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Hinojosa CA, George GC, Ben-Zion Z. Neuroimaging of posttraumatic stress disorder in adults and youth: progress over the last decade on three leading questions of the field. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02558-w. [PMID: 38632413 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02558-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Almost three decades have passed since the first posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) neuroimaging study was published. Since then, the field of clinical neuroscience has made advancements in understanding the neural correlates of PTSD to create more efficacious treatment strategies. While gold-standard psychotherapy options are available, many patients do not respond to them, prematurely drop out, or never initiate treatment. Therefore, elucidating the neurobiological mechanisms that define the disorder can help guide clinician decision-making and develop individualized mechanisms-based treatment options. To this end, this narrative review highlights progress made in the last decade in adult and youth samples on three outstanding questions in PTSD research: (1) Which neural alterations serve as predisposing (pre-exposure) risk factors for PTSD development, and which are acquired (post-exposure) alterations? (2) Which neural alterations can predict treatment outcomes and define clinical improvement? and (3) Can neuroimaging measures be used to define brain-based biotypes of PTSD? While the studies highlighted in this review have made progress in answering the three questions, the field still has much to do before implementing these findings into clinical practice. Overall, to better answer these questions, we suggest that future neuroimaging studies of PTSD should (A) utilize prospective longitudinal designs, collecting brain measures before experiencing trauma and at multiple follow-up time points post-trauma, taking advantage of multi-site collaborations/consortiums; (B) collect two scans to explore changes in brain alterations from pre-to-post treatment and compare changes in neural activation between treatment groups, including longitudinal follow up assessments; and (C) replicate brain-based biotypes of PTSD. By synthesizing recent findings, this narrative review will pave the way for personalized treatment approaches grounded in neurobiological evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A Hinojosa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Grace C George
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Ziv Ben-Zion
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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Lim L, Talozzi L, Howells H. Atypical brain structural connectivity and social cognition in childhood maltreatment and peer victimisation. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:287. [PMID: 38627646 PMCID: PMC11022413 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05759-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with neurobiological aberrations and atypical social cognition. Few studies have examined the neural effects of another common early-life interpersonal stressor, namely peer victimisation (PV). This study examines the associations between tract aberrations and childhood interpersonal stress from caregivers (CM) and peers (PV), and explores how the observed tract alterations are in turn related to affective theory of mind (ToM). METHODS Data from 107 age-and gender-matched youths (34 CM [age = 19.9 ± 1.68; 36%male], 35 PV [age = 19.9 ± 1.65; 43%male], 38 comparison subjects [age = 20.0 ± 1.66; 42%male] were analysed using tractography and whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). RESULTS At the whole-brain level using TBSS, the CM group had higher fractional anisotropy (FA) than the PV and comparison groups in a cluster of predominantly limbic and corpus callosal pathways. Segmented tractography indicated the CM group had higher FA in right uncinate fasciculus compared to both groups. They also had smaller right anterior thalamic radiation (ATR) tract volume than the comparison group and higher left ATR FA than the PV group, with these metrics associated with higher emotional abuse and enhanced affective ToM within the CM group, respectively. The PV group had lower inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus FA than the other two groups, which was related to lower affective ToM within the PV group. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that exposure to early-life stress from caregivers and peers are differentially associated with alterations of neural pathways connecting the frontal, temporal and occipital cortices involved in cognitive and affective control, with possible links to their atypical social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Lim
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Lia Talozzi
- Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Henrietta Howells
- Laboratory of Motor Control, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan and Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Bremner JD, Ortego RA, Campanella C, Nye JA, Davis LL, Fani N, Vaccarino V. Neural correlates of PTSD in women with childhood sexual abuse with and without PTSD and response to paroxetine treatment: A placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2023; 14:100615. [PMID: 38088987 PMCID: PMC10715797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Childhood sexual abuse is the leading cause of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women, and is a prominent cause of morbidity and loss of function for which limited treatments are available. Understanding the neurobiology of treatment response is important for developing new treatments. The purpose of this study was to assess neural correlates of personalized traumatic memories in women with childhood sexual abuse with and without PTSD, and to assess response to treatment. Methods Women with childhood sexual abuse with (N = 28) and without (N = 17) PTSD underwent brain imaging with High-Resolution Positron Emission Tomography scanning with radiolabeled water for brain blood flow measurements during exposure to personalized traumatic scripts and memory encoding tasks. Women with PTSD were randomized to paroxetine or placebo followed by three months of double-blind treatment and repeat imaging with the same protocol. Results Women with PTSD showed decreases in areas involved in the Default Mode Network (DMN), a network of brain areas usually active when the brain is at rest, hippocampus and visual processing areas with exposure to traumatic scripts at baseline while women without PTSD showed increased activation in superior frontal gyrus and other areas (p < 0.005). Treatment of women with PTSD with paroxetine resulted in increased anterior cingulate activation and brain areas involved in the DMN and visual processing with scripts compared to placebo (p < 0.005). Conclusion PTSD related to childhood sexual abuse in women is associated with alterations in brain areas involved in memory and the stress response and treatment with paroxetine results in modulation of these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Douglas Bremner
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA
| | - Rebeca Alvarado Ortego
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Carolina Campanella
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jonathon A. Nye
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lori L. Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
- Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center, Tuscaloosa AL
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta GA
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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Traina G, Tuszynski JA. The Neurotransmission Basis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders by the Fear Conditioning Paradigm. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16327. [PMID: 38003517 PMCID: PMC10671801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fear conditioning constitutes the best and most reproducible paradigm to study the neurobiological mechanisms underlying emotions. On the other hand, studies on the synaptic plasticity phenomena underlying fear conditioning present neural circuits enforcing this learning pattern related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Notably, in both humans and the rodent model, fear conditioning and context rely on dependent neurocircuitry in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, and hippocampus. In this review, an overview of the role that classical neurotransmitters play in the contextual conditioning model of fear, and therefore in PTSD, was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Traina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Romana, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Jack A. Tuszynski
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
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Chang J, Song D, Yu R. The double-edged sword of the hippocampus-ventromedial prefrontal cortex resting-state connectivity in stress susceptibility and resilience: A prospective study. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 27:100584. [PMID: 37965440 PMCID: PMC10641247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus has long been considered a pivotal region implicated in both stress susceptibility and resilience. A wealth of evidence from animal and human studies underscores the significance of hippocampal functional connectivity with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in these stress-related processes. However, there remains a scarcity of research that explores and contrasts the roles of hippocampus-vmPFC connectivity in stress susceptibility and resilience when facing a real-life traumatic event from a prospective standpoint. In the present study, we investigated the contributions of undirected and directed connectivity between the hippocampus and vmPFC to stress susceptibility and resilience within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings revealed that the left hippocampus-left vmPFC connectivity prior to the pandemic exhibited a negative correlation with both stress susceptibility and resilience. Specifically, individuals with stronger left hippocampus-left vmPFC connectivity reported experiencing fewer stress-related feelings during the outbreak period of the epidemic but displayed lower levels of stress resilience five months later. Our application of spectral dynamic causal modeling unveiled an additional inhibitory connectivity pathway from the left hippocampus to the left vmPFC in the context of stress susceptibility, which was notably absent in stress resilience. Furthermore, we observed a noteworthy positive association between self-inhibition of the vmPFC and stress susceptibility, with this effect proving substantial enough to predict an individual's susceptibility to stress; conversely, these patterns did not manifest in the realm of stress resilience. These findings enrich our comprehension of stress susceptibility and stress resilience and might have implications for innovative approaches to managing stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Chang
- Institute of Psychology, School of Public Policy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Di Song
- Department of Management, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Management, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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Meng P, Zhang X, Liu TT, Liu J, Luo Y, Xie MX, Yang H, Fang R, Guo DW, Zhong ZY, Wang YH, Ge JW. A whole transcriptome profiling analysis for antidepressant mechanism of Xiaoyaosan mediated synapse loss via BDNF/trkB/PI3K signal axis in CUMS rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:198. [PMID: 37322430 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a neuropsychiatric disease resulting from deteriorations of molecular networks and synaptic injury induced by stress. Traditional Chinese formula Xiaoyaosan (XYS) exert antidepressant effect, which was demonstrated by a great many of clinical and basic investigation. However, the exact mechanism of XYS has not yet been fully elucidated. METHODS In this study, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats were used as a model of depression. Behavioral test and HE staining were used to detect the anti-depressant effects of XYS. Furthermore, whole transcriptome sequencing was employed to establish the microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA), and mRNA profiles. The biological functions and potential mechanisms of XYS for depression were gathered from the GO and KEGG pathway. Then, constructed the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks to illustrate the regulatory relationship between non-coding RNA (ncRNA) and mRNA. Additionally, longest dendrite length, total length of dendrites, number of intersections, and density of dendritic spines were detected by Golgi staining. MAP2, PSD-95, SYN were detected by immunofluorescence respectively. BDNF, TrkB, p-TrkB, PI3K, Akt, p-Akt were measured by Western Blotting. RESULTS The results showed that XYS could increase the locomotor activity and sugar preference, decreased swimming immobility time as well as attenuate hippocampal pathological damage. A total of 753 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), 28 circRNAs (DEcircRNAs), 101 miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and 477 mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were identified after the treatment of XYS in whole transcriptome sequencing analysis. Enrichment results revealed that XYS could regulate multiple aspects of depression through different synapse or synaptic associated signal, such as neurotrophin signaling and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Then, vivo experiments indicated that XYS could promote length, density, intersections of synapses and also increase the expression of MAP2 in hippocampal CA1, CA3 regions. Meanwhile, XYS could increase the expression of PSD-95, SYN in the CA1, CA3 regions of hippocampal by regulating the BDNF/trkB/PI3K signal axis. CONCLUSION The possible mechanism on synapse of XYS in depression was successfully predicted. BDNF/trkB/PI3K signal axis were the potential mechanism of XYS on synapse loss for its antidepressant. Collectively, our results provided novel information about the molecular basis of XYS in treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Meng
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 300 Xueshi Road, Hanpu Science and Education Park, Yuelu District, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tong-Tong Liu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 300 Xueshi Road, Hanpu Science and Education Park, Yuelu District, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 300 Xueshi Road, Hanpu Science and Education Park, Yuelu District, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Xia Xie
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 300 Xueshi Road, Hanpu Science and Education Park, Yuelu District, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rui Fang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Yuelu District, 58 Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dong-Wei Guo
- The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zi-Yan Zhong
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 300 Xueshi Road, Hanpu Science and Education Park, Yuelu District, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Hong Wang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 300 Xueshi Road, Hanpu Science and Education Park, Yuelu District, Hunan, Changsha, China.
