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Di Maso M, Augustin LSA, Jenkins DJA, Crispo A, Toffolutti F, Negri E, La Vecchia C, Ferraroni M, Polesel J. Adherence to a Cholesterol-Lowering Diet and the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2508. [PMID: 39125388 PMCID: PMC11314520 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer risk has been associated with increased serum cholesterol level, which is in turn partially influenced by diet. This study aimed at evaluating the association between pancreatic cancer risk and the adherence to a plant-based cholesterol-lowering diet. METHODS Data were derived from an Italian case-control study including 258 pancreatic cancer patients and 551 controls. The cholesterol-lowering diet score was based on seven components: high intakes of (i) non-cellulosic polysaccharides (a proxy of viscous fibers), (ii) monounsaturated fatty acids, (iii) legumes, and (iv) seeds/corn oils (a proxy of phytosterols); and low intakes of (v) saturated fatty acids, (vi) dietary cholesterol, and (vii) food with a high glycemic index. The score was calculated adding one point for each fulfilled component, thus ranging from zero (no adherence) to seven (complete adherence). The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated through the logistic regression model. RESULTS Scores 5-7 were associated with reduced cancer risk (OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.18-0.52) compared to scores 0-2. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to a plant-based cholesterol-lowering diet was associated with a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Di Maso
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Department of Excellence 2023–2027, Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology “G.A. Maccacaro”, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 22, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Livia S. A. Augustin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS—“Fondazione G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola 1, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.S.A.A.); (A.C.)
| | - David J. A. Jenkins
- Departments of Nutritional Science and Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS—“Fondazione G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola 1, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.S.A.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Federica Toffolutti
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (F.T.); (J.P.)
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via P. Palagi 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Department of Excellence 2023–2027, Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology “G.A. Maccacaro”, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 22, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Monica Ferraroni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Department of Excellence 2023–2027, Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology “G.A. Maccacaro”, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 22, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.F.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (F.T.); (J.P.)
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Lyu J, Jiang M, Zhu Z, Wu H, Kang H, Hao X, Cheng S, Guo H, Shen X, Wu T, Chang J, Wang C. Identification of biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer by proteomic analysis in two prospective cohorts. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100561. [PMID: 38754433 PMCID: PMC11228889 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the deadliest malignancy due to late diagnosis. Aberrant alterations in the blood proteome might serve as biomarkers to facilitate early detection of PC. We designed a nested case-control study of incident PC based on a prospective cohort of 38,295 elderly Chinese participants with ∼5.7 years' follow-up. Forty matched case-control pairs passed the quality controls for the proximity extension assay of 1,463 serum proteins. With a lenient threshold of p < 0.005, we discovered regenerating family member 1A (REG1A), REG1B, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and phospholipase A2 group IB (PLA2G1B) in association with incident PC, among which the two REG1 proteins were replicated using the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project, with effect sizes increasing steadily as diagnosis time approaches the baseline. Mendelian randomization analysis further supported the potential causal effects of REG1 proteins on PC. Taken together, circulating REG1A and REG1B are promising biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for the early detection and prevention of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lyu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minghui Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziwei Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongji Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haonan Kang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingjie Hao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Shen
- Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jiang Chang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Chaolong Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Baoyindugurong J, Hou J, Ren Y, Li Y, Heshuote M, Hugejiletu, Ohara N, Naito Y, Tatematsu K. Lipase-catalyzed interesterification of Sunite sheep tail fat and flaxseed oil provides a fat having a unique fatty acid content and favorable physicochemical and nutritional properties. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:4443-4458. [PMID: 38873454 PMCID: PMC11167154 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to combine flaxseed oil (FO), rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA), with Sunite sheep tail fat (STF) through a lipase-catalyzed transesterification reaction, in order to produce an edible oil with a fatty acid ratio suitable for human needs. Initially, the optimal conditions for esterification were determined using the Box-Behnken design, with the measurement criterion being the content of ALA at the sn-2 position. The results indicated that the highest content of sn-2 ALA was obtained under the conditions of using 6.8 wt% Lipozyme®RMIM as the catalyst, a reaction temperature of 57°C, a reaction time of 3.3 h, and a substrate mass ratio of 5.6:4.4 for STF and FO. This led to the rapid breaking and recombining of molecular bonds, resulting in the interesterified fat (IF) with the highest content of ALA at the sn-2 position. Comparing STF and FO, IF exhibited excellent fatty acid composition and content. Furthermore, IF had a lower melting point and crystallization temperature compared to STF, and its solid fat content decreased with increasing temperature, completely melting at temperatures above 30°C. Thus, IF is a synthesized fat with excellent properties from both animal and vegetable sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Hua Baoyindugurong
- College of Food Science and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of BiomanufacturingHohhotChina
- Institute of Nutrition SciencesKagawa Nutrition UniversitySakadoSaitamaJapan
- School of Allied Health SciencesKitasato UniversitySagamiharaKanagawaJapan
| | - Jia‐Le Hou
- College of Food Science and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of BiomanufacturingHohhotChina
| | - Ya‐Nan Ren
- College of Food Science and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of BiomanufacturingHohhotChina
| | - Ya‐Wen Li
- College of Food Science and EngineeringInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of BiomanufacturingHohhotChina
| | - Mailisi Heshuote
- Crystal Pharmatech, Inc.CranburyNew JerseyUSA
- Columbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Hugejiletu
- Inner Mongolia Hesge Green Industry Import and Export Co., LtdXilingolChina
| | - Naoki Ohara
- College of PharmacyKinjo Gakuin UniversityNagoyaAichiJapan
| | - Yukiko Naito
- School of Allied Health SciencesKitasato UniversitySagamiharaKanagawaJapan
