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Fallahi S, Zangbar HS, Farajdokht F, Rahbarghazi R, Ghiasi F, Mohaddes G. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes improve neurogenesis and cognitive function of mice with methamphetamine addiction: A novel treatment approach. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14719. [PMID: 38783536 PMCID: PMC11116483 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant substance with highly addictive and neurotoxic effects, but no ideal treatment option exists to improve METH-induced neurocognitive deficits. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes have raised many hopes for treating neurodegenerative sequela of brain disorders. This study aimed to determine the therapeutic potential of MSCs-derived exosomes on cognitive function and neurogenesis of METH-addicted rodents. METHODS Male BALB/c mice were subjected to chronic METH addiction, followed by intravenous administration of bone marrow MSCs-derived exosomes. Then, the spatial memory and recognition memory of animals were assessed by the Barnes maze and the novel object recognition test (NORT). The neurogenesis-related factors, including NeuN and DCX, and the expression of Iba-1, a microglial activation marker, were assessed in the hippocampus by immunofluorescence staining. Also, the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and NF-κB, were evaluated by western blotting. RESULTS The results showed that BMSCs-exosomes improved the time spent in the target quadrant and correct-to-wrong relative time in the Barnes maze. Also, NORT's discrimination index (DI) and recognition index (RI) were improved following exosome therapy. Additionally, exosome therapy significantly increased the expression of NeuN and DCX in the hippocampus while decreasing the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and NF-κB. Besides, BMSC-exosomes down-regulated the expression of Iba-1. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that BMSC-exosomes mitigated METH-caused cognitive dysfunction by improving neurogenesis and inhibiting neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Fallahi
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of PhysiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Hamid Soltani Zangbar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical SciencesTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Department of PhysiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Neurosciences Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical SciencesTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Fariba Ghiasi
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of PhysiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of PhysiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical SciencesTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Biomedical EducationCalifornia Health Sciences University, College of Osteopathic MedicineClovisCaliforniaUSA
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Li Y, Li L, Wei S, Yao J, Liang B, Chu X, Wang L, Liu H, Liao D, Liu D, Jiang P. Integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics to elucidate the mechanism by which taurine protects against DOX-induced depression. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2686. [PMID: 38302509 PMCID: PMC10834502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anticancer drug with potent antitumour activity. However, the application of DOX is limited by its adverse reactions, such as depression. Taurine can alleviate depression induced by multiple factors. However, it is still unclear whether and how taurine improves DOX-induced depression. To address this question, the aim of this study was to explore the potential mechanism by which taurine protects against DOX-induced depression. Mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8): (1) the control group, (2) the DOX group, and (3) the DOX + taurine group. The open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze test, and forced swim test (FST) were first performed to assess the effects of DOX and taurine on the behaviour of mice. Next, a combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis was performed to analyse the possible antidepressive effect of taurine. Taurine pretreatment increased the total distance travelled and speed of mice in the OFT, increased the number of entries into the open arm and the time spent in the open arm, and reduced the immobility time in the FST. In addition, 179 differential genes and 51 differentially abundant metabolites were detected in the DOX + taurine group compared to the DOX group. Furthermore, differential genes and differentially abundant metabolites were found to be jointly involved in 21 pathways, which may be closely related to the antidepressant effect of taurine. Taurine alleviated DOX-induced depressive behaviour. The various pathways identified in this study, such as the serotonergic synapse and the inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels, may be key regulatory pathways related to depression and antidepressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Luxi Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Graduate, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jia Yao
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Benhui Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xue Chu
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Dehua Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Daotong Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China.
| | - Pei Jiang
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China.
- Institute of Translational Pharmacy, Jining Medical Research Academy, Jining, China.
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3
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Bai X, Wang B, Cui Y, Tian S, Zhang Y, You L, Chang YZ, Gao G. Hepcidin deficiency impairs hippocampal neurogenesis and mediates brain atrophy and memory decline in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:15. [PMID: 38195497 PMCID: PMC10777572 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-03008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepcidin is the master regulator of iron homeostasis. Hepcidin downregulation has been demonstrated in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, the mechanism underlying the role of hepcidin downregulation in cognitive impairment has not been elucidated. METHODS In the present study, we generated GFAP-Cre-mediated hepcidin conditional knockout mice (HampGFAP cKO) to explore the effect of hepcidin deficiency on hippocampal structure and neurocognition. RESULTS We found that the HampGFAP cKO mice developed AD-like brain atrophy and memory deficits. In particular, the weight of the hippocampus and the number of granule neurons in the dentate gyrus were significantly reduced. Further investigation demonstrated that the morphological change in the hippocampus of HampGFAP cKO mice was attributed to impaired neurogenesis caused by decreased proliferation of neural stem cells. Regarding the molecular mechanism, increased iron content after depletion of hepcidin followed by an elevated level of the inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor-α accounted for the impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis in HampGFAP cKO mice. These observations were further verified in GFAP promoter-driven hepcidin knockdown mice and in Nestin-Cre-mediated hepcidin conditional knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS The present findings demonstrated a critical role for hepcidin in hippocampal neurogenesis and validated the importance of iron and associated inflammatory cytokines as key modulators of neurodevelopment, providing insights into the potential pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction and related treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular BiologyHebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular BiologyHebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Yiduo Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular BiologyHebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Siqi Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular BiologyHebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular BiologyHebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Linhao You
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular BiologyHebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular BiologyHebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China.
| | - Guofen Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular BiologyHebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China.
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Zheng Y, Zhang X, Zhang R, Wang Z, Gan J, Gao Q, Yang L, Xu P, Jiang X. Inflammatory signaling pathways in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with inhibitors, natural products and metabolites (Review). Int J Mol Med 2023; 52:111. [PMID: 37800614 PMCID: PMC10558228 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricate nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis poses a persistent obstacle to drug development. In recent times, neuroinflammation has emerged as a crucial pathogenic mechanism of AD, and the targeting of inflammation has become a viable approach for the prevention and management of AD. The present study conducted a comprehensive review of the literature between October 2012 and October 2022, identifying a total of 96 references, encompassing 91 distinct pharmaceuticals that have been investigated for their potential impact on AD by inhibiting neuroinflammation. Research has shown that pharmaceuticals have the potential to ameliorate AD by reducing neuroinflammation mainly through regulating inflammatory signaling pathways such as NF‑κB, MAPK, NLRP3, PPARs, STAT3, CREB, PI3K/Akt, Nrf2 and their respective signaling pathways. Among them, tanshinone IIA has been extensively studied for its anti‑inflammatory effects, which have shown significant pharmacological properties and can be applied clinically. Thus, it may hold promise as an effective drug for the treatment of AD. The present review elucidated the inflammatory signaling pathways of pharmaceuticals that have been investigated for their therapeutic efficacy in AD and elucidates their underlying mechanisms. This underscores the auspicious potential of pharmaceuticals in ameliorating AD by impeding neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruifeng Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Gan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Qing Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Pengjuan Xu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
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Plakkot B, Di Agostino A, Subramanian M. Implications of Hypothalamic Neural Stem Cells on Aging and Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050769. [PMID: 36899905 PMCID: PMC10000584 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus, one of the major regulatory centers in the brain, controls various homeostatic processes, and hypothalamic neural stem cells (htNSCs) have been observed to interfere with hypothalamic mechanisms regulating aging. NSCs play a pivotal role in the repair and regeneration of brain cells during neurodegenerative diseases and rejuvenate the brain tissue microenvironment. The hypothalamus was recently observed to be involved in neuroinflammation mediated by cellular senescence. Cellular senescence, or systemic aging, is characterized by a progressive irreversible state of cell cycle arrest that causes physiological dysregulation in the body and it is evident in many neuroinflammatory conditions, including obesity. Upregulation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress due to senescence has the potential to alter the functioning of NSCs. Various studies have substantiated the chances of obesity inducing accelerated aging. Therefore, it is essential to explore the potential effects of htNSC dysregulation in obesity and underlying pathways to develop strategies to address obesity-induced comorbidities associated with brain aging. This review will summarize hypothalamic neurogenesis associated with obesity and prospective NSC-based regenerative therapy for the treatment of obesity-induced cardiovascular conditions.
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The Dialogue Between Neuroinflammation and Adult Neurogenesis: Mechanisms Involved and Alterations in Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:923-959. [PMID: 36383328 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis occurs mainly in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles. Evidence supports the critical role of adult neurogenesis in various conditions, including cognitive dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Several factors can alter adult neurogenesis, including genetic, epigenetic, age, physical activity, diet, sleep status, sex hormones, and central nervous system (CNS) disorders, exerting either pro-neurogenic or anti-neurogenic effects. Compelling evidence suggests that any insult or injury to the CNS, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), infectious diseases, or neurodegenerative disorders, can provoke an inflammatory response in the CNS. This inflammation could either promote or inhibit neurogenesis, depending on various factors, such as chronicity and severity of the inflammation and underlying neurological disorders. Notably, neuroinflammation, driven by different immune components such as activated glia, cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species, can regulate every step of adult neurogenesis, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, survival of newborn neurons, maturation, synaptogenesis, and neuritogenesis. Therefore, this review aims to present recent findings regarding the effects of various components of the immune system on adult neurogenesis and to provide a better understanding of the role of neuroinflammation and neurogenesis in the context of neurological disorders, including AD, PD, ischemic stroke (IS), seizure/epilepsy, TBI, sleep deprivation, cognitive impairment, and anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. For each disorder, some of the most recent therapeutic candidates, such as curcumin, ginseng, astragaloside, boswellic acids, andrographolide, caffeine, royal jelly, estrogen, metformin, and minocycline, have been discussed based on the available preclinical and clinical evidence.