| | - Jin-Wen Ge
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Yuelu District, 58 Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Nouraeinejad A. The functional and structural changes in the hippocampus of COVID-19 patients. Acta Neurol Belg 2023:10.1007/s13760-023-02291-1. [PMID: 37226033 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-023-02291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Since the hippocampus is predominantly susceptible to injuries caused by COVID-19, there are increasing data indicating the likelihood of post-infection memory loss and quickening neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. This is due to the fact that the hippocampus has imperative functions in spatial and episodic memory as well as learning. COVID-19 activates microglia in the hippocampus and induces a CNS cytokine storm, leading to loss of hippocampal neurogenesis. The functional and structural changes in the hippocampus of COVID-19 patients can explain neuronal degeneration and reduced neurogenesis in the human hippocampus. This will open a window to explain memory and cognitive dysfunctions in "long COVID" through the resultant loss of hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nouraeinejad
- Faculty of Brain Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
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Gottfredson RK, Becker WJ. How past trauma impacts emotional intelligence: Examining the connection. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1067509. [PMID: 37275697 PMCID: PMC10234103 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1067509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Backed by both research and practice, the organizational psychology field has come to value emotional intelligence (EI) as being vital for leader and employee effectiveness. While this field values EI, it has paid little attention to the antecedents of emotional intelligence, leaving the EI domain without clarity on (1) why EI might vary across individuals, and (2) how to best develop EI. In this article, we rely on neuroscience and psychology research to make the case that past psychological trauma impacts later EI capabilities. Specifically, we present evidence that psychological trauma impairs the brain areas and functions that support EI. Establishing psychological trauma has valuable theoretical and practical implications that include providing an explanation of why EI might vary across individuals and providing a focus for improving EI: healing from past trauma. Further theoretical and practical implications for the field of organizational psychology are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K Gottfredson
- Department of Management, College of Business and Economics, California State University, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - William J Becker
- Department of Management, Pamplin College of Business, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Cobb AR, Rubin M, Stote DL, Baldwin BC, Lee HJ, Hariri AR, Telch MJ. Hippocampal volume and volume asymmetry prospectively predict PTSD symptom emergence among Iraq-deployed soldiers. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1906-1913. [PMID: 34802472 PMCID: PMC10106285 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721003548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests a link between smaller hippocampal volume (HV) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, there has been little prospective research testing this question directly and it remains unclear whether smaller HV confers risk or is a consequence of traumatization and PTSD. METHODS U.S. soldiers (N = 107) completed a battery of clinical assessments, including structural magnetic resonance imaging pre-deployment. Once deployed they completed monthly assessments of traumatic-stressors and symptoms. We hypothesized that smaller HV would potentiate the effects of traumatic stressors on PTSD symptoms in theater. Analyses evaluated whether total HV, lateral (right v. left) HV, or HV asymmetry (right - left) moderated the effects of stressor-exposure during deployment on PTSD symptoms. RESULTS Findings revealed no interaction between total HV and average monthly traumatic-stressors on PTSD symptoms b = -0.028, p = 0.681 [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.167 to 0.100]. However, in the context of greater exposure to average monthly traumatic stressors, greater right HV was associated with fewer PTSD symptoms b = -0.467, p = 0.023 (95% CI -0.786 to -0.013), whereas greater left HV was unexpectedly associated with greater PTSD symptoms b = 0.435, p = 0.024 (95% CI 0.028-0.715). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the importance of considering the complex role of HV, in particular HV asymmetry, in predicting the emergence of PTSD symptoms in response to war-zone trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R. Cobb
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- PTSD Clinical Team, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mikael Rubin
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Deborah L. Stote
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Brian C. Baldwin
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Han-Joo Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ahmad R. Hariri
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael J. Telch
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Ben-Zion Z, Korem N, Spiller TR, Duek O, Keynan JN, Admon R, Harpaz-Rotem I, Liberzon I, Shalev AY, Hendler T. Longitudinal volumetric evaluation of hippocampus and amygdala subregions in recent trauma survivors. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:657-667. [PMID: 36280750 PMCID: PMC9918676 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus and the amygdala play a central role in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) pathogenesis. While alternations in volumes of both regions have been consistently observed in individuals with PTSD, it remains unknown whether these reflect pre-trauma vulnerability traits or acquired post-trauma consequences of the disorder. Here, we conducted a longitudinal panel study of adult civilian trauma survivors admitted to a general hospital emergency department (ED). One hundred eligible participants (mean age = 32.97 ± 10.97, n = 56 females) completed both clinical interviews and structural MRI scans at 1-, 6-, and 14-months after ED admission (alias T1, T2, and T3). While all participants met PTSD diagnosis at T1, only n = 29 still met PTSD diagnosis at T3 (a "non-Remission" Group), while n = 71 did not (a "Remission" Group). Bayesian multilevel modeling analysis showed robust evidence for smaller right hippocampus volume (P+ of ~0.014) and moderate evidence for larger left amygdala volume (P+ of ~0.870) at T1 in the "non-Remission" group, compared to the "Remission" group. Subregion analysis further demonstrated robust evidence for smaller volume in the subiculum and right CA1 hippocampal subregions (P+ of ~0.021-0.046) in the "non-Remission" group. No time-dependent volumetric changes (T1 to T2 to T3) were observed across all participants or between groups. Results support the "vulnerability trait" hypothesis, suggesting that lower initial volumes of specific hippocampus subregions are associated with non-remitting PTSD. The stable volume of all hippocampal and amygdala subregions does not support the idea of consequential, progressive, stress-related atrophy during the first critical year following trauma exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Ben-Zion
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neuroscience Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
- Sagol Brain Institute Tel Aviv, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Nachshon Korem
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neuroscience Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tobias R Spiller
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neuroscience Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Or Duek
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neuroscience Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jackob Nimrod Keynan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Roee Admon
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ilan Harpaz-Rotem
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neuroscience Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Texas A&M, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Arieh Y Shalev
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Talma Hendler
- Sagol Brain Institute Tel Aviv, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on functional and structural connectivity in post-COVID-19 condition patients: A randomized, sham-controlled trial. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103218. [PMID: 36208548 PMCID: PMC9528018 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Post-COVID-19 condition refers to a range of persisting physical, neurocognitive, and neuropsychological symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Abnormalities in brain connectivity were found in recovered patients compared to non-infected controls. This study aims to evaluate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on brain connectivity in post-COVID-19 patients. METHODS In this randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind trial, 73 patients were randomized to receive 40 daily sessions of HBOT (n = 37) or sham treatment (n = 36). We examined pre- and post-treatment resting-state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans to evaluate functional and structural connectivity changes, which were correlated to cognitive and psychological distress measures. RESULTS The ROI-to-ROI analysis revealed decreased internetwork connectivity in the HBOT group which was negatively correlated to improvements in attention and executive function scores (p < 0.001). Significant group-by-time interactions were demonstrated in the right hippocampal resting state function connectivity (rsFC) in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFWE = 0.002). Seed-to-voxel analysis also revealed a negative correlation in the brief symptom inventory (BSI-18) score and in the rsFC between the amygdala seed, the angular gyrus, and the primary sensory motor area (PFWE = 0.012, 0.002). Positive correlations were found between the BSI-18 score and the left insular cortex seed and FPN (angular gyrus) (PFWE < 0.0001). Tractography based structural connectivity analysis showed a significant group-by-time interaction in the fractional anisotropy (FA) of left amygdala tracts (F = 7.81, P = 0.007). The efficacy measure had significant group-by-time interactions (F = 5.98, p = 0.017) in the amygdala circuit. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that HBOT improves disruptions in white matter tracts and alters the functional connectivity organization of neural pathways attributed to cognitive and emotional recovery in post-COVID-19 patients. This study also highlights the potential of structural and functional connectivity analysis as a promising treatment response monitoring tool.
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12
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Feng JL, Hou D, Zhao C, Bao BH, Huang SY, Deng S, Meng FC, Zhao Q, Wang B, Li HS, Wang JS. A rat study model of depression-driven chronic prostatitis by modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR network. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14488. [PMID: 35727683 DOI: 10.1111/and.14488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and chronic prostatitis (CP) are two common diseases that affect the human population worldwide. Clinically, it has been demonstrated that andrological patients often simultaneously suffer from depression and CP. Prior investigations have established that depression acts as an independent risk factor for CP. Herein, we explored the correlation between depression and CP using bioinformatics tools and through animal experiments. The potential targets and signalling pathways involved in depression and CP were predicted using bioinformatics tool, while depression in the rat model was established through chronic restraint stress. The expression of the related proteins and mRNA was assessed by Western blotting and real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Relative to those in the control rats, the protein contents of PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR were lower in the model rats (p < 0.05). Similarly, the transcript levels of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR was also relatively lower in the model rats (p < 0.05). And PI3K/Akt agonists reduced inflammation in rat prostate tissue, accompanied by significant increases in the transcript and protein expression levels of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR. Thus, we proposed that depression model rats may induce CP as a result of mediation by the negative regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Long Feng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Hou
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bing-Hao Bao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai-Yang Huang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Deng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fan-Chao Meng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Song Li
- Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Sheng Wang
- Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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13
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Ren X, Zhao X, Li J, Liu Y, Ren Y, Pruessner JC, Yang J. The Hippocampal-Ventral Medial Prefrontal Cortex Neurocircuitry Involvement in the Association of Daily Life Stress With Acute Perceived Stress and Cortisol Responses. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:276-287. [PMID: 35149637 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Daily life stressors include everyday irritants, hassles, and inconveniences, such as problems in traffic and unexpected work deadlines. A growing body of research has suggested higher daily stress is associated with blunted cortisol response to acute psychosocial stressors. However, so far, the neural mechanism underlying this association has not been elucidated. The current study aimed to examine the role of stress neurocircuitry between the hippocampus and the ventral medial prefrontal cortex in this relationship. METHODS To this end, as an index of daily stress in 44 young healthy individuals (23 females; mean [standard deviation] age = 19.07 [1.11] years), the total stressful rating score of daily life stress events that occurred in a 24-hour period was quantified. Individuals were then administered a modified version of the Montreal Imaging Stress Task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging scans, and their saliva samples were collected for assessment of the stress hormone cortisol. RESULTS Results revealed that a higher level of daily stress was associated with lower salivary cortisol secretion (r = -0.39, p = .008) and lower activation of the left hippocampus (tpeak = -5.51) in response to the Montreal Imaging Stress Task. Furthermore, a higher level of daily stress was associated with stronger functional connectivity between the left hippocampus and the ventral medial prefrontal cortex/subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (tpeak = 4.91, R2= 0.365). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the current study suggested a possible neurocircuitry of the hippocampus and ventral medial prefrontal cortex in the relationship between daily life stress and acute psychosocial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Ren
- From the Faculty of Psychology (X. Ren, Zhao, Li, liu, Y. Ren, Yang), Southwest University, Chongqing, China; and Department of Psychology (Pruessner), University of Constance, Constance, Germany
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14
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Smid GE, Lind J, Bonde JP. Neurobiological mechanisms underlying delayed expression of posttraumatic stress disorder: A scoping review. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:151-168. [PMID: 35111586 PMCID: PMC8783158 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i1.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The capacity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to occur with delayed onset has been documented in several systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Neurobiological models of PTSD may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the progressive increase in PTSD symptoms over time as well as into occasional occurrences of long-delayed PTSD with few prodromal symptoms.
