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Greville-Harris M, Vuillier L, Goodall S, Talbot CV, Walker C, Appleton KM. Striving for the perfect diet? The mediating role of perfectionism in the relationship between obsessive compulsive symptoms and traits of Orthorexia Nervosa. J Eat Disord 2024; 12:91. [PMID: 38951924 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-024-01032-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is a disordered eating style involving an unhealthy obsession with 'healthy' or 'clean' eating. Its aetiology is still poorly understood and is not yet recognised in diagnostic manuals. While ON has been associated with Obsessive Compulsive (OC) symptoms and perfectionism, no study to date has looked at the relationship between OC symptoms and ON tendencies via perfectionism, or the influence of two facets of perfectionism in this relationship, namely evaluative concern and achievement striving. Examining the potential role of perfectionism helps to understand the aetiology of ON as well as inform potential treatments tailored specifically for ON and comorbid OC symptoms. METHODS In this cross sectional study, we tested 507 participants (n = 70 males, n = 69 at risk of ON) on questionnaires measuring OC symptoms, perfectionism and ON symptoms. We ran two mediation analyses to look at the overall relationship between perfectionism and OC and ON symptoms (Model 1) as well as the specific contribution of evaluative concern and achievement striving in the relationship between OC and ON symptoms (Model 2). RESULTS We found that perfectionism partially mediated the relationship between OC and ON symptoms. Specifically, we found that while achievement striving and evaluative concern were associated with OC symptoms, only achievement striving was significantly associated with ON symptoms, mediating the relationship between OC and ON symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the role of one key facet of perfectionism (achievement striving) in the aetiology of ON. The role of achievement striving was indicated as a transdiagnostic construct explaining the link between ON and OC symptoms. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for treatment models, specifically in terms of the potential role of targeting perfectionism in ON treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddy Greville-Harris
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology Poole House, Talbot Campus, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK.
| | - Laura Vuillier
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology Poole House, Talbot Campus, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Summer Goodall
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology Poole House, Talbot Campus, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Catherine V Talbot
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology Poole House, Talbot Campus, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Cliona Walker
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology Poole House, Talbot Campus, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Katherine M Appleton
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology Poole House, Talbot Campus, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK
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Sandri E, Piredda M, De Maria M, Mancin S, Sguanci M, Cabo A, Cerdá Olmedo G. Development and psychometric testing of the nutritional and social health habits scale (NutSo-HH): A methodological review of existing tools. MethodsX 2024; 12:102768. [PMID: 38883583 PMCID: PMC11177200 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Habits represent repeated patterns of behavior over time that exert a significant influence on individual health. While specific tools exist to measure individual habits, the number of instruments capable of simultaneously exploring multiple dimensions of health is limited. This research had two main objectives: 1) to examine the literature to find existing tools for evaluating health habits, especially in the Spanish population; 2) through a methodological review, to develop and validate a tool capable of measuring multiple dimensions of health habits. The Nutritional and Social Health Habits Scale (NutSo-HH) was conceived, tested, and refined through pilot testing with cognitive interviews and expert content validation. Construct validity was explored through confirmatory factor analysis and known-group validity, while criterion validity was verified in comparison with the ``Healthy Nutrition Index for the Spanish Population.'' Reliability was assessed using omega coefficients. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded satisfactory fit indices. The final model included two second-order factors (nutritional habits and health habits) and two first-order factors (Mediterranean diet and alcohol consumption). Omega coefficients ranged from 0.521 to 0.815. The NutSo-HH Scale emerges as a valid and reliable tool to assess nutritional and social habits among Spanish young adults. This novel instrument fills a gap in the field, allowing exploration of various health determinants through a single scale and providing support for decision-making in the realm of public health nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sandri
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo, 2, Valencia 46001, Spain
- Doctoral School, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo, 2, Valencia 46001, Spain
| | - Michela Piredda
- Research Unit Nursing Science, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena De Maria
- Department of Life Health Sciences and Health Professions, Link Campus University, Via del Casale di San Pio V, 44, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Mancin
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano - Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Sguanci
- Research Unit Nursing Science, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Asensi Cabo
- Clinical Psychologist, Onda Town Council, Career Civil Servant, c/El Pla 1, Onda-Castellón, 12200, Spain
| | - Germán Cerdá Olmedo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo, 2, Valencia 46001, Spain
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Slotnick MJ, Ansari S, Parnarouskis L, Gearhardt AN, Wolfson JA, Leung CW. Persistent and Changing Food Insecurity Among Students at a Midwestern University is Associated With Behavioral and Mental Health Outcomes. Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:483-491. [PMID: 38130004 DOI: 10.1177/08901171231224102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess associations between persistent and changing food insecurity and behavioral and mental health outcomes in college students. DESIGN Online surveys conducted November 2018 and March 2019 (freshman year), and March 2020 (sophomore year) were used to assess food insecurity, which was then used to create 4 food security transitions: persistent food insecurity, emergent food insecurity, emergent food security, and persistent food security. SETTING Large Midwestern university. SAMPLE 593 students completing all 3 surveys. MEASURES Dietary intake and behavioral and mental health outcomes (eating disorders, anxiety, depression, sleep quality) were assessed using validated instruments. ANALYSIS Associations between food security transitions and dietary intake, behavioral, and mental health outcomes were examined using generalized linear models. RESULTS Compared to persistent food security, emergent and persistent food insecurity was associated with lower (7% and 13% respectively) intake of fruits and vegetables combined; persistent food insecurity was associated with 17% lower intake of fruits, 6% lower intake of fiber and 10% higher intake of added sugar from beverages. Compared to persistent food secure students, eating disorder symptom risk was higher for emergent food insecure (OR = 7.61, 95% CI: 3.32, 17.48), and persistent food insecure (OR = 6.60, 95% CI: 2.60, 16.72) students; emergent (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.71) and persistent (OR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.34, 4.87) food insecure students had higher odds of poor sleep quality, and persistent food insecure, emergent food insecure, and emergent food secure students had higher odds of anxiety and depression (OR range 2.35-2.85). CONCLUSION Food security transitions were associated with aspects of low diet quality and poorer behavioral and mental health outcomes among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Slotnick
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Saba Ansari
- Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Julia A Wolfson
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cindy W Leung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Andrade ALP, Temple JL, Balantekin KN. The relationship among disordered eating behavior, power of food scale and sensitization of the reinforcing value of food. Eat Behav 2024; 53:101878. [PMID: 38696869 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disordered eating behaviors are a current public health concern since their progression can lead to the development of a full criteria eating disorder. Sensitization to repeated intake of high energy density (HED) foods is associated with excess weight gain over time, but less is known about relationships with assessments of disordered eating. Thus, this study aims to understand how disordered eating behaviors refunlate to the influence of the food environment and sensitization. METHOD 163 adolescents - 50 % female and 13.2 mean age - were followed for 24 months. Sensitization was assessed by comparing the relative reinforcing value (RRV) of HED food at baseline and after two weeks of daily intake; sensitization was defined as RRV of food after repeated intake. Study participants also completed the EDE-Q, and Power of Food Scale (PFS). We conducted multivariate general linear models to examine these associations. RESULTS Sensitization status and PFS scores at baseline were positively associated with EDE-Q subscale scores cross-sectionally, but not longitudinally, at baseline and 24 months. We found that sensitization to HED food and higher susceptibility to food cues relates to increased disordered eating behaviors and both at baseline and at 24-months. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that sensitization to repeated HED food intake and the food environment might be a risk factor for later engagement in disordered eating behaviors. Future studies should address the temporal relationships among these factors and the role that social norms around body weight and weight stigma may play in the development of these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Letícia Pereira Andrade
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States of America.
| | - Jennifer L Temple
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States of America; Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States of America.
| | - Katherine N Balantekin
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States of America.
