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Szentimrei R, Lőrincz H, Szentpéteri A, E Varga V, Harangi M, Seres I, P Szabó R, Nemes B, Paragh G. Changes in serum pigment epithelium-derived factor levels after kidney transplantation in patients with end-stage renal disease. Ren Fail 2022; 44:1649-1659. [PMID: 36217673 PMCID: PMC9559055 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2106243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a serin protease inhibitor and a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. Its serum level has significant associations with metabolic parameters. However, little is known about the association between PEDF levels and lipid parameters in renal transplanted (TX) patients. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the relationship between PEDF level and lipid parameters in TX patients. Methods Seventy TX patients (47 males, 23 females, mean age 51.7 ± 12.4 years) and 34 healthy controls were enrolled. We examined the serum creatinine, C-reactive protein, fasting glucose and lipid parameters right before, then 1 and 6 months after TX. High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Lipoprotein subfractions were determined by Lipoprint. PEDF and oxidized low-density liporotein (oxLDL) levels were measured by ELISA. Results Before transplantation, patients had had a significantly higher PEDF level compared to control subjects (p < 0.001). One month after transplantation, their PEDF level decreased significantly reaching the healthy controls’ level, and this lower level was maintained during the 6 months follow-up period as well. The initial oxLDL level was significantly higher, while PON1 activities were significantly lower in the patient group compared to the control group. We found a significant positive correlation between PEDF and total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride, oxLDL and small HDL subfraction; while negative correlations were found between PEDF and mean LDL size and large HDL subfraction during the entire follow-up period. Conclusion PEDF may play an important role in the increased oxidative stress and enhanced atherogenesis in renal transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Szentimrei
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Lőrincz
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anita Szentpéteri
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktória E Varga
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mariann Harangi
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Seres
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Réka P Szabó
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Nemes
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Surgery, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Paragh
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Fujikawa T, Ohara M, Kohata Y, Nagaike H, Fukase A, Osaka N, Yashima H, Sato N, Kushima H, Shinmura K, Takahashi Y, Hiromura M, Terasaki M, Mori Y, Fukui T, Matsui T, Hirano T, Yamagishi SI. Glucose Variability is Independently Correlated with Serum Level of Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Ther 2021; 12:827-842. [PMID: 33586119 PMCID: PMC7947132 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-021-01008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) may play a role in cardiometabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate which biochemical and clinical parameters are independently associated with serum PEDF levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 124 patients with T2DM who underwent continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and blood chemistry analysis, including the diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) test and serum PEDF measurement (study 1). Then we investigated whether the changes in the studied biochemical and clinical parameters after 24 weeks of treatment (Δparameters) with anti-hyperglycemic agents, including sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, and/or insulin and anti-hypertensive drugs and statins, were independently correlated with change in PEDF (ΔPEDF) in 52 of the patients with T2DM for whom there was sufficient serum samples to perform the post-treatment analysis (study 2). Serum levels of PEDF were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CGM metrics were calculated on days 2 and 3. Oxidative stress was evaluated using the d-ROMs test. RESULTS Body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, fasting C-peptide, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), and d-ROMs were positively associated with serum PEDF level, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were inversely associated with serum PEDF level. Because these parameters were correlated with each other, multivariate stepwise analysis was performed: eGFR, HDL-C, BMI, MAGE, and UACR remained significant (R2 = 0.452). Furthermore, ΔMAGE and Δd-ROMs were positively correlated with ΔPEDF in study 2. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that MAGE may be independently correlated with elevations in serum PEDF level in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Fujikawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohara
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yo Kohata
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroe Nagaike
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Fukase
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Osaka
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Yashima
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuko Sato
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Kushima
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Shinmura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Takahashi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munenori Hiromura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michishige Terasaki
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusaku Mori
- Anti-Glycation Research Section, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Fukui
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsui
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hirano
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Diabetes Center, Ebina General Hospital, Ebina, Japan
| | - Sho-Ichi Yamagishi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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C1q/TNF-Related Protein-3 (CTRP-3) and Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor (PEDF) Concentrations in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082587. [PMID: 32785102 PMCID: PMC7465884 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder in pregnant women, defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first detected during pregnancy. Explanation of its pathogenesis is extremely important due to the possibility of preventing serious maternal and fetal complications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the concentrations of two molecules: C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP-3) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) which may possibly participate in GDM development. To our knowledge, this is the first study in pregnant women with GDM evaluating CTRP-3 level. Methods: Serum CTRP-3 and PEDF concentration and clinical characteristics were detected in 172 pregnant women. These women were divided into two groups: normal glucose tolerance group (NGT, n = 54) and gestational diabetes mellitus group (GDM, n = 118). This second group was further divided into two subgroups depending on the treatment used: GDM 1—diet only (n = 75) and GDM 2—insulin treatment (n = 43). Results: Our study did not reveal any statistically significant difference between the concentration of PEDF in the control and GDM group. In our study there was a significantly higher concentration of CTRP-3 evaluated in the peripheral blood serum in patients with gestational diabetes (GDM) compared to those in the control group (8.84 vs. 4.79 ng/mL). Significantly higher values of CTRP-3 were observed in both the diet-treated subgroup and the group with insulin therapy when compared to control group (8.40 and 10.96, respectively vs. 4.79 ng/mL). Conclusion: PEDF concentration does not change in GDM, whereas an increased level of CTRP-3 may point to the key role of this adipokine in the development of GDM.
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Tahara N, Nitta Y, Bekki M, Tahara A, Maeda-Ogata S, Sugiyama Y, Honda A, Igata S, Nakamura T, Sun J, Kurata S, Fujimoto K, Abe T, Matsui T, Yamagishi SI, Fukumoto Y. Two-hour postload plasma glucose and pigment epithelium-derived factor levels are markers of coronary artery inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients. J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:1352-1364. [PMID: 31407236 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously found that pioglitazone attenuates inflammation in the left main trunk of coronary artery (LMT), evaluated as target-to-background ratio (TBR) by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVES We assessed which clinical variables could predict the change in TBR in the LMT after 4-month add-on therapy with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs). METHODS A total of 38 type 2 diabetic patients with carotid atherosclerosis who had already received OHAs except for pioglitazone was enrolled. At baseline and 4 months after add-on therapy with pioglitazone or glimepiride, all patients underwent 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, blood chemistry analysis, and FDG-PET/CT. RESULTS Fasting plasma glucose, 30-, 60-, 90-, 120-minutes postload plasma glucose, HbA1c, and LMT-TBR values were significantly decreased by add-on therapy, whereas high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and adiponectin levels were increased. Increased serum levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a marker of insulin resistance and non-use of aspirin at baseline could predict the favorable response of LMT-TBR to add-on therapy. Moreover, Δ120-minutes postload plasma glucose and ΔPEDF were independent correlates of ΔLMT-TBR. CONCLUSIONS Our present study suggests that 120-minutes postload plasma glucose and PEDF values may be markers and potential therapeutic targets of coronary artery inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00722631. New markers for diabetes and CAD is on the horizon! Two-hour postload plasma glucose and pigment epithelium derived factor are markers of coronary artery inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Tahara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Nitta
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Munehisa Bekki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Atsuko Tahara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Shoko Maeda-Ogata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sugiyama
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Akihiro Honda
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Igata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Nakamura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Jiahui Sun
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Seiji Kurata
- Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kiminori Fujimoto
- Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Toshi Abe
- Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsui
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Sho-Ichi Yamagishi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
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Yamagishi SI, Koga Y, Sotokawauchi A, Hashizume N, Fukahori S, Matsui T, Yagi M. Therapeutic Potential of Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor in Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:313-324. [PMID: 30892156 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190319112106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is one of the serine protease inhibitors with multifunctional properties, which is produced by various types of organs and tissues. There is an accumulating body of evidence that PEDF plays an important role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Indeed, PEDF not only works as an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis, but also suppresses oxidative stress, inflammatory and thrombotic reactions in cell culture systems, animal models, and humans. Furthermore, we, along with others, have found that PEDF inhibits proliferation of, and induces apoptotic cell death in, numerous kinds of tumors. In addition, circulating as well as tumor expression levels of PEDF have been inversely associated with tumor growth and metastasis. These observations suggest that supplementation of PEDF proteins and/or enhancement of endogenous PEDF expression could be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. Therefore, in this paper, we review the effects of PEDF on diverse types of cancer, and discuss its therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho-Ichi Yamagishi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Koga
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Ami Sotokawauchi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Naoki Hashizume
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Suguru Fukahori
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsui
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Minoru Yagi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
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Tang DR, Li CL, Xu KP, Wu QQ, Chen QY, Lv JJ, Ji J, Zang B, Chen C, Gu B, Zhao JQ. Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Promotes the Growth and Migration of Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1520. [PMID: 32010619 PMCID: PMC6978803 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an oncogene found in various types of cancers. However, how PEDF affects the development of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is unknown. This study investigates the role of PEDF in ESCC cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle both in vitro and in vivo. The PEDF expression was examined in patient tumor samples and ESCC cell lines. Short hairpin RNA technology was used to inhibit the PEDF expression in ESCC EC9706 and KYSE150 cells. In vitro cell proliferation and migration assays were performed. The effects of PEDF on tumor growth and progression were examined in vivo in murine subcutaneous xenograft tumor models. It was found that PEDF was overexpressed in esophageal cancer cells and patient tumor tissues compared to normal control samples. PEDF enhanced cell cycle progression and inhibited cell apoptosis. Knock down of PEDF inhibited esophageal cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Moreover, Inhibition of PEDF significantly reduced tumor growth and tumor size in vivo. These results indicate that PEDF induce tumorigenesis in ESCC and can be a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Rong Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Ke-Ping Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Qing-Quan Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Qi-You Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jun-Jie Lv
