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Wu Y, Huang T, Li X, Shen C, Ren H, Wang H, Wu T, Fu X, Deng S, Feng Z, Xiong S, Li H, Gao S, Yang Z, Gao F, Dong L, Cheng J, Cai W. Retinol dehydrogenase 10 reduction mediated retinol metabolism disorder promotes diabetic cardiomyopathy in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1181. [PMID: 36864033 PMCID: PMC9981688 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36837-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a primary myocardial injury induced by diabetes with complex pathogenesis. In this study, we identify disordered cardiac retinol metabolism in type 2 diabetic male mice and patients characterized by retinol overload, all-trans retinoic acid deficiency. By supplementing type 2 diabetic male mice with retinol or all-trans retinoic acid, we demonstrate that both cardiac retinol overload and all-trans retinoic acid deficiency promote diabetic cardiomyopathy. Mechanistically, by constructing cardiomyocyte-specific conditional retinol dehydrogenase 10-knockout male mice and overexpressing retinol dehydrogenase 10 in male type 2 diabetic mice via adeno-associated virus, we verify that the reduction in cardiac retinol dehydrogenase 10 is the initiating factor for cardiac retinol metabolism disorder and results in diabetic cardiomyopathy through lipotoxicity and ferroptosis. Therefore, we suggest that the reduction of cardiac retinol dehydrogenase 10 and its mediated disorder of cardiac retinol metabolism is a new mechanism underlying diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandi Wu
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Tongsheng Huang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinghui Li
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Conghui Shen
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Honglin Ren
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Teng Wu
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinlu Fu
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Shijie Deng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziqi Feng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Shijie Xiong
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Saifei Gao
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Durbrain Medical Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lele Dong
- Durbrain Medical Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianding Cheng
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Weibin Cai
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Wang M, Yang Y, Xu Y. Brain nuclear receptors and cardiovascular function. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:14. [PMID: 36670468 PMCID: PMC9854230 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-heart interaction has raised up increasing attentions. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are abundantly expressed in the brain, and emerging evidence indicates that a number of these brain NRs regulate multiple aspects of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis, etc. In this review, we will elaborate recent findings that have established the physiological relevance of brain NRs in the context of cardiovascular function. In addition, we will discuss the currently available evidence regarding the distinct neuronal populations that respond to brain NRs in the cardiovascular control. These findings suggest connections between cardiac control and brain dynamics through NR signaling, which may lead to novel tools for the treatment of pathological changes in the CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Wang
- grid.508989.50000 0004 6410 7501Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Yongjie Yang
- grid.508989.50000 0004 6410 7501Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Yong Xu
- grid.508989.50000 0004 6410 7501Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA ,grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
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3
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Inflammation in Urological Malignancies: The Silent Killer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010866. [PMID: 36614308 PMCID: PMC9821648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the role of inflammation in promoting tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Neoplastic as well as surrounding stromal and inflammatory cells engage in well-orchestrated reciprocal interactions to establish an inflammatory tumor microenvironment. The tumor-associated inflammatory tissue is highly plastic, capable of continuously modifying its phenotypic and functional characteristics. Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the development of urological cancers. Here, we review the origins of inflammation in urothelial, prostatic, renal, testicular, and penile cancers, focusing on the mechanisms that drive tumor initiation, growth, progression, and metastasis. We also discuss how tumor-associated inflammatory tissue may be a diagnostic marker of clinically significant tumor progression risk and the target for future anti-cancer therapies.
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4
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Synergistic Effects of Ginsenoside Rb3 and Ferruginol in Ischemia-Induced Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415935. [PMID: 36555577 PMCID: PMC9785845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research shows that ginsenoside Rb3 (G-Rb3) exhibit significant protective effects on cardiomyocytes and is considered a promising treatment for myocardial infraction (MI). However, how to improve its oral bioavailability and reduce its dosage remains to be studied. Previous studies suggest that Ferruginol (FGL) may have synergistic effects with G-Rb3. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. In this study, left anterior descending branch (LAD) coronary artery ligation or oxygen-glucose deprivation-reperfusion (OGD/R) were used to establish MI models in vivo and in vitro. Subsequently, the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of G-Rb3-FGL were explored by in vitro studies. The results showed that the G-Rb3-FGL co-treatment improved heart functions better than the G-Rb3 treatment alone in MI mice models. Meanwhile, the G-Rb3-FGL co-treatment can upregulate fatty acids oxidation (FAO) and suppress oxidative stress in the heart tissues of MI mice. In vitro studies demonstrated that the synergistic effect of G-Rb3-FGL on FAO, oxidation and inflammation was abolished by RXRα inhibitor HX531 in the H9C2 cell model. In summary, we revealed that G-Rb3 and FGL have a synergistic effect against MI. They protected cardiomyocytes by promoting FAO, inhibiting oxidative stress, and suppressing inflammation through the RXRα-Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Phummisutthigoon S, Lertsuwan K, Panupinthu N, Aeimlapa R, Teerapornpuntakit J, Chankamngoen W, Thongbunchoo J, Charoenphandhu N, Wongdee K. Fe3+ opposes the 1,25(OH)2D3-induced calcium transport across intestinal epithelium-like Caco-2 monolayer in the presence or absence of ascorbic acid. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273267. [PMID: 36040915 PMCID: PMC9426938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although iron is an essential element for hemoglobin and cytochrome synthesis, excessive intestinal iron absorption—as seen in dietary iron supplementation and hereditary disease called thalassemia—could interfere with transepithelial transport of calcium across the intestinal mucosa. The underlying cellular mechanism of iron-induced decrease in intestinal calcium absorption remains elusive, but it has been hypothesized that excess iron probably negates the actions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3]. Herein, we exposed the 1,25(OH)2D3-treated epithelium-like Caco-2 monolayer to FeCl3 to demonstrate the inhibitory effect of ferric ion on 1,25(OH)2D3-induced transepithelial calcium transport. We found that a 24-h exposure to FeCl3 on the apical side significantly decreased calcium transport, while increasing the transepithelial resistance (TER) in 1,25(OH)2D3-treated monolayer. The inhibitory action of FeCl3 was considered rapid since 60-min exposure was sufficient to block the 1,25(OH)2D3-induced decrease in TER and increase in calcium flux. Interestingly, FeCl3 did not affect the baseline calcium transport in the absence of 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. Furthermore, although ascorbic acid is often administered to maximize calcium solubility and to enhance intestinal calcium absorption, it apparently had no effect on calcium transport across the FeCl3- and 1,25(OH)2D3-treated Caco-2 monolayer. In conclusion, apical exposure to ferric ion appeared to negate the 1,25(OH)2D3-stimulated calcium transport across the intestinal epithelium. The present finding has, therefore, provided important information for development of calcium and iron supplement products and treatment protocol for specific groups of individuals, such as thalassemia patients and pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukpapohn Phummisutthigoon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kornkamon Lertsuwan
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattapon Panupinthu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ratchaneevan Aeimlapa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jarinthorn Teerapornpuntakit
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wasutorn Chankamngoen
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jirawan Thongbunchoo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narattaphol Charoenphandhu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Kannikar Wongdee
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
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6