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Teng C, Ren R, Liu Z, Wang J, Shi S, Kang YE, Koo BS, Lu W, Shan Y. C15:0 and C17:0 partially mediate the association of milk and dairy products with bladder cancer risk. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2586-2605. [PMID: 38056566 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between saturated fatty acids (SFA) and bladder cancer (BC) risk has been conflicting. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between erythrocyte membrane SFA and BC risk. A total of 404 participants were enrolled in the study (including 112 cases and 292 controls). A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the food intake. The constitutive composition of fatty acids in the erythrocyte membrane was measured by gas chromatography. After adjustment for BC risk factors, SFA had no significant association with BC risk. However, C18:0 was positively linked with BC risk with an odds ratio (OR; 95% CI) of 2.99 (1.37-6.53). In contrast, very-long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLCSFA), especially C24:0, were negatively related to BC risk with an OR (95% CI) of 0.28 (0.12-0.65) for VLCSFA and 0.33 (0.15-0.75) for C24:0. Higher total odd-chain SFA (C15:0 and C17:0) were associated with a lower risk of BC with OR (95% CI) of 0.18 (0.076-0.44), 0.18 (0.068-0.47), 0.34 (0.14-0.81), respectively. After subgroup analysis, the protective effects C15:0 and C17:0 were still remained. Receiver operating characteristic analysis displayed that the combination of C15:0 and C17:0 indexes increased the accurate predictive rate of BC risk. Further mediation effect analysis showed that C15:0 and C17:0 could be used as partial mediation effectors for milk and dairy products and bladder carcinogenesis. Overall, the combination of odd-chain SFA (C15:0 and C17:0) in the erythrocyte membrane could serve as a reliable mediator and predictor, indicating a relationship between a high intake of milk and dairy products and a lower risk of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Teng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Rui Ren
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Southern Zhejiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shengchao Shi
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Seok Koo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Weihong Lu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Yujuan Shan
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Southern Zhejiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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Mei J, Qian M, Hou Y, Liang M, Chen Y, Wang C, Zhang J. Association of saturated fatty acids with cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:32. [PMID: 38291432 PMCID: PMC10826095 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extensive research has explored the link between saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and cardiovascular diseases, alongside other biological dysfunctions. Yet, their association with cancer risk remains a topic of debate among scholars. The present study aimed to elucidate this association through a robust meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched systematically to identify relevant studies published until December 2023. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used as the primary metric for evaluating the quality of the included studies. Further, fixed- or random-effects models were adopted to determine the ORs and the associated confidence intervals using the Stata15.1 software. The subsequent subgroup analysis revealed the source of detection and the cancer types, accompanied by sensitivity analyses and publication bias evaluations. RESULTS The meta-analysis incorporated 55 studies, comprising 38 case-control studies and 17 cohort studies. It revealed a significant positive correlation between elevated levels of total SFAs and the cancer risk (OR of 1.294; 95% CI: 1.182-1.416; P-value less than 0.001). Moreover, elevated levels of C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0 were implicated in the augmentation of the risk of cancer. However, no statistically significant correlation of the risk of cancer was observed with the elevated levels of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C15:0, C17:0, C20:0, C22:0, and C24:0. Subgroup analysis showed a significant relationship between excessive dietary SFA intake, elevated blood SFA levels, and heightened cancer risk. Increased total SFA levels correlated with higher risks of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers, but not with lung, pancreatic, ovarian, or stomach cancers. CONCLUSION High total SFA levels were correlated with an increased cancer risk, particularly affecting breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers. Higher levels of specific SFA subtypes (C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0) are also linked to an increased cancer risk. The findings of the present study would assist in providing dietary recommendations for cancer prevention, thereby contributing to the development of potential strategies for clinical trials in which diet-related interventions would be used in combination with immunotherapy to alter the levels of SFAs in patients and thereby improve the outcomes in cancer patients. Nonetheless, further high-quality studies are warranted to confirm these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Mei
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Meiyu Qian
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Yanting Hou
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Maodi Liang
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Cuizhe Wang
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.
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Bishop CA, Machate T, Henkel J, Schulze MB, Klaus S, Piepelow K. Heptadecanoic Acid Is Not a Key Mediator in the Prevention of Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:2052. [PMID: 37432205 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies found that the intake of dairy products is associated with an increased amount of circulating odd-chain fatty acids (OCFA, C15:0 and C17:0) in humans and further indicate that especially C17:0 is associated with a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes. However, causal relationships are not elucidated. To provide a mechanistic link, mice were fed high-fat (HF) diets supplemented with either milk fat or C17:0 for 20 weeks. Cultured primary mouse hepatocytes were used to distinguish differential effects mediated by C15:0 or C17:0. Despite an induction of OCFA after both dietary interventions, neither long-term milk fat intake nor C17:0 supplementation improved diet-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance in mice. HF feeding with milk fat actually deteriorates liver inflammation. Treatment of primary hepatocytes with C15:0 and C17:0 suppressed JAK2/STAT3 signaling, but only C15:0 enhanced insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of AKT. Overall, the data indicate that the intake of milk fat and C17:0 do not mediate health benefits, whereas C15:0 might be promising in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Bishop
- Department Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tina Machate
- Department Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Janin Henkel
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Bayreuth, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
- Department Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Susanne Klaus
- Department Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karolin Piepelow
- Department Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
