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Voogd L, van Wolfswinkel M, Satti I, White AD, Dijkman K, Gela A, van Meijgaarden KE, Franken KLMC, Marshall JL, Ottenhoff THM, Scriba TJ, McShane H, Sharpe SA, Verreck FAW, Joosten SA. Mtb specific HLA-E restricted T cells are induced during Mtb infection but not after BCG administration in non-human primates and humans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.26.609630. [PMID: 39253433 PMCID: PMC11383316 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.26.609630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Novel vaccines targeting the world's deadliest pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are urgently needed as the efficacy of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in its current use is limited. HLA-E is a virtually monomorphic unconventional antigen presentation molecule and HLA-E restricted Mtb specific CD8+ T cells can control intracellular Mtb growth, making HLA-E a promising vaccine target for Mtb. In this study, we evaluated the frequency and phenotype of HLA-E restricted Mtb specific CD4+/CD8+ T cells in the circulation and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of two independent non-human primate (NHP) studies and from humans receiving BCG either intradermally or mucosally. BCG vaccination followed by Mtb challenge in NHPs did not affect the frequency of circulating and local HLA-E/Mtb CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and we saw the same in humans receiving BCG. HLA-E/Mtb T cell frequencies were significantly increased after Mtb challenge in unvaccinated NHPs, which was correlated with higher TB pathology. Together, HLA-E/Mtb restricted T cells are minimally induced by BCG in humans and rhesus macaques (RMs) but can be elicited after Mtb infection in unvaccinated RMs. These results give new insights into targeting HLA-E as a potential immune mechanism against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Voogd
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Wolfswinkel
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Iman Satti
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (UK)
| | | | - Karin Dijkman
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Anele Gela
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Krista E van Meijgaarden
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kees L M C Franken
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Julia L Marshall
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Helen McShane
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (UK)
| | | | | | - Simone A Joosten
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Harwood OE, Matschke LM, Moriarty RV, Balgeman AJ, Weaver AJ, Ellis-Connell AL, Weiler AM, Winchester LC, Fletcher CV, Friedrich TC, Keele BF, O’Connor DH, Lang JD, Reynolds MR, O’Connor SL. CD8+ cells and small viral reservoirs facilitate post-ART control of SIV replication in M3+ Mauritian cynomolgus macaques initiated on ART two weeks post-infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011676. [PMID: 37747933 PMCID: PMC10553806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable HIV remission after antiretroviral therapy (ART) withdrawal, or post-treatment control (PTC), remains a top priority for HIV treatment. We observed surprising PTC in an MHC-haplomatched cohort of MHC-M3+ SIVmac239+ Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCMs) initiated on ART at two weeks post-infection (wpi). None of the MCMs possessed MHC haplotypes previously associated with SIV control. For six months after ART withdrawal, we observed undetectable or transient viremia in seven of the eight MCMs, despite detecting replication competent SIV using quantitative viral outgrowth assays. In vivo depletion of CD8α+ cells induced rebound in all animals, indicating the observed PTC was mediated, at least in part, by CD8α+ cells. With intact proviral DNA assays, we found that MCMs had significantly smaller viral reservoirs two wpi than a cohort of identically infected rhesus macaques, a population that rarely develops PTC. We found a similarly small viral reservoir among six additional SIV+ MCMs in which ART was initiated at eight wpi, some of whom exhibited viral rebound. These results suggest that an unusually small viral reservoir is a hallmark among SIV+ MCMs. By evaluating immunological differences between MCMs that did and did not rebound, we identified that PTC was associated with a reduced frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subsets expressing exhaustion markers. Together, these results suggest a combination of small reservoirs and immune-mediated virus suppression contribute to PTC in MCMs. Further, defining the immunologic mechanisms that engender PTC in this model may identify therapeutic targets for inducing durable HIV remission in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia E. Harwood
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Lea M. Matschke
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ryan V. Moriarty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alexis J. Balgeman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Abigail J. Weaver
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Amy L. Ellis-Connell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrea M. Weiler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Lee C. Winchester
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Courtney V. Fletcher
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Brandon F. Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David H. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jessica D. Lang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Reynolds
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shelby L. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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3
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He W, Gea-Mallorquí E, Colin-York H, Fritzsche M, Gillespie GM, Brackenridge S, Borrow P, McMichael AJ. Intracellular trafficking of HLA-E and its regulation. J Exp Med 2023; 220:214089. [PMID: 37140910 PMCID: PMC10165540 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in MHC-E-restricted CD8+ T cell responses has been aroused by the discovery of their efficacy in controlling simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in a vaccine model. The development of vaccines and immunotherapies utilizing human MHC-E (HLA-E)-restricted CD8+ T cell response requires an understanding of the pathway(s) of HLA-E transport and antigen presentation, which have not been clearly defined previously. We show here that, unlike classical HLA class I, which rapidly exits the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) after synthesis, HLA-E is largely retained because of a limited supply of high-affinity peptides, with further fine-tuning by its cytoplasmic tail. Once at the cell surface, HLA-E is unstable and is rapidly internalized. The cytoplasmic tail plays a crucial role in facilitating HLA-E internalization, which results in its enrichment in late and recycling endosomes. Our data reveal distinctive transport patterns and delicate regulatory mechanisms of HLA-E, which help to explain its unusual immunological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin He
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Center for Immuno-Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ester Gea-Mallorquí
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Center for Immuno-Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Huw Colin-York
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK
| | - Geraldine M Gillespie
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Center for Immuno-Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Brackenridge
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Center for Immuno-Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Persephone Borrow
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Center for Immuno-Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J McMichael
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Center for Immuno-Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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4
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Jing Y, Zhang S, Wang H. DapNet-HLA: Adaptive dual-attention mechanism network based on deep learning to predict non-classical HLA binding sites. Anal Biochem 2023; 666:115075. [PMID: 36740003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) plays a vital role in immunomodulatory function. Studies have shown that immunotherapy based on non-classical HLA has essential applications in cancer, COVID-19, and allergic diseases. However, there are few deep learning methods to predict non-classical HLA alleles. In this work, an adaptive dual-attention network named DapNet-HLA is established based on existing datasets. Firstly, amino acid sequences are transformed into digital vectors by looking up the table. To overcome the feature sparsity problem caused by unique one-hot encoding, the fused word embedding method is used to map each amino acid to a low-dimensional word vector optimized with the training of the classifier. Then, we use the GCB (group convolution block), SENet attention (squeeze-and-excitation networks), BiLSTM (bidirectional long short-term memory network), and Bahdanau attention mechanism to construct the classifier. The use of SENet can make the weight of the effective feature map high, so that the model can be trained to achieve better results. Attention mechanism is an Encoder-Decoder model used to improve the effectiveness of RNN, LSTM or GRU (gated recurrent neural network). The ablation experiment shows that DapNet-HLA has the best adaptability for five datasets. On the five test datasets, the ACC index and MCC index of DapNet-HLA are 4.89% and 0.0933 higher than the comparison method, respectively. According to the ROC curve and PR curve verified by the 5-fold cross-validation, the AUC value of each fold has a slight fluctuation, which proves the robustness of the DapNet-HLA. The codes and datasets are accessible at https://github.com/JYY625/DapNet-HLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jing
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, PR China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, PR China.