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Da Silva F, Jian Motamedi F, Weerasinghe Arachchige LC, Tison A, Bradford ST, Lefebvre J, Dolle P, Ghyselinck NB, Wagner KD, Schedl A. Retinoic acid signaling is directly activated in cardiomyocytes and protects mouse hearts from apoptosis after myocardial infarction. eLife 2021; 10:68280. [PMID: 34623260 PMCID: PMC8530512 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is an essential signaling molecule for cardiac development and plays a protective role in the heart after myocardial infarction (MI). In both cases, the effect of RA signaling on cardiomyocytes, the principle cell type of the heart, has been reported to be indirect. Here we have developed an inducible murine transgenic RA-reporter line using CreERT2 technology that permits lineage tracing of RA-responsive cells and faithfully recapitulates endogenous RA activity in multiple organs during embryonic development. Strikingly, we have observed a direct RA response in cardiomyocytes during mid-late gestation and after MI. Ablation of RA signaling through deletion of the Aldh1a1/a2/a3 genes encoding RA-synthesizing enzymes leads to increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis in adults subjected to MI. RNA sequencing analysis reveals Tgm2 and Ace1, two genes with well-established links to cardiac repair, as potential targets of RA signaling in primary cardiomyocytes, thereby providing novel links between the RA pathway and heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amelie Tison
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Pascal Dolle
- IGBMC, Inserm U1258, UNISTRA CNRS, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Kay D Wagner
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France
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7
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Juin SK, Pushpakumar S, Sen U. GYY4137 Regulates Extracellular Matrix Turnover in the Diabetic Kidney by Modulating Retinoid X Receptor Signaling. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101477. [PMID: 34680110 PMCID: PMC8533431 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney is associated with an accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) leading to renal fibrosis. Dysregulation of retinoic acid metabolism involving retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) has been shown to play a crucial role in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Furthermore, RARs and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) are known to control the RXR-mediated transcriptional regulation of several target genes involved in DN. Recently, RAR and RXR have been shown to upregulate plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a major player involved in ECM accumulation and renal fibrosis during DN. Interestingly, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to ameliorate adverse renal remodeling in DN. We investigated the role of RXR signaling in the ECM turnover in diabetic kidney, and whether H2S can mitigate ECM accumulation by modulating PPAR/RAR-mediated RXR signaling. We used wild-type (C57BL/6J), diabetic (C57BL/6-Ins2Akita/J) mice and mouse mesangial cells (MCs) as experimental models. GYY4137 was used as a H2S donor. Results showed that in diabetic kidney, the expression of PPARγ was decreased, whereas upregulations of RXRα, RXRβ, and RARγ1 expression were observed. The changes were associated with elevated PAI-1, MMP-9 and MMP-13. In addition, the expressions of collagen IV, fibronectin and laminin were increased, whereas elastin expression was decreased in the diabetic kidney. Excessive collagen deposition was observed predominantly in the peri-glomerular and glomerular regions of the diabetic kidney. Immunohistochemical localization revealed elevated expression of fibronectin and laminin in the glomeruli of the diabetic kidney. GYY4137 reversed the pathological changes. Similar results were observed in in vitro experiments. In conclusion, our data suggest that RXR signaling plays a significant role in ECM turnover, and GYY4137 modulates PPAR/RAR-mediated RXR signaling to ameliorate PAI-1-dependent adverse ECM turnover in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Utpal Sen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-502-852-2030; Fax: +1-502-852-6239
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8
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Abstract
While the uses of retinoids for cancer treatment continue to evolve, this review focuses on other therapeutic areas in which retinoids [retinol (vitamin A), all-trans retinoic acid (RA), and synthetic retinoic acid receptor (RAR)α-, β-, and γ-selective agonists] are being used and on promising new research that suggests additional uses for retinoids for the treatment of disorders of the kidneys, skeletal muscles, heart, pancreas, liver, nervous system, skin, and other organs. The most mature area, in terms of US Food and Drug Administration-approved, RAR-selective agonists, is for treatment of various skin diseases. Synthetic retinoid agonists have major advantages over endogenous RAR agonists such as RA. Because they act through a specific RAR, side effects may be minimized, and synthetic retinoids often have better pharmaceutical properties than does RA. Based on our increasing knowledge of the multiple roles of retinoids in development, epigenetic regulation, and tissue repair, other exciting therapeutic areas are emerging. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA;
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9
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Garbern JC, Lee RT. Mitochondria and metabolic transitions in cardiomyocytes: lessons from development for stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:177. [PMID: 33712058 PMCID: PMC7953594 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methods to differentiate cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) inadequately recapitulate complete development and result in PSC-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) with an immature or fetal-like phenotype. Embryonic and fetal development are highly dynamic periods during which the developing embryo or fetus is exposed to changing nutrient, oxygen, and hormone levels until birth. It is becoming increasingly apparent that these metabolic changes initiate developmental processes to mature cardiomyocytes. Mitochondria are central to these changes, responding to these metabolic changes and transitioning from small, fragmented mitochondria to large organelles capable of producing enough ATP to support the contractile function of the heart. These changes in mitochondria may not simply be a response to cardiomyocyte maturation; the metabolic signals that occur throughout development may actually be central to the maturation process in cardiomyocytes. Here, we review methods to enhance maturation of PSC-CMs and highlight evidence from development indicating the key roles that mitochondria play during cardiomyocyte maturation. We evaluate metabolic transitions that occur during development and how these affect molecular nutrient sensors, discuss how regulation of nutrient sensing pathways affect mitochondrial dynamics and function, and explore how changes in mitochondrial function can affect metabolite production, the cell cycle, and epigenetics to influence maturation of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Garbern
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Richard T Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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10
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Banu N, Panikar SS, Leal LR, Leal AR. Protective role of ACE2 and its downregulation in SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to Macrophage Activation Syndrome: Therapeutic implications. Life Sci 2020; 256:117905. [PMID: 32504757 PMCID: PMC7832382 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In light of the outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the international scientific community has joined forces to develop effective treatment strategies. The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) 2, is an essential receptor for cell fusion and engulfs the SARS coronavirus infections. ACE2 plays an important physiological role, practically in all the organs and systems. Also, ACE2 exerts protective functions in various models of pathologies with acute and chronic inflammation. While ACE2 downregulation by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein leads to an overactivation of Angiotensin (Ang) II/AT1R axis and the deleterious effects of Ang II may explain the multiorgan dysfunction seen in patients. Specifically, the role of Ang II leading to the appearance of Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) and the cytokine storm in COVID-19 is discussed below. In this review, we summarized the latest research progress in the strategies of treatments that mainly focus on reducing the Ang II-induced deleterious effects rather than attenuating the virus replication. Protective role of ACE2 in the organs and system Downregulation of ACE2 expression by SARS-CoV-2 leads to Ang II-induced organ damage. The appearance of MAS in COVID-19 patient Suggested treatment to diminish the deleterious effect of Ang II or appearance of MAS
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehla Banu
- Instituto de Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sandeep Surendra Panikar
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México (UNAM), Apartado Postal 1-1010, Queretaro, Queretaro 76000, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth Riera Leal
- Hospital General Regional número 45, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Annie Riera Leal
- UC DAVIS Institute for Regenerative Cure, Department of Dermatology, University of California, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Rm 1630, 95817 Sacramento, CA, USA.
