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Bouras E, Gill D, Zuber V, Murphy N, Dimou N, Aleksandrova K, Lewis SJ, Martin RM, Yarmolinsky J, Albanes D, Brenner H, Castellví-Bel S, Chan AT, Cheng I, Gruber S, Van Guelpen B, Li CI, Le Marchand L, Newcomb PA, Ogino S, Pellatt A, Schmit SL, Wolk A, Wu AH, Peters U, Gunter MJ, Tsilidis KK. Identification of potential mediators of the relationship between body mass index and colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae067. [PMID: 38725300 PMCID: PMC11082423 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-most-common cancer worldwide and its rates are increasing. Elevated body mass index (BMI) is an established risk factor for CRC, although the molecular mechanisms behind this association remain unclear. Using the Mendelian randomization (MR) framework, we aimed to investigate the mediating effects of putative biomarkers and other CRC risk factors in the association between BMI and CRC. METHODS We selected as mediators biomarkers of established cancer-related mechanisms and other CRC risk factors for which a plausible association with obesity exists, such as inflammatory biomarkers, glucose homeostasis traits, lipids, adipokines, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), sex hormones, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, smoking, physical activity (PA) and alcohol consumption. We used inverse-variance weighted MR in the main univariable analyses and performed sensitivity analyses (weighted-median, MR-Egger, Contamination Mixture). We used multivariable MR for the mediation analyses. RESULTS Genetically predicted BMI was positively associated with CRC risk [odds ratio per SD (5 kg/m2) = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.08-1.24, P-value = 1.4 × 10-5] and robustly associated with nearly all potential mediators. Genetically predicted IGF1, fasting insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, PA and alcohol were associated with CRC risk. Evidence for attenuation was found for IGF1 [explained 7% (95% CI: 2-13%) of the association], smoking (31%, 4-57%) and PA (7%, 2-11%). There was little evidence for pleiotropy, although smoking was bidirectionally associated with BMI and instruments were weak for PA. CONCLUSIONS The effect of BMI on CRC risk is possibly partly mediated through plasma IGF1, whereas the attenuation of the BMI-CRC association by smoking and PA may reflect confounding and shared underlying mechanisms rather than mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Bouras
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dipender Gill
- Chief Scientific Advisor Office, Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, London, UK
| | - Verena Zuber
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, London, UK
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Niki Dimou
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Department Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol
| | - James Yarmolinsky
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Gruber
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Center for Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Bethany Van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christopher I Li
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Pellatt
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stephanie L Schmit
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Population and Cancer Prevention Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna H Wu
- University of Southern California, Preventative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, London, UK
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, London, UK
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Harewood R, Rothwell JA, Bešević J, Viallon V, Achaintre D, Gicquiau A, Rinaldi S, Wedekind R, Prehn C, Adamski J, Schmidt JA, Jacobs I, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Severi G, Kaaks R, Katzke V, Schulze MB, Prada M, Masala G, Agnoli C, Panico S, Sacerdote C, Jakszyn PG, Sánchez MJ, Castilla J, Chirlaque MD, Atxega AA, van Guelpen B, Heath AK, Papier K, Tong TYN, Summers SA, Playdon M, Cross AJ, Keski-Rahkonen P, Chajès V, Murphy N, Gunter MJ. Association between pre-diagnostic circulating lipid metabolites and colorectal cancer risk: a nested case-control study in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). EBioMedicine 2024; 101:105024. [PMID: 38412638 PMCID: PMC10907191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered lipid metabolism is a hallmark of cancer development. However, the role of specific lipid metabolites in colorectal cancer development is uncertain. METHODS In a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), we examined associations between pre-diagnostic circulating concentrations of 97 lipid metabolites (acylcarnitines, glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids) and colorectal cancer risk. Circulating lipids were measured using targeted mass spectrometry in 1591 incident colorectal cancer cases (55% women) and 1591 matched controls. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between concentrations of individual lipid metabolites and metabolite patterns with colorectal cancer risk. FINDINGS Of the 97 assayed lipids, 24 were inversely associated (nominally p < 0.05) with colorectal cancer risk. Hydroxysphingomyelin (SM (OH)) C22:2 (ORper doubling 0.60, 95% CI 0.47-0.77) and acylakyl-phosphatidylcholine (PC ae) C34:3 (ORper doubling 0.71, 95% CI 0.59-0.87) remained associated after multiple comparisons correction. These associations were unaltered after excluding the first 5 years of follow-up after blood collection and were consistent according to sex, age at diagnosis, BMI, and colorectal subsite. Two lipid patterns, one including 26 phosphatidylcholines and all sphingolipids, and another 30 phosphatidylcholines, were weakly inversely associated with colorectal cancer. INTERPRETATION Elevated pre-diagnostic circulating levels of SM (OH) C22:2 and PC ae C34:3 and lipid patterns including phosphatidylcholines and sphingolipids were associated with lower colorectal cancer risk. This study may provide insight into potential links between specific lipids and colorectal cancer development. Additional prospective studies are needed to validate the observed associations. FUNDING World Cancer Research Fund (reference: 2013/1002); European Commission (FP7: BBMRI-LPC; reference: 313010).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Harewood
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France.
| | - Joseph A Rothwell
- Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (U1018), Exposome and Heredity Team, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Jelena Bešević
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vivian Viallon
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - David Achaintre
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France; School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Biology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Audrey Gicquiau
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Roland Wedekind
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Julie A Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Inarie Jacobs
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Diet, Cancer and Health, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Diet, Cancer and Health, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Department of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (U1018), Exposome and Heredity Team, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France; Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Katzke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Marcela Prada
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia Federico Ii University, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Paula Gabriela Jakszyn
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), 18011, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra - IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Chirlaque
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain
| | - Amaia Aizpurua Atxega
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Bethany van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alicia K Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Keren Papier
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tammy Y N Tong
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mary Playdon
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Amanda J Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pekka Keski-Rahkonen
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Chajès
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Neil Murphy
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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3
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Alrashid MH, Al-Serri AE, Hussain RF, Al-Bustan SA, Al-Barrak J. Association Study of IGF-1 rs35767 and rs6214 Gene Polymorphisms with Cancer Susceptibility and Circulating Levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3166. [PMID: 38137390 PMCID: PMC10740888 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) increases the 5-year survival rate by 90%; therefore, non-invasive biomarkers such as measurable circulating proteins for early detection and prognosis are crucial. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) bind and inhibit the activity of IGF-1. It was inconsistently reported that high IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 and low IGFBP-3 circulating levels are associated with high cancer risk, poor prognosis, and tumor metastasis in several cancers. A total of 175 patients with CRC and 429 controls were enrolled in this study. We genotyped for IGF-1 rs35767 and rs6214 gene polymorphisms and assessed their association with circulating levels of IGF-1 and/or the risk for CRC. We also determined plasma levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3. Neither rs35767 nor rs2614 were associated with cancer risk or IGF-1 levels in our study cohort. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were higher in controls than in patients, whereas IGFBP-2 was higher in patients than in controls. Only IGFBP-2 was associated with increased tumor grade but not stage. Therefore, IGF-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 may be useful as early detection and prognostic biomarkers in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam H. Alrashid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait City 13060, Kuwait; (R.F.H.); (S.A.A.-B.)
| | - Ahmad E. Al-Serri
- Human Genetics Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait City 13060, Kuwait;
| | - Rubina F. Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait City 13060, Kuwait; (R.F.H.); (S.A.A.-B.)
| | - Suzanne A. Al-Bustan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait City 13060, Kuwait; (R.F.H.); (S.A.A.-B.)
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4
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Yun Z, Nan M, Li X, Liu Z, Xu J, Du X, Dong Q, Hou L. Processed meat, red meat, white meat, and digestive tract cancers: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1078963. [PMID: 36860687 PMCID: PMC9968810 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1078963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous observational studies suggested inconsistent insights on the associations between meat intake and the risk of digestive tract cancers (DCTs). The causal effect of meat intake on DCTs is unclear. Methods Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data from UK Biobank and FinnGen to evaluate the causal effect of meat intake [processed meat, red meat (pork, beef, and lamb), and white meat (poultry)] on DCTs (esophageal, stomach, liver, biliary tract, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers). The causal effects were estimated using a primary analysis that employed inverse-variance weighting (IVW) and complementary analysis that utilized MR-Egger weighted by the median. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using the Cochran Q statistic, a funnel plot, the MR-Egger intercept, and a leave-one-out approach. MR-PRESSO and Radial MR were performed to identify and remove outliers. To demonstrate direct causal effects, multivariable MR (MVMR) was applied. In addition, risk factors were introduced to explore potential mediators of the relationship between exposure and outcome. Results The results of the univariable MR analysis indicated that genetically proxied processed meat intake was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer [IVW: odds ratio (OR) = 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-4.19; P = 0.031]. The causal effect is consistent in MVMR (OR = 3.85, 95% CI 1.14-13.04; P = 0.030) after controlling for the influence of other types of exposure. The body mass index and total cholesterol did not mediate the causal effects described above. There was no evidence to support the causal effects of processed meat intake on other cancers, except for colorectal cancer. Similarly, there is no causal association between red meat, white meat intake, and DCTs. Conclusions Our study reported that processed meat intake increases the risk of colorectal cancer rather than other DCTs. No causal relationship was observed between red and white meat intake and DCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhu Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Du
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | | | - Li Hou
- *Correspondence: Li Hou ✉
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The Anti-Cancer Activity of Lycopene: A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235152. [PMID: 36501182 PMCID: PMC9741066 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is a nutraceutical with health-promoting and anti-cancer activities, but due to a lack of evidence, there are no recommendations regarding its use and dosage. This review aimed to evaluate the benefits of lycopene supplementation in cancer prevention and treatment based on the results of in vivo studies. We identified 72 human and animal studies that were then analysed for endpoints such as cancer incidence, improvement in treatment outcomes, and the mechanisms of lycopene action. We concluded that the results of most of the reviewed in vivo studies confirmed the anti-cancer activities of lycopene. Most of the studies concerned prostate cancer, reflecting the number of in vitro studies. The reported mechanisms of lycopene action in vivo included regulation of oxidative and inflammatory processes, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of cell division, angiogenesis, and metastasis formation. The predominance of particular mechanisms seemed to depend on tumour organ localisation and the local storage capacity of lycopene. Finally, there is a need to look for predictive factors to identify a population that may benefit from lycopene supplementation. The potential candidates appear to be race, single nucleotide polymorphisms in carotene-cleaving enzymes, some genetic abbreviations, and insulin-like growth factor-dependent and inflammatory diseases.
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Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Inhibits Tumorigenesis and Progression of Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer through Suppression of Inflammatory Neutrophil-Activated Serine Proteases and IGFBP-3 Proteolysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213737. [PMID: 36430216 PMCID: PMC9698049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) accompanies the massive infiltration of neutrophils during tumorigenesis and progression of CAC. Depletion of neutrophils in circulation results in significant inhibition of tumor incidence in CAC. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unclear. In this study, we provide evidence for the crucial involvement of inflammatory neutrophil-activated serine proteases (NSPs) on the dysregulation of the anti-inflammatory and antitumor IGFBP-3/IGFBP-3R signaling axis in CAC using a chronic AOM/DSS mouse model. We also provide preclinical evidence for α1-antitrypsin (AAT) as a preventive and as a therapeutic for CAC. AAT administration not only prevented colitis-associated tumorigenesis but also inhibited established CAC. AOM/DSS treatment results in the significant activation of NSPs, leading to CAC through increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased anti-inflammatory and antitumor IGFBP-3. Collectively, these data suggest that the NSPs proteolyze IGFBP-3, whereas AAT inhibits chronic colonic inflammation-induced NSP activity and subsequently suppresses IGFBP-3 proteolysis. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory and antitumor functions of the IGFBP-3/IGFBP-3R axis are restored. AAT mimicking small peptides also showed their inhibitory effects on NSP-induced IGFBP-3 proteolysis. These results suggest that targeting the NSP-IGFBP-3/IGFBP-3R axis using NSP inhibitors such as AAT and the AAT mimics and IGFBP-3R agonists could lead to novel approaches for the prevention and treatment of CAC.