| | - Houqiang Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, PR China
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5
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Harwood OE, Matschke LM, Moriarty RV, Balgeman AJ, Weaver AJ, Ellis-Connell AL, Weiler AM, Winchester LC, Fletcher CV, Friedrich TC, Keele BF, O'Connor DH, Lang JD, Reynolds MR, O'Connor SL. CD8+ cells and small viral reservoirs facilitate post-ART control of SIV in Mauritian cynomolgus macaques. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.01.530655. [PMID: 36909458 PMCID: PMC10002716 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.01.530655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable HIV remission after antiretroviral therapy (ART) withdrawal, or post-treatment control (PTC), remains a top priority for HIV treatment. We observed surprising PTC in an MHC-haplomatched cohort of MHC-M3+ SIVmac239+ Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCMs) initiated on ART at two weeks post-infection (wpi). For six months after ART withdrawal, we observed undetectable or transient viremia in seven of eight MCMs. In vivo depletion of CD8α+ cells induced rebound in all animals, indicating the PTC was mediated, at least in part, by CD8α+ cells. We found that MCMs had smaller acute viral reservoirs than a cohort of identically infected rhesus macaques, a population that rarely develops PTC. The mechanisms by which unusually small viral reservoirs and CD8α+ cell-mediated virus suppression enable PTC can be investigated using this MHC-haplomatched MCM model. Further, defining the immunologic mechanisms that engender PTC in this model may identify therapeutic targets for inducing durable HIV remission in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia E Harwood
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
| | - Lea M Matschke
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
| | - Ryan V Moriarty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
| | - Alexis J Balgeman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
| | - Abigail J Weaver
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
| | - Amy L Ellis-Connell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
| | - Andrea M Weiler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, 53711
| | - Lee C Winchester
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | | | - Thomas C Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, 53711
| | - Brandon F Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701
| | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, 53711
| | - Jessica D Lang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
- Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
| | - Matthew R Reynolds
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, 53711
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, 53711
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6
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Suzuki Y, Lutshumba J, Chen KC, Abdelaziz MH, Sa Q, Ochiai E. IFN-γ production by brain-resident cells activates cerebral mRNA expression of a wide spectrum of molecules critical for both innate and T cell-mediated protective immunity to control reactivation of chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1110508. [PMID: 36875520 PMCID: PMC9975934 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1110508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that brain-resident cells produce IFN-γ in response to reactivation of cerebral infection with Toxoplasma gondii. To obtain an overall landscape view of the effects of IFN-γ from brain-resident cells on the cerebral protective immunity, in the present study we employed NanoString nCounter assay and quantified mRNA levels for 734 genes in myeloid immunity in the brains of T and B cell-deficient, bone marrow chimeric mice with and without IFN-γ production by brain-resident cells in response to reactivation of cerebral T. gondii infection. Our study revealed that IFN-γ produced by brain-resident cells amplified mRNA expression for the molecules to activate the protective innate immunity including 1) chemokines for recruitment of microglia and macrophages (CCL8 and CXCL12) and 2) the molecules for activating those phagocytes (IL-18, TLRs, NOD1, and CD40) for killing tachyzoites. Importantly, IFN-γ produced by brain-resident cells also upregulated cerebral expression of molecules for facilitating the protective T cell immunity, which include the molecules for 1) recruiting effector T cells (CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11), 2) antigen processing (PA28αβ, LMP2, and LMP7), transporting the processed peptides (TAP1 and TAP2), assembling the transported peptides to the MHC class I molecules (Tapasin), and the MHC class I (H2-K1 and H2-D1) and Ib molecules (H2-Q1, H-2Q2, and H2-M3) for presenting antigens to activate the recruited CD8+ T cells, 3) MHC class II molecules (H2-Aa, H2-Ab1, H2-Eb1, H2-Ea-ps, H2-DMa, H2-Ob, and CD74) to present antigens for CD4+ T cell activation, 4) co-stimulatory molecules (ICOSL) for T cell activation, and 5) cytokines (IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18) facilitating IFN-γ production by NK and T cells. Notably, the present study also revealed that IFN-γ production by brain-resident cells also upregulates cerebral expressions of mRNA for the downregulatory molecules (IL-10, STAT3, SOCS1, CD274 [PD-L1], IL-27, and CD36), which can prevent overly stimulated IFN-γ-mediated pro-inflammatory responses and tissue damages. Thus, the present study uncovered the previously unrecognized the capability of IFN-γ production by brain-resident cells to upregulate expressions of a wide spectrum of molecules for coordinating both innate and T cell-mediated protective immunity with a fine-tuning regulation system to effectively control cerebral infection with T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
- *Correspondence: Yasuhiro Suzuki,
| | - Jenny Lutshumba
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Kuey Chu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
- Genomics Core Laboratory, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Mohamed H. Abdelaziz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Qila Sa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Eri Ochiai
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
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7
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Dhall A, Patiyal S, Raghava GPS. HLAncPred: a method for predicting promiscuous non-classical HLA binding sites. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6587168. [PMID: 35580839 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) regulate various innate and adaptive immune responses and play a crucial immunomodulatory role. Recent studies revealed that non-classical HLA-(HLA-E & HLA-G) based immunotherapies have many advantages over traditional HLA-based immunotherapy, particularly against cancer and COVID-19 infection. In the last two decades, several methods have been developed to predict the binders of classical HLA alleles. In contrast, limited attempts have been made to develop methods for predicting non-classical HLA binding peptides, due to the scarcity of sufficient experimental data. Of note, in order to facilitate the scientific community, we have developed an artificial intelligence-based method for predicting binders of class-Ib HLA alleles. All the models were trained and tested on experimentally validated data obtained from the recent release of IEDB. The machine learning models achieved more than 0.98 AUC for HLA-G alleles on validation dataset. Similarly, our models achieved the highest AUC of 0.96 and 0.94 on the validation dataset for HLA-E*01:01 and HLA-E*01:03, respectively. We have summarized the models developed in the past for non-classical HLA and validated the performance with the models developed in this study. Moreover, to facilitate the community, we have utilized our tool for predicting the potential non-classical HLA binding peptides in the spike protein of different variants of virus causing COVID-19, including Omicron (B.1.1.529). One of the major challenges in the field of immunotherapy is to identify the promiscuous binders or antigenic regions that can bind to a large number of HLA alleles. To predict the promiscuous binders for the non-classical HLA alleles, we developed a web server HLAncPred (https://webs.iiitd.edu.in/raghava/hlancpred) and standalone package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Dhall
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Phase 3, New Delhi-110020, India
| | - Sumeet Patiyal
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Phase 3, New Delhi-110020, India
| | - Gajendra P S Raghava
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Phase 3, New Delhi-110020, India
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8
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Tarantal AF, Hartigan-O'Connor DJ, Noctor SC. Translational Utility of the Nonhuman Primate Model. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:491-497. [PMID: 35283343 PMCID: PMC9576492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates are essential for the study of human disease and to explore the safety of new diagnostics and therapies proposed for human use. They share similar genetic, physiologic, immunologic, reproductive, and developmental features with humans and thus have proven crucial for the study of embryonic/fetal development, organ system ontogeny, and the role of the maternal-placental-fetal interface in health and disease. The fetus may be exposed to a variety of inflammatory stimuli including infectious microbes as well as maternal inflammation, which can result from infections, obesity, or environmental exposures. Growing evidence supports that inflammation is a mediator of fetal programming and that the maternal immune system is tightly integrated with fetal-placental immune responses that may set a postnatal path for future health or disease. This review addresses some of the unique features of the nonhuman primate model system, specifically the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), and importance of the species for studies focused on organ system ontogeny and the impact of viral teratogens in relation to development and congenital disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice F Tarantal
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California; Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California; California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California.
| | - Dennis J Hartigan-O'Connor
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California; California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Stephen C Noctor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California; Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California
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9
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Xu H, Zhu Z, Hu J, Sun J, Wo Y, Wang X, Zou H, Li B, Zhang Y. Downregulated cytotoxic CD8 + T-cell identifies with the NKG2A-soluble HLA-E axis as a predictive biomarker and potential therapeutic target in keloids. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:527-539. [PMID: 35039632 PMCID: PMC8975835 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Keloids are an abnormal fibroproliferative wound-healing disease with a poorly understood pathogenesis, making it difficult to predict and prevent this disease in clinical settings. Identifying disease-specific signatures at the molecular and cellular levels in both the blood circulation and primary lesions is urgently needed to develop novel biomarkers for risk assessment and therapeutic targets for recurrence-free treatment. There is mounting evidence of immune cell dysregulation in keloid scarring. In this study, we aimed to profile keloid scar tissues and blood cells and found that downregulation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells is a keloid signature in the peripheral blood and keloid lesions. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that the NKG2A/CD94 complex was specifically upregulated, which might contribute to the significant reduction in CTLs within the scar tissue boundary. In addition, the NKG2A/CD94 complex was associated with high serum levels of soluble human leukocyte antigen-E (sHLA-E). We subsequently measured sHLA-E in our hospital-based study cohort, consisting of 104 keloid patients, 512 healthy donors, and 100 patients with an interfering disease. The sensitivity and specificity of sHLA-E were 83.69% (87/104) and 92.16% (564/612), respectively, and hypertrophic scars and other unrelated diseases exhibited minimal interference with the test results. Furthermore, intralesional therapy with triamcinolone combined with 5-fluorouracil drastically decreased the sHLA-E levels in keloid patients with better prognostic outcomes, while an incomplete reduction in the sHLA-E levels in patient serum was associated with higher recurrence. sHLA-E may effectively serve as a diagnostic marker for assessing the risk of keloid formation and a prognostic marker for the clinical outcomes of intralesional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jiawei Sun
- Genekinder Medicaltech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wo
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianshu Wang
- Creative Biosciences (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongzhi Zou
- Creative Biosciences (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Bansal A, Gehre MN, Qin K, Sterrett S, Ali A, Dang Y, Abraham S, Costanzo MC, Venegas LA, Tang J, Manjunath N, Brockman MA, Yang OO, Kan-Mitchell J, Goepfert PA. HLA-E-restricted HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cell responses in natural infection. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:148979. [PMID: 34228645 PMCID: PMC8363272 DOI: 10.1172/jci148979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell responses restricted by MHC-E, a nonclassical MHC molecule, have been associated with protection in an SIV/rhesus macaque model. The biological relevance of HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T cell responses in HIV infection, however, remains unknown. In this study, CD8+ T cells responding to HIV-1 Gag peptides presented by HLA-E were analyzed. Using in vitro assays, we observed HLA-E-restricted T cell responses to what we believe to be a newly identified subdominant Gag-KL9 as well as a well-described immunodominant Gag-KF11 epitope in T cell lines derived from chronically HIV-infected patients and also primed from healthy donors. Blocking of the HLA-E/KF11 binding by the B7 signal peptide resulted in decreased CD8+ T cell responses. KF11 presented via HLA-E in HIV-infected cells was recognized by antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Importantly, bulk CD8+ T cells obtained from HIV-infected individuals recognized infected cells via HLA-E presentation. Ex vivo analyses at the epitope level showed a higher responder frequency of HLA-E-restricted responses to KF11 compared with KL9. Taken together, our findings of HLA-E-restricted HIV-specific immune responses offer intriguing and possibly paradigm-shifting insights into factors that contribute to the immunodominance of CD8+ T cell responses in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Bansal