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7
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Abd Elrahim Abd Elkader HT, Essawy AE, Al-Shami AS. Astragalus species: Phytochemistry, biological actions and molecular mechanisms underlying their potential neuroprotective effects on neurological diseases. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 202:113293. [PMID: 35780924 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses are prevalent and life-threatening disorders characterized by a wide range of clinical syndromes and comorbidities, all of which have complex origins and share common molecular pathomechanisms. Although the pathophysiology of neurological illnesses is not completely understood, researchers have discovered that several ion channels and signalling pathways may have played a role in disease pathogenesis. Active substances from Astragalus sp. are being employed for nutrition, and their usefulness in the treatment of neurological illnesses is receiving more attention. Because their extracts and active components exert different pharmacological effects on a variety of ailments, they have a long history of usage as a cure for various diseases. This review summarizes the research work on Astragalus and their biologically active constituents as potential candidates for the protection against and treatment of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders to show the potential efficacy of Astragalus sp. and its active ingredients in treating some neurological diseases. Simultaneously, the chemical structures of these active compounds, their sources, biological properties, and mechanisms are also listed. In ethnopharmacological applications, Astragalus membranaceus and spinosus have been studied as traditional medicines worldwide. The chemical constituents of Astragalus species mainly comprise terpenoids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. The extracts and phytochemical compounds of Astragalus species exhibit various pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antitumor, anticonvulsive, immunomodulatory, and other activities. Based on the current literature, we conclude that Astragalus is a promising dietary herb with multiple potential signal modulating applications that mainly include the modulation of neurotransmitters and receptors, anti-inflammatory activities, inhibition of amyloid aggregation, induction of myelin sheath repair and neurogenesis, as well as activation of the signalling pathways relevant to neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amina E Essawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Al-Shami
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Biotechnology Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Rodríguez-Bodero A, Encinas-Pérez JM. Does the plasticity of neural stem cells and neurogenesis make them biosensors of disease and damage? Front Neurosci 2022; 16:977209. [PMID: 36161150 PMCID: PMC9493188 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.977209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal and adult neurogenesis takes place in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in the vast majority of mammals due to the persistence of a population of neural stem cells (NSCs) that also generate astrocytes and more NSCs. These are highly plastic and dynamic phenomena that undergo continuous modifications in response to the changes brain homeostasis. The properties of NSCs as well as the process of neurogenesis and gliogenesis, are reshaped divergently by changes in neuronal activity and by different types of disease and damage. This richness of plastic responses identifies NSCs and newborn neurons as biosensors of the health state of the hippocampus, detecting and providing useful information about processes such as neuronal and network hyperexcitation, excitotoxicity, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation. Learning to gather and use this information is a challenge worth of our attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Rodríguez-Bodero
- The Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis Lab, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Encinas-Pérez
- The Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis Lab, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, The Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan Manuel Encinas-Pérez,
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Khan FZ, Mostaid MS, Apu MNH. Molecular Signaling Pathway Targeted Therapeutic Potential of Thymoquinone in Alzheimer’s disease. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09874. [PMID: 35832342 PMCID: PMC9272348 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with rapid progression. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) is a nutraceutical that has been investigated as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for this disease due to its ability to prevent or retard the progression of neurodegeneration. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the main bioactive compound isolated from the seeds of black cumin. Several reports have shown that it has promising potential in the prevention and treatment of AD due to its significant antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties along with several other mechanisms that target the altered signaling pathways due to the disease pathogenesis. In addition, it shows anticholinesterase activity and prevents α-synuclein induced synaptic damage. The aim of this review is to summarize the potential aspects and mechanisms by which TQ imparts its action in AD.
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Experimental Arthritis Inhibits Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050791. [PMID: 35269413 PMCID: PMC8909078 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adult-born neurons of the hippocampal dentate gyrus play a role in specific forms of learning, and disturbed neurogenesis seems to contribute to the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as major depression. Neuroinflammation inhibits adult neurogenesis, but the effect of peripheral inflammation on this form of neuroplasticity is ambiguous. Objective: Our aim was to investigate the influence of acute and chronic experimental arthritis on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and to elucidate putative regulatory mechanisms. Methods: Arthritis was triggered by subcutaneous injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into the hind paws of adult male mice. The animals were killed either seven days (acute inflammation) or 21 days (chronic inflammation) after the CFA injection. Behavioral tests were used to demonstrate arthritis-related hypersensitivity to painful stimuli. We used in vivo bioluminescence imaging to verify local inflammation. The systemic inflammatory response was assessed by complete blood cell counts and by measurement of the cytokine/chemokine concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, KC and MIP-2 in the inflamed hind limbs, peripheral blood and hippocampus to characterize the inflammatory responses in the periphery and in the brain. In the hippocampal dentate gyrus, the total number of newborn neurons was determined with quantitative immunohistochemistry visualizing BrdU- and doublecortin-positive cells. Microglial activation in the dentate gyrus was determined by quantifying the density of Iba1- and CD68-positive cells. Results: Both acute and chronic arthritis resulted in paw edema, mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. We found phagocytic infiltration and increased levels of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, KC and MIP-2 in the inflamed hind paws. Circulating neutrophil granulocytes and IL-6 levels increased in the blood solely during the acute phase. In the dentate gyrus, chronic arthritis reduced the number of doublecortin-positive cells, and we found increased density of CD68-positive macrophages/microglia in both the acute and chronic phases. Cytokine levels, however, were not altered in the hippocampus. Conclusions: Our data suggest that acute peripheral inflammation initiates a cascade of molecular and cellular changes that eventually leads to reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis, which was detectable only in the chronic inflammatory phase.
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11
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NaF-induced neurotoxicity via activation of the IL-1β/JNK signaling pathway. Toxicology 2022; 469:153132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Worthen RJ, Beurel E. Inflammatory and neurodegenerative pathophysiology implicated in postpartum depression. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 165:105646. [PMID: 35104645 PMCID: PMC8956291 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common psychiatric complication associated with pregnancy and childbirth with debilitating symptoms that negatively impact the quality of life of the mother as well as inflict potentially long-lasting developmental impairments to the child. Much of the theoretical pathophysiology put forth to explain the emergence of PPD overlaps with that of major depressive disorder (MDD) and, although not conventionally described in such terms, can be seen as neurodegenerative in nature. Framing the disorder from the perspective of the well-established inflammatory theory of depression, symptoms are thought to be driven by dysregulation, and subsequent hyperactivation of the body's immune response to stress. Compounded by physiological stressors such as drastic fluctuations in hormone signaling, physical and psychosocial stressors placed upon new mothers lay bare a number of significant vulnerabilities, or points of potential failure, in systems critical for maintaining healthy brain function. The inability to compensate or properly adapt to meet the changing demands placed upon these systems has the potential to damage neurons, hinder neuronal growth and repair, and disrupt neuronal circuit integrity such that essential functional outputs like mood and cognition are altered. The impact of this deterioration in brain function, which includes depressive symptoms, extends to the child who relies on the mother for critical life-sustaining care as well as important cognitive stimulation, accentuating the need for further research.
