1
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Leenders F, Koole L, Slaets H, Tiane A, Hove DVD, Vanmierlo T. Navigating oligodendrocyte precursor cell aging in brain health. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 220:111959. [PMID: 38950628 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) comprise 5-8 % of the adult glial cell population and stand out as the most proliferative cell type in the central nervous system (CNS). OPCs are responsible for generating oligodendrocytes (OLs), the myelinating cells of the CNS. However, OPC functions decline as we age, resulting in impaired differentiation and inadequate remyelination. This review explores the cellular and molecular changes associated with OPC aging, and their impact on OPC differentiation and functionality. Furthermore, it examines the impact of OPC aging within the context of multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease, both neurodegenerative conditions wherein aged OPCs exacerbate disease progression by impeding remyelination. Moreover, various pharmacological interventions targeting pathways related to senescence and differentiation are discussed as potential strategies to rejuvenate aged OPCs. Enhancing our understanding of OPC aging mechanisms holds promise for developing new therapies to improve remyelination and repair in age-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Leenders
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Division Translational Neuroscience, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lisa Koole
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Division Translational Neuroscience, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Helena Slaets
- University MS Centre (UMSC) Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium; Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Assia Tiane
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Division Translational Neuroscience, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; University MS Centre (UMSC) Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Daniel van den Hove
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Division Translational Neuroscience, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Division Translational Neuroscience, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; University MS Centre (UMSC) Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium.
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2
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Emery B, Wood TL. Regulators of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041358. [PMID: 38503504 PMCID: PMC11146316 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Myelination has evolved as a mechanism to ensure fast and efficient propagation of nerve impulses along axons. Within the central nervous system (CNS), myelination is carried out by highly specialized glial cells, oligodendrocytes. The formation of myelin is a prolonged aspect of CNS development that occurs well into adulthood in humans, continuing throughout life in response to injury or as a component of neuroplasticity. The timing of myelination is tightly tied to the generation of oligodendrocytes through the differentiation of their committed progenitors, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which reside throughout the developing and adult CNS. In this article, we summarize our current understanding of some of the signals and pathways that regulate the differentiation of OPCs, and thus the myelination of CNS axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Emery
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Teresa L Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
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3
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Stassart RM, Gomez-Sanchez JA, Lloyd AC. Schwann Cells as Orchestrators of Nerve Repair: Implications for Tissue Regeneration and Pathologies. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041363. [PMID: 38199866 PMCID: PMC11146315 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral nerves exist in a stable state in adulthood providing a rapid bidirectional signaling system to control tissue structure and function. However, following injury, peripheral nerves can regenerate much more effectively than those of the central nervous system (CNS). This multicellular process is coordinated by peripheral glia, in particular Schwann cells, which have multiple roles in stimulating and nurturing the regrowth of damaged axons back to their targets. Aside from the repair of damaged nerves themselves, nerve regenerative processes have been linked to the repair of other tissues and de novo innervation appears important in establishing an environment conducive for the development and spread of tumors. In contrast, defects in these processes are linked to neuropathies, aging, and pain. In this review, we focus on the role of peripheral glia, especially Schwann cells, in multiple aspects of nerve regeneration and discuss how these findings may be relevant for pathologies associated with these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Stassart
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute of Neuropathology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Jose A Gomez-Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante 03010, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias CSIC-UMH, Sant Joan de Alicante 03550, Spain
| | - Alison C Lloyd
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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4
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Qi YB, Xu Z, Shen S, Wang Z, Wang Z. MYRF: A unique transmembrane transcription factor- from proteolytic self-processing to its multifaceted roles in animal development. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300209. [PMID: 38488284 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The Myelin Regulator Factor (MYRF) is a master regulator governing myelin formation and maintenance in the central nervous system. The conservation of MYRF across metazoans and its broad tissue expression suggest it has functions extending beyond the well-established role in myelination. Loss of MYRF results in developmental lethality in both invertebrates and vertebrates, and MYRF haploinsufficiency in humans causes MYRF-related Cardiac Urogenital Syndrome, underscoring its importance in animal development; however, these mechanisms are largely unexplored. MYRF, an unconventional transcription factor, begins embedded in the membrane and undergoes intramolecular chaperone mediated trimerization, which triggers self-cleavage, allowing its N-terminal segment with an Ig-fold DNA-binding domain to enter the nucleus for transcriptional regulation. Recent research suggests developmental regulation of cleavage, yet the mechanisms remain enigmatic. While some parts of MYRF's structure have been elucidated, others remain obscure, leaving questions about how these motifs are linked to its intricate processing and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchuan B Qi
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqian Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhizhi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Bekku Y, Zotter B, You C, Piehler J, Leonard WJ, Salzer JL. Glia trigger endocytic clearance of axonal proteins to promote rodent myelination. Dev Cell 2024; 59:627-644.e10. [PMID: 38309265 PMCID: PMC11089820 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Axons undergo striking changes in their content and distribution of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and ion channels during myelination that underlies the switch from continuous to saltatory conduction. These changes include the removal of a large cohort of uniformly distributed CAMs that mediate initial axon-Schwann cell interactions and their replacement by a subset of CAMs that mediate domain-specific interactions of myelinated fibers. Here, using rodent models, we examine the mechanisms and significance of this removal of axonal CAMs. We show that Schwann cells just prior to myelination locally activate clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in axons, thereby driving clearance of a broad array of axonal CAMs. CAMs engineered to resist endocytosis are persistently expressed along the axon and delay both PNS and CNS myelination. Thus, glia non-autonomously activate CME in axons to downregulate axonal CAMs and presumptively axo-glial adhesion. This promotes the transition from ensheathment to myelination while simultaneously sculpting the formation of axonal domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Bekku
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Brendan Zotter
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Changjiang You
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James L Salzer
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Elbaz B, Darwish A, Vardy M, Isaac S, Tokars HM, Dzhashiashvili Y, Korshunov K, Prakriya M, Eden A, Popko B. The bone transcription factor Osterix controls extracellular matrix- and node of Ranvier-related gene expression in oligodendrocytes. Neuron 2024; 112:247-263.e6. [PMID: 37924811 PMCID: PMC10843489 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are the primary producers of many extracellular matrix (ECM)-related proteins found in the CNS. Therefore, oligodendrocytes play a critical role in the determination of brain stiffness, node of Ranvier formation, perinodal ECM deposition, and perineuronal net formation, all of which depend on the ECM. Nevertheless, the transcription factors that control ECM-related gene expression in oligodendrocytes remain unknown. Here, we found that the transcription factor Osterix (also known as Sp7) binds in proximity to genes important for CNS ECM and node of Ranvier formation and mediates their expression. Oligodendrocyte-specific ablation of Sp7 changes ECM composition and brain stiffness and results in aberrant node of Ranvier formation. Sp7 is known to control osteoblast maturation and bone formation. Our comparative analyses suggest that Sp7 plays a conserved biological role in oligodendrocytes and in bone-forming cells, where it mediates brain and bone tissue stiffness by controlling expression of ECM components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benayahu Elbaz
- Department of Neurology, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Alaa Darwish
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maia Vardy
- Department of Neurology, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sara Isaac
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haley Margaret Tokars
- Department of Neurology, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yulia Dzhashiashvili
- Department of Neurology, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kirill Korshunov
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amir Eden
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Brian Popko
- Department of Neurology, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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7
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Cescon M, Gambarotta G, Calabrò S, Cicconetti C, Anselmi F, Kankowski S, Lang L, Basic M, Bleich A, Bolsega S, Steglich M, Oliviero S, Raimondo S, Bizzotto D, Haastert-Talini K, Ronchi G. Gut microbiota depletion delays somatic peripheral nerve development and impairs neuromuscular junction maturation. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2363015. [PMID: 38845453 PMCID: PMC11164225 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2363015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is responsible for essential functions in human health. Several communication axes between gut microbiota and other organs via neural, endocrine, and immune pathways have been described, and perturbation of gut microbiota composition has been implicated in the onset and progression of an emerging number of diseases. Here, we analyzed peripheral nerves, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and skeletal muscles of neonatal and young adult mice with the following gut microbiota status: a) germ-free (GF), b) gnotobiotic, selectively colonized with 12 specific gut bacterial strains (Oligo-Mouse-Microbiota, OMM12), or c) natural complex gut microbiota (CGM). Stereological and morphometric analyses revealed that the absence of gut microbiota impairs the development of somatic median nerves, resulting in smaller diameter and hypermyelinated axons, as well as in smaller unmyelinated fibers. Accordingly, DRG and sciatic nerve transcriptomic analyses highlighted a panel of differentially expressed developmental and myelination genes. Interestingly, the type III isoform of Neuregulin1 (NRG1), known to be a neuronal signal essential for Schwann cell myelination, was overexpressed in young adult GF mice, with consequent overexpression of the transcription factor Early Growth Response 2 (Egr2), a fundamental gene expressed by Schwann cells at the onset of myelination. Finally, GF status resulted in histologically atrophic skeletal muscles, impaired formation of neuromuscular junctions, and deregulated expression of related genes. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time a gut microbiota regulatory impact on proper development of the somatic peripheral nervous system and its functional connection to skeletal muscles, thus suggesting the existence of a novel 'Gut Microbiota-Peripheral Nervous System-axis.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Cescon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences & Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Sonia Calabrò
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cicconetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Anselmi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Svenja Kankowski
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower-Saxony, Germany
| | - Luisa Lang
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower-Saxony, Germany
| | - Marijana Basic
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower-Saxony, Germany
| | - Andre Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower-Saxony, Germany
| | - Silvia Bolsega
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower-Saxony, Germany
| | - Matthias Steglich
- Research Core Unit Genomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower-Saxony, Germany
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences & Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Dario Bizzotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Kirsten Haastert-Talini
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower-Saxony, Germany
- Centre for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower-Saxony, Germany
| | - Giulia Ronchi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences & Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
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Kim KW, Ljunggren-Rose Å, Matta P, Toki S, Sriram S. Inhibition of SUMOylation promotes remyelination and reduces IL-17 mediated autoimmune inflammation: Novel approach toward treatment of inflammatory CNS demyelinating disease. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 384:578219. [PMID: 37813042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin like modifiers (SUMO) are reversible posttranslational modifiers of intracellular proteins. In the CNS, expression of myelin genes is regulated by state of SUMOylation of their respective transcription factors. In the immune system, deSUMOylation activates innate immune responses and promotes anti-viral immunity. However, the role played by SUMO in an adaptive immune response and in the development of T cell mediated autoimmune disease has not been previously described. TAK981 is a synthetic small molecule which by forming adducts with SUMO proteins prevents SUMOylation. We examined the expression of myelin genes and their transcription factors following culture with TAK981 in Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells (OPC). We found that myelin basic protein (MBP), a key myelin protein, is upregulated in OPC in the presence of TAK981. We also found increased expression of transcription factors Sox10 and Myrf, which engage in the expression of MBP. In the Cuprizone model of demyelination/remyelination, animals which were treated with TAK981 showed increased remyelination in areas of demyelination and an increase in the number of maturing oligodendrocytes compared to vehicle treated controls. In in vitro cultures of lymphocytes, TAK981 reduced the expression of TH17 in T cells in mice immunized with MOGp35-55. Following in vivo treatment with TAK981, there was a significant reduction in the clinical and pathological severity in mice immunized to develop experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE). The dual effects of deSUMOylation on remyelination and in regulating an autoimmune adaptive response offers a novel approach to the management of human inflammatory demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Woon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, United States of America
| | - Åsa Ljunggren-Rose
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, United States of America
| | - Pranathi Matta
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, United States of America
| | - Shinji Toki
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, United States of America
| | - Subramaniam Sriram
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, United States of America.