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Ekundayo TC, Ijabadeniyi OA. Global and regional prevalence of Cronobacter sakazakii in powdered milk and flour. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6865. [PMID: 38514864 PMCID: PMC10957878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii (Cz) infections linked with powdered milk/flour (PMF) are on the increase in recent times. The current study aimed at assessing worldwide and regional prevalence of Cz in PMF. Cz-PMF-directed data were conscientiously mined in four mega-databases via topic-field driven PRISMA protocol without any restriction. Bivariate analysis of datasets was conducted and then fitted to random-intercept logistic mixed-effects regressions with leave-one-study-out-cross-validation (LOSOCV). Small-study effects were assayed via Egger's regression tests. Contributing factors to Cz contamination/detection in PMF were determined using 1000-permutation-bootstrapped meta-regressions. A total of 3761 records were found out of which 68 studies were included. Sample-size showed considerable correlation with Cz positivity (r = 0.75, p = 2.5e-17), Milkprod2020 (r = 0.33, p = 1.820e-03), and SuDI (r = - 0.30, p = 4.11e-03). The global prevalence of Cz in PMF was 8.39% (95%CI 6.06-11.51, PI: 0.46-64.35) with LOSOCV value of 7.66% (6.39-9.15; PI: 3.10-17.70). Cz prevalence in PMF varies significantly (p < 0.05) with detection methods, DNA extraction method, across continents, WHO regions, and world bank regions. Nation, detection method, world bank region, WHO region, and sample size explained 53.88%, 19.62%, 19.03%, 15.63%, and 9.22% of the true differences in the Cz prevalence in PMF, respectively. In conclusion, the results indicated that national will power in the monitoring and surveillance of Cz in PMF matched with adequate sample size and appropriate detection methods will go a long way in preventing Cz contamination and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope C Ekundayo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Steve Biko Campus, Steve Biko Rd, Musgrave, Berea, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Oluwatosin A Ijabadeniyi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Steve Biko Campus, Steve Biko Rd, Musgrave, Berea, Durban, South Africa
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Rezende F, Oliveira BMPM, Poínhos R. Assessment of Intuitive Eating and Mindful Eating among Higher Education Students: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:572. [PMID: 38470683 PMCID: PMC10931607 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of mindful eating (ME) and intuitive eating (IE) in improving eating behavior, diet quality, and health is an area of increasing interest. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to identify the instruments used to assess ME and IE among higher education students and outcomes related to these dimensions. METHODS This review was carried out according to the PRISMA statement, through systematic searches in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria selected for higher education students, levels of ME and/or IE reported, and observational and clinical studies. The exclusion criteria selected against reviews, qualitative studies, and case studies. Quality was assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist. RESULTS A total of 516 initial records were identified, from which 75 were included. Cross-sectional studies were the most common research design (86.7%). Most studies were conducted with samples that were predominantly female (90.7%), White (76.0%), aged 18 to 22 years (88.4%), with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (83.0%), and in the United States (61.3%). The Intuitive Eating Scale (IES), the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ), and their different versions were the most used instruments. The outcomes most studies included were eating behavior and disorders (77.3%), anthropometric assessments (47.8%), mental health (42.0%), and body image (40.6%). Regarding the quality of studies, 34.7% of studies were assigned a positive, 1.3% a negative, and 64.0% a neutral rate. CONCLUSIONS IES and MEQ were the most used instruments. RCT and cohort studies are scarce, and future research with a higher level of quality is needed, especially on the topics of food consumption, diet quality, and biochemical markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane Rezende
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto (FCNAUP), Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Bruno M. P. M. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support, Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (LIIAD, INESC-TEC), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Rui Poínhos
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto (FCNAUP), Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal;
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Hamid N. Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for the prevention, treatment and relapse prevention of eating disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psych J 2024; 13:5-18. [PMID: 38105569 PMCID: PMC10917098 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are undertreated worldwide. In the UK the lag between recognition of symptoms and treatment ranges from about 15 months to in excess of 2 years. Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) could be a viable alternative to face-to-face cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) that avoids the negative impacts of delayed interventions. Based on evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs), this systematic review investigated the efficacy of minimally guided self-help ICBT, without face-to-face therapy, for the prevention, treatment and relapse prevention of all types of EDs in adults. The electronic databases MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched between 1991 and 2021. Inclusion criteria specified RCTs with ICBT versus inactive comparison groups. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool-2 was used for quality assessments. Qualitative synthesis and meta-analyses were conducted. Findings typically showed medium significant beneficial effect sizes for prevention studies ranging from (-0.31 [95% CI: -0.57, -0.06] to -0.47 [95% CI: -0.82, -0.11]) and generally large effect sizes for the treatment studies ranging from (-0.30 [95% CI: -0.57, -0.03] to -1.11 [95% CI: -1.47, -0.75]). Relapse prevention studies yielded mainly small non-significant beneficial effects with significant effect sizes of (-0.29 [95% CI: -0.56, -0.03] and -0.43 [95% CI: -0.70, -0.16]). Only the treatment studies reached clinical significance and cognitive symptoms improved more than behavioural symptoms. ICBT appears to be efficacious for the prevention, treatment and relapse prevention of eating disorders with treatment interventions being the most beneficial. However, the evidence base is very small, particularly for treatment and relapse prevention, indicating the need for more high-quality RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilima Hamid
- Centre for Medical EducationCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUK
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Deng WJ, Yi Z, Lee JCK. The Demographic Variation in Nutrition Knowledge and Relationship with Eating Attitudes among Chinese University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:159. [PMID: 38397650 PMCID: PMC10888371 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
There is a noticeable absence of health education among college students. This study aimed to evaluate the extent of general nutrition knowledge among Chinese university students and explore its association with eating attitudes. Data were collected from a group of 273 students in Spring of 2023, using a valid and reliable research instrument consisting of three sections: demographic variables, the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ), and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). The results were analyzed using SPSS, with correlations and t-tests to examine the relationships between nutritional knowledge and dietary attitudes. Furthermore, the present study employed the random forest (RF) algorithm, a machine learning technique, utilizing the Mean Decrease Impurity (MDI) method to investigate the influence of various features on participants' eating attitudes. The findings revealed that Chinese university students had an average accuracy of over 60% in their nutritional knowledge, but their understanding of the relationship between diet and disease still needs improvement. Moreover, male students had significantly lower nutritional knowledge than female students, and there was a positive correlation between nutritional knowledge and parents' income. The study also found a significant correlation between the level of nutritional knowledge and eating attitudes. RF results indicated that the family income level exhibited the most substantial impact on the eating attitudes of the participants. The study highlights the need for nutrition education curriculum developers to focus more on improving students' nutritional knowledge, with particular attention given to male students, low-income individuals, and those with an abnormal BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Deng
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziyue Yi
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - John Chi-Kin Lee
- Academy of Applied Policy Studies and Education Futures, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
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Pinna F, Suprani F, Paribello P, Milia P, Sanna L, Manchia M, Boi G, Pes A, Lai L, Deiana V, Lostia di Santa Sofia S, Puddu L, Fatteri F, Ghiani A, Lai A, Carpiniello B. Food and Alcohol Disturbance in High School Adolescents: Prevalence, Characteristics and Association with Problem Drinking and Eating Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:83. [PMID: 38248546 PMCID: PMC10815297 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Food and alcohol disturbance (FAD) is characterized by the association of alcohol use with compensatory behaviors such as restricting calories, physical activity and purging. Despite not being part of the current nosography, research has grown in the past 10 years, mostly on college students' samples. In this study, we aim to describe the prevalence, characteristics and association of FAD with problem drinking (PD) and eating disorder risk (EDR) in a sample of Italian high school students. Participants were 900 high school students (53.6% males; mean age = 16.22) that were administered standardized questionnaires. Students who screened positive for PD, EDR and both were, respectively, 17.3%, 5.9% and 1.3%. Approximately one out four students reported FAD behaviors, mostly to control weight and by restricting calories, with higher prevalence and severity among those who screened positive for PD. Purging behaviors were rare overall (15.5%), but significantly more frequent in participants who screened positive for both PD and EDR (41.7%). FAD was more strongly associated with alcohol use severity than with ED symptom severity across all subgroups. FAD behaviors appear to be common in the Italian high school population and more strongly associated with PD. Future studies should investigate FAD's impact on adolescents' functioning and possible early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pinna
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Federico Suprani
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Pasquale Paribello
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Paola Milia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Lucia Sanna
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Graziella Boi
- Department of Mental Health and Addictions, ASL Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (G.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Annadele Pes
- Department of Mental Health and Addictions, ASL Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (G.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Lorena Lai
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Valeria Deiana
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Silvia Lostia di Santa Sofia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Laura Puddu
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Francesca Fatteri
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Alice Ghiani
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Alice Lai
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Bernardo Carpiniello
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
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Barnard-Brak L, Yang Z. A 4pL item response theory examination of perceived stigma in the screening of eating disorders with the SCOFF among college students. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:79. [PMID: 37792143 PMCID: PMC10550868 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01604-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the psychometric properties of the SCOFF, a screening instrument for eating disorders, with consideration of the perceived stigma of items that can produce socially desirable responding among a sample of college students. The results of the current study suggest evidence of the sufficient psychometric properties of the SCOFF in terms of confirmatory factor and item response theory analyses. However, two items of the SCOFF revealed that individuals who otherwise endorsed other items of the SCOFF were less likely to endorse the items of Fat and Food. It is hypothesized that this is the result of perceived stigma regarding those two items that prompts individuals to respond in a socially desirable way. A weighted scoring procedure was developed to counteract the performance of these two items, but the psychometric performance was only slightly better and there would be a clear tradeoff of specificity over sensitivity if utilized. Future research should consider other ways to counteract such perceived stigma.Level of evidence Level III: Evidence obtained from cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhanxia Yang
- Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
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11
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Coniglio KA, Davis L, Sun J, Loureiro N, Selby EA. Detecting pathological exercise in college men: An investigation using latent profile analysis. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:2258-2262. [PMID: 34415230 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1965612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pathological exercise is a dangerous behavior often observed in eating disorders. Data investigating associated characteristics of pathological exercise in men are lacking, despite college men and women being at equally elevated risk for developing eating disorders. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred and twenty-four college men who exercise regularly completed a series of self-report questionnaires. METHODS Latent profile analysis was used to identify empirically-derived homogenous subgroups of regular exercisers based on severity of other eating disorder attitudes and behaviors. Profiles were also compared on differences in exercise motivation and general psychopathology (i.e., depression, anxiety). RESULTS Fit indices indicated a three-profile solution. Profiles described an eating psychopathology group, a low psychopathology group, and a high exercise frequency group without eating disorder features. CONCLUSIONS Pathological exercise cannot be identified using exercise frequency alone. Other features like body dissatisfaction and exercise motivation style are relevant in identifying pathological exercise behavior in college men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Coniglio
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lauren Davis
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jasmine Sun
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Natalia Loureiro
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Edward A Selby
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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12
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Oluwafemi YD, Igere BE, Ekundayo TC, Ijabadeniyi OA. Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in milk in Africa: a generalized logistic mixed-effects and meta-regression modelling. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12646. [PMID: 37542148 PMCID: PMC10403535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria outbreaks and food recalls is on the raise globally. Milk particularly is highly susceptible to Listeria as its production and storage adequately support Listeria growth. The extent of milk contamination with Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) and preventative actions to halt milk associated outbreaks in Africa are unknown. Hence, this study aimed at assessing the national and subregional prevalence of Lm in milk in Africa and identify impacting factors via generalized logistic mixed-effects (GLMEs) and meta-regression modelling. Lm-milk-specific data acquired from primary studies according to standard protocol were fitted using a GLMEs. The GLMEs was subjected to leave-one-study-out-cross-validation (LOSOCV). Factors impacting Lm prevalence in milk were assayed via a 1000-permutation-assisted meta-regression-modelling. The pooled prevalence of Lm in milk in Africa was 4.35% [2.73-6.86] with a prediction interval (PI) of 0.14-59.86% and LOSOCV value of 2.43% [1.62-3.62; PI: 0.32-16.11%]. Western Africa had the highest prevalence [20.13%, 4.13-59.59], then Southern Africa [5.85%, 0.12-75.72], Northern Africa [4.67%, 2.82-7.64], Eastern Africa [1.91%, 0.64-5.55], and there was no record from Central Africa. In term of country, Lm prevalence in milk significantly (p < 0.01) varied from 0.00 to 90.00%. Whereas the Lm prevalence was negligibly different (p = 0.77) by milk type, raw-milk had the highest prevalence [5.26%], followed by fermented-milk [4.76%], boiled-milk [2.90%], pasteurized-milk [1.64%], and powdered-milk [1.58%]. DNA extraction approach did not significantly (p = 0.07) affect Lm prevalence (Boiling [7.82%] versus Kit [7.24%]) as well as Lm detection method (p = 0.10; (ACP [3.64%] vs. CP [8.92%] vs. CS [2.27%] vs. CSP [6.82%]). Though a bivariate/multivariate combination of all tested variables in meta-regression explained 19.68-68.75% (R2) variance in Lm prevalence in milk, N, nation, and subregion singly/robustly accounted for 17.61% (F1;65 = 7.5994; p = 0.005), 63.89% (F14;52 = 4.2028; p = 0.001), and 16.54% (F3;63 = 3.4743; p = 0.026), respectively. In conclusion, it is recommended that adequate sample size should be prioritized in monitoring Lm in milk to prevent spuriously high or low prevalence to ensure robust, plausible, and credible estimate. Also, national efforts/interests and commitments to Lm monitoring should be awaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinka D Oluwafemi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Bright E Igere
- Department of Microbiology, Dennis Osadebay University Anwai, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Temitope C Ekundayo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria.
