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Kang B, Wang J, Guo S, Yang L. Mercury-induced toxicity: Mechanisms, molecular pathways, and gene regulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 943:173577. [PMID: 38852866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Mercury is a well-known neurotoxicant for humans and wildlife. The epidemic of mercury poisoning in Japan has clearly demonstrated that chronic exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) results in serious neurological damage to the cerebral and cerebellar cortex, leading to the dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS), especially in infants exposed to MeHg in utero. The occurrences of poisoning have caused a wide public concern regarding the health risk emanating from MeHg exposure; particularly those eating large amounts of fish may experience the low-level and long-term exposure. There is growing evidence that MeHg at environmentally relevant concentrations can affect the health of biota in the ecosystem. Although extensive in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that the disruption of redox homeostasis and microtube assembly is mainly responsible for mercurial toxicity leading to adverse health outcomes, it is still unclear whether we could quantitively determine the occurrence of interaction between mercurial and thiols and/or selenols groups of proteins linked directly to outcomes, especially at very low levels of exposure. Furthermore, intracellular calcium homeostasis, cytoskeleton, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter release, and DNA methylation may be the targets of mercury compounds; however, the primary targets associated with the adverse outcomes remain to be elucidated. Considering these knowledge gaps, in this article, we conducted a comprehensive review of mercurial toxicity, focusing mainly on the mechanism, and genes/proteins expression. We speculated that comprehensive analyses of transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics could enhance interpretation of "omics" profiles, which may reveal specific biomarkers obviously correlated with specific pathways that mediate selective neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Shaojuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, China.
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2
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Munshed M, Van Griensven Thé J, Fraser R, Matthews B, Elkamel A. Country-Wide Ecological Health Assessment Methodology for Air Toxics: Bridging Gaps in Ecosystem Impact Understanding and Policy Foundations. TOXICS 2024; 12:42. [PMID: 38250998 PMCID: PMC10820021 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Amid the growing concerns about air toxics from pollution sources, much emphasis has been placed on their impacts on human health. However, there has been limited research conducted to assess the cumulative country-wide impact of air toxics on both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, as well as the complex interactions within food webs. Traditional approaches, including those of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), lack versatility in addressing diverse emission sources and their distinct ecological repercussions. This study addresses these gaps by introducing the Ecological Health Assessment Methodology (EHAM), a novel approach that transcends traditional methods by enabling both comprehensive country-wide and detailed regional ecological risk assessments across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. EHAM also advances the field by developing new food-chain multipliers (magnification factors) for localized ecosystem food web models. Employing traditional ecological multimedia risk assessment of toxics' fate and transport techniques as its foundation, this study extends US EPA methodologies to a broader range of emission sources. The quantification of risk estimation employs the quotient method, which yields an ecological screening quotient (ESQ). Utilizing Kuwait as a case study for the application of this methodology, this study's findings for data from 2017 indicate a substantial ecological risk in Kuwait's coastal zone, with cumulative ESQ values reaching as high as 3.12 × 103 for carnivorous shorebirds, contrasted by negligible risks in the inland and production zones, where ESQ values for all groups are consistently below 1.0. By analyzing the toxicity reference value (TRV) against the expected daily exposure of receptors to air toxics, the proposed methodology provides valuable insights into the potential ecological risks and their subsequent impacts on ecological populations. The present contribution aims to deepen the understanding of the ecological health implications of air toxics and lay the foundation for informed, ecology-driven policymaking, underscoring the need for measures to mitigate these impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Munshed
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Lakes Environmental Software, Waterloo, ON N2L 3L3, Canada
| | - Jesse Van Griensven Thé
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Lakes Environmental Software, Waterloo, ON N2L 3L3, Canada
| | - Roydon Fraser
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Bryan Matthews
- Lakes Environmental Software, Waterloo, ON N2L 3L3, Canada
| | - Ali Elkamel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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3
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Glinin TS, Petrova MV, Shcherbinina V, Shubina AN, Dukelskaya AV, Starshova PV, Mamontova V, Burnusuz A, Godunova AO, Romashchenko AV, Moshkin MP, Khaitovich P, Daev EV. Pheromone of grouped female mice impairs genome stability in male mice through stress-mediated pathways. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17622. [PMID: 37848549 PMCID: PMC10582102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44647-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Population density is known to affect the health and survival of many species, and is especially important for social animals. In mice, living in crowded conditions results in the disruption of social interactions, chronic stress, and immune and reproductive suppression; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of chemosignals in the regulation of mouse physiology and behavior in response to social crowding. The pheromone 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (2,5-DMP), which is released by female mice in crowded conditions, induced aversion, glucocorticoid elevation and, when chronic, resulted in reproductive and immune suppression. 2,5-DMP olfaction induced genome destabilization in bone marrow cells in a stress-dependent manner, providing a plausible mechanism for crowding-induced immune dysfunction. Interestingly, the genome-destabilizing effect of 2,5-DMP was comparable to a potent mouse stressor (immobilization), and both stressors led to correlated expression changes in genes regulating cellular stress response. Thus, our findings demonstrate that, in mice, the health effects of crowding may be explained at least in part by chemosignals and also propose a significant role of stress and genome destabilization in the emergence of crowding effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timofey S Glinin
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb., 7-9, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 199034.
- Open Longevity, 15260 Ventura Blvd, STE 2230, Sherman Oaks, CA, 91403, USA.
- Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Marina V Petrova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb., 7-9, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 199034
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Blv. 30, Moscow, Russia, 121205
| | - Veronika Shcherbinina
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb., 7-9, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 199034
- Laboratory of Higher Nervous Activity Genetics, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Makarova Emb. 6, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 199034
| | - Anastasia N Shubina
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb., 7-9, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 199034
- Open Longevity, 15260 Ventura Blvd, STE 2230, Sherman Oaks, CA, 91403, USA
| | - Anna V Dukelskaya
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb., 7-9, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 199034
| | - Polina V Starshova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb., 7-9, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 199034
| | - Victoria Mamontova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb., 7-9, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 199034
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center for Cancer Research (Mildred-Scheel-Nachwuchszentrum, MSNZ), University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter of the University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Burnusuz
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb., 7-9, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 199034
| | - Alena O Godunova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Avenue, 10, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
| | - Alexander V Romashchenko
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Avenue, 10, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
- International Tomography Center, Institutskaya St., 3A, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies, RAS, St. January 9, 29, Orenburg, Russia, 460000
| | - Mikhail P Moshkin
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Avenue, 10, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
| | - Philipp Khaitovich
- Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobelya St., Moscow, Russia, 121205
| | - Eugene V Daev
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb., 7-9, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 199034
- Laboratory of Higher Nervous Activity Genetics, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Makarova Emb. 6, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 199034
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Puty B, Bittencourt LO, Plaça JR, de Oliveira EHC, Lima RR. Astrocyte-Like Cells Transcriptome Changes After Exposure to a Low and Non-cytotoxic MeHg Concentration. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1151-1162. [PMID: 35378667 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system is the main target of MeHg toxicity and glial cells are the first line of defense; however, their true role remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the global map of human glial-like (U87) cells transcriptome after exposure to a non-toxic and non-lethal MeHg concentration and to investigate the related molecular changes. U87 cells were exposed upon 0.1, 0.5, and 1 µM MeHg for 4 and 24 h. Although no changes were observed in the percentage of viable cells, the metabolic viability was significantly decreased after exposure to 1 µM MeHg for 24 h; thus, the non-toxic concentration of 0.1 µM MeHg was chosen to perform microarray analysis. Significant changes in U87 cells transcriptome were observed only after 24 h. The expression of 392 genes was down regulated while 431 genes were up-regulated. Gene ontology showed alterations in biological processes (75%), cellular components (21%), and molecular functions (4%). The main pathways showed by KEGG and Reactome were cell cycle regulation and Rho GTPase signaling. The complex mechanism of U87 cells response against MeHg exposure indicates that even a low and non-toxic concentration is able to alter the gene expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Puty
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Culture and Cytogenetics, Environmental Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Rodrigues Plaça
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.
