1
|
Slighting SA, Rasmussen K, Dufur MJ, Jarvis JA, Pribesh SL, Alexander AJ, Otero C. Family Structure, Family Transitions, and Child Overweight and Obesity: Comparing Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:693. [PMID: 38929272 PMCID: PMC11201719 DOI: 10.3390/children11060693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Growing rates of childhood obesity globally create concern for individuals' health outcomes and demands on health systems. While many policy approaches focus on macro-level interventions, we examine how the type of stability of a family structure might provide opportunities for policy interventions at the micro level. We examine the association between family structure trajectories and childhood overweight and obesity across three Anglophone countries using an expanded set of eight family structure categories that capture biological relationships and instability, along with potential explanatory variables that might vary across family trajectories and provide opportunities for intervention, including access to resources, family stressors, family structure selectivity factors, and obesogenic correlates. We use three datasets that are representative of children born around the year 2000 and aged 11 years old in Australia (n = 3329), the United Kingdom (n = 11,542), and the United States (n = 8837) and nested multivariate multinomial logistic regression models. Our analyses find stronger relationships between child overweight and obesity and family structure trajectories than between child obesity and obesogenic factors. Children in all three countries are sensitive to living with cohabiting parents, although in Australia, this is limited to children whose parents have been cohabiting since before their birth. In the UK and US, parents starting their cohabitation after the child's birth are more likely to have children who experience obesity. Despite a few differences across cross-cultural contexts, most of the relationship between family structures and child overweight or obesity is connected to differences in families' access to resources and by the types of parents who enter into these family structures. These findings suggest policy interventions at the family level that focus on potential parents' education and career prospects and on income support rather than interventions like marriage incentives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadie A. Slighting
- Department of Sociology, Brigham Young University, 2008 JFSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (S.A.S.); (K.R.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Kirsten Rasmussen
- Department of Sociology, Brigham Young University, 2008 JFSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (S.A.S.); (K.R.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Mikaela J. Dufur
- Department of Sociology, Brigham Young University, 2008 JFSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (S.A.S.); (K.R.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Jonathan A. Jarvis
- Department of Sociology, Brigham Young University, 2008 JFSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (S.A.S.); (K.R.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Shana L. Pribesh
- Department of STEM Education & Professional Studies, Old Dominion University, 2300A Education Building, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA;
| | - Alyssa J. Alexander
- Department of Sociology, University of British Columbia, AnSo-2220, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada;
| | - Carolina Otero
- United Way of Salt Lake City, 257 E 200 S, Salt Lake City, UT 84111, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tavares M, Chiu CJ, Hasturk H, Lake K, O’Keefe AC, De Armas V, Yaskell T, Esberg A, Johansson I, Tanner AC. Household, dietary, and clinical characteristics of childhood caries and overweight progression-A prospective cohort study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024; 34:35-46. [PMID: 37309985 PMCID: PMC10716355 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood caries and obesity are complex chronic diseases with negative health outcomes. AIM This study sought a risk profile for childhood caries and overweight. DESIGN Children were recruited into a longitudinal prospective cohort study. Caries and overweight characteristics were obtained at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months. Sequential data modeling steps determined a disease risk profile. RESULTS At baseline, 50% of the children (n = 194, 3.0 to 6.9 years) had caries; 24% were overweight, of whom 50% had caries. Correlation analysis separated child characteristics from household circumstances. Principal component modeling separated child snacking from meal-eating patterns, and household smoking from parent education variables. Baseline caries and overweight were not associated, but they grouped together in the modeling of composite features. Forty-five percent of children showed caries progression, 29% overweight progression, and 10% progression of both diseases. The strongest predictors of progression were disease presence, household-based characteristics, and sugary drinks. Children with caries and overweight progression shared multiple child- and household-based features. CONCLUSION Individually, caries and overweight were not associated. Children with progression of both conditions shared a profile and multiple risk characteristics suggesting these findings could be useful in assessing the risk for the most extreme cases of caries and overweight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Tavares
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Kristina Lake
- Waterville Community Dental Center, Waterville ME. 04901, USA
| | - Anna C. O’Keefe
- Waterville Community Dental Center, Waterville ME. 04901, USA
| | | | - Tina Yaskell
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Anders Esberg
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anne C Tanner
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lagou MK, Karagiannis GS. Obesity-induced thymic involution and cancer risk. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 93:3-19. [PMID: 37088128 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Declining thymic functions associated either with old age (i.e., age-related thymic involution), or with acute involution as a result of stress, infectious disease, or cytoreductive therapies (e.g., chemotherapy/radiotherapy), have been associated with cancer development. A key mechanism underlying such increased cancer risk is the thymus-dependent debilitation of adaptive immunity, which is responsible for orchestrating immunoediting mechanisms and tumor immune surveillance. In the past few years, a blooming set of evidence has intriguingly linked obesity with cancer development and progression. The majority of such studies has focused on obesity-driven chronic inflammation, steroid/sex hormone and adipokine production, and hyperinsulinemia, as principal factors affecting the tumor microenvironment and driving the development of primary malignancy. However, experimental observations about the negative impact of obesity on T cell development and maturation have existed for more than half a century. Here, we critically discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms of obesity-driven thymic involution as a previously underrepresented intermediary pathology leading to cancer development and progression. This knowledge could be especially relevant in the context of childhood obesity, because impaired thymic function in young individuals leads to immune system abnormalities, and predisposes to various pediatric cancers. A thorough understanding behind the molecular and cellular circuitries governing obesity-induced thymic involution could therefore help towards the rationalized development of targeted thymic regeneration strategies for obese individuals at high risk of cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Lagou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis Program, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - George S Karagiannis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis Program, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Integrated Imaging Program for Cancer Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cohen J, Alexander S, Signorelli C, Williams K, Sim KA, Chennariyil L, Baur LA. Clinician and healthcare managers' perspectives on the delivery of secondary and tertiary pediatric weight management services. J Child Health Care 2023; 27:128-144. [PMID: 34719287 DOI: 10.1177/13674935211052148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinician and healthcare managers' (HCMs) views on weight management service delivery are imperative for informing the nature of future services to treat children with obesity. This qualitative study used semi-structured focus groups and one-on-one semi-structured interviews. Participants were 27 clinicians (medical, nursing, or allied health) and nine HCMs (senior executives in the hospital) who worked in six secondary or tertiary pediatric weight management clinics across five public hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. Clinicians reported that using a combination of group and individual sessions improved engagement with families and reduced attrition rates. Clinicians and HCMs recommended integrating clinics into community centers and providing specific programs for sub-groups, such as children from culturally and linguistically diverse communities or children with developmental delay. Many clinicians and HCMs stressed the importance of pediatric weight clinics using a holistic approach to treatment. To improve the likelihood of future funding for pediatric weight management clinics and to optimize models of care, centers must embed research into their practice. Addressing common barriers to current pediatric weight management services and designing future models of care based on key stakeholders' preferences is critical to achieving optimal care provision for this high-risk population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cohen
- Weight Management Services, 8538The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women's & Children's Health, 7800The UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shirley Alexander
- Weight Management Services, 8538The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina Signorelli
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women's & Children's Health, 7800The UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kids Cancer Centre, 63623Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn Williams
- Charles Perkins Centre, 4334The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Nepean Family Metabolic Health Service, 223690Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Kingswood, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kyra A Sim
- Charles Perkins Centre, 4334The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Obesity Prevention and Management, 222415Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Lenina Chennariyil
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women's & Children's Health, 7800The UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, 36666Canterbury Hospital, Campsie, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise A Baur
- Weight Management Services, 8538The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, 4334The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Woo S, Song HJ, Song JK, Kim Y, Lim H, Park KH. Parent and child characteristics associated with treatment non-response to a short- versus long-term lifestyle intervention in pediatric obesity. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:127-134. [PMID: 36076070 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify the factors associated with short- or long-term non-response to an obesity intervention in children and adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS In this observational study, a total of 242 children and adolescents (sex- and age-specific body mass index (BMI) ≥ 85th percentile) were divided into three groups according to the BMI z-score change after 6 (n = 163) and 24 months (n = 110) of participating in an obesity intervention: responders, low responders, and non-responders if the BMI z-score decrease was ≥0.25, 0 to 0.25, and if it increased, respectively. RESULTS Short-term non-response was associated with higher maternal psychosocial stress (OR = 2.34, 95% CI [1.07-5.11]) and adolescence (>11 years; OR = 2.40, 95% CI [1.10-5.22]). The odds of long-term non-response were reduced by an increased vegetable consumption of more than five dishes per week (OR = 0.21, 95% CI [0.07-0.69]) and an hour of increased sleep duration during weekends (OR = 0.14, 95% CI [0.04-0.53]). CONCLUSIONS Short-term non-response was associated with child and maternal characteristics, whereas long-term non-response was associated with actual lifestyle changes such as sleep duration and vegetable consumption. Children with obesity may benefit from an hour of weekend catch-up sleep in lowering the risk of long-term treatment non-response. An individualized approach should be considered for children of older age and mothers with a higher level of stress, as they may not benefit from a conventional short-term lifestyle intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Woo
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Ji Song
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kook Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Republic of Korea
| | - YoonMyung Kim
- University College, Yonsei University International Campus, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Watson A, D'Souza NJ, Timperio A, Cliff DP, Okely AD, Hesketh KD. Longitudinal associations between weight status and academic achievement in primary school children. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e12975. [PMID: 36128712 PMCID: PMC10078458 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for longitudinal associations between childhood weight status and academic achievement remains unclear due to considerable heterogeneity in study design, measures of academic achievement and appropriate categorization of weight status. OBJECTIVE To examine longitudinal associations between childhood weight status (underweight, healthy weight, overweight/obese) and academic achievement in the transition from preschool to primary (elementary) school among Australian school children. METHODS Data were from the Healthy Active Preschool and Primary Years study. Height and weight, for calculating BMI were measured at baseline (preschool age 3-5 years; 2008/9) and follow-up (primary school age 6-8 years; 2011/12). Academic achievement was measured at age 9 years. RESULTS No associations between BMI z-score or weight category in the preschool years and later NAPLAN scores were found for boys. For girls, having a higher BMI z-score (B = -13.68, 95%CI: -26.61, -0.76) and being affected by overweight (B = -33.57, 95%CI: -61.50, -5.24) in preschool was associated with lower language scores. Remaining affected by overweight from preschool to primary school was associated with lower numeracy (B = -25.03, 95%CI: -49.74, -0.33), spelling (B = -33.5, 95%CI: -63.43, -3.58), language (B = -37.89, 95%CI: -72.75, -3.03) and total achievement scores (B = -24.24, 95%CI: -44.85, -3.63) among girls. For boys, becoming affected by overweight was associated with lower spelling (B = -38.76, 95%CI: -73.59, -3.93) and total achievement scores (B = -27.70, 95%CI: -54.81, -0.58). CONCLUSIONS Associations between being affected by overweight/obesity and poorer academic achievement were more pronounced in girls than boys, indicating potentially inequitable impacts of excess weight and highlighting the greater need for intervention among girls. However, stronger study designs are needed to confirm our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Watson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ninoshka J D'Souza
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Timperio
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dylan P Cliff
- Early Start, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kylie D Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang L, Morelen D, Alamian A. A prospective cohort study of the association between key family and individual factors and obesity status among youth. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15666. [PMID: 36123368 PMCID: PMC9485130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
There remains a significant gap in our knowledge of the synergistic nature of family dynamics, child characteristics, and child-rearing features in the etiology of obesity from childhood through adolescence. We assessed the associations of family dynamics (poverty, family structure), child characteristics (child temperament), and child-rearing features (maternal depression, maternal sensitivity, and type of child care) with the development of childhood obesity. Children (n = 1240) whose weights and heights were measured at least once for ten time points (from 2 years through 15 years) from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development were included. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to examine the associations of family and individual factors with the childhood obesity after adjusting for covariates. Adjusted GEE models showed that living below poverty level was associated with an increased odds of obesity (odds ratio = 1.62, 95% confidence interval 1.05, 2.53). Among these key family and individual factors, poverty status was observed to be the strongest predictor of obesity of offspring across time. Findings highlight the importance of systemic-level public health changes in obesity reduction efforts and suggest that poverty-reduction based prevention and intervention are likely more effective targets than more individual/family specific targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Public Health, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA.