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mika N. Gehre
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Kai Qin
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sarah Sterrett
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ayub Ali
- Department of Medicine and AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ying Dang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Sojan Abraham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Margaret C. Costanzo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Leon A. Venegas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Jianming Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - N. Manjunath
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | | | - Otto O. Yang
- Department of Medicine and AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - June Kan-Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Paul A. Goepfert
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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11
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Méndez-Lagares G, Chin N, Chang WW, Lee J, Rosás-Umbert M, Kieu HT, Merriam D, Lu W, Kim S, Adamson L, Brander C, Luciw PA, Barry PA, Hartigan-O’Connor DJ. Cytomegalovirus mediates expansion of IL-15-responsive innate-memory cells with SIV killing function. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:148542. [PMID: 34153005 PMCID: PMC8321572 DOI: 10.1172/jci148542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interindividual immune variability is driven predominantly by environmental factors, including exposure to chronic infectious agents such as cytomegalovirus (CMV). We investigated the effects of rhesus CMV (RhCMV) on composition and function of the immune system in young macaques. Within months of infection, RhCMV was associated with impressive changes in antigen presenting cells, T cells, and NK cells-and marked expansion of innate-memory CD8+ T cells. These cells express high levels of NKG2A/C and the IL-2 and IL-15 receptor beta chain, CD122. IL-15 was sufficient to drive differentiation of the cells in vitro and in vivo. Expanded NKG2A/C+CD122+CD8+ T cells in RhCMV-infected macaques, but not their NKG2-negative counterparts, were endowed with cytotoxicity against class I-deficient K562 targets and prompt IFN-γ production in response to stimulation with IL-12 and IL-18. Because RhCMV clone 68-1 forms the viral backbone of RhCMV-vectored SIV vaccines, we also investigated immune changes following administration of RhCMV 68-1-vectored SIV vaccines. These vaccines led to impressive expansion of NKG2A/C+CD8+ T cells with capacity to inhibit SIV replication ex vivo. Thus, CMV infection and CMV-vectored vaccination drive expansion of functional innate-like CD8 cells via host IL-15 production, suggesting that innate-memory expansion could be achieved by other vaccine platforms expressing IL-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Méndez-Lagares
- California National Primate Research Center
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Ning Chin
- California National Primate Research Center
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - W.L. William Chang
- California National Primate Research Center
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Graduate Group in Immunology, and
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Hung T. Kieu
- California National Primate Research Center
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - David Merriam
- California National Primate Research Center
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Wenze Lu
- California National Primate Research Center
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lourdes Adamson
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Christian Brander
- IrsiCaixa - AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Vic, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul A. Luciw
- California National Primate Research Center
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Peter A. Barry
- California National Primate Research Center
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Dennis J. Hartigan-O’Connor
- California National Primate Research Center
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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12
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Mayassi T, Barreiro LB, Rossjohn J, Jabri B. A multilayered immune system through the lens of unconventional T cells. Nature 2021; 595:501-510. [PMID: 34290426 PMCID: PMC8514118 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The unconventional T cell compartment encompasses a variety of cell subsets that straddle the line between innate and adaptive immunity, often reside at mucosal surfaces and can recognize a wide range of non-polymorphic ligands. Recent advances have highlighted the role of unconventional T cells in tissue homeostasis and disease. In this Review, we recast unconventional T cell subsets according to the class of ligand that they recognize; their expression of semi-invariant or diverse T cell receptors; the structural features that underlie ligand recognition; their acquisition of effector functions in the thymus or periphery; and their distinct functional properties. Unconventional T cells follow specific selection rules and are poised to recognize self or evolutionarily conserved microbial antigens. We discuss these features from an evolutionary perspective to provide insights into the development and function of unconventional T cells. Finally, we elaborate on the functional redundancy of unconventional T cells and their relationship to subsets of innate and adaptive lymphoid cells, and propose that the unconventional T cell compartment has a critical role in our survival by expanding and complementing the role of the conventional T cell compartment in protective immunity, tissue healing and barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toufic Mayassi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Luis B. Barreiro
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Committee on Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bana Jabri
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to B.J.,
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13
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Kovalenko EI, Zvyagin IV, Streltsova MA, Mikelov AI, Erokhina SA, Telford WG, Sapozhnikov AM, Lebedev YB. Surface NKG2C Identifies Differentiated αβT-Cell Clones Expanded in Peripheral Blood. Front Immunol 2021; 11:613882. [PMID: 33664730 PMCID: PMC7921799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells that express CD56 in peripheral blood of healthy humans represent a heterogeneous and poorly studied subset. In this work, we analyzed this subset for NKG2C expression. In both CD56+ and CD56- subsets most of the NKG2C+ T cells had a phenotype of highly differentiated CD8+ TEMRA cells. The CD56+NKG2C+ T cells also expressed a number of NK cell receptors, such as NKG2D, CD16, KIR2DL2/DL3, and maturation marker CD57 more often than the CD56-NKG2C+CD3+ cells. TCR β-chain repertoire of the CD3+CD56+NKG2C+ cell fraction was limited by the prevalence of one or several clonotypes which can be found within the most abundant clonotypes in total or CD8+ T cell fraction TCRβ repertoire. Thus, NKG2C expression in highly differentiated CD56+ T cells was associated with the most expanded αβ T cell clones. NKG2C+ T cells produced almost no IFN-γ in response to stimulation with HCMV pp65-derived peptides. This may be partially due to the high content of CD45RA+CD57+ cells in the fraction. CD3+NKG2C+ cells showed signs of activation, and the frequency of this T-cell subset in HCMV-positive individuals was positively correlated with the frequency of NKG2C+ NK cells that may imply a coordinated in a certain extent development of the NKG2C+ T and NK cell subsets under HCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena I. Kovalenko
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Zvyagin
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A. Streltsova
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem I. Mikelov
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofya A. Erokhina
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - William G. Telford
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alexander M. Sapozhnikov
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury B. Lebedev
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Anderson CK, Reilly EC, Lee AY, Brossay L. Qa-1-Restricted CD8 + T Cells Can Compensate for the Absence of Conventional T Cells during Viral Infection. Cell Rep 2020; 27:537-548.e5. [PMID: 30970256 PMCID: PMC6472915 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of non-classical T cells during viral infection remains poorly understood. Using the well-established murine model of CMV infection (MCMV) and mice deficient in MHC class Ia molecules, we found that non-classical CD8+ T cells robustly expand after MCMV challenge, become highly activated effectors, and are capable of forming durable memory. Interestingly, although these cells are restricted by MHC class Ib molecules, they respond similarly to conventional T cells. Remarkably, when acting as the sole component of the adaptive immune response, non-classical CD8+ T cells are sufficient to protect against MCMV-induced lethality. We also demonstrate that the MHC class Ib molecule Qa-1 (encoded by H2-T23) restricts a large, and critical, portion of this population. These findings reveal a potential adaptation of the host immune response to compensate for viral evasion of classical T cell immunity. Anderson et al. describe a heterogenous population of non-classical CD8+ T cells responding to MCMV. Importantly, this population can protect mice from MCMV-induced lethality in the absence of other adaptive immune cells. Among the MHC class Ib-restricted CD8+ T cells responding, Qa-1-specific cells are required for protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney K Anderson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Emma C Reilly
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Angus Y Lee
- Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94702, USA
| | - Laurent Brossay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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15
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Grant EJ, Nguyen AT, Lobos CA, Szeto C, Chatzileontiadou DSM, Gras S. The unconventional role of HLA-E: The road less traveled. Mol Immunol 2020; 120:101-112. [PMID: 32113130 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Histocompatibility Leukocyte Antigens, or HLAs, are one of the most polymorphic molecules in humans. This high degree of polymorphism endows HLA molecules with the ability to present a vast array of peptides, an essential trait for responding to ever-evolving pathogens. Unlike classical HLA molecules (HLA-Ia), some non-classical HLA-Ib molecules, including HLA-E, are almost monomorphic. Several studies show HLA-E can present self-peptides originating from the leader sequence of other HLA molecules, which signals to our immune system that the cell is healthy. Therefore, it was traditionally thought that the chief role of HLA-E in the body was in immune surveillance. However, there is emerging evidence that HLA-E is also able to present pathogen-derived peptides to the adaptive immune system, namely T cells, in a manner that is similar to classical HLA-Ia molecules. Here we describe the early findings of this less conventional role of HLA-E in the adaptive immune system and its importance for immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Grant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Andrea T Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Christian A Lobos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher Szeto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Demetra S M Chatzileontiadou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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16
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Shiina T, Blancher A. The Cynomolgus Macaque MHC Polymorphism in Experimental Medicine. Cells 2019; 8:E978. [PMID: 31455025 PMCID: PMC6770713 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the non-human primates used in experimental medicine, cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis hereafter referred to as Mafa) are increasingly selected for the ease with which they are maintained and bred in captivity. Macaques belong to Old World monkeys and are phylogenetically much closer to humans than rodents, which are still the most frequently used animal model. Our understanding of the Mafa genome has progressed rapidly in recent years and has greatly benefited from the latest technical advances in molecular genetics. Cynomolgus macaques are widespread in Southeast Asia and numerous studies have shown a distinct genetic differentiation of continental and island populations. The major histocompatibility complex of cynomolgus macaque (Mafa MHC) is organized in the same way as that of human, but it differs from the latter by its high degree of classical class I gene duplication. Human polymorphic MHC regions play a pivotal role in allograft transplantation and have been associated with more than 100 diseases and/or phenotypes. The Mafa MHC polymorphism similarly plays a crucial role in experimental allografts of organs and stem cells. Experimental results show that the Mafa MHC class I and II regions influence the ability to mount an immune response against infectious pathogens and vaccines. MHC also affects cynomolgus macaque reproduction and impacts on numerous biological parameters. This review describes the Mafa MHC polymorphism and the methods currently used to characterize it. We discuss some of the major areas of experimental medicine where an effect induced by MHC polymorphism has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shiina
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Antoine Blancher
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse 31000, France.
- Laboratoire d'immunologie, CHU de Toulouse, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, hôpital Purpan, 330 Avenue de Grande Bretagne, TSA40031, 31059 Toulouse CEDEX 9, France.