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5
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de Almeida Rodrigues P, Ferrari RG, Kato LS, Hauser-Davis RA, Conte-Junior CA. A Systematic Review on Metal Dynamics and Marine Toxicity Risk Assessment Using Crustaceans as Bioindicators. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:881-903. [PMID: 33788164 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metals, many of which are potentially toxic, are present in the aquatic environment originated from both natural and anthropogenic sources. In these ecosystems, these elements are mostly deposited in the sediment, followed by water dissolution, potentially contaminating resident biota. Among several aquatic animals, crustaceans are considered excellent bioindicators, as they live in close contact with contaminated sediment. The accumulation of metal, whether they are classified as essential, when in excessive quantities or nonessential, not only cause damage to the health of these animals, but also to the man who consumes seafood. Among the main toxic elements to animal and human health are aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel and silver. In this context, this systematic review aimed to investigate the dynamics of these metals in water, the main bioaccumulative tissues in crustaceans, the effects of these contaminants on animal and human health, and the regulatory limits for these metals worldwide. A total of 91 articles were selected for this review, and an additional 68 articles not found in the three assessed databases were considered essential and included, totaling 159 articles published between 2010 and 2020. Our results indicate that both chemical speciation and abiotic factors such as pH, oxygen and salinity in aquatic environments affect element bioavailability, dynamics, and toxicity. Among crustaceans, crabs are considered the main bioindicator biological system, with the hepatopancreas appearing as the main bioaccumulator organ. Studies indicate that exposure to these elements may result in nervous, respiratory, and reproductive system effects in both animals and humans. Finally, many studies indicate that the concentrations of these elements in crustaceans intended for human consumption exceed limits established by international organizations, both with regard to seafood metal contents and well as daily, weekly, or monthly intake limits set for humans, indicating consumer health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues
- Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 24230-340, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Gomes Ferrari
- Chemistry Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil.
- Agrarian Sciences Center, Department of Zootechnics, Federal University of Paraiba, Paraiba, Brazil.
| | - Lilian Seiko Kato
- Chemistry Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 24230-340, Brazil
- Chemistry Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil
- National Institute of Health Quality Control, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
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6
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Olsvik PA, Azad AM, Yadetie F. Bioaccumulation of mercury and transcriptional responses in tusk (Brosme brosme), a deep-water fish from a Norwegian fjord. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130588. [PMID: 33901891 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of mercury (Hg) have been documented in deep-water fish species from some Norwegian fjords. In this study, tusk (Brosme brosme) was sampled from four locations in the innermost parts of Sognefjorden in Western Norway. Total Hg and methylmercury (MeHg) levels were measured in liver tissue. To search for potential sublethal effects of Hg, we characterized the hepatic transcriptome in tusk with high and low levels of Hg bioaccumulation using global transcriptomics analysis (RNA-seq). The results showed that there was a significant correlation between fish weight and accumulated concentrations of MeHg but not total Hg. MeHg accounted for 30-40% of total Hg in liver of most of the fish, although at concentrations above 2-3 mg Hg/kg wet weight the percentage of MeHg dropped considerably. Transcriptome analysis resulted in hundreds of differentially expressed genes in the liver of tusk with high Hg levels. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that the top affected pathways are associated with protein folding, adipogenesis, notch signaling, and lipid metabolism (beta-oxidation and phospholipids). Based on transcriptional responses pointing to well-known effects of Hg compounds in fish, the study suggests that tusk in Sognefjorden could be negatively impacted by Hg bioaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål A Olsvik
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway; Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Atabak M Azad
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fekadu Yadetie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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7
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de Melo MS, Das K, Gismondi E. Inorganic mercury effects on biomarker gene expressions of a freshwater amphipod at two temperatures. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111815. [PMID: 33387774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a global contaminant resulting of both natural processes and human activities. In aquatic environments, studies conducted on vertebrates highlighted changes of gene expression or activity of antitoxic and oxidative enzymes. However, although Hg is a highly toxic compound in aquatic environments, only a few studies have evaluated the lethal and sublethal effects of inorganic Hg on Gammarus sp. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the effects of inorganic Hg (HgCl2) on the expression of 17 genes involved in crucial biological functions or mechanisms for organisms, namely respiration, osmoregulation, apoptosis, immune and endocrine system, and antioxidative and antitoxic defence systems. The study was performed in males of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex exposed to two environmentally relevant concentrations (50 and 500 ng/L) at two temperature regime fluctuations (16 °C and 20 °C +/-2 °C) for 7 and 21 days. Results showed that G. pulex mortality was dependent on Hg concentration and temperature; the higher the concentration and temperature, the higher the mortality rate. In addition, the Integrated Biomarker Response emphasized that HgCl2 toxicity was dependent on the concentration, time and temperature of exposure. Overall, antioxidant and antitoxic defences, as well as the endocrine and immune systems, were the biological functions most impacted by Hg exposure (based on the concentration, duration, and temperature tested). Conversely, osmoregulation was the least affected biological function. The results also demonstrated a possible adaptation of G. pulex after 21 days at 500 ng/L, regardless of the exposure temperature. This study allowed us to show that Hg deregulates many crucial biological functions after a short exposure, but that during a long exposure, an adaptation phenomenon could occur, regardless of temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madson Silveira de Melo
- Laboratório de Reprodução e Desenvolvimento Animal, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology (LEAE), Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of ReSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège B6c, 11 allée du 6 Août, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Krishna Das
- Laboratory of Oceanology, Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of ReSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège B6c, 11 Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Gismondi
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology (LEAE), Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of ReSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège B6c, 11 allée du 6 Août, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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8
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Liu H, Lamarins A, Labonne J, Monperrus M, Coste P, Huchet E, Rives J, Seiliez I, Bolliet V. New insights into methylmercury induced behavioral and energy-related gene transcriptional responses in European glass eel (Anguilla anguilla). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 255:127020. [PMID: 32679633 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of methylmercury (MeHg) was investigated in glass eel migration behavior and metabolism. To migrate up estuary, glass eels synchronize their swimming activity to the flood tide and remain on or in the substratum during ebb tide. Following seven days of exposure to MeHg (100 ng L-1), glass eels migration behavior was expressed by their swimming synchronization to the water current reversal every 6.2 h (mimicking the alternation of flood and ebb tides) and their swimming activity level. In relation to their behavior, we then analyzed the energy-related gene expression levels in individual head, viscera and muscle. Results showed that MeHg decreased the number of glass eels synchronized to the change in water current direction and their swimming activity level. This last effect was more pronounced in non-synchronized fish than in synchronized ones, supporting the idea that non-synchronized glass eels could be more vulnerable to stress. As regard the expression of energy-related genes, no significant difference was observed between control and MeHg-exposed fish. In contrast, when the swimming activity levels were plotted against transcriptional responses, positive correlations were evidenced in viscera and especially in the head of exposed glass eels but not in control. Finally, it is noteworthy that non-synchronized glass eels displayed lower expression level of metabolism genes than their synchronized counterpart, but only in the head. Altogether, these results support the interest of focusing on the head to investigate the facultative migration behavior in glass eels and the effect of environmental stressors on this rhythmic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengtong Liu
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOP, Aquapôle INRAE, MIRA, F64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France; INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, F64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Amaia Lamarins
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOP, Aquapôle INRAE, MIRA, F64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Jacques Labonne
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOP, Aquapôle INRAE, MIRA, F64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Mathilde Monperrus
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux - MIRA, UMR 5254, 64600, Anglet, France
| | - Pascale Coste
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOP, Aquapôle INRAE, MIRA, F64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Emmanuel Huchet
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOP, Aquapôle INRAE, MIRA, F64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Jacques Rives
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOP, Aquapôle INRAE, MIRA, F64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Iban Seiliez
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, F64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Valérie Bolliet
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOP, Aquapôle INRAE, MIRA, F64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
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9
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Yang L, Zhang Y, Wang F, Luo Z, Guo S, Strähle U. Toxicity of mercury: Molecular evidence. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125586. [PMID: 31881386 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Minamata disease in Japan and the large-scale poisoning by methylmercury (MeHg) in Iraq caused wide public concerns about the risk emanating from mercury for human health. Nowadays, it is widely known that all forms of mercury induce toxic effects in mammals, and increasing evidence supports the concern that environmentally relevant levels of MeHg could impact normal biological functions in wildlife. The information of mechanism involved in mercurial toxicity is growing but knowledge gaps still exist between the adverse effects and mechanisms of action, especially at the molecular level. A body of data obtained from experimental studies on mechanisms of mercurial toxicity in vivo and in vitro points to that disruption of the antioxidant system may play an important role in the mercurial toxic effects. Moreover, the accumulating evidence indicates that signaling transduction, protein or/and enzyme activity, and gene regulation are involving in mediating toxic and adaptive response to mercury exposure. We conducted here a comprehensive review of mercurial toxic effects on wildlife and human, in particular synthesized key findings of molecular pathways involved in mercurial toxicity from the cells to human. We discuss the molecular evidence related mercurial toxicity to the adverse effects, with particular emphasis on the gene regulation. The further studies relying on Omic analysis connected to adverse effects and modes of action of mercury will aid in the evaluation and validation of causative relationship between health outcomes and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, China
| | - Zidie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, China