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jian Ji
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Bao Zang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Biao Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
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Huang KT, Lin CC, Tsai MC, Chen KD, Chiu KW. Pigment epithelium-derived factor in lipid metabolic disorders. Biomed J 2019; 41:102-108. [PMID: 29866598 PMCID: PMC6138776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a secreted glycoprotein that has anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative, neurotrophic and immunomodulatory properties. PEDF has recently emerged as a critical metabolic regulatory protein since the discovery of its modulatory activities in the lipolytic pathway by binding to adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Despite being beneficial in maintaining the homeostasis of hepatic lipid accumulation, PEDF has been uncovered an unfavorable role associated with insulin resistance. The molecular events that connect these two apparent distinct observations have been controversial and remained largely unknown. Therefore in this short review, we attempt to summarize the current findings of PEDF regarding its lipid metabolic functions and provide perspectives in identifying PEDF as a potential therapeutic target in lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Tzu Huang
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Che Lin
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chao Tsai
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Den Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - King-Wah Chiu
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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KARASEK D, SPURNA J, KUBICKOVA V, KRYSTYNIK O, CIBICKOVA L, SCHOVANEK J, GOLDMANNOVA D. Association of Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor With von Willebrand Factor and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Physiol Res 2019; 68:409-418. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare circulating pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) levels in type 2 diabetes patients (T2D) with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS+/-) to healthy controls and assess PEDF association with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) as markers of endothelial dysfunction. Fifty T2D individuals and forty healthy controls were included. PEDF, PAI-1, vWF, anthropological parameters, lipids, and markers of insulin resistance were investigated in all subjects. Compared to controls only MetS+ diabetics had higher PEDF levels [14.2 (10.2-16.0) mg/l vs. 11.1 (8.6-14.4) mg/l; p<0.05]. PEDF significantly correlated: positively with body mass index (ρ=0.25), smoking (ρ=0.21), C-reactive protein (ρ=0.22), triglycerides (ρ=0.38), non-HDL-cholesterol (ρ=0.39), apolipoprotein B (ρ=0.38), fasting glucose (ρ=0.22), glycated hemoglobin (ρ=0.24), C-peptide (ρ=0.28), insulin (ρ=0.26); and negatively with HDL-cholesterol (ρ=-0.42) and apolipoprotein A1 (ρ=-0.27). Independent association of PEDF with vWF in T2DMetS- subjects was found. Significantly elevated PEDF in T2DMet+ patients and its association with adverse metabolic profile confirmed PEDF as a marker of insulin resistance. Negative independent association of PEDF with vWF in T2DMetS- patients may reveal its angio-protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. KARASEK
- Third Department of Internal Medicine – Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital and Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - J. SPURNA
- Third Department of Internal Medicine – Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital and Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - V. KUBICKOVA
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - O. KRYSTYNIK
- Third Department of Internal Medicine – Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital and Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - L. CIBICKOVA
- Third Department of Internal Medicine – Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital and Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - J. SCHOVANEK
- Third Department of Internal Medicine – Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital and Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - D. GOLDMANNOVA
- Third Department of Internal Medicine – Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital and Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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9
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Ma S, Wang S, Li M, Zhang Y, Zhu P. The effects of pigment epithelium-derived factor on atherosclerosis: putative mechanisms of the process. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:240. [PMID: 30326915 PMCID: PMC6192115 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is believed to be the major cause of CVD, characterized by atherosclerotic lesion formation and plaque disruption. Although remarkable advances in understanding the mechanisms of atherosclerosis have been made, the application of these theories is still limited in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Therefore, novel and effective strategies to treat high-risk patients with atherosclerosis require further development. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a glycoprotein with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-thrombotic and anti-tumorigenic properties, is of considerable interest in the prevention of atherosclerosis. Accumulating research has suggested that PEDF exerts beneficial effects on atherosclerotic lesions and CVD patients. Our group, along with colleagues, has demonstrated that PEDF may be associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and that the polymorphisms of rs8075977 of PEDF are correlated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Moreover, we have explored the anti-atherosclerosis mechanisms of PEDF, showing that oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) reduced PEDF concentrations through the upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and that D-4F can protect endothelial cells against ox-LDL-induced injury by preventing the downregulation of PEDF. Additionally, PEDF might alleviate endothelial injury by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These data suggest that PEDF may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerosis. In this review, we will summarize the role of PEDF in the development of atherosclerosis, focusing on endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, angiogenesis and cell proliferation. We will also discuss its promising therapeutic implications for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyuan Ma
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Department of Cadre Clinic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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10
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Baxter-Holland M, Dass CR. Pigment epithelium-derived factor: a key mediator in bone homeostasis and potential for bone regenerative therapy. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:1127-1138. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a multifunctional endogenous glycoprotein, has a very wide range of biological actions, notably in bone homeostasis. The question has been raised regarding the place of PEDF in the treatment of bone disorders and osteosarcoma, and its potential for tumour growth suppression.
Methods
The PubMed database was used to compile this review.
Key findings
Pigment epithelium-derived factor's actions in osteoid tissues include promoting mesenchymal stem cell commitment to osteoblasts, increasing matrix mineralisation, and promoting osteoblast proliferation. It shows potential to improve therapeutic outcomes in treatment of multiple cancer types and regrowth of bone after trauma or resection in animal studies. PEDF may possibly have a reduced adverse effect profile compared with current osteo-regenerative treatments; however, there is currently very limited evidence regarding the safety or efficacy in human models.
Summary
Pigment epithelium-derived factor is very active within the body, particularly in osseous tissue, and its physiological actions give it potential for treatment of both bone disorders and multiple tumour types. Further research is needed to ascertain the adverse effects and safety profile of PEDF as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Baxter-Holland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA, Australia
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11
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Sadri H, Saremi B, Dänicke S, Rehage J, Mielenz M, Hosseini A, Sauerwein H. Lactation-related changes in tissue expression of PEDF in dairy cows. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2018; 64:93-101. [PMID: 29758402 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is evolving as metabolic regulatory protein. Albeit mostly considered in only pathological conditions related to excess energy intake resulting in obesity and insulin resistance, PEDF is likely to be involved in other physiological processes such as the homeorhetic adaptation of metabolism to lactation. We aimed to characterize the expression of PEDF and its association to the concomitant mobilization of body reserves during lactation in nonobese subjects. This mobilization is particularly distinct in dairy cows, and we therefore assessed the mRNA expression of PEDF and its putative receptors in different tissues in 2 trials with dairy cows fed with or without conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs). Conjugated linoleic acids depress milk fat synthesis and may thus reduce the drain of energy via milk. In pluriparous cows, the serum PEDF concentrations and the mRNA abundance in subcutaneous adipose tissue (scAT), as well as the hepatic and scAT mRNA abundance of the putative receptors, adipose triglyceride lipase, and laminin receptor 1, changed over time of sampling (day -21 until day 252 relative to calving). Conjugated linoleic acid treatment was associated with reduced PEDF concentrations in serum and lower PEDF mRNA abundance in scAT on day 21 postpartum. Comparing different tissues from primiparous cows, PEDF mRNA was highest in the liver, followed by scAT, visceral adipose tissue (AT), and mammary gland, and lowest in the muscle. Significant changes in PEDF expression with time of sampling were limited to AT in primiparous and pluriparous cows. Our data support a regulatory role for PEDF. The similarities between the time course of the serum concentrations of PEDF and its mRNA abundance in scAT may point to a regulatory role for AT rather than the liver for PEDF in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sadri
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran; Institute of Animal Science, Physiology & Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, Bonn 53111, Germany
| | - B Saremi
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology & Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, Bonn 53111, Germany
| | - S Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| | - J Rehage
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover 30173, Germany
| | - M Mielenz
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, Dummerstorf 18196, Germany
| | - A Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - H Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology & Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, Bonn 53111, Germany.
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12
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Toloza FJK, Pérez-Matos MC, Ricardo-Silgado ML, Morales-Álvarez MC, Mantilla-Rivas JO, Pinzón-Cortés JA, Pérez-Mayorga M, Arévalo-García ML, Tolosa-González G, Mendivil CO. Comparison of plasma pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP-4), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) for the identification of insulin resistance. J Diabetes Complications 2017. [PMID: 28648555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate and compare the association of four potential insulin resistance (IR) biomarkers (pigment-epithelium-derived factor [PEDF], retinol-binding-protein-4 [RBP-4], chitinase-3-like protein 1 [YKL-40] and brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF]) with objective measures of IR. METHODS We studied 81 subjects with different metabolic profiles. All participants underwent a 5-point OGTT with calculation of multiple IR indexes. A subgroup of 21 participants additionally underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. IR was defined as belonging to the highest quartile of incremental area under the insulin curve (iAUCins), or to the lowest quartile of the insulin sensitivity index (ISI). RESULTS PEDF was associated with adiposity variables. PEDF and RBP4 increased linearly across quartiles of iAUCins (for PEDF p-trend=0.029; for RBP-4 p-trend=0.053). YKL-40 and BDNF were not associated with any adiposity or IR variable. PEDF and RBP-4 levels identified individuals with IR by the iAUCins definition: A PEDF cutoff of 11.9ng/mL had 60% sensitivity and 68% specificity, while a RBP-4 cutoff of 71.6ng/mL had 70% sensitivity and 57% specificity. In multiple regression analyses simultaneously including clinical variables and the studied biomarkers, only BMI, PEDF and RBP-4 remained significant predictors of IR. CONCLUSIONS Plasma PEDF and RBP4 identified IR in subjects with no prior diagnosis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J K Toloza
- Universidad de los Andes, School of Medicine, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M C Pérez-Matos
- Universidad de los Andes, School of Medicine, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | - M Pérez-Mayorga
- Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, School of Medicine, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M L Arévalo-García
- Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Section of Endocrinology, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - G Tolosa-González
- Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Section of Endocrinology, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - C O Mendivil
- Universidad de los Andes, School of Medicine, Bogotá, Colombia; Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Section of Endocrinology, Bogotá, Colombia.