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Steve Biko Campus, Steve Biko Rd, Musgrave, Berea, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
| | - Oluwatosin A Ijabadeniyi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Steve Biko Campus, Steve Biko Rd, Musgrave, Berea, Durban, 4001, South Africa
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Shepherd CB, Berry KA, Ye X, Li K. Food and alcohol disturbance among US college students: a mixed methods scoping review. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1715-1731. [PMID: 34292851 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1947300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conduct a scoping review of food and alcohol disturbance (FAD) in US college students to overview the literature within this population and identify research opportunities. METHODS Studies (n = 39) were selected using systematic searches of databases and references. Search terms included: drunkorexia, "food and alcohol disturbance," and "compensatory behavior" AND alcohol AND eating. RESULTS Issues with methodological quality were noted. Most studies used quantitative methods and cross-sectional designs with small, biased samples. Terminologies, conceptualizations, and measures varied; however, 30% of studies neglected enhanced intoxication effects. Prevalence ranged from approximately 10-55%, with greater risk for women. Alcohol use and disordered eating were primary predictors. Personality, affective, and social factors are potential correlates. Alcohol-related consequences were higher for those with FAD. CONCLUSIONS While the literature is inconsistent and unclear, FAD appears to be common among college students and associated with negative consequences. Suggestions and considerations for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin B Shepherd
- Department of Psychology, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine A Berry
- Department of Psychology, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xian Ye
- Department of Psychology, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathie Li
- Department of Psychology, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Fruehwirth JC, Mazzolenis ME, Pepper MA, Perreira KM. Perceived stress, mental health symptoms, and deleterious behaviors during the transition to college. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287735. [PMID: 37368921 PMCID: PMC10298772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined associations between different sources of chronic perceived stress and deleterious behaviors (eating disorder symptoms, insufficient sleep, and insufficient vigorous physical activity) among first-year college students. METHODS The study used data on 885 first-year students (ages 18-20) at a large public university in North Carolina. The prevalence of deleterious behaviors was evaluated. Associations were estimated between different sources of chronic perceived stress (academic, future, peers, friendships, romantic, appearance, health, chronic illness, financial, work, family) and health behaviors after controlling for psychosocial supports and demographics. Moderating effects of gender and moderate-severe anxiety/depression symptoms were also tested. RESULTS 19% of first-year student reported symptoms of eating disorders, 42% insufficient sleep, and 43% insufficient vigorous physical activity. Perceived chronic stress increased the odds of reporting these deleterious behaviors. These effects were not moderated by gender or moderate-severe anxiety/depression symptoms. Appearance- and health-related stress were associated with eating disorder symptoms; health- and romantic-related stress were associated with insufficient sleep; and health-related stress was associated with insufficient vigorous physical activity. LIMITATIONS Outcomes were survey-based. The study was based on cross-sectional data from a single university, so the direction of causality cannot be determined, and more work needs to be done to determine whether this would extend to other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Cooley Fruehwirth
- Department of Economics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - M. Emilia Mazzolenis
- Data Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mollie A. Pepper
- Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Krista M. Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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15
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Ekundayo TC, Swalaha FM, Ijabadeniyi OA. Socioeconomic indices guided linear mixed-effects and meta-regression modelling of the temporal, global and regional prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in environmental waters: A class I carcinogen. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 342:118282. [PMID: 37315468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental waters (EW) substantially lend to the transmission of Helicobacter pylori (Hp). But the increase in Hp infections and antimicrobial resistance is often attributed to socioeconomic status. The connection between socioeconomic status and Hp prevalence in EW is however yet to be investigated. This study aimed to assess the impacts of socioeconomic indices (SI: continent, world bank region (WBR), world bank income (WBI), WHO region, Socio-demographic Index (SDI quintile), Sustainable Development Index (SuDI), and Human Development Index (HDI)) on the prevalence of Hp in EW. Hp-EW data were fitted to a generalized linear mixed-effects model and SI-guided meta-regression models with a 1000-resampling test. The worldwide prevalence of Hp in EW was 21.76% [95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.29-40.29], which declined significantly from 59.52% [43.28-74.37] in 1990-99 to 19.36% [3.99-58.09] in 2010-19 and with increasing trend in 2020-22 (33.33%, 22.66-45.43). Hp prevalence in EW was highest in North America (45.12%, 17.07-76.66), then Europe (22.38%, 5.96-56.74), South America (22.09%, 13.76-33.49), Asia (2.98%, 0.02-85.17), and Africa (2.56%, 0.00-99.99). It was negligibly different among sampling settings, WBI, and WHO regions demonstrating highest prevalence in rural location [42.62%, 3.07-94.56], HIEs [32.82%, 13.19-61.10], and AMR [39.43%, 19.92-63.01], respectively. However, HDI, sample size, and microbiological method robustly predict Hp prevalence in EW justifying 26.08%, 21.15%, and 16.44% of the true difference, respectively. In conclusion, Hp is highly prevalence in EW across regional/socioeconomic strata and thus challenged the uses of socioeconomic status as surrogate for hygienic/sanitary practices in estimating Hp infection prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope C Ekundayo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Steve Bike Campus, 121 Steve Biko Rd, Musgrave, Berea, 4001, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Feroz M Swalaha
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Steve Bike Campus, 121 Steve Biko Rd, Musgrave, Berea, 4001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Oluwatosin A Ijabadeniyi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Steve Bike Campus, 121 Steve Biko Rd, Musgrave, Berea, 4001, Durban, South Africa
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16
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Bathe C, Fennen L, Heering T, Greif A, Dubbeldam R. Training interventions to reduce the risk of injury to the lower extremity joints during landing movements in adult athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001508. [PMID: 37304892 PMCID: PMC10254820 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Aim of this systematic review was to summarise training interventions designed to reduce biomechanical risk factors associated with increased risk of lower extremity landing injuries and to evaluate their practical implications in amateur sports. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources MEDLINE, Scopus and SPORTDiscus. Eligibility criteria Training intervention(s) aimed at reducing biomechanical risk factors and/or injury rates included the following: (1) prospective or (non-)randomised controlled study design; (2) risk factors that were measured with valid two-dimensional or three-dimensional motion analysis systems or Landing Error Scoring System during jump landings. In addition, meta-analyses were performed, and the risk of bias was assessed. Results Thirty-one studies met all inclusion criteria, capturing 11 different training interventions (eg, feedback and plyometrics) and 974 participants. A significantly medium effect of technique training (both instruction and feedback) and dynamic strengthening (ie, plyometrics with/without strengthening) on knee flexion angle (g=0.77; 95% CI 0.33 to 1.21) was shown. Only one-third of the studies had training interventions that required minimal training setup and additional coaching educations. Conclusion This systematic review highlights that amateur coaches can decrease relevant biomechanical risk factors by means of minimal training setup, for example, instructing to focus on a soft landing, even within only one training session of simple technique training. The meta-analysis emphasises implementing technique training as stand-alone or combined with dynamic strengthening into amateur sport training routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Bathe
- Movement Science, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Fennen
- Movement Science, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Theresa Heering
- Coventry University, Coventry, UK
- Deakin University School of Health and Social Development, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander Greif
- Movement Science, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rosemary Dubbeldam
- Movement Science, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
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17
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Lu WT, Hu PH, Li N, Wang L, Wang R, Wang Z, Song M, Zhao TY, Guo SJ, Huang FF, Liu BF, Ren RJ, Yang L, Lin Q, Xu YH, Jin N, Chen H, Gao YY, Wu ZF, Shi GY, Liu DP, Pan ZQ, Du CC, An CX, Wang XY. Estimated prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of mental disorders in medical students of Hebei Province, China: A cross-sectional study. World J Psychiatry 2023; 13:215-225. [PMID: 37303927 PMCID: PMC10251358 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i5.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, the identification rate and treatment rate of mental disorders are low, and there are few surveys on the prevalence of mental disorders among college students using diagnostic tools such as Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), so the prevalence and treatment of mental disorders among college students are unclear.
AIM To estimate prevalence of mental disorders among medical students in Hebei Province, and provide guidance for improving their mental health.
METHODS This was a cross-sectional study based on an Internet-based survey. Three levels of medical students in Hebei Province were randomly selected (by cluster sampling) for screening. Using the information network assessment system, the subjects scanned the 2D code with their mobile phones, clicked to sign the informed consent, and answered a scale. A self-designed general status questionnaire was used to collect information about age, gender, ethnicity, grade, and origin of students. The MINI 5.0. was used to investigate mental disorders. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software. Statistically significant findings were determined using a two-tailed P value of 0.05.
RESULTS A total of 7117 subjects completed the survey between October 11 and November 7, 2021. The estimated prevalence of any mental disorders within 12 mo was 7.4%. Mood disorders were the most common category (4.3%), followed by anxiety disorders (3.9%); 15.0% had been to psychological counseling, while only 5.7% had been to a psychiatric consultation, and only 10% had received drug therapy in the past 12 mo.
CONCLUSION Although the estimated prevalence of mental disorders in medical students is lower than in the general population, the rate of adequate treatment is low. We determined that improving the mental health of medical students is an urgent matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Lu
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Pei-Hua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Na Li
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Technical Innovation Center, Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Clinical Research Center of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zeng Wang
- Counseling and Mental Health Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Mei Song
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhao
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shi-Jie Guo
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Fan-Fan Huang
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Bu-Fan Liu
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ruo-Jia Ren
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Li Yang
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Quan Lin
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yue-Hang Xu
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Na Jin
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Gao
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Wu
- Counseling and Mental Health Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Guang-Yu Shi
- Counseling and Mental Health Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Da-Peng Liu
- Hebei Saitron Information Technology Co., Ltd, Cangzhou 060000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhong-Qi Pan
- Hebei Saitron Information Technology Co., Ltd, Cangzhou 060000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chun-Chao Du
- Hebei Saitron Information Technology Co., Ltd, Cangzhou 060000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Cui-Xia An
- Hebei Technical Innovation Center, Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Clinical Research Center of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xue-Yi Wang
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Technical Innovation Center, Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Clinical Research Center of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
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Martínez-Rodríguez A, Vidal-Martínez L, Martínez-Olcina M, Miralles-Amorós L, Sánchez-Sáez JA, Ramos-Campo DJ, Sánchez-Sánchez J, Martínez-Amorós N, Cheikh-Moussa K, Asencio-Mas N, Andreu-Caravaca L, Rubio-Arias JÁ. Study the Effect of an Innovative Educational Program Promoting Healthy Food Habits on Eating Disorders, Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Body Composition in University Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11070965. [PMID: 37046892 PMCID: PMC10094267 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11070965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The university stage is a good time to promote healthy eating strategies. The sociological and cultural changes experienced by students lead them to skip meals, increase their intake of fast food and energy-dense foods, decreasing adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD). Professionals related to food such as nutritionists and dietitians are also considered a population at risk of developing eating disorders due to the extensive knowledge they possess, which can be used for both good and bad practice. The objective was to analyze the impact of a 4-month educational program promoting the Mediterranean diet on risky eating behaviors, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and body composition in nutrition and dietetics students, studying the differences according to the group investigated (control group and educated group). The context of the research was 196 students (49 males and 147 females) from two consecutive years. The control group did not receive any type of intervention, while with the control group (educated) an educational program was carried out. Results showed that women with greater control over energy intake, carbohydrates, and sugar had a lower percentage of fat mass, while in men, the relationship was established with weight. Regarding adherence to the Mediterranean diet, at post, it is adequate in both men (8.25 ± 2.87) and women (7.90 ± 2.89), with no significant differences between the intervention groups.