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Bremner JD, Wittbrodt MT, Gurel NZ, Shandhi MH, Gazi AH, Jiao Y, Levantsevych OM, Huang M, Beckwith J, Herring I, Murrah N, Driggers EG, Ko YA, Alkhalaf ML, Soudan M, Shallenberger L, Hankus AN, Nye JA, Park J, Woodbury A, Mehta PK, Rapaport MH, Vaccarino V, Shah AJ, Pearce BD, Inan OT. Transcutaneous Cervical Vagal Nerve Stimulation in Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Pilot Study of Effects on PTSD Symptoms and Interleukin-6 Response to Stress. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021; 6:100190. [PMID: 34778863 PMCID: PMC8580056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly disabling condition associated with alterations in multiple neurobiological systems, including increases in inflammatory and sympathetic function, responsible for maintenance of symptoms. Treatment options including medications and psychotherapies have limitations. We previously showed that transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (tcVNS) blocks inflammatory (interleukin (IL)-6) responses to stress in PTSD. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of tcVNS on PTSD symptoms and inflammatory responses to stress. METHODS Twenty patients with PTSD were randomized to double blind active tcVNS (N=9) or sham (N=11) stimulation in conjunction with exposure to personalized traumatic scripts immediately followed by active or sham tcVNS and measurement of IL-6 and other biomarkers of inflammation. Patients then self administered active or sham tcVNS twice daily for three months. PTSD symptoms were measured with the PTSD Checklist (PCL) and the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), clinical improvement with the Clinical Global Index (CGI) and anxiety with the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (Ham-A) at baseline and one-month intervals followed by a repeat of measurement of biomarkers with traumatic scripts. After three months patients self treated with twice daily open label active tcVNS for another three months followed by assessment with the CGI. RESULTS Traumatic scripts increased IL-6 in PTSD patients, an effect that was blocked by tcVNS (p<.05). Active tcVNS treatment for three months resulted in a 31% greater reduction in PTSD symptoms compared to sham treatment as measured by the PCL (p=0.013) as well as hyperarousal symptoms and somatic anxiety measured with the Ham-A p<0.05). IL-6 increased from baseline in sham but not tcVNS. Open label tcVNS resulted in improvements measured with the CGI compared to the sham treatment period p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results suggest that tcVNS reduces inflammatory responses to stress, which may in part underlie beneficial effects on PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Douglas Bremner
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Matthew T. Wittbrodt
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nil Z. Gurel
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - MdMobashir H. Shandhi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Asim H. Gazi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yunshen Jiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Oleksiy M. Levantsevych
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Minxuan Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joy Beckwith
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Isaias Herring
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nancy Murrah
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Emily G. Driggers
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - MhmtJamil L. Alkhalaf
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Majd Soudan
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lucy Shallenberger
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Allison N. Hankus
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jonathon A. Nye
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeanie Park
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anna Woodbury
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Puja K. Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mark H. Rapaport
- Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Amit J. Shah
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bradley D. Pearce
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Omer T. Inan
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- Coulter Department of Bioengineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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14
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Groves T, Corley C, Byrum SD, Allen AR. The Effects of 5-Fluorouracil/Leucovorin Chemotherapy on Cognitive Function in Male Mice. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:762116. [PMID: 34778377 PMCID: PMC8581634 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.762116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) and leucovorin (LV) are often given in combination to treat colorectal cancer. 5-Fu/LV prevents cell proliferation by inhibiting thymidylate synthase, which catalyzes the conversion of deoxyuridine monophosphate to deoxythymidine monophosphate. While 5-Fu has been shown to cause cognitive impairment, the synergistic effect of 5-Fu with LV has not been fully explored. The present investigation was designed to assess how the combination of 5-Fu and LV affect cognition in a murine model. Six-month-old male mice were used in this study; 15 mice received saline injections and 15 mice received 5-Fu/LV injections. One month after treatment, the elevated plus maze, Y-maze, and Morris water maze behavioral tasks were performed. Brains were then extracted, cryosectioned, and stained for CD68 to assay microglial activation and with tomato lectin to assay the vasculature. All animals were able to locate the visible and hidden platform locations in the water maze. However, a significant impairment in spatial memory retention was observed in the probe trial after the first day of hidden-platform training (first probe trial) in animals that received 5-Fu/LV, but these animals showed spatial memory retention by day 5. There were no significant increases in inflammation as measured by CD68, but 5-Fu/LV treatment did modulate blood vessel morphology. Tandem mass tag proteomics analysis identified 6,049 proteins, 7 of which were differentially expressed with a p-value of <0.05 and a fold change of >1.5. The present data demonstrate that 5-Fu/LV increases anxiety and significantly impairs spatial memory retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Groves
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Christa Corley
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Stephanie D Byrum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Antiño R Allen
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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15
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Genel O, Pariante CM, Borsini A. The role of AQP4 in the pathogenesis of depression, and possible related mechanisms. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 98:366-377. [PMID: 34474133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the aquaporin 4 (AQP4) water-regulatory channel or production of autoantibodies against this protein have been implicated in a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions, and possible mechanisms have been proposed. However, the nature of the interaction between AQP4 expression and its implications in depression remain elusive. To our knowledge, this is the first review summarising data for the involvement of AQP4 in the context of depression and related mechanisms across a wide range of experimental studies: pre-clinical (KO and wild-type), post-mortem, ex vivo, and clinical studies in depression. Overall, preclinical AQP4 wild-type studies showed that exposure to stress or inflammation, used as models of depression, decreased AQP4 protein and gene expression in various brain regions, including prefrontal cortex (PFC), choroid plexus and, especially, hippocampus. In preclinical AQP4 KO studies, AQP4 expression is necessary to prevent the effect of stress and inflammation on reduced neurogenesis and gliogenesis, and increased apoptosis and depressive-like behaviours. While in post-mortem and ex vivo studies of depression AQP4 expression was usually decreased in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and locus coeruleus, in clinical studies, where mRNA AQP4 expression or serum AQP4 autoantibodies were measured, there were no differences in depressed patients when compared with controls. In the future, studies should further investigate the mechanisms underlying the action of AQP4, and continue exploring if AQP4 autoantibodies are either contributing or underlying mechanisms of depression, or whether they are simply a mechanism underlying other autoimmune conditions where depression is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oktay Genel
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; School of Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, UK
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
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16
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Macht V, Vetreno R, Elchert N, Crews F. Galantamine prevents and reverses neuroimmune induction and loss of adult hippocampal neurogenesis following adolescent alcohol exposure. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:212. [PMID: 34530858 PMCID: PMC8447570 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge ethanol exposure during adolescence reduces hippocampal neurogenesis, a reduction which persists throughout adulthood despite abstinence. This loss of neurogenesis, indicated by reduced doublecortin+ immunoreactivity (DCX+IR), is paralleled by an increase in hippocampal proinflammatory signaling cascades. As galantamine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, has anti-inflammatory actions, we tested the hypothesis that galantamine would prevent (study 1) or restore (study 2) AIE induction of proinflammatory signals within the hippocampus as well as AIE-induced loss of hippocampal neurogenesis. METHODS Galantamine (4 mg/kg) or vehicle (saline) was administered to Wistar rats during adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE; 5.0 g/kg ethanol, 2 days on/2 days off, postnatal day [P] 25-54) (study 1, prevention) or after AIE during abstinent maturation to adulthood (study 2, restoration). RESULTS Results indicate AIE reduced DCX+IR and induced cleaved caspase3 (Casp3) in DCX-expressing immature neurons. Excitingly, AIE induction of activated Casp3 in DCX-expressing neurons is both prevented and reversed by galantamine treatment, which also resulted in prevention and restoration of neurogenesis (DCX+IR). Similarly, galantamine prevented and/or reversed AIE induction of proinflammatory markers, including the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, suggesting that AIE induction of proinflammatory signaling mediates both cell death cascades and hippocampal neurogenesis. Interestingly, galantamine treatment increased Ki67+IR generally as well as increased pan-Trk expression specifically in AIE-treated rats but failed to reverse AIE induction of NADPH-oxidase (gp91phox). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our studies suggest that (1) loss of neurogenesis after AIE is mediated by persistent induction of proinflammatory cascades which drive activation of cell death machinery in immature neurons, and (2) galantamine can prevent and restore AIE disruptions in the hippocampal environmental milieu to then prevent and restore AIE-mediated loss of neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Macht
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 104 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Ryan Vetreno
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 104 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Natalie Elchert
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 104 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Fulton Crews
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 104 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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17
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Tan X, Gao L, Cai X, Zhang M, Huang D, Dang Q, Bao L. Vitamin D 3 alleviates cognitive impairment through regulating inflammatory stress in db/db mice. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4803-4814. [PMID: 34531993 PMCID: PMC8441317 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a higher risk to develop cognitive impairment. Several studies reported the potential roles of vitamin D in prevention of cognitive impairment, but the mechanism remains unclear. The present study aims to investigate the protective effects of vitamin D3 on cognitive impairment in db/db mice and to explore the possible mechanism. Twelve-week-old male db/db mice were randomly administrated with low, medium, and high dose of vitamin D3 (LVD, MVD, and HVD groups, respectively) and equivalent volume vitamin D3 solvent (corn oil, DM group) intragastrically. Eight age-matched db/m mice were given equivalent volume corn oil as normal group. After 16 weeks of vitamin D3 treatment, the concentrations of fasting serum glucose in three vitamin D3 groups (especially the 1,000 IU/kg·bw dose) were significantly decreased compared with DM group. Pathology revealed that the neuron damage was reduced in vitamin D3 groups. MVD intervention significantly shortened the escape latency on day 5 and extended time in the target quadrant. Mice in HVD group had significantly higher exploration time and discrimination index compared with the DM group mice. Moreover, vitamin D3 treatment has increased the phosphorylation of cAMP-response element-binding protein and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vitamin D receptor. This treatment, meanwhile, has decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, the phosphorylation of inhibitor kappa Bα (IκBα), and nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) in the hippocampus of db/db mice. These results suggest that vitamin D3 alleviated cognitive impairment in the hippocampus of db/db mice. Down-regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins IκBα and p65 might be one of the possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomu Tan
- Neurology DepartmentLuhe HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lifang Gao
- School of Public HealthBeijing Key Laboratory of Environmental ToxicologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaxia Cai
- School of Public HealthBeijing Key Laboratory of Environmental ToxicologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- School of Public HealthBeijing Key Laboratory of Environmental ToxicologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Dongxu Huang
- School of Public HealthBeijing Key Laboratory of Environmental ToxicologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qinyu Dang
- School of Public HealthBeijing Key Laboratory of Environmental ToxicologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Clinical NutritionPeking University International HospitalBeijingChina
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18
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Linagliptin Protects Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells against Amyloid-β Cytotoxicity via the Activation of Wnt1 and Suppression of IL-6 Release. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2021; 25:343-8. [PMID: 34425652 PMCID: PMC8487681 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.25.5.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative disorders typified by the aggregate of amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau protein. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, because of Aβ peptides, are strongly involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Linagliptin shows neuroprotective properties against AD pathological processes through alleviation of neural inflammation and AMPK activation. Methods We assessed the benefits of linagliptin pretreatment (at 10, 20, and 50 nM concentrations), against Aβ1-42 toxicity (20 μM) in SH-SY5Y cells. The concentrations of secreted cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and signaling proteins, including pCREB, Wnt1, and PKCε, were quantified by ELISA. Results We observed that Aβ led to cellular inflammation, which was assessed by measuring inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). Moreover, Aβ1-42 treatment impaired pCREB, PKCε, and Wnt1 signaling in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Addition of Linagliptin significantly reduced IL-6 levels in the lysates of cells, treated with Aβ1-42. Furthermore, linagliptin prevented the downregulation of Wnt1 in Aβ1-42-treated cells exposed. Conclusion The current findings reveal that linagliptin alleviates Aβ1-42-induced inflammation in SH-SY5Y cells, probably through the suppression of IL-6 release, and some of its benefits are mediated through the activation of the Wnt1 signaling pathway.