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Zou P, Wu C, Liu TCY, Duan R, Yang L. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in Alzheimer's disease: from physiology to pathology. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:52. [PMID: 37964328 PMCID: PMC10644503 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) play pivotal roles in myelin formation and phagocytosis, communicating with neighboring cells and contributing to the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, under the pathological circumstances of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the brain's microenvironment undergoes detrimental changes that significantly impact OPCs and their functions. Starting with OPC functions, we delve into the transformation of OPCs to myelin-producing oligodendrocytes, the intricate signaling interactions with other cells in the central nervous system (CNS), and the fascinating process of phagocytosis, which influences the function of OPCs and affects CNS homeostasis. Moreover, we discuss the essential role of OPCs in BBB formation and highlight the critical contribution of OPCs in forming CNS-protective barriers. In the context of AD, the deterioration of the local microenvironment in the brain is discussed, mainly focusing on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and the accumulation of toxic proteins. The detrimental changes disturb the delicate balance in the brain, impacting the regenerative capacity of OPCs and compromising myelin integrity. Under pathological conditions, OPCs experience significant alterations in migration and proliferation, leading to impaired differentiation and a reduced ability to produce mature oligodendrocytes. Moreover, myelin degeneration and formation become increasingly active in AD, contributing to progressive neurodegeneration. Finally, we summarize the current therapeutic approaches targeting OPCs in AD. Strategies to revitalize OPC senescence, modulate signaling pathways to enhance OPC differentiation, and explore other potential therapeutic avenues are promising in alleviating the impact of AD on OPCs and CNS function. In conclusion, this review highlights the indispensable role of OPCs in CNS function and their involvement in the pathogenesis of AD. The intricate interplay between OPCs and the AD brain microenvironment underscores the complexity of neurodegenerative diseases. Insights from studying OPCs under pathological conditions provide a foundation for innovative therapeutic strategies targeting OPCs and fostering neurodegeneration. Future research will advance our understanding and management of neurodegenerative diseases, ultimately offering hope for effective treatments and improved quality of life for those affected by AD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peibin Zou
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Luodan Yang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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10
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Muttathukunnel P, Wälti M, Aboouf MA, Köster-Hegmann C, Haenggi T, Gassmann M, Pannzanelli P, Fritschy JM, Schneider Gasser EM. Erythropoietin regulates developmental myelination in the brain stimulating postnatal oligodendrocyte maturation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19522. [PMID: 37945644 PMCID: PMC10636124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelination is a process tightly regulated by a variety of neurotrophic factors. Here, we show-by analyzing two transgenic mouse lines, one overexpressing EPO selectively in the brain Tg21(PDGFB-rhEPO) and another with targeted removal of EPO receptors (EPORs) from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC)s (Sox10-cre;EpoRfx/fx mice)-a key function for EPO in regulating developmental brain myelination. Overexpression of EPO resulted in faster postnatal brain growth and myelination, an increased number of myelinating oligodendrocytes, faster axonal myelin ensheathment, and improved motor coordination. Conversely, targeted ablation of EPORs from OPCs reduced the number of mature oligodendrocytes and impaired motor coordination during the second postnatal week. Furthermore, we found that EPORs are transiently expressed in the subventricular zone (SVZ) during the second postnatal week and EPO increases the postnatal expression of essential oligodendrocyte pro-differentiation and pro-maturation (Nkx6.2 and Myrf) transcripts, and the Nfatc2/calcineurin pathway. In contrast, ablation of EPORs from OPCs inactivated the Erk1/2 pathway and reduced the postnatal expression of the transcripts. Our results reveal developmental time windows in which EPO therapies could be highly effective for stimulating oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Muttathukunnel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Wälti
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mostafa A Aboouf
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Christina Köster-Hegmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tatjana Haenggi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Pannzanelli
- Rita Levi Montalcini Center for Brain Repair, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Jean-Marc Fritschy
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edith M Schneider Gasser
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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11
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Lan XY, Kalkowski L, Chu CY, Jablonska A, Li S, Kai M, Gao Y, Janowski M, Walczak P. Unlocking the potential of ultra-high dose fractionated radiation for effective treatment of glioblastoma. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3500563. [PMID: 37961626 PMCID: PMC10635404 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3500563/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Conventional radiation therapy for glioblastoma (GBM) has limited efficacy. Regenerative medicine brings hope for repairing damaged tissue, opening opportunities for elevating the maximum acceptable radiation dose. In this study, we explored the effect of ultra-high dose fractionated radiation on brain injury and tumor responses in immunocompetent mice. We also evaluated the role of the HIF-1α under radiation. Methods Naïve and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α)+/- heterozygous mice received a fractionated daily dose of 20 Gy for three or five consecutive days. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology were performed to assess brain injury post-radiation. The 2×105 human GBM1 luciferase-expressing cells were transplanted with tolerance induction protocol. Fractionated radiotherapy was performed during the exponential phase of tumor growth. BLI, MRI, and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to evaluate tumor growth dynamics and radiotherapy responses. Additionally, animal lifespan was recorded. Results Fractionated radiation of 5×20 Gy induced severe brain damage, starting 3 weeks after radiation. All animals from this group died within 12 weeks. In contrast, later onset and less severe brain injury were observed starting 12 weeks after radiation of 3×20 Gy. It resulted in complete GBM eradication and survival of all treated animals. Furthermore, HIF-1α+/- mice exhibited more obvious vascular damage 63 weeks after fractionated radiation of 3×20 Gy. Conclusion Ultra-high dose fractionated 3×20 Gy radiation can eradicate the GBM cells at the cost of only mild brain injury. The HIF-1α gene is a promising target for ameliorating vascular impairment post-radiation, encouraging the implementation of neurorestorative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yue Gao
- University of Maryland Baltimore
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12
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Ferrari Bardile C, Radulescu CI, Pouladi MA. Oligodendrocyte pathology in Huntington's disease: from mechanisms to therapeutics. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:802-816. [PMID: 37591764 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLGs), highly specialized glial cells that wrap axons with myelin sheaths, are critical for brain development and function. There is new recognition of the role of OLGs in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Huntington's disease (HD), a prototypic NDD caused by a polyglutamine tract expansion in huntingtin (HTT), which results in gain- and loss-of-function effects. Clinically, HD is characterized by a constellation of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric disturbances. White matter (WM) structures, representing myelin-rich regions of the brain, are profoundly affected in HD, and recent findings reveal oligodendroglia dysfunction as an early pathological event. Here, we focus on mechanisms that underlie oligodendroglial deficits and dysmyelination in the progression of the disease, highlighting the pathogenic contributions of mutant HTT (mHTT). We also discuss potential therapeutic implications involving these molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Ferrari Bardile
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Carola I Radulescu
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mahmoud A Pouladi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
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13
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Zhang Y, Shen Y, Zhao L, Zhao Q, Zhao L, Yi S. Transcription Factor BCL11A Regulates Schwann Cell Behavior During Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5352-5365. [PMID: 37316757 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nerve injury-induced Schwann cell dedifferentiation helps to construct a favorable microenvironment for axon growth. Transcription factors regulate cell reprogramming and thus may be critical for Schwann cell phenotype switch during peripheral nerve regeneration. Here, we show that transcription factor B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11A (BCL11A) is up-regulated in Schwann cells of injured peripheral nerves. Bcl11a silencing suppresses Schwann cell viability, decreases Schwann cell proliferation and migration rates, and impairs the debris clearance ability of Schwann cells. Reduced Bcl11a in injured peripheral nerves results in restricted axon elongation and myelin wrapping, leading to recovery failure. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that BCL11A may mediate Schwann cell activity through binding to the promoter of nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 2 (Nr2f2) and regulating Nr2f2 expression. Collectively, we conclude that BCL11A is essential for Schwann cell activation and peripheral nerve regeneration, providing a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinying Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Sheng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Mihailova V, Stoyanova II, Tonchev AB. Glial Populations in the Human Brain Following Ischemic Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2332. [PMID: 37760773 PMCID: PMC10525766 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in glial cells in the central nervous system due to their important role in maintaining brain homeostasis under physiological conditions and after injury. A significant amount of evidence has been accumulated regarding their capacity to exert either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects under different pathological conditions. In combination with their proliferative potential, they contribute not only to the limitation of brain damage and tissue remodeling but also to neuronal repair and synaptic recovery. Moreover, reactive glial cells can modulate the processes of neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, and migration of neurons in the existing neural circuits in the adult brain. By discovering precise signals within specific niches, the regulation of sequential processes in adult neurogenesis holds the potential to unlock strategies that can stimulate the generation of functional neurons, whether in response to injury or as a means of addressing degenerative neurological conditions. Cerebral ischemic stroke, a condition falling within the realm of acute vascular disorders affecting the circulation in the brain, stands as a prominent global cause of disability and mortality. Extensive investigations into glial plasticity and their intricate interactions with other cells in the central nervous system have predominantly relied on studies conducted on experimental animals, including rodents and primates. However, valuable insights have also been gleaned from in vivo studies involving poststroke patients, utilizing highly specialized imaging techniques. Following the attempts to map brain cells, the role of various transcription factors in modulating gene expression in response to cerebral ischemia is gaining increasing popularity. Although the results obtained thus far remain incomplete and occasionally ambiguous, they serve as a solid foundation for the development of strategies aimed at influencing the recovery process after ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Mihailova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (I.I.S.); (A.B.T.)
