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Yong J, Song J. CaMKII activity and metabolic imbalance-related neurological diseases: Focus on vascular dysfunction, synaptic plasticity, amyloid beta accumulation, and lipid metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116688. [PMID: 38692060 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, excessive fat accumulation and dyslipidemia, and is known to be accompanied by neuropathological symptoms such as memory loss, anxiety, and depression. As the number of MetS patients is rapidly increasing globally, studies on the mechanisms of metabolic imbalance-related neuropathology are emerging as an important issue. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is the main Ca2+ sensor and contributes to diverse intracellular signaling in peripheral organs and the central nervous system (CNS). CaMKII exerts diverse functions in cells, related to mechanisms such as RNA splicing, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cytoskeleton, and protein-protein interactions. In the CNS, CaMKII regulates vascular function, neuronal circuits, neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, amyloid beta toxicity, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Here, we review recent evidence for the role of CaMKII in neuropathologic issues associated with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongsik Yong
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Velezmoro Jauregui G, Vukić D, Onyango IG, Arias C, Novotný JS, Texlová K, Wang S, Kovačovicova KL, Polakova N, Zelinkova J, Čarna M, Lacovich V, Head BP, Havas D, Mistrik M, Zorec R, Verkhratsky A, Keegan L, O'Connell MA, Rissman R, Stokin GB. Amyloid precursor protein induces reactive astrogliosis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14142. [PMID: 38584589 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM Astrocytes respond to stressors by acquiring a reactive state characterized by changes in their morphology and function. Molecules underlying reactive astrogliosis, however, remain largely unknown. Given that several studies observed increase in the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) in reactive astrocytes, we here test whether APP plays a role in reactive astrogliosis. METHODS We investigated whether APP instigates reactive astroglios by examining in vitro and in vivo the morphology and function of naive and APP-deficient astrocytes in response to APP and well-established stressors. RESULTS Overexpression of APP in cultured astrocytes led to remodeling of the intermediate filament network, enhancement of cytokine production, and activation of cellular programs centered around the interferon (IFN) pathway, all signs of reactive astrogliosis. Conversely, APP deletion abrogated remodeling of the intermediate filament network and blunted expression of IFN-stimulated gene products in response to lipopolysaccharide. Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), mouse reactive astrocytes also exhibited an association between APP and IFN, while APP deletion curbed the increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein observed canonically in astrocytes in response to TBI. CONCLUSIONS The APP thus represents a candidate molecular inducer and regulator of reactive astrogliosis. This finding has implications for understanding pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and other diseases of the nervous system characterized by reactive astrogliosis and opens potential new therapeutic avenues targeting APP and its pathways to modulate reactive astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretsen Velezmoro Jauregui
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dragana Vukić
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomedical Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Isaac G Onyango
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos Arias
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jan S Novotný
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Texlová
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Natalie Polakova
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zelinkova
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Čarna
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Valentina Lacovich
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Brian P Head
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Martin Mistrik
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Technology Park, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, IIKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liam Keegan
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mary A O'Connell
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gorazd B Stokin
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucestershire NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
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3
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Ma W, Geng Y, Liu Y, Pan H, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Wang L. The mechanisms of white matter injury and immune system crosstalk in promoting the progression of Parkinson's disease: a narrative review. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1345918. [PMID: 38863783 PMCID: PMC11165104 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1345918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged and elderly people with some pathological mechanisms including immune disorder, neuroinflammation, white matter injury and abnormal aggregation of alpha-synuclein, etc. New research suggests that white matter injury may be important in the development of PD, but how inflammation, the immune system, and white matter damage interact to harm dopamine neurons is not yet understood. Therefore, it is particularly important to delve into the crosstalk between immune cells in the central and peripheral nervous system based on the study of white matter damage in PD. This crosstalk could not only exacerbate the pathological process of PD but may also reveal new therapeutic targets. By understanding how immune cells penetrate through the blood-brain barrier and activate inflammatory responses within the central nervous system, we can better grasp the impact of structural destruction of white matter in PD and explore how this process can be modulated to mitigate or combat disease progression. Microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and peripheral immune cells (especially T cells) play a central role in its pathological process where these immune cells produce and respond to pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and interleukin-6(IL-6), and white matter injury causes microglia to become pro-inflammatory and release inflammatory mediators, which attract more immune cells to the damaged area, increasing the inflammatory response. Moreover, white matter damage also causes dysfunction of blood-brain barrier, allows peripheral immune cells and inflammatory factors to invade the brain further, and enhances microglia activation forming a vicious circle that intensifies neuroinflammation. And these factors collectively promote the neuroinflammatory environment and neurodegeneration changes of PD. Overall, these findings not only deepen our understanding of the complexity of PD, but also provide new targets for the development of therapeutic strategies focused on inflammation and immune regulation mechanisms. In summary, this review provided the theoretical basis for clarifying the pathogenesis of PD, summarized the association between white matter damage and the immune cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and then emphasized their potential specific mechanisms of achieving crosstalk with further aggravating the pathological process of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ma
- Graduate School of Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yifan Geng
- Xuzhou Clinical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youhan Liu
- Graduate School of Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huixin Pan
- Graduate School of Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qinglu Wang
- Graduate School of Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yaohua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering & Technology of Shandong High School, Qilu Medical University, Zibo, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Graduate School of Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Takase EO, Yamasaki R, Nagata S, Watanabe M, Masaki K, Yamaguchi H, Kira JI, Takeuchi H, Isobe N. Astroglial connexin 43 is a novel therapeutic target for chronic multiple sclerosis model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10877. [PMID: 38740862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In chronic stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), connexin (Cx)43 gap junction channel proteins are overexpressed because of astrogliosis. To elucidate the role of increased Cx43, the central nervous system (CNS)-permeable Cx blocker INI-0602 was therapeutically administered. C57BL6 mice with chronic EAE initiated by MOG35-55 received INI-0602 (40 mg/kg) or saline intraperitoneally every other day from days post-immunization (dpi) 17-50. Primary astroglia were employed to observe calcein efflux responses. In INI-0602-treated mice, EAE clinical signs improved significantly in the chronic phase, with reduced demyelination and decreased CD3+ T cells, Iba-1+ and F4/80+ microglia/macrophages, and C3+GFAP+ reactive astroglia infiltration in spinal cord lesions. Flow cytometry analysis of CD4+ T cells from CNS tissues revealed significantly reduced Th17 and Th17/Th1 cells (dpi 24) and Th1 cells (dpi 50). Multiplex array of cerebrospinal fluid showed significantly suppressed IL-6 and significantly increased IL-10 on dpi 24 in INI-0602-treated mice, and significantly suppressed IFN-γ and MCP-1 on dpi 50 in the same group. In vitro INI-0602 treatment inhibited ATP-induced calcium propagations of Cx43+/+ astroglial cells to similar levels of those of Cx43-/- cells. Astroglial Cx43 hemichannels represent a novel therapeutic target for chronic EAE and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Ozdemir Takase
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamasaki
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Nagata
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Masaki
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroo Yamaguchi
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Reiwa Health Sciences University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kira
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Graduate School of Medicine, and School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Ookawa, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Brain and Nerve Center, Fukuoka Central Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan.
- Center for Intractable Neurological Diseases and Dementia, International University of Health and Welfare Atami Hospital, Atami, Japan.
| | - Noriko Isobe
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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5
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Calado M, Ferreira R, Pires D, Santos-Costa Q, Anes E, Brites D, Azevedo-Pereira JM. Unravelling the triad of neuroinvasion, neurodissemination, and neuroinflammation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the central nervous system. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2534. [PMID: 38588024 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Since the identification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in 1983, many improvements have been made to control viral replication in the peripheral blood and to treat opportunistic infections. This has increased life expectancy but also the incidence of age-related central nervous system (CNS) disorders and HIV-associated neurodegeneration/neurocognitive impairment and depression collectively referred to as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). HAND encompasses a spectrum of different clinical presentations ranging from milder forms such as asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment or mild neurocognitive disorder to a severe HIV-associated dementia (HAD). Although control of viral replication and suppression of plasma viral load with combination antiretroviral therapy has reduced the incidence of HAD, it has not reversed milder forms of HAND. The objective of this review, is to describe the mechanisms by which HIV-1 invades and disseminates in the CNS, a crucial event leading to HAND. The review will present the evidence that underlies the relationship between HIV infection and HAND. Additionally, recent findings explaining the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of HAND will be discussed, along with prospects for treatment and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calado
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Pires
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Católica Medical School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Estrada Octávio Pato, Rio de Mouro, Portugal
| | - Quirina Santos-Costa
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elsa Anes
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Dora Brites
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Miguel Azevedo-Pereira
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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6
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Ugodnikov A, Persson H, Simmons CA. Bridging barriers: advances and challenges in modeling biological barriers and measuring barrier integrity in organ-on-chip systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2024. [PMID: 38689569 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier, skin, and intestinal mucosal barrier play key roles in homeostasis, disease physiology, and drug delivery - as such, it is important to create representative in vitro models to improve understanding of barrier biology and serve as tools for therapeutic development. Microfluidic cell culture and organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems enable barrier modelling with greater physiological fidelity than conventional platforms by mimicking key environmental aspects such as fluid shear, accurate microscale dimensions, mechanical cues, extracellular matrix, and geometrically defined co-culture. As the prevalence of barrier-on-chip models increases, so does the importance of tools that can accurately assess barrier integrity and function without disturbing the carefully engineered microenvironment. In this review, we first provide a background on biological barriers and the physiological features that are emulated through in vitro barrier models. Then, we outline molecular permeability and electrical sensing barrier integrity assessment methods, and the related challenges specific to barrier-on-chip implementation. Finally, we discuss future directions in the field, as well important priorities to consider such as fabrication costs, standardization, and bridging gaps between disciplines and stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Ugodnikov
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Henrik Persson
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
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7
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Syvänen V, Koistinaho J, Lehtonen Š. Identification of the abnormalities in astrocytic functions as potential drug targets for neurodegenerative disease. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:603-616. [PMID: 38409817 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2322988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Historically, astrocytes were seen primarily as a supportive cell population within the brain; with neurodegenerative disease research focusing exclusively on malfunctioning neurons. However, astrocytes perform numerous tasks that are essential for maintenance of the central nervous system`s complex processes. Disruption of these functions can have negative consequences; hence, it is unsurprising to observe a growing amount of evidence for the essential role of astrocytes in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting astrocytic functions may serve as a potential disease-modifying drug therapy in the future. AREAS COVERED The present review emphasizes the key astrocytic functions associated with neurodegenerative diseases and explores the possibility of pharmaceutical interventions to modify these processes. In addition, the authors provide an overview of current advancement in this field by including studies of possible drug candidates. EXPERT OPINION Glial research has experienced a significant renaissance in the last quarter-century. Understanding how disease pathologies modify or are caused by astrocyte functions is crucial when developing treatments for brain diseases. Future research will focus on building advanced models that can more precisely correlate to the state in the human brain, with the goal of routinely testing therapies in these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtteri Syvänen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, and Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Šárka Lehtonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Aragón-González A, Shaw AC, Kok JR, Roussel FS, Santos Souza CD, Granger SM, Vetter T, de Diego Y, Meyer KC, Beal SN, Shaw PJ, Ferraiuolo L. C9ORF72 patient-derived endothelial cells drive blood-brain barrier disruption and contribute to neurotoxicity. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:34. [PMID: 38605366 PMCID: PMC11007886 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a highly intricate and dynamic interface connecting the brain and the bloodstream, playing a vital role in maintaining brain homeostasis. BBB dysfunction has been associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); however, the role of the BBB in neurodegeneration is understudied. We developed an ALS patient-derived model of the BBB by using cells derived from 5 patient donors carrying C9ORF72 mutations. Brain microvascular endothelial-like cells (BMEC-like cells) derived from C9ORF72-ALS patients showed altered gene expression, compromised barrier integrity, and increased P-glycoprotein transporter activity. In addition, mitochondrial metabolic tests demonstrated that C9ORF72-ALS BMECs display a significant decrease in basal glycolysis accompanied by increased basal and ATP-linked respiration. Moreover, our study reveals that C9-ALS derived astrocytes can further affect BMECs function and affect the expression of the glucose transporter Glut-1. Finally, C9ORF72 patient-derived BMECs form leaky barriers through a cell-autonomous mechanism and have neurotoxic properties towards motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Aragón-González
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK.