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17
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't Hart BA. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the common marmoset: a translationally relevant model for the cause and course of multiple sclerosis. Primate Biol 2019; 6:17-58. [PMID: 32110715 PMCID: PMC7041540 DOI: 10.5194/pb-6-17-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging Western societies are facing an increasing prevalence of chronic
autoimmune-mediated inflammatory disorders (AIMIDs) for which treatments that are safe and effective are scarce. One of the
main reasons for this situation is the lack of animal models, which accurately replicate
clinical and pathological aspects of the human diseases. One important AIMID is the
neuroinflammatory disease multiple sclerosis (MS), for which the mouse experimental
autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model has been frequently used in preclinical
research. Despite some successes, there is a long list of experimental treatments that
have failed to reproduce promising effects observed in murine EAE models when they were
tested in the clinic. This frustrating situation indicates a wide validity gap between
mouse EAE and MS. This monography describes the development of an EAE model in nonhuman
primates, which may help to bridge the gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert A 't Hart
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
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18
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Sharpe HR, Bowyer G, Brackenridge S, Lambe T. HLA-E: exploiting pathogen-host interactions for vaccine development. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 196:167-177. [PMID: 30968409 PMCID: PMC6468186 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses, when used as vectors for vaccine antigen delivery, can induce strong cellular and humoral responses against target epitopes. Recent work by Hansen et al. describes the use of a cytomegalovirus‐vectored vaccine, which is able to generate a stable effector‐memory T cell population at the sites of vaccination in rhesus macaques. This vaccine, targeted towards multiple epitopes in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), did not induce classical CD8+ T cells. However, non‐canonical CD8+ T cell induction occurred via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and MHC‐E. The MHC‐E‐restricted T cells could recognize broad epitopes across the SIV peptides, and conferred protection against viral challenge to 55% of vaccinated macaques. The human homologue, human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐E, is now being targeted as a new avenue for vaccine development. In humans, HLA‐E is an unusually oligomorphic class Ib MHC molecule, in comparison to highly polymorphic MHC class Ia. Whereas MHC class Ia presents peptides derived from pathogens to T cells, HLA‐E classically binds defined leader peptides from class Ia MHC peptides and down‐regulates NK cell cytolytic activity when presented on the cell surface. HLA‐E can also restrict non‐canonical CD8+ T cells during natural infection with various pathogens, although the extent to which they are involved in pathogen control is mostly unknown. In this review, an overview is provided of HLA‐E and its ability to interact with NK cells and non‐canonical T cells. Also discussed are the unforeseen beneficial effects of vaccination, including trained immunity of NK cells from bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination, and the broad restriction of non‐canonical CD8+ T cells by cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐vectored vaccines in pre‐clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Sharpe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - G Bowyer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Brackenridge
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - T Lambe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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19
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Pump WC, Kraemer T, Huyton T, Hò GGT, Blasczyk R, Bade-Doeding C. Between Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses: NKG2A, NKG2C, and CD8⁺ T Cell Recognition of HLA-E Restricted Self-Peptides Acquired in the Absence of HLA-Ia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1454. [PMID: 30909402 PMCID: PMC6471057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
On healthy cells the non-classical HLA class Ib molecule HLA-E displays the cognate ligand for the NK cell receptor NKG2A/CD94 when bound to HLA class I signal peptide sequences. In a pathogenic situation when HLA class I is absent, HLA-E is bound to a diverse set of peptides and enables the stimulatory NKG2C/CD94 receptor to bind. The activation of CD8⁺ T cells by certain p:HLA-E complexes illustrates the dual role of this low polymorphic HLA molecule in innate and adaptive immunity. Recent studies revealed a shift in the HLA-E peptide repertoire in cells with defects in the peptide loading complex machinery. We recently showed that HLA-E presents a highly diverse set of peptides in the absence of HLA class Ia and revealed a non-protective feature against NK cell cytotoxicity mediated by these peptides. In the present study we have evaluated the molecular basis for the impaired NK cell inhibition by these peptides and determined the cell surface stability of individual p:HLA-E complexes and their binding efficiency to soluble NKG2A/CD94 or NKG2C/CD94 receptors. Additionally, we analyzed the recognition of these p:HLA-E epitopes by CD8⁺ T cells. We show that non-canonical peptides provide stable cell surface expression of HLA-E, and these p:HLA-E complexes still bind to NKG2/CD94 receptors in a peptide-restricted fashion. Furthermore, individual p:HLA-E complexes elicit activation of CD8⁺ T cells with an effector memory phenotype. These novel HLA-E epitopes provide new implications for therapies targeting cells with abnormal HLA class I expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke C Pump
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Medical Park, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 5, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kraemer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Medical Park, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 5, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Trevor Huyton
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Gia-Gia T Hò
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Medical Park, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 5, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Medical Park, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 5, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Christina Bade-Doeding
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Medical Park, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 5, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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20
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Jouand N, Bressollette-Bodin C, Gérard N, Giral M, Guérif P, Rodallec A, Oger R, Parrot T, Allard M, Cesbron-Gautier A, Gervois N, Charreau B. HCMV triggers frequent and persistent UL40-specific unconventional HLA-E-restricted CD8 T-cell responses with potential autologous and allogeneic peptide recognition. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007041. [PMID: 29709038 PMCID: PMC5945056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune response against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) includes a set of persistent cytotoxic NK and CD8 T cells devoted to eliminate infected cells and to prevent reactivation. CD8 T cells against HCMV antigens (pp65, IE1) presented by HLA class-I molecules are well characterized and they associate with efficient virus control. HLA-E-restricted CD8 T cells targeting HCMV UL40 signal peptides (HLA-EUL40) have recently emerged as a non-conventional T-cell response also observed in some hosts. The occurrence, specificity and features of HLA-EUL40 CD8 T-cell responses remain mostly unknown. Here, we detected and quantified these responses in blood samples from healthy blood donors (n = 25) and kidney transplant recipients (n = 121) and we investigated the biological determinants involved in their occurrence. Longitudinal and phenotype ex vivo analyses were performed in comparison to HLA-A*02/pp65-specific CD8 T cells. Using a set of 11 HLA-E/UL40 peptide tetramers we demonstrated the presence of HLA-EUL40 CD8 αβT cells in up to 32% of seropositive HCMV+ hosts that may represent up to 38% of total circulating CD8 T-cells at a time point suggesting a strong expansion post-infection. Host's HLA-A*02 allele, HLA-E *01:01/*01:03 genotype and sequence of the UL40 peptide from the infecting strain are major factors affecting the incidence of HLA-EUL40 CD8 T cells. These cells are effector memory CD8 (CD45RAhighROlow, CCR7-, CD27-, CD28-) characterized by a low level of PD-1 expression. HLA-EUL40 responses appear early post-infection and display a broad, unbiased, Vβ repertoire. Although induced in HCMV strain-dependent, UL4015-23-specific manner, HLA-EUL40 CD8 T cells are reactive toward a broader set of nonapeptides varying in 1-3 residues including most HLA-I signal peptides. Thus, HCMV induces strong and life-long lasting HLA-EUL40 CD8 T cells with potential allogeneic or/and autologous reactivity that take place selectively in at least a third of infections according to virus strain and host HLA concordance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Jouand
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI), UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- CRCINA, UMR1232, INSERM, Université d’Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- LabEx Immunology-Graft-Oncology (IGO), Nantes, France
| | - Céline Bressollette-Bodin
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI), UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Gérard
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI), UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Magali Giral
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI), UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Pierrick Guérif
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Romain Oger
- CRCINA, UMR1232, INSERM, Université d’Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Tiphaine Parrot
- CRCINA, UMR1232, INSERM, Université d’Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Mathilde Allard
- CRCINA, UMR1232, INSERM, Université d’Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Cesbron-Gautier
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS), Région des Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Nadine Gervois
- CRCINA, UMR1232, INSERM, Université d’Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- LabEx Immunology-Graft-Oncology (IGO), Nantes, France
| | - Béatrice Charreau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI), UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- LabEx Immunology-Graft-Oncology (IGO), Nantes, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire European Center for Science in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France
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21
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Rovito R, Claas FHJ, Haasnoot GW, Roelen DL, Kroes ACM, Eikmans M, Vossen ACTM. Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Maternal-Child HLA-C, HLA-E, and HLA-G Affect Clinical Outcome. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1904. [PMID: 29354123 PMCID: PMC5760553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital CMV infection (cCMV) is the most common congenital infection causing permanent long-term impairments (LTI). cCMV immunopathogenesis is largely unknown due to the complex interplay between viral, maternal, placental, and child factors. In this study, a large retrospective nationwide cohort of children with cCMV and their mothers was used. HLA-C, HLA-E, and HLA-G were assessed in 96 mother–child pairs in relation to symptoms at birth and LTI at 6 years of age. The mothers were additionally typed for killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors. The maternal HLA-G 14 bp deletion/deletion polymorphism was associated with a worse outcome, as the immunomodulation effect of higher protein levels may induce less CMV control, with a direct impact on placenta and fetus. The absence of maternal HLA-C belonging to the C2 group was associated with symptoms at birth, as activating signals on decidual NK may override inhibitory signals, contributing to a placental pro-inflammatory environment. Here, the increased HLA-E*0101 and HLA-C mismatches, which were associated with symptoms at birth, may enhance maternal allo-reactivity to fetal Ags, and cause suboptimal viral clearance. Finally, HLA-C non-inherited maternal antigens (NIMAs) were associated with LTI. The tolerance induced in the fetus toward NIMAs may indirectly induce a suboptimal CMV antiviral response throughout childhood. In light of our findings, the potential role of maternal–child HLA in controlling CMV infection and cCMV-related disease, and the clinical value as predictor for long-term outcome certainly deserve further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rovito