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13
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Sylvetsky AC, Issa NT, Chandran A, Brown RJ, Alamri HJ, Aitcheson G, Walter M, Rother KI. Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Declines in Response to an Oral Glucose Load and Is Correlated with Vitamin D and BMI but Not Diabetes Status in Children and Young Adults. Horm Res Paediatr 2017; 87:301-306. [PMID: 28399539 PMCID: PMC5495608 DOI: 10.1159/000466692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is associated with obesity and diabetes complications in adults, yet little is known about PEDF in younger individuals. We investigated the relationship between PEDF and various metabolic biomarkers in young healthy volunteers (HV) and similar-aged patients with diabetes (type 1 and type 2). METHODS A fasting blood sample was collected in 48 HV, 11 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and 11 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) 12-25 years of age. In 9 healthy subjects, PEDF was also serially measured during a frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). RESULTS PEDF was positively correlated with BMI and systolic blood pressure and negatively correlated with vitamin D. Upon multivariable analysis, BMI and vitamin D were independent predictors of PEDF. Prior to adjustment, PEDF was highest in T2D patients (7,168.9 ± 4417.4 ng/mL) and lowest in individuals with T1D (2,967.7 ± 947.1 ng/mL) but did not differ by diagnosis when adjusted for BMI and vitamin D. Among volunteers who underwent an OGTT, PEDF declined by ∼20% in response to an oral glucose load. CONCLUSION PEDF was acutely regulated by a glucose load and was correlated with BMI but not with diabetes. The negative correlation with vitamin D, independent of BMI, raises the question whether PEDF plays a compensatory role in bone matrix mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C. Sylvetsky
- Section on Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, NIDDK, NIH,Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University,Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University
| | - Najy T. Issa
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University
| | - Avinash Chandran
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University
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14
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Carnagarin R, Carlessi R, Newsholme P, Dharmarajan AM, Dass CR. Pigment epithelium-derived factor stimulates skeletal muscle glycolytic activity through NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species production. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 78:229-236. [PMID: 27343430 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor is a multifunctional serpin implicated in insulin resistance in metabolic disorders. Recent evidence suggests that exposure of peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle to PEDF has profound metabolic consequences with predisposition towards chronic conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Chronic inflammation shifts muscle metabolism towards increased glycolysis and decreased oxidative metabolism. In the present study, we demonstrate a novel effect of PEDF on cellular metabolism in mouse cell line (C2C12) and human primary skeletal muscle cells. PEDF addition to skeletal muscle cells induced enhanced phospholipase A2 activity. This was accompanied with increased production of reactive oxygen species in a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-dependent manner that triggered a shift towards a more glycolytic phenotype. Extracellular flux analysis and glucose consumption assays demonstrated that PEDF treatment resulted in enhanced glycolysis but did not change mitochondrial respiration. Our results demonstrate that skeletal muscle cells express a PEDF-inducible oxidant generating system that enhances glycolysis but is sensitive to antioxidants and NADPH oxidase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Carnagarin
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley 6102, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia; Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Carlessi
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley 6102, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Philip Newsholme
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley 6102, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Arun M Dharmarajan
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley 6102, Australia; Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley 6102, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia.
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15
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Hudson LK, Dancho ME, Li J, Bruchfeld JB, Ragab AA, He MM, Bragg M, Lenaghan D, Quinn MD, Fritz JR, Tanzi MV, Silverman HA, Hanes WM, Levine YA, Pavlov VA, Olofsson PS, Roth J, Al-Abed Y, Andersson U, Tracey KJ, Chavan SS. Emetine Di-HCl Attenuates Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Mice. Mol Med 2016; 22:585-596. [PMID: 27341452 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by beta cell destruction, insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. Activated macrophages and autoimmune T cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hyperglycemia in NOD murine diabetes models, but the molecular mechanisms of macrophage activation are unknown. We recently identified pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) as an adipocyte-derived factor that activates macrophages and mediates insulin resistance. Reasoning that PEDF might participate as a proinflammatory mediator in murine diabetes, we measured PEDF levels in NOD mice. PEDF levels are significantly elevated in pancreas, in correlation with pancreatic TNF levels in NOD mice. To identify experimental therapeutics, we screened 2,327 compounds in two chemical libraries (the NIH Clinical Collection and Pharmakon-1600a) for leads that inhibit PEDF mediated TNF release in macrophage cultures. The lead molecule selected, "emetine" is a widely used emetic. It inhibited PEDF-mediated macrophage activation with an EC50 or 146 nM. Administration of emetine to NOD mice and to C57Bl6 mice subjected to streptozotocin significantly attenuated hyperglycemia, reduced TNF levels in pancreas, and attenuated insulitis. Together, these results suggest that targeting PEDF with emetine may attenuate TNF release and hyperglycemia in murine diabetes models. This suggests that further investigation of PEDF and emetine in the pathogenesis of human diabetes is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- LaQueta K Hudson
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America.,Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York, United States of America
| | - Meghan E Dancho
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Jianhua Li
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Johanna B Bruchfeld
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Ahmed A Ragab
- Center for Molecular Innovation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Mingzhu M He
- Center for Molecular Innovation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Meaghan Bragg
- Center for Comparative Physiology, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Delaney Lenaghan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael D Quinn
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Jason R Fritz
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Matthew V Tanzi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Harold A Silverman
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - William M Hanes
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Yaakov A Levine
- Department of Advanced Research, SetPoint Medical Corporation, Valencia, California, United States of America
| | - Valentin A Pavlov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Peder S Olofsson
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Jesse Roth
- Laboratory for Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Center for Molecular Innovation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Ulf Andersson
- Deptartment of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America.,Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York, United States of America
| | - Sangeeta S Chavan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
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16
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Chen Y, Carlessi R, Walz N, Cruzat VF, Keane K, John AN, Jiang FX, Carnagarin R, Dass CR, Newsholme P. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) regulates metabolism and insulin secretion from a clonal rat pancreatic beta cell line BRIN-BD11 and mouse islets. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 426:50-60. [PMID: 26868448 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a multifunctional glycoprotein, associated with lipid catabolism and insulin resistance. In the present study, PEDF increased chronic and acute insulin secretion in a clonal rat β-cell line BRIN-BD11, without alteration of glucose consumption. PEDF also stimulated insulin secretion from primary mouse islets. Seahorse flux analysis demonstrated that PEDF did not change mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic function. The cytosolic presence of the putative PEDF receptor - adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) - was identified, and ATGL associated stimulation of glycerol release was robustly enhanced by PEDF, while intracellular ATP levels increased. Addition of palmitate or ex vivo stimulation with inflammatory mediators induced β-cell dysfunction, effects not altered by the addition of PEDF. In conclusion, PEDF increased insulin secretion in BRIN-BD11 and islet cells, but had no impact on glucose metabolism. Thus elevated lipolysis and enhanced fatty acid availability may impact insulin secretion following PEDF receptor (ATGL) stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younan Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC; Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Rodrigo Carlessi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nikita Walz
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vinicius Fernandes Cruzat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin Keane
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Abraham N John
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Fang-Xu Jiang
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Revathy Carnagarin
- School of Pharmacy, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- School of Pharmacy, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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17
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Robberecht H, Hermans N. Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome: Biochemical Background and Clinical Significance. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2016; 14:47-93. [PMID: 26808223 DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome are divided into four subgroups. Although dividing them in groups has some limitations, it can be used to draw some conclusions. In a first part, the dyslipidemias and markers of oxidative stress are discussed, while inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic biomarkers are reviewed in a second part. For most of them, the biochemical background and clinical significance are discussed, although here also a well-cut separation cannot always be made. Altered levels cannot always be claimed as the cause, risk, or consequence of the syndrome. Several factors are interrelated to each other and act in a concerted, antagonistic, synergistic, or modulating way. Most important conclusions are summarized at the end of every reviewed subgroup. Genetic biomarkers or influences of various food components on concentration levels are not included in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Robberecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NatuRA (Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis), University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nina Hermans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NatuRA (Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis), University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
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18
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Belkacemi L, Zhang SX. Anti-tumor effects of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF): implication for cancer therapy. A mini-review. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:4. [PMID: 26746675 PMCID: PMC4706649 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a secreted glycoprotein and a non-inhibitory member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) family. It is widely expressed in human fetal and adult tissues but its expression decreases with age and in malignant tissues. The main anti-cancer activities of PEDF derive from its dual effects, either indirectly on the tumor microenvironment (indirect antitumor action) or directly on the tumor itself (direct antitumor influence). The indirect antitumor activities of PEDF were uncovered from the early findings that it stimulates retinoblastoma cell differentiation and that additionally it possesses anti-angiogenic, anti-tumorigenic and anti-metastatic properties. The mechanisms of its direct antitumor effect, however, have not been fully elucidated. This review highlights recent progress in our understanding of the multifunctional activities of PEDF and, in particular, its anti-cancer signaling mechanisms. Additionally, we discuss the possibility of using novel phosphaplatin compounds that can upregulate PEDF expression as a chemotherapy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louiza Belkacemi
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Shaun Xiaoliu Zhang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA. .,Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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19
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Tryggestad JB, Wang JJ, Zhang SX, Thompson DM, Short KR. Elevated plasma pigment epithelium-derived factor in children with type 2 diabetes mellitus is attributable to obesity. Pediatr Diabetes 2015; 16:600-5. [PMID: 25293868 PMCID: PMC8327465 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a member of the serpin family secreted by adipocytes. Plasma PEDF is increased in obese children and adults. Adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have higher circulating PEDF but there are no reports in children with T2DM. OBJECTIVE To compare PEDF concentration in children with T2DM to normal weight and obese children without T2DM and determine associations with anthropometric or serum factors. METHODS Participants were 34 obese children with T2DM diagnosed by American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria, 61 normal weight [body mass index (BMI) 25-75 percentile] and 63 obese (BMI ≥ 95 percentile) children of age 8-18 yr. Plasma PEDF was measured in fasting plasma samples. Anthropometric, serum, and body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, DXA) data were obtained for each subject to identify potential predictor variables. RESULTS PEDF was 55% higher (p = 0.001) in the T2DM group compared with normal weight children, but did not differ from obese children. In the T2DM group, fat mass and lean mass both individually predicted PEDF (r² = 0.22 and 0.17, p = 0.02 and p < 0.01, respectively). PEDF was positively correlated with homeostatic model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) when all groups were combined (r² = 0.15, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Plasma PEDF was similar in the T2DM and obese groups, therefore, obesity, rather than diabetes, may account for the higher PEDF in children with T2DM compared with normal weight children. PEDF was positively associated with both lean mass and fat mass both of which may contribute to the circulating level of the protein, and potentially to PEDF's association with insulin resistance in obese children with and without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanie B Tryggestad
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Diabetes/Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Joshua J Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sarah X Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - David M Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kevin R Short
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Diabetes/Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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20
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PEDF and its roles in physiological and pathological conditions: implication in diabetic and hypoxia-induced angiogenic diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 128:805-23. [PMID: 25881671 PMCID: PMC4557399 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a broadly expressed multifunctional member of the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) family. This widely studied protein plays critical roles in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, including neuroprotection, angiogenesis, fibrogenesis and inflammation. The present review summarizes the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of PEDF in a variety of developing and adult organs, and discusses its functions in maintaining physiological homoeostasis. The major focus of the present review is to discuss the implication of PEDF in diabetic and hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, and the pathways mediating PEDF's effects under these conditions. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanisms of PEDF expression, function and degradation are also reviewed. Finally, the therapeutic potential of PEDF as an anti-angiogenic drug is briefly summarized.