AIM To obtain an overview of key concepts explaining and types of evidence supporting neurobiological underpinnings of delayed PTSD.
METHODS A scoping review of studies reporting neurobiological findings relevant to delayed PTSD was performed, which included 38 studies in the qualitative synthesis.
RESULTS Neurobiological mechanisms underlying PTSD symptoms, onset, and course involve several interconnected systems. Neural mechanisms involve the neurocircuitry of fear, comprising several structures, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex, that are amenable to time-dependent increases in activity through sensitization and kindling. Neural network models explain generalization of the fear response. Neuroendocrine mechanisms consist of autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis responses, both of which may be involved in sensitization to stress. Neuroinflammatory mechanisms are characterized by immune activation, which is sometimes due to the effects of traumatic brain injury. Finally, neurobehavioral/contextual mechanisms involve the effects of intervening stressors and mental and physical disorder comorbidities, and these may be particularly relevant in cases of long-delayed PTSD.
CONCLUSION Thus, delayed PTSD may result from multiple underlying neurobiological mechanisms that may influence the likelihood of developing prodromal symptoms preceding the onset of full-blown PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert E Smid
- ARQ Centrum'45, ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen 1112XE, Netherlands
- Department of Humanist Chaplaincy Studies, University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht 3512 HD, Netherlands
| | - Jonna Lind
- ARQ Centre of Excellence on War, Persecution and Violence, ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen 1112XE, Netherlands
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1014, Denmark
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15
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Luo YF, Ye XX, Fang YZ, Li MD, Xia ZX, Liu JM, Lin XS, Huang Z, Zhu XQ, Huang JJ, Tan DL, Zhang YF, Liu HP, Zhou J, Shen ZC. mTORC1 Signaling Pathway Mediates Chronic Stress-Induced Synapse Loss in the Hippocampus. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:801234. [PMID: 34987410 PMCID: PMC8722735 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.801234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling has served as a promising target for therapeutic intervention of major depressive disorder (MDD), but the mTORC1 signaling underlying MDD has not been well elucidated. In the present study, we investigated whether mTORC1 signaling pathway mediates synapse loss induced by chronic stress in the hippocampus. Methods: Chronic restraint stress-induced depression-like behaviors were tested by behavior tests (sucrose preference test, forced swim test and tail suspension test). Synaptic proteins and alternations of phosphorylation levels of mTORC1 signaling-associated molecules were measured using Western blotting. In addition, mRNA changes of immediate early genes (IEGs) and glutamate receptors were measured by RT-PCR. Rapamycin was used to explore the role of mTORC1 signaling in the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine. Results: After successfully establishing the chronic restraint stress paradigm, we observed that the mRNA levels of some IEGs were significantly changed, indicating the activation of neurons and protein synthesis alterations. Then, there was a significant downregulation of glutamate receptors and postsynaptic density protein 95 at protein and mRNA levels. Additionally, synaptic fractionation assay revealed that chronic stress induced synapse loss in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Furthermore, these effects were associated with the mTORC1 signaling pathway-mediated protein synthesis, and subsequently the phosphorylation of associated downstream signaling targets was reduced after chronic stress. Finally, we found that intracerebroventricular infusion of rapamycin simulated depression-like behavior and also blocked the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine. Conclusion: Overall, our study suggests that mTORC1 signaling pathway plays a critical role in mediating synapse loss induced by chronic stress, and has part in the behavioral effects of antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fei Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center, Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying-Zhao Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng-Die Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Xuan Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jian-Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun-Jie Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dong-Lin Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Fei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hai-Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Translational Medicine Center, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zu-Cheng Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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16
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Alexandra Kredlow M, Fenster RJ, Laurent ES, Ressler KJ, Phelps EA. Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:247-259. [PMID: 34545196 PMCID: PMC8617299 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder can be viewed as a disorder of fear dysregulation. An abundance of research suggests that the prefrontal cortex is central to fear processing-that is, how fears are acquired and strategies to regulate or diminish fear responses. The current review covers foundational research on threat or fear acquisition and extinction in nonhuman animals, healthy humans, and patients with posttraumatic stress disorder, through the lens of the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in these processes. Research harnessing advances in technology to further probe the role of the prefrontal cortex in these processes, such as the use of optogenetics in rodents and brain stimulation in humans, will be highlighted, as well other fear regulation approaches that are relevant to the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder and involve the prefrontal cortex, namely cognitive regulation and avoidance/active coping. Despite the large body of translational research, many questions remain unanswered and posttraumatic stress disorder remains difficult to treat. We conclude by outlining future research directions related to the role of the prefrontal cortex in fear processing and implications for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Alexandra Kredlow
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Robert J. Fenster
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Emma S. Laurent
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Kerry J. Ressler
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Phelps
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
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17
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Structural brain correlates of burnout severity in medical professionals: A voxel-based morphometric study. Neurosci Lett 2022; 772:136484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Medication-enhanced psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: Recent findings on oxytocin’s involvement in the neurobiology and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY IN EUROPE 2021; 3:e3645. [DOI: 10.32872/cpe.3645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Traumatic experiences may result in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which is characterized as an exaggerated fear response that cannot be extinguished over time or in safe environments. What are beneficial psychotherapeutic treatment options for PTSD patients? Can oxytocin (OXT), which is involved in the stress response, and safety learning, ameliorate PTSD symptomatology and enhance psychotherapeutic effects? Here, we will review recent studies regarding OXT’s potential to enhance psychotherapeutic therapies for PTSD treatment.
Method
We conducted a literature review on the neurobiological underpinnings of PTSD especially focusing on OXT’s involvement in the biology and memory formation of PTSD. Furthermore, we researched successful psychotherapeutic treatments for PTSD patients and discuss how OXT may facilitate observed psychotherapeutic effects.
Results
For a relevant proportion of PTSD patients, existing psychotherapies are not beneficial. OXT may be a promising candidate to enhance psychotherapeutic effects, because it dampens responses to stressful events and allows for a faster recovery after stress. On a neural basis, OXT modulates processes that are involved in stress, arousal and memory. OXT effectively counteracts memory impairments caused by stress and facilitates social support seeking which is a key resilience factor for PTSD and which is beneficial in psychotherapeutic settings.
Conclusion
OXT has many characteristics that are promising to positively influence psychotherapy for PTSD patients. It potentially reduces intrusions, but preserves memory of the event itself. Introducing OXT into psychotherapeutic settings may result in better treatment outcomes for PTSD patients. Future research should directly investigate OXT’s effects on PTSD, especially in psychotherapeutic settings.
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19
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Perica MI, Ravindranath O, Calabro FJ, Foran W, Luna B. Hippocampal-Prefrontal Connectivity Prior to the COVID-19 Pandemic Predicts Stress Reactivity. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 1:283-290. [PMID: 34849503 PMCID: PMC8612769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND By adolescence, foundational cognitive and affective neurobehavioral processes specialize based on environmental demands, such as stress, to determine the basis of adult trajectories. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has increased stress for everyone, particularly adolescents who face unique stressors such as restrictions in socialization and education. However, variability in brain processes supporting stress reactivity is not well understood. Here, we leverage pre-pandemic brain development studies to identify how maturity of prefrontal connectivity with the amygdala and hippocampus (HPC) is associated with response to COVID-19. We hypothesized that age-related changes in connectivity of affective and cognitive brain systems may underlie the emotional response of adolescents during the pandemic. METHODS In this study, 10- to 31-year-old participants (n = 111) completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans prior to the pandemic and then completed a questionnaire 9 months into the pandemic measuring worry, COVID-related stress, sadness, perceived stress, and positive affect. Associations between pairwise functional connectivity of HPC/amygdala subregions with prefrontal cortex subdivisions and affective reactivity during the pandemic were examined. RESULTS Regression analyses indicated that both worry and COVID-19-related stress increased with age (false discovery rate-corrected p < .05). Furthermore, greater connectivity between the anterior ventromedial prefrontal cortex and posterior HPC was associated with greater worry and COVID-19-related stress (p < .05 corrected), which was primarily driven by individuals younger than 18 years. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results indicate that increases in stress reactivity to the COVID-19 pandemic across the transition to adulthood are driven by maturation of posterior HPC-ventromedial prefrontal cortex coupling, which integrates stress response and emotional memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Perica
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Orma Ravindranath
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Finnegan J. Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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20
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Alyan E, Saad NM, Kamel N, Rahman MA. Workplace design-related stress effects on prefrontal cortex connectivity and neurovascular coupling. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 96:103497. [PMID: 34139374 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of workstation type on the neural and vascular networks of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) underlying the cognitive activity involved during mental stress. Workstation design has been reported to affect the physical and mental health of employees. However, while the functional effects of ergonomic workstations have been documented, there is little research on the influence of workstation design on the executive function of the brain. In this study, 23 healthy volunteers in ergonomic and non-ergonomic workstations completed the Montreal imaging stress task, while their brain activity was recorded using the synchronized measurement of electroencephalography and functional near-infrared spectroscopy. The results revealed desynchronization in alpha rhythms and oxygenated hemoglobin, as well as decreased functional connectivity in the PFC networks at the non-ergonomic workstations. Additionally, a significant increase in salivary alpha-amylase activity was observed in all participants at the non-ergonomic workstations, confirming the presence of induced stress. These findings suggest that workstation design can significantly impact cognitive functioning and human capabilities at work. Therefore, the use of functional neuroimaging in workplace design can provide critical information on the causes of workplace-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Alyan
- Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Malaysia.