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11
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Ma X, Zhu P, Ding Y, Zhang H, Qiu Q, Dvornikov AV, Wang Z, Kim M, Wang Y, Lowerison M, Yu Y, Norton N, Herrmann J, Ekker SC, Hsiai TK, Lin X, Xu X. Retinoid X receptor alpha is a spatiotemporally predominant therapeutic target for anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay2939. [PMID: 32064346 PMCID: PMC6989136 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To uncover the genetic basis of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC), we recently established a genetic suppressor screening strategy in zebrafish. Here, we report the molecular and cellular nature of GBT0419, a salutary modifier mutant that affects retinoid x receptor alpha a (rxraa). We showed that endothelial, but not myocardial or epicardial, RXRA activation confers AIC protection. We then identified isotretinoin and bexarotene, two FDA-approved RXRA agonists, which exert cardioprotective effects. The therapeutic effects of these drugs only occur when administered during early, but not late, phase of AIC or as pretreatment. Mechanistically, these spatially- and temporally-predominant benefits of RXRA activation can be ascribed to repair of damaged endothelial cell-barrier via regulating tight-junction protein Zonula occludens-1. Together, our study provides the first in vivo genetic evidence supporting RXRA as the therapeutic target for AIC, and uncovers a previously unrecognized spatiotemporally-predominant mechanism that shall inform future translational efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yonghe Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Alexey V. Dvornikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Maengjo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Institute of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yue Yu
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nadine Norton
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen C. Ekker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tzung K. Hsiai
- School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xueying Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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12
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Liu Y, Zhao J, Lu M, Wang H, Tang F. Retinoic acid attenuates cardiac injury induced by hyperglycemia in pre- and post-delivery mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 98:6-14. [PMID: 31518508 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to explore the effect of retinoic acid (RA) on cardiac injury induced by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM mice were given 3 mg/kg RA once daily until the 19th day of pregnancy or the 7th day of post-partum. Compared to normal control and normal pregnant control mice, GDM mice before and after delivery showed significantly cardiac injury. RA treatment attenuated cardiac injury as evidenced by decreased heart mass and left ventricular mass, mRNA expressions of ANP and BNP, and cardiac fibrosis compared with that in GDM mice. The protective effect of RA on GDM cardiomyopathy was related to the decreased MDA content and ROS generation, the increased GSH-Px and SOD content as well as the reduced TNF-α and IL-1β content and inhibition of NF-κB signaling. In addition, RA treatment delayed the continuous rise of blood glucose before delivery and decreased the higher level of glucose after delivery. In conclusion, RA treatment could increase the activity of the antioxidant enzyme and suppress the oxidative stress, inflammation response, and activation of NF-κB signaling, thereby improving blood glucose level and cardiac injury of GDM mice before and after delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Shenyang Hehe Medical Test Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 100200, China
| | - Jinsong Zhao
- Jinzhou Maternal and Infant Hospital, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121001, China
| | - Meili Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121001, China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province 121001, China
| | - Futian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China
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13
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El-Baz FK, Hussein RA, Saleh DO, Abdel Jaleel GAR. Zeaxanthin Isolated from Dunaliella salina Microalgae Ameliorates Age Associated Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats through Stimulation of Retinoid Receptors. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17050290. [PMID: 31091726 PMCID: PMC6562725 DOI: 10.3390/md17050290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoids are essential during early cardiovascular morphogenesis. However, recent studies showed their important role in cardiac remodeling in rats with hypertension and following myocardial infarction. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of zeaxanthin heneicosylate (ZH); a carotenoid ester isolated from Dunaliella salina microalgae, on cardiac dysfunction ensuing d-galactose injection in rats. Rats injected with d-GAL (200 mg/kg; I.P) for 8 weeks were orally treated with ZH (250 μg/kg) for 28 consecutive days. Results showed that d-GAL injection caused dramatic electrocardiographic changes as well as marked elevation in serum levels of homocysteine, creatinine kinase isoenzyme and lactate dehydrogenase. A reduction in the cardiac contents of glucose transporter-4 and superoxide dismutase along with the elevation of inducible nitric oxide synthetase and interleukin-6 was also noticed. Oral administration of ZH significantly improved the above mentioned cardiac aging manifestations; this was further emphasized through histopathological examinations. The effect of ZH is mediated through the interaction with retinoid receptor alpha (RAR-α) as evidenced through a significant elevation of RAR-α expression in cardiac tissue following the lead of an in silico molecular docking study. In conclusion, zeaxanthin heneicosylate isolated from D. salina ameliorated age-associated cardiac dysfunction in rats through the activation of retinoid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farouk Kamel El-Baz
- Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza P.O.12622, Egypt.
| | - Rehab Ali Hussein
- Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza P.O.12622, Egypt.
| | - Dalia Osama Saleh
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza P.O.12622, Egypt.
| | - Gehad Abdel Raheem Abdel Jaleel
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza P.O.12622, Egypt.