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15
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Huang H, Jing B, Zhu F, Jiang W, Tang P, Shi L, Chen H, Ren G, Xia S, Wang L, Cui Y, Yang Z, Platero AJ, Hutchins AP, Chen M, Worley PF, Xiao B. Disruption of neuronal RHEB signaling impairs oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination through mTORC1-DLK1 axis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112801. [PMID: 37463107 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
How neuronal signaling affects brain myelination remains poorly understood. We show dysregulated neuronal RHEB-mTORC1-DLK1 axis impairs brain myelination. Neuronal Rheb cKO impairs oligodendrocyte differentiation/myelination, with activated neuronal expression of the imprinted gene Dlk1. Neuronal Dlk1 cKO ameliorates myelination deficit in neuronal Rheb cKO mice, indicating that activated neuronal Dlk1 expression contributes to impaired myelination caused by Rheb cKO. The effect of Rheb cKO on Dlk1 expression is mediated by mTORC1; neuronal mTor cKO and Raptor cKO and pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 recapitulate elevated neuronal Dlk1 expression. We demonstrate that both a secreted form of DLK1 and a membrane-bound DLK1 inhibit the differentiation of cultured oligodendrocyte precursor cells into oligodendrocytes expressing myelin proteins. Finally, neuronal expression of Dlk1 in transgenic mice reduces the formation of mature oligodendrocytes and myelination. This study identifies Dlk1 as an inhibitor of oligodendrocyte myelination and a mechanism linking altered neuronal signaling with oligodendrocyte dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiao Huang
- Departments of Neuroscience and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Jing
- Departments of Neuroscience and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feiyan Zhu
- Departments of Neuroscience and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanxiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyang Shi
- Departments of Neuroscience and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiting Chen
- Departments of Neuroscience and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoru Ren
- Departments of Neuroscience and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyao Xia
- Departments of Neuroscience and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Luoling Wang
- Departments of Neuroscience and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Yang
- Departments of Neuroscience and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Alexander J Platero
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew P Hutchins
- Departments of Neuroscience and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Mina Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul F Worley
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Bo Xiao
- Departments of Neuroscience and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Xu J, Zhang B, Cai J, Peng Q, Hu J, Askar P, Shangguan J, Su W, Zhu C, Sun H, Zhou S, Chen G, Yang X, Gu Y. The transcription factor Stat-1 is essential for Schwann cell differentiation, myelination and myelin sheath regeneration. Mol Med 2023; 29:79. [PMID: 37365519 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00667-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelin sheath is a crucial accessory to the functional nerve-fiber unit, its disruption or loss can lead to axonal degeneration and subsequent neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Notwithstanding of substantial progress in possible molecular mechanisms underlying myelination, there is no therapeutics that prevent demyelination in NDs. Therefore, it is crucial to seek for potential intervention targets. Here, we focused on the transcriptional factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1), to explore its effects on myelination and its potential as a drug target. METHODS By analyzing the transcriptome data obtained from Schwann cells (SCs) at different stages of myelination, it was found that Stat1 might be involved in myelination. To test this, we used the following experiments: (1) In vivo, the effect of Stat1 on remyelination was observed in an in vivo myelination mode with Stat1 knockdown in sciatic nerves or specific knockdown in SCs. (2) In vitro, the RNA interference combined with cell proliferation assay, scratch assay, SC aggregate sphere migration assay, and a SC differentiation model, were used to assess the effects of Stat1 on SC proliferation, migration and differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq), RNA-Seq, ChIP-qPCR and luciferase activity reporter assay were performed to investigate the possible mechanisms of Stat1 regulating myelination. RESULTS Stat1 is important for myelination. Stat1 knockdown in nerve or in SCs reduces the axonal remyelination in the injured sciatic nerve of rats. Deletion of Stat1 in SCs blocks SC differentiation thereby inhibiting the myelination program. Stat1 interacts with the promoter of Rab11-family interacting protein 1 (Rab11fip1) to initiate SC differentiation. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that Stat1 regulates SC differentiation to control myelinogenic programs and repair, uncover a novel function of Stat1, providing a candidate molecule for clinical intervention in demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyi Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxia Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Parizat Askar
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghong Shangguan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Changlai Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Waldhauser V, Baroti T, Fröb F, Wegner M. PBAF Subunit Pbrm1 Selectively Influences the Transition from Progenitors to Pre-Myelinating Cells during Oligodendrocyte Development. Cells 2023; 12:1556. [PMID: 37371026 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte development is accompanied by defined changes in the state of chromatin that are brought about by chromatin remodeling complexes. Many such remodeling complexes exist, but only a few have been studied for their impact on oligodendrocytes as the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system. To define the role of the PBAF remodeling complex, we focused on Pbrm1 as an essential subunit of the PBAF complex and specifically deleted it in the oligodendrocyte lineage at different times of development in the mouse. Deletion in late oligodendrocyte progenitor cells did not lead to substantial changes in the ensuing differentiation and myelination processes. However, when Pbrm1 loss had already occurred in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells shortly after their specification, fewer cells entered the pre-myelinating state. The reduction in pre-myelinating cells later translated into a comparable reduction in myelinating oligodendrocytes. We conclude that Pbrm1 and, by inference, the activity of the PBAF complex is specifically required at the transition from oligodendrocyte progenitor to pre-myelinating oligodendrocyte and ensures the generation of normal numbers of myelinating oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Waldhauser
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tina Baroti
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Fröb
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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18
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Sun W, Xie G, Jiang X, Khaitovich P, Han D, Liu X. Epigenetic regulation of human-specific gene expression in the prefrontal cortex. BMC Biol 2023; 21:123. [PMID: 37226244 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in gene expression levels during brain development are thought to have played an important role in the evolution of human cognition. With the advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies, changes in brain developmental expression patterns, as well as human-specific brain gene expression, have been characterized. However, interpreting the origin of evolutionarily advanced cognition in human brains requires a deeper understanding of the regulation of gene expression, including the epigenomic context, along the primate genome. Here, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) to measure the genome-wide profiles of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac), both of which are associated with transcriptional activation in the prefrontal cortex of humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques. RESULTS We found a discrete functional association, in which H3K4me3HP gain was significantly associated with myelination assembly and signaling transmission, while H3K4me3HP loss played a vital role in synaptic activity. Moreover, H3K27acHP gain was enriched in interneuron and oligodendrocyte markers, and H3K27acHP loss was enriched in CA1 pyramidal neuron markers. Using strand-specific RNA sequencing (ssRNA-seq), we first demonstrated that approximately 7 and 2% of human-specific expressed genes were epigenetically marked by H3K4me3HP and H3K27acHP, respectively, providing robust support for causal involvement of histones in gene expression. We also revealed the co-activation role of epigenetic modification and transcription factors in human-specific transcriptome evolution. Mechanistically, histone-modifying enzymes at least partially contribute to an epigenetic disturbance among primates, especially for the H3K27ac epigenomic marker. In line with this, peaks enriched in the macaque lineage were found to be driven by upregulated acetyl enzymes. CONCLUSIONS Our results comprehensively elucidated a causal species-specific gene-histone-enzyme landscape in the prefrontal cortex and highlighted the regulatory interaction that drove transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifen Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, 200063, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Gangcai Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Philipp Khaitovich
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205, Russia.