| | - Naufal M Saad
- Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Malaysia
| | - Nidal Kamel
- Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Abdul Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, 30450, Perak, Malaysia
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21
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Abstract
Acute stress has substantial impact on white matter microstructure of people exposed to trauma. Its long-term consequence and how the brain changes from the stress remain unclear. In this study, we address this issue via diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Twenty-two trauma-exposed individuals who did not meet post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnostic criteria were recruited from the most affected area of Wenchuan earthquake and scanned twice (within twenty-five days and two years after the quake, respectively). Their emotional distress was evaluated with the Self-Rating Anxiety/Depression Scales (SAS/SDS) at both scans. Automatic fiber quantification was used to examine brain microstructure alterations. Correlation analyses were also conducted to investigate relationships between brain microstructure changes and symptom improvement. A group of demographically matched healthy controls (N = 22) from another project were scanned once before the quake using the same imaging protocols as used with trauma-exposed non-PTSD (TENP) participants. Two years after the earthquake, TENP individuals exhibited significantly reduced FA in the parietal portion of left superior longitudinal fasciculus and high FA in the parietal portion of left corticospinal tract. Over the follow-up, increased FA of the left uncinate fasciculus and the left corticospinal tract with parallel reduction of SAS and SDS were observed in TENP. No significant association was found between brain microstructure changes and symptom improvement. These results indicate changes in WM microstructure integrity of TENP brains parallel with symptom improvement over time after acute stress. However, the change would be a long-term process without external intervention.
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22
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Dennis EL, Disner SG, Fani N, Salminen LE, Logue M, Clarke EK, Haswell CC, Averill CL, Baugh LA, Bomyea J, Bruce SE, Cha J, Choi K, Davenport ND, Densmore M, du Plessis S, Forster GL, Frijling JL, Gonenc A, Gruber S, Grupe DW, Guenette JP, Hayes J, Hofmann D, Ipser J, Jovanovic T, Kelly S, Kennis M, Kinzel P, Koch SBJ, Koerte I, Koopowitz S, Korgaonkar M, Krystal J, Lebois LAM, Li G, Magnotta VA, Manthey A, May GJ, Menefee DS, Nawijn L, Nelson SM, Neufeld RWJ, Nitschke JB, O'Doherty D, Peverill M, Ressler KJ, Roos A, Sheridan MA, Sierk A, Simmons A, Simons RM, Simons JS, Stevens J, Suarez-Jimenez B, Sullivan DR, Théberge J, Tran JK, van den Heuvel L, van der Werff SJA, van Rooij SJH, van Zuiden M, Velez C, Verfaellie M, Vermeiren RRJM, Wade BSC, Wager T, Walter H, Winternitz S, Wolff J, York G, Zhu Y, Zhu X, Abdallah CG, Bryant R, Daniels JK, Davidson RJ, Fercho KA, Franz C, Geuze E, Gordon EM, Kaufman ML, Kremen WS, Lagopoulos J, Lanius RA, Lyons MJ, McCauley SR, McGlinchey R, McLaughlin KA, Milberg W, Neria Y, Olff M, Seedat S, Shenton M, Sponheim SR, Stein DJ, Stein MB, Straube T, Tate DF, van der Wee NJA, Veltman DJ, Wang L, Wilde EA, Thompson PM, Kochunov P, Jahanshad N, Morey RA. Altered white matter microstructural organization in posttraumatic stress disorder across 3047 adults: results from the PGC-ENIGMA PTSD consortium. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4315-4330. [PMID: 31857689 PMCID: PMC7302988 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of studies have examined alterations in white matter organization in people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using diffusion MRI (dMRI), but the results have been mixed which may be partially due to relatively small sample sizes among studies. Altered structural connectivity may be both a neurobiological vulnerability for, and a result of, PTSD. In an effort to find reliable effects, we present a multi-cohort analysis of dMRI metrics across 3047 individuals from 28 cohorts currently participating in the PGC-ENIGMA PTSD working group (a joint partnership between the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis consortium). Comparing regional white matter metrics across the full brain in 1426 individuals with PTSD and 1621 controls (2174 males/873 females) between ages 18-83, 92% of whom were trauma-exposed, we report associations between PTSD and disrupted white matter organization measured by lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the tapetum region of the corpus callosum (Cohen's d = -0.11, p = 0.0055). The tapetum connects the left and right hippocampus, for which structure and function have been consistently implicated in PTSD. Results were consistent even after accounting for the effects of multiple potentially confounding variables: childhood trauma exposure, comorbid depression, history of traumatic brain injury, current alcohol abuse or dependence, and current use of psychotropic medications. Our results show that PTSD may be associated with alterations in the broader hippocampal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Dennis
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Stanford Neurodevelopment, Affect, and Psychopathology Laboratory, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Seth G Disner
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lauren E Salminen
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Mark Logue
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily K Clarke
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- VISN 6 MIRECC, Durham VA, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Courtney C Haswell
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- VISN 6 MIRECC, Durham VA, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher L Averill
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for PTSD; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lee A Baugh
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jessica Bomyea
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven E Bruce
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Center for Trauma Recovery University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jiook Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyle Choi
- Health Services Research Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas D Davenport
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maria Densmore
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan du Plessis
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Gina L Forster
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Brain Health Research Centre, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jessie L Frijling
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Atilla Gonenc
- Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Staci Gruber
- Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel W Grupe
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Guenette
- Division of Neuroradiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jasmeet Hayes
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David Hofmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonathan Ipser
- SA Medical Research Council Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Dept of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sinead Kelly
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mitzy Kennis
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMCU, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp Kinzel
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Saskia B J Koch
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Inga Koerte
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Sheri Koopowitz
- SA Medical Research Council Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Dept of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mayuresh Korgaonkar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - John Krystal
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for PTSD; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauren A M Lebois
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Gen Li
- Laboratory for Traumatic Stress Studies, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Vincent A Magnotta
- Departments of Radiology, Psychiatry, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Geoff J May
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Deleene S Menefee
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- South Central MIRECC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Nawijn
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VU University Medical Center, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven M Nelson
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Richard W J Neufeld
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, BC, Canada
| | - Jack B Nitschke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Matthew Peverill
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annerine Roos
- South African Medical Research Council / Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Margaret A Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anika Sierk
- University Medical Centre Charite, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alan Simmons
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Raluca M Simons
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Simons
- Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Jennifer Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin Suarez-Jimenez
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danielle R Sullivan
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean Théberge
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Steven J A van der Werff
- Department of Psychiatry, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne J H van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mirjam van Zuiden
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen Velez
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health and University of Missouri, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mieke Verfaellie
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin S C Wade
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health and University of Missouri, St Louis, MO, USA
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sherry Winternitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Women's Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Wolff
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Gerald York
- Joint Trauma System, 3698 Chambers Pass, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
- Alaska Radiology Associates, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Ye Zhu
- Laboratory for Traumatic Stress Studies, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chadi G Abdallah
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for PTSD; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard Bryant
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Judith K Daniels
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J Davidson
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kelene A Fercho
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, US Federal Aviation Administration, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Carol Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elbert Geuze
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMCU, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evan M Gordon
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Milissa L Kaufman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Women's Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - Ruth A Lanius
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael J Lyons
- Dept. of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen R McCauley
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Regina McGlinchey
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center and Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - William Milberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuval Neria
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - Soraya Seedat
- South African Medical Research Council / Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martha Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dan J Stein
- SA Medical Research Council Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Dept of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - David F Tate
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health and University of Missouri, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VU University Medical Center, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory for Traumatic Stress Studies, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Rajendra A Morey
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- VISN 6 MIRECC, Durham VA, Durham, NC, USA
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Scheeringa MS. Reexamination of diathesis stress and neurotoxic stress theories: A qualitative review of pre-trauma neurobiology in relation to posttraumatic stress symptoms. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2021; 30:e1864. [PMID: 33220110 PMCID: PMC8170571 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Associations of neurobiological differences with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have generated interest in their temporal relation. Support has been voiced for the neurotoxic stress theory (NST) in which neurobiological differences develop following exposure and PTSD development. In contrast, the diathesis stress theory (DST) posits that neurobiological differences existed prior to exposure and may be vulnerability factors for PTSD. Studies in the first wave of neurobiological PTSD research were all cross sectional, but a second wave of research followed which used prospective repeated-measures designs that measured neurobiology prior to trauma exposure experiences, allowing greater causal inference. METHODS This study reviewed the second-wave studies in hopes of developing a preliminary consensus to support either the NST or the DST based on this more powerful prospective, repeated-measures study design. RESULTS Twenty-five second-wave studies were located that measured neurobiology prior to traumatic experiences. Nineteen studies supported the DST. Of 10 studies that were capable of testing the NST, only 3 were supportive. CONCLUSION The implications of the NST versus the DST have profound implications for understanding the fragility of the human brain and possible paths forward for future research on assessment, treatment, and social policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Scheeringa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Lokshina Y, Nickelsen T, Liberzon I. Reward Processing and Circuit Dysregulation in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:559401. [PMID: 34122157 PMCID: PMC8193060 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.559401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Past decades have witnessed substantial progress in understanding of neurobiological mechanisms that contribute to generation of various PTSD symptoms, including intrusive memories, physiological arousal and avoidance of trauma reminders. However, the neurobiology of anhedonia and emotional numbing in PTSD, that have been conceptualized as reward processing deficits - reward wanting (anticipation of reward) and reward liking (satisfaction with reward outcome), respectively, remains largely unexplored. Empirical evidence on reward processing in PTSD is rather limited, and no studies have examined association of reward processing abnormalities and neurocircuitry-based models of PTSD pathophysiology. The manuscript briefly summarizes "state of the science" of both human reward processing, and of PTSD implicated neurocircuitry, as well as empirical evidence of reward processing deficits in PTSD. We then summarize current gaps in the literature and outline key future directions, further illustrating it by the example of two alternative explanations of PTSD pathophysiology potentially affecting reward processing via different neurobiological pathways. Studying reward processing in PTSD will not only advance the understanding of their link, but also could enhance current treatment approaches by specifically targeting anhedonia and emotional symptoms in PTSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Lokshina