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14
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Elkahloun AG, Rodriguez Y, Alaiyed S, Wenzel E, Saavedra JM. Telmisartan Protects a Microglia Cell Line from LPS Injury Beyond AT1 Receptor Blockade or PPARγ Activation. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3193-3210. [PMID: 30105672 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB) Telmisartan reduces inflammation through Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activation. However, in a mouse microglia-like BV2 cell line, imitating primary microglia responses with high fidelity and devoid of AT1 receptor gene expression or PPARγ activation, Telmisartan reduced gene expression of pro-injury factors, enhanced that of anti-inflammatory genes, and prevented LPS-induced increase in inflammatory markers. Using global gene expression profiling and pathways analysis, we revealed that Telmisartan normalized the expression of hundreds of genes upregulated by LPS and linked with inflammation, apoptosis and neurodegenerative disorders, while downregulating the expression of genes associated with oncological, neurodegenerative and viral diseases. The PPARγ full agonist Pioglitazone had no neuroprotective effects. Surprisingly, the PPARγ antagonists GW9662 and T0070907 were neuroprotective and enhanced Telmisartan effects. GW9226 alone significantly reduced LPS toxic effects and enhanced Telmisartan neuroprotection, including downregulation of pro-inflammatory TLR2 gene expression. Telmisartan and GW9662 effects on LPS injury negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory factors and upstream regulators, including TLR2, and positively with known neuroprotective factors and upstream regulators. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of the Telmisartan and GW9662 data revealed negative correlations with sets of genes associated with neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders and toxic treatments in cultured systems, while demonstrating positive correlations with gene sets associated with neuroprotection and kinase inhibition. Our results strongly suggest that novel neuroprotective effects of Telmisartan and GW9662, beyond AT1 receptor blockade or PPARγ activation, include downregulation of the TLR2 signaling pathway, findings that may have translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel G Elkahloun
- Microarray Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Dr, MSC 4435, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4435, USA
| | - Yara Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, SE402 Med/Dent, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Seham Alaiyed
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, SE402 Med/Dent, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Erin Wenzel
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, SE402 Med/Dent, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Juan M Saavedra
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, SE402 Med/Dent, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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15
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Cao G, Fan J, Yu H, Chen Z. Resveratrol attenuates high glucose-induced cardiomyocytes injury via interfering ROS-MAPK-NF-κB signaling pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:48-57. [PMID: 31938086 PMCID: PMC6957970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte inflammatory injury is likely required for cardiomyocytes death under hyperglycemia condition. Resveratrol (Res) is famous for its anti-inflammatory effect. However, there are few reports about the anti-inflammatory effect of Res induced by high glucose in cardiomyocytes. The aim of the present study is to investigate the inflammatory effect of high glucose and the anti-inflammatory effect of Res induced by high glucose in cardiomyocytes. Primary cardiomyocytes were isolated from new born SD rats and high glucose (30 mmol/L) was used as a stimulant for cell injury. Cell viability was assayed by CCK-8 method; protein expression was identified by Western blot or ELISA, respectively. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed under a fluorescence microscope. The results indicated that High glucose (30 mmol/L) significantly decreased the cell viability of cardiomyocytes after co-cultivated for 12 h and had a time-dependent manner, and increased IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α secretion in cardiomyocytes. The injury effect of high glucose involved in ROS-MAPK-NF-κB signaling pathway. For the reason that antioxidant NAC, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and NF-κB specific pathway inhibitors was able to abolish the secretion of this inflammatory factors; pretreatment with antioxidant NAC significantly decreased the level of phosphorylated ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and nuclear NF-κB; pretreatment of PD98059 and SB203580 can significantly decrease NF-κB level in nuclei. After treatment with Res 20 μmol/L for 12 h, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α secretion were markedly decreased, and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and NF-κB level were also decreased. All the results showed that Res attenuates high glucose-induced inflammatory injury through ROS-ERK1/2/p38-NF-κB signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Jingxiu Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Zejun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of ChengduChengdu, China
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16
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Jiang L, Qin Y, Lei F, Chen X, Zhou Z. Retinoic acid receptors α and γ are involved in antioxidative protection in renal tubular epithelial cells injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:873-885. [PMID: 29096559 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1387655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is a common outcome in various chronic kidney diseases. Injury to renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC) is major link in RIF. Hypoxia is one of the common factors for RTEC damage. Retinoic acid receptors (RARs), RARα, RARβ and RARγ, are evolutionary conserved and pleiotropic proteins that have been involved in various cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and transcription. Recently, we discovered that aberrant expression of RARs was involved in the development of RIF in rats. Here, we investigated the role of RARs in the hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) damage model in RTEC with virus-based delivery vectors to knockdown or overexpress RARs. Relevant indicators were detected. Our results showed that HR inhibited RARα and RARγ expressions in a time-dependent manner in RTECs; however, the expression of RARβ was not changed obviously. RARα and RARγ overexpression could protect cells from oxidative stress-induced injury by inhibiting HR-induced intracellular superoxide anion (O2-) generation, cell viability and mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) decrease and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) expression and promoting endogenous antioxidant defense components, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Meanwhile, inhibition of RARα and RARγ expressions by small interference RNAs (siRNA) resulted in a less resistance of RTEC to HR as shown in increased O2- production and TGF-β1 expression and decreased cell viability, MMP, SOD and GSH levels. These data indicates that RARα and RARγ act as positive regulators to offset oxidative damage and profibrosis cytokine accumulation and therefore has an antioxidative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jiang
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , PR China
| | - Yuanhan Qin
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , PR China
| | - Fengying Lei
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , PR China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , PR China
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17
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Brossaud J, Pallet V, Corcuff JB. Vitamin A, endocrine tissues and hormones: interplay and interactions. Endocr Connect 2017; 6:R121-R130. [PMID: 28720593 PMCID: PMC5551430 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A (retinol) is a micronutrient critical for cell proliferation and differentiation. In adults, vitamin A and metabolites such as retinoic acid (RA) play major roles in vision, immune and brain functions, and tissue remodelling and metabolism. This review presents the physiological interactions of retinoids and endocrine tissues and hormonal systems. Two endocrine systems have been particularly studied. In the pituitary, retinoids targets the corticotrophs with a possible therapeutic use in corticotropinomas. In the thyroid, retinoids interfere with iodine metabolism and vitamin A deficiency aggravates thyroid dysfunction caused by iodine-deficient diets. Retinoids use in thyroid cancer appears less promising than expected. Recent and still controversial studies investigated the relations between retinoids and metabolic syndrome. Indeed, retinoids contribute to pancreatic development and modify fat and glucose metabolism. However, more detailed studies are needed before planning any therapeutic use. Finally, retinoids probably play more minor roles in adrenal and gonads development and function apart from their major effects on spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Brossaud
- J Brossaud, Nuclear Medicine, University hospital of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Veronique Pallet
- V Pallet, NutriNeurO-INRA 1286 - Université Bdx 2, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33076 BORDEAUX , France
| | - Jean-Benoit Corcuff
- J Corcuff, Nuclear Medicine, University hospital of Bordeaux, Pessac, 33604, France
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18
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Zhu S, Guleria RS, Thomas CM, Roth A, Gerilechaogetu F, Kumar R, Dostal DE, Baker KM, Pan J. Loss of myocardial retinoic acid receptor α induces diastolic dysfunction by promoting intracellular oxidative stress and calcium mishandling in adult mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 99:100-112. [PMID: 27539860 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) has been implicated in pathological stimuli-induced cardiac remodeling. To determine whether the impairment of RARα signaling directly contributes to the development of heart dysfunction and the involved mechanisms, tamoxifen-induced myocardial specific RARα deletion (RARαKO) mice were utilized. Echocardiographic and cardiac catheterization studies showed significant diastolic dysfunction after 16wks of gene deletion. However, no significant differences were observed in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), between RARαKO and wild type (WT) control mice. DHE staining showed increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the hearts of RARαKO mice. Significantly increased NOX2 (NADPH oxidase 2) and NOX4 levels and decreased SOD1 and SOD2 levels were observed in RARαKO mouse hearts, which were rescued by overexpression of RARα in cardiomyocytes. Decreased SERCA2a expression and phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLB), along with decreased phosphorylation of Akt and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II δ (CaMKII δ) was observed in RARαKO mouse hearts. Ca2+ reuptake and cardiomyocyte relaxation were delayed by RARα deletion. Overexpression of RARα or inhibition of ROS generation or NOX activation prevented RARα deletion-induced decrease in SERCA2a expression/activation and delayed Ca2+ reuptake. Moreover, the gene and protein expression of RARα was significantly decreased in aged or metabolic stressed mouse hearts. RARα deletion accelerated the development of diastolic dysfunction in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice or in high fat diet fed mice. In conclusion, myocardial RARα deletion promoted diastolic dysfunction, with a relative preserved LVEF. Increased oxidative stress have an important role in the decreased expression/activation of SERCA2a and Ca2+ mishandling in RARαKO mice, which are major contributing factors in the development of diastolic dysfunction. These data suggest that impairment of cardiac RARα signaling may be a novel mechanism that is directly linked to pathological stimuli-induced diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Rakeshwar S Guleria
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States.