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frans H J Claas
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Geert W Haasnoot
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dave L Roelen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Aloys C M Kroes
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michael Eikmans
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ann C T M Vossen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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22
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Wu HL, Wiseman RW, Hughes CM, Webb GM, Abdulhaqq SA, Bimber BN, Hammond KB, Reed JS, Gao L, Burwitz BJ, Greene JM, Ferrer F, Legasse AW, Axthelm MK, Park BS, Brackenridge S, Maness NJ, McMichael AJ, Picker LJ, O'Connor DH, Hansen SG, Sacha JB. The Role of MHC-E in T Cell Immunity Is Conserved among Humans, Rhesus Macaques, and Cynomolgus Macaques. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:49-60. [PMID: 29150562 PMCID: PMC5736429 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
MHC-E is a highly conserved nonclassical MHC class Ib molecule that predominantly binds and presents MHC class Ia leader sequence-derived peptides for NK cell regulation. However, MHC-E also binds pathogen-derived peptide Ags for presentation to CD8+ T cells. Given this role in adaptive immunity and its highly monomorphic nature in the human population, HLA-E is an attractive target for novel vaccine and immunotherapeutic modalities. Development of HLA-E-targeted therapies will require a physiologically relevant animal model that recapitulates HLA-E-restricted T cell biology. In this study, we investigated MHC-E immunobiology in two common nonhuman primate species, Indian-origin rhesus macaques (RM) and Mauritian-origin cynomolgus macaques (MCM). Compared to humans and MCM, RM expressed a greater number of MHC-E alleles at both the population and individual level. Despite this difference, human, RM, and MCM MHC-E molecules were expressed at similar levels across immune cell subsets, equivalently upregulated by viral pathogens, and bound and presented identical peptides to CD8+ T cells. Indeed, SIV-specific, Mamu-E-restricted CD8+ T cells from RM recognized antigenic peptides presented by all MHC-E molecules tested, including cross-species recognition of human and MCM SIV-infected CD4+ T cells. Thus, MHC-E is functionally conserved among humans, RM, and MCM, and both RM and MCM represent physiologically relevant animal models of HLA-E-restricted T cell immunobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Wu
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Roger W Wiseman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Colette M Hughes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Gabriela M Webb
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Shaheed A Abdulhaqq
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Benjamin N Bimber
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Katherine B Hammond
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Jason S Reed
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Lina Gao
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Benjamin J Burwitz
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Justin M Greene
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Fidel Ferrer
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Alfred W Legasse
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Michael K Axthelm
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Byung S Park
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Simon Brackenridge
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Maness
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70118; and
| | - Andrew J McMichael
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom
| | - Louis J Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715
| | - Scott G Hansen
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Jonah B Sacha
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006;
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
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23
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Sullivan LC, Walpole NG, Farenc C, Pietra G, Sum MJW, Clements CS, Lee EJ, Beddoe T, Falco M, Mingari MC, Moretta L, Gras S, Rossjohn J, Brooks AG. A conserved energetic footprint underpins recognition of human leukocyte antigen-E by two distinct αβ T cell receptors. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21149-21158. [PMID: 28972140 PMCID: PMC5743087 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.807719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
αβ T cell receptors (TCRs) interact with peptides bound to the polymorphic major histocompatibility complex class Ia (MHC-Ia) and class II (MHC-II) molecules as well as the essentially monomorphic MHC class Ib (MHC-Ib) molecules. Although there is a large amount of information on how TCRs engage with MHC-Ia and MHC-II, our understanding of TCR/MHC-Ib interactions is very limited. Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) can elicit a CD8+ T cell response restricted by the human MHC-Ib molecule human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E and specific for an epitope from UL40 (VMAPRTLIL), which is characterized by biased TRBV14 gene usage. Here we describe an HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T cell able to recognize an allotypic variant of the UL40 peptide with a modification at position 8 (P8) of the peptide (VMAPRTLVL) that uses the TRBV9 gene segment. We report the structures of a TRBV9+ TCR in complex with the HLA-E molecule presenting the two peptides. Our data revealed that the TRBV9+ TCR adopts a different docking mode and molecular footprint atop HLA-E when compared with the TRBV14+ TCR-HLA-E ternary complex. Additionally, despite their differing V gene segment usage and different docking mechanisms, mutational analyses showed that the TCRs shared a conserved energetic footprint on the HLA-E molecule, focused around the peptide-binding groove. Hence, we provide new insights into how monomorphic MHC molecules interact with T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Binding Sites
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Clone Cells
- Conserved Sequence
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Energy Metabolism
- Epitope Mapping
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/chemistry
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Humans
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Mutation
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/agonists
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Viral Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/metabolism
- HLA-E Antigens
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C Sullivan
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Walpole
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and
| | - Carine Farenc
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMES) and
- Unità Operativa Complessa Immunologia, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Matthew J W Sum
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Craig S Clements
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and
| | - Eleanor J Lee
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Travis Beddoe
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and
| | - Michela Falco
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00165 Roma, Italy, and
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMES) and
- Unità Operativa Complessa Immunologia, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00165 Roma, Italy, and
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia,
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24
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McMurtrey C, Harriff MJ, Swarbrick GM, Duncan A, Cansler M, Null M, Bardet W, Jackson KW, Lewinsohn DA, Hildebrand W, Lewinsohn DM. T cell recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis peptides presented by HLA-E derived from infected human cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188288. [PMID: 29176828 PMCID: PMC5703486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-E is a non-conventional MHC Class I molecule that has been recently demonstrated to present pathogen-derived ligands, resulting in the TCR-dependent activation of αβ CD8+ T cells. The goal of this study was to characterize the ligandome displayed by HLA-E following infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) using an in-depth mass spectrometry approach. Here we identified 28 Mtb ligands derived from 13 different source proteins, including the Esx family of proteins. When tested for activity with CD8+ T cells isolated from sixteen donors, nine of the ligands elicited an IFN-γ response from at least one donor, with fourteen of 16 donors responding to the Rv0634A19-29 peptide. Further evaluation of this immunodominant peptide response confirmed HLA-E restriction and the presence of Rv0634A19-29-reactive CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood of human donors. The identification of an Mtb HLA-E ligand that is commonly recognized may provide a target for a non-traditional vaccine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis McMurtrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Melanie J. Harriff
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Gwendolyn M. Swarbrick
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Amanda Duncan
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Meghan Cansler
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Megan Null
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Wilfried Bardet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Kenneth W. Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Deborah A. Lewinsohn
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - William Hildebrand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - David M. Lewinsohn
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States of America
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25
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Cicchini L, Blumhagen RZ, Westrich JA, Myers ME, Warren CJ, Siska C, Raben D, Kechris KJ, Pyeon D. High-Risk Human Papillomavirus E7 Alters Host DNA Methylome and Represses HLA-E Expression in Human Keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3633. [PMID: 28623356 PMCID: PMC5473897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection distinctly alters methylation patterns in HPV-associated cancer. We have recently reported that HPV E7-dependent promoter hypermethylation leads to downregulation of the chemokine CXCL14 and suppression of antitumor immune responses. To investigate the extent of gene expression dysregulated by HPV E7-induced DNA methylation, we analyzed parallel global gene expression and DNA methylation using normal immortalized keratinocyte lines, NIKS, NIKS-16, NIKS-18, and NIKS-16∆E7. We show that expression of the MHC class I genes is downregulated in HPV-positive keratinocytes in an E7-dependent manner. Methylome analysis revealed hypermethylation at a distal CpG island (CGI) near the HLA-E gene in NIKS-16 cells compared to either NIKS cells or NIKS-16∆E7 cells, which lack E7 expression. The HLA-E CGI functions as an active promoter element which is dramatically repressed by DNA methylation. HLA-E protein expression on cell surface is downregulated by high-risk HPV16 and HPV18 E7 expression, but not by low-risk HPV6 and HPV11 E7 expression. Conversely, demethylation at the HLA-E CGI restores HLA-E protein expression in HPV-positive keratinocytes. Because HLA-E plays an important role in antiviral immunity by regulating natural killer and CD8+ T cells, epigenetic downregulation of HLA-E by high-risk HPV E7 may contribute to virus-induced immune evasion during HPV persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Cicchini
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rachel Z Blumhagen
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Joseph A Westrich
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mallory E Myers
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Cody J Warren
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Charlotte Siska
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David Raben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Katerina J Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dohun Pyeon
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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26