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19
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Wilson RB, Lathigara D, Kaushal D. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Future Cancer Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076192. [PMID: 37047163 PMCID: PMC10094585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence for the prevention of future cancers following bariatric surgery. A systematic literature search of the Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases (2007–2023), Google Scholar and grey literature was conducted. A meta-analysis was performed using the inverse variance method and random effects model. Thirty-two studies involving patients with obesity who received bariatric surgery and control patients who were managed with conventional treatment were included. The meta-analysis suggested bariatric surgery was associated with a reduced overall incidence of cancer (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.46–0.84, p < 0.002), obesity-related cancer (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.39–0.90, p = 0.01) and cancer-associated mortality (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.42–0.62, p < 0.00001). In specific cancers, bariatric surgery was associated with reduction in the future incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.22–0.55, p < 0.00001), colorectal cancer (RR 0.63, CI 0.50–0.81, p = 0.0002), pancreatic cancer (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.29–0.93, p = 0.03) and gallbladder cancer (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.18–0.96, p = 0.04), as well as female specific cancers, including breast cancer (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.44–0.71, p < 0.00001), endometrial cancer (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.26–0.55, p < 0.00001) and ovarian cancer (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.31–0.64, p < 0.0001). There was no significant reduction in the incidence of oesophageal, gastric, thyroid, kidney, prostate cancer or multiple myeloma after bariatric surgery as compared to patients with morbid obesity who did not have bariatric surgery. Obesity-associated carcinogenesis is closely related to metabolic syndrome; visceral adipose dysfunction; aromatase activity and detrimental cytokine, adipokine and exosomal miRNA release. Bariatric surgery results in long-term weight loss in morbidly obese patients and improves metabolic syndrome. Bariatric surgery may decrease future overall cancer incidence and mortality, including the incidence of seven obesity-related cancers.
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Escolar-Llamazares MC, Martínez-Martín MÁ, Medina-Gómez MB, González-Alonso MY, Mercado-Val E, Lara-Ortega F. Sociodemographic Variables and Body Mass Index Associated with the Risk of Eating Disorders in Spanish University Students. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:595-612. [PMID: 36975398 PMCID: PMC10047306 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The passage through university is a complex experience that can heighten personal susceptibility to eating disorders. The objective of this research is to determine how gender, age, course, educational faculty, and body mass index (BMI) can influence the risk of eating disorders among university students. Method: A transversal and descriptive study is conducted with a sample of 516 Spanish students (57.2% female, 42.8% male; Mage = 21.7, SDage = 4.1) following 26 university degrees. The Inventory Eating Disorder-Reference criterion (EDI-3-RF) was administered to the students. Contingency tables were used between categorical variables with the chi-squared statistic, at a significance level of p < 0.05. The Student t-test was used for two independent samples and a one-way ANOVA test with the post hoc Bonferroni test for more than two groups. Pearson’s correlation and a simple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between the variables in its quantitative version. Results: It was found that the female students enrolled in the second year presented a greater obsession with thinness and body dissatisfaction (p = 0.029; d = 0.338); the male students practiced more physical exercise to control their weight (p = 0.003); and that students under the age of twenty (p < 0.010; d = 0.584) and students from both the Health (p = 0.0.13) and Law (p = 0.021) educational faculties showed greater bulimic behavior (d = 0.070). More females are underweight (z = 2.8), and more men are overweight (z = 2.4). Normal-weight students scored significantly higher in thinness obsession (p = 0.033). Overweight students scored significantly higher on thinness obsession (p < 0.001) and body dissatisfaction (p < 0.001). Obese students scored significantly higher on body dissatisfaction (p = 0.04). Conclusions: The data obtained in this study, reinforce the hypothesis that the female gender, at an age within the limits of early adolescence, in the first year of the degree courses, with specific university qualifications, and a high BMI constituted factors that could provoke an eating disorder. Consequently, it is necessary to implement preventive measures adapted to the circumstances of each university student.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Camino Escolar-Llamazares
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, Paseo Comendadores s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.-C.E.-L.); (M.-B.M.-G.); Tel.: +34-619285868 (M.-C.E.-L.); +34-673262245 (M.-B.M.-G.)
| | | | - María-Begoña Medina-Gómez
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Burgos, Avda, Villadiego, No.1., 09001 Burgos, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.-C.E.-L.); (M.-B.M.-G.); Tel.: +34-619285868 (M.-C.E.-L.); +34-673262245 (M.-B.M.-G.)
| | | | - Elvira Mercado-Val
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Burgos, Avda, Villadiego, No.1., 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Fernando Lara-Ortega
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Burgos, Avda, Villadiego, No.1., 09001 Burgos, Spain
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21
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Dunker KLL, Carvalho PHBD, Amaral ACS. Eating disorders prevention programs in Latin American countries: A systematic review. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:691-707. [PMID: 36789735 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review evaluates and summarizes existing eating disorder (ED) prevention programs in Latin American countries. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register, PubMed, and Virtual Health Library databases up to and including July 31, 2022. All ED prevention studies published in English, Spanish or Portuguese were eligible, regardless of the study design, sample characteristics, and type of prevention programs. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias criteria were used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. RESULTS Twenty-two studies were included. Most were pilot studies that were nonrandomized, had a high risk of bias, were from Mexico and Brazil, and employed selective interventions. Dissonance-based programs and social cognitive theory were the commonly used approaches in interventions, and most of them were tested in adolescent girls and women. Short follow-ups were used, varying from 1 to 6 months. Many found significant decreases after the intervention and/or at follow-up in ED/disordered eating risk behaviors/symptoms, negative affect, body-ideal internalization, and body image disturbances. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights promising efforts to prevent EDs among Latin American countries. Some barriers in conducting research include funding restrictions, laws that do not allow remuneration or compensation for participants, and high costs of training. Nonetheless, the outcomes of the programs developed and evaluated so far are positive enough to merit further work on ED prevention. Efforts for future researchers should recruit samples with diverse characteristics, use robust designs and data analysis techniques, and expand the accessibility of prevention programs. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The development of effective eating disorder (ED) prevention programs that can be broadly implemented is a public health priority. Nevertheless, there is limited evidence regarding the characteristics of ED prevention programs and their efficacy among Latin American countries. In the present study, we reviewed existing ED prevention programs adopted in Latin America, described their characteristics and outcomes, noted the limitations of available programs, and discussed the implications of these findings for efforts to prevent the development of EDs in Latin America. The outcomes of the programs developed and evaluated so far are positive enough to merit the development and rigorous evaluation of future programs and their broad dissemination in Latin American countries. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021275245.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Louise Lenz Dunker
- AMBULIM, Eating Disorders Program, Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Berbert de Carvalho
- AMBULIM, Eating Disorders Program, Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,NICTA, Body Image and Eating Disorder Research Group, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Soares Amaral
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Southeast of Minas Gerais, Barbacena, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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22
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Linardon J, Greenwood CJ, Macdonald JA, Spry EA, Wertheim EH, Le Grange D, Letcher P, Olsson CA. Eating and Body Image Disturbances in Adolescence and Substance Use Throughout Young Adulthood: Findings from the Australian Temperament Project. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract We investigated whether eating and body image disturbances in mid-adolescence were associated with substance use in young adulthood. Participants (n = 1566) completed the drive for thinness, bulimic behavior, and body dissatisfaction subscales from the Eating Disorder Inventory during adolescence (15–16 years), and reported frequencies of substance use (tobacco, cannabis, binge drinking, other illicit substances) across young adulthood (19–20, 23–24, and 27–28 years). Adolescent body dissatisfaction was associated with a 10% increase in the rate of binge drinking and tobacco smoking, with effects being of similar magnitude in men and women, and across young adulthood. The association between bulimic behavior and tobacco smoking was strongest in the earlier years of young adulthood (19–20 years). Relationships between cannabis use, bulimic behavior, and body dissatisfaction were evident in men only. Findings highlight important targets for prevention programs, as well as focused monitoring efforts to identify individuals at risk of later substance use.
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23
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Finch JE, Xu Z, Baker JH. Understanding comorbidity between eating disorder and premenstrual symptoms using a network analysis approach. Appetite 2023; 181:106410. [PMID: 36460121 PMCID: PMC9790037 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Eating disorder symptoms are associated with ovarian hormones and fluctuate predictably across the menstrual cycle. However, the specific symptoms that underlie these associations remain unclear. The current study aims to examine which specific eating disorder and premenstrual symptoms confer risk and maintain comorbidity using network analysis. Eating disorder and premenstrual symptoms were measured using the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory and the Daily Record of Severity of Problems, respectively, in a large sample of young adult females. Network analysis was used to explicate the structure of eating and premenstrual symptom networks separately and together. Eating disorder networks replicated previous literature and identified body dissatisfaction as a core feature, but was unique in identifying monitoring calories as an additional core feature. Central symptoms identified in the premenstrual symptom network were symptoms interference with daily life and activities and negative emotions brought on by hormone changes. Bridge symptoms between networks were identified as relating to eating behaviors, interference with daily activities, joint and muscle pain, and negative emotions brought on by hormone changes. This study suggests that the links between eating disorder and premenstrual symptoms extend past their individual effects on eating behavior and are indicative of a shared underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody E Finch
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5010, Atlanta, GA, 30302-5010, USA.