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Kim HY, Moon JY, Cho SK. Heptadecanoic Acid, an Odd-Chain Fatty Acid, Induces Apoptosis and Enhances Gemcitabine Chemosensitivity in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. J Med Food 2023; 26:201-210. [PMID: 36716276 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.k.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Odd-chain saturated fatty acids generally serve as specific biomarkers of dietary components and dairy intake, some of which have anticancer properties. This study was performed to assess the anticancer effects of heptadecanoic acid (HDNA) in human pancreatic carcinoma cells. MTT (thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide) assay showed that HDNA exerted stronger cytotoxic effects than pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1), and linoleic acid (18:2) on both Panc-1 and MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, HDNA reduced colony formation and induced apoptosis in these pancreatic cancer cells as indicated by Hoechst 33342 staining, Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, cell cycle analysis, and Western blotting analysis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, HDNA synergistically reduced cell viability and promoted apoptosis when combined with gemcitabine (GEM), a chemotherapeutic agent commonly used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. GEM-resistant MIA PaCa-2 (GR-MIA PaCa-2) cells with a resistance indices (RI) value of 215.09 [RI = half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of GR-MIA PaCa-2 cells/IC50 of MIA PaCa-2 cells] were established, and the efficacy of HDNA on GEM chemosensitivity was confirmed. Surprisingly, HDNA exhibited even higher antiproliferative efficacy against GR-MIA PaCa-2 cells (IC50 = 71.45 ± 6.37 μM) than parental MIA PaCa-2 cells (IC50 = 77.47 ± 2.10 μM). Finally, HDNA treatment inhibited the Hippo pathway and induced apoptosis of GR-MIA PaCa-2 cells. These findings suggest the beneficial effects of a HDNA-rich diet during pancreatic cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jeong Yong Moon
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Somi Kim Cho
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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Liu X, Chen L, Fei Z, Zhao SK, Zhu Y, Xia T, Dai J, Rahman ML, Wu J, Weir NL, Tsai MY, Zhang C. Physical activity and individual plasma phospholipid SFAs in pregnancy: a longitudinal study in a multiracial/multiethnic cohort in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:1729-1737. [PMID: 36373403 PMCID: PMC9761740 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating individual SFAs in pregnant females are critical for maternal and fetal health. However, research on identifying their modifiable factors is limited. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the associations of total physical activity (PA) and types of PA with circulating individual SFAs during pregnancy in a multiracial/multiethnic cohort of pregnant females in the United States. METHODS The study included participants in a nested case-control study (n = 321) from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton Cohort. Sampling weights were applied, so the results represented the entire Fetal Growth Cohort. Plasma phospholipid SFAs were measured at 4 visits [10-14 (visit 1), 15-26 (visit 2), 23-31 (visit 3), and 33-39 (visit 4) weeks of gestation] throughout pregnancy. PA of the previous year at visit 1 and since the previous visit at the subsequent visits was assessed using the validated Pregnancy PA Questionnaire. Time-specific and longitudinal associations were examined using multivariable linear and generalized estimating equation models. RESULTS Total PA (metabolic equivalent of task-h/wk) was positively associated with circulating heptadecanoic acid (17:0) at visit 1 (β × 103: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.11) and pentadecanoic acid (15:0) at visit 3 (β × 103: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.14) independent of sociodemographic, reproductive, pregnancy, and dietary factors. Across the 4 visits, the positive associations with total PA were consistent for pentadecanoic acid (β × 103: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.10) and heptadecanoic acid (β × 103: 0.10; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.14). Out of the 4 PA types (i.e., sports/exercise, household/caregiving, transportation, and occupational PA) considered, the magnitude of positive associations was the largest for sports/exercise PA. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that maternal PA is positively associated with circulating pentadecanoic and heptadecanoic acids. The findings warrant confirmation by future studies.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00912132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhe Fei
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sifang K Zhao
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yeyi Zhu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Tong Xia
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jin Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad L Rahman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natalie L Weir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Global Center for Asian Women's Health, Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity & Equality (ACRLE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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9
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Fan Y, Qiu Y, Wang J, Chen Q, Wang S, Wang Y, Li Y, Weng Y, Qian J, Chen F, Wang J, Shi B, Pan L, Lin L, He B, Liu F. Association Between Dietary Fatty Acid Pattern and Risk of Oral Cancer. Front Nutr 2022; 9:864098. [PMID: 35651512 PMCID: PMC9149618 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.864098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the association between dietary fatty acid (FA) patterns and the risk of oral cancer. Method A case-control study which included 446 patients with oral cancer and 448 controls subjects was conducted in Southeast China. A structured food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the dietary FA consumption before cancer diagnosis. FA patterns were identified using the principal component analysis, and the relationship between the dietary FA patterns and oral cancer was analyzed by logistic regression. Results General differences in FA intake were observed between the patient and control groups. The intakes of saturated FAs (SFAs) C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, and monounsaturated FA C18:1 were higher in the patient group than the control group (p < 0.001). Four FA patterns were derived by principal component analysis. The "SFA" pattern, "Polyunsaturated FA" pattern, "Monounsaturated FA" pattern, and "Medium- and long-chain FA" pattern, which could explain 75.7% of the variance of the dietary FA intake, were submitted to logistic regression analysis. A positive association was observed between the "SFA" pattern and oral cancer risk. Compared with the lowest quartile score, the OR of the highest quartile score was 3.71 (95%CI: 2.31, 5.94, P trend < 0.001) in the multivariate logistic regression model. No significant association was found among the other three patterns and oral cancer risk. Conclusions General differences in dietary FA intake were observed between patients with oral cancer and controls. A positive association between the "SFA" pattern and risk of oral cancer was observed after adjusting for potential confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Sijie Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Yanni Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Yanfeng Weng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Jiawen Qian
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Fa Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory Center, School of Public Health, The Major Subject of Environment and Health of Fujian Key Universities, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Lizhen Pan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Lisong Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Baochang He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Fengqiong Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
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10