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Quintanilla-Mena M, Gold-Bouchot G, Zapata-Pérez O, Rubio-Piña J, Quiroz-Moreno A, Vidal-Martínez VM, Aguirre-Macedo ML, Puch-Hau C. Biological responses of shoal flounder (Syacium gunteri) to toxic environmental pollutants from the southern Gulf of Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113669. [PMID: 31806456 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is exposed to a diversity of contaminants, such as hydrocarbons and heavy metal(oid)s, either from natural sources or as a result of uncontrolled coastal urbanisation and industrialisation. To determine the effect of these contaminants on the marine biota along the Mexican GoM, the biological responses of the shoal flounder Syacium gunteri, naturally exposed, were studied. The study area included all the Mexican GoM, which was divided into three areas: West-southwest (WSW), South-southwest (SSW) and South-southeast (SSE). The biological responses included the global DNA methylation levels, the expression of biomarker genes related to contaminants (cytochrome P450 1A, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and vitellogenin), histopathological lesions and PAH metabolites in bile (hydroxynaphthalene, hydroxyphenanthrene, hydroxypyrene and Benzo[a]pyrene). The correlation between the biological responses and the concentration of contaminants (hydrocarbons and metal(oid)s), present in both sediments and organisms, were studied. The shoal flounders in WSW and SSW areas presented higher DNA hypomethylation, less antioxidative response and biotransformation gene expression and a higher concentration of PAH metabolites in bile than SSE area; those responses were associated with total hydrocarbons and metals such as chromium (Cr). SSE biological responses were mainly associated with the presence of metals, such as cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu), in the tissue of shoal flounders. The results obtained on the physiological response of the shoal flounder can be used as part of a permanent active environmental surveillance program to watch the ecosystem health of the Mexican GoM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Quintanilla-Mena
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Unidad Mérida. Km. 6, Antigua Carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73-Cordemex, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Gold-Bouchot
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Unidad Mérida. Km. 6, Antigua Carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73-Cordemex, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico; Department of Oceanography and Geochemical and Environmental Research Group (GERG), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Omar Zapata-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Unidad Mérida. Km. 6, Antigua Carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73-Cordemex, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jorge Rubio-Piña
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Unidad Mérida. Km. 6, Antigua Carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73-Cordemex, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Adriana Quiroz-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburna de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Vidal-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Unidad Mérida. Km. 6, Antigua Carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73-Cordemex, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Ma Leopoldina Aguirre-Macedo
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Unidad Mérida. Km. 6, Antigua Carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73-Cordemex, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Carlos Puch-Hau
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Unidad Mérida. Km. 6, Antigua Carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73-Cordemex, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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11
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Shinoda Y, Tatsumi S, Yoshida E, Takahashi T, Eto K, Kaji T, Fujiwara Y. Gene expression profiles in the dorsal root ganglia of methylmercury-exposed rats. J Toxicol Sci 2019; 44:549-558. [PMID: 31378766 DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) exposure is known to induce neurodegeneration in both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Molecular mechanisms of MeHg-induced neurotoxicity have been well investigated in the CNS, however, it remains unclear in the PNS. In the present study, comprehensive gene expression analysis was performed by analyzing MeHg-exposed adult rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) by DNA microarray. Methylmercuric chloride (6.7 mg/kg/day) was administered to nine-week-old male Wistar rats for five days, followed by two days without administration; this cycle was repeated once. Rats were anesthetized at 7 or 14 days after commencement of MeHg exposure, and their DRGs were removed and homogenized to make total RNA samples. DNA microarray data from Day 7 samples identified 100 out of 18,513 detected genes as annotated genes with more than two-fold upregulated or downregulated expression compared with controls. Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses suggested strong involvement of immune activation and inflammation pathways in rat DRG exposed to MeHg, and some genes overlapped with previously reported genes affected by MeHg exposure in the cerebellum. The present results suggest that MeHg-induced neurotoxicity is associated with immune activation and inflammatory responses in rat DRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Shinoda
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Satoshi Tatsumi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Eiko Yoshida
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Komyo Eto
- Health and Nursing Facilities for the Aged, Jushindai, Shinwakai
| | - Toshiyuki Kaji
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Yasuyuki Fujiwara
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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de Almeida Rodrigues P, Ferrari RG, Dos Santos LN, Conte Junior CA. Mercury in aquatic fauna contamination: A systematic review on its dynamics and potential health risks. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 84:205-218. [PMID: 31284912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is an important pollutant, released into aquatic ecosystems both naturally and by anthropogenic action. This element is transferred to aquatic organisms in different ways, causing potential health risks. In addition, mercury can be accumulated by humans, especially through the consumption of contaminated food. This systematic review aims to present mercury pathways, the major routes through which this element reaches the aquatic environment and its transformations until becoming available to living animals, leading to bioaccumulation and biomagnification phenomena. The key biotic and abiotic factors affecting such processes, the impact of mercury on animal and human health and the issue of seafood consumption as a source of chronic mercury contamination are also addressed. A total of 101 articles were retrieved from a standardized search on three databases (PubMed, Emabse, and Web of Science), in addition to 28 other studies not found on these databases but considered fundamental to this review (totaling 129 articles). Both biotic and abiotic factors display fundamental importance in mediating mercurial dynamics, i.e., muscle tropism, and salinity, respectively. Consequently, mercurial contamination in aquatic environments affects animal health, especially the risk of extinction species and also on human health, with methylmercury the main mercury species responsible for acute and chronic symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues
- Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Gomes Ferrari
- Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil; Chemistry Institute, Food Science Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciano Neves Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Ichthyology, Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte Junior
- Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil; Chemistry Institute, Food Science Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; National Institute of Health Quality Control, Fundaçãeo Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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14
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Pereira P, Korbas M, Pereira V, Cappello T, Maisano M, Canário J, Almeida A, Pacheco M. A multidimensional concept for mercury neuronal and sensory toxicity in fish - From toxicokinetics and biochemistry to morphometry and behavior. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:129298. [PMID: 30768958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal and sensory toxicity of mercury (Hg) compounds has been largely investigated in humans/mammals with a focus on public health, while research in fish is less prolific and dispersed by different species. Well-established premises for mammals have been governing fish research, but some contradictory findings suggest that knowledge translation between these animal groups needs prudence [e.g. the relative higher neurotoxicity of methylmercury (MeHg) vs. inorganic Hg (iHg)]. Biochemical/physiological differences between the groups (e.g. higher brain regeneration in fish) may determine distinct patterns. This review undertakes the challenge of identifying sensitive cellular targets, Hg-driven biochemical/physiological vulnerabilities in fish, while discriminating specificities for Hg forms. SCOPE OF REVIEW A functional neuroanatomical perspective was conceived, comprising: (i) Hg occurrence in the aquatic environment; (ii) toxicokinetics on central nervous system (CNS)/sensory organs; (iii) effects on neurotransmission; (iv) biochemical/physiological effects on CNS/sensory organs; (v) morpho-structural changes on CNS/sensory organs; (vi) behavioral effects. The literature was also analyzed to generate a multidimensional conceptualization translated into a Rubik's Cube where key factors/processes were proposed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Hg neurosensory toxicity was unequivocally demonstrated. Some correspondence with toxicity mechanisms described for mammals (mainly at biochemical level) was identified. Although the research has been dispersed by numerous fish species, 29 key factors/processes were pinpointed. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Future trends were identified and translated into 25 factors/processes to be addressed. Unveiling the neurosensory toxicity of Hg in fish has a major motivation of protecting ichtyopopulations and ecosystems, but can also provide fundamental knowledge to the field of human neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Malgorzata Korbas
- Science Division, Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Vitória Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Maria Maisano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - João Canário
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Armando Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine (EM), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga 4750-057, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
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15
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Osmundson BC, Lusk JD. Field Assessment of Colorado pikeminnow Exposure to Mercury Within Its Designated Critical Habitat in Colorado, Utah, and New Mexico. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 76:17-30. [PMID: 30259077 PMCID: PMC6326962 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mercury contamination in freshwater fish is widespread across North America, including the western United States. Atmospheric mercury from both natural and manmade emissions deposits into watersheds and, through methylation and biomagnification, accumulates in aquatic food webs. Highest mercury concentrations are found in predatory fish. The endangered Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) is a long-lived, top-level piscivore endemic to the Colorado River basin. Mercury exposure to Colorado pikeminnow and another native fish species, the roundtail chub (Gila robusta), was assessed by analyzing muscle tissues collected using a nonlethal technique. Mercury concentrations in Colorado pikeminnow > 400-mm long, captured from critical habitat throughout the species' present range, exceeded the tissue threshold-effect level of 0.2 µg/g wet weight (WW) for whole body fish (0.31 µg/g WW in muscle) recommended to protect fish from injury. Mercury is a neurotoxin and endocrine disruptor, and impacts to fish may include reduced ability to avoid predators, secure food, and reproduce. The highest mercury concentrations were found in both Colorado pikeminnow and roundtail chub collected from the White River, a tributary to the Green River. Colorado pikeminnow from the White and Green rivers had the highest mean mercury concentrations and the lowest mean relative body conditions. Exposure to high mercury concentrations may act in concert with other threatening factors to compromise Colorado pikeminnow population viability and eventual recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C Osmundson
- Colorado Ecological Services, Western Colorado Field Office, US Fish and Wildlife Service, 445 West Gunnison Ave., Suite 240, Grand Junction, CO, 81501-5711, USA.