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Malaga, Spain.
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, OH 43205, Columbus, USA.
| | - Allan C Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jannigje R Kok
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Florence S Roussel
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, OH 43205, Columbus, USA
| | - Cleide Dos Santos Souza
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah M Granger
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tatyana Vetter
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, OH 43205, Columbus, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yolanda de Diego
- Research Group PAIDI CTS-546, Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), 29010, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Kathrin C Meyer
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, OH 43205, Columbus, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Selina N Beal
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
- NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Glossop Road, Sheffield, UK
| | - Laura Ferraiuolo
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK.
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Chebotarev O, Ugodnikov A, Simmons CA. Porous Membrane Electrical Cell-Substrate Impedance Spectroscopy for Versatile Assessment of Biological Barriers In Vitro. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2000-2011. [PMID: 38447196 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Cell culture models of endothelial and epithelial barriers typically use porous membrane inserts (e.g., Transwell inserts) as a permeable substrate on which barrier cells are grown, often in coculture with other cell types on the opposite side of the membrane. Current methods to characterize barrier function in porous membrane inserts can disrupt the barrier or provide bulk measurements that cannot isolate barrier cell resistance alone. Electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) addresses these limitations, but its implementation on porous membrane inserts has been limited by costly manufacturing, low sensitivity, and lack of validation for barrier assessment. Here, we present porous membrane ECIS (PM-ECIS), a cost-effective method to adapt ECIS technology to porous substrate-based in vitro models. We demonstrate high fidelity patterning of electrodes on porous membranes that can be incorporated into well plates of a variety of sizes with excellent cell biocompatibility with mono- and coculture set ups. PM-ECIS provided sensitive, real-time measurement of isolated changes in endothelial cell barrier impedance with cell growth and barrier disruption. Barrier function characterized by PM-ECIS resistance correlated well with permeability coefficients obtained from simultaneous molecular tracer permeability assays performed on the same cultures, validating the device. Integration of ECIS into conventional porous cell culture inserts provides a versatile, sensitive, and automated alternative to current methods to measure barrier function in vitro, including molecular tracer assays and transepithelial/endothelial electrical resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Chebotarev
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Alisa Ugodnikov
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
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10
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Chen Y, Li Y, Luo J, Li Z, Huang Y, Cai J, Jiang D, Zhang D, Jian J, Qiang J, Wang B. A novel study of brain microvascular endothelial cells induced by astrocyte conditioned medium for constructing blood brain barrier model in vitro: A promising tool for meningitis of teleost. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109401. [PMID: 38266792 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is mainly composed of specialized endothelial cells, which can resist harmful substances, transport nutrients, and maintain the stability of the brain environment. In this study, an endothelial cell line from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) named TVEC-01 was successfully established. During the earlier establishment phase of the cell line, the TVEC-01 cells were persistently exposed to an astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM). TVEC-01 cells were identified as an endothelial cell line. TVEC-01 cells retained the multiple functions of endothelial cells and were capable of performing various experiments in vitro. Furthermore, TVEC-01 cells efficiently expressed BBB-related tight junctions and key efflux transporters. From the results of the qRT-PCR, we found that the TVEC-01 cell line did not gradually lose BBB characteristics after persistent and repetitive passages, which was different from the vast majority of immortalized endothelial cells. The results showed that ACM induced up-regulation of the expression levels of multiple BBB-related genes in TVEC-01 cells. We confirmed that Streptococcus agalactiae was capable of invading the TVEC-01 cells and initiating a series of immune responses, which provided a theoretical basis for S. agalactiae to break through the BBB of teleost through the transcellular traversal pathway. In summary, we have successfully constructed an endothelial cell line of teleost, named TVEC-01, which can be used in many experiments in vitro and even for constructing BBB in vitro. Moreover, it was confirmed that S. agalactiae broke through the BBB of teleost through the transcellular traversal pathway and caused meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Chen
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, China
| | - Junliang Luo
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zixin Li
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Jia Cai
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Dongneng Jiang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Defeng Zhang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Jichang Jian
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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11
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Prakash P, Erdjument-Bromage H, O'Dea MR, Munson CN, Labib D, Fossati V, Neubert TA, Liddelow SA. Proteomic profiling of interferon-responsive reactive astrocytes in rodent and human. Glia 2024; 72:625-642. [PMID: 38031883 PMCID: PMC10843807 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are a heterogeneous population of central nervous system glial cells that respond to pathological insults and injury by undergoing a transformation called "reactivity." Reactive astrocytes exhibit distinct and context-dependent cellular, molecular, and functional state changes that can either support or disturb tissue homeostasis. We recently identified a reactive astrocyte sub-state defined by interferon-responsive genes like Igtp, Ifit3, Mx1, and others, called interferon-responsive reactive astrocytes (IRRAs). To further this transcriptomic definition of IRRAs, we wanted to define the proteomic changes that occur in this reactive sub-state. We induced IRRAs in immunopanned rodent astrocytes and human iPSC-differentiated astrocytes using TNF, IL1α, C1Q, and IFNβ and characterized their proteomic profile (both cellular and secreted) using unbiased quantitative proteomics. We identified 2335 unique cellular proteins, including IFIT2/3, IFITM3, OASL1/2, MX1/2/3, and STAT1. We also report that rodent and human IRRAs secrete PAI1, a serine protease inhibitor which may influence reactive states and functions of nearby cells. Finally, we evaluated how IRRAs are distinct from neurotoxic reactive astrocytes (NRAs). While NRAs are described by expression of the complement protein C3, it was not upregulated in IRRAs. Instead, we found ~90 proteins unique to IRRAs not identified in NRAs, including OAS1A, IFIT3, and MX1. Interferon signaling in astrocytes is critical for the antiviral immune response and for regulating synaptic plasticity and glutamate transport mechanisms. How IRRAs contribute to these functions is unknown. This study provides the basis for future experiments to define the functional roles of IRRAs in the context of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Prakash
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael R O'Dea
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christy N Munson
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Labib
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Valentina Fossati
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shane A Liddelow
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Parekh Center for Interdisciplinary Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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12
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Bettinetti-Luque M, Trujillo-Estrada L, Garcia-Fuentes E, Andreo-Lopez J, Sanchez-Varo R, Garrido-Sánchez L, Gómez-Mediavilla Á, López MG, Garcia-Caballero M, Gutierrez A, Baglietto-Vargas D. Adipose tissue as a therapeutic target for vascular damage in Alzheimer's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:840-878. [PMID: 37706346 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue has recently been recognized as an important endocrine organ that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and in the immune response in many metabolic tissues. With this regard, emerging evidence indicates that an important crosstalk exists between the adipose tissue and the brain. However, the contribution of adipose tissue to the development of age-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, remains poorly defined. New studies suggest that the adipose tissue modulates brain function through a range of endogenous biologically active factors known as adipokines, which can cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the target areas in the brain or to regulate the function of the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we discuss the effects of several adipokines on the physiology of the blood-brain barrier, their contribution to the development of Alzheimer's disease and their therapeutic potential. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue From Alzheimer's Disease to Vascular Dementia: Different Roads Leading to Cognitive Decline. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bettinetti-Luque
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Fuentes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Andreo-Lopez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Histología Humana, Anatomía Patológica y Educación Física y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ángela Gómez-Mediavilla
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto Teófilo Hernando para la I+D de Fármacos, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto Teófilo Hernando para la I+D de Fármacos, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melissa Garcia-Caballero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Escalada P, Ezkurdia A, Ramírez MJ, Solas M. Essential Role of Astrocytes in Learning and Memory. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1899. [PMID: 38339177 PMCID: PMC10856373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most biologically relevant functions of astrocytes within the CNS is the regulation of synaptic transmission, i.e., the physiological basis for information transmission between neurons. Changes in the strength of synaptic connections are indeed thought to be the cellular basis of learning and memory. Importantly, astrocytes have been demonstrated to tightly regulate these processes via the release of several gliotransmitters linked to astrocytic calcium activity as well as astrocyte-neuron metabolic coupling. Therefore, astrocytes seem to be integrators of and actors upon learning- and memory-relevant information. In this review, we focus on the role of astrocytes in learning and memory processes. We delineate the recognized inputs and outputs of astrocytes and explore the influence of manipulating astrocytes on behaviour across diverse learning paradigms. We conclude that astrocytes influence learning and memory in various manners. Appropriate astrocytic Ca2+ dynamics are being increasingly identified as central contributors to memory formation and retrieval. In addition, astrocytes regulate brain rhythms essential for cognition, and astrocyte-neuron metabolic cooperation is required for memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Escalada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (P.E.); (A.E.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Amaia Ezkurdia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (P.E.); (A.E.); (M.J.R.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Javier Ramírez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (P.E.); (A.E.); (M.J.R.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Solas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (P.E.); (A.E.); (M.J.R.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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14
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Di Martino E, Rayasam A, Vexler ZS. Brain Maturation as a Fundamental Factor in Immune-Neurovascular Interactions in Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:69-86. [PMID: 36705821 PMCID: PMC10796425 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Injuries in the developing brain cause significant long-term neurological deficits. Emerging clinical and preclinical data have demonstrated that the pathophysiology of neonatal and childhood stroke share similar mechanisms that regulate brain damage, but also have distinct molecular signatures and cellular pathways. The focus of this review is on two different diseases-neonatal and childhood stroke-with emphasis on similarities and distinctions identified thus far in rodent models of these diseases. This includes the susceptibility of distinct cell types to brain injury with particular emphasis on the role of resident and peripheral immune populations in modulating stroke outcome. Furthermore, we discuss some of the most recent and relevant findings in relation to the immune-neurovascular crosstalk and how the influence of inflammatory mediators is dependent on specific brain maturation stages. Finally, we comment on the current state of treatments geared toward inducing neuroprotection and promoting brain repair after injury and highlight that future prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for stroke should be age-specific and consider gender differences in order to achieve optimal translational success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Di Martino
- Department of Neurology, University California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA, 94158-0663, USA
| | - Aditya Rayasam
- Department of Neurology, University California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA, 94158-0663, USA
| | - Zinaida S Vexler
- Department of Neurology, University California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA, 94158-0663, USA.