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Kumar S, Santos RJ, McGuigan AJ, Singh U, Johnson P, Kunzmann AT, Turkington RC. The Role of Circulating Protein and Metabolite Biomarkers in the Development of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1090-1102. [PMID: 34810209 PMCID: PMC9377754 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis, and this is attributed to it being diagnosed at an advanced stage. Understanding the pathways involved in initial development may improve early detection strategies. This systematic review assessed the association between circulating protein and metabolite biomarkers and PDAC development. METHODS A literature search until August 2020 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science was performed. Studies were included if they assessed circulating blood, urine, or salivary biomarkers and their association with PDAC risk. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to calculate pooled relative risk. RESULTS A total of 65 studies were included. Higher levels of glucose were found to be positively associated with risk of developing PDAC [n = 4 studies; pooled relative risk (RR): 1.61; 95% CI: 1.16-2.22]. Additionally, an inverse association was seen with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) levels (n = 4 studies; RR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.44-0.87). Meta-analyses showed no association between levels of C-peptide, members of the insulin growth factor signaling pathway, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and folate/homocysteine and PDAC risk. Four individual studies also reported a suggestive positive association of branched-chain amino acids with PDAC risk, but due to differences in measures reported, a meta-analysis could not be performed. CONCLUSIONS Our pooled analysis demonstrates that higher serum glucose levels and lower levels of PLP are associated with risk of PDAC. IMPACT Glucose and PLP levels are associated with PDAC risk. More prospective studies are required to identify biomarkers for early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Kumar
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Ralph J. Santos
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. McGuigan
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Urvashi Singh
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Johnson
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew T. Kunzmann
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C. Turkington
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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11
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Pherez-Farah A, López-Sánchez RDC, Villela-Martínez LM, Ortiz-López R, Beltrán BE, Hernández-Hernández JA. Sphingolipids and Lymphomas: A Double-Edged Sword. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2051. [PMID: 35565181 PMCID: PMC9104519 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphomas are a highly heterogeneous group of hematological neoplasms. Given their ethiopathogenic complexity, their classification and management can become difficult tasks; therefore, new approaches are continuously being sought. Metabolic reprogramming at the lipid level is a hot topic in cancer research, and sphingolipidomics has gained particular focus in this area due to the bioactive nature of molecules such as sphingoid bases, sphingosine-1-phosphate, ceramides, sphingomyelin, cerebrosides, globosides, and gangliosides. Sphingolipid metabolism has become especially exciting because they are involved in virtually every cellular process through an extremely intricate metabolic web; in fact, no two sphingolipids share the same fate. Unsurprisingly, a disruption at this level is a recurrent mechanism in lymphomagenesis, dissemination, and chemoresistance, which means potential biomarkers and therapeutical targets might be hiding within these pathways. Many comprehensive reviews describing their role in cancer exist, but because most research has been conducted in solid malignancies, evidence in lymphomagenesis is somewhat limited. In this review, we summarize key aspects of sphingolipid biochemistry and discuss their known impact in cancer biology, with a particular focus on lymphomas and possible therapeutical strategies against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Pherez-Farah
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Mario Villela-Martínez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales 80030, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Hospital Fernando Ocaranza, ISSSTE, Hermosillo 83190, Sonora, Mexico
- Centro Médico Dr. Ignacio Chávez, ISSSTESON, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Rocío Ortiz-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Brady E Beltrán
- Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima 15072, Peru
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima 1801, Peru
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12
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Mai S, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I. Pancreatic Cancer and Platelets Crosstalk: A Potential Biomarker and Target. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:749689. [PMID: 34858977 PMCID: PMC8631477 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.749689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets have been recognized as key players in hemostasis, thrombosis, and cancer. Preclinical and clinical researches evidenced that tumorigenesis and metastasis can be promoted by platelets through a wide variety of crosstalk between cancer cells and platelets. Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the relationship between pancreatic cancer and platelets in clinical diagnosis is described, the interplay between pancreatic cancer and platelets, the underlying pathological mechanism and pathways remain a matter of intensive study. This review summaries recent researches in connections between platelets and pancreatic cancer. The existing data showed different underlying mechanisms were involved in their complex crosstalk. Typically, pancreatic tumor accelerates platelet aggregation which forms thrombosis. Furthermore, extracellular vesicles released by platelets promote communication in a neoplastic microenvironment and illustrate how these interactions drive disease progression. We also discuss the advantages of novel model organoids in pancreatic cancer research. A more in-depth understanding of tumor and platelets crosstalk which is based on organoids and translational therapies may provide potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshan Mai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Iwona Inkielewicz-Stepniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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13
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Abdoul-Aziz SKA, Zhang Y, Wang J. Milk Odd and Branched Chain Fatty Acids in Dairy Cows: A Review on Dietary Factors and Its Consequences on Human Health. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3210. [PMID: 34827941 PMCID: PMC8614267 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the importance of odd and branched chain fatty acids (OBCFAs) and dietary factors that may affect the content of milk OBCFAs in dairy cows. Historically, OBCFAs in cow milk had little significance due to their low concentrations compared to other milk fatty acids (FAs). The primary source of OBCFAs is ruminal bacteria. In general, FAs and OBCFAs profile in milk is mainly affected by dietary FAs and FAs metabolism in the rumen. Additionally, lipid mobilization in the body and FAs metabolism in mammary glands affect the milk OBCFAs profile. In cows, supplementation with fat rich in linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid decrease milk OBCFAs content, whereas supplementation with marine algae or fish oil increase milk OBCFAs content. Feeding more forage rather than concentrate increases the yield of some OBCFAs in milk. A high grass silage rate in the diet may increase milk total OBCFAs. In contrast to saturated FAs, OBCFAs have beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes. Furthermore, OBCFAs may have anti-cancer properties and prevent Alzheimer's disease and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China; (S.K.A.A.-A.); (Y.Z.)