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Kattan SW, Allah AMKA, Mohamed KI, Alruwetei AM, Hegazy AH, El Gayed EMA. Linking insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) rs6214 gene polymorphism and its serum level with risk of colorectal cancer. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Colorectal Cancer is found one of the most profound type of cancer around globe, affecting men and women with different ethnic and racial groups. Insulin-like growth factor 1 is known as peptide growth factor found to increase the proliferation of cell and prevent apoptosis. Insulin pathway might have linked with progression of colorectal cancer.
Methods
This study conducted on total 160 subjects, including 80 patients with colorectal cancer with 80 age and gender match controls. Clinical parameters were compared between the control group and Colorectal cancer group. Blood serum IGF-1 was quantified by using ELISA and IGF-1 rs6214(C/T) variations were investigated using TaqMan allelic discrimination assay.
Results
Blood serum level of Insulin growth factor-I (ng/ml) showed substantial association concerning groups while IGF-1 rs6214(C/T) genotype distribution observed increased in colorectal cancer patients as compared to controls with significant association. The variant TT and CT genotype frequency observed more common in cases as compared to control. However, the wild type CC genotype were common in cases used to compared with controls. The Odds Ratio reveal the risk of variant IGF-1 rs6214 T allele to increase 3 times compared to wild type allele.
Conclusion
The homozygous TT genotypes and T variant allele of IGF-1 rs6214(C/T) showed association with high serum Insulin growth factor level 1, may increase susceptibility to the colorectal cancer. This work will use to investigate the associations between Insulin-like growth factor 1 and rs6214(C/T) gene variant and blood serum level with the vulnerability to treat Colorectal. In summary, we have investigated the relationship between Insulin growth factor level hormone and colorectal cancer. Further studies are required to understand the association between colorectal cancer and polymorphism. However, this study can be serve as an informative study to uncover mechanisms behind main cause of colon cancer. Therefore, the genomic profiling of Insulin-like growth factor-1 can be helpful to treat colorectal cancer patients.
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Meshkini F, Ramezani‐Jolfaie N, Sargazi S, Clark CC, Soltani S. The effects of lycopene supplementation on
insulin‐like
growth factor‐1 and
insulin‐like
growth factor binding proteins: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1633-1643. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Meshkini
- Department of Biochemistry, School of medicine Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
- Student Research Committee Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
| | - Nahid Ramezani‐Jolfaie
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
| | - Cain C.T. Clark
- Faculty Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare Coventry University Coventry UK
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non‐communicable Diseases Research Institute Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
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9
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Pohlman AW, Moudgalya H, Jordano L, Lobato GC, Gerard D, Liptay MJ, Seder CW, Borgia JA. The role of IGF-pathway biomarkers in determining risks, screening, and prognosis in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2022; 13:393-407. [PMID: 35198099 PMCID: PMC8858079 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Detection rates of early-stage lung cancer are traditionally low, which contributes to inconsistent treatment responses and high rates of annual cancer deaths. Currently, low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening produces a high false discovery rate. This limitation has prompted research to identify biomarkers to more clearly define eligible patients for LDCT screening, differentiate indeterminate pulmonary nodules, and select individualized cancer therapy. Biomarkers within the Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) family have come to the forefront of this research. Main Body: Multiple biomarkers within the IGF family have been investigated, most notably IGF-I and IGF binding protein 3. However, newer studies seek to expand this search to other molecules within the IGF axis. Certain studies have demonstrated these biomarkers are useful when used in combination with lung cancer screening, but other findings were not as conclusive, possibly owing to measurement bias and non-standardized assay techniques. Research also has suggested IGF biomarkers may be beneficial in the prognostication and subsequent treatment via systemic therapy. Despite these advances, additional knowledge of complex regulatory mechanisms inherent to this system are necessary to more fully harness the potential clinical utility for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Conclusions: The IGF system likely plays a role in multiple phases of lung cancer; however, there is a surplus of conflicting data, especially prior to development of the disease and during early stages of detection. IGF biomarkers may be valuable in the screening, prognosis, and treatment of lung cancer, though their exact application requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hita Moudgalya
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lia Jordano
- Department of General Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Gabriela C. Lobato
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - David Gerard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Michael J. Liptay
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Christopher W. Seder
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Borgia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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10
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Yu GH, Jiang Z. Progress in understanding of relationship between diabetes and colorectal cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:1323-1333. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i23.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have suggested that diabetes is closely associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and diabetes could be regarded as an independent risk factor for colorectal cancer. Potential pathophysiological mechanisms connecting diabetes and colorectal cancer include hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin-like growth factor axis, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, gastrointestinal motility disorder, and impaired immunological surveillance. Meanwhile, multiple studies have revealed that diabetes is negatively related to the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. This review mainly summarizes the current studies concerning the linkages between diabetes and colorectal cancer and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, so as to provide a theoretical basis for rational use of antidiabetic drugs and early diagnosis of diabetes-related colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Hua Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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11
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Naguib R, Abouegylah M, Sharkawy S, Fayed AA, Naguib H. Evaluation of Serum Levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 3 in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study. Cureus 2021; 13:e19881. [PMID: 34858769 PMCID: PMC8613508 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim: Limited information is available about the relationship between colorectal cancer (CRC) and serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3). This study aims to compare the serum levels of IGF1and IGFBP3 in colorectal cancer cases and controls and to assess the relationship between their level and the demographic and histopathological characteristics. Methods: A case-control study in which 50 patients with colorectal cancer and 50 controls matched by gender and age were compared regarding the demographic characteristics and the level of both IGF1 and IGFBP3. The correlation with different clinicopathological features was assessed. Results: Levels of IGF1 were significantly higher while levels of IGFBP3 were significantly lower among cases compared to control. IGF1 was significantly higher among patients with liver metastasis, lymph node (LN) spread, and lymphovenous invasions and did not show significant association with gender, smoking status, family history, or primary site of colorectal cancer. Lower IGFBP3 was significantly high among patients with liver and lymph node metastasis, lymphovenous invasion, and patients with positive family history. This significant negative correlation was also detected between IGFBP3 levels and the size of the tumor. Conclusions: High IGF1 levels and low concentrations of IGFBP3 are related to colorectal cancer and were significantly associated with liver metastasis, lymph node spread, and lymphovenous invasions. Further research is recommended to investigate if circulating IGF1 and IGFBP3 levels can be used to identify people at high risk of colorectal cancer and to investigate potential lifestyle or pharmaceutical ways to lower IGF1 bioactivity as a risk reduction strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Naguib
- Clinical Science Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU.,Internal Medicine Department, Endocrinology Unit, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, EGY
| | - Mohamed Abouegylah
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EGY
| | - Sherif Sharkawy
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EGY
| | - Amel A Fayed
- Clinical Science Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Hend Naguib
- Internal Medicine Department, Hepatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EGY
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12
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Diabetes and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A New Look at Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Role of Novel Antidiabetic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212409. [PMID: 34830295 PMCID: PMC8622770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data have demonstrated a significant association between the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation, the processes inherent to T2DM, also play active roles in the onset and progression of CRC. Recently, small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, a typical characteristic of diabetic dyslipidemia, emerged as another possible underlying link between T2DM and CRC. Growing evidence suggests that antidiabetic medications may have beneficial effects in CRC prevention. According to findings from a limited number of preclinical and clinical studies, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) could be a promising strategy in reducing the incidence of CRC in patients with diabetes. However, available findings are inconclusive, and further studies are required. In this review, novel evidence on molecular mechanisms linking T2DM with CRC development, progression, and survival will be discussed. In addition, the potential role of GLP-1RAs therapies in CRC prevention will also be evaluated.
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13
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Jaiswal P, Tripathi V, Nayak A, Kataria S, Lukashevich V, Das A, Parmar HS. A molecular link between diabetes and breast cancer: Therapeutic potential of repurposing incretin-based therapies for breast cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:829-848. [PMID: 34468298 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210901101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Female breast cancer recently surpassed lung cancer and became the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. As per the recent data from WHO, breast cancer accounts for one out of every 8 cancer cases diagnosed among an estimated 2.3 million new cancer cases. Breast cancer is the most prevailing cancer type among women causing the highest number of cancer-related mortality. It has been estimated that in 2020, 68,5000 women died due to this disease. Breast cancers have varying degrees of molecular heterogeneity; therefore, they are divided into various molecular clinical sub types. Recent reports suggest that type 2 diabetes (one of the common chronic diseases worldwide) is linked to the higher incidence, accelerated progression, and aggressiveness of different cancers; especially breast cancer. Breast cancer is hormone-dependent in nature and has a cross-talk with metabolism. A number of antidiabetic therapies are known to exert beneficial effects on various types of cancers, including breast cancer. However, only a few reports are available on the role of incretin-based antidiabetic therapies in cancer as a whole and in breast cancer in particular. The present review sheds light on the potential of incretin based therapies on breast cancer and explores the plausible underlying mechanisms. Additionally, we have also discussed the sub types of breast cancer as well as the intricate relationship between diabetes and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jaiswal
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore-452001. M.P., India
| | - Versha Tripathi
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore-452001. M.P., India
| | - Aakruti Nayak
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore-452001. M.P., India
| | - Shreya Kataria
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore-452001. M.P., India
| | - Vladimir Lukashevich
- Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk-220072. Belarus
| | - Apurba Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IIT, Indore, Simrol, Indore, M.P., India
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14
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Szabo Z, Koczka V, Marosvolgyi T, Szabo E, Frank E, Polyak E, Fekete K, Erdelyi A, Verzar Z, Figler M. Possible Biochemical Processes Underlying the Positive Health Effects of Plant-Based Diets-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:2593. [PMID: 34444753 PMCID: PMC8398942 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets are becoming more popular for many reasons, and epidemiological as well as clinical data also suggest that a well-balanced vegan diet can be adopted for the prevention, and in some cases, in the treatment of many diseases. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the relationships between these diets and various conditions and their potential biochemical background. As whole plant foods are very rich in food-derived antioxidants and other phytochemicals, they have many positive physiological effects on different aspects of health. In the background of the beneficial health effects, several biochemical processes could stand, including the reduced formation of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) or decreased serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and altered signaling pathways such as mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). In addition, the composition of plant-based diets may play a role in preventing lipotoxicity, avoiding N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), and reducing foodborne endotoxin intake. In this article, we attempt to draw attention to the growing knowledge about these diets and provide starting points for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Szabo
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary; (E.F.); (E.P.); (Z.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Viktor Koczka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (V.K.); (E.S.)
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tamas Marosvolgyi
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Eva Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (V.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Eszter Frank
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary; (E.F.); (E.P.); (Z.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Eva Polyak
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary; (E.F.); (E.P.); (Z.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Kata Fekete
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Attila Erdelyi
- Institute of Health Insurance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Zsofia Verzar
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary; (E.F.); (E.P.); (Z.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Maria Figler
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary; (E.F.); (E.P.); (Z.V.); (M.F.)