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Carnagarin R, Dharmarajan AM, Dass CR. PEDF-induced alteration of metabolism leading to insulin resistance. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 401:98-104. [PMID: 25462587 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an anti-angiogenic, immunomodulatory, and neurotrophic serine protease inhibitor protein. PEDF is evolving as a novel metabolic regulatory protein that plays a causal role in insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is the central pathogenesis of metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovarian disease, and metabolic syndrome, and PEDF is associated with them. The current evidence suggests that PEDF administration to animals induces insulin resistance, whereas neutralisation improves insulin sensitivity. Inflammation, lipolytic free fatty acid mobilisation, and mitochondrial dysfunction are the proposed mechanism of PEDF-mediated insulin resistance. This review summarises the probable mechanisms adopted by PEDF to induce insulin resistance, and identifies PEDF as a potential therapeutic target in ameliorating insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Carnagarin
- Curtin Biosciences Research Precinct, Bentley 6102, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Arunasalam M Dharmarajan
- Curtin Biosciences Research Precinct, Bentley 6102, Australia; School of Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- Curtin Biosciences Research Precinct, Bentley 6102, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia.
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D-4F, an apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide, protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells from oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced injury by preventing the downregulation of pigment epithelium-derived factor expression. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 63:553-61. [PMID: 24709637 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the protective effects of D-4F, an apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide, on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced injury of vascular endothelial cells and the potential role of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). METHODS Cytotoxicity was assessed by the apoptotic rate, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y-l)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay, and lactate dehydrogenase release. PEDF levels were analyzed with Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Redox status was measured by the levels of the reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and nitric oxide. RESULTS Ox-LDL reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis and LDH release from human umbilical vein endothelial cells, but the cytotoxic effects of ox-LDL were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with D-4F. Additionally, D-4F could scavenge intracellular reactive oxygen species, suppress the production of lipid peroxides, and improve endogenous antioxidant activity. Ox-LDL decreased PEDF expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and this decrease was markedly attenuated by D-4F. However, silencing PEDF by short interfering RNA blocked the inhibitory effects of D-4F on ox-LDL-induced oxidative stress and cellular injury. CONCLUSIONS D-4F effectively protects vascular endothelial cells against ox-LDL-induced injury by preventing the downregulation of PEDF expression.
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Hui E, Yeung CY, Lee PCH, Woo YC, Fong CHY, Chow WS, Xu A, Lam KSL. Elevated circulating pigment epithelium-derived factor predicts the progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E2169-77. [PMID: 25166721 PMCID: PMC4223434 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a circulating glycoprotein with antiangiogenic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties, protects against diabetic nephropathy (DN) in animal models. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether circulating PEDF predicted the progression of DN in a 4-year prospective study. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Baseline plasma PEDF levels were measured in type 2 diabetic subjects recruited from the Hong Kong West Diabetes Registry. The role of PEDF in predicting chronic kidney disease (CKD) and albuminuria progression was analyzed using Cox regression analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE We evaluated CKD progression, defined as deterioration in CKD staging and a 25% or greater drop in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) according to International Society of Nephrology statements. RESULTS At baseline, plasma PEDF levels increased progressively with CKD staging (P for trend <.001; n = 1136). Among 1071 subjects with baseline CKD stage ≤ 3, plasma PEDF levels were significantly higher in those with CKD progression (n = 171) during follow-up than those without (P < .001). Baseline PEDF was independently associated with CKD progression (hazard ratio = 2.76; 95% confidence interval = 1.39-5.47; P = .004), adjusted for age, sex, waist circumference, diabetes duration, hemoglobin A1c, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive drugs, C-reactive protein, and eGFR. Elevated baseline PEDF was also associated with the development of microalbuminuria/albuminuria in a subgroup with normoalbuminuria and eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (n = 462) at baseline (hazard ratio = 2.75; 95% confidence interval = 1.01-7.49; P < .05), even after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS Elevated PEDF levels may represent a compensatory change in type 2 diabetic patients with renal disease and appear to be a useful marker for evaluating the progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Hui
- Department of Medicine (E.H., C.-Y.Y., P.C.H.L., Y.-C.W., C.H.Y.F., W.-S.C., A.X., K.S.L.L., Queen Mary Hospital; Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormones, and Healthy Aging (E.H., A.X., K.S.L.L.); and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (A.X., K.S.L.L.), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Lakeland TV, Borg ML, Matzaris M, Abdelkader A, Evans RG, Watt MJ. Augmented expression and secretion of adipose-derived pigment epithelium-derived factor does not alter local angiogenesis or contribute to the development of systemic metabolic derangements. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E1367-77. [PMID: 24760990 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00046.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Impaired coupling of adipose tissue expansion and vascularization is proposed to lead to adipocyte hypoxia and inflammation, which in turn contributes to systemic metabolic derangements. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a powerful antiangiogenic factor that is secreted by adipocytes, elevated in obesity, and implicated in the development of insulin resistance. We explored the angiogenic and metabolic role of adipose-derived PEDF through in vivo studies of mice with overexpression of PEDF in adipocytes (PEDF-aP2). PEDF expression in white adipocytes and PEDF secretion from adipose tissue was increased in transgenic mice, but circulating levels of PEDF were not increased. Overexpression of PEDF did not alter vascularization, the partial pressure of O2, cellular hypoxia, or gene expression of inflammatory markers in adipose tissue. Energy expenditure and metabolic substrate utilization, body mass, and adiposity were not altered in PEDF-aP2 mice. Whole body glycemic control was normal as assessed by glucose and insulin tolerance tests, and adipocyte-specific glucose uptake was unaffected by PEDF overexpression. Adipocyte lipolysis was increased in PEDF-aP2 mice and associated with increased adipose triglyceride lipase and decreased perilipin 1 expression. Experiments conducted in mice rendered obese by high-fat feeding showed no differences between PEDF-aP2 and wild-type mice for body mass, adiposity, whole body energy expenditure, glucose tolerance, or adipose tissue oxygenation. Together, these data indicate that adipocyte-generated PEDF enhances lipolysis but question the role of PEDF as a major antiangiogenic or proinflammatory mediator in adipose tissue in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V Lakeland
- Biology of Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa L Borg
- Biology of Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Matzaris
- Biology of Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amany Abdelkader
- Biology of Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger G Evans
- Biology of Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Biology of Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Jenkins AJ, Fu D, Azar M, Stoner JA, Kaufman DG, Zhang S, Klein RL, Lopes-Virella MF, Ma JX, Lyons TJ. Clinical correlates of serum pigment epithelium-derived factor in type 2 diabetes patients. J Diabetes Complications 2014; 28:353-9. [PMID: 24560422 PMCID: PMC4009500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine if serum pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) levels in Type 2 diabetes are related to vascular risk factors and renal function. METHODS PEDF was quantified by ELISA in a cross-sectional study of 857 male Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT) subjects, and associations with cardiovascular risk factors and renal function were determined. In a subset (n=246) in whom serum was obtained early in the VADT (2.0±0.3 years post-randomization), PEDF was related to longitudinal changes in renal function over 3.1 years. RESULTS Cross-sectional study: In multivariate regression models, PEDF was positively associated with serum triglycerides, waist-to-hip ratio, serum creatinine, use of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, and use of lipid-lowering agents; it was negatively associated with HDL-C (all p<0.05). Longitudinal study: PEDF was not associated with changes in renal function over 3.1 years (p>0.09). CONCLUSIONS Serum PEDF in Type 2 diabetic men was cross-sectionally associated with dyslipidemia, body habitus, use of common drugs for blood pressure and dyslipidemia, and indices of renal function; however, PEDF was not associated with renal decline over 3.1years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Jenkins
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, N. Ireland; University of Sydney, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dongxu Fu
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, N. Ireland
| | - Madona Azar
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Julie A Stoner
- College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Derrick G Kaufman
- Hines VA Cooperative Studies Program (CSP) Coordinating Center, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Zhang
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Ross Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Richard L Klein
- Division of Endocrinology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Maria F Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Timothy J Lyons