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14
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Li D, Zheng J, Hatia R, Hassan M, Daniel CR. Dietary Intake of Fatty Acids and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Case-Control Study. J Nutr 2021; 152:439-447. [PMID: 34665254 PMCID: PMC8826846 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological findings on dietary fat intake and risk of pancreatic cancer (PanC) are inconsistent. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the association between types of dietary fat intake and PanC. METHODS We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in 957 pathologically confirmed PanC cases and 938 cancer-free controls. Cases and controls were frequency matched by age, sex, and race. Dietary information was collected using a self-administered validated FFQ. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the ORs and 95% CIs of PanC risk by quintiles of fat intake with the lowest quintile as referent and with adjustment for other risk factors and dietary factors. RESULTS We observed no difference in (median) intake of total fat standardized for energy among cases versus controls. The multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI) of the highest versus the lowest quintile of intake (ORQ5 compared with Q1) was 2.51 (1.68-3.72) for fat from animal sources and 0.41 (0.29-0.58) for fat from plant sources. Intakes of total MUFA, total PUFA, and linoleic (n-6) and long chain n-3 fatty acids were inversely associated with PanC (ORQ5 compared with Q1 and 95% CI: 0.55 [0.36-0.82], 0.59 [0.42-0.82], 0.64 [0.43-0.84], and 0.60 [0.42-0.84], respectively). Arachidonic acid (n-6) and several SFAs were positively associated with PanC. CONCLUSION Although some observed associations with pancreatic cancer risk could be explained by reverse causation, the potential protective associations with intakes of largely plant-derived PUFAs and MUFAs and fish-derived long chain n-3 PUFAs warrant further prospective investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiali Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rikita Hatia
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manal Hassan
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carrie R Daniel
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Turati F, Rossi M, Mattioli V, Bravi F, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Diabetes risk reduction diet and the risk of pancreatic cancer. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:309-316. [PMID: 34338866 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the role of a diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) on pancreatic cancer risk. METHODS We used data from a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Italy between 1991 and 2008; the study included 326 incident pancreatic cancer cases and 652 controls matched by age, gender and study center. Subjects' usual diet was collected through a valid and reproducible food frequency questionnaire. A DRRD score was derived from 8 dietary components: cereal fiber, total fruit, coffee, polyunsaturated to saturated fats ratio and nuts (higher score for higher intake), and dietary glycemic index, red/processed meat and sugar-sweetened beverages/fruit juices (higher score for lower intake). The score ranged 8-37, with higher values indicating greater DRRD adherence. Odds ratios (ORs) of pancreatic cancer according to the DRRD score were estimated using multiple conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS After allowance for confounding factors, the DRRD score was inversely related to pancreatic cancer risk, with ORs of 0.55 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.38-0.80) for the highest versus the lowest score tertile (p for trend across tertiles = 0.002) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.75-0.95) for a 3-point score increment. The exclusion of diabetic subjects and additional adjustment for vegetable intake did not change the results. Inverse associations were observed in subgroups defined by age, gender, education, body mass index, smoking and total energy intake. CONCLUSION Study findings suggest a protective role of high adherence to a DRRD on pancreatic cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Turati
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Biometry, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori Di Milano, via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marta Rossi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Mattioli
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Francesca Bravi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Humanities, Pegaso Online University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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16
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Michels N, Specht IO, Heitmann BL, Chajès V, Huybrechts I. Dietary trans-fatty acid intake in relation to cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:758-776. [PMID: 34104953 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Apart from ruminant fat, trans-fatty acids are produced during the partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils, (eg, in the production of ultraprocessed foods). Harmful cardiovascular effects of trans-fatty acids are already proven, but the link with cancer risk has not yet been summarized. OBJECTIVE A systematic review (following PRISMA guidelines) - including observational studies on the association of trans-fatty acid intake with any cancer risk - was conducted, with no limitations on population types. DATA SOURCES The electronic databases PubMed and Embase were searched to identify relevant studies. DATA EXTRACTION This systematic review included 46 articles. Quality was assessed via the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analyses were conducted if at least 4 articles exploring the same transfat-cancer pairings were found. DATA ANALYSIS Nineteen cancer types have been researched in cohort and case-control studies on trans-fatty acids, with breast cancer (n = 17), prostate cancer (n = 11), and colorectal cancer (n = 9) as the most researched. The meta-analyses on total trans-fat showed a significant positive association for prostate cancer (odds ratio [OR] 1.49; 95%CI, 1.13-1.95) and colorectal cancer (OR 1.26; 95%CI, 1.08-1.46) but not for breast cancer (OR 1.12; 95%CI, 0.99-1.26), ovarian cancer (OR 1.10; 95%CI, 0.94-1.28), or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (OR 1.32; 95%CI, 0.99-1.76). Results were dependent on the fatty acid subtype, with even cancer-protective associations for some partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. Enhancing moderators in the positive transfat-cancer relation were gender (direction was cancer-site specific), European ancestry, menopause, older age, and overweight. CONCLUSION Despite heterogeneity, higher risk of prostate and colorectal cancer by high consumption of trans-fatty acids was found. Future studies need methodological improvements (eg, using long-term follow-up cancer data and intake biomarkers). Owing to the lack of studies testing trans-fatty acid subtypes in standardized ways, it is not clear which subtypes (eg, ruminant sources) are more carcinogenic. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018105899.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ina Olmer Specht
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veronique Chajès
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Lyon, France
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Lyon, France
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17
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Pancreatic cancer cachexia: three dimensions of a complex syndrome. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1623-1636. [PMID: 33742145 PMCID: PMC8110983 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome that is characterised by a loss of skeletal muscle mass, is commonly associated with adipose tissue wasting and malaise, and responds poorly to therapeutic interventions. Although cachexia can affect patients who are severely ill with various malignant or non-malignant conditions, it is particularly common among patients with pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer often leads to the development of cachexia through a combination of distinct factors, which, together, explain its high prevalence and clinical importance in this disease: systemic factors, including metabolic changes and pathogenic signals related to the tumour biology of pancreatic adenocarcinoma; factors resulting from the disruption of the digestive and endocrine functions of the pancreas; and factors related to the close anatomical and functional connection of the pancreas with the gut. In this review, we conceptualise the various insights into the mechanisms underlying pancreatic cancer cachexia according to these three dimensions to expose its particular complexity and the challenges that face clinicians in trying to devise therapeutic interventions.
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18
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Wirkus J, Ead AS, Mackenzie GG. Impact of dietary fat composition and quantity in pancreatic carcinogenesis: Recent advances and controversies. Nutr Res 2020; 88:1-18. [PMID: 33607535 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A significant number of pancreatic cancer cases are due to modifiable risk factors, with many being attributed to increased body fatness. This has sparked investigators to examine the role played by high dietary fat intake in pancreatic cancer development and the mechanisms driving this connection. However, there is currently no consensus on how dietary fat quantity and composition specifically affect pancreatic carcinogenesis. The objective of this narrative review is to discuss the link between high total fat consumption and fatty acid composition (saturated, mono-, or poly-unsaturated fats) with pancreatic cancer incidence and progression. Following our detailed analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of recent preclinical and human studies, we discuss existing research gaps and opportunities, and provide recommendations for future studies. Numerous studies suggest that diets high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with reduced pancreatic cancer risk. However, the current evidence appears insufficient for a general conclusion regarding the impact of other types of fat in pancreatic carcinogenesis, with many studies providing inconclusive findings due to study limitations. Thus, we recommend future studies to include detailed methodology of the animal experiments, not limited to the diet composition, type of ingredients, formulations, and administration of the diets. Moreover, human studies should include a diverse population and well-characterized biomarkers for accurate determination of dietary fat intake. Ultimately, this will aid the study rigor, and improve our understanding of the impact of fat quantity and composition in pancreatic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wirkus
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis. One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Aya S Ead
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis. One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gerardo G Mackenzie
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis. One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Hori A, Ishida F, Nakazawa H, Yamaura M, Morita S, Uehara T, Honda T, Hidaka H. Serum sphingomyelin species profile is altered in hematologic malignancies. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 514:29-33. [PMID: 33279503 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) plays key roles in regulating cell membrane fluidity and in intracellular signal transduction. However, little is known as to whether alterations in SM concentration or SM species distribution are linked pathological conditions. The present study examined SM concentrations and species profiles in serum taken from patients with hematologic malignancies. Serum was collected from normal subjects and from patients with B-cell lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphatic leukemia/ lymphoblastic lymphoma (ALL/LBL). Serum SM species distribution was analyzed using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry/ mass spectrometry (ESI MS/MS). Serum lipids concentration were measured using enzymatic assays. Normal and hematologic malignancy sera were similar in terms of total serum SM and phosphatidylcholine (PC) concentrations and SM/PC ratio. However, all hematologic malignancy sera had lower levels of SM species containing saturated odd chain fatty acids (OCFAs) in the side chain compared to normal serum. In addition, the proportion of SM species with saturated (C20 and C22) and mono unsaturated fatty acids (C18, C20, C22) were lower in MDS patient serum compared to normal serum. The present study revealed that the serum SM species profile in patients with hematologic malignancies differed from that of normal subjects despite total serum SM and PC concentrations and SM/PC ratios being similar between the various cancer groups and the normal group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hori
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Japan; Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Ishida
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakazawa
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamaura
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Sunao Morita
- Department of Medical Technology, Iida Municipal Hospital, Iida, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Honda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroya Hidaka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan.