- , 380 34 Road, Palisade, CO, 81526, USA.
| | - Joel D Lusk
- New Mexico Ecological Services, US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2105 Osuna Road NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87113-1001, USA.
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16
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Akbarzadeh A, Günther OP, Houde AL, Li S, Ming TJ, Jeffries KM, Hinch SG, Miller KM. Developing specific molecular biomarkers for thermal stress in salmonids. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:749. [PMID: 30326831 PMCID: PMC6192343 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) serve as good biological indicators of the breadth of climate warming effects on fish because their anadromous life cycle exposes them to environmental challenges in both marine and freshwater environments. Our study sought to mine the extensive functional genomic studies in fishes to identify robust thermally-responsive biomarkers that could monitor molecular physiological signatures of chronic thermal stress in fish using non-lethal sampling of gill tissue. Results Candidate thermal stress biomarkers for gill tissue were identified using comparisons among microarray datasets produced in the Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, BC, six external, published microarray studies on chronic and acute temperature stress in salmon, and a comparison of significant genes across published studies in multiple fishes using deep literature mining. Eighty-two microarray features related to 39 unique gene IDs were selected as candidate chronic thermal stress biomarkers. Most of these genes were identified both in the meta-analysis of salmon microarray data and in the literature mining for thermal stress markers in salmonids and other fishes. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assays for 32 unique genes with good efficiencies across salmon species were developed, and their activity in response to thermally challenged sockeye salmon (O. nerka) and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) (cool, 13–14 °C and warm temperatures 18–19 °C) over 5–7 days was assessed. Eight genes, including two transcripts of each SERPINH1 and HSP90AA1, FKBP10, MAP3K14, SFRS2, and EEF2 showed strong and robust chronic temperature stress response consistently in the discovery analysis and both sockeye and Chinook salmon validation studies. Conclusions The results of both discovery analysis and gene expression showed that a panel of genes involved in chaperoning and protein rescue, oxidative stress, and protein biosynthesis were differentially activated in gill tissue of Pacific salmon in response to elevated temperatures. While individually, some of these biomarkers may also respond to other stressors or biological processes, when expressed in concert, we argue that a biomarker panel comprised of some or all of these genes could provide a reliable means to specifically detect thermal stress in field-caught salmon. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5108-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Akbarzadeh
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada. .,Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box: 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | | | - Aimee Lee Houde
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - Shaorong Li
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - Tobi J Ming
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - Kenneth M Jeffries
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Scott G Hinch
- Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Kristina M Miller
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada
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17
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Wu F, Huang W, Liu Q, Xu X, Zeng J, Cao L, Hu J, Xu X, Gao Y, Jia S. Responses of Antioxidant Defense and Immune Gene Expression in Early Life Stages of Large Yellow Croaker ( Pseudosciaena crocea) Under Methyl Mercury Exposure. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1436. [PMID: 30364149 PMCID: PMC6191496 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life stages of marine organisms are the most sensitive stages to environment stressors including pollutants. In order to understand the toxicological effects induced by MeHg exposure on juveniles of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea), a toxicity test was performed wherein fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of MeHg under laboratory conditions (18 ± 1°C; 26 ± 1 in salinity). After 30 days of 0–4.0 μg L-1 MeHg exposure, SOD activity was significantly decreased in the 0.25, 1.0, and 4.0 μg L-1 treatments; while CAT activity was significantly increased in the 4.0 μg L-1 treatments; GSH level, GPx activity were significantly elevated in the 4.0 μg L-1 treatments, respectively. Meanwhile, malondialdehyde content was also significantly increased in the 1.0 and 4.0 μg L-1 treatments with respect to the control. Acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly decreased by 18.3, 25.2, and 21.7% in the 0.25, 1.0, and 4.0 μg L-1 treatments, respectively. The expression of TCTP, GST3, Hsp70, Hsp27 mRNA were all up-regulated in juveniles with a dose-dependent manner exposed to MeHg. These results suggest that large yellow croaker juveniles have the potential to regulate the levels of antioxidant enzymes and initiate immune response in order to protect fish to some extent from oxidative stress induced by MeHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangning Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, China.,Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Cao
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ji Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xudan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuexin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenghua Jia
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Surveying Institute of Estuary and Coast, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Sant KE, Sinno PP, Jacobs HM, Timme-Laragy AR. Nrf2a modulates the embryonic antioxidant response to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 198:92-102. [PMID: 29524743 PMCID: PMC6077977 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The glutathione redox system undergoes precise and dynamic changes during embryonic development, protecting against and mitigating oxidative insults. The antioxidant response is coordinately largely by the transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid-2 (Nrf2), an endogenous sensor for cellular oxidative stress. We have previously demonstrated that impaired Nrf family signaling disrupts the glutathione redox system in the zebrafish embryo, and that impaired Nrf2 function increases embryonic sensitivity to environmental toxicants. Here, we investigated the persistent environmental toxicant and reported pro-oxidant perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), and its impact on the embryonic glutathione-mediated redox environment. We further examined whether impaired Nrf2a function exacerbates PFOS-induced oxidative stress and embryotoxicity in the zebrafish, and the potential for Nrf2-PPAR crosstalk in the embryonic adaptive response. Wild-type and nrf2afh318-/- mutant embryos were exposed daily to 0 (0.01% v/v DMSO), 16, 32, or 64 μM PFOS beginning at 3 h post fertilization (hpf). Embryonic glutathione and cysteine redox environments were examined at 72 hpf. Gross embryonic toxicity, antioxidant gene expression, and apoptosis were examined at 96 hpf. Mortality, pericardial edema, and yolk sac utilization were increased in wild-type embryos exposed to PFOS. Embryonic glutathione and cysteine redox couples and gene expression of Nrf2 pathway targets were modulated by both exposure and genotype. Apoptosis was increased in PFOS-exposed wild-type embryos, though not in nrf2a mutants. In silico examination of putative transcription factor binding site suggested potential crosstalk between Nrf2 and PPAR signaling, since expression of PPARs and gene targets was modulated by both PFOS exposure and Nrf2a genotype. Overall, this work demonstrates that nrf2a modulates the embryonic response to PFOS, and that PPAR signaling may play a role in the embryonic adaptive response to PFOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karilyn E Sant
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Paul P Sinno
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Haydee M Jacobs
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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19
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Hausen J, Otte JC, Legradi J, Yang L, Strähle U, Fenske M, Hecker M, Tang S, Hammers-Wirtz M, Hollert H, Keiter SH, Ottermanns R. Fishing for contaminants: identification of three mechanism specific transcriptome signatures using Danio rerio embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4023-4036. [PMID: 28391457 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In ecotoxicology, transcriptomics is an effective way to detect gene expression changes in response to environmental pollutants. Such changes can be used to identify contaminants or contaminant classes and can be applied as early warning signals for pollution. To do so, it is important to distinguish contaminant-specific transcriptomic changes from genetic alterations due to general stress. Here we present a first step in the identification of contaminant class-specific transcriptome signatures. Embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to three substances (methylmercury, chlorpyrifos and Aroclor 1254, each from 24 to 48 hpf exposed) representing sediment typical contaminant classes. We analyzed the altered transcriptome to detect discriminative genes significantly regulated in reaction to the three applied contaminants. By comparison of the results of the three contaminants, we identified transcriptome signatures and biologically important pathways (using Cytoscape/ClueGO software) that react significantly to the contaminant classes. This approach increases the chance of finding genes that play an important role in contaminant class-specific pathways rather than more general processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hausen
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jens C Otte
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jessica Legradi
- Environment and Health, VU Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lixin Yang
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martina Fenske
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Song Tang
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Monika Hammers-Wirtz
- Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment - gaiac, Kackertstraße 10, 52072, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen H Keiter
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Richard Ottermanns
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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20
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Graves SD, Kidd KA, Batchelar KL, Cowie AM, O'Driscoll NJ, Martyniuk CJ. Response of oxidative stress transcripts in the brain of wild yellow perch (Perca flavescens) exposed to an environmental gradient of methylmercury. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 192:50-58. [PMID: 27939725 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) exposure and adverse health effects in fishes have been documented, but the molecular mechanisms involved in toxicity have not been fully characterized. The objectives of the current study were to (1) determine whether total Hg (THg) in the muscle was predictive of MeHg concentrations in the brain of wild female yellow perch (Perca flavescens) collected from four lakes in Kejimkujik National Park, a known biological mercury (Hg) hotspot in Nova Scotia, Canada and (2) to determine whether transcripts involved in the oxidative stress response were altered in abundance in fish collected across five lakes representing a MeHg gradient. In female yellow perch, MeHg in whole brain (0.38 to 2.00μg/g wet weight) was positively associated with THg in muscle (0.18 to 2.13μg/g wet weight) (R2=0.61, p<0.01), suggesting that muscle THg may be useful for predicting MeHg concentrations in the brain. Catalase (cat) mRNA levels were significantly lower in brains of perch collected from lakes with high Hg when compared to those individuals from lakes with relatively lower Hg (p=0.02). Other transcripts (cytochrome c oxidase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase, heat shock protein 70, protein disulfide isomerase, and superoxide dismutase) did not show differential expression in the brain over the gradient. These findings suggest that MeHg may be inversely associated with catalase mRNA abundance in the central nervous system of wild fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie D Graves
- Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada.