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology Centre, Clinical Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
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15
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Tsai CW, Chang WS, Xu Y, Huang M, Bau DT, Gu J. Associations of genetically predicted circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 with bladder cancer risk. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:726-733. [PMID: 34293213 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) play important roles in carcinogenesis. The associations of circulating IGF-1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) with the risks of bladder cancer remain unclear. In this large case control study of 2011 bladder cancer cases and 2369 heathy controls, we assessed the associations of circulating IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 with bladder cancer risks using a Mendelian randomization approach, which uses genetic variants as instruments to study causal relationship between risk factors and diseases. We first constructed a weighted genetic risk score (GRS) predictive of circulating IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 using 413 genome-wide association study-identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with IGF-1 and four SNPs with IGFBP-3, respectively. We found that higher GRS for IGF-1 was associated with a significantly reduced bladder cancer risk (odds ratio [OR] = 0.66 per SD increase, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-0.82, p < 0.001). We then used a summary statistics-based MR method, inverse-variance weighting (IVW), and found a similar risk estimate (OR = 0.67 per SD increase, 95% CI = 0.54-0.83, p < 0.001). When we categorized individuals into high and low IGF-1 groups using the median GRS value in the controls, the high GRS group had a 21% reduced bladder cancer risk (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.70-0.89) compared to the low GRS group. Genetically predicted circulating IGFBP-3 was not associated with bladder cancer risk. In conclusion, our data demonstrated for the first time a strong inverse relationship between circulating IGF-1 level and bladder cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Tsai
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wen-Shin Chang
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yifan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maosheng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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16
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) Signaling in Glucose Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126434. [PMID: 34208601 PMCID: PMC8234711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common aggressive carcinoma types worldwide, characterized by unfavorable curative effect and poor prognosis. Epidemiological data re-vealed that CRC risk is increased in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its serum components (e.g., hyperglycemia). High glycemic index diets, which chronically raise post-prandial blood glucose, may at least in part increase colon cancer risk via the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway. However, the underlying mechanisms linking IGF-1 and MetS are still poorly understood. Hyperactivated glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect) are considered as a one of six hallmarks of cancer, including CRC. However, the role of insulin/IGF-1 signaling during the acquisition of the Warburg metabolic phenotypes by CRC cells is still poorly understood. It most likely results from the interaction of multiple processes, directly or indirectly regulated by IGF-1, such as activation of PI3K/Akt/mTORC, and Raf/MAPK signaling pathways, activation of glucose transporters (e.g., GLUT1), activation of key glycolytic enzymes (e.g., LDHA, LDH5, HK II, and PFKFB3), aberrant expression of the oncogenes (e.g., MYC, and KRAS) and/or overexpression of signaling proteins (e.g., HIF-1, TGF-β1, PI3K, ERK, Akt, and mTOR). This review describes the role of IGF-1 in glucose metabolism in physiology and colorectal carcinogenesis, including the role of the insulin/IGF system in the Warburg effect. Furthermore, current therapeutic strategies aimed at repairing impaired glucose metabolism in CRC are indicated.
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17
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Fang Z, Hang D, Wang K, Joshi A, Wu K, Chan AT, Ogino S, Giovannucci EL, Song M. Risk prediction models for colorectal cancer: Evaluating the discrimination due to added biomarkers. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1021-1030. [PMID: 33948940 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Most risk prediction models for colorectal cancer (CRC) are based on questionnaires and show a modest discriminatory ability. Therefore, we aim to develop risk prediction models incorporating plasma biomarkers for CRC to improve discrimination. We assessed the predictivity of 11 biomarkers in 736 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and 639 women in the Nurses' Health Study. We used stepwise logistic regression to examine whether a set of biomarkers improved the predictivity on the basis of predictors in the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Colorectal Cancer Risk Assessment Tool. Model discrimination was assessed using C-statistics. Bootstrap with 500 randomly sampled replicates was used for internal validation. The models containing each biomarker generated a C-statistic ranging from 0.50 to 0.59 in men and 0.50 to 0.54 in women. The NCI model demonstrated a C-statistic (95% CI) of 0.67 (0.62-0.71) in men and 0.58 (0.54-0.63) in women. Through stepwise selection of biomarkers, the C-statistic increased to 0.70 (0.66-0.74) in men after adding growth/differentiation factor 15, total adiponectin, sex hormone binding globulin and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B (P for difference = 0.008); and increased to 0.62 (0.57-0.66) in women after further including insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (P for difference = .06). The NCI + selected biomarkers model was internally validated with a C-statistic (95% CI) of 0.73 (0.70-0.77) in men and 0.66 (0.61-0.70) in women. Circulating plasma biomarkers may improve the performance of risk factor-based prediction model for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Fang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dong Hang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amit Joshi
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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The relationship between rice consumption and glioma: a case-control study in adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6073. [PMID: 33727597 PMCID: PMC7971041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown the effect of refined grains on various cancers; however, data on the link between rice consumption and brain cancer are scarce. We aimed to investigate the relationship between rice consumption and glioma in Iranian adults. Current hospital-based case–control study was done in Tehran between 2009 and 2011. Cases were individuals with pathologically confirmed glioma in a maximally 1 month of the disease diagnosis (n = 128). Controls were individuals, aged between 20 and 75 years, who were hospitalized or were outpatients referred to other wards of the same hospital (n = 256). Cases and controls were frequently matched in terms of age and gender. Usual dietary intakes of participants, including rice consumption, during the preceding year were examined using a Block-format validated semi-quantitative 126-item food frequency questionnaire. Compared with participants in the lowest tertile of rice consumption (< 181 g/day), those in the highest tertile (≥ 279 g/day) had 2.47 times greater chance for having glioma (OR: 2.47, 95% CI 1.44–4.23). This relationship was also seen when potential confounders including demographic variables, energy and dietary intakes as well as body mass index were taking into account; such that individuals in the top tertile of rice consumption had 2.46 times greater odds of glioma compared with those in the bottom tertile (OR: 2.46, 95% CI 1.01–5.97). We found that rice consumption was positively associated with risk of glioma in adults. Further prospective studies are required to confirm this finding.
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19
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Moodi M, Tavakoli T, Tahergorabi Z. Crossroad between Obesity and Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Interventions. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:18. [PMID: 34084315 PMCID: PMC8106288 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_266_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is increasing worldwide, and in the past decade, cancer had entered the list of chronic debilitating diseases whose risk is substantially increased by hypernutrition. Obesity may increase the risk of cancer by the imbalance of various mechanisms including insulin and insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF-I) signaling, systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, tumor angiogenesis, adipokines secretion, and intestinal microbiota that usually act interdependently. An increased understanding of the mechanisms underlying obesity-GI cancer link can provide multiple opportunities for cancer prevention. This review discusses various mechanisms involved molecular mechanisms linking obesity with GI cancers including esophagus, stomach, colorectal and hepatocellular. Furthermore, an optional intervention such as diet restriction and exercise is described, which may be preventive or therapeutic in GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Moodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Tavakoli
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Gasteroenterology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zoya Tahergorabi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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20
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Stankovic S, R. Day F, Zhao Y, Langenberg C, J. Wareham N, R. B. Perry J, K. Ong K. Elucidating the genetic architecture underlying IGF1 levels and its impact on genomic instability and cancer risk. Wellcome Open Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16417.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) has been implicated in mitogenic and anti-apoptotic mechanisms that promote susceptibility to cancer development and growth. Previous epidemiological studies have described phenotypic associations between higher circulating levels of IGF1 in adults with higher risks for breast, prostate, ovarian, colorectal, melanoma and lung cancers. However, such evidence is prone to confounding and reverse causality. Furthermore, it is unclear whether IGF1 promotes only the survival and proliferation of cancerous cells, or also the malignant transformation of healthy cells. Methods: We perform a genome-wide association study in 428,525 white European ancestry individuals in the UK Biobank study (UKBB) and identify 831 independent genetic determinants of circulating IGF1 levels, double the number previously reported. Results: Collectively these signals explain ~7.5% of the variance in circulating IGF1 levels in EPIC-Norfolk, with individuals in the highest 10% of genetic risk exhibiting ~1 SD higher levels than those in the lowest 10%. Using a Mendelian randomization approach, we demonstrate that genetically higher circulating IGF1 levels are associated with greater likelihood of mosaic loss of chromosome Y in leukocytes in men in UKBB (OR per +1 SD = 1.038 (95% CI: 1.010-1.067), P=0.008) and 23andMe, Inc. (P=6.8×10-05), a biomarker of genomic instability involved in early tumorigenesis. Genetically higher IGF1 is also associated with higher risks for colorectal (OR = 1.126 (1.048-1.210), P=1.3×10-03) and breast cancer (OR= 1.075 (1.048-1.103), P=3.9×10-08), with similar effects on estrogen positive (ER+) (OR = 1.069 (1.037-1.102), P=2.3×10-05) and estrogen negative (ER-) (OR = 1.074 (1.025-1.125), P=3.9×10-08) subtypes. Conclusions: These findings give an insight into the genetic regulation of circulating IGF1 levels and support a causal role for IGF1 in early tumorigenesis and risks for breast and colorectal cancers.
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21
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Bull CJ, Bell JA, Murphy N, Sanderson E, Davey Smith G, Timpson NJ, Banbury BL, Albanes D, Berndt SI, Bézieau S, Bishop DT, Brenner H, Buchanan DD, Burnett-Hartman A, Casey G, Castellví-Bel S, Chan AT, Chang-Claude J, Cross AJ, de la Chapelle A, Figueiredo JC, Gallinger SJ, Gapstur SM, Giles GG, Gruber SB, Gsur A, Hampe J, Hampel H, Harrison TA, Hoffmeister M, Hsu L, Huang WY, Huyghe JR, Jenkins MA, Joshu CE, Keku TO, Kühn T, Kweon SS, Le Marchand L, Li CI, Li L, Lindblom A, Martín V, May AM, Milne RL, Moreno V, Newcomb PA, Offit K, Ogino S, Phipps AI, Platz EA, Potter JD, Qu C, Quirós JR, Rennert G, Riboli E, Sakoda LC, Schafmayer C, Schoen RE, Slattery ML, Tangen CM, Tsilidis KK, Ulrich CM, van Duijnhoven FJB, van Guelpen B, Visvanathan K, Vodicka P, Vodickova L, Wang H, White E, Wolk A, Woods MO, Wu AH, Campbell PT, Zheng W, Peters U, Vincent EE, Gunter MJ. Adiposity, metabolites, and colorectal cancer risk: Mendelian randomization study. BMC Med 2020; 18:396. [PMID: 33327948 PMCID: PMC7745469 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher adiposity increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but whether this relationship varies by anatomical sub-site or by sex is unclear. Further, the metabolic alterations mediating the effects of adiposity on CRC are not fully understood. METHODS We examined sex- and site-specific associations of adiposity with CRC risk and whether adiposity-associated metabolites explain the associations of adiposity with CRC. Genetic variants from genome-wide association studies of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, unadjusted for BMI; N = 806,810), and 123 metabolites from targeted nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics (N = 24,925), were used as instruments. Sex-combined and sex-specific Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted for BMI and WHR with CRC risk (58,221 cases and 67,694 controls in the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium, Colorectal Cancer Transdisciplinary Study, and Colon Cancer Family Registry). Sex-combined MR was conducted for BMI and WHR with metabolites, for metabolites with CRC, and for BMI and WHR with CRC adjusted for metabolite classes in multivariable models. RESULTS In sex-specific MR analyses, higher BMI (per 4.2 kg/m2) was associated with 1.23 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08, 1.38) times higher CRC odds among men (inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) model); among women, higher BMI (per 5.2 kg/m2) was associated with 1.09 (95% CI = 0.97, 1.22) times higher CRC odds. WHR (per 0.07 higher) was more strongly associated with CRC risk among women (IVW OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.43) than men (IVW OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.81, 1.36). BMI or WHR was associated with 104/123 metabolites at false discovery rate-corrected P ≤ 0.05; several metabolites were associated with CRC, but not in directions that were consistent with the mediation of positive adiposity-CRC relations. In multivariable MR analyses, associations of BMI and WHR with CRC were not attenuated following adjustment for representative metabolite classes, e.g., the univariable IVW OR for BMI with CRC was 1.12 (95% CI = 1.00, 1.26), and this became 1.11 (95% CI = 0.99, 1.26) when adjusting for cholesterol in low-density lipoprotein particles. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that higher BMI more greatly raises CRC risk among men, whereas higher WHR more greatly raises CRC risk among women. Adiposity was associated with numerous metabolic alterations, but none of these explained associations between adiposity and CRC. More detailed metabolomic measures are likely needed to clarify the mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Bull
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Joshua A Bell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Eleanor Sanderson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Barbara L Banbury
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - D Timothy Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Centre Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amanda J Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK
| | - Albert de la Chapelle
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven J Gallinger
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- Department of Preventive Medicine & USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | - Heather Hampel
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tabitha A Harrison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeroen R Huyghe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Corinne E Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Temitope O Keku
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
- Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | | | - Christopher I Li
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vicente Martín
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedicine Institute (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Anne M May
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victor Moreno
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- ONCOBEL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Cancer Epidemiology Programs, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amanda I Phipps