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15
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Heo C, Kwak HJ, Ngo LH, Woo RS, Lee SJ. Implementation of the neuro-glia-vascular unit through co-culture of adult neural stem cells and vascular cells and transcriptomic analysis of diverse Aβ assembly types. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 402:110029. [PMID: 38042304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a specialized layer between blood vessels and tissue in the brain, which is comprised of a neuro-glia-vascular (NGV) unit, thus play a vital role in various brain diseases. NEW METHOD We developed the in vitro NGV units by co-culturing brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs; bEnd.3) and primary neural stem cells extracted from subventricular zone of adult mice. This approach was designed to mimic the RNA profile conditions found in the microvessels of a mouse brain and confirmed through various comparative transcriptome analyses. RESULTS Optimal NGV unit development was achieved by adjusting cell density-dependent co-culture ratios. Specifically, the morphogenic development and neuronal association of astrocyte endfeet were well observed in the contact region with BMECs in the NGV unit. Through transcriptome analysis, we compared co-cultured bEnd.3/NSCs with monocultured bEnd.3 or NSCs and additionally compared them with previously reported mouse brain vascular tissue to show that this NGV unit model is a suitable in vitro model for neurological disease such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) This in vitro NGV unit was formed from neural stem cells and vascular cells in the brain of adult mice, not embryos. It is very useful for studying brain disease mechanisms by identifying proteins and genes associated with diseases progress. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that this simple in vitro NGV model is appropriate to investigate the relationship between BBB changes and pathological factors in the fields of neurovascular biology and cerebrovascular diseases including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaejeong Heo
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea; Institute for Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kwak
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Long Hoang Ngo
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, South Korea
| | - Ran-Sook Woo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, South Korea.
| | - Sook-Jeong Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, South Korea.
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16
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Gargas J, Janowska J, Gebala P, Maksymiuk W, Sypecka J. Reactive Gliosis in Neonatal Disorders: Friend or Foe for Neuroregeneration? Cells 2024; 13:131. [PMID: 38247822 PMCID: PMC10813898 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A developing nervous system is particularly vulnerable to the influence of pathophysiological clues and injuries in the perinatal period. Astrocytes are among the first cells that react to insults against the nervous tissue, the presence of pathogens, misbalance of local tissue homeostasis, and a lack of oxygen and trophic support. Under this background, it remains uncertain if induced astrocyte activation, recognized as astrogliosis, is a friend or foe for progressing neonatal neurodevelopment. Likewise, the state of astrocyte reactivity is considered one of the key factors discriminating between either the initiation of endogenous reparative mechanisms compensating for aberrations in the structures and functions of nervous tissue or the triggering of neurodegeneration. The responses of activated cells are modulated by neighboring neural cells, which exhibit broad immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative properties by secreting a plethora of active compounds (including interleukins and chemokines, neurotrophins, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide synthase and complement components), which are engaged in cell crosstalk in a paracrine manner. As the developing nervous system is extremely sensitive to the influence of signaling molecules, even subtle changes in the composition or concentration of the cellular secretome can have significant effects on the developing neonatal brain. Thus, modulating the activity of other types of cells and their interactions with overreactive astrocytes might be a promising strategy for controlling neonatal astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joanna Sypecka
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (J.J.)
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17
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Collignon A, Dion-Albert L, Ménard C, Coelho-Santos V. Sex, hormones and cerebrovascular function: from development to disorder. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:2. [PMID: 38178239 PMCID: PMC10768274 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Proper cerebrovascular development and neurogliovascular unit assembly are essential for brain growth and function throughout life, ensuring the continuous supply of nutrients and oxygen. This involves crucial events during pre- and postnatal stages through key pathways, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Wnt signaling. These pathways are pivotal for brain vascular growth, expansion, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) maturation. Interestingly, during fetal and neonatal life, cerebrovascular formation coincides with the early peak activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, supporting the idea of sex hormonal influence on cerebrovascular development and barriergenesis.Sex hormonal dysregulation in early development has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders with highly sexually dimorphic features, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Both disorders show higher prevalence in men, with varying symptoms between sexes, with boys exhibiting more externalizing behaviors, such as aggressivity or hyperactivity, and girls displaying higher internalizing behaviors, including anxiety, depression, or attention disorders. Indeed, ASD and ADHD are linked to high prenatal testosterone exposure and reduced aromatase expression, potentially explaining sex differences in prevalence and symptomatology. In line with this, high estrogen levels seem to attenuate ADHD symptoms. At the cerebrovascular level, sex- and region-specific variations of cerebral blood flow perfusion have been reported in both conditions, indicating an impact of gonadal hormones on the brain vascular system, disrupting its ability to respond to neuronal demands.This review aims to provide an overview of the existing knowledge concerning the impact of sex hormones on cerebrovascular formation and maturation, as well as the onset of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we explore the concept of gonadal hormone interactions with brain vascular and BBB development to function, with a particular focus on the modulation of VEGF and Wnt signaling. We outline how these pathways may be involved in the underpinnings of ASD and ADHD. Outstanding questions and potential avenues for future research are highlighted, as uncovering sex-specific physiological and pathological aspects of brain vascular development might lead to innovative therapeutic approaches in the context of ASD, ADHD and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Collignon
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience and CERVO Brain Research Center, Universite Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Laurence Dion-Albert
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience and CERVO Brain Research Center, Universite Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Caroline Ménard
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience and CERVO Brain Research Center, Universite Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Vanessa Coelho-Santos
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Institute of Physiology, Coimbra, Portugal.
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18
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Neha, Wali Z, Pinky, Hattiwale SH, Jamal A, Parvez S. GLP-1/Sigma/RAGE receptors: An evolving picture of Alzheimer's disease pathology and treatment. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102134. [PMID: 38008402 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
According to the facts and figures 2023stated that 6.7 million Americans over the age of 65 have Alzheimer's disease (AD). The scenario of AD has reached up to the maximum, of 4.1 million individuals, 2/3rd are female patients, and approximately 1 in 9 adults over the age of 65 have dementia with AD dementia. The fact that there are now no viable treatments for AD indicates that the underlying disease mechanisms are not fully understood. The progressive neurodegenerative disease, AD is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau protein and senile plaques (SPs), which are brought on by the buildup of amyloid beta (Aβ). Numerous attempts have been made to produce compounds that interfere with these characteristics because of significant research efforts into the primary pathogenic hallmark of this disorder. Here, we summarize several research that highlights interesting therapy strategies and the neuroprotective effects of GLP-1, Sigma, and, AGE-RAGE receptors in pre-clinical and clinical AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Zitin Wali
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Pinky
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Shaheenkousar H Hattiwale
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azfar Jamal
- Department of Biology, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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19
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Khor SLQ, Ng KY, Koh RY, Chye SM. Blood-brain Barrier and Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: From Clinical Insights to Pathogenic Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Approaches. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:315-330. [PMID: 36999187 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230330093829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a crucial role in the central nervous system by tightly regulating the influx and efflux of biological substances between the brain parenchyma and peripheral circulation. Its restrictive nature acts as an obstacle to protect the brain from potentially noxious substances such as blood-borne toxins, immune cells, and pathogens. Thus, the maintenance of its structural and functional integrity is vital in the preservation of neuronal function and cellular homeostasis in the brain microenvironment. However, the barrier's foundation can become compromised during neurological or pathological conditions, which can result in dysregulated ionic homeostasis, impaired transport of nutrients, and accumulation of neurotoxins that eventually lead to irreversible neuronal loss. Initially, the BBB is thought to remain intact during neurodegenerative diseases, but accumulating evidence as of late has suggested the possible association of BBB dysfunction with Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology. The neurodegeneration occurring in PD is believed to stem from a myriad of pathogenic mechanisms, including tight junction alterations, abnormal angiogenesis, and dysfunctional BBB transporter mechanism, which ultimately causes altered BBB permeability. In this review, the major elements of the neurovascular unit (NVU) comprising the BBB are discussed, along with their role in the maintenance of barrier integrity and PD pathogenesis. We also elaborated on how the neuroendocrine system can influence the regulation of BBB function and PD pathogenesis. Several novel therapeutic approaches targeting the NVU components are explored to provide a fresh outlook on treatment options for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lei Qi Khor
- School of Health Science, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khuen Yen Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Science, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soi Moi Chye
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Science, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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20
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de Oliveira J, Moreira ELG, de Bem AF. Beyond cardiovascular risk: Implications of Familial hypercholesterolemia on cognition and brain function. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102149. [PMID: 38056504 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a metabolic condition caused mainly by a mutation in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene (LDLR), which is highly prevalent in the population. Besides being an important causative factor of cardiovascular diseases, FH has been considered an early risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive and emotional behavioral impairments in LDL receptor knockout (LDLr-/-) mice are associated with neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, impaired neurogenesis, brain oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, today, LDLr-/- mice, a widely used animal model for studying cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis, are also considered an interesting tool for studying dementia. Here, we reviewed the main findings in LDLr-/- mice regarding the relationship between FH and brain dysfunctions and dementia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade de Oliveira
- Laboratory of investigation on metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Luiz Gasnhar Moreira
- Neuroscience Coworking Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Metabolism, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, DF 70910-900, Brazil; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040360, Brazil.
