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Andleeb H, Papke RL, Stokes C, Richter K, Herz SM, Chiang K, Kanumuri SRR, Sharma A, Damaj MI, Grau V, Horenstein NA, Thakur GA. Explorations of Agonist Selectivity for the α9* nAChR with Novel Substituted Carbamoyl/Amido/Heteroaryl Dialkylpiperazinium Salts and Their Therapeutic Implications in Pain and Inflammation. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8642-8666. [PMID: 38748608 PMCID: PMC11181317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for nonopioid treatments for chronic and neuropathic pain to provide effective alternatives amid the escalating opioid crisis. This study introduces novel compounds targeting the α9 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit, which is crucial for pain regulation, inflammation, and inner ear functions. Specifically, it identifies novel substituted carbamoyl/amido/heteroaryl dialkylpiperazinium iodides as potent agonists selective for human α9 and α9α10 over α7 nAChRs, particularly compounds 3f, 3h, and 3j. Compound 3h (GAT2711) demonstrated a 230 nM potency as a full agonist at α9 nAChRs, being 340-fold selective over α7. Compound 3c was 10-fold selective for α9α10 over α9 nAChR. Compounds 2, 3f, and 3h inhibited ATP-induced interleukin-1β release in THP-1 cells. The analgesic activity of 3h was fully retained in α7 knockout mice, suggesting that analgesic effects were potentially mediated through α9* nAChRs. Our findings provide a blueprint for developing α9*-specific therapeutics for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Andleeb
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Roger L. Papke
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University
of Florida, P.O. Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Clare Stokes
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University
of Florida, P.O. Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Katrin Richter
- Department
of General and Thoracic Surgery, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery,
Justus-Liebig-University, German Center for Lung Research [DZL], Cardio-Pulmonary Institute [CPI], Giessen 35385, Germany
| | - Sara M. Herz
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia
Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Ka Chiang
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia
Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Siva R. Raju Kanumuri
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Abhisheak Sharma
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - M. Imad Damaj
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia
Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Veronika Grau
- Department
of General and Thoracic Surgery, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery,
Justus-Liebig-University, German Center for Lung Research [DZL], Cardio-Pulmonary Institute [CPI], Giessen 35385, Germany
| | - Nicole A. Horenstein
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Ganesh A. Thakur
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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2
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Takizawa S, Ohuchi K, Fujimaki A, Ito T, Murakami T, Kurita H, Inden M. Effects of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist against α-synuclein-induced neurotoxicity. Neurosci Lett 2024; 823:137654. [PMID: 38281695 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The α7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) is a potential target for the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) therapeutics. α-Synuclein (α-Syn), a principal component of Lewy bodies (cytoplasmic inclusions), is a major contributor to PD pathophysiology. Previous studies have demonstrated that activating α7 nAChR protects against nigrostriatal dopamine degeneration in acute and chronic PD animal models induced by 6-hydroxydopamine and rotenone, respectively. In the present study, we investigated the effects of PNU282987, a selective α7 nAChR agonist, against α-Syn-induced neurotoxicity in α-SynWT-, α-SynA30P-, and α-SynE46K-N2a cells. PNU282987 exhibited substantial neuroprotection against both wild-type and mutant-type α-Syn-induced toxicity. Furthermore, PNU282987 promoted transcription factor EB activity and reduced intracellular α-Syn protein levels through autophagy induction. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of α7 nAChR activation in diseases characterized by α-Syn aggregation, such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Takizawa
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ohuchi
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Ayaka Fujimaki
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Taisei Ito
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Takanori Murakami
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hisaka Kurita
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Inden
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
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3