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John D Potter
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
- Health Sciences Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Conghui Qu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Gad Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Clemens Schafmayer
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert E Schoen
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martha L Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Catherine M Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kostas K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Bethany van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Hansong Wang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Emily White
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael O Woods
- Discipline of Genetics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada
| | - Anna H Wu
- University of Southern California, Preventative Medicine, CA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
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22
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Zeljkovic A, Mihajlovic M, Stefanovic A, Zeljkovic D, Trifunovic B, Miljkovic M, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska V, Vekic J. Potential use of serum insulin-like growth factor 1 and E-cadherin as biomarkers of colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2020; 22:2078-2086. [PMID: 32929869 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM Despite many efforts, reliable biomarkers for the prediction and diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) are still missing. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and E-cadherin are recognized as potential biomarkers, but their diagnostic capacity is largely unexplored in CRC. The aim of this work is to investigate IGF-1 and E-cadherin levels with respect to various characteristics of CRC and to estimate their diagnostic potential. METHOD Seventy CRC patients and 75 healthy individuals were enrolled. IGF-1 and E-cadherin were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The predictive and diagnostic capacities of IGF-1 and E-cadherin were estimated by logistic regression analysis and by determination of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). RESULTS Concentrations of IGF-1 were lower (P = 0.019) while levels of E-cadherin were higher (P < 0.001) in CRC patients than in controls. IGF-1 concentration decreased in parallel with age and progression of CRC (P = 0.023). Also, IGF-1 was higher in men with CRC than in women (P = 0.003). E-cadherin levels were unaffected by variations in either anthropometric characteristics of CRC patients, or localization, grade and stage of the tumour. Both IGF-1 and E-cadherin were independently associated with CRC (P = 0.040; P < 0.001, respectively). The diagnostic accuracy of IGF-1 was estimated as acceptable (AUC = 0.757; P < 0.001), while the diagnostic accuracy of E-cadherin was outstanding (AUC = 0.954; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Decreased IGF-1 and increased E-cadherin levels were found in CRC patients. IGF-1, but not E-cadherin, concentrations differed according to age, gender and stage of CRC. Both markers were independently associated with the presence of the disease, while E-cadherin demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Mihajlovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Stefanovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Zeljkovic
- Clinic of General Surgery, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - B Trifunovic
- Clinic of General Surgery, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Miljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - J Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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23
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Holowatyj AN, Haffa M, Lin T, Scherer D, Gigic B, Ose J, Warby CA, Himbert C, Abbenhardt-Martin C, Achaintre D, Boehm J, Boucher KM, Gicquiau A, Gsur A, Habermann N, Herpel E, Kauczor HU, Keski-Rahkonen P, Kloor M, von Knebel-Doeberitz M, Kok DE, Nattenmüller J, Schirmacher P, Schneider M, Schrotz-King P, Simon T, Ueland PM, Viskochil R, Weijenberg MP, Scalbert A, Ulrich A, Bowers LW, Hursting SD, Ulrich CM. Multi-omics Analysis Reveals Adipose-tumor Crosstalk in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 13:817-828. [PMID: 32655010 PMCID: PMC7877796 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and obesity-driven cancer rates are continuing to rise worldwide. We hypothesize that adipocyte-colonocyte interactions are a key driver of obesity-associated cancers. To understand the clinical relevance of visceral adipose tissue in advancing tumor growth, we analyzed paired tumor-adjacent visceral adipose, normal mucosa, and colorectal tumor tissues as well as presurgery blood samples from patients with sporadic colorectal cancer. We report that high peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) visceral adipose tissue expression is associated with glycoprotein VI (GPVI) signaling-the major signaling receptor for collagen-as well as fibrosis and adipogenesis pathway signaling in colorectal tumors. These associations were supported by correlations between PPARG visceral adipose tissue expression and circulating levels of plasma 4-hydroxyproline and serum intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), as well as gene set enrichment analysis and joint gene-metabolite pathway results integration that yielded significant enrichment of genes defining epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-as in fibrosis and metastasis-and genes involved in glycolytic metabolism, confirmed this association. We also reveal that elevated prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) colorectal tumor expression is associated with a fibrotic signature in adipose-tumor crosstalk via GPVI signaling and dendritic cell maturation in visceral adipose tissue. Systemic metabolite and biomarker profiling confirmed that high PTGS2 expression in colorectal tumors is significantly associated with higher concentrations of serum amyloid A and glycine, and lower concentrations of sphingomyelin, in patients with colorectal cancer. This multi-omics study suggests that adipose-tumor crosstalk in patients with colorectal cancer is a critical microenvironment interaction that could be therapeutically targeted.See related spotlight by Colacino et al., p. 803.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreana N Holowatyj
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah.
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mariam Haffa
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tengda Lin
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | | | - Jennifer Ose
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Christy A Warby
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Caroline Himbert
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Clare Abbenhardt-Martin
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Achaintre
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Juergen Boehm
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Audrey Gicquiau
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Habermann
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Herpel
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Matthias Kloor
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Peter Schirmacher
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Petra Schrotz-King
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Per M Ueland
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Viskochil
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | | | | | - Laura W Bowers
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah.
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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24
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Larsson SC, Carter P, Vithayathil M, Kar S, Mason AM, Burgess S. Insulin-like growth factor-1 and site-specific cancers: A Mendelian randomization study. Cancer Med 2020; 9:6836-6842. [PMID: 32717139 PMCID: PMC7520358 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is involved in several processes relevant to carcinogenesis. We used 416 single-nucleotide polymorphisms robustly associated with serum IGF-1 levels to assess the potential causal associations between this hormone and site-specific cancers through Mendelian randomization. Summary-level genetic association estimates for prostate, breast, ovarian, and lung cancer were obtained from large-scale consortia including individuals of European-descent. Furthermore, we estimated genetic associations with 14 site-specific cancers in European-descent individuals in UK Biobank. Supplementary analyses were conducted for six site-specific cancers using summary-level data from the BioBank Japan Project. Genetically predicted serum IGF-1 levels were associated with colorectal cancer. The odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation increase of IGF-1 levels was 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.22; P = .03) in UK Biobank and 1.22 (95% CI 1.09-1.36; P = 3.9 × 10-4 ) in the BioBank Japan Project. For prostate cancer, the corresponding OR was 1.10 (95% CI 1.01-1.21; P = .04) in UK Biobank, 1.03 (95% CI 0.97-1.09; P = .41) in the prostate cancer consortium, and 1.08 (95% CI 0.95-1.22; P = .24) in the BioBank Japan Project. For breast cancer, the corresponding OR was 0.99 (95% CI 0.92-1.07; P = .85) in UK Biobank and 1.08 (95% CI 1.02-1.13; P = 4.4 × 10-3 ) in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. There was no statistically significant association between genetically predicted IGF-1 levels and 14 other cancers. This study found some support for a causal association between elevated serum IGF-1 levels and increased risk of colorectal cancer. There was inconclusive or no evidence of a causal association of IGF-1 levels with prostate, breast, and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna C. Larsson
- Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional EpidemiologyInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Paul Carter
- Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Siddhartha Kar
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Amy M. Mason
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology UnitDepartment of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Cambridge and Cambridge University HospitalsCambridgeUK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- MRC Biostatistics UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Qian F, Huo D. Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Risk of Total and 19 Site-Specific Cancers: Cohort Study Analyses from the UK Biobank. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:2332-2342. [PMID: 32856611 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been implicated in several malignancies, but few studies have examined multiple cancers simultaneously. We sought to conduct systematic assessments of the association between IGF-1 and cancer risk. METHODS We conducted a prospective analysis between IGF-1 and incident total and 19 site-specific cancers among 412,645 individuals enrolled in the UK Biobank with follow-up to 2016. IGF-1 was measured using blood samples provided at the baseline examination. HR and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated with multivariable-adjusted Cox models with IGF-1 modeled both in sex-specific quintiles and continuously. RESULTS Participants were followed for a median of 7.2 years. We observed positive associations between circulating IGF-1 and overall cancer risk for both men (HR = 1.03 per 5-nmol/L increment in IGF-1; 95% CI, 1.01-1.06) and women (HR = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.06). For specific sites, we observed positive associations for breast (HR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.07-1.14), prostate (1.09; 95% CI, 1.05-1.12), colorectum (1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.11), melanoma (1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.15), kidney (1.10; 95% CI, 1.00-1.20), and thyroid (1.22; 95% CI, 1.05-1.42) and inverse associations for lung (0.91; 95% CI, 0.86-0.96), ovaries (0.86; 95% CI, 0.77-0.95), head and neck (0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.99), and liver (0.32; 95% CI, 0.26-0.38). The inverse association between IGF-1 and lung cancer was observed only in ever-smokers (HRever-smoker = 0.88 vs. HRnever-smoker = 1.14; Pinteraction = 0.0005). Analyses comparing extreme quintiles were consistent. CONCLUSIONS IGF-1 is modestly associated with increased risk of total cancer in both men and women but demonstrated divergent associations for site-specific cancers. IMPACT Our study suggests that IGF-1 could serve as a target for cancer prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Qian
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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Fu BC, Song M, Li X, Han J, Adami HO, Giovannucci EL, Mucci LA. Height as a mediator of sex differences in cancer risk. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:634-640. [PMID: 32217057 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, age-standardized incidence rates for most cancers at shared sites are substantially and consistently higher in men than in women. Differences in established risk factors are unable to account for much of the sex disparity. We hypothesized that variability in height may be important in explaining sex differences in cancer risk. PATIENTS AND METHODS We included 49 372 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2014) and 115 612 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1980-2014). Height was reported at baseline and biennial questionnaires were used to collect information on cancer risk factors. We examined the association between sex and cancer incidence at shared anatomic sites using Cox proportional hazards models and performed mediation analysis to determine the percent of the association that was accounted for by height. RESULTS Over up to 34 years of follow-up, 21 307 incident cases of cancers at shared sites (7705 men, 13 602 women) were documented. After adjusting for major cancer risk factors, men had a 39% increased risk of shared cancers overall (hazard ratio = 1.39; 95% confidence interval = 1.33-1.45) of which 35% (95% confidence interval = 24-46) was mediated by height. The excess risk of cancer for men was also partially explained by height for several specific cancers (gastrointestinal, melanoma, kidney, brain, hematologic). Mediation by height tended to be stronger among never smokers or those who adhered to a healthy lifestyle, and for cancers with fewer known environmental risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Differences in height among men and women partially mediated the association between sex and cancer incidence at several shared sites. Hence, mechanisms underlying the relationship between height and cancer may be important determinants of sex disparities in cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
| | - M Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - X Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - J Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - H O Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - E L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - L A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Sakata J, Hirosue A, Yoshida R, Matsuoka Y, Kawahara K, Arita H, Nakashima H, Yamamoto T, Nagata M, Kawaguchi S, Gohara S, Nagao Y, Yamana K, Toya R, Murakami R, Kuwahara Y, Fukumoto M, Nakayama H. Enhanced Expression of IGFBP-3 Reduces Radiosensitivity and Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020494. [PMID: 32093285 PMCID: PMC7072421 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) modulates various cell functions through IGF-dependent or independent mechanisms. However, its biological roles in the radiosensitivity of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical significance and molecular mechanisms of the association between IGFBP-3 and OSCC radiosensitivity. We performed an immunohistochemical analysis of IGFBP-3 in 52 OSCC specimens from patients treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy and surgery (phase II study). Associations between IGFBP-3 expression and clinicopathological features were also evaluated. In addition, we examined the effects of IGFBP-3 on post-X-ray irradiation radiosensitivity and DNA damage in vitro. High IGFBP-3 expression was significantly correlated with poor chemoradiotherapy responses and prognosis. With IGFBP-3 knockdown, irradiated OSCC cells exhibited significantly higher radiosensitivity compared with that of control cells. Moreover, IGFBP-3 depletion in OSCC cells reduced phosphorylation of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), which is required for DNA double-strand break repair during non-homologous end joining. These findings indicate that IGFBP-3 may have a significant role in regulating DNA repair and is be a potential biomarker for predicting clinical response to radiotherapy and prognosis in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junki Sakata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (J.S.); (R.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (H.N.); (T.Y.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (S.G.); (Y.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Akiyuki Hirosue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (J.S.); (R.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (H.N.); (T.Y.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (S.G.); (Y.N.); (K.Y.)