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, N. Ireland; Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Matsui T, Nishino Y, Ojima A, Maeda S, Tahara N, Yamagishi SI. Pigment epithelium-derived factor improves metabolic derangements and ameliorates dysregulation of adipocytokines in obese type 2 diabetic rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1094-1103. [PMID: 24530621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation in the adipose tissues contribute to the metabolic syndrome. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) inhibits vascular inflammation through its anti-oxidative properties. However, it remains unclear whether PEDF could suppress adipocyte inflammation. We investigated the effects of long-term administration or suppression of PEDF on adipocyte inflammation and metabolic derangements in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, an animal model of type 2 diabetes with insulin resistance. Circulating and adipose tissue PEDF levels were increased as OLETF rats became more obese and insulin resistant. Long-term administration of PEDF improves metabolic parameters, ameliorates dysregulation of adipocytokines, and suppresses NADPH oxidase-induced oxidative stress and macrophage infiltration in the adipose tissues of OLETF rats, whereas these variables are exacerbated by the knockdown of PEDF by administering siRNAs. Our study suggests that PEDF could improve metabolic derangements by suppressing the inflammatory and oxidative reactions in adipose tissues of OLETF rats. PEDF levels may be elevated as a countersystem against obesity-related metabolic derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Matsui
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yuri Nishino
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Ayako Ojima
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Sayaka Maeda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tahara
- Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Sho-Ichi Yamagishi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
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Duggan C, Xiao L, Wang CY, McTiernan A. Effect of a 12-month exercise intervention on serum biomarkers of angiogenesis in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:648-57. [PMID: 24501378 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased physical activity is associated with decreased risk of several types of cancer, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Angiogenesis, in which new blood vessels are formed, is common to adipose tissue formation/remodeling and tumor vascularization. METHODS We examined effects of a 12-month 45 minutes/day, 5 days/week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise intervention on four serum markers of angiogenesis in 173 sedentary, overweight, postmenopausal women, 50 to 75 years, randomized to intervention versus stretching control. Circulating levels of positive regulators of angiogenesis [VEGF, osteopontin (OPN), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)], and the negative regulator pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), were measured by immunoassay at baseline and 12 months. Changes were compared using generalized estimating equations, adjusting for baseline levels of analytes and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS VEGF, OPN, or PAI-1 levels did not differ by intervention arm. Participants randomized to exercise significantly reduced PEDF (-3.7%) versus controls (+3.0%; P = 0.009). Reductions in fat mass were significantly associated with reductions in PAI-1 (Ptrend = 0.03; Ptrend = 0.02) and PEDF (Ptrend = 0.002; Ptrend = 0.01) compared with controls, or to those who gained any fat mass respectively. There was a significant association between decreases in VO2max, and increased reductions in PEDF (Ptrend = 0.03), compared with participants who increased their level of fitness. CONCLUSIONS Fat loss reduces circulating PAI-1 and PEDF. Changes in VO2max are associated with alterations in PEDF, but these associations are complex. IMPACT Unexpected reductions in PEDF with decreasing fat mass, and with decreasing VO2max, warrant further study, including examining the effects of different types and intensities of exercise; and role of dietary weight-loss with and without exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Duggan
- Authors' Affiliation: Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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Terawaki H, Yamagishi SI, Funakoshi Y, Matsuyama Y, Terada T, Nakayama K, Ogura M, Hosoya T, Ito S, Era S, Nakayama M. Pigment epithelium-derived factor as a new predictor of mortality among chronic kidney disease patients treated with hemodialysis. Ther Apher Dial 2013; 17:625-30. [PMID: 24330558 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) plays a protective role against atherosclerosis. Although serum PEDF level is increased in patients undergoing regular hemodialysis (HD), the pathophysiological role of PEDF in HD patients is unknown. We measured serum PEDF levels in 74 HD patients, and the association between serum PEDF and adverse events such as all-cause death and cardiovascular accident was evaluated prospectively. During the follow up of 45.4 ± 25.1 months, 24 patients (32.4%) experienced cardiovascular accident and 18 (24.3%) died. Significantly higher incidences of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular accident were observed in the lower PEDF group than in the higher PEDF group. After adjusting for propensity score calculated from multiple confounding factors (age, gender, systolic blood pressure, history of previous cardiovascular disease, level of carbonyl content, albumin, hemoglobin, total cholesterol, creatinine, C-reactive protein, dialysis vintage, Kt/V-urea and history of diabetes), lower predialytic PEDF was a significant risk factor for all-cause mortality (relative hazard = 6.060, standard error = 0.68467, P = 0.0085). Lower levels of predialytic PEDF was associated with an increased risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Terawaki
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Zhou Y, Xu F, Deng H, Bi Y, Sun W, Zhao Y, Chen Z, Weng J. PEDF expression is inhibited by insulin treatment in adipose tissue via suppressing 11β-HSD1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84016. [PMID: 24367624 PMCID: PMC3867502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Early intensive insulin therapy improves insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients; while the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), an anti-angiogenic factor, is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Here, we hypothesize that PEDF might be down regulated by insulin and then lead to the improved insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients during insulin therapy. We addressed this issue by investigating insulin regulation of PEDF expression in diabetic conditions. The results showed that serum PEDF was reduced by 15% in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients after insulin therapy. In adipose tissue of diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats, PEDF expression was associated with TNF-α elevation and it could be decreased both in serum and in adipose tissue by insulin treatment. In adipocytes, PEDF was induced by TNF-α through activation of NF-κB. The response was inhibited by knockdown and enhanced by over expression of NF-κB p65. However, PEDF expression was indirectly, not directly, induced by NF-κB which promoted 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) expression in adipocytes. 11β-HSD1 is likely to stimulate PEDF expression through production of active form of glucocorticoids as dexamethasone induced PEDF expression in adipose tissue. Insulin inhibited PEDF by down-regulating 11β-HSD1 expression. The results suggest that PEDF activity is induced by inflammation and decreased by insulin through targeting 11β-HSD1/glucocorticoid pathway in adipose tissue of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinli Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Diabetology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Diabetology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongrong Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Diabetology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Diabetology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiping Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Diabetology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Diabetology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zonglan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Diabetology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Diabetology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Cheng Q, Xia W, Yang S, Ye P, Mei M, Song Y, Luo M, Li Q. Association of serum pigment epithelium-derived factor with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:632-5. [PMID: 24105071 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The basic studies showed that Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) plays an important role in inflammation. AIM This study aims to investigate the association of serum PEDF with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS Ninety-six PCOS women and 63 healthy, age-matched controls were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of PEDF, hs-CRP, Complement C3 (C3), glucose, insulin, lipids, and total testosterone were measured. Ninety-six PCOS women and 20 controls underwent hyperinsulinemiceuglycemic clamp to assess their insulin sensitivity, which was expressed as M value. RESULTS Serum PEDF levels and hs- CRP levels were much higher in PCOS women than in controls. In PCOS women, PEDF positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), hs-CRP, C3, LDL cholesterol (LDL-c), and systolic blood pressure (SBP), and negatively correlated with M value and HDL cholesterol (HDL-c). After controlling for BMI, PEDF was still positively correlated with hs-CRP. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that in PCOS women, hs-CRP, SBP, LDL-c and M value were independent determinants of serum PEDF. CONCLUSION The serum PEDF levels are closely associated with hs-CRP in women with PCOS. PEDF may play a role in the development of chronic inflammation in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Lecke SB, Morsch D, Spritzer PM. Circulating levels and subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor in polycystic ovary syndrome and normal women: a case control study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2013; 11:77. [PMID: 23941060 PMCID: PMC3751470 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been recognized as a metabolic disorder, manifested by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a member of the serine protease inhibitor family, is a pleiotropic protein known for its antiangiogenic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties and has been shown to induce insulin resistance and play a role in glucose metabolism. Recent studies investigating circulating PEDF levels show elevated serum PEDF in association with insulin resistance in normal-weight women with PCOS, but not in obese PCOS patients. The aims of this study were 1) to assess PEDF gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (scAT) from women with PCOS and nonhirsute, ovulatory controls, and 2) to determine the circulating levels of PEDF in these groups. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from adipose tissue biopsy samples and reverse-transcribed to cDNA. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to determine relative gene expression levels. RESULTS The 22 women with PCOS and 14 non-PCOS controls included in the study had similar age, BMI, and fasting glucose, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol levels. Participants with PCOS exhibited higher 2 h oral glucose tolerance test levels (p = 0.006), total (p = 0.026) and LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.036), Ferriman-Gallwey score (p = 0.003) and total testosterone (p = 0.001) as compared to controls. BMI-adjusted PEDF serum levels and scAT gene expression were similar in the PCOS and control groups (p = 0.622 and p = 0.509, respectively). Circulating PEDF levels were not associated with scAT PEDF gene expression. Multiple regression analysis revealed that, in women with PCOS, insulin contributed positively and significantly to serum PEDF (p = 0.027), independently of testosterone. CONCLUSION Serum PEDF levels and scAT gene expression were associated with metabolic risk factors, but did not differ between women with PCOS and age- and BMI-matched controls. Circulating levels and scAT gene expression of PEDF were not associated in the study subjects, suggesting additional sources for PEDF in addition to or instead of fat tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila B Lecke