| | - Diana Morelen
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Arsham Alamian
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schuler BR, Vazquez CE, Kobulsky JM, Dumenci L. Adversity and child body mass index in Fragile Families over 15 years: Do type and timing matter? SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101197. [PMID: 36033351 PMCID: PMC9399528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Weight status has been linked to adverse childhood experiences. Existing research, however, is limited to unidimensional assessments of cumulative risk and does not account for the complex nature of adversity experienced by children in high-risk settings. We fill existing gaps by assessing how four subtypes of adversity across two primary dimensions of threat and deprivation-based adversity are associated with changes in body mass index (BMI) across child ages 3 through 15 years. Method U.S. mothers and fathers (n = 2412) in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study were interviewed when children were born, and again at ages 1, 3, 5, 9, and 15 years. Independent variables include interpersonal (e.g., domestic violence), family (e.g., mental health), economic (e.g., housing insecurity), and community (e.g., witness/victim of violence) adversity from ages 1 through 9 years. Path analysis regressed changes in BMIz from ages 3 through 15 on past adversity exposures. Results Increased interpersonal and community adversity subtypes from ages 3 to 5 were associated with decreased BMIz from ages 5-9 years. Increased economic adversity from age 3 to 5 was associated with increased BMIz from ages 5 to 9, adjusted for mother age, race, and education. Conclusion Findings highlight the differential influence of past adversity type and timing on child BMI. Interpersonal and community adversity were associated with decreased BMIz, and economic adversity with increased BMIz. Differences in directionality of associations suggest research should capture multiple dimensions of adversity in early childhood and possible positive and negative trends in effects on child weight as children grow from early to mid-childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany R. Schuler
- School of Social Work, College of Public Health, Temple University, 1311 Cecil B Moore Ave., Ritter Annex 5th floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Christian E. Vazquez
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 6019, USA
| | - Julia M. Kobulsky
- School of Social Work, College of Public Health, Temple University, 1311 Cecil B Moore Ave., Ritter Annex 5th floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Levent Dumenci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tosi F, Rettaroli R. Intergenerational transmission of dietary habits among Italian children and adolescents. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2022; 44:101073. [PMID: 34781070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2021.101073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between parental dietary habits and child and adolescent diet quality in Italy by adopting a parent-child perspective. We apply quantile regression modelling to an original database developed within the DEDIPAC knowledge hub, integrating multiple sources of information on the aspects of Italian households' daily lives, food consumption frequency, and calorie intake. Given the relevance of maternal care in shaping children's eating patterns, we focus on mothers' lifestyles and time-use. Results show that the intergenerational transmission of diet quality is a gendered process, especially involving mothers and their daughters. Our findings also highlight the pivotal role schools play in the fight against child malnutrition and indicate that, contrary to what is found in the international research literature, maternal employment is not correlated with a deterioration in their children's diet quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Tosi
- University of Bologna, Department of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati"Address: Via Belle Arti, 41, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Rosella Rettaroli
- University of Bologna, Department of Statistical Sciences "Paolo Fortunati"Address: Via Belle Arti, 41, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Katagiri A, Nawa N, Fujiwara T. Association Between Length of Only-Child Period During Early Childhood and Overweight at Age 8-A Population-Based Longitudinal Study in Japan. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:782940. [PMID: 35774097 PMCID: PMC9237356 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.782940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior studies have shown that children who are the only child are more likely to be overweight compared to their peers with siblings, regardless of whether they are the oldest, in the middle, or youngest. The study objective was to clarify whether there is an association between the length of the only-child period and the risk of overweight in firstborns who experienced an only-child period during early childhood before their siblings were born. METHODS A total of 7,576 first-born boys and 7,229 first-born girls were examined from a nationwide longitudinal survey in Japan. The length of the only-child period was determined by "birth interval"; i.e., the interval between the birth of the index child and the birth of the second child. It was categorized as short (<1.5 years), moderate (between 1.5 and 4 years), long (between 4 and 8 years), and only-child (the second baby was not born for 8 years). Overweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) z-score 1 standard deviation or more at age 8. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between length of only-child period and childhood overweight, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Moderate birth interval was inversely associated with being overweight in comparison with only-child in both boys (odds ratio (OR): 0.83, 95% CI, 0.72-0.96) and girls (OR: 0.75, 95% CI, 0.63-0.88). Long birth interval also showed inverse association in boys (OR: 0.78, 95% CI, 0.62-0.97), and marginal inverse association in girls (OR: 0.80, 95% CI, 0.62-1.04). CONCLUSION First-born children who experienced short birth intervals did not show a different overweight risk from only-child. First-born children who experienced 1.5-8 years of the birth interval had a lower risk of childhood overweight compared with only-child.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aomi Katagiri
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Nawa
- Department of Medical Education Research and Development, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Musa N, Ramzy T, Hamdy A, Arafa N, Hassan M. Assessment of urinary podocalyxin as a marker of glomerular injury in obesity-related kidney disease in children and adolescents with obesity compared to urinary albumin creatinine ratio. Clin Obes 2021; 11:e12452. [PMID: 33797164 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of chronic kidney disease in children. Our aim was to assess urinary podocalyxin (PCX) in children and adolescents with obesity as a potential marker of obesity-related kidney disease (ORKD). The current case-control study included 128 children with obesity compared to 60 non-obese age and sex matched controls. Study population were subjected to full history taking as well as thorough physical examination. Urine samples for albumin creatinine ratio (uACR) and PCX were collected from the study population as well as blood samples for assessment of serum creatinine and fasting lipid profile. A statistically significant difference was found between cases and controls regarding urinary PCX (P < .001) and uACR (P = .021). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between uACR and weight SD score (SDS), body mass index SDS, waist circumference, estimated glomerular filtration rate, triglycerides (TG) as well as urinary PCX, whilst urinary PCX correlated significantly with obesity duration and uACR. Cases with microalbuminuria had a statistically significant higher waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, fat percentage, TG and urinary PCX compared to those with normal uACR (P = .042, .034, .05, .018 and .036 respectively). Urinary PCX showed 83.3% sensitivity and 74% specificity in detection of albuminuria. Urinary PCX was increased significantly in children with obesity making it a potential sensitive marker of ORKD in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noha Musa
- Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism Pediatric Unit (DEMPU), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek Ramzy
- Lecturer of Chemical pathology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hamdy
- Pediatric Resident, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha Arafa
- Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism Pediatric Unit (DEMPU), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Hassan
- Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism Pediatric Unit (DEMPU), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sánchez-Martínez F, Brugueras S, Serral G, Valmayor S, Juárez O, López MJ, Ariza C. Three-Year Follow-Up of the POIBA Intervention on Childhood Obesity: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:453. [PMID: 33573017 PMCID: PMC7911572 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity has increased worldwide over the past four decades. This quasi-experimental study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a multicomponent and multilevel school-based intervention (POIBA) at 3 years of follow-up. The nutrition intervention focused on food groups, food pyramid, nutrients, portions, and balanced menus. In total, 3624 children participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements and information on food frequency and behavior, physical activity, and daily screen use were collected in the intervention (IG) and comparison group (CG). Positive unadjusted changes toward adherence to recommendations were found for water, meat, sweets, and fried potato consumption, proper breakfast, not having dinner in front of the TV, out-of-school physical activity, and daily screen use. Three scores were used to calculate the proportion of children making more than one change to improve healthy habits regarding physical activity (global Activity score), nutrition (global Nutrition score), and both (global score). Students exposed to the intervention had a significantly better global Activity score (16.2% IG vs. 11.9% CG; p = 0.012) and Global score (63.9% IG vs. 58.5% CG; p = 0.025). Intervention effects on obesity incidence at 3-year follow-up lost significance but maintained the positive trend. In conclusion, school-based interventions including a family component could be useful to address the childhood obesity problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sánchez-Martínez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (Public Health Agency of Barcelona, ASPB), Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.); (G.S.); (S.V.); (O.J.); (M.J.L.); (C.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Health and Experimental Science Department, Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Brugueras
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (Public Health Agency of Barcelona, ASPB), Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.); (G.S.); (S.V.); (O.J.); (M.J.L.); (C.A.)