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20
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Chen Q, Wang J, Wang J, Lin J, Chen L, Lin LS, Pan LZ, Shi B, Qiu Y, Zheng XY, Chen F, He BC, Liu FQ. Erythrocyte ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are inversely associated with the risk of oral cancer: a case-control study. Nutr Diabetes 2020; 10:35. [PMID: 32989214 PMCID: PMC7522234 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-020-00140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence about ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) and oral cancer risk were limited. We aimed to evaluate the association of erythrocyte ω-3 PUFAs with the risk of oral cancer in a population from China. METHODS Erythrocyte ω-3 PUFAs of 236 oral cancer patients and 300 controls were determined by gas chromatography. Restricted cubic spline and logistic regression were used to analyze the association between erythrocyte ω-3 PUFAs and oral cancer risk. The crude and adjusted OR with 95% CI was calculated. Stratification analysis was performed to explore the potential interaction between ω-3 PUFAs and other traditional risk factors such as smoking and drinking. RESULTS Eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA), docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) and ω-3 index were negatively but non-linearly related to risk of oral cancer as observed by restricted cubic spline. The adjusted OR of EPA, DHA, and ω-3 index were 0.52 (95% CI: 0.35-0.76), 0.19 (95% CI: 0.08-0.44), 0.20 (95% CI: 0.09-0.44), respectively. Stratification analysis showed that the adverse correlation between EPA and oral cancer was only significant in the non-smoking group, while the adverse correlation of ɑ-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA, and DHA were only significant in the non-drinking group. General multiplicative interactions were observed between ω-3 PUFAs and smoking or drinking. CONCLUSIONS Adverse but non-linear associations were observed between erythrocyte EPA, DHA, ω-3 index, and oral cancer risk. Additionally, there were multiplicative interactions between ω-3 PUFAs and other behavior factors such as smoking and drinking. The protective effect of ω-3 PUFAs maybe more significant in the non-smoking or non-drinking population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory Center, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Song Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Zhen Pan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fa Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bao-Chang He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng-Qiong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Ghamarzad Shishavan N, Mohamadkhani A, Ghajarieh Sepanlou S, Masoudi S, Sharafkhah M, Poustchi H, Hekmatdoost A, Pourshams A. Circulating plasma fatty acids and risk of pancreatic cancer: Results from the Golestan Cohort Study. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:1897-1904. [PMID: 33023764 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic cancer (PC) with a dismal prognosis is considered as a fatal malignancy, attracting the scientists' attention to study its causes and pathogenesis pathways. Given the lack of enough evidence and conflicting findings about the association of PC risk with plasma fatty acids, we aimed to explore the associations of circulating plasma fatty acids with the risk of PC in a cohort study. METHODS From about 50,000 subjects participated in this cohort study in 2004-2008, fifty incident cases of PC were recruited and 150 controls matched by age, sex and residence place (urban/rural) were randomly selected. The plasma fatty acids composition was measured by gas chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) in plasma samples collected at the baseline of cohort study. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate OR (with 95% CI) of PC risk associated with plasma levels of fatty acids considering known potential risk factors for PC. RESULTS Our findings showed that total saturated fatty acids and total industrial trans fats were not associated with the risk of PC; whereas, statistically significant inverse associations were found between high plasma levels of total mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), omega-3 and ruminant trans fatty acids with the risk of PC [ORQ1-Q4 = 0.31 (0.11-0.89), OR Q2-Q1 = 0.30 (0.10-0.91) and ORQ2-Q1 = 0.15 (0.04-0.49), respectively]. Omega-6 fatty acids especially high plasma levels of Arachidonic acid was positively associated with the risk of PC [ORQ1-Q3 = 11.07 (3.50-35.02)]. CONCLUSION Except for the plasma circulating whole fats, the levels of different classes of fats may significantly change pancreatic cancer susceptibility. Unsaturated fatty acids including omega-3-PUFA and MUFA are considered as protective biomarkers in PC prevention. On the contrary, omega-6-fatty acids are positively associated with the risk of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Ghamarzad Shishavan
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Mohamadkhani
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Ghajarieh Sepanlou
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Masoudi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sharafkhah
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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N-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Cancer: Accumulating Evidence from Prospective Studies. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092523. [PMID: 32825393 PMCID: PMC7551408 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on the association between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and cancer have focused on n-3 PUFAs. To investigate the association between intake or blood levels of n-6 PUFAs and cancer, we searched the PubMed and Embase databases up to March 2020 and conducted a meta-analysis. A total of 70 articles were identified. High blood levels of n-6 PUFAs were associated with an 8% lower risk of all cancers (relative risk (RR) = 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86-0.98) compared to low blood levels of n-6 PUFAs. In the subgroup analyses by cancer site, type of n-6 PUFAs, and sex, the inverse associations were strong for breast cancer (RR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.77-0.98), linoleic acid (LA) (RR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.82-1.00), and women (RR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.79-0.97). In the dose-response analysis, a 2% and 3% decrease in the risk of cancer was observed with a 5% increase in blood levels of n-6 PUFAs and LA, respectively. Thus, there was no significant association between n-6 PUFA intake and the risk of cancer. The pooled RR of cancer for the highest versus lowest category of n-6 PUFA intake was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.99-1.05). Evidence from prospective studies indicated that intake of n-6 PUFAs was not significantly associated with risk of cancer, but blood levels of n-6 PUFAs were inversely associated with risk of cancer.