| | - Dingding Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Xiling Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, 200063, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, CAS, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Hou J, Zhou Y, Cai Z, Terekhova M, Swain A, Andhey PS, Guimaraes RM, Ulezko Antonova A, Qiu T, Sviben S, Strout G, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Chen Y, Gilfillan S, Kim DH, Van Dyken SJ, Artyomov MN, Colonna M. Transcriptomic atlas and interaction networks of brain cells in mouse CNS demyelination and remyelination. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112293. [PMID: 36952346 PMCID: PMC10511667 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Demyelination is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis, leukoencephalopathies, cerebral vasculopathies, and several neurodegenerative diseases. The cuprizone mouse model is widely used to simulate demyelination and remyelination occurring in these diseases. Here, we present a high-resolution single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) analysis of gene expression changes across all brain cells in this model. We define demyelination-associated oligodendrocytes (DOLs) and remyelination-associated MAFBhi microglia, as well as astrocytes and vascular cells with signatures of altered metabolism, oxidative stress, and interferon response. Furthermore, snRNA-seq provides insights into how brain cell types connect and interact, defining complex circuitries that impact demyelination and remyelination. As an explicative example, perturbation of microglia caused by TREM2 deficiency indirectly impairs the induction of DOLs. Altogether, this study provides a rich resource for future studies investigating mechanisms underlying demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Hou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yingyue Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhangying Cai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marina Terekhova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amanda Swain
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Prabhakar S Andhey
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rafaela M Guimaraes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Alina Ulezko Antonova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tian Qiu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sanja Sviben
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gregory Strout
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James A J Fitzpatrick
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Do-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven J Van Dyken
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Mok KKS, Yeung SHS, Cheng GWY, Ma IWT, Lee RHS, Herrup K, Tse KH. Apolipoprotein E ε4 disrupts oligodendrocyte differentiation by interfering with astrocyte-derived lipid transport. J Neurochem 2023; 165:55-75. [PMID: 36549843 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carriers of the APOE4 (apolipoprotein E ε4) variant of the APOE gene are subject to several age-related health risks, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The deficient lipid and cholesterol transport capabilities of the APOE4 protein are one reason for the altered risk profile. In particular, APOE4 carriers are at elevated risk for sporadic AD. While deposits o misfolded proteins are present in the AD brain, white matter (WM) myelin is also disturbed. As myelin is a lipid- and cholesterol-rich structure, the connection to APOE makes considerable biological sense. To explore the APOE-WM connection, we have analyzed the impact of human APOE4 on oligodendrocytes (OLs) of the mouse both in vivo and in vitro. We find that APOE proteins is enriched in astrocytes but sparse in OL. In human APOE4 (hAPOE4) knock-in mice, myelin lipid content is increased but the density of major myelin proteins (MBP, MAG, and PLP) is largely unchanged. We also find an unexpected but significant reduction of cell density of the OL lineage (Olig2+ ) and an abnormal accumulation of OL precursors (Nkx 2.2+ ), suggesting a disruption of OL differentiation. Gene ontology analysis of an existing RNA-seq dataset confirms a robust transcriptional response to the altered chemistry of the hAPOE4 mouse brain. In culture, the uptake of astrocyte-derived APOE during Lovastatin-mediated depletion of cholesterol synthesis is sufficient to sustain OL differentiation. While endogenous hAPOE protein isoforms have no effects on OL development, exogenous hAPOE4 abolishes the ability of very low-density lipoprotein to restore myelination in Apoe-deficient, cholesterol-depleted OL. Our data suggest that APOE4 impairs myelination in the aging brain by interrupting the delivery of astrocyte-derived lipids to the oligodendrocytes. We propose that high myelin turnover and OL exhaustion found in APOE4 carriers is a likely explanation for the APOE-dependent myelin phenotypes of the AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingston King-Shi Mok
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sunny Hoi-Sang Yeung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gerald Wai-Yeung Cheng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Iris Wai-Ting Ma
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ralph Hon-Sun Lee
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl Herrup
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kai-Hei Tse
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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21
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Maitre M, Jeltsch-David H, Okechukwu NG, Klein C, Patte-Mensah C, Mensah-Nyagan AG. Myelin in Alzheimer's disease: culprit or bystander? Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:56. [PMID: 37004127 PMCID: PMC10067200 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with neuronal and synaptic losses due to the accumulation of toxic amyloid β (Αβ) peptide oligomers, plaques, and tangles containing tau (tubulin-associated unit) protein. While familial AD is caused by specific mutations, the sporadic disease is more common and appears to result from a complex chronic brain neuroinflammation with mitochondriopathies, inducing free radicals' accumulation. In aged brain, mutations in DNA and several unfolded proteins participate in a chronic amyloidosis response with a toxic effect on myelin sheath and axons, leading to cognitive deficits and dementia. Αβ peptides are the most frequent form of toxic amyloid oligomers. Accumulations of misfolded proteins during several years alters different metabolic mechanisms, induce chronic inflammatory and immune responses with toxic consequences on neuronal cells. Myelin composition and architecture may appear to be an early target for the toxic activity of Aβ peptides and others hydrophobic misfolded proteins. In this work, we describe the possible role of early myelin alterations in the genesis of neuronal alterations and the onset of symptomatology. We propose that some pathophysiological and clinical forms of the disease may arise from structural and metabolic disorders in the processes of myelination/demyelination of brain regions where the accumulation of non-functional toxic proteins is important. In these forms, the primacy of the deleterious role of amyloid peptides would be a matter of questioning and the initiating role of neuropathology would be primarily the fact of dysmyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Maitre
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), INSERM U1119, Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment CRBS de la Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France.
| | - Hélène Jeltsch-David
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), INSERM U1119, Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment CRBS de la Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
- Biotechnologie et signalisation cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant CS 10413, Illkirch cedex, 67412, France
| | - Nwife Getrude Okechukwu
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), INSERM U1119, Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment CRBS de la Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Christian Klein
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), INSERM U1119, Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment CRBS de la Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Christine Patte-Mensah
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), INSERM U1119, Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment CRBS de la Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Ayikoe-Guy Mensah-Nyagan
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), INSERM U1119, Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment CRBS de la Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
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22
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Early growth response 2 in the mPFC regulates mouse social and cooperative behaviors. Lab Anim (NY) 2023; 52:37-50. [PMID: 36646797 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-022-01090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent social neglect impairs social performance, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that isolation rearing of juvenile mice caused cooperation defects that were rescued by immediate social reintroduction. We also identified the transcription factor early growth response 2 (Egr2) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) as a major target of social isolation and resocialization. Isolation rearing increased corticosteroid production, which reduced the expression of Egr2 in the mPFC, including in oligodendrocytes. Overexpressing Egr2 ubiquitously in the mPFC, but not specifically in neurons nor in oligodendroglia, protected mice from the isolation rearing-induced cooperation defect. In addition to synapse integrity, Egr2 also regulated the development of oligodendroglia, specifically the transition from undifferentiated oligodendrocyte precursor cells to premyelinating oligodendrocytes. In conclusion, this study reveals the importance of mPFC Egr2 in the cooperative behavior that is modulated by social experience, and its unexpected role in oligodendrocyte development.
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23
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Wang JQ, Gao MY, Gao R, Zhao KH, Zhang Y, Li X. Oligodendrocyte lineage cells: Advances in development, disease, and heterogeneity. J Neurochem 2023; 164:468-480. [PMID: 36415921 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) originate in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the brain and spinal cord, and their primary function is to differentiate into oligodendrocytes (OLs). Studies have shown that OPCs and OLs are pathologically and physiologically heterogeneous. Previous transcriptome analyses used Bulk RNA-seq, which compares average gene expression in cells and does not allow for heterogeneity. In recent years, the development of single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-cell nuclear sequencing (snRNA-seq) has allowed us to study an individual cell. In this review, sc/snRNA-seq was used to study the different subpopulations of OL lineage cells, their developmental trajectories, and their applications in related diseases. These techniques can distinguish different subpopulations of cells, and identify differentially expressed genes in particular cell types under certain conditions, such as treatment or disease. It is of great significance to the study of the occurrence, prevention, and treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke-Han Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Wang Y, Yang X, Cao Y, Li X, Xu R, Yan J, Guo Z, Sun S, Sun X, Wu Y. Electroacupuncture promotes remyelination and alleviates cognitive deficit via promoting OPC differentiation in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:687-698. [PMID: 36383326 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating cerebral vascular disease which causes neurological deficits including long-term cognitive deficit. Demyelination of white matter is correlated with cognitive deficit in SAH. Electroacupuncture (EA) is a traditional Chinese medical treatment which protects against cognitive deficit in varies of neurological diseases. However, whether EA exerts protective effect on cognitive function in SAH has not been investigated. The underlying mechanism of remyelination regulated by EA remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of EA on cognitive deficit in a rat model of SAH. SAH was induced in SD rats (n = 72) by endovascular perforation. Rats in EA group received EA treatment (10 min per day) under isoflurane anesthesia after SAH. Rats in SAH and sham groups received the same isoflurane anesthesia with no treatment. The mortality rate, neurological score, cognitive function, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and remyelination in sham, SAH and EA groups were assessed at 21 d after SAH.EA treatment alleviated cognitive deficits and myelin injury of rats compared with that in SAH group. Moreover, EA treatment enhanced remyelination in white matter and promoted the differentiation of OPCs after SAH. EA treatment inhibited the expression of Id2 and promoted the expression of SOX10 in oligodendrocyte cells. Additionally, the cerebral blood flow (CBF) of rats was increased by EA compared with that in SAH group. EA treatment exerts protective effect against cognitive deficit in the late phase of SAH. The underlying mechanisms involve promoting oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation and remyelination in white matter via regulating the expression of Id2 and SOX10. The improvement of CBF may also account for the protective effect of EA on cognitive function. EA treatment is a potential therapy for the treatment of cognitive deficit after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwen Wang
- Departement of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 of Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- Departement of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 of Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunchuan Cao
- Departement of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 of Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoguo Li
- Departement of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 of Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Departement of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 of Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Departement of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 of Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongduo Guo
- Departement of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 of Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanquan Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Departement of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 of Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yue Wu
- Departement of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 of Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China.
