater P, Caro I, Castro MJ, Cao MJ, Mateo J, Quinto EJ. Flow Cytometry to Assess the Counts and Physiological State of Cronobacter sakazakii Cells after Heat Exposure. Foods 2019; 8:foods8120688. [PMID: 31888256 PMCID: PMC6963341 DOI: 10.3390/foods8120688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen that is associated with outbreaks of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, septicaemia, and meningitis. Reconstituted powdered infant formulae is the most common vehicle of infection. The aim of the present study is to gain insight into the physiological states of C. sakazakii cells using flow cytometry to detect the compromised cells, which are viable but non-culturable using plate-based methods, and to evaluate the impact of milk heat treatments on those populations. Dead-cell suspensions as well as heat-treated and non-heat-treated cell suspensions were used. After 60 or 65 °C treatments, the number of compromised cells increased as a result of cells with compromised membranes shifting from the heat-treated suspension. These temperatures were not effective at killing all bacteria but were effective at compromising their membranes. Thus, mild heat treatments are not enough to guarantee the safety of powered infant formulae. Flow cytometry was capable of detecting C. sakazakii’s compromised cells that cannot be detected with classical plate count methods; thus, it could be used as a screening test to decrease the risk derived from the presence of pathogenic viable but non-culturable cells in this food that is intended for newborns’ nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Cal-Sabater
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (I.C.)
- Department of Nursery, Faculty of Nursery, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (M.J.C.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Irma Caro
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (I.C.)
| | - María J. Castro
- Department of Nursery, Faculty of Nursery, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (M.J.C.); (M.J.C.)
| | - María J. Cao
- Department of Nursery, Faculty of Nursery, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (M.J.C.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Javier Mateo
- Department of Hygiene and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of León, 24071 León, Spain;
| | - Emiliano J. Quinto
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (I.C.)
- Correspondence:
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50
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Raheem N, Straus SK. Mechanisms of Action for Antimicrobial Peptides With Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Functions. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2866. [PMID: 31921046 PMCID: PMC6927293 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic crisis has led to a pressing need for alternatives such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Recent work has shown that these molecules have great potential not only as antimicrobials, but also as antibiofilm agents, immune modulators, anti-cancer agents and anti-inflammatories. A better understanding of the mechanism of action (MOA) of AMPs is an important part of the discovery of more potent and less toxic AMPs. Many models and techniques have been utilized to describe the MOA. This review will examine how biological assays and biophysical methods can be utilized in the context of the specific antibacterial and antibiofilm functions of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigare Raheem
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Suzana K Straus
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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