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21
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Schumacher S, Tahiri H, Ezan P, Rouach N, Witschas K, Leybaert L. Inhibiting astrocyte connexin-43 hemichannels blocks radiation-induced vesicular VEGF-A release and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Glia 2024; 72:34-50. [PMID: 37670489 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic brain irradiation with ionizing radiation exerts multiple side effects including barrier leakage that disturbs glial-neuronal functioning and may affect cognition. Astrocytes contribute to barrier leakage by endfeet release of various vasoactive substances acting on capillary endothelial cells forming the barrier. Here, we investigated X-ray effects on astrocytic vesicular transport in mice and determined whether interfering with astrocyte connexins affects radiation-induced barrier leakage. We found that astrocytic VEGF-A-loaded VAMP3 vesicles drastically reorganize starting from 6 h post-irradiation and move in a calcium- and Cx43-dependent manner towards endfeet where VEGF-A is released, provoking barrier leakage. Vesicular transport activation, VEGF-A release and leakage 24 h post-irradiation were all potently inhibited by astrocytic Cx43 KO, Cx43S255/262/279/282A (MK4) mutant mice and TATGap19 inhibition of Cx43 hemichannel opening. Astrocyte VEGF release is a major player in complications of brain irradiation, which can be mitigated by anti-VEGF treatments. Targeting Cx43 hemichannels allows to prevent astrocyte VEGF release at an early stage after brain irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Schumacher
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences - Physiology Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanane Tahiri
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences - Physiology Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pascal Ezan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Rouach
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
| | - Katja Witschas
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences - Physiology Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences - Physiology Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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22
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Jauregui GV, Vukić D, Onyango IG, Arias C, Novotný JS, Texlová K, Wang S, Kovačovicova KL, Polakova N, Zelinkova J, Čarna M, Strašil VL, Head BP, Havas D, Mistrik M, Zorec R, Verkhratsky A, Keegan L, O'Connel M, Rissman R, Stokin GB. Amyloid precursor protein induces reactive astrogliosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.18.571817. [PMID: 38187544 PMCID: PMC10769227 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.18.571817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
We present in vitro and in vivo evidence demonstrating that Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) acts as an essential instigator of reactive astrogliosis. Cell-specific overexpression of APP in cultured astrocytes led to remodelling of the intermediate filament network, enhancement of cytokine production and activation of cellular programs centred around the interferon (IFN) pathway, all signs of reactive astrogliosis. Conversely, APP deletion in cultured astrocytes abrogated remodelling of the intermediate filament network and blunted expression of IFN stimulated gene (ISG) products in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), mouse reactive astrocytes also exhibited an association between APP and IFN, while APP deletion curbed the increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) observed canonically in astrocytes in response to TBI. Thus, APP represents a molecular inducer and regulator of reactive astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretsen Velezmoro Jauregui
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dragana Vukić
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno Czech Republic
| | - Isaac G Onyango
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos Arias
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jan S Novotný
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Texlová
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Natalie Polakova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zelinkova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Čarna
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Brian P Head
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Martin Mistrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Technology Park, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, IIKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liam Keegan
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mary O'Connel
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gorazd B Stokin
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucestershire NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
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23
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Kwakowsky A, Chawdhary B, de Souza A, Meyer E, Kaye AH, Green CR, Stylli SS, Danesh-Meyer H. Tonabersat Significantly Reduces Disease Progression in an Experimental Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17454. [PMID: 38139284 PMCID: PMC10744318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease marked by chronic neuroinflammation thought to be mediated by the inflammasome pathway. Connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannels contribute to the activation of the inflammasome through the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) inflammasome activation signals. The objective of the study was to evaluate if the Cx43 hemichannel blocker, tonabersat, is effective in modulating the inflammatory response and reducing disability in the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (MOG35-55 EAE) model of MS. Here, we show that the Cx43 hemichannel blocking drug, tonabersat, significantly reduced expression of neuroinflammatory markers for microglial activation (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1)) and astrogliosis (glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)) while preserving myelin basic protein (MBP) expression levels in the corpus callosum, motor cortex, and striatum regions of the brain in MOG35-55 EAE mice. Reduced NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex assembly and Caspase-1 activation confirmed the drug's mode of action. MOG35-55 EAE mice showed clinical signs of MS, but MOG35-55 EAE mice treated with tonabersat retained behavior closer to normal. These data suggest that clinical trial phase IIb-ready tonabersat may merit further investigation as a promising candidate for MS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kwakowsky
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (B.C.); (A.d.S.); (E.M.)
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Medicine, Ollscoil na Gaillimhe—University of Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland
| | - Bhavya Chawdhary
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (B.C.); (A.d.S.); (E.M.)
- Department of Opthalmology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (C.R.G.); (H.D.-M.)
| | - Antonio de Souza
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (B.C.); (A.d.S.); (E.M.)
- Department of Opthalmology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (C.R.G.); (H.D.-M.)
| | - Emily Meyer
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (B.C.); (A.d.S.); (E.M.)
- Department of Opthalmology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (C.R.G.); (H.D.-M.)
| | - Andrew H. Kaye
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.H.K.); (S.S.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Colin R. Green
- Department of Opthalmology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (C.R.G.); (H.D.-M.)
| | - Stanley S. Stylli
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.H.K.); (S.S.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Helen Danesh-Meyer
- Department of Opthalmology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (C.R.G.); (H.D.-M.)
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24
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Manu DR, Slevin M, Barcutean L, Forro T, Boghitoiu T, Balasa R. Astrocyte Involvement in Blood-Brain Barrier Function: A Critical Update Highlighting Novel, Complex, Neurovascular Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17146. [PMID: 38138976 PMCID: PMC10743219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders have been linked to a defective blood-brain barrier (BBB), with dysfunctions triggered by stage-specific disease mechanisms, some of these being generated through interactions in the neurovascular unit (NVU). Advanced knowledge of molecular and signaling mechanisms in the NVU and the emergence of improved experimental models allow BBB permeability prediction and the development of new brain-targeted therapies. As NVU constituents, astrocytes are the most numerous glial cells, characterized by a heterogeneity that occurs as a result of developmental and context-based gene expression profiles and the differential expression of non-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs). Due to their heterogeneity and dynamic responses to different signals, astrocytes may have a beneficial or detrimental role in the BBB's barrier function, with deep effects on the pathophysiology of (and on the progression of) central nervous system diseases. The implication of astrocytic-derived extracellular vesicles in pathological mechanisms, due to their ability to pass the BBB, must also be considered. The molecular mechanisms of astrocytes' interaction with endothelial cells at the BBB level are considered promising therapeutic targets in different neurological conditions. Nevertheless, a personalized and well-founded approach must be addressed, due to the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of reactive astrogliosis states during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doina Ramona Manu
- Centre for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.R.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Mark Slevin
- Centre for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.R.M.); (M.S.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK
| | - Laura Barcutean
- Neurology 1 Clinic, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Timea Forro
- Doctoral School, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Tudor Boghitoiu
- Psychiatry II Clinic, County Clinical Hospital, 540072 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Rodica Balasa
- Neurology 1 Clinic, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
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25
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Wang Y, Liu W, Geng P, Du W, Guo C, Wang Q, Zheng GQ, Jin X. Role of Crosstalk between Glial Cells and Immune Cells in Blood-Brain Barrier Damage and Protection after Acute Ischemic Stroke. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1010. [PMID: 37962453 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage is the main pathological basis for acute ischemic stroke (AIS)-induced cerebral vasogenic edema and hemorrhagic transformation (HT). Glial cells, including microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs)/oligodendrocytes (OLs) play critical roles in BBB damage and protection. Recent evidence indicates that immune cells also have an important role in BBB damage, vasogenic edema and HT. Therefore, regulating the crosstalk between glial cells and immune cells would hold the promise to alleviate AIS-induced BBB damage. In this review, we first introduce the roles of glia cells, pericytes, and crosstalk between glial cells in the damage and protection of BBB after AIS, emphasizing the polarization, inflammatory response and crosstalk between microglia, astrocytes, and other glia cells. We then describe the role of glial cell-derived exosomes in the damage and protection of BBB after AIS. Next, we specifically discuss the crosstalk between glial cells and immune cells after AIS. Finally, we propose that glial cells could be a potential target for alleviating BBB damage after AIS and we discuss some molecular targets and potential strategies to alleviate BBB damage by regulating glial cells after AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wencao Liu
- Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Panpan Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Weihong Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chun Guo
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinchun Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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26
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Cash A, de Jager C, Brickler T, Soliman E, Ladner L, Kaloss AM, Zhu Y, Pridham KJ, Mills J, Ju J, Basso EKG, Chen M, Johnson Z, Sotiropoulos Y, Wang X, Xie H, Matson JB, Marvin EA, Theus MH. Endothelial deletion of EPH receptor A4 alters single-cell profile and Tie2/Akap12 signaling to preserve blood-brain barrier integrity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2204700120. [PMID: 37796990 PMCID: PMC10576133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204700120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurobiological consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) result from a complex interplay of secondary injury responses and sequela that mediates chronic disability. Endothelial cells are important regulators of the cerebrovascular response to TBI. Our work demonstrates that genetic deletion of endothelial cell (EC)-specific EPH receptor A4 (EphA4) using conditional EphA4f/f/Tie2-Cre and EphA4f/f/VE-Cadherin-CreERT2 knockout (KO) mice promotes blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and tissue protection, which correlates with improved motor function and cerebral blood flow recovery following controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. scRNAseq of capillary-derived KO ECs showed increased differential gene expression of BBB-related junctional and actin cytoskeletal regulators, namely, A-kinase anchor protein 12, Akap12, whose presence at Tie2 clustering domains is enhanced in KO microvessels. Transcript and protein analysis of CCI-injured whole cortical tissue or cortical-derived ECs suggests that EphA4 limits the expression of Cldn5, Akt, and Akap12 and promotes Ang2. Blocking Tie2 using sTie2-Fc attenuated protection and reversed Akap12 mRNA and protein levels cortical-derived ECs. Direct stimulation of Tie2 using Vasculotide, angiopoietin-1 memetic peptide, phenocopied the neuroprotection. Finally, we report a noteworthy rise in soluble Ang2 in the sera of individuals with acute TBI, highlighting its promising role as a vascular biomarker for early detection of BBB disruption. These findings describe a contribution of the axon guidance molecule, EphA4, in mediating TBI microvascular dysfunction through negative regulation of Tie2/Akap12 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Cash