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25
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Baldassarro VA, Cescatti M, Rocco ML, Aloe L, Lorenzini L, Giardino L, Calzà L. Nerve growth factor promotes differentiation and protects the oligodendrocyte precursor cells from in vitro hypoxia/ischemia. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1111170. [PMID: 36875668 PMCID: PMC9978228 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1111170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a pleiotropic molecule acting on different cell types in physiological and pathological conditions. However, the effect of NGF on the survival, differentiation and maturation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes (OLs), the cells responsible for myelin formation, turnover, and repair in the central nervous system (CNS), is still poorly understood and heavily debated. Methods Here we used mixed neural stem cell (NSC)-derived OPC/astrocyte cultures to clarify the role of NGF throughout the entire process of OL differentiation and investigate its putative role in OPC protection under pathological conditions. Results We first showed that the gene expression of all the neurotrophin receptors (TrkA, TrkB, TrkC, and p75NTR ) dynamically changes during the differentiation. However, only TrkA and p75NTR expression depends on T3-differentiation induction, as Ngf gene expression induction and protein secretion in the culture medium. Moreover, in the mixed culture, astrocytes are the main producer of NGF protein, and OPCs express both TrkA and p75NTR . NGF treatment increases the percentage of mature OLs, while NGF blocking by neutralizing antibody and TRKA antagonist impairs OPC differentiation. Moreover, both NGF exposure and astrocyte-conditioned medium protect OPCs exposed to oxygenglucose deprivation (OGD) from cell death and NGF induces an increase of AKT/pAKT levels in OPCs nuclei by TRKA activation. Discussion This study demonstrated that NGF is implicated in OPC differentiation, maturation, and protection in the presence of metabolic challenges, also suggesting implications for the treatment of demyelinating lesions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luca Lorenzini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRET Foundation, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Health Science and Technologies - Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Bologna, Italy
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26
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Schwann cell functions in peripheral nerve development and repair. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105952. [PMID: 36493976 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The glial cell of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the Schwann cell (SC), counts among the most multifaceted cells of the body. During development, SCs secure neuronal survival and participate in axonal path finding. Simultaneously, they orchestrate the architectural set up of the developing nerves, including the blood vessels and the endo-, peri- and epineurial layers. Perinatally, in rodents, SCs radially sort and subsequently myelinate individual axons larger than 1 μm in diameter, while small calibre axons become organised in non-myelinating Remak bundles. SCs have a vital role in maintaining axonal health throughout life and several specialized SC types perform essential functions at specific locations, such as terminal SC at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) or SC within cutaneous sensory end organs. In addition, neural crest derived satellite glia maintain a tight communication with the soma of sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic neurons and neural crest derivatives are furthermore an indispensable part of the enteric nervous system. The remarkable plasticity of SCs becomes evident in the context of a nerve injury, where SC transdifferentiate into intriguing repair cells, which orchestrate a regenerative response that promotes nerve repair. Indeed, the multiple adaptations of SCs are captivating, but remain often ill-resolved on the molecular level. Here, we summarize and discuss the knowns and unknowns of the vast array of functions that this single cell type can cover in peripheral nervous system development, maintenance, and repair.
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Bernhardt C, Sock E, Fröb F, Hillgärtner S, Nemer M, Wegner M. KLF9 and KLF13 transcription factors boost myelin gene expression in oligodendrocytes as partners of SOX10 and MYRF. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:11509-11528. [PMID: 36318265 PMCID: PMC9723594 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated oligodendrocytes produce myelin and thereby ensure rapid nerve impulse conduction and efficient information processing in the vertebrate central nervous system. The Krüppel-like transcription factor KLF9 enhances oligodendrocyte differentiation in culture, but appears dispensable in vivo. Its mode of action and role within the oligodendroglial gene regulatory network are unclear. Here we show that KLF9 shares its expression in differentiating oligodendrocytes with the closely related KLF13 protein. Both KLF9 and KLF13 bind to regulatory regions of genes that are important for oligodendrocyte differentiation and equally recognized by the central differentiation promoting transcription factors SOX10 and MYRF. KLF9 and KLF13 physically interact and synergistically activate oligodendrocyte-specific regulatory regions with SOX10 and MYRF. Similar to KLF9, KLF13 promotes differentiation and myelination in primary oligodendroglial cultures. Oligodendrocyte differentiation is also altered in KLF13-deficient mice as demonstrated by a transiently reduced myelin gene expression during the first postnatal week. Considering mouse phenotypes, the similarities in expression pattern and genomic binding and the behaviour in functional assays, KLF9 and KLF13 are important and largely redundant components of the gene regulatory network in charge of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Bernhardt
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Sock
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Fröb
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Hillgärtner
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mona Nemer
- Molecular Genetics and Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michael Wegner
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 9131 85 24620; Fax: +49 9131 85 22484;
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28
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Transcriptional Control of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 60:329-341. [PMID: 36261692 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors are master regulators of various cellular processes under diverse physiological and pathological conditions. Many transcription factors that are differentially expressed after injury to peripheral nerves play important roles in nerve regeneration. Considering that rapid and timely regrowth of injured axons is a prerequisite for successful target reinnervation, here, we compile transcription factors that mediates axon elongation, including axon growth suppressor Klf4 and axon growth promoters c-Myc, Sox11, STAT3, Atf3, c-Jun, Smad1, C/EBPδ, and p53. Besides neuronal changes, Schwann cell phenotype modulation is also critical for nerve regeneration. The activation of Schwann cells at early time points post injury provides a permissive microenvironment whereas the re-differentiation of Schwann cells at later time points supports myelin sheath formation. Hence, c-Jun and Sox2, two critical drivers for Schwann cell reprogramming, as well as Krox-20 and Sox10, two essential regulators of Schwann cell myelination, are reviewed. These transcription factors may serve as promising targets for promoting the functional recovery of injured peripheral nerves.
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29
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Ariza-Salamanca DF, Corrales-Hernández MG, Pachón-Londoño MJ, Hernández-Duarte I. Molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to catatonia: an integrative approach from clinical and preclinical evidence. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:993671. [PMID: 36245923 PMCID: PMC9558725 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.993671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to describe the clinical spectrum of catatonia, in order to carefully assess the involvement of astrocytes, neurons, oligodendrocytes, and microglia, and articulate the available preclinical and clinical evidence to achieve a translational understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind this disorder. Catatonia is highly common in psychiatric and acutely ill patients, with prevalence ranging from 7.6% to 38%. It is usually present in different psychiatric conditions such as mood and psychotic disorders; it is also a consequence of folate deficiency, autoimmunity, paraneoplastic disorders, and even autistic spectrum disorders. Few therapeutic options are available due to its complexity and poorly understood physiopathology. We briefly revisit the traditional treatments used in catatonia, such as antipsychotics, electroconvulsive therapy, and benzodiazepines, before assessing novel therapeutics which aim to modulate molecular pathways through different mechanisms, including NMDA antagonism and its allosteric modulation, and anti-inflammatory drugs to modulate microglia reaction and mitigate oxidative stress, such as lithium, vitamin B12, and NMDAr positive allosteric modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Felipe Ariza-Salamanca
- Medical and Health Sciences Education Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Daniel Felipe Ariza-Salamanca
| | - María Gabriela Corrales-Hernández
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María José Pachón-Londoño
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Isabella Hernández-Duarte
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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30
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Acheta J, Hong J, Jeanette H, Brar S, Yalamanchili A, Feltri ML, Manzini MC, Belin S, Poitelon Y. Cc2d1b Contributes to the Regulation of Developmental Myelination in the Central Nervous System. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:881571. [PMID: 35592111 PMCID: PMC9113218 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.881571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNumerous studies have indicated that myelination is the result of the interplay between extracellular signals and an intricate network of transcription factors. Yet, the identification and characterization of the full repertoire of transcription factors that modulate myelination are still incomplete. CC2D1B is a member of the Lgd/CC2D1 family of proteins highly expressed in myelinating cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems. In addition, the absence of CC2D1B limits myelin formation in vitro. Here we propose to delineate the function of CC2D1B in myelinating cells during developmental myelination in vivo in the central and peripheral nervous systems.MethodsWe used a Cc2d1b constitutive knockout mouse model and then performed morphological analyses on semithin sections of sciatic nerves and electron micrographs of optic nerves. We also performed immunohistological studies on coronal brain sections. All analyses were performed at 30 days of age.ResultsIn the peripheral nervous system, animals ablated for Cc2d1b did not show any myelin thickness difference compared to control animals. In the central nervous system, immunohistological studies did not show any difference in the number of oligodendrocytes or the level of myelin proteins in the cortex, corpus callosum, and striatum. However, optic nerves showed a hypomyelination (0.844 ± 0.022) compared to control animals (0.832 ± 0.016) of large diameter myelinated fibers.ConclusionsWe found that CC2D1B plays a role in developmental myelination in the central nervous system. These results suggest that CC2D1B could contribute to gene regulation during oligodendrocytes myelination in optic nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenica Acheta
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Jiayue Hong
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Haley Jeanette
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Simrandeep Brar
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Anish Yalamanchili
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - M. Laura Feltri
- Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - M. Chiara Manzini
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Sophie Belin
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Sophie Belin ; Yannick Poitelon
| | - Yannick Poitelon
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Sophie Belin ; Yannick Poitelon
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31