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (H.N.); Tel.: +81-96-373-5288 (A.H. & H.N.)
| | - Ryoji Yoshida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (J.S.); (R.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (H.N.); (T.Y.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (S.G.); (Y.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Yuichiro Matsuoka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (J.S.); (R.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (H.N.); (T.Y.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (S.G.); (Y.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kenta Kawahara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (J.S.); (R.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (H.N.); (T.Y.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (S.G.); (Y.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Hidetaka Arita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (J.S.); (R.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (H.N.); (T.Y.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (S.G.); (Y.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Hikaru Nakashima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (J.S.); (R.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (H.N.); (T.Y.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (S.G.); (Y.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Tatsuro Yamamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (J.S.); (R.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (H.N.); (T.Y.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (S.G.); (Y.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Masashi Nagata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (J.S.); (R.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (H.N.); (T.Y.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (S.G.); (Y.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Sho Kawaguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (J.S.); (R.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (H.N.); (T.Y.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (S.G.); (Y.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Shunsuke Gohara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (J.S.); (R.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (H.N.); (T.Y.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (S.G.); (Y.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Yuka Nagao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (J.S.); (R.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (H.N.); (T.Y.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (S.G.); (Y.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Keisuke Yamana
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (J.S.); (R.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (H.N.); (T.Y.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (S.G.); (Y.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Ryo Toya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
| | - Ryuji Murakami
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan;
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1, Komatsushima, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan;
| | - Manabu Fukumoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan;
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (J.S.); (R.Y.); (Y.M.); (K.K.); (H.A.); (H.N.); (T.Y.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (S.G.); (Y.N.); (K.Y.)
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (H.N.); Tel.: +81-96-373-5288 (A.H. & H.N.)
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Watts EL, Perez‐Cornago A, Appleby PN, Albanes D, Ardanaz E, Black A, Bueno‐de‐Mesquita HB, Chan JM, Chen C, Chubb SP, Cook MB, Deschasaux M, Donovan JL, English DR, Flicker L, Freedman ND, Galan P, Giles GG, Giovannucci EL, Gunter MJ, Habel LA, Häggström C, Haiman C, Hamdy FC, Hercberg S, Holly JM, Huang J, Huang W, Johansson M, Kaaks R, Kubo T, Lane JA, Layne TM, Le Marchand L, Martin RM, Metter EJ, Mikami K, Milne RL, Morris HA, Mucci LA, Neal DE, Neuhouser ML, Oliver SE, Overvad K, Ozasa K, Pala V, Pernar CH, Pollak M, Rowlands M, Schaefer CA, Schenk JM, Stattin P, Tamakoshi A, Thysell E, Touvier M, Trichopoulou A, Tsilidis KK, Van Den Eeden SK, Weinstein SJ, Wilkens L, Yeap BB, Key TJ, Allen NE, Travis RC. The associations of anthropometric, behavioural and sociodemographic factors with circulating concentrations of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 in a pooled analysis of 16,024 men from 22 studies. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:3244-3256. [PMID: 30873591 PMCID: PMC6745281 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) have been implicated in the aetiology of several cancers. To better understand whether anthropometric, behavioural and sociodemographic factors may play a role in cancer risk via IGF signalling, we examined the cross-sectional associations of these exposures with circulating concentrations of IGFs (IGF-I and IGF-II) and IGFBPs (IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3). The Endogenous Hormones, Nutritional Biomarkers and Prostate Cancer Collaborative Group dataset includes individual participant data from 16,024 male controls (i.e. without prostate cancer) aged 22-89 years from 22 prospective studies. Geometric means of protein concentrations were estimated using analysis of variance, adjusted for relevant covariates. Older age was associated with higher concentrations of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 and lower concentrations of IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-3. Higher body mass index was associated with lower concentrations of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2. Taller height was associated with higher concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 and lower concentrations of IGFBP-1. Smokers had higher concentrations of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 and lower concentrations of IGFBP-3 than nonsmokers. Higher alcohol consumption was associated with higher concentrations of IGF-II and lower concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-2. African Americans had lower concentrations of IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 and Hispanics had lower IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-3 than non-Hispanic whites. These findings indicate that a range of anthropometric, behavioural and sociodemographic factors are associated with circulating concentrations of IGFs and IGFBPs in men, which will lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms through which these factors influence cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor L. Watts
- Cancer Epidemiology UnitNuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Aurora Perez‐Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology UnitNuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul N. Appleby
- Cancer Epidemiology UnitNuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human ServicesNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- Navarra Public Health InstitutePamplonaSpain
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human ServicesNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | - H. Bas Bueno‐de‐Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic DiseasesNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Medical CentreUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Social & Preventive MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - June M. Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA
- Department UrologyUniversity of California‐San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA
| | - Chu Chen
- Public Health Sciences Division, Program in EpidemiologyFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWA
| | - S.A. Paul Chubb
- PathWest Laboratory MedicineFiona Stanley HospitalPerthWAAustralia
- Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Michael B. Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human ServicesNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS)Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Inserm U1153/Inra U1125/Cnam/Paris 13 UniversityParisFrance
| | - Jenny L. Donovan
- Department of Population Health SciencesBristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Dallas R. English
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence DivisionCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneVICAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Leon Flicker
- Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
- WA Centre for Health & Ageing, Centre for Medical ResearchHarry Perkins Institute of Medical ResearchPerthWAAustralia
- Department of Geriatric MedicineRoyal Perth HospitalPerthWAAustralia
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human ServicesNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS)Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Inserm U1153/Inra U1125/Cnam/Paris 13 UniversityParisFrance
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence DivisionCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneVICAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA
- Channing Division of Network MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- Department of NutritionHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Laurel A. Habel
- Division of ResearchKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCA
| | | | | | - Freddie C. Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of SurgeryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS)Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Inserm U1153/Inra U1125/Cnam/Paris 13 UniversityParisFrance
| | - Jeff M. Holly
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Translational Health SciencesBristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human ServicesNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | - Wen‐Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human ServicesNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Genetic Epidemiology GroupInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- Department of Environmental EpidemiologyUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushuJapan
| | - J. Athene Lane
- Department of Population Health SciencesBristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Unit in NutritionBristolUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Richard M. Martin
- Department of Population Health SciencesBristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Unit in NutritionBristolUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - E. Jeffrey Metter
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN
| | | | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence DivisionCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneVICAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | | | - Lorelei A. Mucci
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA
- Channing Division of Network MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - David E. Neal
- Nuffield Department of SurgeryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Marian L. Neuhouser
- Cancer Prevention Program, Public Health Sciences DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWA
| | - Steven E. Oliver
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of York and the Hull York Medical SchoolYorkUK
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public HealthSection for Epidemiology, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Radiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | - Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Claire H. Pernar
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA
| | - Michael Pollak
- Department of Medicine and OncologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Segal Cancer CentreJewish General HospitalMontrealQCCanada
| | - Mari‐Anne Rowlands
- Department of Population Health SciencesBristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Jeannette M. Schenk
- Cancer Prevention Program, Public Health Sciences DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWA
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | | | - Elin Thysell
- Department of Medical Biosciences and PathologyUmea UniversityUmeaSweden
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS)Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Inserm U1153/Inra U1125/Cnam/Paris 13 UniversityParisFrance
| | | | - Konstantinos K. Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of MedicineUniversity of IoanninaIoanninaGreece
| | | | - Stephanie J. Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human ServicesNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | | | - Bu B. Yeap
- Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesFiona Stanley HospitalPerthWAAustralia
| | - Timothy J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology UnitNuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Naomi E. Allen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies UnitNuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology UnitNuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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Hang D, He X, Kværner AS, Chan AT, Wu K, Ogino S, Hu Z, Shen H, Pollak MN, Giovannucci EL, Song M. Plasma Biomarkers of Insulin and the Insulin-like Growth Factor Axis, and Risk of Colorectal Adenoma and Serrated Polyp. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2019; 3:pkz056. [PMID: 32328558 PMCID: PMC7050032 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkz056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperinsulinemia, high insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) levels, and low IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) levels have been implicated in the relationship between obesity and increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it remains inconclusive whether circulating biomarkers of insulin and the IGF axis are associated with conventional adenoma and serrated polyp, the two distinct groups of CRC precursors. METHODS We prospectively examined the associations of plasma C-peptide, IGF1, IGFBP1, IGFBP3, and IGF1 to IGFBP3 ratio with conventional adenoma and serrated polyp among 11 072 women from the Nurses' Health Studies. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) per 1-SD increase in each biomarker for overall risk of conventional adenoma and serrated polyp and according to polyp feature. RESULTS During 20 years of follow-up, we documented 1234 conventional adenomas and 914 serrated polyps. After adjusting for various lifestyle factors (including body mass index), higher concentrations of IGFBP1 were associated with lower risk of serrated polyp (OR = 0.84, 95% confidence interval = 0.75 to 0.95, P = .005). The association was particularly strong for large serrated polyp (≥10 mm) located in the distal colon and rectum (OR = 0.59, 95% confidence interval = 0.39 to 0.87, P = .01). In contrast, we did not find any statistically significant association between the biomarkers and conventional adenoma. CONCLUSIONS A higher plasma level of IGFBP1 was associated with lower risk of serrated polyp. Our findings support a potential role of IGFBP1 in the serrated pathway of CRC in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Xiaosheng He
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ane Sørlie Kværner
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Program in Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Michael N Pollak
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Onyeaghala G, Lutsey PL, Demerath EW, Folsom AR, Joshu CE, Platz EA, Prizment AE. Association between greater leg length and increased incidence of colorectal cancer: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:791-797. [PMID: 31165420 PMCID: PMC6681820 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have reported that taller people have an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We examined the association of two height components-leg length and sitting height-with CRC risk in 14,532 individuals aged 45-64 years in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. METHODS Anthropometrics were measured at baseline (1987-1989). Incident CRC cases (n = 382) were ascertained from 1987 to 2012. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for CRC and colon cancer across quintiles of sex-specific leg length and sitting height. RESULTS The highest (versus the lowest) quintile of leg length was associated with a 36% greater CRC risk (p-trend = 0.04), and 51% greater colon cancer risk (p-trend = 0.01). For the top four quintiles combined, risk was increased by 34% for CRC and by 45% for colon cancer versus the lowest quintile. Total height and sitting height were not significantly associated with CRC or colon cancer risk. A small number of cases (n = 57) limited our ability to conduct subgroup analyses for rectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS A positive association of leg length with CRC and colon cancer risk suggests that biological mechanisms leading to greater leg length during puberty may explain the association between taller height and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Onyeaghala
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Pamela L Lutsey
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ellen W Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Aaron R Folsom
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Corinne E Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna E Prizment
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S 2nd St, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
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Production-related contaminants (pesticides, antibiotics and hormones) in organic and conventionally produced milk samples sold in the USA. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:2972-2980. [PMID: 31238996 PMCID: PMC6792142 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001900106x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consumption of cow's milk, which is associated with diet and health benefits, has decreased in the USA. The simultaneous increase in demand for more costly organic milk suggests consumer concern about exposure to production-related contaminants may be contributing to this decline. We sought to determine if contaminant levels differ by the production method used. DESIGN Half-gallon containers of organic and conventional milk (four each) were collected by volunteers in each of nine US regions and shipped on ice for analysis. Pesticide, antibiotic and hormone (bovine growth hormone (bGH), bGH-associated insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)) residues were measured using liquid or gas chromatography coupled to mass or tandem mass spectrometry. Levels were compared against established federal limits and by production method. SETTING Laboratory analysis of retail milk samples. RESULTS Current-use pesticides (5/15 tested) and antibiotics (5/13 tested) were detected in several conventional (26-60 %; n 35) but not in organic (n 34) samples. Among the conventional samples, residue levels exceeded federal limits for amoxicillin in one sample (3 %) and in multiple samples for sulfamethazine (37 %) and sulfathiazole (26 %). Median bGH and IGF-1 concentrations in conventional milk were 9·8 and 3·5 ng/ml, respectively, twenty and three times that in organic samples (P < 0·0001). CONCLUSIONS Current-use antibiotics and pesticides were undetectable in organic but prevalent in conventionally produced milk samples, with multiple samples exceeding federal limits. Higher bGH and IGF-1 levels in conventional milk suggest the presence of synthetic growth hormone. Further research is needed to understand the impact of these differences, if any, on consumers.