| | - Candice M Thomas
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Amanda Roth
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Fnu Gerilechaogetu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - David E Dostal
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Kenneth M Baker
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States; Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States.
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19
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Akhtar MS, Pillai KK, Hassan MQ, Dhyani N, Ismail MV, Najmi AK. Levosimendan reduces myocardial damage and improves cardiodynamics in streptozotocin induced diabetic cardiomyopathy via SERCA2a/NCX1 pathway. Life Sci 2016; 153:55-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Systems-Pharmacology Dissection of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Saffron Formula Reveals Multi-scale Treatment Strategy for Cardiovascular Diseases. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19809. [PMID: 26813334 PMCID: PMC4728400 DOI: 10.1038/srep19809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been regarding as “the world’s first killer” of human beings in recent years owing to the striking morbidity and mortality, the involved molecular mechanisms are extremely complex and remain unclear. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) adheres to the aim of combating complex diseases from an integrative and holistic point of view, which has shown effectiveness in CVDs therapy. However, system-level understanding of such a mechanism of multi-scale treatment strategy for CVDs is still difficult. Here, we developed a system pharmacology approach with the purpose of revealing the underlying molecular mechanisms exemplified by a famous compound saffron formula (CSF) in treating CVDs. First, by systems ADME analysis combined with drug targeting process, 103 potential active components and their corresponding 219 direct targets were retrieved and some key interactions were further experimentally validated. Based on this, the network relationships among active components, targets and diseases were further built to uncover the pharmacological actions of the drug. Finally, a “CVDs pathway” consisted of several regulatory modules was incorporated to dissect the therapeutic effects of CSF in different pathological features-relevant biological processes. All this demonstrates CSF has multi-scale curative activity in regulating CVD-related biological processes, which provides a new potential way for modern medicine in the treatment of complex diseases.
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21
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Yang L, Luo C, Chen C, Wang X, Shi W, Liu J. All-trans retinoic acid protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by activating the ERK2 signalling pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:357-71. [PMID: 26507774 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Doxorubicin is a powerful antineoplastic agent for treating a wide range of cancers. However, doxorubicin cardiotoxicity of the heart has largely limited its clinical use. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plays an important role in many cardiac biological processes, but its protective effects on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity remain unknown. Here, we studied the effect of ATRA on doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES Cellular viability assays, Western blotting and mitochondrial respiration analyses were employed to evaluate the cellular response to ATRA in H9c2 cells and primary cardiomyocytes. Quantitative PCR and gene knockdown were performed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of ATRA's effects on doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. KEY RESULTS ATRA significantly inhibited doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells and primary cardiomyocytes. ATRA was more effective against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity than resveratrol and dexrazoxane. ATRA also suppressed reactive oxygen species generation and restored expression levels of mRNA and proteins in the phase II detoxifying enzyme system: nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2, manganese superoxide dismutase, haem oxygenase-1, and mitochondrial function (mitochondrial membrane integrity, mitochondrial DNA copy numbers and mitochondrial respiration capacity, biogenesis and dynamics). Both a ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) and ERK2 siRNA, but not ERK1 siRNA, abolished the protective effect of ATRA against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in H9c2 cells. Remarkably, ATRA did not compromise the anticancer efficacy of doxorubicin in gastric carcinoma cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS ATRA protected cardiomyocytes against doxorubicin-induced toxicity, by activating the ERK2 pathway, without compromising its anticancer efficacy. Therefore, ATRA is a promising candidate as a cardioprotective agent against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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22
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Syal K, Srinivasan A, Banerjee D. VDR, RXR, Coronin-1 and Interferonγ Levels in PBMCs of Type-2 Diabetes Patients: Molecular Link between Diabetes and Tuberculosis. Indian J Clin Biochem 2015; 30:323-8. [PMID: 26089620 PMCID: PMC4469064 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-014-0431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and tuberculosis are world's most deadly epidemics. People suffering from diabetes are susceptible to tuberculosis. Molecular link between the two is largely unknown. It is known that Vitamin A receptor (RXR) heterodimerizes with Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and Peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor-γ (PPARγ) to regulate Tryptophan-aspartate containing coat protein (TACO) expression and fatty acid metabolism respectively, so it would be interesting to check the expression of these genes in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients which might explain the susceptibility of diabetics to tuberculosis. In this study, we checked the expression of RXR, VDR, TACO and Interferon-γ (IFNγ) genes in type-2 DM patients for understanding the link between the two diseases. We observed down regulation of RXR gene and corresponding up regulation of TACO gene expression. We have not observed significant change in expression of VDR and IFNγ genes in type-2 DM patients. Repression of RXR gene could hamper VDR-RXR heterodimer formation and thus would up regulate TACO gene expression which may predispose the type-2 DM patients to tuberculosis. Also, decrease in RXR-PPARγ heterodimer could be involved in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirtimaan Syal
- />Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
- />Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Anand Srinivasan
- />Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Dibyajyoti Banerjee
- />Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
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Association study between novel CYP26 polymorphisms and the risk of betel quid-related malignant oral disorders. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:160185. [PMID: 25839051 PMCID: PMC4369936 DOI: 10.1155/2015/160185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BQ chewing may produce significant amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in oral mucosa damage, and ROS may be metabolized by CYP26 families. Because the CYP26 polymorphisms associated with malignant oral disorders are not well known, we conducted an association study on the associations between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of CYP26 families and the risks of malignant oral disorders. BQ chewers with the CYP26A1 rs4411227 C/C+C/G genotype and C allele showed an increased risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.30 and 1.93, respectively). The CYP26B1 rs3768647 G allele may be associated with oral and pharyngeal cancer (aOR = 3.12) and OPMDs (aOR = 2.23). Subjects with the rs9309462 CT genotype and C allele had an increased risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer (aOR = 9.24 and 8.86, respectively) and OPMDs (aOR = 8.17 and 7.87, respectively). The analysis of joint effects between the CYP26A1 rs4411227 and CYP26B1 rs3768647/rs9309462 polymorphisms revealed statistical significance (aOR = 29.91 and 10.03, respectively). Additionally, we observed a significant mRNA expression of CY26A1 and CYP26B1 in cancerous tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. Our findings suggest that novel CYP26 polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of malignant oral disorders, particularly among BQ chewers.