| | - Karen A Kidd
- Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Katharina L Batchelar
- Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Andrew M Cowie
- Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Nelson J O'Driscoll
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada; Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, UF Genetics Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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21
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Olsvik PA, Waagbø R, Hevrøy EM, Remø SC, Søfteland L. In vitro Assessment of Hg Toxicity in Hepatocytes from Heat-Stressed Atlantic Salmon. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:226-239. [PMID: 27094051 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Global warming may alter the bioavailability of contaminants in aquatic environments. In this work, mercury (Hg2+) toxicity was studied in cells obtained from Atlantic salmon smolt kept at 15 °C (optimal growth temperature) for 3 months or at a stepwise increase to 20 °C (temperature-stress) during 3 months prior to cell harvest to evaluate whether acclimation temperature affects Hg toxicity. To examine possible altered dietary requirements in warmer seas, one group of fish following the stepwise temperature regimes was fed a diet spiked with antioxidants. Atlantic salmon hepatocytes were exposed in vitro to 0, 1.0, or 100 μM Hg2+ for 48 h. Cytotoxicity, determined as electrical impedance changes with the xCELLigence system, and transcriptional responses, determined with RT-qPCR, were assessed as measures of toxicity. The results showed that inorganic Hg at a concentration up to 100 μM is not cytotoxic to Atlantic salmon hepatocytes. Significance and directional responses of the 18 evaluated target genes suggest that both Hg and temperature stress affected the transcription of genes encoding proteins involved in the protection against ROS-generated oxidative stress. Both stressors also affected the transcription of genes linked to lipid metabolism. Spiking the diet with antioxidants resulted in higher concentrations of Se and vitamin C and reduced concentration of Hg in the liver in vivo, but no interactions were seen between the dietary supplementation of antioxidants and Hg toxicity in vitro. In conclusion, no evidence was found suggesting that inorganic Hg is more toxic in cells harvested from temperature-stressed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål A Olsvik
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, N-5005, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Rune Waagbø
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, N-5005, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ernst M Hevrøy
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, N-5005, Bergen, Norway
- EWOS AS, N-5803, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sofie C Remø
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, N-5005, Bergen, Norway
| | - Liv Søfteland
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, N-5005, Bergen, Norway
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22
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Yadetie F, Bjørneklett S, Garberg HK, Oveland E, Berven F, Goksøyr A, Karlsen OA. Quantitative analyses of the hepatic proteome of methylmercury-exposed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) suggest oxidative stress-mediated effects on cellular energy metabolism. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:554. [PMID: 27496535 PMCID: PMC4974784 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylmecury (MeHg) is a widely distributed environmental pollutant with considerable risk to both human health and wildlife. To gain better insight into the underlying mechanisms of MeHg-mediated toxicity, we have used label-free quantitative mass spectrometry to analyze the liver proteome of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed in vivo to MeHg (0, 0.5, 2 mg/kg body weight) for 2 weeks. RESULTS Out of a toltal of 1143 proteins quantified, 125 proteins were differentially regulated between MeHg-treated samples and controls. Using various bioinformatics tools, we performed gene ontology, pathway and network enrichment analysis, which indicated that proteins and pathways mainly related to energy metabolism, antioxidant defense, cytoskeleton remodeling, and protein synthesis were regulated in the hepatic proteome after MeHg exposure. Comparison with previous gene expression data strengthened these results, and further supported that MeHg predominantly affects many energy metabolism pathways, presumably through its strong induction of oxidative stress. Some enzymes known to have functionally important oxidation-sensitive cysteine residues in other animals are among the differentially regulated proteins, suggesting their modulations by MeHg-induced oxidative stress. Integrated analysis of the proteomics dataset combined with previous gene expression dataset showed a more pronounced effect of MeHg on amino acid, glucose and fatty acid metabolic pathways, and suggested possible interactions of the cellular energy metabolism and antioxidant defense pathways. CONCLUSIONS MeHg disrupts mainly redox homeostasis and energy generating metabolic pathways in cod liver. The energy pathways appear to be modulated through MeHg-induced oxidative stress, possibly mediated by oxidation sensitive enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fekadu Yadetie
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Silje Bjørneklett
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hilde Kristin Garberg
- Department of Biomedicine, Proteomics Unit (PROBE) at the University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eystein Oveland
- Department of Biomedicine, Proteomics Unit (PROBE) at the University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode Berven
- Department of Biomedicine, Proteomics Unit (PROBE) at the University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Odd André Karlsen
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.