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Videlock EJ, Xing T, Yehya AHS, Travagli RA. Experimental models of gut-first Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14604. [PMID: 37125607 PMCID: PMC10524037 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is strong support from studies in humans and in animal models that Parkinson's disease (PD) may begin in the gut. This brings about a unique opportunity for researchers in the field of neurogastroenterology to contribute to advancing the field and making contributions that could lead to the ability to diagnose and treat PD in the premotor stages. Lack of familiarity with some of the aspects of the experimental approaches used in these studies may present a barrier for neurogastroenterology researchers to enter the field. Much remains to be understood about intestinal-specific components of gut-first PD pathogenesis and the field would benefit from contributions of enteric and central nervous system neuroscientists. PURPOSE To address these issues, we have conducted a systematic review of the two most frequently used experimental models of gut-first PD: transneuronal propagation of α-synuclein preformed fibrils and oral exposure to environmental toxins. We have reviewed the details of these studies and present methodological considerations for the use of these models. Our aim is that this review will serve as a framework and useful reference for neuroscientists, gastroenterologists, and neurologists interested in applying their expertise to advancing our understanding of gut-first PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Videlock
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tiaosi Xing
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ashwaq Hamid Salem Yehya
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ohnishi M, Machida A, Deguchi M, Takiyama N, Kurose Y, Inoue A. Long-term Stimulation of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Rescues Hemorrhagic Neuron Loss via Apoptosis of M1 Microglia. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:160-168. [PMID: 37145341 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-023-10065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously revealed that long-term treatment with nicotine suppresses microglial activation, resulting in a protective effect against thrombin-induced shrinkage of the striatal tissue in organotypic slice cultures. Here, the effect of nicotine on impaired M1 and protective M2 microglial polarization was investigated using the BV-2 microglial cell line in the presence or absence of thrombin. Following nicotine treatment, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression transiently increased and then gradually decreased until 14 days. Treatment with nicotine for 14 days slightly polarized M0 microglia to M2b and d subtypes. Co-exposure of thrombin and low concentration of interferon-γ recruited inducible NO synthase (iNOS)- and interleukin-1β-double-positive M1 microglia in a thrombin-concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with nicotine for 14 days significantly decreased the thrombin-induced increase of iNOS mRNA levels and conversely showed a tendency to increase arginase1 mRNA levels. Moreover, treatment with nicotine for 14 days suppressed thrombin-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK through the α7 receptor. Repeated intraperitoneal administration of α7 agonist PNU-282987 for 14 days selectively evoked the apoptosis of iNOS-positive M1 microglia at the perihematomal area and showed a neuroprotective effect in an in vivo intracerebral hemorrhage model. These findings revealed that long-term stimulation of α7 receptor causes suppression of thrombin-induced activation of p38 MAPK followed by apoptosis in neuropathic M1 microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Ohnishi
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan.
| | - Aoi Machida
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan
| | - Moemi Deguchi
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan
| | - Nami Takiyama
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan
| | - Yuri Kurose
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan
| | - Atsuko Inoue
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 985-1 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan
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5
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Niederberger E, Wilken-Schmitz A, Manderscheid C, Schreiber Y, Gurke R, Tegeder I. Non-Reproducibility of Oral Rotenone as a Model for Parkinson's Disease in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012658. [PMID: 36293513 PMCID: PMC9604506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral rotenone has been proposed as a model for Parkinson’s disease (PD) in mice. To establish the model in our lab and study complex behavior we followed a published treatment regimen. C57BL/6 mice received 30 mg/kg body weight of rotenone once daily via oral administration for 4 and 8 weeks. Motor functions were assessed by RotaRod running. Immunofluorescence studies were used to analyze the morphology of dopaminergic neurons, the expression of alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn), and inflammatory gliosis or infiltration in the substantia nigra. Rotenone-treated mice did not gain body weight during treatment compared with about 4 g in vehicle-treated mice, which was however the only robust manifestation of drug treatment and suggested local gut damage. Rotenone-treated mice had no deficits in motor behavior, no loss or sign of degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, no α-Syn accumulation, and only mild microgliosis, the latter likely an indirect remote effect of rotenone-evoked gut dysbiosis. Searching for explanations for the model failure, we analyzed rotenone plasma concentrations via LC-MS/MS 2 h after administration of the last dose to assess bioavailability. Rotenone was not detectable in plasma at a lower limit of quantification of 2 ng/mL (5 nM), showing that oral rotenone had insufficient bioavailability to achieve sustained systemic drug levels in mice. Hence, oral rotenone caused local gastrointestinal toxicity evident as lack of weight gain but failed to evoke behavioral or biological correlates of PD within 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Niederberger