- Division of Endocrinology, Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Debora Morsch
- Division of Endocrinology, Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Poli M Spritzer
- Division of Endocrinology, Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Rega-Kaun G, Kaun C, Wojta J. More than a simple storage organ: adipose tissue as a source of adipokines involved in cardiovascular disease. Thromb Haemost 2013; 110:641-50. [PMID: 23846791 DOI: 10.1160/th13-03-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity in many countries have developed into a serious health problem by themselves and by their impact on other pathologies such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and cancer. The modulation of these diseases by adipose tissue-derived biomolecules, so-called adipokines, could be the key to differentiate between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity. This review will discuss the pathophysiological role of selected adipokines, primarily focusing on cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, we will highlight possible therapeutic approaches, which target these biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gersina Rega-Kaun
- Johann Wojta, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, Tel.: +43 1 40400 73500, Fax: +43 1 40400 73586, E-mail:
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Craword SE, Fitchev P, Veliceasa D, Volpert OV. The many facets of PEDF in drug discovery and disease: a diamond in the rough or split personality disorder? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:769-92. [PMID: 23642051 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.794781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) was discovered as a neurotrophic factor secreted by retinal pigment epithelial cells. A decade later, it re-emerged as a powerful angiogenesis inhibitor guarding ocular function. Since then, significant advances were made identifying PEDF's mechanisms, targets and biomedical applications. AREAS COVERED The authors review several methodologies that have generated significant new information about the potential of PEDF as a drug. Furthermore, the authors review and discuss mechanistic and structure-function analyses combined with the functional mapping of active fragments, which have yielded several short bioactive PEDF peptides. Additionally, the authors present functional studies in knockout animals and human correlates that have provided important information about conditions amenable to PEDF-based therapies. EXPERT OPINION Through its four known receptors, PEDF causes a wide range of cellular events vitally important for the organism, which include survival and differentiation, migration and invasion, lipid metabolism and stem cell maintenance. These processes are deregulated in multiple pathological conditions, including cancer, metabolic and cardiovascular disease. PEDF has been successfully used in countless preclinical models of these conditions and human correlates suggest a wide utility of PEDF-based drugs. The most significant clinical application of PEDF, to date, is its potential therapeutic use for age-related macular degeneration. Moreover, PEDF-based gene therapy has advanced to early stage clinical trials. PEDF active fragments have been mapped and used to design short peptide mimetics conferring distinct functions of PEDF, which may address specific clinical problems and become prototype drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Craword
- St. Louis University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Gattu AK, Birkenfeld AL, Jornayvaz F, Dziura J, Li F, Crawford SE, Chu X, Still CD, Gerhard GS, Chung C, Samuel V. Insulin resistance is associated with elevated serum pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) levels in morbidly obese patients. Acta Diabetol 2012; 49 Suppl 1:S161-9. [PMID: 22547263 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-012-0397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for developing diabetes. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) has been identified by experimental and clinical studies as both a causative and counter-regulatory factor in the metabolic syndrome. We set out to determine whether serum PEDF levels correlated with the degree of insulin resistance in morbidly obese patients. Sera from 53 patients who were evaluated prior to gastric bypass surgery were analyzed for PEDF levels using a commercial ELISA. None of the patients were on diabetes medications prior to enrollment. Baseline data included BMI, serum glucose and insulin, and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) scores. Patients were stratified based on HOMA score and glucose levels into three groups: insulin sensitive (IS): HOMA <2 and glucose <126; insulin resistant (IR): HOMA >2 and glucose ≤126; and diabetes mellitus (DM): HOMA >2 and glucose >126. Pre- and post-gastric bypass sera from 12 patients were obtained for serial assessment of metabolic parameters and PEDF levels. PEDF secretion was assessed in primary human hepatocytes, HCC cells, and cultured adipocytes in the absence and presence of high glucose media. No significant differences in age, gender, and BMI were found among the three groups. PEDF levels were similar between IR patients and the other groups, but were significantly higher in DM compared to IS patients (p = 0.01). Serum PEDF in individual patients declined significantly after gastric bypass (p = 0.006). High glucose media led to significantly higher PEDF release by human hepatocytes in vitro (p = 0.016). These data demonstrate that serum PEDF concentrations better relate to insulin resistance than to adiposity and suggest that PEDF expression is closely linked to the development of insulin resistance.
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Joham AE, Teede HJ, Hutchison SK, Stepto NK, Harrison CL, Strauss BJ, Paul E, Watt MJ. Pigment epithelium-derived factor, insulin sensitivity, and adiposity in polycystic ovary syndrome: impact of exercise training. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:2390-6. [PMID: 22641183 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2012.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is upregulated in obese rodents and is involved in the development of insulin resistance (IR). We aim to explore the relationships between PEDF, adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular risk factors in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and weight-matched controls and to examine the impact of endurance exercise training on PEDF. This prospective cohort intervention study was based at a tertiary medical center. Twenty obese PCOS women and 14 non-PCOS weight-matched women were studied at baseline. PEDF, cardiometabolic markers, detailed body composition, and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps were performed and measures were repeated in 10 PCOS and 8 non-PCOS women following 12 weeks of intensified aerobic exercise. Mean glucose infusion rate (GIR) was 31.7% lower (P = 0.02) in PCOS compared to controls (175.6 ± 96.3 and 257.2 ± 64.3 mg.m(-2).min(-1)) at baseline, yet both PEDF and BMI were similar between groups. PEDF negatively correlated to GIR (r = -0.41, P = 0.03) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (r = -0.46, P = 0.01), and positively to cardiovascular risk factors, systolic (r = 0.41, P = 0.02) and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.47, P = 0.01) and triglycerides (r = 0.49, P = 0.004). The correlation with GIR was not significant after adjusting for fat mass (P = 0.07). Exercise training maintained BMI and increased GIR in both groups; however, plasma PEDF was unchanged. In summary, PEDF is not elevated in PCOS, is not associated with IR when adjusted for fat mass, and is not reduced by endurance exercise training despite improved insulin sensitivity. PEDF was associated with cardiovascular risk factors, suggesting PEDF may be a marker of cardiovascular risk status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju E Joham
- Women's Public Health Research, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Chavan SS, Hudson LK, Li JH, Ochani M, Harris Y, Patel NB, Katz D, Scheinerman JA, Pavlov VA, Tracey KJ. Identification of pigment epithelium-derived factor as an adipocyte-derived inflammatory factor. Mol Med 2012; 18:1161-8. [PMID: 22714715 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. The pathophysiology of obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Adipose tissue in obesity is significantly infiltrated by macrophages that secrete cytokines. The mechanisms of interaction between macrophages and adipocytes, leading to macrophage activation and increased cytokine release, remain to be elucidated. We reasoned that an adipocyte-derived factor might stimulate activation of macrophages. We have identified pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) as a mediator of inflammation that is secreted by adipocytes and mediates macrophage activation. Recombinant PEDF activates macrophages to release tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1). The PEDF receptor adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is required for PEDF-mediated macrophage activation. Selective inhibition of ATGL on macrophages attenuates PEDF-induced TNF production, and PEDF enhances the phosphorylation of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinases. PEDF administration to rats results in increased serum TNF levels, and insulin resistance. Together, these findings suggest that PEDF secreted by adipocytes contributes to the onset and maintenance of chronic inflammation in obesity, and may be a therapeutic target in ameliorating insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta S Chavan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030, United States of America.
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Efficacy of continuously administered PEDF-derived synthetic peptides against osteosarcoma growth and metastasis. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:230298. [PMID: 22701300 PMCID: PMC3369529 DOI: 10.1155/2012/230298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The potent antiangiogenic pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) has shown promise against osteosarcoma, a tumour that originates in the bone and metastasises to the lungs. Neurotrophic, antiangiogenic, antiproliferative, and antimetastatic properties of PEDF have been attributed to a number of functional epitopes on the PEDF glycoprotein. StVOrth-2 (residues 78–102) and StVOrth-3 (residues 90–114) are two PEDF-derived peptides based on these functional epitopes. StVOrth-2 has previously been shown to inhibit osteosarcoma cell proliferation, while StVOrth-3 increased osteosarcoma cell adhesion to collagen I in vitro. In this paper, we have evaluated systemically and continuously delivered StVOrth-2 and StVOrth-3 using a clinically relevant murine model of osteosarcoma with spontaneous metastasis. Treatment with StVOrth-2 or StVOrth-3 with microosmotic pumps was initiated after primary osteosarcoma was established in the tibia. While treatment with StVOrth-2 and StVOrth-3 did not appear to affect local tumour invasion, tumour necrosis or apoptosis, StVOrth-2 predominantly restricted the growth of primary tumours, while StVOrth-3 restricted the burden of pulmonary metastatic disease. No peptide caused gross toxicity in mouse tissues as assessed by measuring weight of animals, serum biochemistry, and gross tissue observation. The differential effects exhibited by StVOrth-2 and StVOrth-3 in this orthotopic model of osteosarcoma may be related to the functional epitopes on the PEDF glycoprotein that they represent.