| | - Gemma Serral
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (Public Health Agency of Barcelona, ASPB), Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.); (G.S.); (S.V.); (O.J.); (M.J.L.); (C.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Valmayor
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (Public Health Agency of Barcelona, ASPB), Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.); (G.S.); (S.V.); (O.J.); (M.J.L.); (C.A.)
| | - Olga Juárez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (Public Health Agency of Barcelona, ASPB), Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.); (G.S.); (S.V.); (O.J.); (M.J.L.); (C.A.)
| | - María José López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (Public Health Agency of Barcelona, ASPB), Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.); (G.S.); (S.V.); (O.J.); (M.J.L.); (C.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Health and Experimental Science Department, Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Ariza
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (Public Health Agency of Barcelona, ASPB), Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; (S.B.); (G.S.); (S.V.); (O.J.); (M.J.L.); (C.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Habbab RM, Bhutta ZA. Prevalence and social determinants of overweight and obesity in adolescents in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review. Clin Obes 2020; 10:e12400. [PMID: 32827192 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity in adolescents has a serious impact later in life in the form of disturbances in health and wellbeing. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity (Ow/Ob) in Saudi adolescents and to construct an ecological model of social determinants (SDs) of Ow/Ob and evaluate current evidence of their effect on Saudi adolescents. A systematic review of literature reported up until 31 December 2018 on Ow/Ob and factors that can influence them in Saudi adolescents was conducted. Fifty-one studies with n = 97 666 adolescents (55.6% males) were reviewed. The prevalence of Ow/Ob started off high and continued to increase over time. Most of the 49 reviewed SDs reports, from 19 studies, showed positive association between SDs constructed ecological model and Ow/Ob in Saudi adolescents. The prevalence of Ow/Ob among adolescents is a major public health problem in Saudi Arabia, is growing at an alarming rate and SDs play a significant role in this problem, and should be considered in all strategies targeting it. The constructed ecological model for SDs of Ow/Ob in adolescents can serve as a useful exploratory tool that helps investigating the multi-faceted aetiology of adolescent Ow/Ob and facilitates the development of effective intervention and prevention programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem M Habbab
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mandlik M, Oetzel JG, Kadirov D. Obesity and health care interventions: Substantiating a multi-modal challenge through the lens of grounded theory. Health Promot J Austr 2020; 32:274-284. [PMID: 32304614 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED One of the biggest concerns for human health in the 21st century is the ever-increasing rate of obesity and its associated budgetary implications for publicly funded health care service provisioning. This study at the outset explores the multifaceted nature of food-related consumption choices and outcomes of obesity, and later offers suggestions to improve the existing interventional strategies to curtail the epidemic. METHODS A total of 24 participants were recruited through poster invitations placed around the greater metropolitan area of Auckland, New Zealand. Participants shared their health care intervention program experiences through in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed in keeping with traditions of constructivist grounded theory. FINDINGS Analysis revealed various concurrent individually acting and ecologically mediated processes which led to obesogenic outcomes as a result of social actors' (participants) engagement in acts of (food-related) consumption practices. CONCLUSIONS This study helps to illustrate the underlying, multifaceted processes that lead to obese individuals feeling defeated or disempowered and categorically willing, yet unable to bring about healthy changes in their lives. We hope this study will prompt health care practitioners to take a holistic approach while conceiving and deploying health care intervention programs. SO WHAT?: Current health care interventional programs are not achieving optimum solutions for those in need. All future programs need to acknowledge the roles played by an individual, as well as ecological factors, while deploying client-centric intervention solutions. Perhaps these programs are in need of a team-based approach to offer a truly "wrap-around" service provisioning strategy, rather than the traditional one-on-one consultative approaches in use at current times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milind Mandlik
- Department of Marketing, University of Auckland Business School, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John G Oetzel
- Waikato Management School, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Djavlonbek Kadirov
- The School of Marketing and International Business, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dickens CE, Safer DL, Runfola CD, Gibbs EL, Welch H, Sadeh-Sharvit S. The offspring of parents undergoing a weight loss surgery: a systematic review. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020; 16:806-815. [PMID: 32334972 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The offspring of parents with obesity are at an increased risk of developing this condition themselves because of genetic and environmental factors. One subgroup that may be at particularly high risk of developing obesity is the offspring of parents who have undergone weight loss surgery (PWLS). To date, little research has focused on these offspring or their parents. This systematic review addresses this gap by integrating available literature and assessing the quality of the evidence. To be included, studies were required to have researched characteristics of the offspring of PWLS or parental feeding practices within this population. After review, 12 studies met inclusion criteria. Findings include evidence for heightened risk of obesity among children of PWLS. However, research suggests these children may experience positive, although time-limited, health outcomes after their parents' surgeries. Quality of the evidence was rated as low, primarily because of the lack of randomized controlled studies and information regarding available interventions specifically targeting this vulnerable population. This review underscores the need for research to improve understanding of PWLS families to better support them and capitalize on postbariatric surgery benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Dickens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Debra L Safer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Cristin D Runfola
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Elise L Gibbs
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Hannah Welch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Shiri Sadeh-Sharvit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rochira A, Tedesco D, Ubiali A, Fantini MP, Gori D. School Gardening Activities Aimed at Obesity Prevention Improve Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference Parameters in School-Aged Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Child Obes 2020; 16:154-173. [PMID: 32091934 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2019.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Childhood obesity, due to its increasing prevalence, is one of the most challenging problems in public health and prevention. Recent strategies have been implemented to tackle this trend, including school gardening projects. This systematic review analyzes the main elements of school gardening with a specific meta-analysis about its impact on anthropometric parameters. Materials and Methods: We searched studies in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library on school gardening projects carried out until February 2019 and addressed to children aged 6 to 13 years. Results: Thirty-three studies passed the screening selection. Outcomes analyzed were fruits and vegetables consumption/knowledge, nutritional attitudes and behavior, anthropometric outcomes (i.e., BMI, waist circumference-WC) and other outcomes (i.e., blood pressure, science achievement, and physical activity). We performed descriptive analyses of these outcomes and found a general benefit from school gardening projects. We subsequently performed a meta-analysis on anthropometric outcomes, highlighting a significant reduction of both BMI percentile (%) (-1.37%) and WC (-1.30 cm). Conclusions: Although more high-quality studies are needed on this topic, along with a greater homogeneity of anthropometric measurements, the results of our article show a modest but positive impact of school gardening projects on anthropometric measures and more generally on children's health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rochira
- School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario Tedesco
- IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute Hospital Health Direction, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ubiali
- School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Fantini
- School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Gori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Debeuf T, Verbeken S, Boelens E, Volkaert B, Van Malderen E, Michels N, Braet C. Emotion regulation training in the treatment of obesity in young adolescents: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:153. [PMID: 32039739 PMCID: PMC7011608 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-4020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence rates of childhood obesity are increasing. The current multidisciplinary treatments for (childhood) obesity are effective but only moderately and in the short term. A possible explanation for the onset and maintenance of childhood obesity is that it reflects a maladaptive mechanism for regulating high levels of stress and emotions. Therefore, the current RCT study aims to test the effectiveness of adding an emotion regulation training to care as usual (multidisciplinary obesity treatment) in young inpatients (10-14) involved in an obesity treatment program compared to care as usual alone. The research model for this RCT study states that when high levels of stress are regulated in a maladaptive way, this can contribute to the development of obesity. METHODS The current study will recruit 140 youngsters (10-14 years) who are involved in an inpatient multidisciplinary obesity treatment (MOT) program. After giving consent to participate in the study, youngsters will be randomly assigned, during consecutive waves, to one of two conditions: care as usual (receiving MOT) or intervention (receiving MOT in addition to emotion regulation training). The training itself consists of 12 weekly sessions, followed by a booster session after 3 and 5 months. The participants will be tested pretraining, post-training, and at 6 months' follow-up. We hypothesize that, compared to the control condition, youngsters in the intervention condition will (1) use more adaptive emotion regulation strategies and (2) report less emotional eating, both primary outcome measures. Moreover, on the level of secondary outcome measures, we hypothesize that youngsters in the intervention condition, compared with the control condition, will (3) report better sleep quality, (4) undergo improved weight loss and weight loss maintenance, and (5) experience better long-term (6-months) psychological well-being. DISCUSSION This study will add to both the scientific and clinical literature on the role of emotion regulation in the development and maintenance of different psychopathologies, as emotion regulation is a transdiagnostic factor. TRIAL REGISTRATION The RCT study protocol is registered at ISRCTN Registry, with study ID "ISRCTN 83822934." Registered on 13 December 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taaike Debeuf
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Verbeken
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisa Boelens
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Brenda Volkaert
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Van Malderen
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Michels
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline Braet
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jang M, Owen B, Lauver DR. Different types of parental stress and childhood obesity: A systematic review of observational studies. Obes Rev 2019; 20:1740-1758. [PMID: 31475448 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Different types of parental stress may influence children's health behaviors and weight. The aim of this review was to systematically examine the relationships between parental stress and child obesity. We reviewed 27 studies published through December 2018 and classified parental stress as parents' general stress, parenting role stress, and life event stress. There were positive relationships of parents' general stress and parenting role stress with child obesity among families with younger children and in longitudinal studies. The relationship between life event stress and child obesity differed by measures. We found that parenting role stress may be associated with unhealthy parenting practices. Contextual factors such as children's and parents' sex, race or ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and family structure appeared to play a moderating role in the relationship between parents' stress and child obesity, which warrant cautious interpretation. Our recommendations for future research include clarifying further the types of parental stress that influence child obesity, evaluating long-term relationship between parental stress and child obesity, and identifying possible mediating factors to support the relationship between parents' stress and child obesity. Researchers may also consider developing stress management programs for parents to address child obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myoungock Jang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Brenda Owen
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Diane R Lauver
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, Madison, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Morita A, Ochi M, Isumi A, Fujiwara T. Association between grandparent coresidence and weight change among first-grade Japanese children. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12524. [PMID: 30925033 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of grandparent coresidence is increasing. However, the impact of grandparent coresidence on weight change among school-age children remains unclear. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study is to examine the association between grandparent coresidence and obesity-related behaviours and change in body mass index (BMI) z scores among school-age children. METHODS In total, 3422 caregivers of first-grade children in Adachi City, Tokyo, participated in surveys and health checkups in 2016 and 2017 with no change in their grandparent coresidence status (response rate: 80.1% and 81.4%, respectively). Association between grandparent coresidence and obesogenic dietary, physical activity, and screen-based sedentary behaviours was measured using Poisson regression with robust error variance analysis, while change in BMI z scores was determined by linear regression and adjusting for potential covariates. RESULTS Grandparent coresidence was associated with increased prevalence rate (PR) of irregular snack foods intake (PR: 1.38, 95% confidential interval (CI): 1.19, 1.61); however, children who live with grandparents showed a lower BMI z scores in the second grade (coefficient: -0.048, 95% CI: -0.094 to -0.0013) after adjustment for BMI z scores in the first grade, family sociodemographics, and obesogenic behaviours. CONCLUSION Grandparent coresidence is associated with lower BMI z scores among early primary school-age Japanese children living in urban areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Morita