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32
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Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Colorectal Cancer: Could miRNA Dysregulation Play A Role? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122922. [PMID: 31207998 PMCID: PMC6628223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation. Insulin resistance is a risk factor for cancer. A recent chapter in epigenetics is represented by microRNAs (miRNAs), which post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Dysregulated miRNA profiles have been associated with diseases including obesity and cancer. Herein we report dysregulated miRNAs in obesity both in animal models and in humans, and we also document dysregulated miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC), as example of an obesity-related cancer. Some of the described miRNAs are found to be similarly dysregulated both in obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and CRC. Thus, we present miRNAs as a potential molecular link between obesity and CRC onset and development, giving a new perspective on the role of miRNAs in obesity-associated cancers.
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Joshi H, Vastrad B, Vastrad C. Identification of Important Invasion-Related Genes in Non-functional Pituitary Adenomas. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 68:565-589. [PMID: 30982163 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are locally invasive with high morbidity. The objective of this study was to diagnose important genes and pathways related to the invasiveness of NFPAs and gain more insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of NFPAs. The gene expression profiles of GSE51618 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database with 4 non-invasive NFPA samples, 3 invasive NFPA samples, and 3 normal pituitary gland samples. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are screened between invasive NFPA samples and normal pituitary gland samples, followed by pathway and ontology (GO) enrichment analyses. Subsequently, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and analyzed for these DEGs, and module analysis was performed. In addition, a target gene-miRNA network and target gene-TF (transcription factor) network were analyzed for these DEGs. A total of 879 DEGs were obtained. Among them, 439 genes were upregulated and 440 genes were downregulated. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the upregulated genes were significantly enriched in cysteine biosynthesis/homocysteine degradation (trans-sulfuration) and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, while the downregulated genes were mainly associated with docosahexaenoate biosynthesis III (mammals) and chemokine signaling pathway. GO enrichment analysis indicated that the upregulated genes were significantly enriched in animal organ morphogenesis, extracellular matrix, and hormone activity, while the downregulated genes were mainly associated with leukocyte chemotaxis, dendrites, and RAGE receptor binding. Subsequently, ESR1, SOX2, TTN, GFAP, WIF1, TTR, XIST, SPAG5, PPBP, AR, IL1R2, and HIST1H1C were diagnosed as the top hub genes in the upregulated and downregulated PPI networks and modules. In addition, HS3ST1, GPC4, CCND2, and SCD were diagnosed as the top hub genes in the upregulated and downregulated target gene-miRNA networks, while CISH, ISLR, UBE2E3, and CCNG2 were diagnosed as the top hub genes in the upregulated and downregulated target gene-TF networks. The new important DEGs and pathways diagnosed in this study may serve key roles in the invasiveness of NFPAs and indicate more molecular targets for the treatment of NFPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Joshi
- Endocrine and Diabetes Care Center, Hubli, Karnataka, 5800029, India
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SET'S College of Pharmacy, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580002, India
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580001, India.
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34
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Lin C, Travis RC, Appleby PN, Tipper S, Weiderpass E, Chang‐Claude J, Gram IT, Kaaks R, Kiemeney LA, Ljungberg B, Tumino R, Tjønneland A, Roswall N, Overvad K, Boutron‐Ruault M, Manciniveri FR, Severi G, Trichopoulou A, Masala G, Sacerdote C, Agnoli C, Panico S, Bueno‐de‐Mesquita B, Peeters PH, Salamanca‐Fernández E, Chirlaque M, Ardanaz E, Dorronsoro M, Menéndez V, Luján‐Barroso L, Liedberg F, Freisling H, Gunter M, Aune D, Cross AJ, Riboli E, Key TJ, Perez‐Cornago A. Pre-diagnostic circulating insulin-like growth factor-I and bladder cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2351-2358. [PMID: 29971779 PMCID: PMC6220964 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous in vitro and case-control studies have found an association between the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-axis and bladder cancer risk. Circulating concentrations of IGF-I have also been found to be associated with an increased risk of several cancer types; however, the relationship between pre-diagnostic circulating IGF-I concentrations and bladder cancer has never been studied prospectively. We investigated the association of pre-diagnostic plasma concentrations of IGF-I with risk of overall bladder cancer and urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) in a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. A total of 843 men and women diagnosed with bladder cancer between 1992 and 2005 were matched with 843 controls by recruitment centre, sex, age at recruitment, date of blood collection, duration of follow-up, time of day and fasting status at blood collection using an incidence density sampling protocol. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression with adjustment for smoking status. No association was found between pre-diagnostic circulating IGF-I concentration and overall bladder cancer risk (adjusted OR for highest versus lowest fourth: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.66-1.24, ptrend = 0.40) or UCC (n of cases = 776; 0.91, 0.65-1.26, ptrend = 0.40). There was no significant evidence of heterogeneity in the association of IGF-I with bladder cancer risk by tumour aggressiveness, sex, smoking status, or by time between blood collection and diagnosis (pheterogeneity > 0.05 for all). This first prospective study indicates no evidence of an association between plasma IGF-I concentrations and bladder cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Lin
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul N. Appleby
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Sarah Tipper
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Tromsø, The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of NorwayInstitute of Population‐Based Cancer ResearchOsloNorway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center; Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Inger T. Gram
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community MedicineUniversity of Tromsø, The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Lambertus A. Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department for Health Evidence and Department of UrologyNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Börje Ljungberg
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative sciences, Urology and AndrologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department"Civic ‐ M. P. Arezzo" HospitalRagusaItaly
| | | | - Nina Roswall
- Danish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagen ØDenmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Aarhus UniversityDepartment of Public Health Section for EpidemiologyAarhusDenmark
| | | | | | - Gianluca Severi
- CESP, Faculté de MédecineUVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris‐SaclayVillejuifFrance
- Gustave RoussyVillejuifFrance
| | | | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life‐Style Epidemiology UnitCancer Research and Prevention Institute, ISPOFlorenceItaly
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer EpidemiologyCittà della Salute e della Scienza University‐Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO)TurinItaly
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicine Clinica e ChirurgiaFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Bas Bueno‐de‐Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD)National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Medical CentreUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsThe School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Petra H. Peeters
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary CareUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Elena Salamanca‐Fernández
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, GRANADA. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de GranadaGranadaSpain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESPMadridSpain
| | - Maria‐Dolores Chirlaque
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESPMadridSpain
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health CouncilIMIB‐ArrixacaMurciaSpain
- Department of Health and Social SciencesUniversidad de MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESPMadridSpain
- Navarra Public Health InstitutePamplonaSpain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health ResearchPamplonaSpain
| | - Miren Dorronsoro
- Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute‐CieberspBasque Regional Health DepartmentVitoria‐GasteizSpain
| | | | - Leila Luján‐Barroso
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research ProgramCatalan Institute of Oncology‐IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Nursing of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternity and Child HealthSchool of Nursing. Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Fredrik Liedberg
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University and Department of UrologySkåne University HospitalMalmöSweden
| | - Heinz Freisling
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC‐WHO)LyonFrance
| | - Marc Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC‐WHO)LyonFrance
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsThe School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Bjørknes University CollegeOsloNorway
| | - Amanda J. Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsThe School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsThe School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Aurora Perez‐Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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Marrone MT, Tsilidis KK, Ehrhardt S, Joshu CE, Rebbeck TR, Sellers TA, Platz EA. When Is Enough, Enough? When Are More Observational Epidemiologic Studies Needed to Resolve a Research Question: Illustrations Using Biomarker-Cancer Associations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 28:239-247. [PMID: 30377205 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research reproducibility is vital for translation of epidemiologic findings. However, repeated studies of the same question may be undertaken without enhancing existing knowledge. To identify settings in which additional research is or is not warranted, we adapted research synthesis metrics to determine number of additional observational studies needed to change the inference from an existing meta-analysis. METHODS The fail-safe number (FSN) estimates number of additional studies of average weight and null effect needed to drive a statistically significant meta-analysis to null (P ≥ 0.05). We used conditional power to determine number of additional studies of average weight and equivalent heterogeneity to achieve 80% power in an updated meta-analysis to detect the observed summary estimate as statistically significant. We applied these metrics to a curated set of 98 meta-analyses on biomarkers and cancer risk. RESULTS Both metrics were influenced by number of studies, heterogeneity, and summary estimate size in the existing meta-analysis. For the meta-analysis on Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer with 15 studies [OR = 2.29; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.71-3.05], FSN was 805 studies, supporting futility of further study. For the meta-analysis on dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and prostate cancer with 7 studies (OR = 1.29; 95% CI, 0.99-1.69), 5 more studies would be needed for 80% power, suggesting further study could change inferences. CONCLUSIONS Along with traditional assessments, these metrics could be used by stakeholders to decide whether additional studies addressing the same question are needed. IMPACT Systematic application of these metrics could lead to more judicious use of resources and acceleration from discovery to population-health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Marrone
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Ehrhardt
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Corinne E Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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36
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Murphy N, Achaintre D, Zamora‐Ros R, Jenab M, Boutron‐Ruault M, Carbonnel F, Savoye I, Kaaks R, Kühn T, Boeing H, Aleksandrova K, Tjønneland A, Kyrø C, Overvad K, Quirós JR, Sánchez M, Altzibar JM, María Huerta J, Barricarte A, Khaw K, Bradbury KE, Perez‐Cornago A, Trichopoulou A, Karakatsani A, Peppa E, Palli D, Grioni S, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Panico S, Bueno‐de‐Mesquita HB, Peeters PH, Rutegård M, Johansson I, Freisling H, Noh H, Cross AJ, Vineis P, Tsilidis K, Gunter MJ, Scalbert A. A prospective evaluation of plasma polyphenol levels and colon cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1620-1631. [PMID: 29696648 PMCID: PMC6175205 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols have been shown to exert biological activity in experimental models of colon cancer; however, human data linking specific polyphenols to colon cancer is limited. We assessed the relationship between pre-diagnostic plasma polyphenols and colon cancer risk in a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Using high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, we measured concentrations of 35 polyphenols in plasma from 809 incident colon cancer cases and 809 matched controls. We used multivariable adjusted conditional logistic regression models that included established colon cancer risk factors. The false discovery rate (qvalues ) was computed to control for multiple comparisons. All statistical tests were two-sided. After false discovery rate correction and in continuous log2 -transformed multivariable models, equol (odds ratio [OR] per log2 -value, 0.86, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.79-0.93; qvalue = 0.01) and homovanillic acid (OR per log2 -value, 1.46, 95% CI = 1.16-1.84; qvalue = 0.02) were associated with colon cancer risk. Comparing extreme fifths, equol concentrations were inversely associated with colon cancer risk (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.41-0.91, ptrend = 0.003), while homovanillic acid concentrations were positively associated with colon cancer development (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.17-2.53, ptrend < 0.0001). No heterogeneity for these associations was observed by sex and across other colon cancer risk factors. The remaining polyphenols were not associated with colon cancer risk. Higher equol concentrations were associated with lower risk, and higher homovanillic acid concentrations were associated with greater risk of colon cancer. These findings support a potential role for specific polyphenols in colon tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Murphy
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - David Achaintre
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Raul Zamora‐Ros
- Unit of Nutrition and CancerCancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | | | - Franck Carbonnel
- CESP, INSERM U1018, Univ. Paris‐Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris‐SaclayVillejuif CedexFrance
- Université Paris Sud and Gastroenterology Unit, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, CHU de Bicêtre, AP‐HPLe Kremlin BicêtreFrance
| | - Isabelle Savoye
- CESP, INSERM U1018, Univ. Paris‐Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris‐SaclayVillejuif CedexFrance
- Gustave Roussy, Espace Maurice TubianaVillejuif CedexFrance
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of EpidemiologyGerman Institute of Human NutritionPotsdam‐RehbrückeGermany
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department of EpidemiologyNutrition, Immunity and Metabolism Start‐up LabPotsdam‐RehbrückeGermany
| | | | - Cecilie Kyrø
- Danish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public HealthAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Maria‐Jose Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de GranadaGranadaSpain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
| | - Jone M. Altzibar
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Osakidetza/Basque Health ServiceBreast Cancer Screening ProgramBilbaoSpain
| | - José María Huerta
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Department of EpidemiologyMurcia Regional Health Council, IMIB‐ArrixacaMurciaSpain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Navarra Public Health InstitutePamplonaSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