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19
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Lampignano L, Quaranta N, Bortone I, Tirelli S, Zupo R, Castellana F, Donghia R, Guerra V, Griseta C, Pesole PL, Chieppa M, Logroscino G, Lozupone M, Cisternino AM, De Pergola G, Panza F, Giannelli G, Boeing H, Sardone R. Dietary Habits and Nutrient Intakes Are Associated to Age-Related Central Auditory Processing Disorder in a Cohort From Southern Italy. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:629017. [PMID: 34025388 PMCID: PMC8134698 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.629017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) commonly occurs in older age. However, few studies of a possible link between age-related CAPD and diet in an older population have been conducted. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between eating habits and age-related CAPD in a population >65 years, using cross-sectional and retrospective data obtained in the same population-based study about 12 years ago. Methods We selected 734 participants (403 men) from a large population-based study. For age-related CAPD assessment, we used the Synthetic Sentence Identification with Ipsilateral Competitive Message test. Dietary habits were assessed by a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Associations between age-related CAPD and food groups/macro-and micronutrients were explored using adjusted logistic regression models. Results Age-related CAPD subjects consumed more dairy (111 vs. 98 g/d), olives and vegetable oil (63 vs. 52 g/d) and spirits (2 vs.1 g/d), and less fruits (536 vs. 651 g/d) in the cross-sectional analysis. Age-related CAPD subjects had a lower intake of potassium, vitamin C, and a higher fat intake. Further analyses identified dietary fiber as being inversely related to age-related CAPD. Discussion The present study provided evidence that the dietary hypotheses proposed for explaining the development of cognitive disorders in older age might also hold for age-related CAPD. Further data from other large and prospective population-based studies are needed for confirming these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Lampignano
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, "Salus in Apulia Study" National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Quaranta
- Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bortone
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, "Salus in Apulia Study" National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Sarah Tirelli
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, "Salus in Apulia Study" National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Zupo
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, "Salus in Apulia Study" National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Castellana
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, "Salus in Apulia Study" National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Rossella Donghia
- Data Analysis Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Guerra
- Data Analysis Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Griseta
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, "Salus in Apulia Study" National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasqua Letizia Pesole
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Marcello Chieppa
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico," Lecce, Italy
| | - Madia Lozupone
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Cisternino
- Ambulatory of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, "Salus in Apulia Study" National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, "Salus in Apulia Study" National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, "Salus in Apulia Study" National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, Bari, Italy.,Data Analysis Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, Bari, Italy.,German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Rodolfo Sardone
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, "Salus in Apulia Study" National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
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20
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Mason B, Calhoun C, Woytowicz V, Pina L, Kanda R, Dunn C, Alves A, Donaldson ST. CXCR4 inhibition with AMD3100 attenuates amphetamine induced locomotor activity in adolescent Long Evans male rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247707. [PMID: 33647040 PMCID: PMC7920371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent psychostimulant abuse has been on the rise over the past decade. This trend has demonstrable ramifications on adolescent behavior and brain morphology, increasing risk for development of addiction during adolescence and in later adulthood. Neuroimmune substrates are implicated in the etiology of substance use disorders. To add to this body of work, the current study was developed to explore the role of a chemokine receptor, CXC Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4), in the development of amphetamine (AMPH) sensitization. We targeted CXCR4 as it is implicated in developmental processes, dopaminergic transmission, neuroimmune responses, and the potentiation of psychostimulant abuse pathology. To evaluate the role of CXCR4 activity on the development of AMPH sensitization, a CXCR4 antagonist (Plerixafor; AMD3100) was administered to rats as a pretreatment variable. Specifically, adolescent Long Evans male rats (N = 37) were divided into four groups: (1) AMD3100 (IP, 4.0 mg/kg) + AMPH (IP, 4.0 mg/kg), (2) saline (SAL; 0.9% NaCl) + AMPH, (3) AMD3100 + SAL, and (4) SAL + SAL. Animals were first habituated to locomotor activity (LMA) chambers, then injected with a pretreatment drug (AMD3100 or SAL) followed by AMPH or SAL every other for four days. After a one-week withdrawal period, all animals were administered a low challenge dose of AMPH (IP, 1.0 mg/kg). AMPH-injected rats displayed significantly more locomotor activity compared to controls across all testing days. CXCR4 antagonism significantly attenuated AMPH-induced locomotor activity. On challenge day, AMD3100 pre-treated animals exhibited diminutive AMPH-induced locomotor activity compared to SAL pre-treated animals. Postmortem analyses of brain tissue revealed elevated CXCR4 protein levels in the striatum of all experimental groups. Our results implicate CXCR4 signaling in the development of AMPH sensitization and may represent an important therapeutic target for future research in psychostimulant abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Mason
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Corey Calhoun
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Victoria Woytowicz
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Latifa Pina
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roshninder Kanda
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Curtis Dunn
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Antonio Alves
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - S. Tiffany Donaldson
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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21
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The Expanding Regulatory Mechanisms and Cellular Functions of Long Non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2916-2939. [PMID: 33555549 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
LncRNAs have emerged as important regulatory molecules in biological processes. They serve as regulators of gene expression pathways through interactions with proteins, RNA, and DNA. LncRNA expression is altered in several diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, trauma, and infection. More recently, it has become clear that lncRNAs contribute to regulating both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways in the CNS. In this review, we discuss the molecular pathways involved in the expression of lncRNAs, their role and mechanism of action during gene regulation, cellular functions, and use of lncRNAs as therapeutic targets during neuroinflammation in CNS disorders.
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22
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Antsiferova AA, Kopaeva MY, Kochkin VN, Kashkarov PK, Kovalchuk MV. Disturbance in Mammalian Cognition Caused by Accumulation of Silver in Brain. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9020030. [PMID: 33546349 PMCID: PMC7913520 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of daily prolonged administration of silver nanoparticles on the cognitive functions of a model mammal was studied. The accumulation of silver in the whole brain and the hippocampus, cerebellum, cortex and residual brain tissue of the mouse was investigated by highly precise and representative neutron activation analysis, and histological studies were conducted. Here, we show that long-term memory impairments were caused by the accumulation of silver nanoparticles in the brain and its subregions, such as the hippocampus, cerebellum and cortex, in a step-like manner by disturbance of hippocampal cell integrity. Three different approaches allowed us to observe this phenomenon and discover the reasons it occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Antsiferova
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.Y.K.); (V.N.K.); (P.K.K.); (M.V.K.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technologies, 9, Institutskii Lane, Moscow Region, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Marina Yu. Kopaeva
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.Y.K.); (V.N.K.); (P.K.K.); (M.V.K.)
| | - Vyacheslav N. Kochkin
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.Y.K.); (V.N.K.); (P.K.K.); (M.V.K.)
| | - Pavel K. Kashkarov
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.Y.K.); (V.N.K.); (P.K.K.); (M.V.K.)
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1, GSP-1, Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Kovalchuk
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.Y.K.); (V.N.K.); (P.K.K.); (M.V.K.)