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Tetiana Nickelsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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25
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Postel C, Mary A, Dayan J, Fraisse F, Vallée T, Guillery-Girard B, Viader F, Sayette VDL, Peschanski D, Eustache F, Gagnepain P. Variations in response to trauma and hippocampal subfield changes. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100346. [PMID: 34113695 PMCID: PMC8170416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suggest that the hippocampus is key to the persistence of traumatic memory. Yet very little is known about the precise changes that take place in this structure, nor their relation with PTSD symptoms. Previous studies have mostly used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at low resolutions, making it impossible to identify sensitive anatomical landmarks, or compared groups often unequally matched in terms of traumatic exposure. The present cross-sectional study included 92 individuals who had all been exposed to the terrorist attacks in Paris on November 13, 2015 (53 of whom subsequently developed PTSD) and 56 individuals who had not been exposed. Hippocampal subfield volumes were estimated using cross-validated automatic segmentation of high-resolution MRI images. Results revealed changes in CA1 and CA2-3/dentate gyrus (DG) volumes in individuals with PTSD, but not in resilient (i.e., exposed but without PTSD) individuals, after controlling for potential nuisance variables such as previous traumatic exposure and substance abuse. In line with current models of hippocampal subfield functions, CA1 changes were linked to the uncontrollable re-experiencing of intrusive memories, while CA2-3/DG changes, potentially exacerbated by comorbid depression, fostered the overgeneralization of fear linked to avoidance and hypervigilance behaviors. Additional analyses revealed that CA1 integrity was linked to optimum functioning of the memory control network in resilient individuals. These findings shed new light on potential pathophysiological mechanisms in the hippocampus subtending the development of PTSD and the failure to recover from trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Postel
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Alison Mary
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit (UR2NF), Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Dayan
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Florence Fraisse
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Thomas Vallée
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Bérengère Guillery-Girard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Fausto Viader
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Vincent de la Sayette
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Denis Peschanski
- Université Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne, HESAM Université, EHESS, CNRS, UMR8209, Paris, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Pierre Gagnepain
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
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26
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Mohamed AZ, Cumming P, Nasrallah FA. White Matter Alterations Are Associated With Cognitive Dysfunction Decades After Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury and/or Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 6:1100-1109. [PMID: 33957321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Possible white matter (WM) alterations following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and their relationship to clinical outcome have yet to be investigated decades after trauma. We utilized structural magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor images to investigate brain volume and WM alterations in Vietnam War veterans with moderate-to-severe TBI and/or PTSD examined 5 decades after trauma. METHODS Data from 160 veterans-history of moderate-to-severe TBI (n = 23), history of TBI+PTSD (n = 36), history of PTSD (n = 53), and control veterans (n = 48)-were obtained from the Department of Defense Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. Voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics were used to investigate ongoing brain morphometry and WM abnormalities. The fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity were then correlated with neuropsychological scores and amyloid deposition in the trauma groups. RESULTS Compared with control subjects, the three trauma groups showed gray matter atrophy, lower FA, and distinctly higher diffusivity in the major WM tracts, including the corpus callosum, external and internal capsules, cingulum, and inferior and superior longitudinal fasciculi. The FA and mean diffusivity correlated with cognitive deficits in the trauma groups. Furthermore, the FA in the cingulum correlated negatively with amyloid deposition in the posterior cingulate cortex of all three trauma groups. CONCLUSIONS Diffusion tensor imaging detected WM abnormalities that correlated with the severity of present cognitive dysfunction and the degree of cortical amyloid deposition decades after moderate-to-severe TBI and/or PTSD. These results may hint that PTSD secondary to TBI may incur late cognitive sequalae and persistence of brain microstructure alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Z Mohamed
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Thompson Institute, University of The Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Cumming
- School of Psychology and Counselling and IHBI, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fatima A Nasrallah
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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27
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Wu J, Tong H, Liu Z, Tao J, Chen L, Chan CCH, Lee TMC. Neurobiological effects of perceived stress are different between adolescents and middle-aged adults. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:846-854. [PMID: 32737826 PMCID: PMC8032601 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stress is an inevitable element of everyday living. Developmental studies suggested that adolescents are more vulnerable and sensitive to the effect of stress due to their developing brains, especially in areas related to stress perception and processing. This voxel-based morphometry study examined the association between various neurobiological markers and the level of perceived stress experienced by adolescents (n = 26) and middle-aged adults (n = 26). Our findings indicated that differences existed in the relationships between perceived stress and the structural volume of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) extending to the insula and amygdala. Specifically, the levels of perceived stress and the grey matter volume of the orbitofrontal cortex, the insula, and the amygdala were positively related in adolescents but negatively related for adults. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation between perceived stress and cortisol levels was observed in adults, whereas the relationship between perceived stress and cortisol levels was not significant for adolescents. Perceived stress measurement may be better than cortisol levels in terms of reflecting the emotional states of adolescents. In sum, the relationships between perceived stress and neurobiological markers were different between adolescents and middle-aged adults and thus appeared to be age dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Wu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Horace Tong
- Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhongwan Liu
- Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Tao
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lidian Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Huatuo Road Shangjie Minhou, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Chetwyn C H Chan
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tatia M C Lee
- Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Blum K, McLaughlin T, Modestino EJ, Baron D, Bowirrat A, Brewer R, Steinberg B, Roy AK, Febo M, Badgaiyan RD, Gold MS. Epigenetic Repair of Terrifying Lucid Dreams by Enhanced Brain Reward Functional Connectivity and Induction of Dopaminergic Homeostatic Signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 10. [PMID: 34707968 DOI: 10.2174/2211556010666210215153513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During Lucid Dreams, the dreamer is aware, experiences the dream as if fully awake, and may control the dream content. The dreamer can start, stop, and restart dreaming, depending on the nature and pleasantness of the dream. For patients with Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) behaviors, like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Tourette's- Syndrome, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), the dream content may be pleasant, unpleasant, or terrifying. A sample of psychiatric center patients identified as having RDS reported the effectiveness of a neuronutrient, dopamine agonist, KB200Z, in combating terrifying, lucid dreaming. These reports motivated the study of eight clinical cases with known histories of substance abuse, childhood abuse, and PTSD. The administration of KB200Z, associated with eliminating unpleasant or terrifying lucid dreams in 87.5% of the cases. Subsequently, other published cases have further established the possibility of the long-term elimination of terrifying dreams in PTSD and ADHD patients. Induction of dopamine homeostasis may mitigate the effects of neurogenetic and epigenetic changes in neuroplasticity, identified in the pathogenesis of PTSD and ADHD. The article explores how relief of terrifying lucid dreams may benefit from modulation of dopaminergic signaling activated by the administration of a neuronutrient. Recently, precision formulations of the KB220 neuronutrient guided by Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS) test results have been used to repair inheritable deficiencies within the brain reward circuitry. The proposition is that improved dopamine transmodulational signaling may stimulate positive cognitive recall and subsequently attenuate the harmful epigenetic insults from trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA., USA.,Department Psychiatry, Wright University, Boonshoff School of Medicine, Dayton, OH., USA.,Division of Neuroscience & Addiction Research Therapy, Pathway Healthcare, Birmingham, AL., USA.,Division of Nutrigenomics, Geneus Genomic Testing Center, Geneus Health, LLC., San Antonio, TX., USA.,Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - David Baron
- Department Psychiatry, Wright University, Boonshoff School of Medicine, Dayton, OH., USA
| | - Abdalla Bowirrat
- Department of Neuroscience and Genetics, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Israel
| | - Raymond Brewer
- Division of Nutrigenomics, Geneus Genomic Testing Center, Geneus Health, LLC., San Antonio, TX., USA
| | | | - A Kenison Roy
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Tulane, New Orleans, LA., USA
| | - Marcello Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, School of Medicine, Gainesville, FL.USA
| | - Rajendra D Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, Ichan School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY.& Department of Psychiatry, South Texas Veteran Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital, San Antonio, TX, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marks S Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo. USA
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29
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Kaul D, Schwab SG, Mechawar N, Matosin N. How stress physically re-shapes the brain: Impact on brain cell shapes, numbers and connections in psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 124:193-215. [PMID: 33556389 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Severe stress is among the most robust risk factors for the development of psychiatric disorders. Imaging studies indicate that life stress is integral to shaping the human brain, especially regions involved in processing the stress response. Although this is likely underpinned by changes to the cytoarchitecture of cellular networks in the brain, we are yet to clearly understand how these define a role for stress in human psychopathology. In this review, we consolidate evidence of macro-structural morphometric changes and the cellular mechanisms that likely underlie them. Focusing on stress-sensitive regions of the brain, we illustrate how stress throughout life may lead to persistent remodelling of the both neurons and glia in cellular networks and how these may lead to psychopathology. We support that greater translation of cellular alterations to human cohorts will support parsing the psychological sequalae of severe stress and improve our understanding of how stress shapes the human brain. This will remain a critical step for improving treatment interventions and prevention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Kaul
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - Sibylle G Schwab
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle blvd, Verdun, Qc, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Natalie Matosin
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany.