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Caroline de Jager
- Translational Biology Medicine and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Thomas Brickler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Eman Soliman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Liliana Ladner
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA24016
| | - Alexandra M. Kaloss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Yumeng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Kevin J. Pridham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Jatia Mills
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Jing Ju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | | | - Michael Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Zachary Johnson
- Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Yianni Sotiropoulos
- Summer Veterinary Student Research Program, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Hehuang Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
- Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
- Center for Engineered Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - John B. Matson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Eric A. Marvin
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA24016
| | - Michelle H. Theus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
- Summer Veterinary Student Research Program, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061
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27
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You J, Youssef MMM, Santos JR, Lee J, Park J. Microglia and Astrocytes in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Disease-Associated States, Pathological Roles, and Therapeutic Potential. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1307. [PMID: 37887017 PMCID: PMC10603852 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Microglial and astrocytic reactivity is a prominent feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Microglia and astrocytes have been increasingly appreciated to play pivotal roles in disease pathogenesis. These cells can adopt distinct states characterized by a specific molecular profile or function depending on the different contexts of development, health, aging, and disease. Accumulating evidence from ALS rodent and cell models has demonstrated neuroprotective and neurotoxic functions from microglia and astrocytes. In this review, we focused on the recent advancements of knowledge in microglial and astrocytic states and nomenclature, the landmark discoveries demonstrating a clear contribution of microglia and astrocytes to ALS pathogenesis, and novel therapeutic candidates leveraging these cells that are currently undergoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin You
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (J.Y.); (M.M.M.Y.); (J.R.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Mohieldin M. M. Youssef
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (J.Y.); (M.M.M.Y.); (J.R.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Jhune Rizsan Santos
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (J.Y.); (M.M.M.Y.); (J.R.S.); (J.L.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jooyun Lee
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (J.Y.); (M.M.M.Y.); (J.R.S.); (J.L.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jeehye Park
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (J.Y.); (M.M.M.Y.); (J.R.S.); (J.L.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
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28
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Jing D, Hou X, Guo X, Zhao X, Zhang K, Zhang J, Kan C, Han F, Liu J, Sun X. Astrocytes in Post-Stroke Depression: Roles in Inflammation, Neurotransmission, and Neurotrophin Signaling. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3301-3313. [PMID: 37470888 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01386-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a frequent and disabling complication of stroke that affects up to one-third of stroke survivors. The pathophysiology of PSD involves multiple mechanisms, including neurochemical, neuroinflammatory, neurotrophic, and neuroplastic changes. Astrocytes are a type of glial cell that is plentiful and adaptable in the central nervous system. They play key roles in various mechanisms by modulating neurotransmission, inflammation, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. This review summarizes the latest evidence of astrocyte involvement in PSD from human and animal studies, focusing on the alterations of astrocyte markers and functions in relation to monoamine neurotransmitters, inflammatory cytokines, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glutamate excitotoxicity. We also discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting astrocytes for PSD prevention and treatment. Astrocytes could be new candidates for antidepressant medications and other interventions that aim to restore astrocyte homeostasis and function in PSD. Astrocytes could be new candidates for antidepressant medications and other interventions that aim to restore astrocyte homeostasis and function in PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Jing
- Department of Neurology 1, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Department of General Practice, Weifang Sixth People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Neurology 1, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Neurology 1, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Chengxia Kan
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Junling Liu
- Department of Neurology 1, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China.
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China.
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29
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Xue S, Zhou X, Yang ZH, Si XK, Sun X. Stroke-induced damage on the blood-brain barrier. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1248970. [PMID: 37840921 PMCID: PMC10569696 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1248970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a functional phenotype exhibited by the neurovascular unit (NVU). It is maintained and regulated by the interaction between cellular and non-cellular matrix components of the NVU. The BBB plays a vital role in maintaining the dynamic stability of the intracerebral microenvironment as a barrier layer at the critical interface between the blood and neural tissues. The large contact area (approximately 20 m2/1.3 kg brain) and short diffusion distance between neurons and capillaries allow endothelial cells to dominate the regulatory role. The NVU is a structural component of the BBB. Individual cells and components of the NVU work together to maintain BBB stability. One of the hallmarks of acute ischemic stroke is the disruption of the BBB, including impaired function of the tight junction and other molecules, as well as increased BBB permeability, leading to brain edema and a range of clinical symptoms. This review summarizes the cellular composition of the BBB and describes the protein composition of the barrier functional junction complex and the mechanisms regulating acute ischemic stroke-induced BBB disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xin Sun
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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30
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Plummer AM, Matos YL, Lin HC, Ryman SG, Birg A, Quinn DK, Parada AN, Vakhtin AA. Gut-brain pathogenesis of post-acute COVID-19 neurocognitive symptoms. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1232480. [PMID: 37841680 PMCID: PMC10568482 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1232480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately one third of non-hospitalized coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) patients report chronic symptoms after recovering from the acute stage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Some of the most persistent and common complaints of this post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) are cognitive in nature, described subjectively as "brain fog" and also objectively measured as deficits in executive function, working memory, attention, and processing speed. The mechanisms of these chronic cognitive sequelae are currently not understood. SARS-CoV-2 inflicts damage to cerebral blood vessels and the intestinal wall by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and also by evoking production of high levels of systemic cytokines, compromising the brain's neurovascular unit, degrading the intestinal barrier, and potentially increasing the permeability of both to harmful substances. Such substances are hypothesized to be produced in the gut by pathogenic microbiota that, given the profound effects COVID-19 has on the gastrointestinal system, may fourish as a result of intestinal post-COVID-19 dysbiosis. COVID-19 may therefore create a scenario in which neurotoxic and neuroinflammatory substances readily proliferate from the gut lumen and encounter a weakened neurovascular unit, gaining access to the brain and subsequently producing cognitive deficits. Here, we review this proposed PACS pathogenesis along the gut-brain axis, while also identifying specific methodologies that are currently available to experimentally measure each individual component of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Plummer
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Yvette L. Matos
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Henry C. Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Sephira G. Ryman
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Nene and Jamie Koch Comprehensive Movement Disorder Center, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Aleksandr Birg
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Davin K. Quinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Alisha N. Parada
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Andrei A. Vakhtin
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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31
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Potokar M, Zorec R, Jorgačevski J. Astrocytes Are a Key Target for Neurotropic Viral Infection. Cells 2023; 12:2307. [PMID: 37759529 PMCID: PMC10528686 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are increasingly recognized as important viral host cells in the central nervous system. These cells can produce relatively high quantities of new virions. In part, this can be attributed to the characteristics of astrocyte metabolism and its abundant and dynamic cytoskeleton network. Astrocytes are anatomically localized adjacent to interfaces between blood capillaries and brain parenchyma and between blood capillaries and brain ventricles. Moreover, astrocytes exhibit a larger membrane interface with the extracellular space than neurons. These properties, together with the expression of various and numerous viral entry receptors, a relatively high rate of endocytosis, and morphological plasticity of intracellular organelles, render astrocytes important target cells in neurotropic infections. In this review, we describe factors that mediate the high susceptibility of astrocytes to viral infection and replication, including the anatomic localization of astrocytes, morphology, expression of viral entry receptors, and various forms of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Potokar
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology–Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology–Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Jorgačevski
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology–Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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32
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Zhao ZA, Yan L, Wen J, Satyanarayanan SK, Yu F, Lu J, Liu YU, Su H. Cellular and molecular mechanisms in vascular repair after traumatic brain injury: a narrative review. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkad033. [PMID: 37675267 PMCID: PMC10478165 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disrupts normal brain function and is associated with high morbidity and fatality rates. TBI is characterized as mild, moderate or severe depending on its severity. The damage may be transient and limited to the dura matter, with only subtle changes in cerebral parenchyma, or life-threatening with obvious focal contusions, hematomas and edema. Blood vessels are often injured in TBI. Even in mild TBI, dysfunctional cerebral vascular repair may result in prolonged symptoms and poor outcomes. Various distinct types of cells participate in vascular repair after TBI. A better understanding of the cellular response and function in vascular repair can facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we analyzed the mechanism of cerebrovascular impairment and the repercussions following various forms of TBI. We then discussed the role of distinct cell types in the repair of meningeal and parenchyma vasculature following TBI, including endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells, pericytes, glial cells (astrocytes and microglia), neurons, myeloid cells (macrophages and monocytes) and meningeal lymphatic endothelial cells. Finally, possible treatment techniques targeting these unique cell types for vascular repair after TBI are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83# Wen-Hua Road, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Lingli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jiahong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yong U Liu
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology in Health and Disease Institute, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
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33