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23
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Bojková B, Winklewski PJ, Wszedybyl-Winklewska M. Dietary Fat and Cancer-Which Is Good, Which Is Bad, and the Body of Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114114. [PMID: 32526973 PMCID: PMC7312362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) induces changes in gut microbiota leading to activation of pro-inflammatory pathways, and obesity, as a consequence of overnutrition, exacerbates inflammation, a known risk factor not only for cancer. However, experimental data showed that the composition of dietary fat has a greater impact on the pathogenesis of cancer than the total fat content in isocaloric diets. Similarly, human studies did not prove that a decrease in total fat intake is an effective strategy to combat cancer. Saturated fat has long been considered as harmful, but the current consensus is that moderate intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), including palmitic acid (PA), does not pose a health risk within a balanced diet. In regard to monounsaturated fat, plant sources are recommended. The consumption of plant monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), particularly from olive oil, has been associated with lower cancer risk. Similarly, the replacement of animal MUFAs with plant MUFAs decreased cancer mortality. The impact of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on cancer risk depends on the ratio between ω-6 and ω-3 PUFAs. In vivo data showed stimulatory effects of ω-6 PUFAs on tumour growth while ω-3 PUFAs were protective, but the results of human studies were not as promising as indicated in preclinical reports. As for trans FAs (TFAs), experimental data mostly showed opposite effects of industrially produced and natural TFAs, with the latter being protective against cancer progression, but human data are mixed, and no clear conclusion can be made. Further studies are warranted to establish the role of FAs in the control of cell growth in order to find an effective strategy for cancer prevention/treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Bojková
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Pawel J. Winklewski
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Pomeranian University of Slupsk, 76-200 Slupsk, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-58-3491515
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Efficacy of dietary odd-chain saturated fatty acid pentadecanoic acid parallels broad associated health benefits in humans: could it be essential? Sci Rep 2020; 10:8161. [PMID: 32424181 PMCID: PMC7235264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary odd-chain saturated fatty acids (OCFAs) are present in trace levels in dairy fat and some fish and plants. Higher circulating concentrations of OCFAs, pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), are associated with lower risks of cardiometabolic diseases, and higher dietary intake of OCFAs is associated with lower mortality. Population-wide circulating OCFA levels, however, have been declining over recent years. Here, we show C15:0 as an active dietary fatty acid that attenuates inflammation, anemia, dyslipidemia, and fibrosis in vivo, potentially by binding to key metabolic regulators and repairing mitochondrial function. This is the first demonstration of C15:0's direct role in attenuating multiple comorbidities using relevant physiological mechanisms at established circulating concentrations. Pairing our findings with evidence that (1) C15:0 is not readily made endogenously, (2) lower C15:0 dietary intake and blood concentrations are associated with higher mortality and a poorer physiological state, and (3) C15:0 has demonstrated activities and efficacy that parallel associated health benefits in humans, we propose C15:0 as a potential essential fatty acid. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential impact of decades of reduced intake of OCFA-containing foods as contributors to C15:0 deficiencies and susceptibilities to chronic disease.
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25
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Venn-Watson S, Baird M, Novick B, Parry C, Jensen ED. Modified fish diet shifted serum metabolome and alleviated chronic anemia in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): Potential role of odd-chain saturated fatty acids. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230769. [PMID: 32259832 PMCID: PMC7138614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are long-lived mammals that can develop chronic aging-associated conditions similar to humans, including metabolic syndrome. Initial studies suggest that these conditions may be attenuated in dolphins using a modified fish diet. Serum metabolomics, fatty acid panels, and blood-based health indices were compared between 20 dolphins on a modified, 50% wild-type diet (50% mullet, 25% capelin, and 25% squid and/or herring) and 10 dolphins on a baseline diet (75% capelin and 25% squid and/or herring). Blood samples were collected at Months 0, 1, 3 and 6. Dolphins on the modified diet had lower insulin (7.5 ± 4.0 and 14.8 ± 14.0 μIU/ml, P = 0.039), lower cholesterol (160 ± 26 and 186 ± 24 mg/dl, P = 0.015) and higher hematocrit (46 ± 3 and 44 ± 3%, P = 0.043) by Month 1 compared to controls. Dolphins with anemia (hemoglobin ≤ 12.5 g/dl, n = 6) or low-normal hemoglobin (12.5-13.5 g/dl, n = 3) before placed on the modified diet had normal hemoglobin concentrations (> 13.5 g/dl) by Month 3. The modified diet caused a significant shift in the metabolome, which included 664 known metabolites. Thirty prioritized metabolites at Months 1 and 3 were 100% predictive of dolphins on the modified diet. Among 25 prioritized lipids, 10 (40%) contained odd-chain saturated fatty acids (OCFAs); C15:0 was the highest-prioritized OCFA. Increased dietary intake of C15:0 (from 1.3 ± 0.4 to 4.5 ± 1.1 g/day) resulted in increased erythrocyte C15:0 concentrations (from 1.5 ± 0.3 to 5.8 ± 0.8 μg/ml, P < 0.0001), which independently predicted raised hemoglobin. Further, increasing age was associated with declining serum C15:0 (R2 = 0.14, P = 0.04). While higher circulating OCFAs have been previously associated with lower risks of cardiometabolic diseases in humans, further studies are warranted to assess potential active roles of OCFAs, including C15:0, in attenuating anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Venn-Watson
- Translational Medicine and Research Program, National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mark Baird
- Translational Medicine and Research Program, National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Brittany Novick
- Translational Medicine and Research Program, National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Celeste Parry
- Translational Medicine and Research Program, National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Eric D. Jensen
- U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program, Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, California, United States of America