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30
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Harnett NG, Stevens JS, van Rooij SJH, Ely TD, Michopoulos V, Hudak L, Jovanovic T, Rothbaum BO, Ressler KJ, Fani N. Multimodal structural neuroimaging markers of risk and recovery from posttrauma anhedonia: A prospective investigation. Depress Anxiety 2021; 38:79-88. [PMID: 33169525 PMCID: PMC7785637 DOI: 10.1002/da.23104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonic symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reflect deficits in reward processing that have significant functional consequences. Although recent evidence suggests that disrupted integrity of fronto-limbic circuitry is related to PTSD development, including anhedonic PTSD symptoms (posttrauma anhedonia [PTA]), little is known about potential structural biomarkers of long-term PTA as well as structural changes in fronto-limbic pathways associated with recovery from PTA over time. METHODS We investigated associations between white matter microstructure, gray matter volume, and PTA in 75 recently traumatized individuals, with a subset of participants (n = 35) completing follow-up assessment 12 months after trauma exposure. Deterministic tractography and voxel-based morphometry were used to assess changes in white and gray matter structure associated with changes in PTA. RESULTS Reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) of the uncinate fasciculus at around the time of trauma predicted greater PTA at 12-months posttrauma. Further, increased FA of the fornix over time was associated with lower PTA between 1 and 12-months posttrauma. Increased gray matter volume of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and precuneus over time was also associated with reduced PTA. CONCLUSIONS The microstructure of the uncinate fasciculus, an amygdala-prefrontal white matter connection, may represent a biomarker of vulnerability for later PTA. Conversely, development and recovery from PTA appear to be facilitated by white and gray matter structural changes in a major hippocampal pathway, the fornix. The present findings shed new light on neuroanatomical substrates of recovery from PTA and characterize white matter biomarkers of risk for posttraumatic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel G. Harnett
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Emory University,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Emory University
| | | | | | - Timothy D. Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University
| | | | - Lauren Hudak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University
| | | | - Kerry J. Ressler
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Emory University,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Emory University,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University,Address correspondence to: Negar Fani, PhD, Assistant Professor, Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 101 Woodruff Circle Suite 6007, Atlanta, Georgia 30322,
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31
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Lyons CE, Bartolomucci A. Stress and Alzheimer's disease: A senescence link? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 115:285-298. [PMID: 32461080 PMCID: PMC7483955 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress has been shown to promote numerous aging-related diseases, and to accelerate the aging process itself. Of particular interest is the impact of stress on Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia. The vast majority of AD cases have no known genetic cause, making it vital to identify the environmental factors involved in the onset and progression of the disease. Age is the greatest risk factor for AD, and measures of biological aging such as shorter telomere length, significantly increase likelihood for developing AD. Stress is also considered a crucial contributor to AD, as indicated by a formidable body of research, although the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Here we review human and animal literature on the impact of stress on AD and discuss the mechanisms implicated in the interaction. In particular we will focus on the burgeoning body of research demonstrating that senescent cells, which accumulate with age and actively drive a number of aging-related diseases, may be a key mechanism through which stress drives AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey E Lyons
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, United States; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, United States.
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32
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Multi-domain potential biomarkers for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity in recent trauma survivors. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:208. [PMID: 32594097 PMCID: PMC7320966 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00898-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary symptom-based diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) largely overlooks related neurobehavioral mechanisms and relies entirely on subjective interpersonal reporting. Previous studies associating biomarkers with PTSD have mostly used symptom-based diagnosis as the main outcome measure, disregarding the wide variability and richness of PTSD phenotypical features. Here, we aimed to computationally derive potential biomarkers that could efficiently differentiate PTSD subtypes among recent trauma survivors. A three-staged semi-unsupervised method ("3C") was used to firstly categorize individuals by current PTSD symptom severity, then derive clusters based on clinical features related to PTSD (e.g. anxiety and depression), and finally to classify participants' cluster membership using objective multi-domain features. A total of 256 features were extracted from psychometrics, cognitive functioning, and both structural and functional MRI data, obtained from 101 adult civilians (age = 34.80 ± 11.95; 51 females) evaluated within 1 month of trauma exposure. The features that best differentiated cluster membership were assessed by importance analysis, classification tree, and ANOVA. Results revealed that entorhinal and rostral anterior cingulate cortices volumes (structural MRI domain), in-task amygdala's functional connectivity with the insula and thalamus (functional MRI domain), executive function and cognitive flexibility (cognitive testing domain) best differentiated between two clusters associated with PTSD severity. Cross-validation established the results' robustness and consistency within this sample. The neural and cognitive potential biomarkers revealed by the 3C analytics offer objective classifiers of post-traumatic morbidity shortly following trauma. They also map onto previously documented neurobehavioral mechanisms associated with PTSD and demonstrate the usefulness of standardized and objective measurements as differentiating clinical sub-classes shortly after trauma.
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Ben-Zion Z, Artzi M, Niry D, Keynan NJ, Zeevi Y, Admon R, Sharon H, Halpern P, Liberzon I, Shalev AY, Hendler T. Neuroanatomical Risk Factors for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Recent Trauma Survivors. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:311-319. [PMID: 31973980 PMCID: PMC7064406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low hippocampal volume could serve as an early risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in interaction with other brain anomalies of developmental origin. One such anomaly may well be the presence of a large cavum septum pellucidum (CSP), which has been loosely associated with PTSD. We performed a longitudinal prospective study of recent trauma survivors. We hypothesized that at 1 month after trauma exposure the relation between hippocampal volume and PTSD symptom severity will be moderated by CSP volume, and that this early interaction will account for persistent PTSD symptoms at subsequent time points. METHODS One hundred seventy-one adults (87 women, average age 34.22 years [range, 18-65 years of age]) who were admitted to a general hospital's emergency department after a traumatic event underwent clinical assessment and structural magnetic resonance imaging within 1 month after trauma. Follow-up clinical evaluations were conducted at 6 (n = 97) and 14 (n = 78) months after trauma. Hippocampal and CSP volumes were measured automatically by FreeSurfer software and verified manually by a neuroradiologist (D.N.). RESULTS At 1 month after trauma, CSP volume significantly moderated the relation between hippocampal volume and PTSD severity (p = .026), and this interaction further predicted symptom severity at 14 months posttrauma (p = .018). Specifically, individuals with a smaller hippocampus and larger CSP at 1 month posttrauma showed more severe symptoms at 1 and 14 months after trauma exposure. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence for an early neuroanatomical risk factors for PTSD, which could also predict the progression of the disorder in the year after trauma exposure. Such a simple-to-acquire neuroanatomical signature for PTSD could guide early management as well as long-term monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Ben-Zion
- Sagol Brain Institute Tel Aviv, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moran Artzi
- Sagol Brain Institute Tel Aviv, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dana Niry
- Department of Radiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nimrod Jackob Keynan
- Sagol Brain Institute Tel Aviv, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoav Zeevi
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roee Admon
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Haggai Sharon
- Sagol Brain Institute Tel Aviv, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Institute of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Pain Management and Neuromodulation Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pinchas Halpern
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Arieh Y Shalev
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Talma Hendler
- Sagol Brain Institute Tel Aviv, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Sydnor VJ, Bouix S, Pasternak O, Hartl E, Levin-Gleba L, Reid B, Tripodis Y, Guenette JP, Kaufmann D, Makris N, Fortier C, Salat DH, Rathi Y, Milberg WP, McGlinchey RE, Shenton ME, Koerte IK. Mild traumatic brain injury impacts associations between limbic system microstructure and post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 26:102190. [PMID: 32070813 PMCID: PMC7026283 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that afflicts many individuals, yet the neuropathological mechanisms that contribute to this disorder remain to be fully determined. Moreover, it is unclear how exposure to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), a condition that is often comorbid with PTSD, particularly among military personnel, affects the clinical and neurological presentation of PTSD. To address these issues, the present study explores relationships between PTSD symptom severity and the microstructure of limbic and paralimbic gray matter brain regions, as well as the impact of mTBI comorbidity on these relationships. METHODS Structural and diffusion MRI data were acquired from 102 male veterans who were diagnosed with current PTSD. Diffusion data were analyzed with free-water imaging to quantify average CSF-corrected fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in 18 limbic and paralimbic gray matter regions. Associations between PTSD symptom severity and regional average dMRI measures were examined with repeated measures linear mixed models. Associations were studied separately in veterans with PTSD only, and in veterans with PTSD and a history of military mTBI. RESULTS Analyses revealed that in the PTSD only cohort, more severe symptoms were associated with higher FA in the right amygdala-hippocampus complex, lower FA in the right cingulate cortex, and lower MD in the left medial orbitofrontal cortex. In the PTSD and mTBI cohort, more severe PTSD symptoms were associated with higher FA bilaterally in the amygdala-hippocampus complex, with higher FA bilaterally in the nucleus accumbens, with lower FA bilaterally in the cingulate cortex, and with higher MD in the right amygdala-hippocampus complex. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the microstructure of limbic and paralimbic brain regions may influence PTSD symptomatology. Further, given the additional associations observed between microstructure and symptom severity in veterans with head trauma, we speculate that mTBI may exacerbate the impact of brain microstructure on PTSD symptoms, especially within regions of the brain known to be vulnerable to chronic stress. A heightened sensitivity to the microstructural environment of the brain could partially explain why individuals with PTSD and mTBI comorbidity experience more severe symptoms and poorer illness prognoses than those without a history of brain injury. The relevance of these microstructural findings to the conceptualization of PTSD as being a disorder of stress-induced neuronal connectivity loss is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J Sydnor
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elisabeth Hartl
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Levin-Gleba
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Benjamin Reid
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey P Guenette
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Kaufmann
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikos Makris
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Center for Morphometric Analysis, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Catherine Fortier
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David H Salat
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - William P Milberg
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Regina E McGlinchey
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, United States
| | - Inga K Koerte
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.