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-6301-7616; Fax: +49-69-6301-7636
| | - Annett Wilken-Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christine Manderscheid
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yannick Schreiber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases CIMD, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Robert Gurke
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases CIMD, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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6
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Delijewski M, Radad K, Krewenka C, Kranner B, Moldzio R. The Reassessed Impact of Nicotine against Neurotoxicity in Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Cell Cultures and Neuroblastoma N18TG2 Cells. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:548-558. [PMID: 34229355 DOI: 10.1055/a-1527-1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuroprotective effects of nicotine are still under debate, so further studies on its effectiveness against Parkinson's disease are required. In our present study, we used primary dopaminergic cell cultures and N18TG2 neuroblastoma cells to investigate the effect of nicotine and its neuroprotective potential against rotenone toxicity. Nicotine protected dopaminergic (tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive) neurons against rotenone. This effect was not nAChR receptor-dependent. Moreover, the alkaloid at a concentration of 5 µM caused an increase in neurite length, and at a concentration of 500 µM, it caused an increase in neurite count in dopaminergic cells exposed to rotenone. Nicotine alone was not toxic in either cell culture model, while the highest tested concentration of nicotine (500 µM) caused growth inhibition of N18TG2 neuroblastoma cells. Nicotine alone increased the level of glutathione in both cell cultures and also in rotenone-treated neuroblastoma cells. The obtained results may be helpful to explain the potential neuroprotective action of nicotine on neural cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Delijewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Khaled Radad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Christopher Krewenka
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Kranner
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Moldzio
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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7
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The α7 nAChR allosteric modulator PNU-120596 amends neuroinflammatory and motor consequences of parkinsonism in rats: Role of JAK2/NF-κB/GSk3β/ TNF-α pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112776. [PMID: 35272136 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and a leading cause of disability. The current gold standard for PD treatment, L-Dopa, has limited clinical efficacy and multiple side effects. Evidence suggests that activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) abrogates neuronal and inflammatory insults. Here we tested whether PNU-120596 (PNU), a type II positive allosteric modulator of α7 nAChR, has a critical role in regulating motor dysfunction and neuroinflammation correlated with the associated PD dysfunction. Neuroprotective mechanisms were investigated through neurobehavioral, molecular, histopathological, and immunohistochemical studies. PNU reversed motor incoordination and hypokinesia induced via the intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine and manifested by lower falling latency in the rotarod test, short ambulation time and low rearing incidence in open field test. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining showed a significant restoration of dopaminergic neurons following PNU treatment, in addition to histopathological restoration in nigrostriatal tissues. PNU halted striatal neuroinflammation manifested as a suppressed expression of JAK2/NF-κB/GSk3β accompanied by a parallel decline in the protein expression of TNF-α in nigrostriatal tissue denoting the modulator anti-inflammatory capacity. Moreover, the protective effects of PNU were partially reversed by the α7 nAChR antagonist, methyllycaconitine, indicating the role of α7 nAChR modulation in the mechanism of action of PNU. This is the first study to reveal the positive effects of PNU-120596 on motor derangements of PD via JAK2/NF-κB/GSk3β/ TNF-α neuroinflammatory pathways, which could offer a potential therapeutic strategy for PD.