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Schneider J, Weigel J, Wittmann MT, Svehla P, Ehrt S, Zheng F, Elmzzahi T, Karpf J, Paniagua-Herranz L, Basak O, Ekici A, Reis A, Alzheimer C, Ortega de la O F, Liebscher S, Beckervordersandforth R. Astrogenesis in the murine dentate gyrus is a life-long and dynamic process. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110409. [PMID: 35451150 PMCID: PMC9156974 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are highly abundant in the mammalian brain, and their functions are of vital importance for all aspects of development, adaption, and aging of the central nervous system (CNS). Mounting evidence indicates the important contributions of astrocytes to a wide range of neuropathies. Still, our understanding of astrocyte development significantly lags behind that of other CNS cells. We here combine immunohistochemical approaches with genetic fate-mapping, behavioral paradigms, single-cell transcriptomics, and in vivo two-photon imaging, to comprehensively assess the generation and the proliferation of astrocytes in the dentate gyrus (DG) across the life span of a mouse. Astrogenesis in the DG is initiated by radial glia-like neural stem cells giving rise to locally dividing astrocytes that enlarge the astrocyte compartment in an outside-in-pattern. Also in the adult DG, the vast majority of astrogenesis is mediated through the proliferation of local astrocytes. Interestingly, locally dividing astrocytes were able to adapt their proliferation to environmental and behavioral stimuli revealing an unexpected plasticity. Our study establishes astrocytes as enduring plastic elements in DG circuits, implicating a vital contribution of astrocyte dynamics to hippocampal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schneider
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Weigel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Wittmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pavel Svehla
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Medical Faculty, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ehrt
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Medical Faculty, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fang Zheng
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tarek Elmzzahi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Molecular Immunology in Neurodegeneration, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian Karpf
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lucía Paniagua-Herranz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain
| | - Onur Basak
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Arif Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andre Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Alzheimer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felipe Ortega de la O
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain
| | - Sabine Liebscher
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Medical Faculty, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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32
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Transcriptome Analysis of Schwann Cells at Various Stages of Myelination Implicates Chromatin Regulator Sin3A in Control of Myelination Identity. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:720-740. [DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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33
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Endo T, Kadoya K, Suzuki T, Suzuki Y, Terkawi MA, Kawamura D, Iwasaki N. Mature but not developing Schwann cells promote axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:12. [PMID: 35091563 PMCID: PMC8799715 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since Schwann cells (SCs) support axonal growth at development as well as after peripheral nerve injury (PNI), developing SCs might be able to promote axon regeneration after PNI. The purpose of the current study was to elucidate the capability of developing SCs to induce axon regeneration after PNI. SC precursors (SCPs), immature SCs (ISCs), repair SCs (RSCs) from injured nerves, and non-RSCs from intact nerves were tested by grafting into acellular region of rat sciatic nerve with crush injury. Both of developing SCs completely failed to support axon regeneration, whereas both of mature SCs, especially RSCs, induced axon regeneration. Further, RSCs but not SCPs promoted neurite outgrowth of adult dorsal root ganglion neurons. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the gene expression profiles were distinctly different between RSCs and SCPs. These findings indicate that developing SCs are markedly different from mature SCs in terms of functional and molecular aspects and that RSC is a viable candidate for regenerative cell therapy for PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Endo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ken Kadoya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Mohamad Alaa Terkawi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
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34
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Chen JF, Wang F, Huang NX, Xiao L, Mei F. Oligodendrocytes and Myelin: Active players in Neurodegenerative brains? Dev Neurobiol 2022; 82:160-174. [PMID: 35081276 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are a major type of glial cells in the central nervous system that generate multiple myelin sheaths to wrap axons. Myelin ensures fast and efficient propagation of action potentials along axons and supports neurons with nourishment. The decay of OLs and myelin has been implicated in age-related neurodegenerative diseases and these changes are generally considered as an inevitable result of neuron loss and axon degeneration. Noticeably, OLs and myelin undergo dynamic changes in healthy adult brains, that is, newly formed OLs are continuously added throughout life from the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and the pre-existing myelin sheaths may undergo degeneration or remodeling. Increasing evidence has shown that changes in OLs and myelin are present in the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases, and even prior to significant neuronal loss and functional deficits. More importantly, oligodendroglia-specific manipulation, by either deletion of the disease gene or enhancement of myelin renewal, can alleviate functional impairments in neurodegenerative animal models. These findings underscore the possibility that OLs and myelin are not passively but actively involved in neurodegenerative diseases and may play an important role in modulating neuronal function and survival. In this review, we summarize recent work characterizing OL and myelin changes in both healthy and neurodegenerative brains and discuss the potential of targeting oligodendroglial cells in treating neurodegenerative diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Fei Chen
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Nan-Xing Huang
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Feng Mei
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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35
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Aberle T, Piefke S, Hillgärtner S, Tamm ER, Wegner M, Küspert M. OUP accepted manuscript. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:1951-1968. [PMID: 35137157 PMCID: PMC8887482 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In oligodendrocytes of the vertebrate central nervous system a complex network of transcriptional regulators is required to ensure correct and timely myelination of neuronal axons. Here we identify Zfp276, the only mammalian ZAD-domain containing zinc finger protein, as a transcriptional regulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation and central myelination downstream of Sox10. In the central nervous system, Zfp276 is exclusively expressed in mature oligodendrocytes. Oligodendroglial deletion of Zfp276 led to strongly reduced expression of myelin genes in the early postnatal mouse spinal cord. Retroviral overexpression of Zfp276 in cultured oligodendrocyte precursor cells induced precocious expression of maturation markers and myelin genes, further supporting its role in oligodendroglial differentiation. On the molecular level, Zfp276 directly binds to and represses Sox10-dependent gene regulatory regions of immaturity factors and functionally interacts with the transcriptional repressor Zeb2 to enable fast transition of oligodendrocytes to the myelinating stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Aberle
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandra Piefke
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Hillgärtner
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ernst R Tamm
- Institut für Humananatomie und Embryologie, Universität Regensburg, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melanie Küspert
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 9131 85 24638; Fax: +49 9131 85 22484;
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36
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Huang H, Wu H, He W, Zhou F, Yu X, Yi M, Du J, Xie B, Qiu M. Id2 and Id4 are not the major negative regulators of oligodendrocyte differentiation during early central nervous system development. Glia 2021; 70:590-601. [PMID: 34889481 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myelin sheathes ensure the rapid conduction of neural impulse and provide nutritional support for neurons. Myelin sheathes are formed by differentiated oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the central nervous system. During OL development, the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into mature OLs is controlled by both positive differentiation factors (drivers) and negative regulatory factors (brakes). Previous studies have suggested Id2 and Id4 as the key negative factors for OL differentiation. However, these conclusions were mainly based on in vitro studies and the reported OL phenotype in Id4 mutants appear to be mild. In this study, we systematically investigated the in vivo function of Id2 and Id4 genes in OL differentiation in their genetic mutants and in embryonic chicken spinal cord. Our results showed that disruption of Id4 has no effect on OL differentiation and maturation, whereas Id2 mutants and Id2/Id4 compound mutants display a mild and transient precocity of OL differentiation. In agreement with these loss-of-function studies, Id2, but not Id4, is weakly expressed in OPCs. Despite their minor roles in OL differentiation, forced expression of Id2 and Id4 in embryonic chicken spinal cords strongly inhibit the differentiation of OPCs. Taken together, our detailed functional and expressional studies strongly suggest that Id2 and Id4 are not the major in vivo repressors of OPC differentiation during animal development, shedding new light on the molecular regulation of early OL development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanjun He
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianxian Yu
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yi
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junqing Du
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binghua Xie
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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37
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Previtali SC. Peripheral Nerve Development and the Pathogenesis of Peripheral Neuropathy: the Sorting Point. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2156-2168. [PMID: 34244926 PMCID: PMC8804061 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve development requires a coordinated sequence of events and steps to be accomplished for the generation of functional peripheral nerves to convey sensory and motor signals. Any abnormality during development may result in pathological structure and function of the nerve, which evolves in peripheral neuropathy. In this review, we will briefly describe different steps of nerve development while we will mostly focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in radial sorting of axons, one of these nerve developmental steps. We will summarize current knowledge of molecular pathways so far reported in radial sorting and their possible interactions. Finally, we will describe how disruption of these pathways may result in human neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano C Previtali
- Neuromuscular Repair Unit, InSpe (Institute of Experimental Neurology) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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38
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Abstract
Myelin is a key evolutionary specialization and adaptation of vertebrates formed by the plasma membrane of glial cells, which insulate axons in the nervous system. Myelination not only allows rapid and efficient transmission of electric impulses in the axon by decreasing capacitance and increasing resistance but also influences axonal metabolism and the plasticity of neural circuits. In this review, we will focus on Schwann cells, the glial cells which form myelin in the peripheral nervous system. Here, we will describe the main extrinsic and intrinsic signals inducing Schwann cell differentiation and myelination and how myelin biogenesis is achieved. Finally, we will also discuss how the study of human disorders in which molecules and pathways relevant for myelination are altered has enormously contributed to the current knowledge on myelin biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bolino
- Human Inherited Neuropathies Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology INSPE, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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39