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23
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Wirbisky SE, Sepúlveda MS, Weber GJ, Jannasch AS, Horzmann KA, Freeman JL. Embryonic Atrazine Exposure Elicits Alterations in Genes Associated with Neuroendocrine Function in Adult Male Zebrafish. Toxicol Sci 2016; 153:149-64. [PMID: 27413107 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis states that exposure to environmental stressors early in life can elicit genome and epigenome changes resulting in an increased susceptibility of a disease state during adulthood. Atrazine, a common agricultural herbicide used throughout the Midwestern United States, frequently contaminates potable water supplies and is a suspected endocrine disrupting chemical. In our previous studies, zebrafish was exposed to 0, 0.3, 3, or 30 parts per billion (μg/l) atrazine through embryogenesis, rinsed, and allowed to mature to adulthood. A decrease in spawning was observed with morphological alterations in offspring. In addition, adult females displayed an increase in ovarian progesterone and follicular atresia, alterations in levels of a serotonin metabolite and serotonin turnover in brain tissue, and transcriptome changes in brain and ovarian tissue supporting neuroendocrine alterations. As reproductive dysfunction is also influenced by males, this study assessed testes histology, hormone levels, and transcriptomic profiles of testes and brain tissue in the adult males. The embryonic atrazine exposure resulted in no alterations in body or testes weight, gonadosomatic index, testes histology, or levels of 11-ketotestosterone or testosterone. To further investigate potential alterations, transcriptomic profiles of adult male testes and brain tissue was completed. This analysis demonstrated alterations in genes associated with abnormal cell and neuronal growth and morphology; molecular transport, quantity, and production of steroid hormones; and neurotransmission with an emphasis on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axes. Overall, this data indicate future studies should focus on additional neuroendocrine endpoints to determine potential functional impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Wirbisky
- *School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, Indiana 47907
| | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- *School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, Indiana 47907 Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, Indiana 47907
| | - Gregory J Weber
- *School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, Indiana 47907
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24
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Gentès S, Maury-Brachet R, Feng C, Pedrero Z, Tessier E, Legeay A, Mesmer-Dudons N, Baudrimont M, Maurice L, Amouroux D, Gonzalez P. Specific Effects of Dietary Methylmercury and Inorganic Mercury in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Determined by Genetic, Histological, and Metallothionein Responses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:14560-14569. [PMID: 26509634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A multidisciplinary approach is proposed here to compare toxicity mechanisms of methylmercury (MeHg) and inorganic mercury (iHg) in muscle, liver, and brain from zebrafish (Danio rerio). Animals were dietary exposed to (1) 50 ng Hg g(-1), 80% as MeHg; (2) diet enriched in MeHg 10000 ng Hg g(-1), 95% as MeHg; (3) diet enriched in iHg 10000 ng Hg g(-1), 99% as iHg, for two months. Hg species specific bioaccumulation pathways were highlighted, with a preferential bioaccumulation of MeHg in brain and iHg in liver. In the same way, differences in genetic pattern were observed for both Hg species, (an early genetic response (7 days) for both species in the three organs and a late genetic response (62 days) for iHg) and revealed a dissimilar metabolization of both Hg species. Among the 18 studied genes involved in key metabolic pathways of the cell, major genetic responses were observed in muscle. Electron microscopy revealed damage mainly because of MeHg in muscle and also in liver tissue. In brain, high MeHg and iHg concentrations induced metallothionein production. Finally, the importance of the fish origin in ecotoxicological studies, here the seventh descent of a zebrafish line, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Gentès
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805 , Place du Dr B. Peyneau, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Régine Maury-Brachet
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805 , Place du Dr B. Peyneau, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Caiyan Feng
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), CNRS-UPPA-UMR-5254, Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Pierre Angot, F-64053 Pau, France
| | - Zoyne Pedrero
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), CNRS-UPPA-UMR-5254, Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Pierre Angot, F-64053 Pau, France
| | - Emmanuel Tessier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), CNRS-UPPA-UMR-5254, Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Pierre Angot, F-64053 Pau, France
| | - Alexia Legeay
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805 , Place du Dr B. Peyneau, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Nathalie Mesmer-Dudons
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805 , Place du Dr B. Peyneau, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Magalie Baudrimont
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805 , Place du Dr B. Peyneau, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Laurence Maurice
- Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire de Geosciences Environnement Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III , 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
- GET, IRD , F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - David Amouroux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), CNRS-UPPA-UMR-5254, Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Pierre Angot, F-64053 Pau, France
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25
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Claveau J, Monperrus M, Jarry M, Baudrimont M, Gonzalez P, Cavalheiro J, Mesmer-Dudons N, Bolliet V. Methylmercury effects on migratory behaviour in glass eels (Anguilla anguilla): an experimental study using isotopic tracers. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 171:15-27. [PMID: 25797033 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The effect of methylmercury (MeHg) on glass eels' propensity to migrate, mitochondrial activity and antioxidative defence systems was investigated. Marine glass eels were first sorted in an experimental flume according to their response to dusk. Fish responding to the decrease in light intensity by ascending in the water column and moving with or against the flow were considered as having a high propensity to migrate (migrant). Glass eels still sheltering at the end of the 24 h catching period were considered as having a low propensity to migrate and were called non-migrant. Migrant and non-migrant glass eels were then individually tagged and exposed to isotopically enriched (201)MeHg (50 ng L(-1)) for 11 days. The effect of contamination was studied on muscle fibre structure, and the expression level of genes involved in mitochondrial activity and antioxidative defence systems. To investigate the effect of MeHg on glass eel behaviour, migrant and non-migrant glass eels were sorted again and the bioaccumulation of (201)MeHg and its demethylation product ((201)Hg(II)) were determined for each individual. MeHg exposure increased activity in non-migrant glass eels but not migratory behaviour. Contamination affected mitochondrial structure and metabolism and suggests a higher oxidative stress and activation of antioxidative defence systems in non-migrant glass eels. Overall, our results suggest that exposure to MeHg might induce an increase in energy expenditure and a higher vulnerability to predation in non-migrant glass eels in the wild.
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MESH Headings
- Anguilla/physiology
- Animal Migration/drug effects
- Animals
- Atlantic Ocean
- Biotransformation
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- France
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Mercury Isotopes
- Methylmercury Compounds/metabolism
- Methylmercury Compounds/toxicity
- Mitochondria, Muscle/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Muscle/ultrastructure
- Models, Biological
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/ultrastructure
- Oxidants/pharmacokinetics
- Oxidants/toxicity
- Oxidative Stress
- Oxidoreductases/chemistry
- Oxidoreductases/genetics
- Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Phototrophic Processes/drug effects
- Tissue Distribution
- Toxicokinetics
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Claveau
- INRA, UMR 1224 Ecobiop, Aquapôle, 64310 Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France; Université de Pau et des Pays de L'Adour, UMR 1224 Ecobiop, UFR Sciences et Techniques Côte Basque, Anglet, France.
| | - Mathilde Monperrus
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254 CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 av. P. Angot, 64053 9 Pau cedex 9, France.
| | - Marc Jarry
- INRA, UMR 1224 Ecobiop, Aquapôle, 64310 Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France; Université de Pau et des Pays de L'Adour, UMR 1224 Ecobiop, UFR Sciences et Techniques Côte Basque, Anglet, France.
| | - Magalie Baudrimont
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Team Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon, France.
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Team Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon, France.
| | - Joana Cavalheiro
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254 CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 av. P. Angot, 64053 9 Pau cedex 9, France.
| | - Nathalie Mesmer-Dudons
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Team Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon, France.
| | - Valérie Bolliet
- INRA, UMR 1224 Ecobiop, Aquapôle, 64310 Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France; Université de Pau et des Pays de L'Adour, UMR 1224 Ecobiop, UFR Sciences et Techniques Côte Basque, Anglet, France.
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26
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Mozhdeganloo Z, Jafari AM, Koohi MK, Heidarpour M. Methylmercury-induced oxidative stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver: ameliorating effect of vitamin C. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 165:103-9. [PMID: 25627420 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate methylmercury-induced alterations in hepatic enzymes and oxidative stress markers in liver tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by using a perfusion method, and to explore possible protective effect of vitamin C against these alterations. Forty-eight fish were divided into six groups containing control, test, and amelioration groups. The liver of fish in the test groups were exposed to different doses of methylmercury, i.e., 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 μg L(-1), respectively, for 120 min. In the amelioration group, liver was treated with vitamin C (17.2 μg L(-1)) along with high dose (2.4 μg L(-1)) of methylmercury. The results of the present study showed that exposure with 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 μg L(-1) of methylmercury significantly increased (p < 0.05) hepatic enzyme activities (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level, as a marker of lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity of the liver decreased (p < 0.05) in the methylmercury-exposed groups when compared to the control group. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between MDA concentration and ALT, AST, and LDH activities in the methylmercury groups, suggesting that the enhanced lipid peroxidation may be linked to hepatic damage caused by methylmercury. Treatment with vitamin C in methylmercury-exposed group led to a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in MDA concentration and hepatic enzyme activities and significant increase (p < 0.05) in levels of GSH and total antioxidant capacity. The values of measured parameters in the methylmercury + vitamin C group were comparable to those of the control group. The results of the present study demonstrated that methylmercury exposure induces oxidative stress in the liver of rainbow trout and treatment with vitamin C can protect fish liver against this oxidative insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Mozhdeganloo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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27
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Olsvik PA, Amlund H, Sæle Ø, Ellingsen S, Skjaerven KH. Impact of dietary selenium on methylmercury toxicity in juvenile Atlantic cod: a transcriptional survey. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 120:199-205. [PMID: 25062025 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) and its derivatives are known to have protective effects against mercury (Hg) toxicity in mammals. In this study we wanted to evaluate whether Se co-exposure affect the transcription of methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity-relevant genes in early life stages of fish. Juvenile Atlantic cod were exposed to regular feed (control), Se-spiked feed (3mg Se kg(-1)), MeHg-spiked feed (10mg Hg kg(-1)) or to Se- and MeHg-spiked feed (3mg Se kg(-1) and 10mg Hg kg(-1), respectively) for ten weeks. Liver tissue was harvested for transcriptional analysis when the fish were weighing 11.4 ± 3.2g. Accumulated levels of Hg in liver of the two groups of fish exposed to MeHg were 1.5mg Hg kg(-1) wet weight, or 44-fold higher than in the control group, while the Se concentrations differed with less than 2-fold between the fish groups. Selenium co-exposure had no effect on the accumulated levels of Hg in liver tissue; however, MeHg co-exposure reduced the accumulated level of Se. Dietary exposure to MeHg had no effect on fish growth. Interaction effects between Se and MeHg exposure were observed for the transcriptional levels of CAT, GPX1, GPX3, NFE2L2, UBA52, SEPP1 and DNMT1. Significant effects of MeHg exposure were seen for DNMT1 and PPARG, while effects of Se exposure were seen for GPX4B and SEPP1A, as well as for DNA methyltransferase activity. The transcriptional results suggest, by considering up-regulation as a proxy for negative impact and at the tested concentrations, a pro-oxidative effect of Se co-exposure with MeHg, rather than an antioxidative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål A Olsvik
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, N-5005 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Heidi Amlund
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, N-5005 Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Sæle
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, N-5005 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Ellingsen
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, N-5005 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kaja H Skjaerven
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, N-5005 Bergen, Norway
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28
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Methylmercury exposure during early Xenopus laevis development affects cell proliferation and death but not neural progenitor specification. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2014; 47:102-13. [PMID: 25496965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a widespread environmental toxin that preferentially and adversely affects developing organisms. To investigate the impact of MeHg toxicity on the formation of the vertebrate nervous system at physiologically relevant concentrations, we designed a graded phenotype scale for evaluating Xenopus laevis embryos exposed to MeHg in solution. Embryos displayed a range of abnormalities in response to MeHg, particularly in brain development, which is influenced by both MeHg concentration and the number of embryos per ml of exposure solution. A TC50 of ~50μg/l and LC50 of ~100μg/l were found when maintaining embryos at a density of one per ml, and both increased with increasing embryo density. In situ hybridization and microarray analysis showed no significant change in expression of early neural patterning genes including sox2, en2, or delta; however a noticeable decrease was observed in the terminal neural differentiation genes GAD and xGAT, but not xVGlut. PCNA, a marker for proliferating cells, was negatively correlated with MeHg dose, with a significant reduction in cell number in the forebrain and spinal cord of exposed embryos by tadpole stages. Conversely, the number of apoptotic cells in neural regions detected by a TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) assay was significantly increased. These results provide evidence that disruption of embryonic neural development by MeHg may not be directly due to a loss of neural progenitor specification and gene transcription, but to a more general decrease in cell proliferation and increase in cell death throughout the developing nervous system.