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8
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Innos J, Hickey MA. Using Rotenone to Model Parkinson's Disease in Mice: A Review of the Role of Pharmacokinetics. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1223-1239. [PMID: 33961406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rotenone is a naturally occurring toxin that inhibits complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Several epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in individuals exposed chronically to rotenone, and it has received great attention for its ability to reproduce many critical features of PD in animal models. Laboratory studies of rotenone have repeatedly shown that it induces in vivo substantia nigra dopaminergic cell loss, a hallmark of PD neuropathology. Additionally, rotenone induces in vivo aggregation of α-synuclein, the major component of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites found in the brain of PD patients and another hallmark of PD neuropathology. Some in vivo rotenone models also reproduce peripheral signs of PD, such as reduced intestinal motility and peripheral α-synuclein aggregation, both of which are thought to precede classical signs of PD in humans, such as cogwheel rigidity, bradykinesia, and resting tremor. Nevertheless, variability has been noted in cohorts of animals exposed to the same rotenone exposure regimen and also between cohorts exposed to similar doses of rotenone. Low doses, administered chronically, may reproduce PD symptoms and neuropathology more faithfully than excessively high doses, but overlap between toxicity and parkinsonian motor phenotypes makes it difficult to separate if behavior is examined in isolation. Rotenone degrades when exposed to light or water, and choice of vehicle may affect outcome. Rotenone is metabolized extensively in vivo, and choice of route of exposure influences greatly the dose used. However, male rodents may be capable of greater metabolism of rotenone, which could therefore reduce their total body exposure when compared with female rodents. The pharmacokinetics of rotenone has been studied extensively, over many decades. Here, we review these pharmacokinetics and models of PD using this important piscicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Innos
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Ravila 19, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Miriam A Hickey
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Ravila 19, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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9
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Piovesana R, Salazar Intriago MS, Dini L, Tata AM. Cholinergic Modulation of Neuroinflammation: Focus on α7 Nicotinic Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094912. [PMID: 34066354 PMCID: PMC8125157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
All nervous system pathologies (e.g., neurodegenerative/demyelinating diseases and brain tumours) develop neuroinflammation, a beneficial process during pathological events, aimed at removing damaged cells, toxic agents, and/or pathogens. Unfortunately, excessive inflammation frequently occurs during nervous system disorders, becoming a detrimental event capable of enhancing neurons and myelinating glial cell impairment, rather than improving their survival and activity. Consequently, targeting the neuroinflammation could be relevant for reducing brain injury and rescuing neuronal and glial cell functions. Several studies have highlighted the role of acetylcholine and its receptors in the regulation of central and peripheral inflammation. In particular, α7 nicotinic receptor has been described as one of the main regulators of the “brain cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway”. Its expression in astrocytes and microglial cells and the ability to modulate anti-inflammatory cytokines make this receptor a new interesting therapeutic target for neuroinflammation regulation. In this review, we summarize the distribution and physiological functions of the α7 nicotinic receptor in glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) and its role in the modulation of neuroinflammation. Moreover, we explore how its altered expression and function contribute to the development of different neurological pathologies and exacerbate neuroinflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Piovesana
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
- Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | - Luciana Dini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.S.I.); (L.D.)
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.S.I.); (L.D.)
- Research Centre of Neurobiology “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4991-2822
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10
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Tian W, Chen S. Neurotransmitters, Cell Types, and Circuit Mechanisms of Motor Skill Learning and Clinical Applications. Front Neurol 2021; 12:616820. [PMID: 33716924 PMCID: PMC7947691 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.616820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals acquire motor skills to better survive and adapt to a changing environment. The ability to learn novel motor actions without disturbing learned ones is essential to maintaining a broad motor repertoire. During motor learning, the brain makes a series of adjustments to build novel sensory–motor relationships that are stored within specific circuits for long-term retention. The neural mechanism of learning novel motor actions and transforming them into long-term memory still remains unclear. Here we review the latest findings with regard to the contributions of various brain subregions, cell types, and neurotransmitters to motor learning. Aiming to seek therapeutic strategies to restore the motor memory in relative neurodegenerative disorders, we also briefly describe the common experimental tests and manipulations for motor memory in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wotu Tian
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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11
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The neuroprotective effects of activated α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor against mutant copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 1-mediated toxicity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22157. [PMID: 33335227 PMCID: PMC7746719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective and progressive loss of motor neurons. Although many drugs have entered clinical trials, few have shown effectiveness in the treatment of ALS. Other studies have shown that the stimulation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) can have neuroprotective effects in some models of neurodegenerative disease, as well as prevent glutamate-induced motor neuronal death. However, the effect of α7 nAChR agonists on ALS-associated mutant copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) aggregates in motor neurons remains unclear. In the present study, we examined whether α7 nAChR activation had a neuroprotective effect against SOD1G85R-induced toxicity in a cellular model for ALS. We found that α7 nAChR activation by PNU282987, a selective agonist of α7 nAChR, exhibited significant neuroprotective effects against SOD1G85R-induced toxicity via the reduction of intracellular protein aggregates. This reduction also correlated with the activation of autophagy through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Furthermore, the activation of α7 nAChRs was found to increase the biogenesis of lysosomes by inducing translocation of the transcription factor EB (TFEB) into the nucleus. These results support the therapeutic potential of α7 nAChR activation in diseases that are characterized by SOD1G85R aggregates, such as ALS.