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Fuentes-Antrás J, Picatoste B, Gómez-Hernández A, Egido J, Tuñón J, Lorenzo Ó. Updating experimental models of diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:656795. [PMID: 25973429 PMCID: PMC4417999 DOI: 10.1155/2015/656795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy entails a serious cardiac dysfunction induced by alterations in structure and contractility of the myocardium. This pathology is initiated by changes in energy substrates and occurs in the absence of atherothrombosis, hypertension, or other cardiomyopathies. Inflammation, hypertrophy, fibrosis, steatosis, and apoptosis in the myocardium have been studied in numerous diabetic experimental models in animals, mostly rodents. Type I and type II diabetes were induced by genetic manipulation, pancreatic toxins, and fat and sweet diets, and animals recapitulate the main features of human diabetes and related cardiomyopathy. In this review we update and discuss the main experimental models of diabetic cardiomyopathy, analysing the associated metabolic, structural, and functional abnormalities, and including current tools for detection of these responses. Also, novel experimental models based on genetic modifications of specific related genes have been discussed. The study of specific pathways or factors responsible for cardiac failures may be useful to design new pharmacological strategies for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Fuentes-Antrás
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B. Picatoste
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Gómez-Hernández
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Egido
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Tuñón
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ó. Lorenzo
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- *Ó. Lorenzo:
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Zhang X, Ma X, Zhao M, Zhang B, Chi J, Liu W, Chen W, Fu Y, Liu Y, Yin X. H2 and H3 relaxin inhibit high glucose-induced apoptosis in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Biochimie 2014; 108:59-67. [PMID: 25446652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High concentrations of glucose induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and contribute to diabetic cardiomyopathy. Relaxin-2 and relaxin-3 are two members of the relaxin peptide family that are cardioprotective. However, it remains unknown whether relaxin-2 or relaxin-3 can regulate apoptosis in high glucose treated-neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs). In cultured NRVMs, 33 mmol/l high glucose (HG) increased apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. HG-increased the protein expression of cleaved caspase-8 and -9, two initiators of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis, Caspase-3 was attenuated by human recombinant relaxin-2 (H2 relaxin) or relaxin-3 (H3 relaxin), indicating that H2 and H3 relaxin inhibited HG-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) markers CHOP and caspase-12 were markedly increased in HG-treated NRVMs, leading to apoptosis; this effect was also effectively attenuated by H2 relaxin or H3 relaxin. Treatment of NRVMs with HG reduced autophagy which cannot be adjusted by H2 relaxin or H3 relaxin. In conclusion, HG-induced apoptosis in NRVMs was mediated, in part, by the activation of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis and ERS, all inhibited by H2 relaxin or H3 relaxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- The Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.23, YouZheng Road, NanGang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- The Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.23, YouZheng Road, NanGang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.23, YouZheng Road, NanGang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jinyu Chi
- The Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.23, YouZheng Road, NanGang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wenxiu Liu
- The Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.23, YouZheng Road, NanGang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wenjia Chen
- The Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.23, YouZheng Road, NanGang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yu Fu
- The Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.23, YouZheng Road, NanGang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yue Liu
- The Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.23, YouZheng Road, NanGang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xinhua Yin
- The Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.23, YouZheng Road, NanGang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Shan PR, Xu WW, Huang ZQ, Pu J, Huang WJ. Protective role of retinoid X receptor in H9c2 cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in rats. World J Emerg Med 2014; 5:122-7. [PMID: 25215161 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.issn.1920-8642.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoid X receptor (RXR) plays a central role in the regulation of intracellular receptor signaling pathways. The activation of RXR has protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of H9c2 ventricular cells in rats. But the protective effect and mechanism of activating RXR in cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced oxidative iniury are still unclear. METHODS The model of H/R injury was established through hypoxia for 2 hours and reoxygenation for 4 hours in H9c2 cardiomyocytes of rats. 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis RA) was obtained as an RXR agonist, and HX531 as an RXR antagonist. Cultured cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into four groups: sham group, H/R group, H/R+9-cis RA -pretreated group (100 nmol/L 9-cis RA), and H/R+9-cis RA+HX531-pretreated group (2.5 μmol/L HX531). The cell viability was measured by MTT, apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes by flow cytometry analysis, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) by JC-1 fluorescent probe, and protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-9 with Western blotting. All measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation, and analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Dunnett test. Differences were considered significant when P was <0.05. RESULTS Pretreatment with RXR agonist enhanced cell viability, reduced apoptosis ratio, and stabled ΔΨm. Dot blotting experiments showed that under H/R stress conditions, Bcl-2 protein level decreased, while Bax and cleaved caspase-9 were increased. 9-cis RA administration before H/R stress prevented these effects, but the protective effects of activating RXR on cardiomyocytes against H/R induced oxidative injury were abolished when pretreated with RXR pan-antagonist HX531. CONCLUSION The activation of RXR has protective effects against H/R injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes of rats through attenuating signaling pathway of mitochondria apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ren Shan
- Department of Cardiology, First AffiliatedHospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325100, China
| | - Wei-Wei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, First AffiliatedHospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325100, China