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Stimmer L, Fovet CM, Serguera C. Experimental Models of Autoimmune Demyelinating Diseases in Nonhuman Primates. Vet Pathol 2017; 55:27-41. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985817712794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IIDD) are a heterogeneous group of autoimmune inflammatory and demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). These include multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common chronic IIDD, but also rarer disorders such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Great efforts have been made to understand the pathophysiology of MS, leading to the development of a few effective treatments. Nonetheless, IIDD still require a better understanding of the causes and underlying mechanisms to implement more effective therapies and diagnostic methods. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a commonly used animal model to study the pathophysiology of IIDD. EAE is principally induced through immunization with myelin antigens combined with immune-activating adjuvants. Nonhuman primates (NHP), the phylogenetically closest relatives of humans, challenged by similar microorganisms as other primates may recapitulate comparable immune responses to that of humans. In this review, the authors describe EAE models in 3 NHP species: rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta), cynomolgus macaques ( Macaca fascicularis), and common marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus), evaluating their respective contribution to the understanding of human IIDD. EAE in NHP is a heterogeneous disease, including acute monophasic and chronic polyphasic forms. This diversity makes it a versatile model to use in translational research. This clinical variability also creates an opportunity to explore multiple facets of immune-mediated mechanisms of neuro-inflammation and demyelination as well as intrinsic protective mechanisms. Here, the authors review current insights into the pathogenesis and immunopathological mechanisms implicated in the development of EAE in NHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Stimmer
- U1169/US27 Platform for experimental pathology, Molecular Imaging Research Center, INSERM-CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Claire-Maëlle Fovet
- U1169/US27 Platform for general surgery, Molecular Imaging Research Center, INSERM-CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Ché Serguera
- US27, Molecular Imaging Research Center, INSERM-CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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27
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Joosten SA, Sullivan LC, Ottenhoff THM. Characteristics of HLA-E Restricted T-Cell Responses and Their Role in Infectious Diseases. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:2695396. [PMID: 27699181 PMCID: PMC5028793 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2695396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human HLA-E can, in addition to self-antigens, also present pathogen-derived sequences, which elicit specific T-cell responses. T-cells recognize their antigen presented by HLA-E highly specifically and have unique functional and phenotypical properties. Pathogen specific HLA-E restricted CD8+ T-cells are an interesting new player in the field of immunology. Future work should address their exact roles and relative contributions in the immune response against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone A. Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lucy C. Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
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Anderson CK, Brossay L. The role of MHC class Ib-restricted T cells during infection. Immunogenetics 2016; 68:677-91. [PMID: 27368413 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-016-0932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Even though major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ia and many Ib molecules have similarities in structure, MHC class Ib molecules tend to have more specialized functions, which include the presentation of non-peptidic antigens to non-classical T cells. Likewise, non-classical T cells also have unique characteristics, including an innate-like phenotype in naïve animals and rapid effector functions. In this review, we discuss the role of MAIT and NKT cells during infection but also the contribution of less studied MHC class Ib-restricted T cells such as Qa-1-, Qa-2-, and M3-restricted T cells. We focus on describing the types of antigens presented to non-classical T cells, their response and cytokine profile following infection, as well as the overall impact of these T cells to the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney K Anderson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Box G-B618, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Laurent Brossay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Box G-B618, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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29
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Celik AA, Kraemer T, Huyton T, Blasczyk R, Bade-Döding C. The diversity of the HLA-E-restricted peptide repertoire explains the immunological impact of the Arg107Gly mismatch. Immunogenetics 2016; 68:29-41. [PMID: 26552660 PMCID: PMC4701785 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-015-0880-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E molecules are potent inhibitors of NK cell-mediated killing. Low in polymorphisms, two alleles are widely expressed among diverse populations: HLA-E*01:01 and HLA-E*01:03. Both alleles are distinguished by one SNP resulting in the substitution Arg107Gly. Both alleles present a limited set of peptides derived from class I leader sequences physiologically; however, HLA-E*01:01 presents non-canonical peptides in the absence of HLA class I molecules. To further assess the functional differences between both alleles, we analyzed the peptide repertoire of HLA-E*01:03 by applying soluble HLA technology followed by mass-spectrometric peptide sequencing. HLA-E*01:03 restricted peptides showed a length of 9-17 amino acids and differed in their biophysical properties, no overlap in the peptide repertoire of both allelic variants could be observed; however, both alleles shared marginal peptides from the same proteomic content. Artificial APCs expressing empty HLA-E*01:01 or E*01:03 molecules were generated and stabilized using cognate HLA class I-derived peptide ligands to analyze the impact of residue 107 within the HLA-E heavy chain on the NKG2/CD94 receptor engagement. Differences in peptide stabilization could be translated to the density and half-life time of peptide-HLA-E molecules on the cell surface that subsequently impacted NK cell inhibition as verified by cytotoxicity assays. Taken together, these data illustrate functional differences of HLA-E allelic variants induced by a single amino acid. Furthermore, the function of HLA-E in pathophysiologic situations when the HLA processing machinery is interrupted seems to be more emphasized than previously described, implying a crucial role for HLA-E in tumor or viral immune episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Celik
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Medical Park, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 5, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraemer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Medical Park, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 5, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Trevor Huyton
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Medical Park, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 5, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Medical Park, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 5, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Bade-Döding
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Medical Park, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 5, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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30
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Lauterbach N, Wieten L, Popeijus HE, Vanderlocht J, van Zon PMH, Voorter CEM, Tilanus MGJ. Peptide-induced HLA-E expression in human PBMCs is dependent on peptide sequence and the HLA-E genotype. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2015; 85:242-51. [PMID: 25735891 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-E is a low-polymorphic non-classical HLA class I molecule which plays a crucial role in immune surveillance by presentation of peptides to T and natural killer (NK) cells. HLA-E polymorphism is related to HLA-E surface expression and is associated with patient outcome after stem cell transplantation. We aim to investigate the regulation of HLA-E expression level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy individuals homozygous for HLA-E*01:01 or HLA-E*01:03, by using a panel of HLA-E binding peptides derived from CMV, Hsp60 and HLA class I. Basal and peptide-induced HLA-E surface expression levels were higher in PBMC from HLA-E*01:03 homozygous subjects as compared to PBMC from HLA-E*01:01 homozygous subjects. HLA-E mRNA levels were comparable between the two genotypes and remained constant after peptide stimulation. HLA-E surface expression seemed to be not only dependent on the HLA-E genotype, but also on the sequence of the peptide as evidenced by the profound difference in HLA-E upregulation with the Hsp60 and the B7 peptide. Our results showed that peptide-induced HLA-E expression is regulated at the posttranscriptional level as extracellular peptide stimulation did not influence RNA expression. This study provides new insights in the mechanism by which HLA-E expression is regulated and underlines a new role for extracellular peptides in inducing HLA-E translation, which may represent a defense mechanism against lytic viral infections and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lauterbach
- Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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31
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van Meijgaarden KE, Haks MC, Caccamo N, Dieli F, Ottenhoff THM, Joosten SA. Human CD8+ T-cells recognizing peptides from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) presented by HLA-E have an unorthodox Th2-like, multifunctional, Mtb inhibitory phenotype and represent a novel human T-cell subset. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004671. [PMID: 25803478 PMCID: PMC4372528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial antigens are not exclusively presented to T-cells by classical HLA-class Ia and HLA-class II molecules, but also through alternative antigen presentation molecules such as CD1a/b/c, MR1 and HLA-E. We recently described mycobacterial peptides that are presented in HLA-E and recognized by CD8+ T-cells. Using T-cell cloning, phenotyping, microbiological, functional and RNA-expression analyses, we report here that these T-cells can exert cytolytic or suppressive functions, inhibit mycobacterial growth, yet express GATA3, produce Th2 cytokines (IL-4,-5,-10,-13) and activate B-cells via IL-4. In TB patients, Mtb specific cells were detectable by peptide-HLA-E tetramers, and IL-4 and IL-13 were produced following peptide stimulation. These results identify a novel human T-cell subset with an unorthodox, multifunctional Th2 like phenotype and cytolytic or regulatory capacities, which is involved in the human immune response to mycobacteria and demonstrable in active TB patients' blood. The results challenge the current dogma that only Th1 cells are able to inhibit Mtb growth and clearly show that Th2 like cells can strongly inhibit outgrowth of Mtb from human macrophages. These insights significantly expand our understanding of the immune response in infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariëlle C. Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Central Laboratory for Advanced Diagnostic and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory for Advanced Diagnostic and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simone A. Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Vanheusden M, Stinissen P, ’t Hart BA, Hellings N. Cytomegalovirus: a culprit or protector in multiple sclerosis? Trends Mol Med 2015; 21:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Classical and non-classical MHC I molecule manipulation by human cytomegalovirus: so many targets—but how many arrows in the quiver? Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 12:139-53. [PMID: 25418469 PMCID: PMC4654289 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Major mechanisms for the recognition of pathogens by immune cells have evolved to employ classical and non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules. Classical MHC I molecules present antigenic peptide ligands on infected cells to CD8+ T cells, whereas a key function for non-classical MHC I molecules is to mediate inhibitory or activating stimuli in natural killer (NK) cells. The structural diversity of MHC I puts immense pressure on persisting viruses, including cytomegaloviruses. The very large coding capacity of the human cytomegalovirus allows it to express a whole arsenal of immunoevasive factors assigned to individual MHC class I targets. This review summarizes achievements from more than two decades of intense research on how human cytomegalovirus manipulates MHC I molecules and escapes elimination by the immune system.