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Ochi
- Japan Support Center for Suicide Countermeasures, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Isumi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Saxe-Custack A, Kerver JM, Mphwanthe G, Weatherspoon L. Participant experiences in a paraprofessional-led weight management program for children and families. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312119863920. [PMID: 31321034 PMCID: PMC6628540 DOI: 10.1177/2050312119863920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pediatric obesity is a serious and widespread medical condition that is
increasing in the United States. Unfortunately, family-based programming to
address the disorder fails to successfully reach and engage many children,
particularly in low-income communities. To provide more affordable,
accessible, and scalable programming options, researchers partnered with
pediatricians and the Cooperative Extension Service (Extension) in a
Midwestern state to develop a collaborative intervention. Partnering
pediatricians referred children and families to a weight management program
delivered by a trained Extension paraprofessional. The current study
describes family experiences with the program. Methods: Researchers conducted a focus group or family interview with 13 program
completers to elicit program perceptions, experiences with
paraprofessionals, and motivators to continue. The focus group and family
interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim for textual
analysis. Using thematic analysis, researchers examined patterns across
transcripts and formulated emerging themes. Results: Key themes that emerged included (1) nutrition guidance, (2) interaction, (3)
child influence, and (4) family engagement. Families viewed
paraprofessionals as compassionate and competent educators who were
instrumental in helping families modify health-related behaviors. Conclusions: Results of the current study are important to efforts focused on addressing
childhood obesity, particularly in underserved communities where access to
healthcare services is limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Saxe-Custack
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Pediatric Public Health Initiative, Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Jean M Kerver
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Traverse City, MI, USA
| | - Getrude Mphwanthe
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lorraine Weatherspoon
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Belcher BR, Maher JP, Lopez NV, Margolin G, Leventhal AM, Ra CK, O'Connor S, Gruenewald TL, Huh J, Dunton GF. Dual Versus Single Parental Households and Differences in Maternal Mental Health and Child's Overweight/Obesity. Matern Child Health J 2019; 23:547-556. [PMID: 30600514 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-2671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Mothers report higher levels of psychological stress than fathers. s. Psychological stress is posited to influence parenting practices that could increase children's obesity risk. However, previous studies have not investigated several aspects of maternal mental health and the moderating role of household structure on children's obesity risk. The objective was to investigate associations of maternal mental health with child obesity risk, and whether these associations differed by household structure (single-parent vs. dual parent/multigenerational). Methods Mothers and their 8-12 year old children (N = 175 dyads) completed baseline questionnaires on mothers' mental health and child anthropometrics. Separate logistic regressions assessed associations of standardized maternal mental health indicators with the odds of child overweight/obesity, controlling for child age, and women's BMI, age, education, employment status, and annual income. Household structure was investigated as a moderator of these relationships.Results There were no statistically significant relationships between maternal mental health characteristics and odds of child overweight/obesity. Among single mothers only, greater anxiety was associated with higher risk of child overweight/obesity [OR (95% CI) = 3.67 (1.27-10.62); p = 0.0163]; and greater life satisfaction was marginally associated with lower risk of child overweight/obesity [OR (95% CI) = 0.44 (0.19-1.01); p = 0.0522]. Mothers' life satisfaction may lower risk for their children's overweight/obesity, whereas higher anxiety may increase this risk, particularly among children living in single-mother households. Conclusions for Practice Future interventions could increase resources for single mothers to buffer the effects of stress and lower pediatric obesity risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britni R Belcher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,, 2001 N. Soto Street, Room 302F, Los Angeles, CA, 90032-9239, USA.
| | - Jaclyn P Maher
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Nanette V Lopez
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Gayla Margolin
- Department of Psychology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chaelin K Ra
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sydney O'Connor
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara L Gruenewald
- Department of Family & Consumer Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Jimi Huh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gregory JW. Prevention of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Children. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:669. [PMID: 31632348 PMCID: PMC6779866 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has become increasingly common such that it is now the major nutritional problem worldwide. Obesity occurs when dietary energy intake exceeds energy expenditure and has arisen in many societies due to an increasingly "obesogenic" environment in which physical activity has declined and yet children continue to be exposed to unhealthy, energy-dense diets. Additional risks for the development of obesity also include psychological issues and genetic factors. Obesity has many adverse health consequences including development of insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. There are also important genetic influences on the likelihood of developing insulin resistance. Given the limited success of therapeutic interventions to treat obesity and the metabolic syndrome, there has been an increased interest in preventative strategies. These are likely to be most successful when targeting the young and will require a combination of approaches which will need inter-disciplinary collaborations across health and local government to target families, schools, and local environments to facilitate behavior changes which influence young people's eating behaviors and habitual levels of physical activity.
Collapse
|
23
|
Epidemic obesity in children and adolescents: risk factors and prevention. Front Med 2018; 12:658-666. [PMID: 30280308 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents (aged 2-18 years) has increased rapidly, with more than 100 million affected in 2015. Moreover, the epidemic of obesity in this population has been an important public health problem in developed and developing countries for the following reasons. Childhood and adolescent obesity tracks adulthood obesity and has been implicated in many chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, childhood and adolescent obesity is linked to adulthood mortality and premature death. Although an imbalance between caloric intake and physical activity is a principal cause of childhood and adolescent obesity, environmental factors are exclusively important for development of obesity among children and adolescents. In addition to genetic and biological factors, socioenvironmental factors, including family, school, community, and national policies, can play a crucial role. The complexity of risk factors for developing obesity among children and adolescents leads to difficulty in treatment for this population. Many interventional trials for childhood and adolescent obesity have been proven ineffective. Therefore, early identification and prevention is the key to control the global epidemic of obesity. Given that the proportion of overweight children and adolescents is far greater than that of obesity, an effective prevention strategy is to focus on overweight youth, who are at high risk for developing obesity. Multifaceted, comprehensive strategies involving behavioral, psychological, and environmental risk factors must also be developed to prevent obesity among children and adolescents.
Collapse
|
24
|
Rofey DL, El Nokali NE, Jackson Foster LJ, Seiler E, McCauley HL, Miller E. Weight Loss Trajectories and Adverse Childhood Experience among Obese Adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2018. [PMID: 29526815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of childhood trauma and family history of psychiatric illness on weight loss trajectories of obese, female adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING PCOS and adolescent medicine outpatient clinics. PARTICIPANTS Participants were, on average, 15.8 years of age, 80% Caucasian (39/49 participants), and had a body mass index of 36.8 ± 8.8. INTERVENTIONS Healthy Bodies, Healthy Minds is an evidence-based one-on-one intervention consisting of 4 weekly sessions, 4 biweekly sessions, and 3 monthly booster sessions. Each session was 45-60 minutes long with 15-30 minutes of physical activity with a lifestyle coach. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Paired sample t tests were used to assess group differences in pre- and post-treatment weight between participants reporting childhood trauma and body mass index-matched controls not endorsing trauma. One-way analysis of variance was performed to assess the influence of childhood trauma on weight loss between the 2 groups. RESULTS Adolescents without a family history of psychiatric illness lost more weight (mean, -1.28 kg; SD, 6.89) than those who had a family history of psychiatric illness (mean, -0.64 kg; SD, 4.7) from baseline to booster session completion (6 months). However, results of independent t tests did not reveal statistically significant group differences in weight loss from baseline to booster session completion (t21 = 0.51; P = .6). CONCLUSION Obese adolescents with PCOS who have experienced childhood trauma can lose weight and acquire its health benefits when enrolled in an intervention addressing weight, mood, and sleep. Family history of psychiatric illness emerged as a potential predictor of lesser weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana L Rofey
- Weight Management and Wellness Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Nermeen E El Nokali
- Weight Management and Wellness Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lovie J Jackson Foster
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Emily Seiler
- University of Pittsburgh School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Heather L McCauley
- Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
de Souza JA, da Silva MC, de Matos RJB, do Amaral Almeida LC, Beltrão LC, de Souza FL, de Castro RM, de Souza SL. Pre-weaning maternal separation increases eating later in life in male and female offspring, but increases brainstem dopamine receptor 1a and 2a only in males. Appetite 2018; 123:114-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
26
|
Sánchez-Martínez F, Juárez O, Serral G, Valmayor S, Puigpinós R, Pasarín MI, Díez É, Ariza C. A childhood obesity prevention programme in Barcelona (POIBA Project): Study protocol of the intervention. J Public Health Res 2018; 7:1129. [PMID: 29780761 PMCID: PMC5941252 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2018.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity preventive interventions should promote a healthy diet and physical activity at home and school. This study aims to describe a school-based childhood obesity preventive programme (POIBA Project) targeting 8-to-12- year-olds. DESIGN AND METHODS Evaluation study of a school-based intervention with a pre-post quasi-experimental design and a comparison group. Schools from disadvantaged neighbourhoods are oversampled. The intervention consists of 9 sessions, including 58 activities of a total duration between 9 and 13 hours, and the booster intervention of 2 sessions with 8 activities lasting 3 or 4 hours. They are multilevel (individual, family and school) and multicomponent (classroom, physical activity and family). Data are collected through anthropometric measurements, physical fitness tests and lifestyle surveys before and after the intervention and the booster intervention. In the intervention group, families complete two questionnaires about their children's eating habits and physical activity. The outcome variable is the cumulative incidence rate of obesity, obtained from body mass index values and body fat assessed by triceps skinfold thickness. The independent variables are socio-demographic, contextual, eating habits, food frequency, intensity of physical activity and use of new technologies. EXPECTED IMPACT FOR PUBLIC HEALTH It is essential to implement preventive interventions at early ages and to follow its effects over time. Interventions involving diet and physical activity are the most common, being the most effective setting the school. The POIBA Project intervenes in both the school and family setting and focuses on the most disadvantaged groups, in which obesity is most pronounced and difficult to prevent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sánchez-Martínez
- Servicio de Evaluación y Métodos de Intervención, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaza Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain. +34.93.202.7717 - +34.93.217.3197.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carles Ariza
- *Evaluation Group of the POIBA Project: Carles Ariza, Carme Cortina, Elia Díez, Olga Juárez, Concha Lorenzo, Maribel Pasarín, Dolors Roca, Natalia Sagarra, Francesca Sánchez-Martínez, Gemma Serral, Elisabet Suades and Sara Valmayor (Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona); Conxa Castell, Eulalia Roure (Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya); Núria Lozano (Institut Barcelona Esports); Marc Llinàs (Consell Català de l’Esport); Albert Moncada (Ajuntament de Terrassa); Luis Rajmil (Agència de Qualitat I Avaluació Sanitàries (AQuAS); Yolanda Montero (Institut Municipal d’Educació de Barcelona); Eduard Ortega (ABS Nova Lloreda de Badalona)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kambondo G, Sartorius B. Risk Factors for Obesity and Overfat among Primary School Children in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E249. [PMID: 29393863 PMCID: PMC5858318 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Associated childhood obesity risk factors are not well established in developing countries such as Zimbabwe and this information is essential for tailored intervention development. This study aimed to identify prominent risk factors for overweight/obese and overfat/obese among primary school children of Mashonaland West Province in Zimbabwe. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted using multi-stage random cluster sampling approach (30 × 30). Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was employed and identified the risk factors for overweight/obese and overfat/obese. A total of 974 participants were enrolled in the study. Prominent significant risk factors of overweight/obese after multivariable adjustment were higher socio-economic households; parental diabetes status; and living in Makonde, Zvimba, Sanyati or Mhondoro-Ngezi district as opposed to Hurungwe district. Risk factors for overfat/obese that remained statically significant were children in urban areas (aOR = 3.19, 95% CI: 2.18-4.66, p = 0.000), being one child in a household, and parents who have diabetes mellitus. Living in Makonde, Sanyati, and Zvimba district remained associated with overfat/obese compared to Hurungwe district. This study has identified prominent proximal determinants of overweight/obese and overfat/obese among primary school children in Zimbabwe, to better assist policy guidance. Aggressive education on good nutrition activities should be tailored and targeted to most affected urban areas within high-risk districts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Kambondo
- Discipline of Public Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa.