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29
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Olsvik PA, Williams TD, Tung HS, Mirbahai L, Sanden M, Skjaerven KH, Ellingsen S. Impacts of TCDD and MeHg on DNA methylation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) across two generations. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 165:17-27. [PMID: 24878852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether dioxin (TCDD) and methylmercury (MeHg) pose a threat to offspring of fish exposed to elevated concentrations of these chemicals via epigenetic-based mechanisms. Adult female zebrafish were fed diets added either 20 μg/kg 2,3,7,8 TCDD or 10 mg/kg MeHg for 47 days, or 10 mg/kg 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA), a hypomethylating agent, for 32 days, and bred with unexposed males in clean water to produce F1 and F2 offspring. Global DNA methylation, promoter CpG island methylation and target gene transcription in liver of adult females and in 3 days post fertilization (dpf) F1 and F2 embryos were determined with HPLC, a novel CpG island tiling array containing 54,933 different probes and RT-qPCR, respectively. The results showed that chemical treatment had no significant effect on global DNA methylation levels in F1 (MeHg and TCDD) and F2 (MeHg) embryos and only a limited number of genes were identified with altered methylation levels at their promoter regions. CYP1A1 transcription, an established marker of TCDD exposure, was elevated 27-fold in F1 embryos compared to the controls, matching the high levels of CYP1A1 expression observed in F0 TCDD-treated females. This suggests that maternal transfer of TCDD is a significant route of exposure for the F1 offspring. In conclusion, the selected doses of TCDD and MeHg, two chemicals often found in high concentrations in fish, appear to have only modest effects on DNA methylation in F1 (MeHg and TCDD) and F2 (MeHg) embryos of treated F0 females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål A Olsvik
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, N-5005 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Timothy D Williams
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hui-shan Tung
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, N-5005 Bergen, Norway
| | - Leda Mirbahai
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Monica Sanden
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, N-5005 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kaja H Skjaerven
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, N-5005 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Ellingsen
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, N-5005 Bergen, Norway
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Richter CA, Martyniuk CJ, Annis ML, Brumbaugh WG, Chasar LC, Denslow ND, Tillitt DE. Methylmercury-induced changes in gene transcription associated with neuroendocrine disruption in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 203:215-224. [PMID: 24694518 PMCID: PMC4145016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Methyl-mercury (MeHg) is a potent neuroendocrine disruptor that impairs reproductive processes in fish. The objectives of this study were to (1) characterize transcriptomic changes induced by MeHg exposure in the female largemouth bass (LMB) hypothalamus under controlled laboratory conditions, (2) investigate the health and reproductive impacts of MeHg exposure on male and female largemouth bass (LMB) in the natural environment, and (3) identify MeHg-associated gene expression patterns in whole brain of female LMB from MeHg-contaminated habitats. The laboratory experiment was a single injection of 2.5 μg MeHg/g body weight for 96 h exposure. The field survey compared river systems in Florida, USA with comparably lower concentrations of MeHg (Wekiva, Santa Fe, and St. Johns Rivers) in fish and one river system with LMB that contained elevated concentrations of MeHg (St. Marys River). Microarray analysis was used to quantify transcriptomic responses to MeHg exposure. Although fish at the high-MeHg site did not show overt health or reproductive impairment, there were MeHg-responsive genes and pathways identified in the laboratory study that were also altered in fish from the high-MeHg site relative to fish at the low-MeHg sites. Gene network analysis suggested that MeHg regulated the expression targets of neuropeptide receptor and steroid signaling, as well as structural components of the cell. Disease-associated gene networks related to MeHg exposure, based upon expression data, included cerebellum ataxia, movement disorders, and hypercalcemia. Gene responses in the CNS are consistent with the documented neurotoxicological and neuroendocrine disrupting effects of MeHg in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Richter
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Corresponding author. Fax: +1 573 876 1896.
| | - Christopher J. Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Mandy L. Annis
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - William G. Brumbaugh
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Lia C. Chasar
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florida Integrated Science Center, 2639 North Monroe Street, Suite A-200, Tallahassee, FL 32303, USA
| | - Nancy D. Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Donald E. Tillitt
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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Williams TD, Mirbahai L, Chipman JK. The toxicological application of transcriptomics and epigenomics in zebrafish and other teleosts. Brief Funct Genomics 2014; 13:157-71. [DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elt053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Olsvik PA, Lindgren M, Maage A. Mercury contamination in deep-water fish: transcriptional responses in tusk (Brosme brosme) from a fjord gradient. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 144-145:172-185. [PMID: 24184472 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings have shown that deep-water fish from coastal areas may contain elevated levels of mercury (Hg). Tusk (Brosme brosme) was collected from six locations in Hardangerfjord, a fjord system where the inner parts are contaminated by metals due to historic industrial activity. ICPMS was used to determine the accumulated levels of metals (Hg, MeHg, Cd, Pb, As, and Se) in the fish, whereas oxidative status of the liver was assessed by measuring TBARS, vitamin C, vitamin E and catalase activity. To find out whether accumulated Hg triggers toxicologically relevant transcriptional responses and in order to gain genomic knowledge from a non-model species, the liver transcriptome of the gadoid fish was sequenced and assembled, and RNA-seq and RT-qPCR were used to screen for effects of Hg. The results showed high levels of accumulated Hg in tusk liver, probably reflecting an adaptation to deep-water life history, and only a weak declining outward fjord gradient of Hg concentration in tusk liver. MeHg only accounted for about 17% of total Hg in liver, suggesting hepatotoxicity of both inorganic and organic Hg. Pathway analysis suggested an effect of Hg exposure on lipid metabolism and beta-oxidation in liver. Oxidative stress markers glutathione peroxidase 1 and ferritin mRNA, as well as vitamin C and vitamin E (alpha and gamma tocopherol) showed a significant correlation with accumulated levels of Hg. Many transcripts of genes encoding established markers for Hg exposure were co-regulated in the fish. In conclusion, tusk from Hardangerfjord contains high levels of Hg, with possible hepatic effects on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål A Olsvik
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, N-5005 Bergen, Norway.