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Li X, Huang Y, Zhang W, Yang C, Su W, Wu Y, Chen X, Zhou A, Huo X, Xia W, Xu S, Chen D, Li Y. Association of circulating saturated fatty acids with the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension: a nested case-control study. Hypertens Res 2020; 43:412-421. [PMID: 31919480 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs) have been associated with cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the relationship of SFAs with the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). We conducted a nested case-control study to examine the associations between circulating SFAs and the risk of PIH. A total of 92 PIH cases were matched to 184 controls by age (±2 years) and infant sex from a birth cohort study conducted in Wuhan, China. Levels of circulating fatty acids in plasma were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Conditional logistic regressions were conducted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Even-chain SFAs, including myristic acid (14:0) and palmitic acid (16:0), were positively associated with the risk of PIH [ORs (95% CIs): 2.92 (1.27, 6.74) for 14:0 and 2.85 (1.18, 6.89) for 16:0, % by wt]. In contrast, higher levels of very-long-chain SFAs, including arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0), and lignoceric acid (24:0), were associated with a lower risk of PIH [ORs (95% CIs): 0.40 (0.17, 0.92) for 20:0, 0.30 (0.12, 0.71) for 22:0 and 0.26 (0.11, 0.64) for 24:0, μg/mL]. For odd-chain SFAs, including pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0), no significant difference was observed. Our results provided convincing evidence that different subclasses of SFAs showed diverse effects on the risk of PIH. This suggests that dietary very-long-chain SFAs may be a novel means by which to prevent hypertension. Future studies are required to confirm these associations and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yichao Huang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chenhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Weijie Su
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Wuhan Medical & Healthcare Center for Women and Children, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xia Huo
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Eighteen‑carbon trans fatty acids and inflammation in the context of atherosclerosis. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 76:101009. [PMID: 31669459 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a pro-inflammatory state characterized by chronic activation of the endothelium, which leads to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Intake of trans fatty acids (TFAs) is associated with an increased risk of CVD. This risk is usually associated with industrial TFAs (iTFAs) rather than ruminant TFAs (rTFAs); however it is not clear how specific TFA isomers differ in their biological activity and mechanisms of action with regard to inflammation. Here we review the literature on 18‑carbon TFAs, including the research associating their intake or levels with CVD and studies relating 18‑carbon TFA exposure to modulation of inflammatory processes. The evidence associating iTFAs with CVD risk factors is fairly consistent and studies in humans usually show a relation between iTFAs and higher levels of inflammatory markers. In contrast, studies in humans, animals and in vitro suggest that rTFAs have null or mildly beneficial effects in cardiovascular health, metabolic parameters and inflammatory markers, although the evidence is not always consistent. More studies are needed to better identify the beneficial and detrimental effects of the different TFAs, including those with 18 carbons.
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Zhou B, Wu D, Liu H, Du LT, Wang YS, Xu JW, Qiu FB, Hu SY, Zhan HX. Obesity and pancreatic cancer: An update of epidemiological evidence and molecular mechanisms. Pancreatology 2019; 19:941-950. [PMID: 31447281 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in therapy and achievements in translational research, pancreatic cancer (PC) remains an invariably fatal malignancy. Risk factors that affect the incidence of PC include diabetes, smoking, obesity, chronic pancreatitis, and diet. The growing worldwide obesity epidemic is associated with an increased risk of the most common cancers, including PC. Chronic inflammation, hormonal effects, circulating adipokines, and adipocyte-mediated inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment are involved in the association of obesity with PC. Herein, we systematically review the epidemiology of PC and the biological mechanisms that may account for this association. Included in this review is a discussion of adipokine-mediated inflammation, lipid metabolism, and the interactions of adipocytes with cancer cells. We consider the influence of bariatric surgery on the risk of PC risk as well as potential molecular targets of therapy. Our review leads us to conclude that targeting adipose tissue to achieve weight loss may represent a new therapeutic strategy for preventing and treating PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China; Department of Retroperitoneal Tumor Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Lu-Tao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250033, China; Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250033, China
| | - Yun-Shan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250033, China; Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250033, China
| | - Jian-Wei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Fa-Bo Qiu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China; Department of Retroperitoneal Tumor Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - San-Yuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Han-Xiang Zhan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
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Salvador AM, García-Maldonado E, Gallego-Narbón A, Zapatera B, Vaquero MP. Fatty Acid Profile and Cardiometabolic Markers in Relation with Diet Type and Omega-3 Supplementation in Spanish Vegetarians. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071659. [PMID: 31330792 PMCID: PMC6683283 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets are becoming increasingly popular, and scientific information concerning the nutritional status in this population is needed. This study determined the fatty acid profile of Spanish lacto-ovo vegetarians (LO-vegetarians) and vegans. Participants were 104 healthy adults, LO-vegetarians (n = 49) and vegans (n = 55). Lifestyle habits and consumption of food and omega-3 supplements were estimated by questionnaires. BMI, blood pressure, and abdominal and body fat were determined. Serum was collected to analyze fatty acids, glucose, lipids, homocysteine, insulin, and leptin. Volunteers were classified according to serum omega-6 to omega-3 (n-6/n-3) ratio into three groups: n-6/n-3 < 10, n-6/n-3 ≥ 10 to 20, and n-6/n-3 > 20. Results showed low cardiovascular risk and high insulin sensitivity with negligible differences between diet types. Linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) was the major serum fatty acid, followed by oleic (C18:1n-9) and palmitic (C16:0) acids. In contrast, serum eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) were (median, interquartile range) 0.27, 0.18% and 1.59, and 0.93%, respectively. Users of n-3 supplements (<10% of total vegetarians) had significantly higher EPA than non-users, while frequent consumption of flax-seeds was associated with increased α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3). However, neither n-3 supplementation nor food consumption affected DHA levels in this vegetarian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Salvador
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena García-Maldonado
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angélica Gallego-Narbón
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Zapatera
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Vaquero
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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