| | - Benn Sartorius
- Discipline of Public Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lichtveld K, Thomas K, Tulve NS. Chemical and non-chemical stressors affecting childhood obesity: a systematic scoping review. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2018; 28:1-12. [PMID: 28952603 PMCID: PMC6097845 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2017.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity in the United States has doubled over the last three decades and currently affects 17% of children and adolescents. While much research has focused on individual behaviors impacting obesity, little research has emphasized the complex interactions of numerous chemical and non-chemical stressors found in a child's environment and how these interactions affect a child's health and well-being. The objectives of this systematic scoping review were to (1) identify potential chemical stressors in the context of non-chemical stressors that impact childhood obesity; and, (2) summarize our observations for chemical and non-chemical stressors in regards to child-specific environments within a community setting. A review was conducted to identify chemical and non-chemical stressors related to childhood obesity for the childhood life stages ranging from prenatal to adolescence. Stressors were identified and grouped into domains: individual behaviors, family/household behaviors, community stressors, and chemical exposures. Stressors were related to the child and the child's everyday environments and used to characterize child health and well-being. This review suggests that the interactions of chemical and non-chemical stressors are important for understanding a child's overall health and well-being. By considering these relationships, the exposure science research community can better design and implement strategies to reduce childhood obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Lichtveld
- ORISE Post-Doctoral Participant, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Current Affiliation: Assistant Professor, The University of Findlay, Department of Environmental, Safety and Occupational Health, Findlay, OH
| | - Kent Thomas
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Nicolle S. Tulve
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Elsenburg LK, Smidt N, Hoek HW, Liefbroer AC. Body Mass Index Trajectories from Adolescence to Early Young Adulthood: Do Adverse Life Events Play a Role? Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:2142-2148. [PMID: 29071799 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are different classes of body mass index (BMI) development from early adolescence to young adulthood and whether these classes are related to the number of adverse life events children experienced. METHODS Data were from the TRAILS (TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey) cohort (n = 2,218). Height and weight were objectively measured five times between participants' ages 10 to 12 years and 21 to 23 years. Parents reported on the occurrence of adverse life events in their child's life in an interview when children were 10 to 12 years old. Unconditional and conditional growth mixture modeling was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS "Normal weight" (75.1%), "late onset overweight" (20.1%), and "early onset overweight" classes (4.8%) were identified. In analyses unadjusted for additional covariates, children who experienced a higher number of adverse events had higher odds to be in the late onset overweight (OR [95% CI] = 1.08 [1.00-1.17]) than the normal weight class, but the association was attenuated in analyses adjusted for additional covariates (OR [95% CI] = 1.07 [0.98-1.16]). CONCLUSIONS Three BMI trajectory classes can be distinguished from early adolescence to young adulthood. The accumulation of adverse life events is not related to BMI trajectory class.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonie K Elsenburg
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI-KNAW), The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Nynke Smidt
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans W Hoek
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aart C Liefbroer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI-KNAW), The Hague, the Netherlands
- Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Direct and indirect effects of parent stress on child obesity risk and added sugar intake in a sample of Southern California adolescents. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20:3285-3294. [PMID: 28980520 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001700252x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research indicates that children are at higher risk for obesity if their parents have been exposed to a larger number of stressors, yet little is known about effects of parents' subjective, perceived experience of stress on children's eating behaviours and adiposity and whether weight-related parenting practices (i.e. parent rules and positive family meal practices) mediate this relationship. The present study evaluated the direct and mediated relationship between parent perceived stress and child waist circumference and parent stress and child consumption of added sugars one year later. DESIGN Longitudinal panel data. SETTING Eleven communities in Southern California, USA. SUBJECTS Data were collected over two waves from parent-child dyads (n 599). Most parents were female (81 %) and Hispanic (51 %); children were 11 years old on average (sd 1·53; range 7-15 years) and 31 % received free school lunch. RESULTS Perceived parent stress was not significantly associated with child waist circumference or consumption of added sugars one year later, and mediating pathways through parenting practices were not significant. However, parent rules were significantly associated with lower child consumption of added sugars (β=-0·14, P<0·001). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that parent rules about the types of foods children can eat, clearly explained to children, may decrease child consumption of added sugars but not necessarily lead to changes in obesity risk. Parent- and family-based interventions that support development of healthy rules about child eating have the potential to improve child dietary nutrient intake.
Collapse
|
31
|
Min J, Xue H, Wang VHC, Li M, Wang Y. Are single children more likely to be overweight or obese than those with siblings? The influence of China's one-child policy on childhood obesity. Prev Med 2017; 103:8-13. [PMID: 28739490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
China's one-child policy (1979-2015) has affected Chinese parenting practices and children's health behaviors and also may have contributed to increased childhood obesity. However, very limited research has investigated the association between one-child policy and childhood obesity. We examined characteristics of single-child families and the influence of one-child policy (indicated by single-child status) on children's weight status and related health behaviors. Data from children aged 6-18years old in the 2011 (n=1580) and 2000 (n=2317) China Health and Nutrition Survey were cross-sectionally analyzed with multilevel models. From 2000 to 2011, the rates about doubled for being a single-child (30.1% to 57.0%) and being overweight or obese (OWB, 6.6% to 16.5%) along with urbanization (27.5% to 37.1%). Single-child families had higher levels of parental education, household income and urban residence than families with ≥ two children (p<0.05). Compared to the children with siblings, single children were more likely to be OWB; the association became stronger over time (OR=4.5 (1.7-12.4) in 2011 and 1.7 (1.0-2.8) in 2000). Also, single children had less recreational screen time, but similar physical activity levels; however single urban children were more likely to have excess total energy intake (OR=5.70 (1.58-20.60)) than those with siblings. Being single-child is about four times more likely to be overweight/obesity than those having siblings, and the association became stronger over time in China. China's one-child policy might have contributed to its rising childhood obesity rates. Obesity intervention programs may need to account for the influence of the one-child policy in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungwon Min
- Systems-oriented Global Childhood Obesity Intervention Program, Fisher Institute of Health and Well-being, College of Health, Ball State University, USA; Systems-oriented Global Childhood Obesity Intervention Program, Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hong Xue
- Systems-oriented Global Childhood Obesity Intervention Program, Fisher Institute of Health and Well-being, College of Health, Ball State University, USA; Systems-oriented Global Childhood Obesity Intervention Program, Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Vivian H C Wang
- Wagner School of Public Service, New York University, USA; Systems-oriented Global Childhood Obesity Intervention Program, Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Miao Li
- Systems-oriented Global Childhood Obesity Intervention Program, Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Youfa Wang
- Systems-oriented Global Childhood Obesity Intervention Program, Fisher Institute of Health and Well-being, College of Health, Ball State University, USA; Systems-oriented Global Childhood Obesity Intervention Program, Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Health, Ball State Universty, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Elsenburg LK, van Wijk KJE, Liefbroer AC, Smidt N. Accumulation of adverse childhood events and overweight in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:820-832. [PMID: 28371524 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study systematically summarizes the evidence of all observational studies investigating the relation between accumulation of adverse life events and measures of overweight in children <18 years. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were systematically searched (last search date 18 February 2015). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for methodological quality assessment. Study estimates were pooled using a random-effects model, and sources of heterogeneity were explored (PROSPERO registration number CRD42014014927). RESULTS Eighteen articles were included, containing five longitudinal (n = 6,361) and fourteen cross-sectional and case-control study results (n = 52,318). The pooled estimate of the longitudinal studies showed that accumulation of adverse life events is positively related to childhood overweight measures (OR [95% CI] = 1.12 [1.01-1.25]). Cross-sectional and case-control study results were heterogeneous. Subgroup analyses showed that cross-sectional and case-control studies using a continuous adverse events measure, studies using a continuous overweight measure, and studies in children >6-12 years also generated positive pooled estimates, while the pooled estimate of studies assessing recent adverse events (past 2 years) was indicative of no relation with overweight. CONCLUSIONS Accumulation of adverse life events and childhood overweight measures are positively associated. However, increases in overweight measures in response to adverse childhood events do not seem to occur instantaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonie K Elsenburg
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI-KNAW), The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Kim J E van Wijk
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI-KNAW), The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Aart C Liefbroer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI-KNAW), The Hague, the Netherlands
- Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nynke Smidt
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
The Longitudinal Relation Between Accumulation of Adverse Life Events and Body Mass Index From Early Adolescence to Young Adulthood. Psychosom Med 2017; 79:365-373. [PMID: 27680602 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stressors, such as adverse life events, can cause weight changes through behavioral and biological mechanisms. Whether the accumulation of adverse life events is related to body mass index (BMI) across multiple time points from early adolescence to young adulthood has not been investigated to date. METHODS Data are from 2188 children participating at T1 (10-12 years), T3 (14-18 years), and/or T5 (21-23 years) of the prospective Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey cohort study. Adverse events before T1 and between T1, T3, and T5 were measured with a parent interview at T1 and a semistructured interview (Event History Calendar) with the adolescent at T3 and T5. An adverse events score was calculated per wave. Body mass index z-scores were determined from objectively measured height and weight using the LMS (skewness, median, and coefficient of variation) reference curves of the International Obesity Task Force for children 18 years or younger. Data were analyzed using a modified bivariate autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation model. RESULTS Adverse events before T1 and between T3 and T5 were related to BMI at T5 (β = 0.06, p = .001 and β = -0.04, p = .04, respectively). Specifically, health events before T1 were associated with a higher BMI at T5, and events related to relationships and victimhood events between T3 and T5 were associated with a lower BMI at T5. CONCLUSIONS Adverse relationship and victimhood events in their recent past were related to a lower BMI in young adults, whereas adverse health events during childhood were related to a higher BMI in young adults. No relationships were found between adverse life events with BMI in children and adolescents.