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34
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Kraemer T, Blasczyk R, Bade-Doeding C. HLA-E: a novel player for histocompatibility. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:352160. [PMID: 25401109 PMCID: PMC4221882 DOI: 10.1155/2014/352160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA-A, -B, and -C) present allele-specific self- or pathogenic peptides originated by intracellular processing to CD8(+) immune effector cells. Even a single mismatch in the heavy chain (hc) of an HLA class I molecule can impact on the peptide binding profile. Since HLA class I molecules are highly polymorphic and most of their polymorphisms affect the peptide binding region (PBR), it becomes obvious that systematic HLA matching is crucial in determining the outcome of transplantation. The opposite holds true for the nonclassical HLA class I molecule HLA-E. HLA-E polymorphism is restricted to two functional versions and is thought to present a limited set of highly conserved peptides derived from class I leader sequences. However, HLA-E appears to be a ligand for the innate and adaptive immune system, where the immunological response to peptide-HLA-E complexes is dictated through the sequence of the bound peptide. Structural investigations clearly demonstrate how subtle amino acid differences impact the strength and response of the cognate CD94/NKG2 or T cell receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kraemer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Medical Park, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 5, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Medical Park, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 5, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Bade-Doeding
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Medical Park, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 5, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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35
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Morandi F, Pistoia V. Interactions between HLA-G and HLA-E in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Front Immunol 2014; 5:394. [PMID: 25202308 PMCID: PMC4141331 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HLA-G and HLA-E are immunoregulatory molecules that belong to HLA-Ib family. The role of these molecules in the control of the immune response has been extensively analyzed, both in physiological and pathological conditions. We have here summarized data present in the literature regarding the interaction of these molecules in different settings. These data suggested that HLA-G and -E co-operate in physiological conditions (i.e., establishment of an immune tolerance at maternal/fetal interface during pregnancy), whereas their role in the course of tumors or autoimmune/inflammatory diseases may be different or even opposite. Future studies aimed at investigating the interaction between HLA-G and HLA-E will help to clarify mechanism(s) underlying the regulation of immune effector cells in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Morandi
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genoa , Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genoa , Italy
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36
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Almehmadi M, Flanagan BF, Khan N, Alomar S, Christmas SE. Increased numbers and functional activity of CD56⁺ T cells in healthy cytomegalovirus positive subjects. Immunology 2014; 142:258-68. [PMID: 24433347 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T cells expressing CD56 are capable of tumour cell lysis following activation with interleukin-2 but their role in viral immunity has been less well studied. Proportions of CD56(+) T cells were found to be highly significantly increased in cytomegalovirus-seropositive (CMV(+) ) compared with seronegative (CMV(-) ) healthy subjects (9.1 ± 1.5% versus 3.7 ± 1.0%; P < 0.0001). Proportions of CD56(+) T cells expressing CD28, CD62L, CD127, CD161 and CCR7 were significantly lower in CMV(+) than CMV(-) subjects but those expressing CD4, CD8, CD45RO, CD57, CD58, CD94 and NKG2C were significantly increased (P < 0.05), some having the phenotype of T effector memory cells. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and CD107a were significantly higher in CD56(+) T cells from CMV(+) than CMV(-) subjects following stimulation with CMV antigens. This also resulted in higher levels of proliferation in CD56(+) T cells from CMV(+) than CMV(-) subjects. Using Class I HLA pentamers, it was found that CD56(+) T cells from CMV(+) subjects contained similar proportions of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells to CD56(-) T cells in donors of several different HLA types. These differences may reflect the expansion and enhanced functional activity of CMV-specific CD56(+) memory T cells. In view of the link between CD56 expression and T-cell cytotoxic function, this strongly implicates CD56(+) T cells as being an important component of the cytotoxic T-cell response to CMV in healthy carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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37
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Geluk A, van Meijgaarden KE, Joosten SA, Commandeur S, Ottenhoff THM. Innovative Strategies to Identify M. tuberculosis Antigens and Epitopes Using Genome-Wide Analyses. Front Immunol 2014; 5:256. [PMID: 25009541 PMCID: PMC4069478 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the fact that only a small part of the Mtb expressome has been explored for identification of antigens capable of activating human T-cell responses, which is critically required for the design of better TB vaccination strategies, more emphasis should be placed on innovative ways to discover new Mtb antigens and explore their function at the several stages of infection. Better protective antigens for TB-vaccines are urgently needed, also in view of the disappointing results of the MVA85 vaccine, which failed to induce additional protection in BCG-vaccinated infants (1). Moreover, immune responses to relevant antigens may be useful to identify TB-specific biomarker signatures. Here, we describe the potency of novel tools and strategies to reveal such Mtb antigens. Using proteins specific for different Mtb infection phases, many new antigens of the latency-associated Mtb DosR-regulon as well as resuscitation promoting factor proteins, associated with resuscitating TB, were discovered that were recognized by CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Furthermore, by employing MHC binding algorithms and bioinformatics combined with high-throughput human T-cell screens and tetramers, HLA-class Ia restricted polyfunctional CD8+ T-cells were identified in TB patients. Comparable methods, led to the identification of HLA-E-restricted Mtb epitopes recognized by CD8+ T-cells. A genome-wide unbiased antigen discovery approach was applied to analyze the in vivo Mtb gene expression profiles in the lungs of mice, resulting in the identification of IVE-TB antigens, which are expressed during infection in the lung, the main target organ of Mtb. IVE-TB antigens induce strong T-cell responses in long-term latently Mtb infected individuals, and represent an interesting new group of TB antigens for vaccination. In summary, new tools have helped expand our view on the Mtb antigenome involved in human cellular immunity and provided new candidates for TB vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke Geluk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | | | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Susanna Commandeur
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
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38
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Gong F, Ding L, Jiang D, Zhang C, Shen W, Pan Y. Association of human leukocyte antigen E polymorphism with human cytomegalovirus reactivation in Chinese burn patients. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 45:982-4. [PMID: 24067376 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Gong
- Department of Laboratory medicine, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi 214041, China
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39
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Kochan G, Escors D, Breckpot K, Guerrero-Setas D. Role of non-classical MHC class I molecules in cancer immunosuppression. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e26491. [PMID: 24482746 PMCID: PMC3894240 DOI: 10.4161/onci.26491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing neoplasms employ various mechanisms to evade immunosurveillance. The expression of non-classical MHC class I molecules by both immune and malignant cells in the tumor microenvironment constitute of the strategies used by tumors to circumvent the cytotoxic activity of effector cells of the immune system. The overexpression of HLA-G, -E, and -F is a common finding across a variety of malignancies. However, while the presence of HLA-G and HLA-E has been recently correlated with poor clinical outcome, information on the clinicopathological significance of HLA-F is limited. In the present review, we summarize studies on non-classical MHC class I molecules with special emphasis on their role in the modulation of anticancer immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Escors
- Navarrabiomed-Fundacion Miguel Servet; Navarra, Spain ; Rayne Institute; University College London; London, UK
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40
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Mir SA, Sharma S. Role of MHC class Ib molecule, H2-M3 in host immunity against tuberculosis. Vaccine 2013; 31:3818-25. [PMID: 23628242 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The MHC class I family comprises both classical (class Ia) and non-classical (class Ib) members. While the prime function of classical MHC class I molecules (MHC class Ia) is to present peptide antigens to pathogen-specific cytotoxic T cells, non-classical MHC-I (MHC class Ib) antigens perform diverse array of functions in both innate and adaptive immunity. Vaccines against intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis need to induce strong cellular immune responses. Recent studies have shown that MHC class I molecules play an important role in the protective immune response to M. tuberculosis infection. Both MHC Ia-restricted and MHC class Ib-restricted M. tuberculosis -reactive CD8(+) T cells have been identified in humans and mice, but their relative contributions to immunity is still uncertain. Unlike MHC class Ia-restricted CD8(+) T cells, MHC class Ib-restricted CD8(+) T cells are constitutively activated in naive animals and respond rapidly to infection challenge, hence filling the temporal gap between innate and adaptive immunity. The present review article summarizes the general host immunity against M. tuberculosis infection highlighting the possible role of MHC class Ib molecule, H2-M3 and their ligands (N-formylated peptides) in protection against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
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41
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Induction of encephalitis in rhesus monkeys infused with lymphocryptovirus-infected B-cells presenting MOG(34-56) peptide. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71549. [PMID: 23977076 PMCID: PMC3744571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The overlapping epidemiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the increased risk to develop MS after infectious mononucleosis (IM) and the localization of EBV-infected B-cells within the MS brain suggest a causal link between EBV and MS. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. We hypothesize that EBV-infected B-cells are capable of eliciting a central nervous system (CNS) targeting autoimmune reaction. To test this hypothesis we have developed a novel experimental model in rhesus monkeys of IM-like disease induced by infusing autologous B-lymphoblastoid cells (B-LCL). Herpesvirus papio (HVP) is a lymphocryptovirus related to EBV and was used to generate rhesus monkey B-LCL. Three groups of five animals were included; each group received three intravenous infusions of B-LCL that were either pulsed with the encephalitogenic self peptide MOG34–56 (group A), a mimicry peptide (981–1003) of the major capsid protein of cytomegalovirus (CMVmcp981–1003; group B) or the citrullinated MOG34–56 (cMOG34–56; group C). Groups A and B received on day 98 a single immunization with MOG34–56 in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA). Group C monkeys were euthanized just prior to day 98 without booster immunization. We observed self-peptide-specific proliferation of T-cells, superimposed on similar strong proliferation of CD3+CD8+ T-cells against the B-LCL as observed in IM. The brains of several monkeys contained perivascular inflammatory lesions of variable size, comprising CD3+ and CD68+ cells. Moreover, clusters of CD3+ and CD20+ cells were detected in the meninges. The only evident clinical sign was substantial loss of bodyweight (>15%), a symptom observed both in early autoimmune encephalitis and IM. In conclusion, this model suggests that EBV-induced B-LCL can elicit a CNS targeting inflammatory (auto)immune reaction.