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Sock E, Wegner M. Using the lineage determinants Olig2 and Sox10 to explore transcriptional regulation of oligodendrocyte development. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:892-901. [PMID: 34480425 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factors Olig2 and Sox10 jointly define oligodendroglial identity. Because of their continuous presence during development and in the differentiated state they shape the oligodendroglial regulatory network at all times. In this review, we exploit their eminent role and omnipresence to elaborate the central principles that organize the gene regulatory network in oligodendrocytes in such a way that it preserves its identity, but at the same time allows defined and stimulus-dependent changes that result in an ordered lineage progression, differentiation, and myelination. For this purpose, we outline the multiple functional and physical interactions and intricate cross-regulatory relationships with other transcription factors, such as Hes5, Id, and SoxD proteins, in oligodendrocyte precursors and Tcf7l2, Sip1, Nkx2.2, Zfp24, and Myrf during differentiation and myelination, and interpret them in the context of the regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Sock
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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40
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Abbas E, Hassan MA, Sokpor G, Kiszka K, Pham L, Kerimoglu C, Fischer A, Nguyen HP, Staiger JF, Tuoc T. Conditional Loss of BAF (mSWI/SNF) Scaffolding Subunits Affects Specification and Proliferation of Oligodendrocyte Precursors in Developing Mouse Forebrain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:619538. [PMID: 34336815 PMCID: PMC8320002 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.619538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are responsible for axon myelination in the brain and spinal cord. Generation of oligodendrocytes entails highly regulated multistage neurodevelopmental events, including proliferation, differentiation and maturation. The chromatin remodeling BAF (mSWI/SNF) complex is a notable regulator of neural development. In our previous studies, we determined the indispensability of the BAF complex scaffolding subunits BAF155 and BAF170 for neurogenesis, whereas their role in gliogenesis is unknown. Here, we show that the expression of BAF155 and BAF170 is essential for the genesis of oligodendrocytes during brain development. We report that the ablation of BAF155 and BAF170 in the dorsal telencephalic (dTel) neural progenitors or in oligodendrocyte-producing progenitors in the ventral telencephalon (vTel) in double-conditional knockout (dcKO) mouse mutants, perturbed the process of oligodendrogenesis. Molecular marker and cell cycle analyses revealed impairment of oligodendrocyte precursor specification and proliferation, as well as overt depletion of oligodendrocytes pool in dcKO mutants. Our findings unveil a central role of BAF155 and BAF170 in oligodendrogenesis, and thus substantiate the involvement of the BAF complex in the production of oligodendrocytes in the forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abbas
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mohamed A Hassan
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Egypt
| | - Godwin Sokpor
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kamila Kiszka
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Linh Pham
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Cemil Kerimoglu
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andre Fischer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Egypt
| | - Jochen F Staiger
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tran Tuoc
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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41
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Kohnke S, Buller S, Nuzzaci D, Ridley K, Lam B, Pivonkova H, Bentsen MA, Alonge KM, Zhao C, Tadross J, Holmqvist S, Shimizu T, Hathaway H, Li H, Macklin W, Schwartz MW, Richardson WD, Yeo GSH, Franklin RJM, Karadottir RT, Rowitch DH, Blouet C. Nutritional regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation regulates perineuronal net remodeling in the median eminence. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109362. [PMID: 34260928 PMCID: PMC8293628 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH; arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus [ARH] and median eminence [ME]) is a key nutrient sensing site for the production of the complex homeostatic feedback responses required for the maintenance of energy balance. Here, we show that refeeding after an overnight fast rapidly triggers proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors, leading to the production of new oligodendrocytes in the ME specifically. During this nutritional paradigm, ME perineuronal nets (PNNs), emerging regulators of ARH metabolic functions, are rapidly remodeled, and this process requires myelin regulatory factor (Myrf) in oligodendrocyte progenitors. In genetically obese ob/ob mice, nutritional regulations of ME oligodendrocyte differentiation and PNN remodeling are blunted, and enzymatic digestion of local PNN increases food intake and weight gain. We conclude that MBH PNNs are required for the maintenance of energy balance in lean mice and are remodeled in the adult ME by the nutritional control of oligodendrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kohnke
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sophie Buller
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Danae Nuzzaci
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Katherine Ridley
- Department of Paediatrics and Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brian Lam
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Helena Pivonkova
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marie A Bentsen
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kimberly M Alonge
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chao Zhao
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Tadross
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Staffan Holmqvist
- Department of Paediatrics and Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hannah Hathaway
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Huiliang Li
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wendy Macklin
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael W Schwartz
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William D Richardson
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Robin J M Franklin
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ragnhildur T Karadottir
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David H Rowitch
- Department of Paediatrics and Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Clemence Blouet
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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42
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Ittner E, Hartwig AC, Elsesser O, Wüst HM, Fröb F, Wedel M, Schimmel M, Tamm ER, Wegner M, Sock E. SoxD transcription factor deficiency in Schwann cells delays myelination in the developing peripheral nervous system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14044. [PMID: 34234180 PMCID: PMC8263579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The three SoxD proteins, Sox5, Sox6 and Sox13, represent closely related transcription factors with important roles during development. In the developing nervous system, SoxD proteins have so far been primarily studied in oligodendroglial cells and in interneurons of brain and spinal cord. In oligodendroglial cells, Sox5 and Sox6 jointly maintain the precursor state, interfere with terminal differentiation, and thereby ensure the proper timing of myelination in the central nervous system. Here we studied the role of SoxD proteins in Schwann cells, the functional counterpart of oligodendrocytes in the peripheral nervous system. We show that Schwann cells express Sox5 and Sox13 but not Sox6. Expression was transient and ceased with the onset of terminal differentiation. In mice with early Schwann cell-specific deletion of both Sox5 and Sox13, embryonic Schwann cell development was not substantially affected and progressed normally into the promyelinating stage. However, there was a mild and transient delay in the myelination of the peripheral nervous system of these mice. We therefore conclude that SoxD proteins—in stark contrast to their action in oligodendrocytes—promote differentiation and myelination in Schwann cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Ittner
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna C Hartwig
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olga Elsesser
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hannah M Wüst
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Fröb
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miriam Wedel
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Margit Schimmel
- Institut für Humananatomie und Embryologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ernst R Tamm
- Institut für Humananatomie und Embryologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Sock
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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43
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Velasco B, Mohamed E, Sato-Bigbee C. Endogenous and exogenous opioid effects on oligodendrocyte biology and developmental brain myelination. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 86:107002. [PMID: 34126203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The elevated presence of opioid receptors and their ligands throughout the developing brain points to the existence of maturational functions of the endogenous opioid system that still remain poorly understood. The alarmingly increasing rates of opioid use and abuse underscore the urgent need for clear identification of those functions and the cellular bases and molecular mechanisms underlying their physiological roles under normal and pathological conditions. This review is focused on current knowledge on the direct and indirect regulatory roles that opioids may have on oligodendrocyte development and their generation of myelin, a complex insulating membrane that not only facilitates rapid impulse conduction but also participates in mechanisms of brain plasticity and adaptation. Information is examined in relation to the importance of endogenous opioid function, as well as direct and indirect effects of opioid analogues, which like methadone and buprenorphine are used in medication-assisted therapies for opioid addiction during pregnancy and pharmacotherapy in neonatal abstinence syndrome. Potential opioid effects are also discussed regarding late myelination of the brain prefrontal cortex in adolescents and young adults. Such knowledge is fundamental for the design of safer pharmacological interventions for opioid abuse, minimizing deleterious effects in the developing nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Velasco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Esraa Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Carmen Sato-Bigbee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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44
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Bargagna‐Mohan P, Schultz G, Rheaume B, Trakhtenberg EF, Robson P, Pal‐Ghosh S, Stepp MA, Given KS, Macklin WB, Mohan R. Corneal nonmyelinating Schwann cells illuminated by single-cell transcriptomics and visualized by protein biomarkers. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:731-749. [PMID: 33197966 PMCID: PMC7894186 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The cornea is the most innervated tissue in the human body. Myelinated axons upon inserting into the peripheral corneal stroma lose their myelin sheaths and continue into the central cornea wrapped by only nonmyelinating corneal Schwann cells (nm-cSCs). This anatomical organization is believed to be important for central vision. Here we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), microscopy, and transgenics to characterize these nm-cSCs of the central cornea. Using principal component analysis, uniform manifold approximation and projection, and unsupervised hierarchal cell clustering of scRNA-seq data derived from central corneal cells of male rabbits, we successfully identified several clusters representing different corneal cell types, including a unique cell cluster representing nm-cSCs. To confirm protein expression of cSC genes, we performed cross-species validation, employing corneal whole-mount immunostaining with confocal microscopy in mouse corneas. The expression of several representative proteins of nm-cSCs were validated. As the proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) gene was also expressed in nm-cSCs, we explored the Plp1-eGFP transgenic reporter mouse line to visualize cSCs. Specific and efficient eGFP expression was observed in cSCs in adult mice of different ages. Of several putative cornea-specific SC genes identified, Dickkopf-related protein 1 was shown to be present in nm-cSCs. Taken together, our findings, for the first time, identify important insights and tools toward the study nm-cSCs in isolated tissue and adult animals. We expect that our results will advance the future study of nm-cSCs in applications of nerve repair, and provide a resource for the study of corneal sensory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bargagna‐Mohan