Collapse
|
34
|
Hofmann J, Meule A, Reichenberger J, Weghuber D, Ardelt-Gattinger E, Blechert J. Crave, Like, Eat: Determinants of Food Intake in a Sample of Children and Adolescents with a Wide Range in Body Mass. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1389. [PMID: 27708598 PMCID: PMC5030249 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a heterogeneous condition with obese individuals displaying different eating patterns. Growing evidence suggests that there is a subgroup of obese adults that is marked by frequent and intense food cravings and addiction-like consumption of high-calorie foods. Little is known, however, about such a subgroup of obese individuals in childhood and adolescence. In the present study, a sample of children and adolescents with a wide range in body mass was investigated and trait food craving, liking for and intake of high- and low-calorie foods was measured. One-hundred and forty-two children and adolescents (51.4% female, n = 73; Mage = 13.7 years, SD = 2.25; MBMI-SDS = 1.26, SD = 1.50) completed the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait, then viewed pictures of high- and low-calorie foods and rated their liking for them, and subsequently consumed some of these foods in a bogus taste test. Contrary to expectations, higher body mass was associated with lower consumption of high-calorie foods. However, there was an interaction between body mass and trait food craving when predicting food consumption: in obese participants, higher trait food craving was associated with higher consumption of high-calorie foods and this association was not found in normal-weight participants. The relationship between trait food craving and high-calorie food consumption within obese individuals was mediated by higher liking for high-calorie foods (but not by liking for low-calorie foods). Thus, similar to adults, a subgroup of obese children and adolescents - characterized by high trait food craving - seems to exist, calling for specific targeted treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hofmann
- Department of Psychology, University of SalzburgSalzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria
- Obesity Academy AustriaSalzburg, Austria
| | - Adrian Meule
- Department of Psychology, University of SalzburgSalzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of SalzburgSalzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Reichenberger
- Department of Psychology, University of SalzburgSalzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of SalzburgSalzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria
- Obesity Academy AustriaSalzburg, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Ardelt-Gattinger
- Department of Psychology, University of SalzburgSalzburg, Austria
- Obesity Academy AustriaSalzburg, Austria
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, University of SalzburgSalzburg, Austria
- Obesity Academy AustriaSalzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of SalzburgSalzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bergmann S, Schlesier-Michel A, Wendt V, Grube M, Keitel-Korndörfer A, Gausche R, von Klitzing K, Klein AM. Maternal Weight Predicts Children's Psychosocial Development via Parenting Stress and Emotional Availability. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1156. [PMID: 27559321 PMCID: PMC4978733 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Maternal obesity has been shown to be a risk factor for obesity in children and may also affect children's psychosocial outcomes. It is not yet clear whether there are also psycho-emotional mechanisms explaining the effects of maternal weight on young children's weight and psychosocial development. We aimed to evaluate whether maternal body mass index (BMI), mother–child emotional availability (EA), and maternal parenting stress are associated with children's weight and psychosocial development (i.e., internalizing/externalizing symptoms and social competence) and whether these predictors interact with each other. Methods: This longitudinal study included three assessment points (~11 months apart). The baseline sample consisted of N = 194 mothers and their children aged 5–47 months (M = 28.18, SD = 8.44, 99 girls). At t1, we measured maternal weight and height to calculate maternal BMI. We videotaped mother–child interactions, coding them with the EA Scales (fourth edition). We assessed maternal parenting stress with the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) short form. At t1 to t3, we measured height and weight of children and calculated BMI–SDS scores. Children's externalizing and internalizing problems (t1–t3) and social competence (t3, N = 118) were assessed using questionnaires: Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 1.5–5), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ: prosocial behavior), and a checklist for behavioral problems at preschool age (VBV 3–6: social-emotional competence). Results: By applying structural equation modeling (SEM) and a latent regression analysis, we found maternal BMI to predict higher BMI–SDS and a poorer psychosocial development (higher externalizing symptoms, lower social competence) in children. Higher parenting stress predicted higher levels of externalizing and internalizing symptoms and lower social competence. Better maternal EA was associated with higher social competence. We found parenting stress to serve as a mediator in the association between maternal weight and children's psychosocial outcomes. Moreover, children of mothers with an elevated BMI were at greater risk of lower social competence only when their mothers showed low levels of maternal EA (moderation). Conclusion: Interventional studies are needed that investigate the causal pathways between parenting stress, mother–child interaction quality and child outcomes. These aspects might be targets to improve the psychosocial development of the offspring of overweight or obese mothers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bergmann
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig University Medical CenterLeipzig, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Schlesier-Michel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany; Department of Developmental Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-University of JenaJena, Germany
| | - Verena Wendt
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig University Medical CenterLeipzig, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Grube
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Keitel-Korndörfer
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig University Medical CenterLeipzig, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Ruth Gausche
- CrescNet gGmbH, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kai von Klitzing
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette M Klein
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Parenting Stress Related to Behavioral Problems and Disease Severity in Children with Problematic Severe Asthma. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2016; 22:179-93. [PMID: 26054697 PMCID: PMC4575360 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-015-9423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Our study examined parenting stress and its association with behavioral problems and disease severity in children with problematic severe asthma. Research participants were 93 children (mean age 13.4 ± 2.7 years) and their parents (86 mothers, 59 fathers). As compared to reference groups analyzed in previous research, scores on the Parenting Stress Index in mothers and fathers of the children with problematic severe asthma were low. Higher parenting stress was associated with higher levels of internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems in children (Child Behavior Checklist). Higher parenting stress in mothers was also associated with higher airway inflammation (FeNO). Thus, although parenting stress was suggested to be low in this group, higher parenting stress, especially in the mother, is associated with more airway inflammation and greater child behavioral problems. This indicates the importance of focusing care in this group on all possible sources of problems, i.e., disease exacerbations and behavioral problems in the child as well as parenting stress.
Collapse
|
37
|
Stress-induced alterations in estradiol sensitivity increase risk for obesity in women. Physiol Behav 2016; 166:56-64. [PMID: 27182047 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity in the United States continues to rise, increasing individual vulnerability to an array of adverse health outcomes. One factor that has been implicated causally in the increased accumulation of fat and excess food intake is the activity of the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (LHPA) axis in the face of relentless stressor exposure. However, translational and clinical research continues to understudy the effects sex and gonadal hormones and LHPA axis dysfunction in the etiology of obesity even though women continue to be at greater risk than men for stress-induced disorders, including depression, emotional feeding and obesity. The current review will emphasize the need for sex-specific evaluation of the relationship between stress exposure and LHPA axis activity on individual risk for obesity by summarizing data generated by animal models currently being leveraged to determine the etiology of stress-induced alterations in feeding behavior and metabolism. There exists a clear lack of translational models that have been used to study female-specific risk. One translational model of psychosocial stress exposure that has proven fruitful in elucidating potential mechanisms by which females are at increased risk for stress-induced adverse health outcomes is that of social subordination in socially housed female macaque monkeys. Data from subordinate female monkeys suggest that increased risk for emotional eating and the development of obesity in females may be due to LHPA axis-induced changes in the behavioral and physiological sensitivity of estradiol. The lack in understanding of the mechanisms underlying these alterations necessitate the need to account for the effects of sex and gonadal hormones in the rationale, design, implementation, analysis and interpretation of results in our studies of stress axis function in obesity. Doing so may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets with which to combat stress-induced obesity exclusively in females.