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1, GSP-1, Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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23
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Wang Y, Xu B, Zhou J, Wang J, Wang G, Cao Y. An Aβ3-10-KLH vaccine decreases Aβ plaques and astrocytes and microglia activation in the brain of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2021. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2021-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Sebastian-Valverde M, Wu H, Al Rahim M, Sanchez R, Kumar K, De Vita RJ, Pasinetti GM. Discovery and characterization of small-molecule inhibitors of NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasomes. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100597. [PMID: 33781745 PMCID: PMC8095128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are macromolecular complexes involved in the host response to external and endogenous danger signals. Inflammasome-mediated sterile inflammation plays a central role in several human conditions such as autoimmune diseases, type-2 diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, indicating inflammasomes could be appealing therapeutic targets. Previous work has demonstrated that inhibiting the ATPase activity of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), disrupts inflammasome assembly and function. However, there is a necessity to find new potent compounds with therapeutic potential. Here we combine computational modeling of the target and virtual screening to discover a group of novel compounds predicted to inhibit NLRP3. We characterized the best compounds and determined their potency, specificity, and ability to inhibit processes downstream from NLRP3 activation. Moreover, we analyzed in mice the competence of a lead candidate to reduce lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. We also validated the active pharmacophore shared among all the NLRP3 inhibitors, and through computational docking, we clarify key structural features for compound positioning within the inflammasome ATP-binding site. Our study sets the basis for rational design and optimization of inflammasome-targeting probes and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry Wu
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Md Al Rahim
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Roberto Sanchez
- Drug Discovery Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kunal Kumar
- Drug Discovery Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert J De Vita
- Drug Discovery Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Giulio Maria Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.
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25
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Bremner JD, Gurel NZ, Jiao Y, Wittbrodt MT, Levantsevych OM, Huang M, Jung H, Shandhi MH, Beckwith J, Herring I, Rapaport MH, Murrah N, Driggers E, Ko YA, Alkhalaf ML, Soudan M, Song J, Ku BS, Shallenberger L, Hankus AN, Nye JA, Park J, Vaccarino V, Shah AJ, Inan OT, Pearce BD. Transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation blocks stress-induced activation of Interleukin-6 and interferon-γ in posttraumatic stress disorder: A double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 9:100138. [PMID: 34589887 PMCID: PMC8474180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly disabling condition associated with alterations in multiple neurobiological systems, including increases in inflammatory function. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) decreases inflammation, however few studies have examined the effects of non-invasive VNS on physiology in human subjects, and no studies in patients with PTSD. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of transcutaneous cervical VNS (tcVNS) on inflammatory responses to stress. Thirty subjects with a history of exposure to traumatic stress with (N = 10) and without (N = 20) PTSD underwent exposure to stressful tasks immediately followed by active or sham tcVNS and measurement of multiple biomarkers of inflammation (interleukin-(IL)-6, IL-2, IL-1β, Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα) and Interferon gamma (IFNγ) over multiple time points. Stressful tasks included exposure to personalized scripts of traumatic events on day 1, and public speech and mental arithmetic (Mental Stress) tasks on days 2 and 3. Traumatic scripts were associated with a pattern of subjective anger measured with Visual Analogue Scales and increased IL-6 and IFNγ in PTSD patients that was blocked by tcVNS (p < .05). Traumatic stress had minimal effects on these biomarkers in non-PTSD subjects and there was no difference between tcVNS or sham. No significant differences were seen between groups in IL-2, IL-1β, or TNFα. These results demonstrate that tcVNS blocks behavioral and inflammatory responses to stress reminders in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Douglas Bremner
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Departments of Radiology, and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Nil Z. Gurel
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yunshen Jiao
- Departments of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew T. Wittbrodt
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Minxuan Huang
- Departments of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hewon Jung
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - MdMobashir H. Shandhi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joy Beckwith
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Isaias Herring
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark H. Rapaport
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nancy Murrah
- Departments of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emily Driggers
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Majd Soudan
- Departments of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jiawei Song
- Departments of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benson S. Ku
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lucy Shallenberger
- Departments of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Allison N. Hankus
- Departments of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathon A. Nye
- Departments of Radiology, and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeanie Park
- Departments of Renal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Departments of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amit J. Shah
- Departments of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Omer T. Inan
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Coulter Department of Bioengineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bradley D. Pearce
- Departments of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
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26
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Raposo RDS, Pinto DV, Moreira R, Dias RP, Fontes Ribeiro CA, Oriá RB, Malva JO. Methylmercury Impact on Adult Neurogenesis: Is the Worst Yet to Come From Recent Brazilian Environmental Disasters? Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:591601. [PMID: 33328968 PMCID: PMC7719787 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.591601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide environmental tragedies of anthropogenic origin causing massive release of metals and other pollutants have been increasing considerably. These pollution outbreaks affect the ecosystems and impact human health. Among those tragedies, recent large-scale environmental disasters in Brazil strongly affected riverside populations, leading to high-risk exposure to methylmercury (MeHg). MeHg is highly neurotoxic to the developing brain. This toxicant causes neural stem cell dysfunction and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. However, less is known about the effects of MeHg in the postnatal neurogenic niche, which harbors neural stem cells and their progeny, in the adult brain. Therefore, taking in consideration the impact of MeHg in human health it is urgent to clarify possible associations between exposure to mercury, accelerated cognitive decline, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this perspectives paper, we discuss the neurotoxic mechanisms of MeHg on postnatal neurogenesis and the putative implications associated with accelerated brain aging and early-onset cognitive decline in populations highly exposed to this environmental neurotoxicant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon da Silva Raposo
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB) and Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Experimental Biology Core, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Daniel Vieira Pinto
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Moreira
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB) and Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ronaldo Pereira Dias
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Fontes Ribeiro
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB) and Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Reinaldo Barreto Oriá
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - João Oliveira Malva
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB) and Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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27
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Zhao S, Fan Z, Hu J, Zhu Y, Lin C, Shen T, Li Z, Li K, Liu Z, Chen Y, Zhang B. The differential effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane on neonatal mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19345. [PMID: 33168900 PMCID: PMC7652873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that exposure to volatile anesthetics can induce acute neuroinflammation and neuroapoptopsis in neonatal rodents and that these events can lead to cognitive dysfunction at later stages. Isoflurane and sevoflurane are two of the most popular anesthetics used in the field of pediatrics. However, the relative impact of these two anesthetics on the developing brain at distinct time points after the induction of anesthesia has not been compared. In the present study, we exposed 7-day-old mice to clinically equivalent doses of isoflurane (1.5%) and sevoflurane (2.5%) for 4 h and then investigated consequential changes in the brains of these mice at six different time points. We analyzed the levels of proteins that are directly related to neuroapoptosis, neuroinflammation, synaptic function, and memory, in the brains of neonatal mice. Exposure of neonatal mice to isoflurane and sevoflurane resulted in acute neuronal apoptosis. Our analysis observed significant levels of neuroinflammation and changes in the expression levels of proteins associated with both synaptic transmission and memory in mice from the isoflurane group but not the sevoflurane group. Our results therefore indicate that isoflurane and sevoflurane induce differential effects in the brains of neonatal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueli Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixiu Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheyu Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaicheng Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxing Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Xin J, Zeng D, Wang H, Sun N, Khalique A, Zhao Y, Wu L, Pan K, Jing B, Ni X. Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 improves intestinal environment against fluoride-induced memory impairment in mice-a study based on the gut-brain axis hypothesis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10125. [PMID: 33083147 PMCID: PMC7547597 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive fluoride can lead to chronic neurodegeneration characterized by neuron and myelin loss and memory dysfunction. The gut–brain axis hypothesis suggests that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating brain function. Thus, using probiotics to adjust the gut microenvironment may be a potential therapy for mental diseases. Methods Mice in the prob group were administrated with Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 for 28 days prior to and throughout a 70-day exposure to sodium fluoride. The drinking water of all groups (F and prob groups) except the control group were replaced by high-fluoride water (100 mg NaF/L) on day 28. Animals in each group were divided into two subsets: one underwent behavioral test, and the other was sacrificed for sampling. The mRNA expression level and protein content related to inflammatory reaction in the ileum and hippocampus were respectively detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression levels of proteins related to myelin structure, apoptosis, and memory in the hippocampus and tight junction proteins in the ileum were determined by RT-qPCR and/or immunohistochemistry. Gut permeability markers (D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO)) in the serum were also examined by ELISA. Results The results showed that fluoride exposure induced a lower spontaneous exploration (P < 0.05) in T-maze test, which indicated an impairment of memory. Spontaneous exploration of BS15-treated mice was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that in F group. Fluoride reduced (P < 0.05) levels of myelin structural protein (proteolipid protein) and neurogenesis-associated proteins (brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cAMP/Ca2+ responsive element-binding protein), induced disordered inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6; P < 0.05), increased pro-apoptotic genes (caspase-3; P < 0.05), and decreased anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl-2; P < 0.05) in the hippocampus, of which the influences were reversed by BS15. BS15 treatment exerted significant preventive effects on reversing the gut inflammation induced by excessive fluoride intake by reducing (P < 0.05) the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)) and remarkably increasing (P < 0.05) the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10). Moreover, the serum DAO activity and D-lactate concentration significantly increased by fluoride were also reduced (P < 0.05) by BS15. This result indicated the profitable effect of BS15 on gut permeability. Conclusion L. johnsonii BS15 intake could benefit the neuroinflammation and demyelination in the hippocampus by improving the gut environment and ameliorating fluorine-induced memory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinge Xin
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hesong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Abdul Khalique
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liqian Wu
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueqin Ni
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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29
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Mounier NM, Abdel-Maged AES, Wahdan SA, Gad AM, Azab SS. Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI): An overview of etiology and pathogenesis. Life Sci 2020. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI): An overview of etiology and pathogenesis. Life Sci 2020; 258:118071. [PMID: 32673664 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many cancer patients treated with chemotherapy develop chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI), often referred to as chemo-brain, which manifest during or post-treatment with variable degrees, onset and duration thereby affecting the patients' quality of life. Several chemotherapeutic agents have been studied to determine its possible association with cognitive impairment and to fully comprehend their contribution to CICI. A vast number of studies have emerged proposing several candidate underlying mechanisms and etiologies contributing to CICI such as direct neurotoxicity, BBB disruption, decreased hippocampal neurogenesis, white matter abnormalities, secondary neuro-inflammatory response and increased oxidative stress; however, the exact underlying mechanisms are still not well defined. This review summarizes CICI associated with most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents with emphasizes the possible underlying pathogenesis in both animal and clinical studies.