| | - Ziqian Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7160, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7160, USA
| | - Jessica H Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7160, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7160, USA
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24
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Bantjes J, Kessler M, Lochner C, Breet E, Bawa A, Roos J, Davids C, Muturiki M, Kessler RC, Stein DJ. The mental health of university students in South Africa: Results of the national student survey. J Affect Disord 2023; 321:217-226. [PMID: 36349649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We estimate 30-day prevalence of 11 common mental disorders among a representative sample of university students in South Africa and explore disparities in student mental health across historically segregated institutions and marginalised groups. METHODS Cross-sectional data collected in self-report surveys of students (n = 28,268) from 17 universities were weighted to adjust for differences in survey responses. Poisson regression was used to estimate risk ratios (RRs). RESULTS Prevalence estimates were highest (21.0-24.5 %) for two anxiety disorders (social anxiety disorder, PTSD) and two disruptive behavior disorders (eating disorder, ADHD). Prevalence estimates were higher for any anxiety disorder (37.1 %) and any disruptive behavior disorder (38.7 %) than for any mood disorder (16.3 %) or any substance use disorder (6.6 %). Prevalence estimates varied significantly by historical segregation status of institutions (F3 = 221.6, p < .001), with prevalence consistently highest in Historically White Institutions (HWIs). Across all institutions, risk of any disorder was lower among oldest than younger students (RR = 0.7, 95%CI = 0.7-0.8), and elevated among gender non-conforming (RR = 1.3, 95%CI = 1.1-1.4), female (RR = 1.2, 95%CI = 1.1-1.2), and sexual minority (RR = 1.2, 95%CI = 1.2-1.3) students. Black students attending HWIs had elevated risk of any disorder relative to White students. LIMITATIONS Reliance on self-report measures together with relatively low and variable response rates across institutions limit generalizability of results. CONCLUSIONS Modest risks associated with sociodemographic factors suggest a need to focus on mental health of female, gender nonconforming and sexual minority students at all universities along with Black students attending HWIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bantjes
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Molly Kessler
- Department of Measurement, Evaluation, Statistics, and Assessment, Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Christine Lochner
- SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Elsie Breet
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ahmed Bawa
- Board of Directors, Universities South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Janine Roos
- Mental Health Information Centre of Southern Africa, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Charl Davids
- Centre for Student Counselling and Development, Student Affairs, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Memory Muturiki
- Student Wellness Service, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Healthcare Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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25
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Artyukhov A, Pritchard M, Brasil K. Relationships between body image and mental health in white, cisgender college students. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:3579-3586. [PMID: 36344745 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have suggested that drive for leanness (DL) may be less maladaptive than drive for thinness (DT) or drive for muscularity (DM). However, no studies have examined whether there might be gender differences in the relationships between these three drives and mental health variables. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, we wanted to examine DL in the context of mental health and to see if it is less maladaptive than DT and DM. Second, we wanted to examine gender differences in the relationships between body dissatisfaction (DT, DM, DL) and mental health in a sample of college students. METHODS A sample of 988 White, heterosexual, cisgender college students (76.8% female) completed an omnibus survey measuring body image (DL, DT, DM) and mental health (generalized anxiety, social physique anxiety, self-esteem) variables. Regression analyses evaluated associations between these drives and mental health variables. RESULTS DT predicted all three mental health outcomes in both men and women. DM predicted generalized and social physique anxiety in women but only generalized anxiety in men. DL predicted social physique anxiety only in women. CONCLUSION Because we found gender differences in body image and relationships between body image and mental health, future studies should take gender into account when exploring body image and related variables. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V Cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Pritchard
- Department of Psychological Science, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.
| | - Kyle Brasil
- Combined-Integrated Clinical & Counseling, Psychology Program, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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26
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Bantjes J, Hunt X, Stein DJ. Public Health Approaches to Promoting University Students' Mental Health: A Global Perspective. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2022; 24:809-818. [PMID: 36399235 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-022-01387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Provide a critical overview of recent global advances in student mental health from a public health perspective, highlighting key challenges and gaps in the literature. RECENT FINDINGS Mental disorders and suicidality are common among university students globally. However, there is a significant treatment gap even though evidence-based treatments are available. To overcome barriers to treatment, public health interventions should be conceptualized within a developmental paradigm that takes cognizance of the developmental tasks of young adulthood. Traditional one-on-one treatment approaches will not be a cost-effective or sustainable way to close the treatment gap among students. A range of evidence-based interventions is available to promote students' mental health; however, novel approaches are needed to scale up services and adapt intervention delivery to suit student specific contexts. Digital interventions and peer-to-peer interventions could be a cost-effective way to scale-up and expand the range of services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bantjes
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Xanthe Hunt
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. .,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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27
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Testing the interaction of thinness/restriction and negative affect reduction expectancies on disordered eating behavior. Eat Behav 2022; 47:101663. [PMID: 36067649 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thinness/restriction expectancies (i.e., perceived rewards from thinness/dietary restriction) and negative affect reduction expectancies (i.e., beliefs that eating will reduce negative emotions) are associated with disordered eating, but have largely been studied in isolation despite evidence that individuals can endorse these expectancies simultaneously. Guided by the goal conflict model, we hypothesized that for individuals reporting high levels of one type of expectancy, stronger endorsement of the second expectancy category would be associated with more dietary restriction, binge eating, and compensatory behaviors. A secondary aim included testing an adapted goal conflict model. DESIGN Interaction effects were tested using multiple linear and negative binomial regressions. Exploratory indirect effect models tested the adapted goal conflict model. Given gender differences, hypotheses were tested separately by gender. MEASURES Participants (N = 406, 54.2% female, non-Hispanic White = 68.8%, Mage = 20.99, MBMI = 25.05) completed measures of thinness/restriction expectancies, negative affect expectancies, dietary restriction, binge eating, and compensatory behaviors (e.g., purging, laxative/diuretic use, compensatory exercise). RESULTS No statistically significant interaction of thinness/restriction and negative affect expectancies on disordered eating was observed for either the male or female sample. Main effects models revealed consistent findings across subsamples. Greater thinness/restriction expectancies were associated with more dietary restriction, binge eating, and compensatory behaviors. Greater negative affect reduction expectancies were associated with more binge eating. Exploratory indirect effect models yielded significant effects of each expectancy category on disordered eating. CONCLUSION Expectancies may be independent risk factors for disordered eating. Disordered eating prevention and intervention efforts may benefit from explicitly targeting thinness/restriction and negative affect expectancies.
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28
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İnce B, Yücel B. Reducing eating disorders risk in Turkish female university students using cognitive behavioural theory: A randomized controlled feasibility trial. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03909-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Enouy S, Desrochers JE, Bossom IRL, Tabri N. A p-curve analysis of the emotional Stroop effect among women with eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:1459-1483. [PMID: 36124885 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A recent meta-review of attentional bias research in eating disorders suggests that meta-analyses and systematic reviews include many low-quality and underpowered studies (Stott et al., 2021). As such, we examined whether published research examining the link between attentional bias, using the emotional Stroop task, and eating disorders among women with eating disorders has evidential value (ruling out selective reporting of a statistically significant effect) using a p-curve analysis. A p-curve analysis plots statisticall significant p-values onto a curve from .01 to .05 to examine its distribution. We hypothesized that the p-curve would be flat, indicating no true effect. METHOD The hypothesis, database search strategy, and data analytic approach were pre-registered. The inclusion criteria were reports that compared control and eating disorder groups, reported inferential statistics, and that used body shape/weight or general threat target words. RESULTS Fifty published reports were included in the p-curve analyses. Unexpectedly, the half and full p-curves were significantly right-skewed, indicating evidential value. However, the results were not robust to the exclusion of the seven lowest p-values and on average, reports were underpowered. There were also 18 reports with null results (they had a p-value greater than .05), which precluded their inclusion in the p-curve analyses. DISCUSSION The findings suggest that most of the evidence from research examining attentional biases using the emotional Stroop task among women with an eating disorder or with elevated eating disorder symptoms is underpowered and so should be interpreted with considerable caution. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Concerns have been raised about the low quality of research examining attentional biases among women with eating disorders using the emotional Stroop task. In the current research, we observed that the evidential value of primary research reporting differences between women with and without eating disorders was equivocal and had low statistical power. These results can guide researchers towards conducting more rigorous research on attentional biases among people with eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Enouy
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Mental Health and Well-being Research and Training Hub, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica E Desrochers
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Mental Health and Well-being Research and Training Hub, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabella R L Bossom
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Mental Health and Well-being Research and Training Hub, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nassim Tabri
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Mental Health and Well-being Research and Training Hub, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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The Risk of T2DM in College Women: The Predictive Power of Financial versus Residential Status in a Cross-Sectional Pilot Study in Turkey. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12090309. [PMID: 36135113 PMCID: PMC9495967 DOI: 10.3390/bs12090309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between dietary habits, income levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in Turkish female university students who are living with their family or in the dormitory. Materials and Methods: This work was a cross-sectional pilot study conducted during December 2016–January 2017 in Istanbul Yeni Yuzyıl University. A survey was administered to 100 female students, 60 living with their family and 40 in dormitories. Income level was determined based on TURKSTAT 2015 percentiles. T2DM risk was determined using the Finnish Diabetes Association Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Form (FINDRISC). Food frequency questionnaire and 24 h dietary recall results were analyzed by the diet analysis software Beslenme Bilgi Sistemi (BeBiS), specially developed for Turkey. Results: Results indicated inadequacies and imbalanced nutrition among female college students overall. Notably, there was a statistically significant higher diet quality for the students living with their families compared to those living in dormitories. Income level was consistently positively associated with better nutritional outcomes, while negatively associated with T2DM risk, but interestingly, only in the case of students living in the dormitory and not for those living with family. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that financial status, rather than living in the dormitory versus with family, is positively associated with increased T2DM risk as assessed via FINDRISC among Turkish female college students. This study’s results indicate a potential need for educational programs and nutritional support for students, particularly those living away from family.