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Schulz JA, Hartz AMS, Bauer B. ABCB1 and ABCG2 Regulation at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Potential New Targets to Improve Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:815-853. [PMID: 36973040 PMCID: PMC10441638 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The drug efflux transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2 at the blood-brain barrier limit the delivery of drugs into the brain. Strategies to overcome ABCB1/ABCG2 have been largely unsuccessful, which poses a tremendous clinical problem to successfully treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Understanding basic transporter biology, including intracellular regulation mechanisms that control these transporters, is critical to solving this clinical problem.In this comprehensive review, we summarize current knowledge on signaling pathways that regulate ABCB1/ABCG2 at the blood-brain barrier. In Section I, we give a historical overview on blood-brain barrier research and introduce the role that ABCB1 and ABCG2 play in this context. In Section II, we summarize the most important strategies that have been tested to overcome the ABCB1/ABCG2 efflux system at the blood-brain barrier. In Section III, the main component of this review, we provide detailed information on the signaling pathways that have been identified to control ABCB1/ABCG2 at the blood-brain barrier and their potential clinical relevance. This is followed by Section IV, where we explain the clinical implications of ABCB1/ABCG2 regulation in the context of CNS disease. Lastly, in Section V, we conclude by highlighting examples of how transporter regulation could be targeted for therapeutic purposes in the clinic. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The ABCB1/ABCG2 drug efflux system at the blood-brain barrier poses a significant problem to successful drug delivery to the brain. The article reviews signaling pathways that regulate blood-brain barrier ABCB1/ABCG2 and could potentially be targeted for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Schulz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (J.A.S., B.B.), Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (A.M.S.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Anika M S Hartz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (J.A.S., B.B.), Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (A.M.S.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Björn Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (J.A.S., B.B.), Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (A.M.S.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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34
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Freitas-Andrade M, Comin CH, Van Dyken P, Ouellette J, Raman-Nair J, Blakeley N, Liu QY, Leclerc S, Pan Y, Liu Z, Carrier M, Thakur K, Savard A, Rurak GM, Tremblay MÈ, Salmaso N, da F Costa L, Coppola G, Lacoste B. Astroglial Hmgb1 regulates postnatal astrocyte morphogenesis and cerebrovascular maturation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4965. [PMID: 37587100 PMCID: PMC10432480 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are intimately linked with brain blood vessels, an essential relationship for neuronal function. However, astroglial factors driving these physical and functional associations during postnatal brain development have yet to be identified. By characterizing structural and transcriptional changes in mouse cortical astrocytes during the first two postnatal weeks, we find that high-mobility group box 1 (Hmgb1), normally upregulated with injury and involved in adult cerebrovascular repair, is highly expressed in astrocytes at birth and then decreases rapidly. Astrocyte-selective ablation of Hmgb1 at birth affects astrocyte morphology and endfoot placement, alters distribution of endfoot proteins connexin43 and aquaporin-4, induces transcriptional changes in astrocytes related to cytoskeleton remodeling, and profoundly disrupts endothelial ultrastructure. While lack of astroglial Hmgb1 does not affect the blood-brain barrier or angiogenesis postnatally, it impairs neurovascular coupling and behavior in adult mice. These findings identify astroglial Hmgb1 as an important player in postnatal gliovascular maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesar H Comin
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Computer Science, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Peter Van Dyken
- Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Ouellette
- Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joanna Raman-Nair
- Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Blakeley
- Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Qing Yan Liu
- National Research Council of Canada, Human Health and Therapeutics, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sonia Leclerc
- National Research Council of Canada, Human Health and Therapeutics, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Youlian Pan
- Digital Technologies, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ziying Liu
- Digital Technologies, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Micaël Carrier
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Karan Thakur
- Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandre Savard
- Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gareth M Rurak
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Natalina Salmaso
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Luciano da F Costa
- University of São Paulo, São Carlos Institute of Physics, FCM-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Baptiste Lacoste
- Neuroscience Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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35
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Shang Y, Piantino M, Zeng J, Louis F, Xie Z, Furihata T, Matsusaki M. Control of blood capillary networks and holes in blood-brain barrier models by regulating elastic modulus of scaffolds. Mater Today Bio 2023; 21:100714. [PMID: 37545563 PMCID: PMC10401288 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a type of capillary network characterized by a highly selective barrier, which restricts the transport of substances between the blood and nervous system. Numerous in vitro models of the BBB have been developed for drug testing, but a BBB model with controllable capillary structures remains a major challenge. In this study, we report for the first time a unique method of controlling the blood capillary networks and characteristic holes formation in a BBB model by varying the elastic modulus of a three-dimensional scaffold. The characteristic hole structures are formed by the migration of endothelial cells from the model surface to the interior, which have functions of connecting the model interior to the external environment. The hole depth increased, as the elastic modulus of the fibrin gel scaffold increased, and the internal capillary network length increased with decreasing elastic modulus. Besides, internal astrocytes and pericytes were also found to be important for inducing hole formation from the model surface. Furthermore, RNA sequencing indicated up-regulated genes related to matrix metalloproteinases and angiogenesis, suggesting a relationship between enzymatic degradation of the scaffolds and hole formation. The findings of this study introduce a new method of fabricating complex BBB models for drug assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Shang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Marie Piantino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jinfeng Zeng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi Business Center Building, Kojimachi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fiona Louis
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN INC.) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Zhengtian Xie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Furihata
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN INC.) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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36
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Safwat A, Helmy A, Gupta A. The Role of Substance P Within Traumatic Brain Injury and Implications for Therapy. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:1567-1583. [PMID: 37132595 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the role of the neuropeptide substance P within the neuroinflammation that follows traumatic brain injury. It examines it in reference to its preferential receptor, the neurokinin-1 receptor, and explores the evidence for antagonism of this receptor in traumatic brain injury with therapeutic intent. Expression of substance P increases following traumatic brain injury. Subsequent binding to the neurokinin-1 receptor results in neurogenic inflammation, a cause of deleterious secondary effects that include an increased intracranial pressure and poor clinical outcome. In several animal models of TBI, neurokinin-1 receptor antagonism has been shown to reduce brain edema and the resultant rise in intracranial pressure. A brief overview of the history of substance P is presented, alongside an exploration into the chemistry of the neuropeptide with a relevance to its functions within the central nervous system. This review summarizes the scientific and clinical rationale for substance P antagonism as a promising therapy for human TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Safwat
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adel Helmy
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Arun Gupta
- Neurosciences Critical Care Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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37
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Novorolsky RJ, Kasheke GDS, Hakim A, Foldvari M, Dorighello GG, Sekler I, Vuligonda V, Sanders ME, Renden RB, Wilson JJ, Robertson GS. Preserving and enhancing mitochondrial function after stroke to protect and repair the neurovascular unit: novel opportunities for nanoparticle-based drug delivery. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1226630. [PMID: 37484823 PMCID: PMC10360135 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1226630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is composed of vascular cells, glia, and neurons that form the basic component of the blood brain barrier. This intricate structure rapidly adjusts cerebral blood flow to match the metabolic needs of brain activity. However, the NVU is exquisitely sensitive to damage and displays limited repair after a stroke. To effectively treat stroke, it is therefore considered crucial to both protect and repair the NVU. Mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uptake supports NVU function by buffering Ca2+ and stimulating energy production. However, excessive mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake causes toxic mitochondrial Ca2+ overloading that triggers numerous cell death pathways which destroy the NVU. Mitochondrial damage is one of the earliest pathological events in stroke. Drugs that preserve mitochondrial integrity and function should therefore confer profound NVU protection by blocking the initiation of numerous injury events. We have shown that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and efflux in the brain are mediated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUcx) and sodium/Ca2+/lithium exchanger (NCLX), respectively. Moreover, our recent pharmacological studies have demonstrated that MCUcx inhibition and NCLX activation suppress ischemic and excitotoxic neuronal cell death by blocking mitochondrial Ca2+ overloading. These findings suggest that combining MCUcx inhibition with NCLX activation should markedly protect the NVU. In terms of promoting NVU repair, nuclear hormone receptor activation is a promising approach. Retinoid X receptor (RXR) and thyroid hormone receptor (TR) agonists activate complementary transcriptional programs that stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis, suppress inflammation, and enhance the production of new vascular cells, glia, and neurons. RXR and TR agonism should thus further improve the clinical benefits of MCUcx inhibition and NCLX activation by increasing NVU repair. However, drugs that either inhibit the MCUcx, or stimulate the NCLX, or activate the RXR or TR, suffer from adverse effects caused by undesired actions on healthy tissues. To overcome this problem, we describe the use of nanoparticle drug formulations that preferentially target metabolically compromised and damaged NVUs after an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. These nanoparticle-based approaches have the potential to improve clinical safety and efficacy by maximizing drug delivery to diseased NVUs and minimizing drug exposure in healthy brain and peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J. Novorolsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Gracious D. S. Kasheke
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Antoine Hakim
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Marianna Foldvari
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriel G. Dorighello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Israel Sekler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beersheva, Israel
| | | | | | - Robert B. Renden
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - George S. Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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de Rus Jacquet A, Alpaugh M, Denis HL, Tancredi JL, Boutin M, Decaestecker J, Beauparlant C, Herrmann L, Saint-Pierre M, Parent M, Droit A, Breton S, Cicchetti F. The contribution of inflammatory astrocytes to BBB impairments in a brain-chip model of Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3651. [PMID: 37339976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte dysfunction has previously been linked to multiple neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD). Among their many roles, astrocytes are mediators of the brain immune response, and astrocyte reactivity is a pathological feature of PD. They are also involved in the formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but barrier integrity is compromised in people with PD. This study focuses on an unexplored area of PD pathogenesis by characterizing the interplay between astrocytes, inflammation and BBB integrity, and by combining patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells with microfluidic technologies to generate a 3D human BBB chip. Here we report that astrocytes derived from female donors harboring the PD-related LRRK2 G2019S mutation are pro-inflammatory and fail to support the formation of a functional capillary in vitro. We show that inhibition of MEK1/2 signaling attenuates the inflammatory profile of mutant astrocytes and rescues BBB formation, providing insights into mechanisms regulating barrier integrity in PD. Lastly, we confirm that vascular changes are also observed in the human postmortem substantia nigra of both males and females with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A de Rus Jacquet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA.