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31
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Mao ZF, Ouyang SH, Zhang QY, Wu YP, Wang GE, Tu LF, Luo Z, Li WX, Kurihara H, Li YF, He RR. New insights into the effects of caffeine on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in stressed mice: Inhibition of CORT-induced microglia activation. FASEB J 2020; 34:10998-11014. [PMID: 32619083 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000146rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress-evoked depression has been implied to associate with the decline of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Caffeine has been known to combat stress-evoked depression. Herein, we aim to investigate whether the protective effect of caffeine on depression is related with improving adult hippocampus neurogenesis and explore the mechanisms. Mouse chronic water immersion restraint stress (CWIRS) model, corticosterone (CORT)-established cell stress model, a coculture system containing CORT-treated BV-2 cells and hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) were utilized. Results showed that CWIRS caused obvious depressive-like disorders, abnormal 5-HT signaling, and elevated-plasma CORT levels. Notably, microglia activation-evoked brain inflammation and inhibited neurogenesis were also observed in the hippocampus of stressed mice. In comparison, intragastric administration of caffeine (10 and 20 mg/kg, 28 days) significantly reverted CWIRS-induced depressive behaviors, neurogenesis recession and microglia activation in the hippocampus. Further evidences from both in vivo and in vitro mechanistic experiments demonstrated that caffeine treatment significantly suppressed microglia activation via the A2AR/MEK/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. The results suggested that CORT-induced microglia activation contributes to stress-mediated neurogenesis recession. The antidepression effect of caffeine was associated with unlocking microglia activation-induced neurogenesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Fu Mao
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Hua Ouyang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong-Yi Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ping Wu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-En Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long-Fang Tu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Luo
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Xi Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Yu Q, Zhong X, Chen B, Feng Y, Ma M, Diamond CA, Voeller JS, Kim M, DeSantes KB, Capitini CM, Patel NJ, Hoover-Regan ML, Burke MJ, Janko K, Puccetti DM, Ikonomidou C, Li L. Isobaric Labeling Strategy Utilizing 4-Plex N, N-Dimethyl Leucine (DiLeu) Tags Reveals Proteomic Changes Induced by Chemotherapy in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children with B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2606-2616. [PMID: 32396724 PMCID: PMC7334086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of mass spectrometry for protein identification and quantification in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is at the forefront of research efforts to identify and explore biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of neurologic disorders. Here we implemented a 4-plex N,N-dimethyl leucine (DiLeu) isobaric labeling strategy in a longitudinal study aiming to investigate protein dynamics in children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-cell ALL) undergoing chemotherapy. The temporal profile of CSF proteome during chemotherapy treatment at weeks 5, 10-14, and 24-28 highlighted many differentially expressed proteins, such as neural cell adhesion molecule, neuronal growth regulator 1, and secretogranin-3, all of which play important roles in neurodegenerative diseases. A total of 63 proteins were significantly altered across all of the time points investigated. The most over-represented biological processes from gene ontology analysis included platelet degranulation, complement activation, cell adhesion, fibrinolysis, neuron projection, regeneration, and regulation of neuron death. We expect that results from this and future studies will provide a means to monitor neurotoxicity and develop strategies to prevent central nervous system injury in response to chemotherapy in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinying Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Xiaofang Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Bingming Chen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Yu Feng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Min Ma
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Carol A. Diamond
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Julie S. Voeller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Miriam Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kenneth B. DeSantes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Christian M. Capitini
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Neha J. Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Margo L. Hoover-Regan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Michael J. Burke
- Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Pediatric Leukemia & Lymphoma Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kimberly Janko
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Diane M. Puccetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Chrysanthy Ikonomidou
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Li Y, Liang W, Guo C, Chen X, Huang Y, Wang H, Song L, Zhang D, Zhan W, Lin Z, Tan H, Bei W, Guo J. Renshen Shouwu extract enhances neurogenesis and angiogenesis via inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway following ischemic stroke in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112616. [PMID: 32007631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Renshen Shouwu extract (RSSW) is a patented Traditional Chinese Medicine included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia for neurasthenia, forgetfulness, insomnia, inappetence and excessive fatigue. Our previous study had demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of RSSW against ischemic stroke in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). However, its underlying mechanism remains unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we investigated the neurogenesis and angiogenesis effects of RSSW in ischemic stroke rats, and further revealed its underlying mechanism focused on TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, active compounds of RSSW were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Secondly, Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed to induce ischemic stroke in rats and 2, 3, 5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was employed to evaluate whether MCAO surgery was successfully established. Neurological deficit evaluation was conducted according to the Zea Longa' method. Then, we explored the neurogenesis and angiogenesis effects after oral administration of RSSW (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg) in MCAO-induced rats by Immunofluorescence Staining. Moreover, the proteins involved in TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway (TLR4, p-NF-κB p65, NF-κB p65, NLRP3, pro-IL-1β, IL-1β, pro-Caspase-1, Caspase-1) were determined by western blotting. RESULTS It was observed that RSSW treatment significantly increased the number of newborn neurons and brain microvessel density (MVD) after ischemic stroke. What's more, RSSW treatment significantly downregulated TLR4, p-NF-κB p65/p65, NLRP3, pro-IL-1β, IL-1β, pro-Caspase-1, Caspase-1 proteins involved in TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS RSSW enhances neurogenesis and angiogenesis via inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammatory signaling pathway following ischemic stroke in rats. Hence, RSSW may be a promising Chinese Medicine for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Wenyi Liang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Caijuan Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xu Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yijian Huang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Lixia Song
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Wenjing Zhan
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Ziyang Lin
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Haibo Tan
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Guangdong Province Research Centre for Chinese Integrative Medicine Against Metabolic Disease, PR China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory Against Metabolic Diseases, PR China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, PR China; Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Province Research Centre for Chinese Integrative Medicine Against Metabolic Disease, PR China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory Against Metabolic Diseases, PR China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, PR China; Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Giacobbe J, Benoiton B, Zunszain P, Pariante CM, Borsini A. The Anti-Inflammatory Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Metabolites in Pre-Clinical Models of Psychiatric, Neurodegenerative, and Neurological Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:122. [PMID: 32180741 PMCID: PMC7059745 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been identified as one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Despite the role of inflammation in those conditions, there is still a lack of effective anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) can reduce depressive symptoms and exert anti-inflammatory action putatively by the production of distinct n-3 PUFA-derived metabolites, such as resolvins D (RvD) and E (RvE) series, maresins (MaR) and protectins (PD), which are collectively named specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and act as strong anti-inflammatory agents. In this review we summarize evidence showing the effects of treatment with those metabolites in pre-clinical models of psychiatric, neurodegenerative and neurological disorders. A total of 25 pre-clinical studies were identified using the PubMed database. Overall, RvD and RvE treatment improved depressive-like behaviors, whereas protectins and maresins ameliorated neurological function. On a cellular level, RvDs increased serotonin levels in a model of depression, and decreased gliosis in neurodegenerative disorders. Protectins prevented neurite and dendrite retraction and apoptosis in models of neurodegeneration, while maresins reduced cell death across all studies. In terms of mechanisms, all SPMs down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines. Resolvins activated mTOR and MAP/ERK signaling in models of depression, while resolvins and maresins activated the NF-κB pathway in models of neurodegeneration and neurological disorders. Our review indicates a potential promising approach for tailored therapy with n-3 PUFAs-derived metabolites in the treatment of psychiatric, neurodegenerative, and neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Giacobbe
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bonnie Benoiton
- Guy's King's and St. Thomas' School of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Zunszain
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carmine M. Pariante
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Chiu H, Lee H, Lee K, Zhao Y, Hsu CY, Shyu W. Mechanisms of ischaemic neural progenitor proliferation: a regulatory role of the HIF‐1α‐CBX7 pathway. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 46:391-405. [PMID: 31630421 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H.‐Y. Chiu
- Children’s Hospital China Medical University and Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - H.‐T. Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan
| | - K.‐H. Lee
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Y. Zhao
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - C. Y. Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science and Drug Development Center China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - W.C. Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science and Drug Development Center China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center China Medical University & Hospital Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Neurology China Medical University & Hospital Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy Asia University Taichung Taiwan
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36
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Nutrients in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9874159. [PMID: 31565158 PMCID: PMC6746160 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9874159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a disease caused by the complex interaction of multiple mechanisms, some of which are still not fully understood. To date, pharmacological treatments and supplementation of individual nutrients have been poorly effective in terms of the prevention and treatment of AD, while alternative strategies based on multimodal approaches (diet, exercise, and cognitive training) seem to be more promising. In this context, the focus on dietary patterns rather than on single food components could be more useful in preventing or counteracting the pathological processes typical of AD, thanks to the potential synergistic effects of various nutrients (neuronutrients). The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the currently existing preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, and the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet, which are three dietary patterns with well-known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Recently, they have been related to brain protection and AD prevention, perhaps thanks to their high content of neuroprotective bioactive compounds. Similarly, intermittent fasting (IF) or calorie restriction (CR) is emerging as interesting approaches that seem to promote hippocampal neurogenesis, activate adaptive stress response systems, and enhance neuronal plasticity, thus leading to motor and cognitive improvements in animal models of AD and hopefully also in human beings.