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Poletti S, Melloni E, Mazza E, Vai B, Benedetti F. Gender-specific differences in white matter microstructure in healthy adults exposed to mild stress. Stress 2020; 23:116-124. [PMID: 31452451 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1657823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is a powerful moderator of brain plasticity and may affect several physiological functions such as the endocrine and the immune system. The impact of stress can be protective or detrimental according to several factors such as level of the stressor and age of occurrence. Also, the impact may differ in males and females. We aim to analyze the effect of mild levels of early and recent stress on white matter microstructure in healthy volunteers. MRI acquisition of diffusion tensor images with a 3.0 T scanner was performed on 130 healthy subjects (71 males and 59 females). Severity of early and recent stress was rated, respectively, on the Risky Families Questionnaire and on the Schedule of Recent Experiences; subjects were divided into low stress and mild stress groups. Mild early stress associated with lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the cingulate gyrus compared to low early stress. Females reported reduced FA compared to males in the low-stress group in the internal capsule, posterior corona radiata, posterior thalamic radiation, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and sagittal stratum whereas no difference was observed in the mild stress group. An additive effect of early and recent stress was observed in posterior corona radiata, retrolenticular part of the internal capsule, and superior longitudinal fasciculus. The impact of early stress on WM microstructure in healthy subjects is different in males and females. While males seem to be more sensitive to early stress, an additive effect of early and recent stress manifests itself in females.Layman summaryMild levels of early stress associate with lower white matter integrity measured by fractional anisotropy.Females and males show differences in white matter integrity when exposed to low levels of early stress with females showing lower white matter integrity compared to males.No difference in white matter integrity was observed for males and females exposed to mild levels of stress.Mild stress in females is associated with higher white matter integrity.Males seem to be more sensitive to early stress while females are more affected when early stress is followed by stress in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Poletti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Melloni
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Mazza
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Vai
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Effects of stress on functional connectivity during verbal processing. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 14:2708-2723. [PMID: 31833016 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Effects of stress on functional connectivity (FC) in specific language processing regions of the brain during verbal fluency tasks were explored. Roles of gender and serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR), associated with stress susceptibility, were also examined to understand their effect. Forty-five healthy volunteers (Mean age: 19.6 ± 1.6 years; 28 females) participated. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was carried out while participants performed letter and category fluency tasks. These tasks were interposed with the Montreal Imaging Stress Test to induce stress or a no-stress control task. Buccal swabs collected were used to genotype for the presence of polymorphisms on the SLC6A4 gene known to contribute to atypical stress responses. Significant variations in strength of FC were noted between several ROIs, including left inferior frontal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus. Overall, males showed regional increases in FC strength over long and short distances during task under stress. Additionally, variability in effects of stress on task performance was associated with effects of stress on FC. Results suggest that long distance FC may be strengthened to compensate for additional cognitive load of the stressor but that specific short distance functional connections may be strengthened in a gender specific manner. Additionally, FC may serve as a marker for effects of stress on performance. This is the first study exploring stress effects on language tasks with imaging markers. Future studies will need to explore stress susceptible populations and establish the role of FC as a marker, with implications for targeted therapeutic interventions.
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A mosaic of sex-related structural changes in the human brain following exposure to real-life stress. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 225:461-466. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
This review summarizes current knowledge obtained from psychoradiological studies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We first focus on 3 key anatomic structures (hippocampus, amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex) and the functional circuits to which they contribute. In addition, we discuss the triple-network model, a widely accepted neurobiological model of PTSD that explains the vast majority of neuroimaging findings, as well as their interactions and relationships to functional disruptions in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Kamiya
- Department of Radiology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Osamu Abe
- Department of Radiology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Barredo J, Bellone JA, Edwards M, Carpenter LL, Correia S, Philip NS. White matter integrity and functional predictors of response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression. Depress Anxiety 2019; 36:1047-1057. [PMID: 31475432 PMCID: PMC8015421 DOI: 10.1002/da.22952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an effective treatment for pharmacoresistant posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD). We recently demonstrated that response to 5 Hz TMS administered to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was predicted by functional connectivity of the medial prefrontal (MPFC) and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC). This functionally-defined circuit is a novel target for treatment optimization research, however, our limited knowledge of the structural pathways that underlie this functional predisposition is a barrier to target engagement research. METHODS To investigate underlying structural elements of our previous functional connectivity findings, we submitted pre-TMS diffusion-weighted imaging data from 20 patients with PTSD and MDD to anatomically constrained tract-based probabilistic tractography (FreeSurfer's TRActs Constrained by UnderLying Anatomy). Averaged pathway fractional anisotropy (FA) was extracted from four frontal white matter tracts: the forceps minor, cingulum, anterior thalamic radiations (ATRs), and uncinate fasciculi. Tract FA statistics were treated as explanatory variables in backward regressions testing the relationship between tract integrity and functional connectivity coefficients from MPFC and sgACC predictors of symptom improvement after TMS. RESULTS FA in the ATRs was consistently associated with symptom improvement in PTSD and MDD (Bonferroni-corrected p < .05). CONCLUSION We found that structural characteristics of the ATR account for significant variance in individual-level functional predictors of post-TMS improvement. TMS optimization studies should target this circuit either in stand-alone or successive TMS stimulation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Barredo
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University,Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center,Corresponding author: Jennifer Barredo PhD, 830 Chalkstone Ave, Providence RI 02908;
| | - John A. Bellone
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University,Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center
| | - Melissa Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University
| | - Linda L. Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University,Butler Hospital Neuromodulation Research Facility
| | - Stephen Correia
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University,Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center,Butler Hospital Neuromodulation Research Facility
| | - Noah S. Philip
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University,Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center,Butler Hospital Neuromodulation Research Facility
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Canli T. A model of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) activation in mental health and illness. Med Hypotheses 2019; 133:109404. [PMID: 31557593 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite strong evidence for the heritability of major depressive disorder (MDD), efforts to identify causal genes have been disappointing. Furthermore, although there is strong support for life stress as a major predictor of MDD, there are also considerable individual differences in susceptibility and resilience that remain poorly understood. Efforts to identify specific gene-by-environment risk factors produced results that were initially encouraging, but that were not supported by later large-scale studies. Here I propose a novel mechanism that could address the "missing heritability" of MDD, the role of environmental risk factors, and individual differences in susceptibility and resilience. This mechanism focuses on a class of transposable elements, Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs), which make up approximately 8% of the human genome as the result of ancient retroviral infections that entered mammalian germ lines throughout the course of evolution. My primary hypothesis is that exposure to either exogenous viruses or traumatic experiences can activate HERVs in the brain to cause depressive (and possibly other psychiatric) symptoms. My secondary hypothesis is that individual differences in vulnerability or resilience result from the balance of activated HERVs with pathogenic versus protective functions in the brain. Future research can test these hypotheses by analysis of postmortem human brain tissue from donors with known viral or trauma histories; animal studies manipulating HERV expression; cell culture studies examining regulatory mechanisms of HERV expression; and from brain imaging studies of individuals with known HERV-expression. Such research may reveal novel functions of HERVs in neural tissue and may lead to a new generation of psychiatric interventions designed to target aberrant HERV activation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brain/virology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/physiology
- Depressive Disorder, Major/etiology
- Depressive Disorder, Major/genetics
- Depressive Disorder, Major/immunology
- Depressive Disorder, Major/virology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endogenous Retroviruses/genetics
- Endogenous Retroviruses/physiology
- Environmental Exposure
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Gene-Environment Interaction
- Genes, Viral
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/physiology
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Biological
- Models, Psychological
- Schizophrenia/pathology
- Schizophrenia/virology
- Stress, Psychological
- Terminal Repeat Sequences/genetics
- Virus Activation
- Virus Diseases/complications
- Virus Diseases/psychology
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Affiliation(s)
- Turhan Canli
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2500, USA.
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Fani N, Michopoulos V, van Rooij SJ, Clendinen C, Hardy RA, Jovanovic T, Rothbaum BO, Ressler KJ, Stevens JS. Structural connectivity and risk for anhedonia after trauma: A prospective study and replication. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 116:34-41. [PMID: 31181391 PMCID: PMC7039326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Anhedonia emerges in some people after psychological trauma, reflected by a loss of interest, diminished affect, and detachment. Structural abnormalities in specific neural pathways at the time of trauma may influence the development of these posttraumatic anhedonia (PTA) symptoms. In this prospective study, we determined whether white matter connectivity at around one month post-trauma predicts PTA and other PTSD symptoms at six months post-trauma. Thirty men and women aged 19-62 were recruited from the emergency department of a Level I trauma center. Participants received diffusion tensor imaging at approximately one month post-trauma and clinical assessments at one and six months post-trauma. Probabilistic tractography was used to examine connectivity of select pathways. A replication sample (N = 57) in an independent, cross-sectional dataset of traumatized women was similarly analyzed. Logistic regression results indicated that, after accounting for early PTSD symptoms (at one month) and other clinical risk factors, the integrity of the uncinate fasciculus (UF) uniquely predicted the presence of PTA at six months post-trauma (Beta = -225.6, p < .05). Together, these factors contributed to 76% of the variance in PTA. Integrity of the UF also predicted re-experiencing PTSD symptoms at six months post-trauma. These results were supported in our replication analyses. Our findings indicate that the integrity of the UF around 1 month post-trauma affects vulnerability for the development of anhedonic PTSD symptoms as well as re-experiencing symptoms. Connectivity of this amygdala-ventromedial prefrontal pathway appears to be a salient predictor of anhedonia, above and beyond clinical risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Fani
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA.
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sanne J.H. van Rooij
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA
| | - Cherita Clendinen
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA
| | - Raven A. Hardy
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA
| | - Barbara O. Rothbaum
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA
| | - Kerry J. Ressler
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA,McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Stevens
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA
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Jacob SN, Dodge CP, Vasterling JJ. Posttraumatic stress disorder and neurocognition: A bidirectional relationship? Clin Psychol Rev 2019; 72:101747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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43
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A Dynamic Multi-Reduction Algorithm for Brain Functional Connection Pathways Analysis. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11050701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Revealing brain functional connection pathways is of great significance in understanding the cognitive mechanism of the brain. In this paper, we present a novel rough set based dynamic multi-reduction algorithm (DMRA) to analyze brain functional connection pathways. First, a binary discernibility matrix is introduced to obtain a reduction, and a reduction equivalence theorem is proposed and proved to verify the feasibility of reduction algorithm. Based on this idea, we propose a dynamic single-reduction algorithm (DSRA) to obtain a seed reduction, in which two dynamical acceleration mechanisms are presented to reduce the size of the binary discernibility matrix dynamically. Then, the dynamic multi-reduction algorithm is proposed, and multi-reductions can be obtained by replacing the non-core attributes in seed reduction. Comparative performance experiments were carried out on the UCI datasets to illustrate the superiority of DMRA in execution time and classification accuracy. A memory cognitive experiment was designed and three brain functional connection pathways were successfully obtained from brain functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) by employing the proposed DMRA. The theoretical and empirical results both illustrate the potentials of DMRA for brain functional connection pathways analysis.