| | - M Alpaugh
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - H L Denis
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - J L Tancredi
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
- Cell Biology R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Frederick, MD, 21704, USA
| | - M Boutin
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - J Decaestecker
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - C Beauparlant
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - L Herrmann
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - M Saint-Pierre
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - M Parent
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, QC, G1E 1T2, Canada
| | - A Droit
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - S Breton
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Reproduction, santé de la mère et de l'enfant, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Centre de recherche en reproduction, développement et santé intergénérationnelle, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - F Cicchetti
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Zhang W, Zhao X, Qi X, Kimber SJ, Hooper NM, Wang T. Induced pluripotent stem cell model revealed impaired neurovascular interaction in genetic small vessel disease Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1195470. [PMID: 37361999 PMCID: PMC10285224 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1195470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most common genetic small vessel disease caused by variants in the NOTCH3 gene. Patients with CADASIL experience recurrent strokes, developing into cognitive defect and vascular dementia. CADASIL is a late-onset vascular condition, but migraine and brain MRI lesions appear in CADASIL patients as early as their teens and twenties, suggesting an abnormal neurovascular interaction at the neurovascular unit (NVU) where microvessels meet the brain parenchyma. Methods To understand the molecular mechanisms of CADASIL, we established induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models from CADASIL patients and differentiated the iPSCs into the major NVU cell types including brain microvascular endothelial-like cells (BMECs), vascular mural cells (MCs), astrocytes and cortical projection neurons. We then built an in vitro NVU model by co-culturing different neurovascular cell types in Transwells and evaluated the blood brain barrier (BBB) function by measuring transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). Results Results showed that, while the wild-type MCs, astrocytes and neurons could all independently and significantly enhance TEER of the iPSC-BMECs, such capability of MCs from iPSCs of CADASIL patients was significantly impaired. Additionally, the barrier function of the BMECs from CADASIL iPSCs was significantly decreased, accompanied with disorganized tight junctions in iPSC-BMECs, which could not be rescued by the wild-type MCs or sufficiently rescued by the wild-type astrocytes and neurons. Discussion Our findings provide new insight into early disease pathologies on the neurovascular interaction and BBB function at the molecular and cellular levels for CADASIL, which helps inform future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Xiangjun Zhao
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Xuewei Qi
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susan J. Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel M. Hooper
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Wang
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Kriaučiūnaitė K, Pociūtė A, Kaušylė A, Verkhratsky A, Pivoriūnas A. Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Opens and Closes the Endothelial Blood-Brain Barrier in a Concentration-Dependent Manner. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1211-1221. [PMID: 35859077 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple paracrine factors are implicated in the regulation of barrier properties of human brain endothelial cells (BECs) in different physiologic and pathologic settings. We have recently demonstrated that autocrine secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) by BECs is necessary for the establishment of endothelial barrier (as demonstrated by high trans-endothelial electric resistance, TEER), whereas exogenous bFGF inhibits TEER in a concentration-dependent manner. In the present study we analysed the contribution of MAPK/ERK and STAT3 signalling pathways to the inhibitory effects of exogenous bFGF. Treatment with bFGF (8 ng/ml) for 3 days increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and STAT3. Treatment with FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitor PD173074 (15 μM) suppressed both basal and bFGF-induced activation of ERK1/2 and STAT3. Suppression of STAT signalling with Janus kinase inhibitor JAKi (15 nM) alone or in the presence of bFGF did not change TEER in BEC monolayers. Exposure to JAKi affected neither proliferation, nor expression and distribution of tight junction (TJ) proteins claudin-5, occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). In contrast, treatment with MEK 1/2 inhibitor U0126 (10 μM) partially neutralised inhibitory effect of bFGF thus increasing TEER, whereas U0126 alone did not affect resistance of endothelial barrier. Our findings demonstrate that MAPK/ERK signalling pathway does not affect autocrine bFGF signalling-dependent BECs barrier function but is largely responsible for the disruptive effects of the exogenous bFGF. We speculate that bFGF may (depending on concentration and possibly origin) dynamically regulate permeability of the endothelial blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kriaučiūnaitė
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 01102, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agnė Pociūtė
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 01102, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aida Kaušylė
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 01102, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 01102, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, 48011, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Augustas Pivoriūnas
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 01102, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Zhang S, Zhang J, Zhang X, Lv P, Guo S. The protective effect of total glucosides of white paeony capsules on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152313. [PMID: 36586141 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To learn about the effect and mechanism of total glucosides of white peony capsule (TGP), on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an acknowledged animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS The rat model of EAE was induced by subcutaneous injection with guinea pig spinal cord homogenate. The severity of the disease model was assessed by clinical score, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and luxol fast blue (LFB). Immunohistochemical assay was used to observe the types of inflammatory cells and adhesive molecule expression. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to detect content of the stem cell growth factor / mast cell growth factor (scf/MGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-2. Immunofluorescence assay was applied to observe the expression of connexin43 (Cx43), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), connexin47 (Cx47) and the monoclonal antibody anti-adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) clone CC1. RESULTS Compare with the animals in EAE model group, TGP treated rats (particularly those treated with high doses) showed a significant decrease in morbidity, clinical scores, CNS infiltration of inflammatory cells (including mononuclear macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) and demyelination. The key adhesion molecule ICAM-1, cytokines IL-2、IL-6 and scf/MGF were significantly decreased with TGP treatment. Oppositely, PD-1, connexin47 in oligodendrocytes and connexin43 in astrocytes were elevated with TGP treatment. CONCLUSION To sum up, TGP exhibited a significantly prevention and treatment effect on EAE rat model, and this improvement was achieved through a combination way composed of glial and inflammatory cells, junction proteins, various factors including adhesion factors, interleukins and scf/MGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Peng Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Sanxing Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
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42
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Yao D, Zhang R, Xie M, Ding F, Wang M, Wang W. Updated Understanding of the Glial-Vascular Unit in Central Nervous System Disorders. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:503-518. [PMID: 36374471 PMCID: PMC10043098 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of the glial-vascular unit (GVU) was raised recently to emphasize the close associations between brain cells and cerebral vessels, and their coordinated reactions to diverse neurological insults from a "glio-centric" view. GVU is a multicellular structure composed of glial cells, perivascular cells, and perivascular space. Each component is closely linked, collectively forming the GVU. The central roles of glial and perivascular cells and their multi-level interconnections in the GVU under normal conditions and in central nervous system (CNS) disorders have not been elucidated in detail. Here, we comprehensively review the intensive interactions between glial cells and perivascular cells in the niche of perivascular space, which take part in the modulation of cerebral blood flow and angiogenesis, formation of the blood-brain barrier, and clearance of neurotoxic wastes. Next, we discuss dysfunctions of the GVU in various neurological diseases, including ischemic stroke, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, and major depression disorder. In addition, we highlight the possible therapies targeting the GVU, which may have potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ruoying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Minjie Xie
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fengfei Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Minghuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Herrera VLM, Gromisch CM, Decano JL, Pasion KA, Tan GLA, Hua N, Takahashi CE, Greer DM, Ruiz-Opazo N. Anti-DEspR antibody treatment improves survival and reduces neurologic deficits in a hypertensive, spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (hsICH) rat model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2703. [PMID: 36792616 PMCID: PMC9932093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive secondary brain injury-induced by dysregulated neuroinflammation in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH)-underlies high sICH-mortality and remains without FDA-approved pharmacotherapy. Clinical insight that hematoma-directed interventions do not improve mortality prioritizes resolving acute secondary brain injury in sICH. As neutrophils are implicated in sICH secondary brain injury, we tested whether inhibition of a rogue neutrophil-subset expressing the dual endothelin-1/signal peptide receptor (DEspR) and associated with secondary tissue injury, DEspR+ CD11b+ immunotype, will attenuate mortality in a hypertensive-sICH (hsICH) rat model. We confirmed sICH-related deaths in hsICH-rats by T2*-weighted 9.4 T MRI and DEspR+ neutrophils in hsICH-rat brain perihematomal areas by immunostaining. At acute sICH, anti-DEspR muIgG1-antibody, mu10a3, treatment increased median survival in hsICH rats vs controls (p < 0.0001). In pre-stroke sICH, weekly 10a3-treatment did not predispose to infection and delayed sICH-onset vs controls (p < 0.0001). As potential sICH-therapeutic, we tested humanized anti-DEspR IgG4S228P-mAb, hu6g8. In vitro, hu6g8 reversed delayed-apoptosis in DEspR+ CD11b+ neutrophils. In vivo, hu6g8 increased median survival and reduced neurologic symptoms in male/female hsICH-rats vs controls (p < 0.0001). Altogether, preclinical efficacy of inhibition of DEspR+ CD11b+ neutrophils in acute sICH-without infection complications, supports the potential of anti-DEspR therapy in sICH. Data provide basis for clinical study of DEspR+ CD11b+ neutrophil-subset in sICH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L. M. Herrera
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | | | - Julius L. Decano
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Khristine Amber Pasion
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Glaiza L. A. Tan
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Ning Hua
- grid.239424.a0000 0001 2183 6745Department of Radiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Courtney E. Takahashi
- grid.239424.a0000 0001 2183 6745Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - David M. Greer
- grid.239424.a0000 0001 2183 6745Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Nelson Ruiz-Opazo
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA.