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Pierre Zila-Velasque J, Grados-Espinoza P, Regalado-Rodríguez KM, Luna-Córdova CJ, Calderón GSS, Diaz-Vargas M, Diaz-Vélez C, Sifuentes-Rosales J. [Prevalence and factors associated with eating disorders in Peruvian Human Medicine students in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a multicentre study]. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA 2022:S0034-7450(22)00085-3. [PMID: 35967544 PMCID: PMC9359929 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eating disorders (ED) are serious conditions that have diverse consequences, associated with high morbidity and mortality: Among the factors associated with their development are, being female, and stress, which increased during the pandemic, and was higher in medical students. Our objective was to identify the prevalence and factors associated with ED in medical students. METHODS Cross-sectional study, conducted with an online questionnaire, between January 1 and 31, 2021, in 22 universities, using the Eating Disorder Scale (EAT-26) and the Family Communication Scale (FCS). Generalized logistic regressions were used to identify the association between variables. RESULTS A total of 1224 participants were recruited, and the prevalence was 12.5%. Associated factors included a poor perception of health in 34.3%, having a family and/or social environment member with an eating disorder in 21.7%, and medium or low satisfaction with family communication in 57.3% and 34.9% respectively, in addition to the academic year, dieting, concern for body image and the perception of inadequate eating. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, 1-2 out of 10 Human Medicine students had an ED. The associated factors that influenced development of the condition included a fair or poor perception of health, the academic year completed, and medium or low satisfaction with family communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pierre Zila-Velasque
- Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en la Altitud e Investigación (REDLAMAI), Pasco, Perú
| | - Pamela Grados-Espinoza
- Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en la Altitud e Investigación (REDLAMAI), Pasco, Perú
| | - Kateriny Margot Regalado-Rodríguez
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de Cajamarca (SOCIEMCA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca (UNC), Cajamarca, Perú
| | - Cesia J Luna-Córdova
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina UPAO, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego (UPAO), Trujillo, Perú
| | - Gabriela Stefanie Sierra Calderón
- Federación Internacional de Asociaciones de Estudiantes de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Perú
| | - Mills Diaz-Vargas
- Sociedad Científica de Medicina del Centro (SOCIEMC), Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú (UNCP), Huancayo, Perú
| | - Cristian Diaz-Vélez
- Sociedad Científica de Medicina de Huánuco (SOCIEMHCO), Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán (UNHEVAL), Huánuco, Perú
| | - J Sifuentes-Rosales
- Mental@Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad César Vallejo, Trujillo, Perú
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32
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Beesdo-Baum K, Zenker M, Rückert F, Kische H, Pieper L, Asselmann E. Efficacy of Applied Relaxation as indicated preventive intervention in individuals at increased risk for mental disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2022; 157:104162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Al-Musharaf S, Rogoza R, Mhanna M, Soufia M, Obeid S, Hallit S. Factors of body dissatisfaction among lebanese adolescents: the indirect effect of self-esteem between mental health and body dissatisfaction. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:302. [PMID: 35606738 PMCID: PMC9125344 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body dissatisfaction (BD) rates are alarmingly high, especially among adolescents, thus. Having a better understanding of correlates associated with BD seems to be an important issue in this developmental context. Furthermore, as adolescence is an essential time in the development of self-perception and self-esteem the current study assesses factors associated with BD among Lebanese adolescents and evaluates the indirect effect of self-esteem between depression/anxiety/stress and BD. Methods This is a cross-sectional study among 555 Lebanese adolescents, ages 15–18, who completed an online survey incorporating BD, socioeconomic status, weight and height, physical activity index, Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale, Beirut Distress Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results The results of a stepwise linear regression, taking the body dissatisfaction score as the dependent variable, showed that higher BMI (B = 0.47), feeling pressured by media/TV to lose weight (Beta = 2.80), higher depression (Beta = 0.39), exercising to lose weight (Beta = 1.84) and following a diet to lose weight (Beta = 1.58) were significantly associated with more body dissatisfaction, whereas higher self-esteem (Beta=-0.11) and more psychological distress (Beta=-0.21) were significantly associated with less body dissatisfaction. Self-esteem played an indirect role in the associations between anxiety and body dissatisfaction and stress and body dissatisfaction. Conclusions BD is common among young Lebanese adolescents. Treating adolescents with low self-esteem and psychological issues is crucial in preventing anticipated BD and future eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Al-Musharaf
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radoslaw Rogoza
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland.,Social Innovation Chair, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Mariam Mhanna
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Michel Soufia
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon. .,Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, 21478, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. .,Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
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Imperatori C, Panno A, Carbone GA, Corazza O, Taddei I, Bernabei L, Massullo C, Prevete E, Tarsitani L, Pasquini M, Farina B, Biondi M, Bersani FS. The association between social media addiction and eating disturbances is mediated by muscle dysmorphia-related symptoms: a cross-sectional study in a sample of young adults. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1131-1140. [PMID: 34176075 PMCID: PMC8235906 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the association between problematic use of the internet and eating disorders (EDs) in young adults has been previously established, its underlying mechanisms have not been completely clarified. It has been suggested that exposure to idealized very thin and toned body images (e.g., "thinspiration" and "fitspiration" trends) on social media might lead to increased feelings of body dissatisfaction which, in turn, can represent a trigger for EDs. We have tested this hypothesis in a sample (N = 721) of young adults (504 females, mean age: 24.13 ± 3.70 years; range 18-34). METHODS Self-report measures investigating symptoms related to social media addiction (SMA), muscle dysmorphia (MD), and EDs were used. A mediational model analyzing the direct and indirect effects of SMA-related symptoms on ED-related symptoms through the mediating role of MD-related symptoms was performed controlling for confounding factors (e.g., socio-demographic variables, substances use, body mass index, psychopathological distress). RESULTS The model showed that the total effect of SMA-related symptoms on ED-related symptoms was significant (B = 0.213; p = 0.022) and that this association was mediated by MD-related symptoms (B = 0.083; p = 0.021). DISCUSSION Our findings support the possibility that MD-related symptoms play a relevant role in mediating the association between SMA severity and ED pathology. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Imperatori
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Panno
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Alessio Carbone
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Corazza
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.,Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Ines Taddei
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bernabei
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Mental Health Department, ASL Roma 5 Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Massullo
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabeth Prevete
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tarsitani
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Pasquini
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetto Farina
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Biondi
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Bersani
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Balciuniene V, Jankauskiene R, Baceviciene M. Effect of an education and mindfulness-based physical activity intervention for the promotion of positive body image in Lithuanian female students. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:563-577. [PMID: 33877646 PMCID: PMC8056191 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of an 8-week classroom education and mindfulness-based physical activity intervention for the promotion of positive body image in female students. METHODS A quasi-experimental study was carried out with 110 Lithuanian female students (mean age 21.5 ± 3.5, range 19-35 years). Thirty students voluntarily participated in the intervention programme and 80 students volunteered in the assessment-only control group. The intervention comprised five cognitive behavioural therapy classroom education sessions and mindfulness-based exercise (one exercise workout per week). The intervention group was evaluated with a pre-test and post-test and the control group completed measures at parallel times. RESULTS Compared with the control group participants, the intervention group participants reported greater improvements in positive body image and a reduction in body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness and internalisation of stereotyped beauty ideals, with medium to large effects. There were significant time × group interactions for pre-test to post-test changes in internalisation of beauty ideals, body area satisfaction, body dissatisfaction and body appreciation. In all cases, the interaction reflected greater pre-test to post-test changes in the intervention group compared with the control group, whose scores remained stable. A decrease in appearance orientation, overweight preoccupation, disordered eating and physical activity was observed in the control group, but the effect sizes were low. CONCLUSION The preliminary findings of this study support the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy methods and mindfulness-based exercise intervention aimed to promote positive body image in student-aged women. Future studies should test the efficacy of the introduced programme in larger randomised samples of young women. LEVEL IV Evidence obtained from multiple time series with or without an intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaiva Balciuniene
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Jankauskiene
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Migle Baceviciene
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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36
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Chan WW, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Smith AC, Firebaugh ML, Fowler LA, DePietro B, Topooco N, Wilfley DE, Taylor CB, Jacobson NC. The Challenges in Designing a Prevention Chatbot for Eating Disorders: Observational Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e28003. [PMID: 35044314 PMCID: PMC8811687 DOI: 10.2196/28003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chatbots have the potential to provide cost-effective mental health prevention programs at scale and increase interactivity, ease of use, and accessibility of intervention programs. OBJECTIVE The development of chatbot prevention for eating disorders (EDs) is still in its infancy. Our aim is to present examples of and solutions to challenges in designing and refining a rule-based prevention chatbot program for EDs, targeted at adult women at risk for developing an ED. METHODS Participants were 2409 individuals who at least began to use an EDs prevention chatbot in response to social media advertising. Over 6 months, the research team reviewed up to 52,129 comments from these users to identify inappropriate responses that negatively impacted users' experience and technical glitches. Problems identified by reviewers were then presented to the entire research team, who then generated possible solutions and implemented new responses. RESULTS The most common problem with the chatbot was a general limitation in understanding and responding appropriately to unanticipated user responses. We developed several workarounds to limit these problems while retaining some interactivity. CONCLUSIONS Rule-based chatbots have the potential to reach large populations at low cost but are limited in understanding and responding appropriately to unanticipated user responses. They can be most effective in providing information and simple conversations. Workarounds can reduce conversation errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Chan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Center for m2Health, Palo Alto University, Los Altos, CA, United States
| | | | - Arielle C Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Marie-Laure Firebaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Lauren A Fowler
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Bianca DePietro
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Naira Topooco
- Center for m2Health, Palo Alto University, Los Altos, CA, United States
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Denise E Wilfley
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - C Barr Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Center for m2Health, Palo Alto University, Los Altos, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas C Jacobson
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
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Jacobi C, Vollert B, Hütter K, von Bloh P, Eiterich N, Görlich D, Taylor CB. Indicated, Web-based Prevention for Women With Anorexia Nervosa Symptoms: A Randomised Controlled Efficacy Trial (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2021; 24:e35947. [PMID: 35653174 PMCID: PMC9204567 DOI: 10.2196/35947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although preventive interventions for eating disorders in general have shown promise, interventions specifically targeting individuals at risk for anorexia nervosa (AN) are lacking. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a guided, indicated web-based prevention program for women at risk for AN. Methods We conducted a randomized controlled efficacy trial for women at risk for AN. Assessments were carried out at baseline (before the intervention), after the intervention (10 weeks after baseline), and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups (FUs). A total of 168 women with low body weight (17.5 kg/m2≤BMI≤19 kg/m2) and high weight concerns or with normal body weight (19 kg/m2<BMI≤25 kg/m2), high weight concerns, and high restrained eating were recruited from 3 German universities as well as on the web and randomized to Student Bodies-AN (SB-AN; intervention group [IG]) or a wait-list control group (CG). The exclusion criteria were current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition–based full-syndrome eating disorders and serious medical or mental problems. The interventions were a cognitive-behavioral guided web-based prevention program (SB-AN) over 10 weeks (IG) and a wait-list CG. The primary outcomes were clinically significant changes in disordered eating attitudes and behaviors and change in BMI at 12-month FU in the group of participants who were underweight. The secondary outcomes were new onset of eating disorders, symptoms of disordered eating, and associated psychopathology. Results Data were available for 81.5% (137/168) of the women after the intervention and for 69% (116/168) of the women at 12-month FU. At 12-month FU, the IG participants showed larger decreases in Eating Disorder Examination total scores (38/48, 79% vs 33/58, 57%) than the CG participants and the IG participants who were underweight also showed larger clinically relevant increases in BMI (15/31, 49% vs 10/32, 32%) than the CG participants, but these differences were not significant. In addition, after the intervention and at 12-month FU, we found a significant increase in continuously measured BMI for the participants who were underweight and significant improvements in disordered eating attitudes and behaviors (eg, restrained eating as well as weight and shape concerns). At all time points, the rates of new-onset eating disorder cases were (nonsignificantly) lower in the IG than in the CG and the reductions in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition–based eating disorder syndromes were (nonsignificantly) higher in the IG than in the CG. Conclusions SB-AN is the first preventive intervention shown to significantly reduce specific risk factors for, and symptoms of, AN and shows promise for reducing full-syndrome AN onset. Trial Registration ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN70380261; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN70380261