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Ho NY, Yang L, Legradi J, Armant O, Takamiya M, Rastegar S, Strähle U. Gene responses in the central nervous system of zebrafish embryos exposed to the neurotoxicant methyl mercury. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:3316-3325. [PMID: 23458150 DOI: 10.1021/es3050967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Methyl mercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxicant with adverse effects on the development of the nervous system from fish to man. Despite a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which MeHg affects cellular homeostasis, it is still not clear how MeHg causes developmental neurotoxicity. We performed here a genome-wide transcriptional analysis of MeHg-exposed zebrafish embryos and combined this with a whole-mount in situ expression analysis of 88 MeHg-affected genes. The majority of the analyzed genes showed tissue- and region-restricted responses in various organs and tissues. The genes were linked to gene ontology terms like oxidative stress, transport and cell protection. Areas even within the central nervous system (CNS) are affected differently resulting in distinct cellular stress responses. Our study revealed an unexpected heterogeneity in gene responses to MeHg exposure in different tissues and neuronal subregions, even though the known molecular action of MeHg would predict a similar burden of exposed cells. The overall structure of the developing brain of MeHg-exposed embryos appeared normal, suggesting that the mechanism leading to differentiation of the CNS is not overtly affected by exposure to MeHg. We propose that MeHg disturbs the function of the CNS by disturbing the cellular homeostasis. As these cellular stress responses comprise genes that are also involved in normal neuronal activity and learning, MeHg may affect the developing CNS in a subtle manner that manifests itself in behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Yu Ho
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Yadetie F, Karlsen OA, Lanzén A, Berg K, Olsvik P, Hogstrand C, Goksøyr A. Global transcriptome analysis of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) liver after in vivo methylmercury exposure suggests effects on energy metabolism pathways. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 126:314-325. [PMID: 23103053 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a widely distributed contaminant polluting many aquatic environments, with health risks to humans exposed mainly through consumption of seafood. The mechanisms of toxicity of MeHg are not completely understood. In order to map the range of molecular targets and gain better insights into the mechanisms of toxicity, we prepared Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) 135k oligonucleotide arrays and performed global analysis of transcriptional changes in the liver of fish treated with MeHg (0.5 and 2 mg/kg of body weight) for 14 days. Inferring from the observed transcriptional changes, the main pathways significantly affected by the treatment were energy metabolism, oxidative stress response, immune response and cytoskeleton remodeling. Consistent with known effects of MeHg, many transcripts for genes in oxidative stress pathways such as glutathione metabolism and Nrf2 regulation of oxidative stress response were differentially regulated. Among the differentially regulated genes, there were disproportionate numbers of genes coding for enzymes involved in metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids and glucose. In particular, many genes coding for enzymes of fatty acid beta-oxidation were up-regulated. The coordinated effects observed on many transcripts coding for enzymes of energy pathways may suggest disruption of nutrient metabolism by MeHg. Many transcripts for genes coding for enzymes in the synthetic pathways of sulphur containing amino acids were also up-regulated, suggesting adaptive responses to MeHg toxicity. By this toxicogenomics approach, we were also able to identify many potential biomarker candidate genes for monitoring environmental MeHg pollution. These results based on changes on transcript levels, however, need to be confirmed by other methods such as proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fekadu Yadetie
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Norway.
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35
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Nøstbakken OJ, Martin SAM, Cash P, Torstensen BE, Amlund H, Olsvik PA. Dietary methylmercury alters the proteome in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) kidney. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 108:70-77. [PMID: 22265609 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylmercury (MeHg) is an environmental contaminant most known for its severe neurotoxic effects. Although accumulation of MeHg tends to be several folds higher in kidney compared to other tissues, studies on nephrotoxic effects are almost non-existing. In this study we aim to investigate the toxicity of dietary MeHg in kidney of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). MATERIAL AND METHODS Atlantic salmon were exposed to dietary MeHg for a period of 8 weeks, before the fish were euthanized and kidney was sampled for proteomic and real time RT-PCR analysis, as well as for mercury determination. Protein separation was done with 2-D PAGE, and differentially regulated spots were picked for analysis using liquid chromatography MS/MS analysis. Moreover, whole blood and liver tissue were sampled for mercury determination and real time RT-PCR (liver). RESULTS MeHg exposed fish accumulated significantly more mercury (Hg) than control fish. The proteomic analysis revealed differential abundance of 26 spots in the kidney, and 14 of these protein spots were successfully identified. The proteins identified indicated effects of MeHg on; metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, protein-folding, and cell-structural components. Gene expression analysis of selected markers revealed few differentially regulated transcripts in kidney and liver in the exposed fish compared to the control fish. However, the affected transcripts indicated a disruption in the expression of two metabolic markers due to MeHg exposure in liver. CONCLUSION This study suggests that dietary MeHg has similar effects in kidney as previously shown for other tissues in fish. The effects observed were in markers for oxidative stress, inflammation and energy metabolism. The identification of proteomic markers in this study provides a basis for a better understanding of MeHg-induced nephrotoxicity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Jakob Nøstbakken
- National Institute of Nutrition and Research (NIFES) Pb. 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
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36
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Olsvik PA, Amlund H, Torstensen BE. Dietary lipids modulate methylmercury toxicity in Atlantic salmon. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:3258-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cambier S, Gonzalez P, Mesmer-Dudons N, Brèthes D, Fujimura M, Bourdineaud JP. Effects of dietary methylmercury on the zebrafish brain: histological, mitochondrial, and gene transcription analyses. Biometals 2011; 25:165-80. [PMID: 21947502 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-011-9494-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The neurotoxic compound methylmercury (MeHg) is a commonly encountered pollutant in the environment, and constitutes a hazard for wildlife and human health through fish consumption. To study the neurotoxic impact of MeHg on piscivorous fish, we contaminated the model fish species Danio rerio for 25 and 50 days with food containing 13.5 μg/g dry weight (dw) of MeHg (0.6 μg MeHg/fish/day), an environmentally relevant dose leading to brain mercury concentrations of 30 ± 4 μg of Hg g(-1) (dw) after 25 days of exposure and 46 ± 7 μg of Hg g(-1) (dw) after 50 days. Brain mitochondrial respiration was not modified by exposure to MeHg, contrary to what happens in skeletal muscles. A 6-fold increase in the expression of the sdh gene encoding the succinate dehydrogenase Fe/S protein subunit was detected in the contaminated brain after 50 days of exposure. An up regulation of 3 genes, atp2b3a, atp2b3b, and slc8a2b, encoding for calcium transporters was noticed after 25 days of exposure but the atp2b3a and atp2b3b were repressed and the slc8a2b gene expression returned to its basal level after 50 days, suggesting a perturbation of calcium homeostasis. After 50 days, we detected the up regulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein and glutathione S-transferase genes (gfap and gst), along with a repression of the glutathione peroxidase gene gpx1. These results match well with a MeHg-induced onset of oxidative stress and inflammation. A transmission electron microscopic observation confirmed an impairment of the optical tectum integrity, with a decrease of the nucleal area in contaminated granular cells compared to control cells, and a lower density of cells in the contaminated tissue. A potential functional significance of such changes observed in optical tectum when considering wild fish contaminated in their natural habitat might be an impaired vision and therefore a lowered adaptability to their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Cambier
- Arcachon Marine Station, UMR 5805, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France
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Maximino C, Araujo J, Leão LKR, Grisolia ABA, Oliveira KRM, Lima MG, Batista EDJO, Crespo-López ME, Gouveia A, Herculano AM. Possible role of serotoninergic system in the neurobehavioral impairment induced by acute methylmercury exposure in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Neurotoxicol Teratol 2011; 33:727-34. [PMID: 21871955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Adult zebrafish were treated acutely with methylmercury (1.0 or 5.0 μg g(-1), i.p.) and, 24h after treatment, were tested in two behavioral models of anxiety, the novel tank and the light/dark preference tests. At the smaller dose, methylmercury produced a marked anxiogenic profile in both tests, while the greater dose produced hyperlocomotion in the novel tank test. These effects were accompanied by a decrease in extracellular levels of serotonin, and an increase in extracellular levels of tryptamine-4,5-dione, a partially oxidized metabolite of serotonin. A marked increase in the formation of malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress, accompanied these parameters. It is suggested that methylmercury-induced oxidative stress produced mitochondrial dysfunction and originated tryptamine-4,5-dione, which could have further inhibited tryptophan hydroxylase. These results underscore the importance of assessing acute, low-level neurobehavioral effects of methylmercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Maximino
- Laboratório de Neuroendocrinologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Brazil.
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