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Preclinical Research on Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Opening for Neurological Disorders: A Review. Neurol Int 2023; 15:285-300. [PMID: 36810473 PMCID: PMC9944161 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Several therapeutic agents for neurological disorders are usually not delivered to the brain owing to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a special structure present in the central nervous system (CNS). Focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with microbubbles can reversibly and temporarily open the BBB, enabling the application of various therapeutic agents in patients with neurological disorders. In the past 20 years, many preclinical studies on drug delivery through FUS-mediated BBB opening have been conducted, and the use of this method in clinical applications has recently gained popularity. As the clinical application of FUS-mediated BBB opening expands, it is crucial to understand the molecular and cellular effects of FUS-induced microenvironmental changes in the brain so that the efficacy of treatment can be ensured, and new treatment strategies established. This review describes the latest research trends in FUS-mediated BBB opening, including the biological effects and applications in representative neurological disorders, and suggests future directions.
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45
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Malong L, Napoli I, Casal G, White IJ, Stierli S, Vaughan A, Cattin AL, Burden JJ, Hng KI, Bossio A, Flanagan A, Zhao HT, Lloyd AC. Characterization of the structure and control of the blood-nerve barrier identifies avenues for therapeutic delivery. Dev Cell 2023; 58:174-191.e8. [PMID: 36706755 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The blood barriers of the nervous system protect neural environments but can hinder therapeutic accessibility. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is well characterized, consisting of endothelial cells with specialized tight junctions and low levels of transcytosis, properties conferred by contacting pericytes and astrocytes. In contrast, the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) of the peripheral nervous system is poorly defined. Here, we characterize the structure of the mammalian BNB, identify the processes that confer barrier function, and demonstrate how the barrier can be opened in response to injury. The homeostatic BNB is leakier than the BBB, which we show is due to higher levels of transcytosis. However, the barrier is reinforced by macrophages that specifically engulf leaked materials, identifying a role for resident macrophages as an important component of the BNB. Finally, we demonstrate the exploitation of these processes to effectively deliver RNA-targeting therapeutics to peripheral nerves, indicating new treatment approaches for nervous system pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Malong
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ilaria Napoli
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Giulia Casal
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ian J White
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Salome Stierli
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrew Vaughan
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anne-Laure Cattin
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jemima J Burden
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Keng I Hng
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alessandro Bossio
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Adrienne Flanagan
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Hien T Zhao
- IONIS, 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Alison C Lloyd
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Xie J, Cools L, Van Imschoot G, Van Wonterghem E, Pauwels MJ, Vlaeminck I, De Witte C, EL Andaloussi S, Wierda K, De Groef L, Haesebrouck F, Van Hoecke L, Vandenbroucke RE. Helicobacter pylori-derived outer membrane vesicles contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis via C3-C3aR signalling. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12306. [PMID: 36792546 PMCID: PMC9931688 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota represents a diverse and dynamic population of microorganisms that can influence the health of the host. Increasing evidence supports the role of the gut microbiota as a key player in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Unfortunately, the mechanisms behind the interplay between gut pathogens and AD are still elusive. It is known that bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) act as natural carriers of virulence factors that are central players in the pathogenesis of the bacteria. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common gastric pathogen and H. pylori infection has been associated with an increased risk to develop AD. Here, we are the first to shed light on the role of OMVs derived from H. pylori on the brain in healthy conditions and on disease pathology in the case of AD. Our results reveal that H. pylori OMVs can cross the biological barriers, eventually reaching the brain. Once in the brain, these OMVs are taken up by astrocytes, which induce activation of glial cells and neuronal dysfunction, ultimately leading to exacerbated amyloid-β pathology and cognitive decline. Mechanistically, we identified a critical role for the complement component 3 (C3)-C3a receptor (C3aR) signalling in mediating the interaction between astrocytes, microglia and neurons upon the presence of gut H. pylori OMVs. Taken together, our study reveals that H. pylori has a detrimental effect on brain functionality and accelerates AD development via OMVs and C3-C3aR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Xie
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Lien Cools
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Cellular Communication and Neurodegeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain InstituteKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Griet Van Imschoot
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Marie J. Pauwels
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Ine Vlaeminck
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease ResearchElectrophysiology Expertise UnitLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven ‐ Department of NeurosciencesLeuvenBelgium
| | - Chloë De Witte
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | | | - Keimpe Wierda
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease ResearchElectrophysiology Expertise UnitLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven ‐ Department of NeurosciencesLeuvenBelgium
| | - Lies De Groef
- Cellular Communication and Neurodegeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain InstituteKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
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Zhang Y, Ren Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Xu C, Peng Z, Jia Y, Qiao S, Zhang Z, Shi L. T-cell infiltration in the central nervous system and their association with brain calcification in Slc20a2-deficient mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1073723. [PMID: 36741925 PMCID: PMC9894888 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1073723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is a rare neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by bilateral symmetric intracranial calcification along the microvessels or inside neuronal cells in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellum. Slc20a2 homozygous (HO) knockout mice are the most commonly used model to simulate the brain calcification phenotype observed in human patients. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms related to brain calcification, particularly at the early stage much prior to the emergence of brain calcification, remain largely unknown. In this study, we quantified the central nervous system (CNS)-infiltrating T-cells of different age groups of Slc20a2-HO and matched wild type mice and found CD45+CD3+ T-cells to be significantly increased in the brain parenchyma, even in the pre-calcification stage of 1-month-old -HO mice. The accumulation of the CD3+ T-cells appeared to be associated with the severity of brain calcification. Further immunophenotyping revealed that the two main subtypes that had increased in the brain were CD3+ CD4- CD8- and CD3+ CD4+ T-cells. The expression of endothelial cell (EC) adhesion molecules increased, while that of tight and adherents junction proteins decreased, providing the molecular precondition for T-cell recruitment to ECs and paracellular migration into the brain. The fusion of lymphocytes and EC membranes and transcellular migration of CD3-related gold particles were captured, suggesting enhancement of transcytosis in the brain ECs. Exogenous fluorescent tracers and endogenous IgG and albumin leakage also revealed an impairment of transcellular pathway in the ECs. FTY720 significantly alleviated brain calcification, probably by reducing T-cell infiltration, modulating neuroinflammation and ossification process, and enhancing the autophagy and phagocytosis of CNS-resident immune cells. This study clearly demonstrated CNS-infiltrating T-cells to be associated with the progression of brain calcification. Impairment of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, which was closely related to T-cell invasion into the CNS, could be explained by the BBB alterations of an increase in the paracellular and transcellular pathways of brain ECs. FTY720 was found to be a potential drug to protect patients from PFBC-related lesions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yaqiong Ren
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yueni Zhang
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziyue Peng
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Jia
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shupei Qiao
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zitong Zhang
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Lei Shi,
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Potentially toxic elements in the brains of people with multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:655. [PMID: 36635465 PMCID: PMC9837144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements such as lead and aluminium have been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), since their neurotoxic mechanisms mimic many of the pathogenetic processes in MS. We therefore examined the distribution of several potentially toxic elements in the autopsied brains of people with and without MS, using two methods of elemental bio-imaging. Toxicants detected in the locus ceruleus were used as indicators of past exposures. Autometallography of paraffin sections from multiple brain regions of 21 MS patients and 109 controls detected inorganic mercury, silver, or bismuth in many locus ceruleus neurons of both groups, and in widespread blood vessels, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons of four MS patients and one control. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry imaging of pons paraffin sections from all MS patients and 12 controls showed that combinations of iron, silver, lead, aluminium, mercury, nickel, and bismuth were present more often in the locus ceruleus of MS patients and were located predominantly in white matter tracts. Based on these results, we propose that metal toxicants in locus ceruleus neurons weaken the blood-brain barrier, enabling multiple interacting toxicants to pass through blood vessels and enter astrocytes and oligodendroglia, leading to demyelination.
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Fan Y, Huang H, Shao J, Huang W. MicroRNA-mediated regulation of reactive astrocytes in central nervous system diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1061343. [PMID: 36710937 PMCID: PMC9877358 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1061343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes (AST) are abundant glial cells in the human brain, accounting for approximately 20-50% percent of mammalian central nervous system (CNS) cells. They display essential functions necessary to sustain the physiological processes of the CNS, including maintaining neuronal structure, forming the blood-brain barrier, coordinating neuronal metabolism, maintaining the extracellular environment, regulating cerebral blood flow, stabilizing intercellular communication, participating in neurotransmitter synthesis, and defending against oxidative stress et al. During the pathological development of brain tumors, stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), neurodegenerative diseases, and other neurological disorders, astrocytes undergo a series of highly heterogeneous changes, which are called reactive astrocytes, and mediate the corresponding pathophysiological process. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of reactive astrocytes and their therapeutic relevance remain unclear. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential for cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival, which play a crucial role in the pathophysiological development of CNS diseases. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs on reactive astrocytes in CNS diseases, which might provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of CNS diseases.
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50
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Gao L, Pan X, Zhang JH, Xia Y. Glial cells: an important switch for the vascular function of the central nervous system. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1166770. [PMID: 37206667 PMCID: PMC10188976 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1166770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we first describe the current understanding of glial-mediated vascular function affecting the role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. BBB, mainly composed of glial and endothelial cells (ECs), is the protective structure that orchestrates the transport of substances, including ions, molecules, and cells from brain vessels into or out of the CNS. Then, we display the multiple communication between glial and vascular function based on angiogenesis, vascular wrapping, and blood perfusion in the brain. Glial can support microvascular ECs to form a blood network connecting to neurons. Astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes are the common types of glial surrounding the brain vessel. Glial-vessel interaction is required for the permeability and integrity of BBB. Glial cells surrounding the cerebral blood vessels can transmit communication signals to ECs and regulate the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or Wnt-dependent endothelial angiogenesis mechanism. In addition, these glial cells monitor the blood flow in the brain via Ca2+/K+-dependent pathways. Finally, we provide a potential research direction for the glial-vessel axis in CNS disorders. Microglial activation can trigger astrocyte activation, which suggests that microglia-astrocyte interaction may play a key role in monitoring cerebral blood flow. Thus, microglia-astrocyte interaction can be the key point of follow-up studies focusing on the microglia-blood mechanism. More investigations focus on the mechanism of how oligodendrocyte progenitor cells communicate and interact with ECs. The direct role of oligodendrocytes in modulating vascular function needs to be explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou, China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Xuezhen Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - John H. Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- John H. Zhang,
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Xia,
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