Collapse
|
38
|
Mesgarani M, Hosseinbor M, Shafiee S, Sarkoubi R. The Relationship of Parental Mental Health and Dietary Pattern With Adolescent Mental Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH RISK BEHAVIORS & ADDICTION 2016; 5:e26616. [PMID: 27218068 PMCID: PMC4867426 DOI: 10.5812/ijhrba.26616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Today, ensuring people’s health and well-being has become a concern for societies. Health status results from an interaction of an individuals’ various psychological, social, and physical aspects. Objectives This study aims to investigate the relationship of parental mental health and dietary pattern with adolescent mental health. Patients and Methods In this study, 250 high school students in Shiraz were selected using random cluster sampling. The samples were analyzed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Results According to the findings, parental mental health explains 22% of the variance in children’s mental health, so that in simultaneous regression, physical dimensions, anxiety, social functioning, and depression predicted 13%, 24%, 11%, and 24% of the variance of criterion variables, respectively. No significant relationship was observed between dietary pattern and adolescent mental health dimensions. There was a significant negative relationship only between depression and vegetable intake. Moreover, fruit (r = 0.15, P < 0.05) and vegetable (r = 0.16, P < 0.05) intake had a significant relationship with parental mental health dimensions. Conclusions Parents’ mental health and their psychological characteristics can be related to children’s mental health and affect their dietary intake patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mesgarani
- Zahedan Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
| | - Mohsen Hosseinbor
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, IR Iran
| | - Shahla Shafiee
- Childern and Adolescents Health Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Shahla Shafiee, Childern and Adolescents Health Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-5433442482, Fax: +98-5433442481, E-mail: shaflees
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hofmann J, Ardelt-Gattinger E, Paulmichl K, Weghuber D, Blechert J. Dietary restraint and impulsivity modulate neural responses to food in adolescents with obesity and healthy adolescents. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:2183-9. [PMID: 26381395 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite alarming prevalence rates, surprisingly little is known about neural mechanisms underlying eating behavior in juveniles with obesity. To simulate reactivity to modern food environments, event-related potentials (ERP) to appetizing food images (relative to control images) were recorded in adolescents with obesity and healthy adolescents. METHODS Thirty-four adolescents with obesity (patients) and 24 matched healthy control adolescents watched and rated standardized food and object images during ERP recording. Personality (impulsivity) and eating styles (trait craving and dietary restraint) were assessed as potential moderators. RESULTS Food relative to object images triggered larger early (P100) and late (P300) ERPs. More impulsive individuals had considerably larger food-specific P100 amplitudes in both groups. Controls with higher restraint scores showed reduced food-specific P300 amplitudes and subjective palatability ratings whereas patients with higher restraint scores showed increased P300 and palatability ratings. CONCLUSIONS This first ERP study in adolescents with obesity and controls revealed impulsivity as a general risk factor in the current obesogenic environment by increasing food-cue salience. Dietary restraint showed paradoxical effects in patients, making them more vulnerable to visual food-cues. Salutogenic therapeutic approaches that deemphasize strict dietary restraint and foster healthy food choice might reduce such paradoxical effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hofmann
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Academy Austria, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Ardelt-Gattinger
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Academy Austria, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Paulmichl
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Academy Austria, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Academy Austria, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jens Blechert
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Academy Austria, Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Barriuso L, Miqueleiz E, Albaladejo R, Villanueva R, Santos JM, Regidor E. Socioeconomic position and childhood-adolescent weight status in rich countries: a systematic review, 1990-2013. BMC Pediatr 2015; 15:129. [PMID: 26391227 PMCID: PMC4578240 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-015-0443-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity is a major problem in rich countries due to its high prevalence and its harmful health consequences. An exploratory analysis conducted in the PubMed database highlighted that the number of papers published on the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and childhood-adolescent weight status had risen substantially with respect to an earlier review which had covered the period 1990–2005. Methods To describe the findings on the relationship between SEP and childhood-adolescent weight status in papers published in rich countries from 1990 through 2013, studies were identified in the following databases: PubMed; Web of Knowledge (WOK); PsycINFO; Global Health; and Embase. We included observational studies from the 27 richest OECD countries, which covered study populations aged 0 to 21 years, and used parental education, income and/or occupation as family SEP indicators. A total of 158 papers met the inclusion criteria and reported 134 bivariable and 90 multivariable analyses. Results Examination of the results yielded by the bivariable analyses showed that 60.4 % of studies found an inverse relationship, 18.7 % of studies did not found relationship, and 20.9 % of studies found a relationship that varied depending on another variable, such as age, sex or ethnic group; the corresponding percentages in the multivariable analyses were 51.1, 20.0 and 27.8 %, respectively. Furthermore, 1.1 % found a positive relationship. Conclusion The relationship between SEP and childhood-adolescent weight status in rich countries is predominantly inverse and the positive relationship almost has disappeared. The SEP indicator that yields the highest proportion of inverse relationships is parents’ education. The proportion of inverse relationships is higher when the weight status is reported by parents instead using objective measurements. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-015-0443-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barriuso
- Instituto de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Estrella Miqueleiz
- Department of Sociology, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, s/n, 31006, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Romana Albaladejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa Villanueva
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juana M Santos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Enrique Regidor
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dunton GF, Liao Y, Dzubur E, Leventhal AM, Huh J, Gruenewald T, Margolin G, Koprowski C, Tate E, Intille S. Investigating within-day and longitudinal effects of maternal stress on children's physical activity, dietary intake, and body composition: Protocol for the MATCH study. Contemp Clin Trials 2015; 43:142-54. [PMID: 25987483 PMCID: PMC4861058 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Parental stress is an understudied factor that may compromise parenting practices related to children's dietary intake, physical activity, and obesity. However, studies examining these associations have been subject to methodological limitations, including cross-sectional designs, retrospective measures, a lack of stress biomarkers, and the tendency to overlook momentary etiologic processes occurring within each day. This paper describes the recruitment, data collection, and data analytic protocols for the MATCH (Mothers And Their Children's Health) study, a longitudinal investigation using novel real-time data capture strategies to examine within-day associations of maternal stress with children's physical activity and dietary intake, and how these effects contribute to children's obesity risk. In the MATCH study, 200 mothers and their 8 to 12 year-old children are participating in 6 semi-annual assessment waves across 3 years. At each wave, measures for mother-child dyads include: (a) real-time Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) of self-reported daily psychosocial stressors (e.g., work at a job, family demands), feeling stressed, perceived stress, parenting practices, dietary intake, and physical activity with time and location stamps; (b) diurnal salivary cortisol patterns, accelerometer-monitored physical activity, and 24-hour dietary recalls; (c) retrospective questionnaires of sociodemographic, cultural, family, and neighborhood covariates; and (d) height, weight, and waist circumference. Putative within-day and longitudinal effects of maternal stress on children's dietary intake, physical activity, and body composition will be tested through multilevel modeling and latent growth curve models, respectively. The results will inform interventions that help mothers reduce the negative effects of stress on weight-related parenting practices and children's obesity risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd floor, Rm 302E, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA 90033-9045, USA.
| | - Yue Liao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd floor, Rm 302E, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA 90033-9045, USA
| | - Eldin Dzubur
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd floor, Rm 302E, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA 90033-9045, USA
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd floor, Rm 302E, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA 90033-9045, USA
| | - Jimi Huh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd floor, Rm 302E, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA 90033-9045, USA
| | - Tara Gruenewald
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd floor, Rm 302E, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA 90033-9045, USA
| | - Gayla Margolin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd floor, Rm 302E, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA 90033-9045, USA
| | - Carol Koprowski
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd floor, Rm 302E, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA 90033-9045, USA
| | - Eleanor Tate
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd floor, Rm 302E, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA 90033-9045, USA
| | - Stephen Intille
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd floor, Rm 302E, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA 90033-9045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pratt KJ, McRitchie S, Collier DN, Lutes LD, Sumner S. Parent & Family Influences on Adopting Healthy Weight-Related Behaviors: Views and Perceptions of Obese African-American Female Adolescents. J Natl Med Assoc 2015; 107:74-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
43
|
Sahoo K, Sahoo B, Choudhury AK, Sofi NY, Kumar R, Bhadoria AS. Childhood obesity: causes and consequences. J Family Med Prim Care 2015; 4:187-92. [PMID: 25949965 PMCID: PMC4408699 DOI: 10.4103/2249-4863.154628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 878] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels in developed as well as in developing countries. Overweight and obesity in childhood are known to have significant impact on both physical and psychological health. Overweight and obese children are likely to stay obese into adulthood and more likely to develop non-communicable diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases at a younger age. The mechanism of obesity development is not fully understood and it is believed to be a disorder with multiple causes. Environmental factors, lifestyle preferences, and cultural environment play pivotal roles in the rising prevalence of obesity worldwide. In general, overweight and obesity are assumed to be the results of an increase in caloric and fat intake. On the other hand, there are supporting evidence that excessive sugar intake by soft drink, increased portion size, and steady decline in physical activity have been playing major roles in the rising rates of obesity all around the world. Childhood obesity can profoundly affect children's physical health, social, and emotional well-being, and self esteem. It is also associated with poor academic performance and a lower quality of life experienced by the child. Many co-morbid conditions like metabolic, cardiovascular, orthopedic, neurological, hepatic, pulmonary, and renal disorders are also seen in association with childhood obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krushnapriya Sahoo
- Phd Scholar, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Bishnupriya Sahoo
- Senior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Vardhmann Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Choudhury
- Assistant Professor, Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nighat Yasin Sofi
- Research Scientist, Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raman Kumar
- CMO In Charge Emergency, Department of Clinical Research, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajeet Singh Bhadoria
- Epidemiologist and Public Health Specialist, Department of Clinical Research, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tate EB, Wood W, Liao Y, Dunton GF. Do stressed mothers have heavier children? A meta-analysis on the relationship between maternal stress and child body mass index. Obes Rev 2015; 16:351-61. [PMID: 25879393 PMCID: PMC4447110 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Child obesity continues to be a prevalent public health issue. This meta-analysis synthesized 17 studies investigating the association between levels of psychological stress experienced by mothers and the body mass index of their children. The overall standardized mean difference effect size was positive and significantly different from zero in cross-sectional d = 0.20 (k = 14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06, 0.34) and longitudinal studies d = 0.18 (k = 5, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.351) and had significant heterogeneity in both (cross-sectional, Q[13] = 193.00, P < 0.001; longitudinal, Q[4] = 29.46, P < 0.001). In longitudinal studies, effect sizes were larger when children also would have experienced the stressor, Q(6) = 4.68, P < 0.05, for toddlers than infants, Q(4) = 5.04, P < 0.05, and in higher quality studies, Q(4) = 14.58, P < 0.05. Results highlight the potential benefits of including a parent stress management component in childhood obesity prevention programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E B Tate