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Jacobi
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bianka Vollert
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristian Hütter
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paula von Bloh
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadine Eiterich
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dennis Görlich
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - C Barr Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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38
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Nechita DM, Bud S, David D. Shame and eating disorders symptoms: A meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:1899-1945. [PMID: 34302369 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous empirical studies and theoretical models posit that shame is a common experience among individuals across the eating disorder spectrum. In this study we aim to investigate the association between shame and eating disorders symptoms using a meta-analytical approach. METHOD In this meta-analysis, we synthesized findings from 195 studies to examine the proposed association between shame and eating disorders symptoms. We looked at the associations with both general eating disorders symptoms and with specific eating disorders symptoms (i.e., anorexic, bulimic, and binge-eating symptoms). Moderation analyses testing for the effect of type of shame, type of eating symptoms, clinical status, quality of the study, age, and gender were conducted. RESULTS Shame was significantly associated with a medium to large effect size with all types of eating disorders symptoms (rs between .40 and .52). Body shame (r = .55) and shame around eating (r = .59) were more strongly related with eating disorders pathology. Type of eating disorders symptoms did not moderate the relationship between shame and disturbed eating. DISCUSSION Overall, the magnitude of the effect size of the association between shame and eating disorders symptoms is a medium to large one. Body shame and shame around eating seem to be the types of shame most closely tied with eating disorders symptoms, suggesting that directly targeting them in interventions might be highly beneficial. Findings highlight current gaps in the literature (e.g., mostly correlational studies, low quality studies) with implications for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana-Mirela Nechita
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Samuel Bud
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Evidence-Based Assessment and Psychological Interventions Doctoral School, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel David
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Attouche N, Hafdi S, Somali R, Battas O, Agoub M. [Factors associated with the risk of developing eating disorders among medical students in Casablanca, Morocco]. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 39:270. [PMID: 34707771 PMCID: PMC8520402 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.39.270.19976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction les troubles du comportement alimentaire (TCA) sont particulièrement fréquents chez les jeunes adultes, y compris les étudiants. Les objectifs de cette étude sont de déterminer la prévalence d'éventuels troubles du comportement alimentaire chez les étudiants en médecine de Casablanca et d´évaluer le risque de TCA selon les facteurs associés, notamment les facteurs socioéconomiques, cliniques, l´anxiété et la dépression. Méthodes nous avons mené une étude transversale descriptive et analytique au niveau du Centre Hospiatlier Universiatire Ibn Rochd de Casablanca et à la faculté de médecine et de pharmacie de Casablanca Maroc, durant l´année universitaire 2016-2017. L´enquête a porté sur un échantillon de 506 étudiants. Nous avons utilisé le questionnaire SCOFF-F (Sick, Control, One stone, Fat, Food; version française), un outil validé pour le dépistage des troubles du comportement alimentaire et l´échelle HAD (Hospital anxiety and depression) pour dépister les troubles anxieux et dépressifs. Résultats le questionnaire SCOFF a détecté 127 personnes (soit 25,09%) sur 506 susceptibles de souffrir de troubles du comportement alimentaire. L´âge, le niveau d´études, l´utilisation des moyens de contrôle du poids, l´anxiété et la dépression sont des facteurs associés de façon significative au risque de présenter un trouble du comportement alimentaire chez les étudiants. Conclusion nos résultats sont en accord avec les données de la littérature concernant la fréquence des troubles du comportement alimentaire en population étudiante et plus spécifiquement les étudiants en médecine. Mener d´autres études sur une population plus variée pourraient également être envisagées afin d´avoir une vision plus globale de la situation au Maroc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Attouche
- Laboratoire des Neurosciences Cliniques et Santé Mentale, Centre Psychiatrique Universitaire de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Soukaina Hafdi
- Laboratoire des Neurosciences Cliniques et Santé Mentale, Centre Psychiatrique Universitaire de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Rkia Somali
- Laboratoire des Neurosciences Cliniques et Santé Mentale, Centre Psychiatrique Universitaire de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Omar Battas
- Laboratoire des Neurosciences Cliniques et Santé Mentale, Centre Psychiatrique Universitaire de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Mohamed Agoub
- Laboratoire des Neurosciences Cliniques et Santé Mentale, Centre Psychiatrique Universitaire de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
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Linardon J, Greenwood CJ, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Macdonald JA, Spry E, Hutchinson DM, Youssef GJ, Sanson A, Wertheim EH, McIntosh JE, Le Grange D, Letcher P, Olsson CA. Young adult mental health sequelae of eating and body image disturbances in adolescence. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:1680-1688. [PMID: 34240437 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There has been interest in the antecedents and mental health impacts of eating and body image disturbances in adolescence. Less is known about longer-term mental health impacts into young adulthood, as longitudinal studies with data spanning this developmental period are rare. We capitalize on mental health data collected across adolescence and young adulthood from a population-based cohort study that has been following >2000 Australian children and their families from infancy to young adulthood. METHOD This sample comprised 1,568 participants who completed the Eating Disorder Inventory drive for thinness and bulimic behavior (the severity of binge-purge patterns) subscales, and a modified version of the body dissatisfaction subscale in mid-adolescence (15-16 years), or the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in young adulthood (19-20, 23-24, and 27-28 years). RESULTS After adjusting for baseline demographic and prior mental health factors (<13 years of age), all three indices of eating and body image disturbances in adolescence predicted each mental health outcome in young adulthood. Mental health risks associated with adolescent body dissatisfaction and bulimic behavior scores remained stable across young adulthood, with men having more pronounced problems associated with bulimic behavior scores than women. In contrast, mental health risks associated with adolescent drive for thinness scores diminished across this period similarly for men and women. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that adolescent eating and body image disturbances may have long-term mental health impacts that extend into young adulthood. This underscores the need for early preventative intervention, and longer-term monitoring and support for body image and eating disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Linardon
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher J Greenwood
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqui A Macdonald
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Spry
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Delyse M Hutchinson
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - George J Youssef
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ann Sanson
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eleanor H Wertheim
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer E McIntosh
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eating Disorders Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Primrose Letcher
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Lange M, Löwe A, Stassen G, Schaller A. Health literacy, health status and health behaviors of German students- study protocol for the "Healthy Habits" cohort study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1523. [PMID: 34362337 PMCID: PMC8344330 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11542-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emerging adulthood is traditionally viewed as a time of optimal health, but also as a critical life span, characterized by changing life circumstances and the establishment of an individual lifestyle. Especially university life seems to hold several challenges impeding the manifestation of a health supporting manner, as many students tend to show a poorer health behavior and a higher amount of health-related problems than comparable age groups. This, along with a steady growth of the higher education sector, brings increased attention to the university setting in the context of prevention. To date, there are few empirical longitudinal and coherent cross-sectional data on the status of students' health literacy, health status, and health behaviors, and on the impact of the study format on students' health. The aim of this prospective cohort study is to reduce this research gap. METHODS Starting during winter semester 2020/21, the prospective cohort study collects data on health literacy, health status and health behavior on a semester-by-semester basis. All enrolled students of the IST University of Applied Sciences, regardless of study format and discipline, can participate in the study at the beginning of their first semester. The data are collected digitally via a specifically programmed app. A total of 103 items assess the subjectively perceived health status, life and study satisfaction, sleep quality, perceived stress, physical activity, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, drug addiction and health literacy. Statistical analysis uses (1) multivariate methods to look at changes within the three health dimensions over time and (2) the association between the three health dimensions using multiple regression methods and correlations. DISCUSSION This cohort study collects comprehensive health data from students on the course of study. It is assumed that gathered data will provide information on how the state of health develops over the study period. Also, different degrees of correlations of health behavior and health literacy will reveal different impacts on the state of students' health. Furthermore, this study will contribute to empirically justified development of target group-specific interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00023397 (registered on October 26, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lange
- Department of Fitness and Health, IST University of Applied Sciences, Erkrather Straße 220 a-c, 40233, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Löwe
- Department of Fitness and Health, IST University of Applied Sciences, Erkrather Straße 220 a-c, 40233, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerrit Stassen
- Working Group Physical Activity-Related Prevention Research, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Schaller
- Working Group Physical Activity-Related Prevention Research, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
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Selbstwertförderung in der universellen Prävention von Essstörungen. PSYCHOTHERAPEUT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00278-021-00515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Stice E, Onipede ZA, Marti CN. A meta-analytic review of trials that tested whether eating disorder prevention programs prevent eating disorder onset. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 87:102046. [PMID: 34048952 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This report provides a review of randomized controlled trials that tested whether an eating disorder prevention program significantly reduced future onset of eating disorders, which is important because eating disorders are common and result in marked functional impairment. We identified 15 trials involving 5080 participants (mean ages ranging from 14.5 to 22.3) that reported 19 tests of whether selective eating disorder prevention programs significantly reduced future onset of eating disorders relative to some type of minimal control condition or a credible alternative intervention. Healthy lifestyle modification prevention programs, dissonance-based prevention programs, and a self-esteem/self-efficacy prevention program significantly reduced future onset of eating disorders, though the later was only evaluated in one trial. Psychoeducational, cognitive behavioral, behavioral weight gain, interpersonal, and family-therapy-based prevention programs did not significantly reduce future onset of eating disorders. The average prevention effect size was statistically significant (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = [1.09, 2.46], t = 2.54, p = .020) and there was heterogeneity in effect sizes (Q [18] = 35.96, p = .007). Prevention effects were significantly larger for trials that recruited participants with elevations on a single risk factor versus with elevations in multiple risk factors and for healthy lifestyle modification prevention programs versus cognitive behavioral prevention programs, though the remaining examined factors did not moderate intervention effect sizes (e.g., risk of bias). The fact that lifestyle modification and dissonance-based prevention programs significantly reduced future onset of eating disorders in multiple trials, producing a 54% to 77% reduction in future eating disorder onset implies that broadly implementing these prevention programs could reduce the population prevalence of eating disorders.