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Pitchai A, Rajaretinam RK, Freeman JL. Zebrafish as an Emerging Model for Bioassay-Guided Natural Product Drug Discovery for Neurological Disorders. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:E61. [PMID: 31151179 PMCID: PMC6631710 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most neurodegenerative diseases are currently incurable, with large social and economic impacts. Recently, there has been renewed interest in investigating natural products in the modern drug discovery paradigm as novel, bioactive small molecules. Moreover, the discovery of potential therapies for neurological disorders is challenging and involves developing optimized animal models for drug screening. In contemporary biomedicine, the growing need to develop experimental models to obtain a detailed understanding of malady conditions and to portray pioneering treatments has resulted in the application of zebrafish to close the gap between in vitro and in vivo assays. Zebrafish in pharmacogenetics and neuropharmacology are rapidly becoming a widely used organism. Brain function, dysfunction, genetic, and pharmacological modulation considerations are enhanced by both larval and adult zebrafish. Bioassay-guided identification of natural products using zebrafish presents as an attractive strategy for generating new lead compounds. Here, we see evidence that the zebrafish's central nervous system is suitable for modeling human neurological disease and we review and evaluate natural product research using zebrafish as a vertebrate model platform to systematically identify bioactive natural products. Finally, we review recently developed zebrafish models of neurological disorders that have the potential to be applied in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Pitchai
- Molecular and Nanomedicine Research Unit (MNRU), Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CNSNT), Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India.
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Rajesh Kannan Rajaretinam
- Molecular and Nanomedicine Research Unit (MNRU), Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CNSNT), Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jennifer L Freeman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Cristiano C, Volpicelli F, Lippiello P, Buono B, Raucci F, Piccolo M, Iqbal AJ, Irace C, Miniaci MC, Perrone Capano C, Calignano A, Mascolo N, Maione F. Neutralization of IL-17 rescues amyloid-β-induced neuroinflammation and memory impairment. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3544-3557. [PMID: 30673121 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by a neuroinflammatory state, and to date, there is no cure and its treatment represents a large unmet clinical need. The involvement of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of AD-related neuroinflammation has been reported in several studies. However, the role of the cytokine, IL-17 has not been well addressed. Herein, we investigate the effects of IL-17 neutralizing antibody (IL-17Ab) injected by i.c.v. or intranasal (IN) routes on amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced neuroinflammation and memory impairment in mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Aβ1-42 was injected into cerebral ventricles of adult CD1 mice. These mice received IL-17Ab via i.c.v. either at 1 h prior to Aβ1-42 injection or IN 5 and 12 days after Aβ1-42 injection. After 7 and 14 days of Aβ1-42 administration, we evaluated olfactory, spatial and working memory and performed biochemical analyses on whole brain and specific brain areas. KEY RESULTS Pretreatment with IL-17Ab, given, i.c.v., markedly reduced Aβ1-42 -induced neurodegeneration, improved memory function, and prevented the increase of pro-inflammatory mediators in a dose-dependent manner at 7 and 14 days. Similarly, the double IN administration of IL-17Ab after Aβ1-42 injection reduced neurodegeneration, memory decline, and the levels of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These findings suggest that the IL-17Ab reduced neuroinflammation and behavioural symptoms induced by Aβ. The efficacy of IL-17Ab IN administration in reducing Aβ1-42 neurodegeneration points to a possible future therapeutic approach in patients with AD. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cristiano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Floriana Volpicelli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso," Developmental Biology and Genetics division, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Lippiello
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Benedetta Buono
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Raucci
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Piccolo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Asif Jilani Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carlo Irace
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Miniaci
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Perrone Capano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso," Developmental Biology and Genetics division, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Mascolo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Maione
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Novel targets for parkinsonism-depression comorbidity. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 167:1-24. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
Survival rates of children with cancer are steadily increasing. This urges our attention to neurocognitive and psychiatric outcomes, as these can markedly influence the quality of life of these children. Neurobehavioral morbidity in childhood cancer survivors affects diverse aspects of cognitive function, which can include attention, memory, processing speed, intellect, academic achievement, and emotional health. Reasons for neurobehavioral morbidity are multiple with one major contributor being chemotherapy-induced central nervous system (CNS) toxicity. Clinical studies investigating the effects of chemotherapy on the CNS in children with cancer have reported causative associations with the development of leukoencephalopathies as well as smaller regional grey and white matter volumes, which have been found to correlate with neurocognitive deficits.Preclinical work has provided compelling evidence that chemotherapy drugs are potent neuro- and gliotoxins in vitro and in vivo and can cause brain injury via excitotoxic and apoptotic mechanisms. Furthermore, chemotherapy triggers DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) damage directly or through increased oxidative stress. It can shorten telomeres and accelerate cell aging, cause cytokine deregulation, inhibit hippocampal neurogenesis, and reduce brain vascularization and blood flow. These mechanisms, when allowed to operate on the developing brain of a child, have high potential to not only cause brain injury, but also alter crucial developmental events, such as myelination, synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, cortical thinning, and formation of neuronal networks.This short review summarizes key publications describing neurotoxicity of chemotherapy in pediatric cancers and potential underlying pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthy Ikonomidou
- Department of Neurology, Section of Child Neurology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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41
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The Neuroprotective Roles of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Ischemic Stroke. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:2199-2211. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Medina-Rodriguez EM, Lowell JA, Worthen RJ, Syed SA, Beurel E. Involvement of Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems Alterations in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Depression. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:547. [PMID: 30174579 PMCID: PMC6107705 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and debilitating disorder, often fatal. Treatment options are few and often do not provide immediate relief to the patients. The increasing involvement of inflammation in the pathology of MDD has provided new potential therapeutic avenues. Cytokine levels are elevated in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of MDD patients whereas immune cells often exhibit an immunosuppressed phenotype in MDD patients. Blocking cytokine actions in patients exhibiting MDD show some antidepressant efficacy. However, the role of cytokines, and the immune response in MDD patients remain to be determined. We reviewed here the roles of the innate and adaptive immune systems in MDD, as well as potential mechanisms whereby the immune response might be regulated in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Medina-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Lowell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ryan J Worthen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Shariful A Syed
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Eléonore Beurel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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Biomaterial Scaffolds in Regenerative Therapy of the Central Nervous System. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7848901. [PMID: 29805977 PMCID: PMC5899851 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7848901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is the most important section of the nervous system as it regulates the function of various organs. Injury to the CNS causes impairment of neurological functions in corresponding sites and further leads to long-term patient disability. CNS regeneration is difficult because of its poor response to treatment and, to date, no effective therapies have been found to rectify CNS injuries. Biomaterial scaffolds have been applied with promising results in regeneration medicine. They also show great potential in CNS regeneration for tissue repair and functional recovery. Biomaterial scaffolds are applied in CNS regeneration predominantly as hydrogels and biodegradable scaffolds. They can act as cellular supportive scaffolds to facilitate cell infiltration and proliferation. They can also be combined with cell therapy to repair CNS injury. This review discusses the categories and progression of the biomaterial scaffolds that are applied in CNS regeneration.