| | - Zhou-Qing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, First AffiliatedHospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325100, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology, First AffiliatedHospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325100, China
| | - Wei-Jian Huang
- Department of Cardiology, First AffiliatedHospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325100, China
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Zhu J, Ning RB, Lin XY, Chai DJ, Xu CS, Xie H, Zeng JZ, Lin JX. Retinoid X receptor agonists inhibit hypertension-induced myocardial hypertrophy by modulating LKB1/AMPK/p70S6K signaling pathway. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:1112-24. [PMID: 24603314 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoid X receptor (RXR) has been demonstrated to play an important role in cardiac development and has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to examine the effects of RXRα agonist bexarotene on pathological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in a spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model and the underlying mechanism. METHODS WKY rats served as controls. SHRs were randomized into 3 groups at the age of 4 weeks and were treated (once daily for 12 weeks) with either bexarotene (30 or 100mg/kg body weight) or vehicle alone. Echocardiography was performed to determine cardiac structure and function. Neonatal cardiomyocytes were treated with AngII (10(-7) mmol/L) with or without the indicated concentration of RXRα ligand 9-cis-RA. The protein abundances of β-actin, RXRα, LKB1, phospho-LKB1, AMPK, phospho-AMPK, P70S6K, phospho-P70S6K, ACE, and AT1 receptor were measured along with blood pressure, body weight and angiotensin II (Ang II) levels. The effects of LKB1 downregulation by LKB1 small, interfering RNA were examined. RESULTS Treatment of SHRs with bexarotene resulted in significant inhibition of LVH without eliminating hypertension. Immunoblot with heart tissue homogenates from SHRs revealed that bexarotene activated the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway and inhibited p70S6K. However, the increased Ang II levels in SHR serum and heart tissue were not reduced by bexarotene treatment. Treatment of cardiomyocytes with Ang II resulted in significantly reduced LKB1/AMPK activity and increased p70S6K activity. 9-cis-RA antagonized Ang II-induced LKB1/AMPK and p70S6K activation changes in vitro. CONCLUSIONS RXR agonists prevent the inhibition of the LKB1/AMPK/p70S6K pathway and regulate protein synthesis to reduce LVH. This antihypertrophic effect of bexarotene is independent of blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- First Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ruo-Bing Ning
- First Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Lin
- Echocardiological Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Da-Jun Chai
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China;
| | - Chang-Sheng Xu
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hong Xie
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jin-Zhang Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute for Biomedical Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jin-Xiu Lin
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China;
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Pan J, Guleria RS, Zhu S, Baker KM. Molecular Mechanisms of Retinoid Receptors in Diabetes-Induced Cardiac Remodeling. J Clin Med 2014; 3:566-94. [PMID: 26237391 PMCID: PMC4449696 DOI: 10.3390/jcm3020566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients, is characterized by ventricular dysfunction, in the absence of coronary atherosclerosis and hypertension. There is no specific therapeutic strategy to effectively treat patients with DCM, due to a lack of a mechanistic understanding of the disease process. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of vitamin A, is involved in a wide range of biological processes, through binding and activation of nuclear receptors: retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR). RAR/RXR-mediated signaling has been implicated in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Recently, it has been reported that activation of RAR/RXR has an important role in preventing the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy, through improving cardiac insulin resistance, inhibition of intracellular oxidative stress, NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses and the renin-angiotensin system. Moreover, downregulated RAR/RXR signaling has been demonstrated in diabetic myocardium, suggesting that impaired RAR/RXR signaling may be a trigger to accelerate diabetes-induced development of DCM. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of retinoid receptors in the regulation of cardiac metabolism and remodeling under diabetic conditions is important in providing the impetus for generating novel therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of diabetes-induced cardiac complications and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
| | - Rakeshwar S Guleria
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
| | - Sen Zhu
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
| | - Kenneth M Baker
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, 76504, USA.
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Chen JY, Chou HC, Chen YH, Chan HL. High glucose-induced proteome alterations in hepatocytes and its possible relevance to diabetic liver disease. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1889-910. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Pappachan JM, Varughese GI, Sriraman R, Arunagirinathan G. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation and management. World J Diabetes 2013; 4:177-189. [PMID: 24147202 PMCID: PMC3797883 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v4.i5.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes affects every organ in the body and cardiovascular disease accounts for two-thirds of the mortality in the diabetic population. Diabetes-related heart disease occurs in the form of coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiac autonomic neuropathy or diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM). The prevalence of cardiac failure is high in the diabetic population and DbCM is a common but underestimated cause of heart failure in diabetes. The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is yet to be clearly defined. Hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and inflammation are thought to play key roles in the generation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species which are in turn implicated. The myocardial interstitium undergoes alterations resulting in abnormal contractile function noted in DbCM. In the early stages of the disease diastolic dysfunction is the only abnormality, but systolic dysfunction supervenes in the later stages with impaired left ventricular ejection fraction. Transmitral Doppler echocardiography is usually used to assess diastolic dysfunction, but tissue Doppler Imaging and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging are being increasingly used recently for early detection of DbCM. The management of DbCM involves improvement in lifestyle, control of glucose and lipid abnormalities, and treatment of hypertension and CAD, if present. The role of vasoactive drugs and antioxidants is being explored. This review discusses the pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation and management options of DbCM.