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Sundgot-Borgen C, Sundgot-Borgen J, Bratland-Sanda S, Kolle E, Torstveit MK, Svantorp-Tveiten KME, Mathisen TF. Body appreciation and body appearance pressure in Norwegian university students comparing exercise science students and other students. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:532. [PMID: 33740918 PMCID: PMC7977603 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body image is considered a core issue for public health and associates with university students' overall health. Due to positive associations between exercise and body image, it has been suggested that students within an exercise science program might be more body appreciative compared to other students. On the other hand, the strong societal idealization of the athletic body may expose them to a pressure of having a specific body appearance, which may result in unfavorable health consequences. Nevertheless, studies investigating these hypotheses are lacking. We therefore aimed to explore the level and associations of body appreciation, body appearance pressure, body image related mental health constructs, physical activity, and exercise, in Norwegian university exercise science and non-health reference students. METHOD Male and female exercise science students (n = 517) and reference students (n = 476), from nine large universities in Norway took part in this cross-sectional study. Participants responded to the Body appreciation scale-2, a self-developed questionnaire on body appearance pressure, Physical Appearance Comparison Scale-Revised, Sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire-4R, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and questions about physical activity and exercise. Between group differences were analyzed using student independent t-test and ANCOVA for parametric data and Chi-square test for categorical data, and associations were evaluated by Person's correlation. P-values ≤0.05 were defined as significant. RESULTS Female exercise science students had higher scores on body appreciation compared to reference students. No group difference was found in males. A high percentage of students reported experiencing body appearance pressure, with 69 and 85% among male and female exercise science students, and 57 and 83% among male and female reference students. Fitness centers were the settings where most respondents experienced body appearance pressure. Body appreciation was strongly associated with favorable scores on body image related mental health constructs, while personally experienced body appearance pressure associated with destructive scores on the same constructs. CONCLUSION Body appearance pressure is an issue among university students regardless of study program. Actions to promote body appreciation and prevent body appearance pressure may include an implementation of media literacy, body functionality, and exercise as topics within the education program to safeguard students' health and well-being. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY No. NCT04256967 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sundgot-Borgen
- grid.412285.80000 0000 8567 2092Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Sognsveien 220, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Postbox 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen
- grid.412285.80000 0000 8567 2092Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Sognsveien 220, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Solfrid Bratland-Sanda
- Department of Sports, Physical Education and Outdoor Studies, University of Southeast Norway, P.O. Box 235, N-3603 Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- grid.412285.80000 0000 8567 2092Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Sognsveien 220, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica Klungland Torstveit
- grid.23048.3d0000 0004 0417 6230University of Agder, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Postbox 422, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Kethe M. E. Svantorp-Tveiten
- grid.412285.80000 0000 8567 2092Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Sognsveien 220, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Therese Fostervold Mathisen
- grid.446040.20000 0001 1940 9648Østfold University College, Department of Health and Welfare, PO 700, 1757 Halden, Norway
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Almeida M, Brown TA, Campos PF, Amaral ACS, de Carvalho PHB. Dissonance-based eating disorder prevention delivered in-person after an online training: A randomized controlled trial for Brazilian men with body dissatisfaction. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:293-304. [PMID: 33275811 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few prevention programs have been developed and empirically evaluated to address eating disorder (ED) and muscle dysmorphia (MD) symptoms in men. Furthermore, new strategies for the broad implementation of available programs are needed. We investigated the acceptability and efficacy of a dissonance-based (DB) intervention for Brazilian undergraduate men with body dissatisfaction to target risk and protective factors for ED and MD symptoms (the Body Project: More Than Muscles) after an online training for facilitators. METHOD Participants were randomized to a two-session DB-intervention (n = 89) or assessment-only control (AOC) (n = 91), and completed validated measures assessing ED and MD risk and protective factors pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at 4- and 24-week follow-up post-intervention. RESULTS Acceptability ratings were highly favorable. Regarding efficacy, the DB condition demonstrated significantly greater decreases in ED and MD risk factors compared to AOC from pre-intervention to 4-week (p-values <.05, between-condition Cohen's d = 0.35-1.10) and 24-week follow-up (p-values <.05, between-condition Cohen's d = 0.33-0.78). Results at post-intervention were not significant, with the exception that body appreciation showed significantly greater improvements in the DB condition (post-intervention: p < .01, between-condition Cohen's d = 0.40; 4-week: p < .001, between-condition Cohen's d = 0.80; and 24-week follow-up: p < .001, between-condition Cohen's d = 0.58). DISCUSSION Results support the acceptability and efficacy of a DB-intervention delivered in-person after an online training for facilitators up to 24-week follow-up in Brazilian men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Almeida
- NICTA, Body Image and Eating Disorder Research Group, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Tiffany A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.,San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Priscila Figueiredo Campos
- NICTA, Body Image and Eating Disorder Research Group, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Soares Amaral
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Southeast of Minas Gerais - Campus Barbacena, Barbacena, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Berbert de Carvalho
- NICTA, Body Image and Eating Disorder Research Group, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil.,AMBULIM, Eating Disorders Program, Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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The Prevalence of Mental Health Conditions Among High School and Collegiate Student-Athletes: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SPORT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1123/jcsp.2020-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The physical impacts of overtraining, sport specification, and burnout are well documented in the literature; however, the state of the student-athlete’s (SA’s) mental health is something that needs to be investigated more comprehensively. Literature on SA mental health has gained prevalence within the last 5 years. The combination of pressure from sport and academics, as well as the stigmatization of clinical mental health treatment, can have a significant effect on the SA’s psyche. This review explores the prevalence of mental health conditions (MHCs) in high school and collegiate SAs. This includes signs and symptoms of mental health diagnoses to include substance- and alcohol-related addictive disorders and risk factors of such. A systematic review of the CINAHL, ERIC, SPORTDiscus, APA PsycINFO, and Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine resource databases was conducted. The initial search yielded 855 results. Following double screening, 22 studies were included, all of which were deemed medium to high quality. The findings indicate an alarming presence of MHCs ranging from risk factors of alcohol use and major depressive disorders among SAs. There was a high prevalence of mental health issues among SAs who are Black, Indigenous, people of color (BIPOC), and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer (LGBTQ). In most cases, participation in competitive athletics (varsity) did not contribute to additional MHCs for SAs. Sport psychologists should play a role in mental health programming within athletic departments. Athletic departments should develop proactive, targeted strategies to address MHCs for SAs.
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Kohls E, Baldofski S, Moeller R, Klemm SL, Rummel-Kluge C. Mental Health, Social and Emotional Well-Being, and Perceived Burdens of University Students During COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Germany. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:643957. [PMID: 33889102 PMCID: PMC8055863 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.643957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been affecting everyone's daily life in unknown measures since its outbreak. Nearly all Universities around the globe were affected. Further, young people and University students in particular, are known to be vulnerable for developing mental disorders. This study aims to examine the mental health social and emotional well-being and perceived burdens of University students during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Germany. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and anonymous online survey among University students assessed mental health status with standardized measures (depressive symptoms, alcohol and drug consumption, and eating disorder symptoms), attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic and perceived burdens, and social and emotional aspects of the pandemic (social support, perceived stress, loneliness, and self-efficacy). Results: In total, N = 3,382 German University students participated. Nearly half of the students (49%) reported that they are worried or very much worried about the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority supports the governmental lockdown measures (85%). A Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) sum score of 10 or above, indicating clinically relevant depressive symptoms, was reported by 37% (n = 1,249). The PHQ-9 sum score was on average 8.66 (SD = 5.46). Suicidal thoughts were indicated by 14.5% of the participants. Levels of depressive symptoms differed significantly for the different self-rated income changes during the pandemic (increase, decrease, no change in income). Further, levels of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation differed significantly for students from different faculties. Multiple regression analyses revealed that not being a parent, having no indirect social contact one or two times a week, higher perceived stress, higher experienced loneliness, lower social support, and lower self-efficacy significantly predicted higher scores of depressive symptoms, also higher hazardous alcohol use, and higher levels of eating disorder symptoms. Other aspects of lifestyle such as social and cultural activities, dating, and hobbies were reported to be negatively affected during the pandemic. Conclusion: The present study implies that University students are vulnerable and due to elevated depressive symptoms at risk, being hit hard by the pandemic, but are in general coping adaptively. Low-threshold online interventions promoting help-seeking and also targeting various mental health conditions might bridge the gap the COVID-19 pandemic opened up recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kohls
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabrina Baldofski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Raiko Moeller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah-Lena Klemm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Rummel-Kluge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Webb H, Schmidt U. Facilitators and barriers to supporting young people with eating disorders during their transition to, and time at, university: An exploration of clinicians' perspectives. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2020; 29:443-457. [PMID: 33044033 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders (EDs) are common in student populations and present formidable challenges as to how best to treat and support these young people, especially at points of transition. Yet research exploring these challenges is lacking, particularly from the perspective of those providing treatment and support. METHODS A qualitative design was used to explore clinicians' perspectives of supporting students with EDs. Twelve clinicians from a large ED service in the United Kingdom participated in one-to-one semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Facilitators and barriers to supporting students with EDs fell into four overarching themes: Health System, University, Patient and Carer Factors. Reported facilitators were; ED service awareness, flexibility and resources, university as a motivator, and carer support. Reported barriers were; poor links and communication between institutions, the primary care system, poor university provision for and awareness of EDs, young people's denial and ambivalence, inconsistent implementation of guidelines, and carer anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The findings revealed challenges unique to the university transition, including the need for more collaborative working between healthcare and education institutions, improved training of non-specialised ED professionals, and the benefits of a flexible, adapted ED treatment approach specifically tailored to the unique needs of students with EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Webb
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.,Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
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Eating Disorders among College Students in France: Characteristics, Help-and Care-Seeking. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165914. [PMID: 32824038 PMCID: PMC7460404 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to identify the characteristics of broader categories of eating disorders (ED) and help- and care-seeking among college students. An online cross-sectional study was conducted among students of the University of Rouen-Normandy, France. The Expali-validated algorithmic tool, combining SCOFF test (Sick, Control, One stone, Fat, Food) and body mass index, was used to screen eating disorders into three diagnostic categories: restrictive eating disorders, bulimic eating disorders, and hyperphagic eating disorders. A total of 1493 college students were included; mean age was 20.1 years (SD = 1.9). The prevalence of likely cases of eating disorder was 24.8% (95% CI, 22.6-27.0). Percentage distributions of bulimic eating disorders, hyperphagic eating disorders, and restrictive eating disorders were 13.3%, 8.6%, and 2.9%, respectively. The two main resources for help-seeking in emotional stress situations were friends and family, whatever the ED. Students with eating disorders consulted their general practitioner more often for stress or anxiety than students without eating disorders: hyperphagic eating disorders (44.9%), restrictive eating disorders (35.1%), bulimic eating disorders (30.2%), and no eating disorder (20.4%) (p < 0.0001). The prevalence of healthcare renunciation was 21.9%, with a higher risk among students with bulimic eating disorders (AOR CI 95% 1.91 (1.34-2.72). The findings show one quarter of students screened positive for an eating disorder. Stress management was not necessarily different between students with eating disorders and students without eating disorders, but the former had a greater risk of renouncing treatment, especially related to a fear of seeing a general practitioner.
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