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Xiao X, Putatunda R, Zhang Y, Soni PV, Li F, Zhang T, Xin M, Luo JJ, Bethea JR, Cheng Y, Hu W. Lymphotoxin β receptor-mediated NFκB signaling promotes glial lineage differentiation and inhibits neuronal lineage differentiation in mouse brain neural stem/progenitor cells. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:49. [PMID: 29463313 PMCID: PMC5819232 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphotoxin (LT) is a lymphokine mainly expressed in lymphocytes. LTα binds one or two membrane-associated LTβ to form LTα2β1 or LTα1β2 heterotrimers. The predominant LTα1β2 binds to LTβ receptor (LTβR) primarily expressed in epithelial and stromal cells. Most studies on LTβR signaling have focused on the organization, development, and maintenance of lymphoid tissues. However, the roles of LTβR signaling in the nervous system, particularly in neurogenesis, remain unknown. Here, we investigated the role of LTβR-mediated NFκB signaling in regulating neural lineage differentiation. METHODS The C57BL/6J wild-type and GFAP-dnIκBα transgenic mice were used. Serum-free embryoid bodies were cultured from mouse embryonic stem cells and further induced into neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs). Primary neurospheres were cultured from embryonic and adult mouse brains followed by monolayer culture for amplification/passage. NFκB activation was determined by adenovirus-mediated NFκB-firefly-luciferase reporter assay and p65/RelB/p52 nuclear translocation assay. LTβR mRNA expression was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR and LTβR protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Multilabeled immunocytochemistry or immunohistochemistry followed by fluorescent confocal microscopy and quantitative analysis of neural lineage differentiation were performed. Graphing and statistical analysis were performed with GraphPad Prism software. RESULTS In cultured NSCs/NPCs, LTα1β2 stimulation induced an activation of classical and non-classical NFκB signaling. The expression of LTβR-like immunoreactivity in GFAP+/Sox2+ NSCs was identified in well-established neurogenic zones of adult mouse brain. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis validated the expression of LTβR in cultured NSCs/NPCs and brain neurogenic regions. LTβR expression was significantly increased during neural induction. LTα1β2 stimulation in cultured NSCs/NPCs promoted astroglial and oligodendrocytic lineage differentiation, but inhibited neuronal lineage differentiation. Astroglial NFκB inactivation in GFAP-dnIκBα transgenic mice rescued LTβR-mediated abnormal phenotypes of cultured NSCs/NPCs. CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence for the expression and function of LTβR signaling in NSCs/NPCs. Activation of LTβR signaling promotes glial lineage differentiation. Our results suggest that neurogenesis is regulated by the adaptive immunity and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Raj Putatunda
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Priya V Soni
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Mingyang Xin
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Jin Jun Luo
- Department of Neurology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3401 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John R Bethea
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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Bolós M, Perea JR, Terreros-Roncal J, Pallas-Bazarra N, Jurado-Arjona J, Ávila J, Llorens-Martín M. Absence of microglial CX3CR1 impairs the synaptic integration of adult-born hippocampal granule neurons. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 68:76-89. [PMID: 29017970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are immune cells that play a crucial role in maintaining brain homeostasis. Among the mechanisms of communication between microglia and neurons, the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis exerts a central modulatory role. Animals lacking CX3CR1 microglial receptor (CX3CR1-/- mice) exhibit marked alterations not only in microglia but also in neurons located in various regions of the brain. Here we show that microglial depletion of CX3CR1 leads to the deficient synaptic integration of adult-born granule neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG), both at the afferent and efferent level. Regarding the alterations in the former level, these cells show a reduced number of dendritic spines, which also exhibit morphological changes, namely enlargement and shortening. With respect to changes at the efferent level, these cells show a reduced area of axonal terminals. Both at the afferent and efferent level, synapses show ultrastructural enlargement, but they are depleted of synaptic vesicles, which suggests impaired functionality. We also show that selective increased microglial activation and extracellular matrix deposition in the zones in which the afferent synaptic contacts of these cells occur, namely in the molecular and the granule layer of the DG. In order to evaluate the impact of these structural alterations from a functional point of view, we performed a battery of behavioral tests related to hippocampal-dependent emotional behavior. We observed that female CX3CR1-/- mice exhibit a hyperactive, anxiolytic-like and depressive-like phenotype. These data shed light on novel aspects of the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis by microglia that could be highly relevant for research into mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bolós
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CBMSO, CSIC-UAM. Madrid (Spain). Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - J R Perea
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CBMSO, CSIC-UAM. Madrid (Spain). Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Terreros-Roncal
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CBMSO, CSIC-UAM. Madrid (Spain). Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - N Pallas-Bazarra
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CBMSO, CSIC-UAM. Madrid (Spain). Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Jurado-Arjona
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CBMSO, CSIC-UAM. Madrid (Spain). Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Ávila
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CBMSO, CSIC-UAM. Madrid (Spain). Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Llorens-Martín
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CBMSO, CSIC-UAM. Madrid (Spain). Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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IL4/STAT6 Signaling Activates Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Neurogenesis upon Amyloid-β42 Aggregation in Adult Zebrafish Brain. Cell Rep 2017; 17:941-948. [PMID: 27760324 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human brains are prone to neurodegeneration, given that endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) fail to support neurogenesis. To investigate the molecular programs potentially mediating neurodegeneration-induced NSPC plasticity in regenerating organisms, we generated an Amyloid-β42 (Aβ42)-dependent neurotoxic model in adult zebrafish brain through cerebroventricular microinjection of cell-penetrating Aβ42 derivatives. Aβ42 deposits in neurons and causes phenotypes reminiscent of amyloid pathophysiology: apoptosis, microglial activation, synaptic degeneration, and learning deficits. Aβ42 also induces NSPC proliferation and enhanced neurogenesis. Interleukin-4 (IL4) is activated primarily in neurons and microglia/macrophages in response to Aβ42 and is sufficient to increase NSPC proliferation and neurogenesis via STAT6 phosphorylation through the IL4 receptor in NSPCs. Our results reveal a crosstalk between neurons and immune cells mediated by IL4/STAT6 signaling, which induces NSPC plasticity in zebrafish brains.
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David J, Nandakumar A, Muniroh M, Akiba S, Yamamoto M, Koriyama C. Suppression of methylmercury-induced MIP-2 expression by N-acetyl-L-cysteine in murine RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. Eur J Med Res 2017; 22:45. [PMID: 29122013 PMCID: PMC5679361 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-017-0287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to examine the inflammatory-cytokine expressions in the presence of non-cytotoxic dose of methylmercury (MeHg) in murine macrophages, which is suspected to play an important role in brain damage caused by MeHg exposure. We focused on murine macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-5 (MCP-5). MIP-2 and KC are murine functional homologues of human IL-8 and MCP-5 for human MCP-1. Furthermore, we examined the suppressive effect of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) on the MeHg-induced inflammatory cytokines. Methods In a murine RAW264.7 macrophage cell line, MeHg-induced cytokine expressions were measured using real-time PCR. The suppressive effect of NAC was examined by putting it into the culture medium together with MeHg (co-treatment). In addition, pre- and post-treatment experiments were conducted, in which the cells were treated with NAC before and after MeHg exposure, respectively. Results Exposure to a non-cytotoxic dose of MeHg up-regulated the mRNA expression of MIP-2 and MCP-5. On the other hand, KC expression was not induced in the presence of MeHg. Effect of MeHg on MIP-2 expressions was suppressed by pre-, co-, and post-treatment with NAC. However, the suppressive effect of pre-treatment was less than the post-treatment, which was as effective as co-treatment. Conclusion In functional homologues of human IL-8, only MIP-2 expression, not KC, was activated in the presence of non-cytotoxic dose of MeHg in murine RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. The more evident inhibitory effect of NAC observed in post-treatment experiments suggests a possible involvement of intracellular activities such as antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet David
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Athira Nandakumar
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Muflihatul Muniroh
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang, 50725, Indonesia
| | - Suminori Akiba
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Megumi Yamamoto
- Integrated Physiology Section, Department of Basic Medical Science, National Institute for Minamata Disease, 4058-18 Hama, Minamata, Kumamoto, 867-0008, Japan
| | - Chihaya Koriyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
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Magalhães TNC, Weiler M, Teixeira CVL, Hayata T, Moraes AS, Boldrini VO, dos Santos LM, de Campos BM, de Rezende TJR, Joaquim HPG, Talib LL, Forlenza OV, Cendes F, Balthazar MLF. Systemic Inflammation and Multimodal Biomarkers in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5689-5697. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Isoastragaloside I inhibits NF-κB activation and inflammatory responses in BV-2 microglial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1270-1276. [PMID: 28902359 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The excessive activation of microglia in many neurodegenerative diseases is detrimental to neuronal survival. Isoastragaloside I (ISO I) is a natural saponin molecule found within the roots of Astragalus membranaceus, a famous traditional Chinese medicine. In the present study, the anti‑inflammatory effects and the mechanisms of action of ISO I on activated BV-2 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were investigated. ISO I dose‑dependently inhibited the excessive release of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. Moreover, it decreased the production of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and mitigated the gene expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, TNF-α and iNOS induced by LPS. Further experiments revealed that ISO I decreased the phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and suppressed its nuclear translocation and transactivation activity. In addition, it inhibited the activation of signaling pathway molecules, such as PI3K, Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Taken together, our findings suggest that ISO I prevents LPS-induced microglial activation probably by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB via PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways, indicating its therapeutic potential for neurological diseases relevant to neuroinflammation.
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Perinatal inflammation and adult psychopathology: From preclinical models to humans. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 77:104-114. [PMID: 28890420 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal environment plays a crucial role in brain development and determines its function through life. Epidemiological studies and clinical reports link perinatal exposure to infection and/or immune activation to various psychiatric disorders. In addition, accumulating evidence from animal models shows that perinatal inflammation can affect various behaviors relevant to psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, autism, anxiety and depression. Remarkably, the effects on behavior and brain function do not always depend on the type of inflammatory stimulus or the perinatal age targeted, so diverse inflammatory events can have similar consequences on the brain. Moreover, other perinatal environmental factors that affect behavior (e.g. diet and stress) also elicit inflammatory responses. Understanding the interplay between perinatal environment and inflammation on brain development is required to identify the mechanisms through which perinatal inflammation affect brain function in the adult animal. Evidence for the role of the peripheral immune system and glia on perinatal programming of behavior is discussed in this review, along with recent evidence for the role of epigenetic mechanisms affecting gene expression in the brain.
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