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hohwü L, Gissler M, Sjöberg A, Biehl AM, Kristjansson AL, Obel C. Prevalence of overweight in 2 to 17 year-old children and adolescents whose parents live separately: a Nordic cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1216. [PMID: 25420881 PMCID: PMC4289363 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Comparative data of parental separation and childhood overweight has not been available before across the Nordic countries. The aim of this study was to examine the within-country prevalence and association between parental cohabitation and overweight in Nordic children. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 2-17-year-old children was conducted in 2011, titled: “NordChild”. A random sample of 3,200 parents in each of the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden were invited to participate in the study with parents of 6,609 children accepting to give answers about their children’s health and welfare including information on height and weight of each child and parental cohabitation (response rate 41.5%). The group differences in prevalence and adjusted odds ratio (OR) for overweight, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were performed in children whose parents lived separately. Additionally, a missing data analysis was performed to determine whether the adjusted estimates might result from confounding or selection bias. Results A significant difference was observed in Iceland between children whose parents live separately compared to those who live with both parents (difference: 9.4%, 95% CI: 2.8; 15.9) but no such difference was observed in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. No significant odds of overweight were observed in children whose parents lived separately compared to children in normal weight at the time of study; Denmark: OR 1.03 (95% CI: 0.42; 2.53), Finland: OR 1.27 (95% CI: 0.74; 2.20), Iceland: OR 1.50 (95% CI: 0.79; 2.84), Norway: OR 1.46 (95% CI: 0.81; 2.62), and Sweden: 1.07 (95% CI: 0.61; 1.86). The missing data analysis indicated that the findings in Norway, Finland and Iceland were partly observed due to selection effects, whereas the adjustment in Denmark was due to confounding. The crude OR for overweight was higher in the 2-9-year-old group than in the 10-17-year-old group whose parents lived separately in Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Conclusions No association between parental cohabitation and overweight in Nordic children was found. Our finding of greater prevalence of overweight in Icelandic children whose parents live separately may be an indication that the welfare system in Iceland is separating from the other Nordic countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hohwü
- Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
The aim of this review is to examine two factors that may be associated with development of childhood overweight: early feeding, namely exclusive breastfeeding practices; family structure. Findings from the Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS (IDEFICS) study are presented in the context of the literature. IDEFICS is a multi-centre European study exploring the risks for overweight and obesity in children, which recruited 16,224 children aged 2-9 years from September 2007 to June 2008 at survey centres in Italy, Estonia, Cyprus, Belgium, Sweden, Hungary, Germany and Spain. Among the IDEFICS sample, after controlling for confounders, exclusive breastfeeding for 4-6 months was protective of overweight (including obesity) when compared with children never exclusively breastfed (OR 0·73, 95% CI 0·63, 0·85). Family structure and number of siblings may also be associated with overweight. IDEFICS children without siblings were more likely (OR 1·52, 95% CI 1·34, 1·72) to be overweight than their peers with siblings when controlling for factors related to childhood overweight such as country, parental education, parental weight, maternal age, child's age, birth weight and gender. Both early feeding practices and family structure play a role in the future development of obesity. The impact of breastfeeding on future development of overweight is dependent upon the dose. Exclusive breastfeeding for the recommended 6 months appears to be protective of overweight. Family structure is also an important component and emerging research suggests only children are at increased risk for overweight in comparison with those with siblings. In European countries, approximately 22 million children are overweight. Early dietary exposures, genetic, environmental and social factors have all been proposed as potential causal factors. Two such factors include exclusive breastfeeding and the impact of being an only child. We have investigated these two factors for associations with overweight; our studies, in the context of previous findings, are the focus of this review.
Collapse
|
47
|
Stein D, Weinberger-Litman SL, Latzer Y. Psychosocial perspectives and the issue of prevention in childhood obesity. Front Public Health 2014; 2:104. [PMID: 25133140 PMCID: PMC4116804 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A dramatic increase in childhood overweight/obesity has been recognized globally over the past 50 years. This observed increase may reflect genetic, as well as psychological, environmental, and socio-cultural influences. In the first part of this review, we present an updated summary of the psychosocial factors associated with this change and discuss possible ways in which they operate. Among these factors, lower socio economic status (in both industrialized and non-industrialized countries), being female, belonging to a minority group, and being exposed to adverse life events may all be associated with a greater risk of childhood overweight/obesity. These influences may be mediated via a variety of mechanisms, in particular above-average food intake of low nutritional quality and reduction in physical activity. Other important psychosocial mediators include the influence of the family and peer environment, and exposure to the media. In the second part of the review, we discuss the potential of psychosocial prevention programs to intervene in the processes involved in the rise of childhood overweight/obesity. Two points are emphasized. First, prevention programs should be multidisciplinary, combining the knowledge of experts from different professions, and taking into consideration the important role of the family environment and relevant influential social organizations, particularly school. Second, effective change is unlikely to occur without large-scale programs carried out on a public policy level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stein
- Pediatric Psychosomatic Department, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center , Tel Hashomer , Israel ; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | | | - Yael Latzer
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, Haifa University , Haifa , Israel ; Eating Disorders Clinic, Psychiatric Division, Rambam Medical Center , Haifa , Israel
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mazzeschi C, Pazzagli C, Laghezza L, Radi G, Battistini D, De Feo P. The role of both parents' attachment pattern in understanding childhood obesity. Front Psychol 2014; 5:791. [PMID: 25120507 PMCID: PMC4112908 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the research area on the determinants of childhood obesity, a relatively new approach is the use of attachment theory to explore the mechanisms underlying children’s obesity risk, especially considered as emotion regulation strategies in parent–child relationship. Few are the empirical researches that have addressed this issue. The empirical investigations have used self-report measures to assess adult attachment. In attachment studies, the use of interview methods and/or performance-based instruments is advised to evaluate the entire range of possible adult attachment patterns and comprehensively explain the emotional strategies, correlates, and consequences of individual differences in attachment system functioning. The aim of this study was to explore the extent to which both parents’ attachment patterns serve as self-regulative mechanisms related to childhood overweight/obesity by the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP) in a sample of 44 mothers and fathers of children referred for obesity. Insecure attachment was found as a risk factor both for mothers and fathers. Also unresolved/disorganization was found to play a significant role in childhood obesity. The role of father’s attachment was explored and findings suggested considering it in etiology and treatment of childhood obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mazzeschi
- Department of Philosophy and Human Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia Italy
| | - Chiara Pazzagli
- Department of Philosophy and Human Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia Italy
| | - Loredana Laghezza
- Department of Philosophy and Human Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia Italy
| | - Giulia Radi
- Department of Philosophy and Human Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia Italy
| | - Dalila Battistini
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Perugia Italy
| | - Pierpaolo De Feo
- Health Lifestyle Institute, Centro Universitario Ricerca Interdipartimentale per l'Attività Motoria, University of Perugia, Perugia Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hauser SI, Economos CD, Nelson ME, Goldberg JP, Hyatt RR, Naumova EN, Anderson SE, Must A. Household and family factors related to weight status in first through third graders: a cross-sectional study in Eastern Massachusetts. BMC Pediatr 2014; 14:167. [PMID: 24984590 PMCID: PMC4112984 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early environmental influences have been linked to child weight status, however further understanding of associations in diverse populations is needed. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of household and family factors associated with overweight was conducted on a culturally diverse, urban dwelling sample of 820 first through third graders (mean age 7.6 ± 1.0 years) residing in three eastern Massachusetts cities. Overweight was defined as BMI > 85th percentile, based on measured height and weight, and the CDC growth reference. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify demographic, behavioral, and social environmental variables significantly related to weight status. Independent variables included race-ethnicity, age, sex, servings of sugar-sweetened beverages/week, hours of screen time/week, parent overweight, (calculated from self-reported weight/height), parent education, household food restriction rules regarding snacking and/or kitchen access, frequency of having dinner as a family (reported as "a lot" vs. "sometimes/rarely/never") and child vitamin/mineral supplement use. Selected interactions were explored based on prior studies. RESULTS Prevalence of overweight was 35.5% in girls and 40.8% in boys. In the final, adjusted model, compared to white children, the odds of overweight were higher in children of Hispanic race-ethnicity (odds ratio (OR) = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.4 - 4.1). In the same adjusted model, compared to children with no household food restriction rules, the odds of overweight were 2.6 (95% CI = 1.3-5.1) times higher and 3.5 (95% CI = 1.9-6.4) times higher for children having one rule or two rules, respectively. Parent report of frequent family dinner and child vitamin use were protective, with a halving of risk for overweight for each behavior (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.31-0.71 and OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.37-0.78, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In the presence of other factors, frequent family dinner and vitamin use were associated with lower risk of overweight and household food restriction rules with higher risk. Although such relationships have previously been reported, this investigation is among the first to demonstrate these associations in a low-income, racially-diverse early elementary school population, and suggest potential targets of opportunity within the family context that could reduce child overweight risk in a subgroup of children at elevated risk of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Irish Hauser
- The Sage Colleges, School of Health Sciences, 65 First St, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wilson ME, Moore CJ, Ethun KF, Johnson ZP. Understanding the control of ingestive behavior in primates. Horm Behav 2014; 66:86-94. [PMID: 24727080 PMCID: PMC4051844 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Energy Balance". Ingestive behavior in free-ranging populations of nonhuman primates is influenced by resource availability and social group organization and provides valuable insight on the evolution of ecologically adaptive behaviors and physiological systems. As captive populations were established, questions regarding proximate mechanisms that regulate food intake in these animals could be more easily addressed. The availability of these captive populations has led to the use of selected species to understand appetite control or metabolic physiology in humans. Recognizing the difficulty of quantitating food intake in free-ranging groups, the use of captive, singly-housed animals provided a distinct advantage though, at the same time, produced a different social ecology from the animals' natural habitat. However, the recent application of novel technologies to quantitate caloric intake and energy expenditure in free-feeding, socially housed monkeys permits prospective studies that can accurately define how food intake changes in response to any number of interventions in the context of a social environment. This review provides an overview of studies examining food intake using captive nonhuman primates organized into three areas: a) neurochemical regulation of food intake in nonhuman primates; b) whether exposure to specific diets during key developmental periods programs differences in diet preferences or changes the expression of feeding related neuropeptides; and c) how psychosocial factors influence appetite regulation. Because feeding patterns are driven by more than just satiety and orexigenic signals, appreciating how the social context influences pattern of feeding in nonhuman primates may be quite informative for understanding the biological complexity of feeding in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Wilson
- Division of Developmental & Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Carla J Moore
- Division of Developmental & Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Graduate Program in Nutrition & Health Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kelly F Ethun
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zachary P Johnson
- Division of Developmental & Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|