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42
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't Hart BA, Jagessar SA, Haanstra K, Verschoor E, Laman JD, Kap YS. The Primate EAE Model Points at EBV-Infected B Cells as a Preferential Therapy Target in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2013; 4:145. [PMID: 23781220 PMCID: PMC3680746 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The remarkable clinical efficacy of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis points at the critical involvement of B cells in the disease. However, the exact pathogenic contribution of B cells is poorly understood. In this publication we review new data on the role of CD20+ B cells in a unique experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), a small-bodied neotropical primate. We will also discuss the relevance of these data for MS. Different from rodent EAE models, but similar to MS, disease progression in marmosets can develop independent of autoantibodies. Progressive disease is mediated by MHC class Ib (Caja-E) restricted cytotoxic T cells, which are activated by γ-herpesvirus-infected B cells and cause widespread demyelination of cortical gray matter. B-cell directed monoclonal antibody therapies (anti-CD20 versus anti-BLyS and anti-APRIL) have a variable effect on EAE progression, which we found associated with variable depletion of the Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-like γ-herpesvirus CalHV3 from lymphoid organs. These findings support an important pathogenic role of CD20+ B cell in MS, especially of the subset infected with EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert A 't Hart
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre , Rijswijk , Netherlands ; Multiple Sclerosis Center, Erasmus MC , Rotterdam , Netherlands ; Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands ; Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam , Netherlands
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43
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Lampen MH, Hassan C, Sluijter M, Geluk A, Dijkman K, Tjon JM, de Ru AH, van der Burg SH, van Veelen PA, van Hall T. Alternative peptide repertoire of HLA-E reveals a binding motif that is strikingly similar to HLA-A2. Mol Immunol 2013; 53:126-31. [PMID: 22898188 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The non-classical HLA-E is a conserved class I molecule that mainly presents monomorphic leader peptides derived from other HLA class I molecules. These leader peptides comprise an optimized sequence for tight and deep binding into the HLA-E groove. In a TAP-deficient environment, as it can be generated during viral infection or in tumor tissue, loading of the classical leader peptide sequences is hampered leading to an alternative HLA-E peptide repertoire. In this study, we characterized this alternative peptide repertoire using cells in which TAP activity is inhibited. We identified more than 500 unique peptide sequences carried by HLA-E and found that their binding motif is different from the dominant leader peptides. Hydrophobic amino acids were only found at positions 2 and 9, in close resemblance to the peptide binding motif of HLA-A*0201. HLA-E-eluted peptides were indeed able to bind this classical HLA class I molecule. Our findings suggest that the dominant leader peptides uniquely conform to HLA-E, but that in their absence a peptide pool is presented like that of HLA-A*0201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit H Lampen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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Allard M, Tonnerre P, Nedellec S, Oger R, Morice A, Guilloux Y, Houssaint E, Charreau B, Gervois N. HLA-E-restricted cross-recognition of allogeneic endothelial cells by CMV-associated CD8 T cells: a potential risk factor following transplantation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50951. [PMID: 23226431 PMCID: PMC3511380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although association between CMV infection and allograft rejection is well admitted, the precise mechanisms involved remain uncertain. Here, we report the characterization of an alloreactive HLA-E-restricted CD8 T cell population that was detected in the PBL of a kidney transplant patient after its CMV conversion. This monoclonal CD8 T cell population represents a sizable fraction in the blood (3% of PBL) and is characterized by an effector-memory phenotype and the expression of multiple NK receptors. Interestingly, these unconventional T cells display HLA-E-dependent reactivity against peptides derived from the leader sequences of both various HCMV-UL40 and allogeneic classical HLA-I molecules. Consequently, while HLA-E-restricted CD8 T cells have potential to contribute to the control of CMV infection in vivo, they may also directly mediate graft rejection through recognition of peptides derived from allogeneic HLA-I molecules on graft cells. Therefore, as HLA-E expression in nonlymphoid organs is mainly restricted to endothelial cells, we investigated the reactivity of this HLA-E-restricted T cell population towards allogeneic endothelial cells. We clearly demonstrated that CMV-associated HLA-E-restricted T cells efficiently recognized and killed allogeneic endothelial cells in vitro. Moreover, our data indicate that this alloreactivity is tightly regulated by NK receptors, especially by inhibitory KIR2DL2 that strongly prevents TCR-induced activation through recognition of HLA-C molecules. Hence, a better evaluation of the role of CMV-associated HLA-E-restricted T cells in transplantation and of the impact of HLA-genotype, especially HLA-C, on their alloreactivity may determine whether they indeed represent a risk factor following organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Allard
- Inserm, U892, Nantes, France
- Univ Nantes, Nantes, France
- CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France
| | | | - Steven Nedellec
- Inserm, U892, Nantes, France
- Univ Nantes, Nantes, France
- CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France
| | - Romain Oger
- Inserm, U892, Nantes, France
- Univ Nantes, Nantes, France
- CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France
| | - Alexis Morice
- Inserm, U892, Nantes, France
- Univ Nantes, Nantes, France
- CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France
| | - Yannick Guilloux
- Inserm, U892, Nantes, France
- Univ Nantes, Nantes, France
- CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France
| | - Elisabeth Houssaint
- Inserm, U892, Nantes, France
- Univ Nantes, Nantes, France
- CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France
| | - Béatrice Charreau
- Univ Nantes, Nantes, France
- Inserm, U1064, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nadine Gervois
- Inserm, U892, Nantes, France
- Univ Nantes, Nantes, France
- CNRS, UMR 6299, Nantes, France
- * E-mail:
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't Hart BA, Chalan P, Koopman G, Boots AMH. Chronic autoimmune-mediated inflammation: a senescent immune response to injury. Drug Discov Today 2012. [PMID: 23195330 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of chronic autoimmune-mediated inflammatory diseases (AIMIDs) in ageing western societies is a major challenge for the drug development industry. The current high medical need for more-effective treatments is at least in part caused by our limited understanding of the mechanisms that drive chronic inflammation. Here, we postulate a role for immunosenescence in the progression of acute to chronic inflammation via a dysregulated response to primary injury at the level of the damaged target organ. A corollary to this notion is that treatment of acute versus chronic phases of disease might require differential targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert A 't Hart
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, P.O. Box 3306, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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46
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Gong F, Song S, Lv G, Pan Y, Zhang D, Jiang H. Human leukocyte antigen E in human cytomegalovirus infection: friend or foe? Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2012; 44:551-4. [PMID: 22576308 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gms032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a well-studied β-herpesvirus virus, which adopts a variety of strategies to evade immune surveillance. It has been reported that in HCMV-infected cells, classical major histocompatibility (MHC) class I molecules are down-regulated, but the MHC class Ib molecule human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E is normally expressed or even overexpressed on the cell surface. HLA-E has been first described to interact with CD94/NKG2 receptors expressed mainly on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells, thus confining its role to the regulation of NK-cell function. The engagement of CD94/NKG2A with HLA-E, with a signal peptide of the HCMV glycoprotein UL40, usually induces inhibitory signals. However, HLA-E also serves as a ligand for the TCR expressed by αβCD8(+) T cells. Recognition of peptides presented by HLA-E may result in CD8(+) effector T-cell activation. These findings will help to understand more on both pathogenic and protective roles of HLA-E in HCMV infection. In this review, we discussed recent studies about the roles of HLA-E in HCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Gong
- Department of Laboratory medicine, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, China
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47
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Kim HJ, Cantor H. Regulation of self-tolerance by Qa-1-restricted CD8(+) regulatory T cells. Semin Immunol 2012; 23:446-52. [PMID: 22136694 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Mounting an efficient immune response to pathogens while avoiding damage to host tissues is the central task of the immune system. Emerging evidence has highlighted the contribution of the CD8(+) lineage of regulatory T cells to the maintenance of self-tolerance. Specific recognition of the MHC class Ib molecule Qa-1 complexed to peptides expressed by activated CD4(+) T cells by regulatory CD8(+) T cells triggers an inhibitory interaction that prevents autoimmune responses. Conversely, defective Qa-1-restricted CD8(+) regulatory activity can result in development of systemic autoimmune disease. Here, we review recent research into the cellular and molecular basis of these regulatory T cells, their mechanism of suppressive activity and the potential application of these insights into new treatments for autoimmune disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Kim
- Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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48
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Kren L, Fabian P, Slaby O, Janikova A, Soucek O, Sterba J, Krenova Z, Michalek J, Kral Z. Multifunctional immune-modulatory protein HLA-E identified in classical Hodgkin lymphoma: possible implications. Pathol Res Pract 2012; 208:45-9. [PMID: 22177730 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although the role of the non-classical human leukocyte antigen E (HLA-E) was originally thought to be limited to the development of a maternal tolerance to a semiallogeneic fetal graft, it is now known that HLA-E exerts multiple immunoregulatory functions. The significance of the presence of HLA-E in neoplastic cells and/or background microenvironment cells in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is not well characterized. In our study, we evaluated the presence of HLA-E in both neoplastic and background cells in 40 cases of cHL. We found HLA-E in both neoplastic and background cells. There was a positive statistical correlation between the expression of HLA-E in neoplastic cells and the clinical stage of the disease, which indicates an immune-tolerogenic property of this multiple-purpose molecule. The presence of HLA-E in background cells seems to be prognostically neutral but its significance still needs to be determined. The mechanisms regulating the immunopathology of cHL neoplastic cells with respect to the presence of these molecule deserve further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leos Kren
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavska 20, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.
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49
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Jagessar SA, Heijmans N, Blezer ELA, Bauer J, Blokhuis JH, Wubben JAM, Drijfhout JW, van den Elsen PJ, Laman JD, Hart BA'. Unravelling the T-cell-mediated autoimmune attack on CNS myelin in a new primate EAE model induced with MOG34-56 peptide in incomplete adjuvant. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:217-27. [PMID: 21928277 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has been documented in common marmosets using peptide 34-56 from human myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG(34-56) ) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). Here, we report that this EAE model is associated with widespread demyelination of grey and white matter. We performed an in-depth analysis of the specificity, MHC restriction and functions of the activated T cells in the model, which likely cause EAE in an autoantibody-independent manner. T-cell lines isolated from blood and lymphoid organs of animals immunized with MOG(34-56) displayed high production of IL-17A and specific lysis of MOG(34-56) -pulsed EBV B-lymphoblastoid cells as typical hallmarks. Cytotoxicity was directed at the epitope MOG(40-48) presented by the non-classical MHC class Ib allele Caja-E, which is orthologue to HLA-E and is expressed in non-inflamed brain. In vivo activated T cells identified by flow cytometry in cultures with MOG(34-56,) comprised CD4(+) CD56(+) and CD4(+) CD8(+) CD56(+) T cells. Furthermore, phenotypical analysis showed that CD4(+) CD8(+) CD56(+) T cells also expressed CD27, but CD16, CD45RO, CD28 and CCR7 were absent. These results show that, in the MOG34-56/IFA marmoset EAE model, a Caja-E-restricted population of autoreactive cytotoxic T cells plays a key role in the process of demyelination in the grey and white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anwar Jagessar
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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50
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van Hall T, Oliveira CC, Joosten SA, Ottenhoff THM. The other Janus face of Qa-1 and HLA-E: diverse peptide repertoires in times of stress. Microbes Infect 2010; 12:910-8. [PMID: 20670688 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The non-polymorphic MHC molecule Qa-1 and its human counterpart HLA-E present monomorphic signal peptides to innate receptors and thereby regulate lymphocyte activity. Under stress, this peptide content is replaced with a surprisingly diverse repertoire of novel peptides that are associated with heat-shock proteins, infectious agents or antigen processing defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, K1-P, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands.
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