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA
| | - Gwendolyn Schultz
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA
| | - Bruce Rheaume
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA
| | | | - Paul Robson
- Department of Genetics & Genome SciencesUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic MedicineFarmingtonCTUSA
| | - Sonali Pal‐Ghosh
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative BiologyGeorge Washington University Medical SchoolWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Mary Ann Stepp
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative BiologyGeorge Washington University Medical SchoolWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Katherine S. Given
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA
| | - Wendy B. Macklin
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA
| | - Royce Mohan
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA
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45
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Saur AL, Fröb F, Weider M, Wegner M. Formation of the node of Ranvier by Schwann cells is under control of transcription factor Sox10. Glia 2021; 69:1464-1477. [PMID: 33566433 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Sox10 is an essential regulator of genes that code for structural components of the myelin sheath and for lipid metabolic enzymes in both types of myelinating glia in the central and peripheral nervous systems. In an attempt to characterize additional Sox10 target genes in Schwann cells, we identified in this study a strong influence of Sox10 on the expression of genes associated with adhesion in the MSC80 Schwann cell line. These included the genes for Gliomedin, Neuronal cell adhesion molecule and Neurofascin that together constitute essential Schwann cell contributions to paranode and node of Ranvier. Using bioinformatics and molecular biology techniques we provide evidence that Sox10 directly activates these genes by binding to conserved regulatory regions. For activation, Sox10 cooperates with Krox20, a transcription factor previously identified as the central regulator of Schwann cell myelination. Both the activating function of Sox10 as well as its cooperation with Krox20 were confirmed in vivo. We conclude that the employment of Sox10 and Krox20 as regulators of structural myelin sheath components and genes associated with the node of Ranvier is one way of ensuring a biologically meaningful coordinated formation of both structures during peripheral myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Saur
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Fröb
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Weider
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Zahnklinik 3 - Kieferorthopädie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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46
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Mei R, Fu J, Jiang C, Yang J, Zheng K, Yang A, Qiu M, Zhao X. TAPP1 Represses the Differentiation of Oligodendrocyte and its Deficiency Accelerates Myelin Regeneration after Demyelinating Injuries. Neurosci Bull 2020; 37:385-388. [PMID: 33190191 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Mei
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.,The College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiaying Fu
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Chunxia Jiang
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.,The College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Junlin Yang
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Aifen Yang
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
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47
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Alcover-Sanchez B, Garcia-Martin G, Escudero-Ramirez J, Gonzalez-Riano C, Lorenzo P, Gimenez-Cassina A, Formentini L, de la Villa-Polo P, Pereira MP, Wandosell F, Cubelos B. Absence of R-Ras1 and R-Ras2 causes mitochondrial alterations that trigger axonal degeneration in a hypomyelinating disease model. Glia 2020; 69:619-637. [PMID: 33010069 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fast synaptic transmission in vertebrates is critically dependent on myelin for insulation and metabolic support. Myelin is produced by oligodendrocytes (OLs) that maintain multilayered membrane compartments that wrap around axonal fibers. Alterations in myelination can therefore lead to severe pathologies such as multiple sclerosis. Given that hypomyelination disorders have complex etiologies, reproducing clinical symptoms of myelin diseases from a neurological perspective in animal models has been difficult. We recently reported that R-Ras1-/- and/or R-Ras2-/- mice, which lack GTPases essential for OL survival and differentiation processes, present different degrees of hypomyelination in the central nervous system with a compounded hypomyelination in double knockout (DKO) mice. Here, we discovered that the loss of R-Ras1 and/or R-Ras2 function is associated with aberrant myelinated axons with increased numbers of mitochondria, and a disrupted mitochondrial respiration that leads to increased reactive oxygen species levels. Consequently, aberrant myelinated axons are thinner with cytoskeletal phosphorylation patterns typical of axonal degeneration processes, characteristic of myelin diseases. Although we observed different levels of hypomyelination in a single mutant mouse, the combined loss of function in DKO mice lead to a compromised axonal integrity, triggering the loss of visual function. Our findings demonstrate that the loss of R-Ras function reproduces several characteristics of hypomyelinating diseases, and we therefore propose that R-Ras1-/- and R-Ras2-/- neurological models are valuable approaches for the study of these myelin pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Alcover-Sanchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Garcia-Martin
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Escudero-Ramirez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Gonzalez-Riano
- CEMBIO (Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paz Lorenzo
- CEMBIO (Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Gimenez-Cassina
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Formentini
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa-Polo
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Neurofisiología Visual, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta P Pereira
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cubelos
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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48
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Wedel M, Fröb F, Elsesser O, Wittmann MT, Lie DC, Reis A, Wegner M. Transcription factor Tcf4 is the preferred heterodimerization partner for Olig2 in oligodendrocytes and required for differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:4839-4857. [PMID: 32266943 PMCID: PMC7229849 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of oligodendrocytes and myelin formation in the vertebrate central nervous system is under control of several basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors such as Olig2, Ascl1, Hes5 and the Id proteins. The class I basic helix-loop-helix proteins Tcf3, Tcf4 and Tcf12 represent potential heterodimerization partners and functional modulators for all, but have not been investigated in oligodendrocytes so far. Using mouse mutants, organotypic slice and primary cell cultures we here show that Tcf4 is required in a cell-autonomous manner for proper terminal differentiation and myelination in vivo and ex vivo. Partial compensation is provided by the paralogous Tcf3, but not Tcf12. On the mechanistic level Tcf4 was identified as the preferred heterodimerization partner of the central regulator of oligodendrocyte development Olig2. Both genetic studies in the mouse as well as functional studies on enhancer regions of myelin genes confirmed the relevance of this physical interaction for oligodendrocyte differentiation. Considering that alterations in TCF4 are associated with syndromic and non-syndromic forms of intellectual disability, schizophrenia and autism in humans, our findings point to the possibility of an oligodendroglial contribution to these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Wedel
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Fröb
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olga Elsesser
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Wittmann
- Humangenetisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Chichung Lie
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Humangenetisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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49
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Perera SN, Williams RM, Lyne R, Stubbs O, Buehler DP, Sauka-Spengler T, Noda M, Micklem G, Southard-Smith EM, Baker CVH. Insights into olfactory ensheathing cell development from a laser-microdissection and transcriptome-profiling approach. Glia 2020; 68:2550-2584. [PMID: 32857879 PMCID: PMC7116175 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are neural crest-derived glia that ensheath bundles of olfactory axons from their peripheral origins in the olfactory epithelium to their central targets in the olfactory bulb. We took an unbiased laser microdissection and differential RNA-seq approach, validated by in situ hybridization, to identify candidate molecular mechanisms underlying mouse OEC development and differences with the neural crest-derived Schwann cells developing on other peripheral nerves. We identified 25 novel markers for developing OECs in the olfactory mucosa and/or the olfactory nerve layer surrounding the olfactory bulb, of which 15 were OEC-specific (that is, not expressed by Schwann cells). One pan-OEC-specific gene, Ptprz1, encodes a receptor-like tyrosine phosphatase that blocks oligodendrocyte differentiation. Mutant analysis suggests Ptprz1 may also act as a brake on OEC differentiation, and that its loss disrupts olfactory axon targeting. Overall, our results provide new insights into OEC development and the diversification of neural crest-derived glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surangi N Perera
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruth M Williams
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel Lyne
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oliver Stubbs
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dennis P Buehler
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tatjana Sauka-Spengler
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Masaharu Noda
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Gos Micklem
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Michelle Southard-Smith
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Clare V H Baker
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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50
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Scott K, O'Rourke R, Gillen A, Appel B. Prdm8 regulates pMN progenitor specification for motor neuron and oligodendrocyte fates by modulating the Shh signaling response. Development 2020; 147:dev191023. [PMID: 32680935 PMCID: PMC7473643 DOI: 10.1242/dev.191023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord pMN progenitors sequentially produce motor neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Some OPCs differentiate rapidly as myelinating oligodendrocytes, whereas others remain into adulthood. How pMN progenitors switch from producing motor neurons to OPCs with distinct fates is poorly understood. pMN progenitors express prdm8, which encodes a transcriptional repressor, during motor neuron and OPC formation. To determine whether prdm8 controls pMN cell fate specification, we used zebrafish as a model system to investigate prdm8 function. Our analysis revealed that prdm8 mutant embryos have fewer motor neurons resulting from a premature switch from motor neuron to OPC production. Additionally, prdm8 mutant larvae have excess oligodendrocytes and a concomitant deficit of OPCs. Notably, pMN cells of mutant embryos have elevated Shh signaling, coincident with the motor neuron to OPC switch. Inhibition of Shh signaling restored the number of motor neurons to normal but did not rescue the proportion of oligodendrocytes. These data suggest that Prdm8 regulates the motor neuron-OPC switch by controlling the level of Shh activity in pMN progenitors, and also regulates the allocation of oligodendrocyte lineage cell fates.This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayt Scott
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 40045, USA
| | - Rebecca O'Rourke
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 40045, USA
| | - Austin Gillen
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 40045, USA
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 40045, USA
| | - Bruce Appel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 40045, USA
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