| | - Kay‐Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Kathryn E. Bradbury
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Aurora Perez‐Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Anna Karakatsani
- Hellenic Health FoundationAthensGreece
- Pulmonary Medicine Department, School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “ATTIKON” University HospitalHaidariGreece
| | | | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life‐Style Epidemiology UnitCancer Research and Prevention Institute—ISPOFlorenceItaly
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology DepartmentCivic ‐ M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, ASP RagusaRagusaItaly
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University‐Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO)TurinItaly
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e SperimentaleFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - H. B(as) Bueno‐de‐Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD)National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1BilthovenBA3720The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Medical CentreUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Petra H. Peeters
- Department of EpidemiologyJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- MRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Martin Rutegård
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative SciencesUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | | | - Heinz Freisling
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Hwayoung Noh
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Amanda J. Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Kostas Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of MedicineUniversity of IoanninaIoanninaGreece
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Section of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
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McSkane M, Stintzing S, Heinemann V, Puccini A, Naseem M, Cao S, Lenz HJ, Jelas I. Association Between Height and Clinical Outcome in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Enrolled Onto a Randomized Phase 3 Clinical Trial: Data From the FIRE-3 Study. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2018; 17:215-222.e3. [PMID: 29880436 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have found significant relationships between height and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Increased growth has been associated with activated pathways such as insulin-like growth factor 1. This study examined the impact of height on outcomes in metastatic CRC patients enrolled onto the FIRE-3 study, a randomized phase 3 clinical trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 695 patients with metastatic CRC were studied and height was measured in centimeters. Male patients were grouped as ≤ 165, 166-175, 176-185, and ≥ 186 cm in height; female patients were grouped as ≤ 154, 155-164, 165-174, and ≥ 175 cm in height. Primary end point was overall survival (OS); secondary end point was progression-free survival. RESULTS When patients' heights were categorized into 4 groups, the tallest group showed a worse OS compared to the shortest group; however, there was no linear relationship between height and OS. To investigate this, we showed the association between height as a continuous variable and OS. Patients shorter than 172 cm had a worse OS as their height decreased. Patients taller than 172 cm had a worse OS as their height increased. Moreover, patients with heights between 165 and 179 cm had a better OS compared to other patients (P = .05). This effect was independent of treatment arm and gender. CONCLUSION Patients shorter than 165 cm and taller than 179 cm have a worse OS, while those between 165 and 179 cm have a better OS. Hence, clinicians should consider height as an important prognostic factor when treating metastatic CRC patients. Future prospective studies are warranted to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the worse OS in taller patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle McSkane
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sebastian Stintzing
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Heinemann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alberto Puccini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Madiha Naseem
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Shu Cao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Ivan Jelas
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Wang L, Huang M, Ding H, Jin G, Chen L, Chen F, Shen H. Genetically determined height was associated with lung cancer risk in East Asian population. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3445-3452. [PMID: 29790669 PMCID: PMC6051217 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between adult height and risk of lung cancer has been investigated by epidemiology studies, but the results are inconsistent. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses with individual‐level data from two genome‐wide association studies, including a total of 7127 lung cancer cases and 6818 controls, were carried out to explore whether adult height is causally associated with risk of lung cancer. A weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) was created based on genotypes of 101 known height‐associated genetic variants. Association between the wGRS and risk of lung cancer was analyzed by logistic regression for each study separately. The combined effect was calculated using fixed effect meta‐analysis. MR analyses showed that increased risk of lung cancer (OR = 1.19, 95%CI: 1.05‐1.35, P = 0.006) associated with taller genetically determined height. Compared with individuals in the lowest tertile of the height‐associated wGRS, those in the highest tertile had 1.10‐fold (95% CI: 1.01‐1.20) increased risk of developing lung cancer. Sensitivity analyses excluding BMI‐associated genetic variants demonstrated consistent association. Our study suggested that genetically taller height was associated with increased risk of lung cancer in East Asian population, indicating that increasing height may have a causal role in lung cancer carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingtao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Nimptsch K, Wu K. Is Timing Important? The Role of Diet and Lifestyle during Early Life on Colorectal Neoplasia. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2018; 14:1-11. [PMID: 30140177 PMCID: PMC6101255 DOI: 10.1007/s11888-018-0396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW To summarize the current evidence on the most important dietary and lifestyle factors in colorectal carcinogenesis during different stages of a lifetime with special emphasis on studies investigating exposure during childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. RECENT FINDINGS A number of studies showed that independent of adult obesity, higher body fatness during childhood, adolescence and young adulthood is associated with risk of colorectal cancer later in life. In one large cohort study, the Nurses' Health Study II, adherence to a western pattern diet during adolescence was associated with higher risk of advanced adenoma. The current evidence relating consumption of individual foods and nutrients as well as physical activity during early life to colorectal cancer is sparse and less consistent, at least in part due to limitations in study design, such as sample size, limited data on potential confounders or lack of a validated dietary assessment instrument. SUMMARY As colorectal carcinogenesis is a long process and can take up to several decades to develop, early life risk factors may also be etiologically relevant. The recent rise in early-onset colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in the US, i.e., in individuals younger than 55 years at diagnosis, strongly supports that early life risk factors may influence colorectal carcinogenesis. Considering that the majority of colorectal cancers are preventable, there is an urgent need for well-designed investigations on the role of diet and lifestyle factors throughout the life course and risk of colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Nimptsch
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center
for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ortega LS, Bradbury KE, Cross AJ, Morris JS, Gunter MJ, Murphy N. A Prospective Investigation of Body Size, Body Fat Composition and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the UK Biobank. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17807. [PMID: 29259258 PMCID: PMC5736687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been consistently associated with a greater colorectal cancer risk, but this relationship is weaker among women. In the UK Biobank, we investigated the associations between body size (body mass index [BMI], height, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio) and body fat composition (total body fat percentage and trunk fat percentage) measurements with colorectal cancer risk among 472,526 men and women followed for 5.6 years on average. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for developing colorectal cancer (2,636 incident cases) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Among men, when the highest and lowest fifths were compared, BMI (HR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.13-1.61; Ptrend < 0.0001), waist circumference (HR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.39-1.99; Ptrend < 0.0001), waist-to-hip ratio (HR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.31-1.91; Ptrend < 0.0001), total body fat percentage (HR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.06-1.53; Ptrend = 0.002), and trunk fat percentage (HR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.09-1.58; Ptrend = 0.002) were associated with greater colorectal cancer risk. For women, only waist-to-hip ratio (HR for highest versus lowest fifth = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.08-1.65; Ptrend = 0.005) was positively associated with colorectal cancer risk. Greater body size (overall and abdominal adiposity) was positively associated with colorectal cancer development in men. For women, abdominal adiposity, rather than overall body size, was associated with a greater colorectal cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Saldana Ortega
- Primary Care Clinical Trials Unit, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathryn E Bradbury
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amanda J Cross
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Neil Murphy
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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Aleksandrova K, Jenab M, Leitzmann M, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Kaaks R, Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Lagiou P, Rinaldi S, Freisling H, Carayol M, Pischon T, Drogan D, Weiderpass E, Jakszyn P, Overvad K, Dahm CC, Tjønneland A, Bouton-Ruault MC, Kühn T, Peppa E, Valanou E, La Vecchia C, Palli D, Panico S, Sacerdote C, Agnoli C, Tumino R, May A, van Vulpen J, Benjaminsen Borch K, Oluwafemi Oyeyemi S, Quirós JR, Bonet C, Sánchez MJ, Dorronsoro M, Navarro C, Barricarte A, van Guelpen B, Wennberg P, Key TJ, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Assi N, Ward HA, Aune D, Riboli E, Boeing H. Physical activity, mediating factors and risk of colon cancer: insights into adiposity and circulating biomarkers from the EPIC cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:1823-1835. [PMID: 29025032 PMCID: PMC6241846 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is convincing evidence that high physical activity lowers the risk of colon cancer; however, the underlying biological mechanisms remain largely unknown. We aimed to determine the extent to which body fatness and biomarkers of various biologically plausible pathways account for the association between physical activity and colon cancer. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study in a cohort of 519 978 men and women aged 25 to 70 years followed from 1992 to 2003. A total of 713 incident colon cancer cases were matched, using risk-set sampling, to 713 controls on age, sex, study centre, fasting status and hormonal therapy use. The amount of total physical activity during the past year was expressed in metabolic equivalent of task [MET]-h/week. Anthropometric measurements and blood samples were collected at study baseline. Results High physical activity was associated with a lower risk of colon cancer: relative risk ≥91 MET-h/week vs <91 MET-h/week = 0.75 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57 to 0.96]. In mediation analyses, this association was accounted for by waist circumference: proportion explained effect (PEE) = 17%; CI: 4% to 52%; and the biomarkers soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R): PEE = 15%; 95% CI: 1% to 50% and 5-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D): PEE = 30%; 95% CI: 12% to 88%. In combination, these factors explained 45% (95% CI: 20% to 125%) of the association. Beyond waist circumference, sOB-R and 25[OH]D additionally explained 10% (95% CI: 1%; 56%) and 23% (95% CI: 6%; 111%) of the association, respectively. Conclusions Promoting physical activity, particularly outdoors, and maintaining metabolic health and adequate vitamin D levels could represent a promising strategy for colon cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Nutrition, Immunity and Metabolism Start-up Lab, Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Michael Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division of Epidemiology, Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Bamia
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Heinz Freisling
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Marion Carayol
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Dagmar Drogan
- Quality and Health Services Research Unit, AOK Research Institute, Berlin, Germany (DD)
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Jakszyn
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christina C Dahm
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Bouton-Ruault
- Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team,F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France
- IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Tilman Kühn
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of clinical and experimental medicine-Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “M.P.Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Anne May
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht
| | - Jonna van Vulpen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht
| | - Kristin Benjaminsen Borch
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sunday Oluwafemi Oyeyemi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Catalina Bonet
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-José Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Granada.ibs), Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Miren Dorronsoro
- Epidemiology and Health Information, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Carmen Navarro
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Spain
- Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Patrik Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nada Assi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Heather A Ward
- Division of Epidemiology, Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Division of Epidemiology, Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elio Riboli
- Division of Epidemiology, Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
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Yosry A, Omran D, Yousef M, Salah M, Omar H, Hamdy S, Shaker O, Elsherif Y, Marie MS. SNPs in the Insulin-Like Growth Factor Gene and Obesity Impact on Colorectal Cancer in Egyptians. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2959-2964. [PMID: 29172265 PMCID: PMC5773777 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.11.2959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: The insulin pathway may play a role in development of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we investigated associations between CRC and obesity in Egyptians with reference to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) gene. We also studied serum levels of IGF-1in Egyptian CRC patients with different BMI values. Methods: This prospective study included 66 CRC patients and 30 healthy individuals, for whom body mass index (BMI) was estimated, patients and controls being categorized into overweight or obese in one group and average weight in the other. Serum levels of IGF-1 were assessed by ELISA and SNPs in the IGF-I gene at rs6214C/T, rs6220 T/C and rs35767 C/T were examined by PCR- RFLP. Results: Serum levels of IGF-1 were significantly lower in both CRC average weight and overweight cases. IGF-1 could negatively predict CRC at a cut-off of 154 ng/ml with 87.5% sensitivity and 72.6 specificity. IGF-1 rs6214 CT and TT (T allele) genotypes were associated with a significantly increased risk of CRC. Univariate logistic regression showed that CRC risk significantly decreases by 0.14 for each one unit increase in IGF1. Conclusion: BMI could be considered as effect modifier for CRC risk. IGF-1 SNP rs6214 (TT and CT) are significantly associated with risk regardless of the BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Yosry
- Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Wang F, Xu X, Yang J, Min L, Liang S, Chen Y. Height and lung cancer risk: A meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185316. [PMID: 28949980 PMCID: PMC5614604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between height and lung cancer risk has been investigated by epidemiological studies but the results are inconsistent. This meta-analysis was to evaluate whether the height is associated with lung cancer. METHODS We identified relevant articles by searching the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, and reviewed the reference lists of selected papers. A random effect model was used to calculate summary odds ratios (OR) and relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Publication bias was estimated using Egger's regression asymmetry test. RESULTS We included a total 16 studies (15 prospective studies and one case-control study) on adult height and lung cancer risk in the meta-analysis. Overall, per 10-cm height increases were associated with increased risk of lung cancer (RR 1.06; 95% CI 1.03-1.09, I2 = 43.6%). CONCLUSIONS In this meta-analysis, high adult height is related to increased lung cancer risk. Well-designed, large prospective studies are required to obtain a better indication of the relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Respiration, Clinical Medical School of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xingxiang Xu
- Department of Respiration, Clinical Medical School of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Junjun Yang
- Department of Respiration, Clinical Medical School of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lingfeng Min
- Department of Respiration, Clinical Medical School of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sudong Liang
- Department of Urology, Taizhou People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Medical School of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, China
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Doerstling SS, O'Flanagan CH, Hursting SD. Obesity and Cancer Metabolism: A Perspective on Interacting Tumor-Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors. Front Oncol 2017; 7:216. [PMID: 28959684 PMCID: PMC5604081 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk and poor prognosis of many types of cancers. Several obesity-related host factors involved in systemic metabolism can influence tumor initiation, progression, and/or response to therapy, and these have been implicated as key contributors to the complex effects of obesity on cancer incidence and outcomes. Such host factors include systemic metabolic regulators including insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, adipokines, inflammation-related molecules, and steroid hormones, as well as the cellular and structural components of the tumor microenvironment, particularly adipose tissue. These secreted and structural host factors are extrinsic to, and interact with, the intrinsic metabolic characteristics of cancer cells to influence their growth and spread. This review will focus on the interplay of these tumor cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the context of energy balance, with the objective of identifying new intervention targets for preventing obesity-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Doerstling
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ciara H O'Flanagan
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,University of North Carolina Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, United States
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45
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Onerup A, Angenete E, Bock D, Börjesson M, Fagevik Olsén M, Grybäck Gillheimer E, Skullman S, Thörn SE, Haglind E, Nilsson H. The effect of pre- and post-operative physical activity on recovery after colorectal cancer surgery (PHYSSURG-C): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:212. [PMID: 28482864 PMCID: PMC5422966 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-1949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Surgery for colorectal cancer is associated with a high risk of post-operative adverse events, re-operations and a prolonged post-operative recovery. Previously, the effect of prehabilitation (pre-operative physical activity) has been studied for different types of surgery, including colorectal surgery. However, the trials on colorectal surgery have been of limited methodological quality and size. The aim of this trial is to compare the effect of a combined pre- and post-operative intervention of moderate aerobic physical activity and inspiratory muscle training (IMT) with standard care on post-operative recovery after surgery for colorectal cancer. Methods/design We are conducting a randomised, controlled, parallel-group, open-label, multi-centre trial with physical recovery within 4 weeks after cancer surgery as the primary endpoint. Some 640 patients planned for surgery for colorectal cancer will be enrolled. The intervention consists of pre- and post-operative physical activity with increased daily aerobic activity of moderate intensity as well as IMT. In the control group, patients will be advised to continue their normal daily exercise routine. The primary outcome is patient-reported physical recovery 4 weeks post-operatively. Secondary outcomes are length of sick leave, complication rate and severity, length of hospital stay, re-admittances, re-operations, post-operative mental recovery, quality of life and mortality, as well as changes in insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, perception of pain and a health economic analysis. Discussion An increase in moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity is a safe, cheap and feasible intervention that would be possible to implement in standard care for patients with colorectal cancer. If shown to be effective, this lifestyle intervention could be a clinical parallel to pre-operative smoke cessation that has already been implemented with good clinical results. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02299596. Registered on 17 November 2014. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-1949-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Onerup
- Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group (SSORG), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Eva Angenete
- Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group (SSORG), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Bock
- Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group (SSORG), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Monika Fagevik Olsén
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Physical Therapy and Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elin Grybäck Gillheimer
- Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group (SSORG), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Sven-Egron Thörn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Haglind
- Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group (SSORG), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Nilsson
- Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group (SSORG), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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46
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Aleksandrova K, Schlesinger S, Fedirko V, Jenab M, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Freisling H, Romieu I, Pischon T, Kaaks R, Gunter MJ, Dahm CC, Overvad K, Rostgaard-Hansen AL, Tjønneland A, Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Lagiou P, Agnoli C, Mattiello A, Bradbury K, Khaw KT, Riboli E, Boeing H. Metabolic Mediators of the Association Between Adult Weight Gain and Colorectal Cancer: Data From the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 185:751-764. [PMID: 28387787 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that gaining weight in adult life is associated with an elevated risk of colorectal cancer; however, biological mechanisms that may explain this association remain unclear. We evaluated the mediation effect of 20 different biomarkers on the relationship between adult weight gain and colorectal cancer, using data from a prospective nested case-control study of 452 incident cases diagnosed between 1992 and 2003 and matched within risk sets to 452 controls within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. The proportions of mediated effects (%) were estimated on the basis of differences in percent effect changes in conditional logistic regression models with and without additional adjustment for individual biomarkers. Greater adult weight gain (≥300 g/year vs. <300 g/year) was associated with a higher risk of colon cancer (multivariable-adjusted relative risk = 1.54, 95% confidence interval: 1.07, 2.24) but not rectal cancer (relative risk = 1.07, 95% confidence interval: 0.68, 1.66). This association was accounted for mostly by attained waist circumference (reduction of 61%) and by the biomarkers soluble leptin receptor (reduction of 43%) and glycated hemoglobin (reduction of 28%). These novel data suggest that the observed association between adult weight gain and colon cancer could be primarily explained by attained abdominal fatness and biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction.
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47
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Tsujimoto T, Kajio H, Sugiyama T. Association between hyperinsulinemia and increased risk of cancer death in nonobese and obese people: A population-based observational study. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:102-111. [PMID: 28390156 PMCID: PMC5435954 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes are associated with cancer-related mortality. We assessed whether hyperinsulinemia is a risk factor for cancer death in nonobese people without diabetes. We conducted a prospective cohort study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2010 and followed up the participants until December 31, 2011. For the primary analysis of cancer mortality, we used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) in the participants with hyperinsulinemia and those without. Hyperinsulinemia was defined as a fasting insulin level of ≥10 μU/mL. To identify causes of deaths, the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes were used. This study included 9,778 participants aged 20 years or older without diabetes or a history of cancer: 6,718 nonobese participants (2,057 with hyperinsulinemia [30.6%]) and 3,060 obese participants (2,303 with hyperinsulinemia [75.3%]). A total of 99.9% completed follow-up. Among all study participants, cancer mortality was significantly higher in those with hyperinsulinemia than in those without hyperinsulinemia (adjusted HR 2.04, 95% CI 1.24-3.34, p = 0.005). Similarly, among nonobese participants, multivariable analysis showed that cancer mortality was significantly higher in those with hyperinsulinemia than in those without (adjusted HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.07-3.35, p = 0.02). Considering that nonobese people with hyperinsulinemia were at higher risk of cancer mortality than those without hyperinsulinemia, improvement of hyperinsulinemia may be an important approach for preventing cancer regardless of the presence or absence of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Tsujimoto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Center Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajio
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Center Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Sugiyama
- Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Public Health/Health Policy, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Gong Y, Zhang B, Liao Y, Tang Y, Mai C, Chen T, Tang H. Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis and the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040394. [PMID: 28420208 PMCID: PMC5409733 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and the risk of pancreatic cancer (PaC). Methods: We identified eligible studies in Medline and EMBASE databases (no reference trials from 2014 to 2016) in addition to the reference lists of original studies and review articles on this topic. A summary of relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated using a random-effects model. The heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Cochran Q and I2 statistics. Results: Ten studies (seven nested case-control studies and three retrospective case-control studies) were selected as they met our inclusion criteria in this meta-analysis. All these studies were published between 1997 and 2013. The current data suggested that serum concentrations of IGF-I, IGF-II and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3)in addition to the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio were not associated with an increased risk of PaC (Summary relative risks (SRRs) = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.67–1.16 for IGF-I; SRRs = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.54–1.15 for IGF-II; SRRs = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.69–1.17 for IGFBP-3; SRRs = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.71–1.23 for IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio). There was no publication bias in the present meta-analysis. Conclusion: Serum concentrations of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 as well as the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio were not associated with increased risk of PaC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital& Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China.
| | - Bingyi Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, the First People's Hospital of Yichang, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China.
| | - Yadi Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital& Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China.
| | - Yunqiang Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital& Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China.
| | - Cong Mai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital& Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China.
| | - Tiejun Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital& Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China.
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital& Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China.
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Um CY, Fedirko V, Flanders WD, Judd SE, Bostick RM. Associations of Calcium and Milk Product Intakes with Incident, Sporadic Colorectal Adenomas. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:416-427. [PMID: 28128980 PMCID: PMC6276115 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1274408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcium intake has been consistently, modestly inversely associated with colorectal neoplasms, and supplemental calcium reduced adenoma recurrence in clinical trials. Milk products are the major source of dietary calcium in the United States, but their associations with colorectal neoplasms are unclear. Data pooled from three colonoscopy-based case-control studies of incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma (n = 807 cases, 2,185 controls) were analyzed using multivariable unconditional logistic regression. Residuals from linear regression models of milk with dietary calcium were estimated as the noncalcium, insulin-like growth factor 1-containing component of milk. For total, dietary, and supplemental calcium intakes, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) comparing the highest to the lowest intake quintiles were 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69-1.30), 0.86 (CI 0.62-1.20), and 0.99 (CI 0.77-1.27), respectively. The corresponding ORs for consumption of total milk products, total milk, nonfat milk, total milk product residuals, and nonfat milk residuals were, respectively, 0.99, 0.90, 0.92, 0.94, and 0.95; all CIs included 1.0. For those who consumed any whole milk relative to those who consumed none, the OR was 1.15 (CI 0.89-1.49). These results are consistent with previous findings of modest inverse associations of calcium intakes with colorectal adenoma, but suggest that milk products may not be associated with adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Y. Um
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - W. Dana Flanders
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Suzanne E. Judd
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL
| | - Roberd M. Bostick
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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50
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Kayhan Tetik B, Yavuz AF, Ersoy R, Üstü Y, Uğurlu M, Çakır B. Premenapozal Kadınlarda Myoma Uteri Gelişimi Üzerine Visseral/Trunkal Yağ Oranının ve İnsülin Direncinin Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi. ANKARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.17098/amj.304663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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