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Yamagishi SI, Maeda S, Ueda S, Ishibashi Y, Matsui T. Serum pigment epithelium-derived factor levels are independently associated with decreased number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in healthy non-smokers. Int J Cardiol 2012; 158:310-2. [PMID: 22608273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.04.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Chen C, Tso AWK, Cheung BMY, Law LSC, Ong KL, Wat NMS, Janus ED, Xu A, Lam KSL. Plasma concentration of pigment epithelium-derived factor is closely associated with blood pressure and predicts incident hypertension in Chinese: a 10-year prospective study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2012; 76:506-13. [PMID: 21777264 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is secreted from the adipose tissue. It circulates at high concentrations, and was reported to play a causal role in obesity-induced insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunctions in mice. Previous cross-sectional studies also demonstrated plasma PEDF concentration correlated positively with systolic blood pressure (BP) and pulse pressure, and inversely with small artery elasticity. Here we investigated the relationship of plasma PEDF concentration with BP and incident hypertension in a 10-year prospective study. METHODS Baseline plasma PEDF concentrations were measured by ELISA in 520 Chinese subjects, aged 51 ± 12 years, followed up long-term from the population-based Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study. The association between plasma PEDF concentration and BP was investigated in both cross-sectional and prospective studies, using multiple linear regression and path analyses. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to determine whether baseline PEDF concentration was independently related to the subsequent development of hypertension over 10 years. RESULTS Baseline plasma concentrations of PEDF were higher in men (P < 0·001), and were directly related to systolic BP at 2 and 5 years, and to diastolic BP at 2 years, after adjustment for covariates. Of the 386 normotensive subjects at baseline, high baseline PEDF concentration was predictive of incident hypertension, independent of the effects of age, sex, baseline BP and obesity parameters (hazard ratio: 1·135; 95% CI: 1·039-1·241; P = 0·005). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that plasma PEDF concentration is significantly associated with BP, and incident hypertension. PEDF may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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The role of pigment epithelium-derived factor as an adipokine in psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res 2011; 304:81-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-011-1193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Duran-Gonzalez J, Ortiz I, Gonzales E, Ruiz N, Ortiz M, Gonzalez A, Sanchez EK, Curet E, Fisher-Hoch S, Rentfro A, Qu H, Nair S. Association study of candidate gene polymorphisms and obesity in a young Mexican-American population from South Texas. Arch Med Res 2011; 42:523-31. [PMID: 22056417 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity is increasingly a health problem and a risk factor for diabetes in young Mexican-American populations. Genetic association studies in older, mostly non-Hispanic populations have reported that polymorphisms in the candidate genes HSD11B1, CRP, ADIPOQ, PPARG, ANKK1, ABCC8 and SERPINF1 are associated with obesity or diabetes. We analyzed the polymorphisms rs846910, rs1205, rs1501299, rs1801282, rs1800497, rs757110 and rs1136287 in these candidate genes, for association with obesity and metabolic traits in a young Mexican-American population from south Texas. METHODS Genotyping of the seven common SNPs were performed by allelic discrimination assays in 448 unrelated Mexican Americans (median age = 16 years) from south Texas. χ(2) tests and regression analyses using additive models were used for genetic association analyses adjusting for covariates; p values were corrected for multiple testing by permutation analyses. RESULTS rs1800497 (ANKK1) shows association with waist circumference (p = 0.009) and retains the association (p = 0.03) after permutation testing. Analysis of metabolic quantitative traits shows that rs846910 (HSD11B1) was associated with HOMA-IR (p = 0.04) and triglycerides (p = 0.03), and rs1205 (CRP) with HOMA-IR (p = 0.03) and fasting glucose levels (p = 0.007). However, the quantitative traits associations are not maintained after permutation analysis. None of the other SNPs in this study showed associations with obesity or metabolic traits in this young Mexican-American population. CONCLUSIONS We report a potential association between rs1800497 (linked to changes in brain dopamine receptor levels) and central obesity in a young Mexican-American population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Duran-Gonzalez
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Biomedical Studies, University of Texas School of Public Health, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
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Broadhead ML, Dass CR, Choong PFM. Systemically administered PEDF against primary and secondary tumours in a clinically relevant osteosarcoma model. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:1503-11. [PMID: 21979423 PMCID: PMC3242526 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an endogenous glycoprotein with a potential role as a therapeutic for osteosarcoma. Animal studies have demonstrated the biological effects of PEDF on osteosarcoma; however, these results are difficult to extrapolate for human use due to the chosen study design and drug delivery methods. Methods: In this study we have attempted to replicate the human presentation and treatment of osteosarcoma using a murine orthotopic model of osteosarcoma. The effects of PEDF on osteosarcoma cell lines were evaluated in vitro prior to animal experimentation. Orthotopic tumours were induced by intra-tibial injection of SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cells. Treatment with PEDF was delayed until after the macroscopic appearance of primary tumours. Pigment epithelium-derived factor was administered systemically via an implanted intraperitoneal micro-osmotic pump. Results: In vitro, PEDF inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis and inhibited cell cycling of osteosarcoma cells. Pigment epithelium-derived factor promoted adhesion to Collagen I and inhibited invasion through Collagen I. In vivo, treatment with PEDF caused a reduction in both primary tumour volume and burden of pulmonary metastases. Systemic administration of PEDF did not cause toxic effects on normal tissues. Conclusion: Systemically delivered PEDF is effective in suppressing the size of primary and secondary tumours in an orthotopic murine model of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Broadhead
- Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Level 3, Daly Wing, 35 Victoria Pde, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
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Oberbach A, von Bergen M, Blüher S, Lehmann S, Till H. Combined serum proteomic and metabonomic profiling after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in children and adolescents. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2011; 22:184-8. [PMID: 21958229 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2011.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The consequences of bariatric surgery on important metabolic and signaling pathways are still poorly understood. The aim of our study was to unravel the network of metabolic changes and obesity-related protein biomarkers in morbidly obese children and adolescents undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). METHODS In a prospective study, 6 children with morbid obesity who had failed a well-established conservative weight loss therapy underwent LSG. Pre- and 6 months postoperatively, a metabonomic profiling of 163 metabolites by mass spectrometry and protein profiling by ELISA (clusterin [CLU], pigment epithelium-derived factor [PEDF], retinol binding protein 4 [RBP4], paraoxonase 1 [PON1]) was performed to identify biomarkers of important pathways. RESULTS At referral for surgery, the mean age was 14.5 years (range 8-17), mean body mass index (BMI in kg/m(2)) was 48.13 (range 41.1-56.3). All patients showed various metabolic comorbidities. LSG was uneventful in all of them. At 6 months postsurgery, the mean BMI has dropped to 37.1 (range 28.4-40.6). Targeted serum metabonomics resulted in 7 metabolites, which were significantly affected by LSG. Among those, the amino acid phenylalanine was increased, and methionine decreased. The glycero-phospatidylcholine PCaaC38:5 were upregulated, and PCaaC40:2 and PCaaC42:1 were down regulated after 6 months compared with baseline. Further, sphingomyoline (SM) C26:0 and SM C26:1 were decreased after 6 months. The obesity-related biomarkers CLU, PEDF, and RBP4 were decreased, whereas PON1 levels were increased. CONCLUSION LSG leads to changes in amino acids and in lipid metabolism indicated by glycerol-phosphatidylcholines and SM. The pattern of protein biomarkers and metabolites might provide measures for the induced physiological changes and for therapy monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Oberbach
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Tschoner A, Sturm W, Ress C, Engl J, Kaser S, Laimer M, Laimer E, Klaus A, Tilg H, Patsch JR, Ebenbichler CF. Effect of weight loss on serum pigment epithelium-derived factor levels. Eur J Clin Invest 2011; 41:937-42. [PMID: 21314826 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cumulating evidence suggests that the broadly acting neurotrophic pigment epithelium-derived factor is associated with visceral adiposity, the metabolic syndrome, diabetes and exerts beneficial effects on atherosclerosis. To further elucidate the relationship between pigment epithelium-derived factor and metabolic perturbations characteristic of obesity, we examined the effect of pronounced weight loss on serum levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six severely obese adults were examined before and 18 months after bariatric surgery. Abdominal fat distribution was determined by ultrasound, metabolic parameters by standard methods, pro-inflammatory biomarkers and serum pigment epithelium-derived factor levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Bariatric surgery resulted in a mean body mass index (BMI) reduction of 9·0 ± 5·0 kg m(-2) and concomitant improvements in glucose homoeostasis and lipid profile. Pigment epithelium-derived factor serum levels decreased from a median 11·0 μg mL(-1) (interquartile range: 3·8) to 9·2 μg mL(-1) (interquartile range: 4·5) (P < 0·0001). In univariate analysis, relative change in pigment epithelium-derived factor levels was significantly associated with change in weight, BMI, fat mass, visceral fat diameter, insulin, homoeostasis model for insulin resistance, triglyceride and leptin levels (all r > 0·370, P < 0·05). No associations were observed for C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 or tumour necrosis factor alpha. After adjustment for age, sex and smoking status, associations remained significant. CONCLUSIONS The beneficial effects of bariatric surgery-induced pronounced weight loss on glucose homoeostasis may partially be attributable to visceral adipose tissue reduction and concomitantly decreasing pigment epithelium-derived factor concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tschoner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Oberbach A, Blüher M, Wirth H, Till H, Kovacs P, Kullnick Y, Schlichting N, Tomm JM, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Murugaiyan J, Binder H, Dietrich A, von Bergen M. Combined proteomic and metabolomic profiling of serum reveals association of the complement system with obesity and identifies novel markers of body fat mass changes. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4769-88. [PMID: 21823675 DOI: 10.1021/pr2005555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with multiple adverse health effects and a high risk of developing metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, there is a great need to identify circulating parameters that link changes in body fat mass with obesity. This study combines proteomic and metabolomic approaches to identify circulating molecules that discriminate healthy lean from healthy obese individuals in an exploratory study design. To correct for variations in physical activity, study participants performed a one hour exercise bout to exhaustion. Subsequently, circulating factors differing between lean and obese individuals, independent of physical activity, were identified. The DIGE approach yielded 126 differentially abundant spots representing 39 unique proteins. Differential abundance of proteins was confirmed by ELISA for antithrombin-III, clusterin, complement C3 and complement C3b, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), serum amyloid P (SAP), and vitamin-D binding protein (VDBP). Targeted serum metabolomics of 163 metabolites identified 12 metabolites significantly related to obesity. Among those, glycine (GLY), glutamine (GLN), and glycero-phosphatidylcholine 42:0 (PCaa 42:0) serum concentrations were higher, whereas PCaa 32:0, PCaa 32:1, and PCaa 40:5 were decreased in obese compared to lean individuals. The integrated bioinformatic evaluation of proteome and metabolome data yielded an improved group separation score of 2.65 in contrast to 2.02 and 2.16 for the single-type use of proteomic or metabolomics data, respectively. The identified circulating parameters were further investigated in an extended set of 30 volunteers and in the context of two intervention studies. Those included 14 obese patients who had undergone sleeve gastrectomy and 12 patients on a hypocaloric diet. For determining the long-term adaptation process the samples were taken six months after the treatment. In multivariate regression analyses, SAP, CLU, RBP4, PEDF, GLN, and C18:2 showed the strongest correlation to changes in body fat mass. The combined serum proteomic and metabolomic profiling reveals a link between the complement system and obesity and identifies both novel (C3b, CLU, VDBP, and all metabolites) and confirms previously discovered markers (PEDF, RBP4, C3, ATIII, and SAP) of body fat mass changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Oberbach
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
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Tahara N, Yamagishi SI, Tahara A, Nitta Y, Kodama N, Mizoguchi M, Mohar D, Ishibashi M, Hayabuchi N, Imaizumi T. Serum level of pigment epithelium-derived factor is a marker of atherosclerosis in humans. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:311-5. [PMID: 21733518 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) could play a protective role against atherosclerosis. However, there is no clinical study to examine the relationship between serum level of PEDF and atherosclerosis in humans. METHODS/RESULTS The study involved 317 consecutive outpatients in Kurume University Hospital (220 male and 97 female) with a mean age of 62.1±9.1. We examined whether serum level of PEDF were independently associated with vascular inflammation evaluated by [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and intima-media thickness (IMT) in carotid artery in humans. Carotid [(18)F]-FDG uptake, an index of vascular inflammation within the atherosclerotic plaques, was measured as standardized uptake value (SUV). Mean serum PEDF level, carotid SUV and IMT values were 13.5±1.1 μg/mL, 1.34±0.19, and 0.71±0.15 mm, respectively. In multiple stepwise regression analysis, estimated glomerular filtration rate (p<0.001), males (p<0.001), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (p<0.05), heart rate (p<0.05), triglycerides (p<0.05), carotid IMT (p<0.05), waist circumference (p<0.05) and carotid SUV (p<0.05) were independently correlated to PEDF level (R(2)=0.332). CONCLUSION The present study reveals that serum level of PEDF is independently associated with vascular inflammation and IMT, thus suggesting that PEDF level is a novel biomarker that could reflect atherosclerosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Tahara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
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Administration of pigment epithelium-derived factor inhibits left ventricular remodeling and improves cardiac function in rats with acute myocardial infarction. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:591-8. [PMID: 21281791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We have found that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) inhibits vascular inflammation through its anti-oxidative properties. However, effects of PEDF on cardiac remodeling after AMI remain unknown. We investigated whether PEDF could inhibit left ventricular remodeling and improve cardiac function in rats with AMI. AMI was induced in 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats by ligation of the left ascending coronary artery. Rats were treated intravenously with vehicle or 10 μg PEDF/100 g b.wt. every day for up to 2 weeks after AMI. Each rat was followed until 16 weeks of age. PEDF levels in infarcted areas and serum were significantly decreased at 1 week after AMI and remained low during the observational periods. PEDF administration inhibited apoptotic cell death and oxidative stress generation around the infarcted areas at 2 and 8 weeks after AMI. Further, PEDF injection suppressed cardiac fibrosis by reducing transforming growth factor-β and type III collagen expression, improved left ventricular ejection fraction, ameliorated diastolic dysfunction, and inhibited the increase in left ventricular mass index at 8 weeks after AMI. The present study demonstrated that PEDF could inhibit tissue remodeling and improve cardiac function in AMI rats. Substitution of PEDF may be a novel therapeutic strategy for cardiac remodeling after AMI.
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Sabater M, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Ortega FJ, Pardo G, Salvador J, Ricart W, Frühbeck G, Fernández-Real JM. Circulating pigment epithelium-derived factor levels are associated with insulin resistance and decrease after weight loss. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:4720-8. [PMID: 20631025 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to study circulating pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in vivo in association with insulin resistance and in vitro in human adipocytes. METHODS Circulating PEDF (ELISA) and metabolic profile were assessed in 125 Caucasian men. PEDF levels were also assessed in an independent cohort of subjects (n = 33) to study the effects of changing insulin action. PEDF gene expression and secretion were measured during differentiation of human preadipocytes. RESULTS In all subjects, PEDF was positively associated with body mass index (r = 0.326; P < 0.0001), waist-to-hip ratio (r = 0.380; P < 0.0001), HbA(1c), and fasting triglycerides and negatively with insulin sensitivity (r = -0.320; P < 0.0001). PEDF levels were significantly increased in subjects with altered glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Of the inflammatory markers measured, PEDF levels were positively associated with serum soluble TNF-α receptor 1 and IL-10 in obese subjects. Interestingly, weight loss led to significantly decreased PEDF concentration from 34.8 ± 19.3 to 22.5 ± 14.2 μg/ml (P < 0.0001). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that insulin sensitivity contributed independently to explain 14% of the variance in PEDF levels after controlling for the effects of body mass index, age, and log fasting triglycerides. Differences in PEDF observed after weight loss were related to changes in obesity, insulin resistance, and blood pressure measures. PEDF gene expression and secretion increased during differentiation of human preadipocytes. CONCLUSION Circulating PEDF is associated with insulin sensitivity. The findings show, for the first time in humans, that PEDF concentrations decrease significantly after weight loss in association with blood pressure. PEDF seems to be involved in human adipocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Sabater
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Girona, Spain
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Rychli K, Niessner A, Hohensinner PJ, Mahdy Ali K, Kaun C, Neuhold S, Zorn G, Richter B, Hülsmann M, Berger R, Mörtl D, Huber K, Maurer G, Pacher R, Wojta J. Prognostic value of pigment epithelium-derived factor in patients with advanced heart failure. Chest 2010; 138:656-64. [PMID: 20435653 DOI: 10.1378/chest.09-2739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whereas angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels, may be beneficial in restoring failing myocardium, apoptosis may contribute to the progression of heart failure (HF). We investigated the role of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a recently discovered antiangiogenic factor with additional proapoptotic effects, in patients with advanced HF. METHODS We assayed PEDF levels in 351 patients with advanced HF at baseline. During the median follow-up time of 16 months, 50% of patients experienced the composite end point of rehospitalization and/or death. RESULTS The risk of a clinical event increased with concentrations of the antiangiogenic marker PEDF, with a 1.94-fold higher risk in the third tertile compared with the first tertile (95% CI, 1.33-2.84). This association remained significant after adjustment for B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and other risk factors in a Cox regression model (P = .015). Experimental data revealed that PEDF may contribute to the progression of HF by inducing apoptosis in human cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts via activation of caspase 3. CONCLUSIONS We suggest a role of PEDF in the progression of HF by inducing apoptosis of human cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. Our clinical data suggest that PEDF concentrations may have the potential to become a valuable marker of the prognosis of HF, in addition to BNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Rychli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Rychli K, Huber K, Wojta J. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2009; 13:1295-302. [PMID: 19694500 DOI: 10.1517/14728220903241641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review we discuss the role of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) as a possible new target molecule to therapeutically influence cardiovascular disease. PEDF is a multifunctional, pleiotropic protein with antiangiogenic, antitumorigenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties. First identified in retinal pigment epithelium cells, it is expressed in various tissues throughout the body such as the eye, liver and adipose tissue. Recently PEDF has also been characterized in the heart. PEDF has been suggested to have a protective role in atherosclerosis, the main cause of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and heart failure due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antithrombotic effects in the vessel wall and platelets. Additionally PEDF has strong antiangiogenic effects by inducing apoptosis in endothelial cells and by regulating the expression of other angiogenic factors. Therefore blocking of PEDF locally for example in ischemic tissue in the heart might favour angiogenesis, induce neovascularization and lead to increased perfusion of the injured tissue. On the other hand, local overexpression of PEDF restricted to atherosclerotic lesions might block angiogenesis, inflammation and thrombosis at these sites and thus counteract destabilization and rupture of the lesion otherwise caused by inflammatory activation and excessive angiogenesis and inhibit subsequent thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Rychli
- Medical University of Vienna, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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