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44
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Wang X, Zhou T, Wang P, Zhang L, Feng S, Meng X, Yu X, Zhang Y. Dysregulation of resting-state functional connectivity in patients with Cushing’s disease. Neuroradiology 2019; 61:911-920. [DOI: 10.1007/s00234-019-02223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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45
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The Role of the Amygdala and the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Emotional Regulation: Implications for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Neuropsychol Rev 2019; 29:220-243. [DOI: 10.1007/s11065-019-09398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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46
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Cheng W, Han F, Shi Y. Neonatal isolation modulates glucocorticoid-receptor function and synaptic plasticity of hippocampal and amygdala neurons in a rat model of single prolonged stress. J Affect Disord 2019; 246:682-694. [PMID: 30611912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life and stressful experiences affect hippocampal and amygdala structure and function. They also increase the incidence of mental and nervous system disorders in adults. However, prospective studies have yet to show if early-life experiences affect the risk/severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS We applied neonatal isolation (NI) alone, single prolonged stress (SPS) alone and NI + SPS to rats. We evaluated anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory of behavior using open field, elevated plus maze, and Morris water maze tests. Then, we measured expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and synaptic-related proteins by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and western blotting in the hippocampus and amygdala. RESULTS NI + SPS exacerbated the increased anxiety levels and impaired spatial memory induced by NI alone or SPS alone. NI alone or SPS alone induced varying degrees of change in expression of GRs and synaptic proteins (synapsin I and postsynaptic density protein-95) in the hippocampus and amygdala. There were opposite changes in GR expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and basolateral amygdala. The degree of such change was exacerbated considerably by NI + SPS. In addition, neuroligin (NLG)-1 and NLG-2 were distributed in postsynaptic sites of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, respectively. NI, SPS, and NI + SPS altered the patterns of NLG-1 and NLG-2 colocalization as well as their intensity. NI + SPS strengthened the increased ratio of NLG-1/NLG-2 in the hippocampus, but decreased this ratio in the amygdala. CONCLUSIONS NI and SPS together induced greater degrees of change in anxiety and spatial memory, as well as GR and synaptic protein levels, in the hippocampus and amygdala than the changes induced by NI alone or SPS alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- PTSD Laboratory, Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Sciences College, China Medical University, 77, Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, 110001 Shenyang, China; Neonatal Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan Han
- PTSD Laboratory, Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Sciences College, China Medical University, 77, Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, 110001 Shenyang, China
| | - Yuxiu Shi
- PTSD Laboratory, Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Sciences College, China Medical University, 77, Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, 110001 Shenyang, China.
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47
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Aschbacher K, Mellon SH, Wolkowitz OM, Henn-Haase C, Yehuda R, Flory JD, Bierer LM, Abu-Amara D, Marmar CR, Mueller SG. Posttraumatic stress disorder, symptoms, and white matter abnormalities among combat-exposed veterans. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 12:989-999. [PMID: 28823023 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9759-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with abnormalities in functional connectivity of a specific cortico-limbic network; however, less is known about white matter abnormalities providing structural connections for this network. This study investigated whether the diagnosis and symptoms of PTSD are associated with alterations in fractional anisotropy (FA), an index reflecting white matter organization, across six, a priori-defined tracts. White matter FA was quantified by diffusion tensor imaging using 3 T-MRI among 57 male, combat-exposed veterans with no history of moderate to severe head injuries or current alcohol dependence: 31 met criteria for PTSD and 26 were demographically comparable, combat-exposed controls without PTSD. Clinician-administered and self-report questionnaires assessed PTSD severity, dissociation, and mood. PTSD + veterans had significantly higher FA than exposed controls in the superior fronto-occipital fasciculus (SFOF) and borderline higher FA in the anterior corona radiata (ACR) and cingulum (CGC), controlling for age and neurovascular comorbidities. When lifetime alcohol use disorders was included, only the association of PTSD with SFOF-FA remained significant. Among PTSD + veterans, higher SFOF-FA was associated with greater mood disturbance, dissociative symptoms, and re-experiencing, while lower FA of the uncinate fasciculus (UF) was associated with greater mood disturbance symptoms. Compared to combat-exposed controls without PTSD, veterans with PTSD exhibited higher white matter FA in the SFOF, and a similar tendency in the ACR and CGC, tracts involved in conflict-processing and spatial attention. Prior alcohol use might explain the associations of PTSD with ACR-FA and CGC-FA but not the association with SFOF-FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Aschbacher
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Blvd South, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California Street, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA. .,The Institute for Integrative Health, 1407 Fleet Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
| | - Synthia H Mellon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Owen M Wolkowitz
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Blvd South, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Clare Henn-Haase
- Stephen and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center, Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai/James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center, 130 W Kingsbridge Rd, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Janine D Flory
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai/James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center, 130 W Kingsbridge Rd, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Linda M Bierer
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai/James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center, 130 W Kingsbridge Rd, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Duna Abu-Amara
- Stephen and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center, Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Charles R Marmar
- Stephen and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center, Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Susanne G Mueller
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
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48
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Parenting style moderates the effects of exposure to natural disaster-related stress on the neural development of reactivity to threat and reward in children. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:1589-1598. [PMID: 30724155 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418001347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the effect of natural disasters on children's neural development. Additionally, despite evidence that stress and parenting may both influence the development of neural systems underlying reward and threat processing, few studies have brought together these areas of research. The current investigation examined the effect of parenting styles and hurricane-related stress on the development of neural reactivity to reward and threat in children. Approximately 8 months before and 9 months after Hurricane Sandy, 74 children experiencing high and low levels of hurricane-related stress completed tasks that elicited the reward positivity and error-related negativity, event-related potentials indexing sensitivity to reward and threat, respectively. At the post-Hurricane assessment, children completed a self-report questionnaire to measure promotion- and prevention-focused parenting styles. Among children exposed to high levels of hurricane-related stress, lower levels of promotion-focused, but not prevention-focused, parenting were associated with a reduced post-Sandy reward positivity. In addition, in children with high stress exposure, greater prevention-focused, but not promotion-focused, parenting was associated with a larger error-related negativity after Hurricane Sandy. These findings highlight the need to consider contextual variables such as parenting when examining how exposure to stress alters the development of neural reactivity to reward and threat in children.
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49
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Ratliff WA, Mervis RF, Citron BA, Schwartz B, Rubovitch V, Schreiber S, Pick CG. Mild blast-related TBI in a mouse model alters amygdalar neurostructure and circuitry. Exp Neurol 2019; 315:9-14. [PMID: 30711646 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) continues to be a signature injury of our modern conflicts. Due in part to increased use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs), we have seen blast trauma make up a significant portion of TBIs sustained by deployed troops and civilians. In addition to the physical injury, TBI is also a common comorbidity with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous research suggests that PTSD is often associated with increased signaling within the amygdala, leading to feelings of fear and hyperarousal. In our study, we utilized a mouse model of mild blast-related TBI (bTBI) to investigate how TBI induces changes within the amygdala, which may provide favorable conditions for the development of PTSD. To do this, we performed Golgi staining on the stellate neurons of the basolateral amygdala and quantified dendritic amount, distribution, and complexity. We found increases in dendritic branching and in the density of dendritic spines in injured mice. Increases in spine density appears to be primarily due to increases in memory associated mushroom type dendritic spines. These changes observed in our bTBI model that are consistent with chronic stress models, suggesting an important connection between the physical changes induced by TBI and the neurological symptoms of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney A Ratliff
- Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Research and Development, 151, Bldg. 22 Rm. 123, 10000 Bay Pines Blvd, Bay Pines, FL 33744, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, USF College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 7, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Ronald F Mervis
- NeuroStructural Analytics, Inc., Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 2 Tampa General Circle, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
| | - Bruce A Citron
- Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Research and Development, 151, Bldg. 22 Rm. 123, 10000 Bay Pines Blvd, Bay Pines, FL 33744, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, USF College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 7, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; VA New Jersey Health Care System, Research & Development, Mailstop 15, Bldg. 16, Rm. 16-176, 385 Tremont Ave, East Orange, NJ 07018, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers- New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave., Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Brian Schwartz
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Vardit Rubovitch
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shaul Schreiber
- Department of Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel; Department of Psychiatry, Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chaim G Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Chair, Center for the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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50
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Gindt M, Thümmler S, Soubelet A, Guenolé F, Battista M, Askenazy F. Methodology of "14-7" Program: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study of the Pediatric Population and Their Families Exposed to the Terrorist Attack of Nice on July 14 th, 2016. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:629. [PMID: 31572232 PMCID: PMC6751885 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: After a traumatic event, children and adolescents may present several clinical consequences, the most common being Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Most children and adolescents with PTSD have comorbid disorders, such Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, depression, attachment and anxiety disorders, sleep disturbances and behavior problems. However, epidemiological studies on the development of PTSD and other psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents as a consequence of a terrorist attack and mass murder are lacking. Long-term follow-up of exposed children and adolescents will help identify risk and protective factors of developing psychiatric and psychological conditions after exposure to traumatic events or situations. The main objective of this article is to present the methodology of "14-7" program. The aim of "14-7" program is to characterize the risk and protective psychosocial factors affecting the clinical evolution of a pediatric population sample, exposed to the terrorist attack of July 14th, 2016 in Nice. Method and Analysis: "14-7" program is a multicentre longitudinal cohort study. Major inclusion criteria are children and adolescents exposed to the terrorist attack and aged under 18 years on July 14th, 2016. These children and adolescents will be compared to a non-exposed to the "14-7" terrorist attack group, matched on age and gender. Participants will be assessed at baseline (T1), 2 years (T2) and 5 years (T3) after the initial assessment (T1), and every 5 years until they are 25 years old. Multiple domains are assessed: 1) mental health disorders, 2) intensity of PTSD symptoms, 3) intensity of comorbid symptoms, 4) quality of the parent-child relationship, 5) intelligence quotient, 6) parental symptoms. We will also establish a biological collection of saliva samples, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and actigraphy data collection. Main analyses comprise analyses of variance and regression analyses of predictors of clinical evolution over time. Ethics and Dissemination: The National Ethics Committee "NORD OUEST III" approved the "14-7" Program protocol (number 2017-A02212-51). All patients and their caregivers signed informed consent on enrolment in the "14-7" Program. Inclusions started on November 21st, 2017. Three hundred thirty-five individuals have been included (191 children and adolescents, 144 parents). Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03356028.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Gindt
- Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Susanne Thümmler
- Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Andréa Soubelet
- Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Florence Askenazy
- Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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