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Rassaf T, Kelm M. Protection from diabetic cardiomyopathy - putative role of the retinoid receptor-mediated signaling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 59:179-80. [PMID: 23542309 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Guleria RS, Singh AB, Nizamutdinova IT, Souslova T, Mohammad AA, Kendall JA, Baker KM, Pan J. Activation of retinoid receptor-mediated signaling ameliorates diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction in Zucker diabetic rats. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 57:106-18. [PMID: 23395853 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a significant contributor to the morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Retinoids, through activation of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid x receptor (RXR), have been linked to control glucose and lipid homeostasis, with effects on obesity and diabetes. However, the functional role of RAR and RXR in the development of DCM remains unclear. Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and lean rats were treated with Am580 (RARα agonist) or LGD1069 (RXR agonist) for 16 weeks, and cardiac function and metabolic alterations were determined. Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance were observed in ZDF rats. Diabetic cardiomyopathy was characterized in ZDF rats by increased oxidative stress, apoptosis, fibrosis, inflammation, activation of MAP kinases and NF-κB signaling and diminished Akt phosphorylation, along with decreased glucose transport and increased cardiac lipid accumulation, and ultimately diastolic dysfunction. Am580 and LGD1069 attenuated diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction and the pathological alterations, by improving glucose tolerance and insulin resistance; facilitating Akt activation and glucose utilization, and attenuating oxidative stress and interrelated MAP kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways. Am580 inhibited body weight gain, attenuated the increased cardiac fatty acid uptake, β-oxidation and lipid accumulation in the hearts of ZDF rats. However, LGD1069 promoted body weight gain, hyperlipidemia and cardiac lipid accumulation. In conclusion, our data suggest that activation of RAR and RXR may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, further studies are necessary to clarify the role of RAR and RXR in the regulation of lipid metabolism and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakeshwar S Guleria
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
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Nizamutdinova IT, Guleria RS, Singh AB, Kendall JA, Baker KM, Pan J. Retinoic acid protects cardiomyocytes from high glucose-induced apoptosis through inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:380-92. [PMID: 22718360 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that retinoic acid (RA) has protective effects on high glucose (HG)-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of RA effects, we determined the interaction between nuclear factor (NF)-κB and RA signaling. HG induced a sustained phosphorylation of IKK/IκBα and transcriptional activation of NF-κB in cardiomyocytes. Activated NF-κB signaling has an important role in HG-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). All-trans RA (ATRA) and LGD1069, through activation of RAR/RXR-mediated signaling, inhibited the HG-mediated effects in cardiomyocytes. The inhibitory effect of RA on NF-κB activation was mediated through inhibition of IKK/IκBα phosphorylation. ATRA and LGD1069 treatment promoted protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity, which was significantly suppressed by HG stimulation. The RA effects on IKK and IκBα were blocked by okadaic acid or silencing the expression of PP2Ac-subunit, indicating that the inhibitory effect of RA on NF-κB is regulated through activation of PP2A and subsequent dephosphorylation of IKK/IκBα. Moreover, ATRA and LGD1069 reversed the decreased PP2A activity and inhibited the activation of IKK/IκBα and gene expression of MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in the hearts of Zucker diabetic fatty rats. In summary, our findings suggest that the suppressed activation of PP2A contributed to sustained activation of NF-κB in HG-stimulated cardiomyocytes; and that the protective effect of RA on hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammatory responses is partially regulated through activation of PP2A and suppression of NF-κB-mediated signaling and downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina T Nizamutdinova
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas 76504, USA
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Lou S, Zhong L, Yang X, Xue T, Gai R, Zhu D, Zhao Y, Yang B, Ying M, He Q. Efficacy of all-trans retinoid acid in preventing nickel induced cardiotoxicity in myocardial cells of rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 51:251-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chen YH, Chen JY, Chen YW, Lin ST, Chan HL. High glucose-induced proteome alterations in retinal pigmented epithelium cells and its possible relevance to diabetic retinopathy. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:3107-24. [PMID: 23051786 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25331c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy can cause poor vision and blindness. Previous research has shown that high blood glucose weakens retinal capillaries and induces glycoxidation. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of high blood glucose on development of diabetic retinopathy have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we cultured a retinal pigmented epithelium cell line (ARPE-19) in mannitol-balanced 5.5 mM, 25 mM, and 100 mM d-glucose media, and evaluated protein expression and redox-regulation. We identified 56 proteins that showed significant changes in protein expression, and 33 proteins showing significant changes in thiol reactivity, in response to high glucose concentration. Several proteins that are involved in signal transduction, gene regulation, and transport showed significant changes in expression, whereas proteins involved in metabolism, transport, and cell survival displayed changes in thiol reactivity. Further analyses of clinical plasma specimens confirmed that the proteins lamin B2, PUMA, WTAP, ASGR1, and prohibitin 2 showed type 2 diabetic retinopathy-dependent alterations. In summary, in this study, we used a comprehensive retinal cell-based proteomic approach for the identification of changes in protein expression and redox-associated retinal markers induced by high glucose concentration. Some of the identified proteins have been validated with clinical samples and provide potential targets for the prognosis and diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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Singh AB, Guleria RS, Nizamutdinova IT, Baker KM, Pan J. High glucose-induced repression of RAR/RXR in cardiomyocytes is mediated through oxidative stress/JNK signaling. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:2632-44. [PMID: 21882190 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.23005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The biological actions of retinoids are mediated by nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). We have recently reported that decreased expression of RARα and RXRα has an important role in high glucose (HG)-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. However, the regulatory mechanisms of HG effects on RARα and RXRα remain unclear. Using neonatal cardiomyocytes, we found that ligand-induced promoter activity of RAR and RXR was significantly suppressed by HG. HG promoted protein destabilization and serine-phosphorylation of RARα and RXRα. Proteasome inhibitor MG132 blocked the inhibitory effect of HG on RARα and RXRα. Inhibition of intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) abolished the HG effect. In contrast, H(2)O(2) stimulation suppressed the expression and ligand-induced promoter activity of RARα and RXRα. HG promoted phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 MAP kinases, which was abrogated by an ROS inhibitor. Inhibition of JNK, but not ERK and p38 activity, reversed HG effects on RARα and RXRα. Activation of JNK by over expressing MKK7 and MEKK1, resulted in significant downregulation of RARα and RXRα. Ligand-induced promoter activity of RARα and RXRα was also suppressed by overexpression of MEKK1. HG-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis was potentiated by activation of JNK, and prevented by all-trans retinoic acid and inhibition of JNK. Silencing the expression of RARα and RXRα activated the JNK pathway. In conclusion, HG-induced oxidative stress and activation of the JNK pathway negatively regulated expression/activation of RAR and RXR. The impaired RAR/RXR signaling and oxidative stress/JNK pathway forms a vicious circle, which significantly contributes to hyperglycemia induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar B Singh
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas 76504, USA
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Nogueira-Silva C, Carvalho-Dias E, Piairo P, Nunes S, Baptista MJ, Moura RS, Correia-Pinto J. Local fetal lung renin-angiotensin system as a target to treat congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Mol Med 2012; 18:231-43. [PMID: 22113494 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antenatal stimulation of lung growth is a reasonable approach to treat congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), a disease characterized by pulmonary hypoplasia and hypertension. Several evidences from the literature demonstrated a possible involvement of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) during fetal lung development. Thus, the expression pattern of renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensinogen, type 1 (AT₁) and type 2 (AT₂) receptors of angiotensin II (ANGII) was assessed by immunohisto-chemistry throughout gestation, whereas the function of RAS in the fetal lung was evaluated using fetal rat lung explants. These were morphometrically analyzed and intracellular pathway alterations assessed by Western blot. In nitrofen-induced CDH model, pregnant rats were treated with saline or PD-123319. In pups, lung growth, protein/DNA ratio, radial saccular count, epithelial differentiation and lung maturation, vascular morphometry, right ventricular hypertrophy and overload molecular markers, gasometry and survival time were evaluated. Results demonstrated that all RAS components were constitutively expressed in the lung during gestation and that ANGII had a stimulatory effect on lung branching, mediated by AT₁ receptor, through p44/42 and Akt phosphorylation. This stimulatory effect on lung growth was mimicked by AT₂-antagonist (PD-123319) treatment. In vivo antenatal PD-123319 treatment increased lung growth, ameliorated indirect parameters of pulmonary hypertension, improved lung function and survival time in nonventilated CDH pups, without maternal or fetal deleterious effects. Therefore, this study demonstrated a local and physiologically active RAS during lung morphogenesis. Moreover, selective inhibition of AT₂ receptor is presented as a putative antenatal therapy for CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nogueira-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute-ICVS, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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