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12
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Dong Y, Bi W, Zheng K, Zhu E, Wang S, Xiong Y, Chang J, Jiang J, Liu B, Lu Z, Cheng Y. Nicotine Prevents Oxidative Stress-Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Injury Through α7-nAChR/Erk1/2 Signaling Pathway. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:557647. [PMID: 33328880 PMCID: PMC7717967 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.557647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage has been implicated to play a dominant role in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Nicotine, a principal additive compound for tobacco users, is thought as a candidate to attenuate amyloid-β-mediated neurotoxicity and NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. Previous studies demonstrated that nicotine exerted this neuroprotective action on oxidative stress. However, the mechanisms underlying how nicotine contributes on oxidative injury in immortalized hippocampal HT-22 cells remain largely unknown. Therefore, in this study we investigated that the potential effects of nicotine on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative injury and underlying mechanisms in HT-22 cells. We found that pretreatment with nicotine at low concentrations markedly recovered the cell cycle that was arrested at the G2/M phase in the presence of H2O2 through reduced intracellular ROS generation. Moreover, nicotine attenuated H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions. Mechanistically, the application of nicotine significantly upregulated the levels of phosphorylated Erk1/2. The neuroprotective effects of nicotine, in turn, were abolished by PD0325901, a selective Erk1/2 inhibitor. Further obtained investigation showed that nicotine exerted its neuroprotective effects via specifically activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChRs). A selective inhibitor of α7-nAChRs, methyllycaconitine citrate (MLA), not only completely prevented nicotine-mediated antioxidation but also abolished expression of p-Erk1/2. Taken together, our findings suggest that nicotine suppresses H2O2-induced HT-22 cell injury through activating the α7-nAChR/Erk1/2 signaling pathway, which indicates that nicotine may be a novel strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenchuan Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Enni Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaoxiang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiping Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junlei Chang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianbing Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bingfeng Liu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhonghua Lu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongxian Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Yarmohammadi F, Wallace Hayes A, Najafi N, Karimi G. The protective effect of natural compounds against rotenone‐induced neurotoxicity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22605. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yarmohammadi
- Student Research Committee Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - A. Wallace Hayes
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology University of South Florida Tampa Florida
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan
| | - Nahid Najafi
- Student Research Committee Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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14
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Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex, multi-system, neurodegenerative disorder; PD patients exhibit motor symptoms (such as akinesia/bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural instability) due to a loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, and non-motor symptoms such as hyposmia, autonomic disturbance, depression, and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), which precedes motor symptoms. Pathologically, α-synuclein deposition is observed in the central and peripheral nervous system of sporadic PD patients. To clarify the mechanism of neurodegeneration in PD and to develop treatment to slow or stop PD progression, there is a great need for experimental models which reproduce neurological features of PD. Animal models exposed to rotenone, a commonly used pesticide, have received most attention since Greenamyre and his colleagues reported that chronic exposure to rotenone could reproduce the anatomical, neurochemical, behavioral, and neuropathological features of PD. In addition, recent studies demonstrated that rotenone induced neuropathological change not only in the central nervous system but also in the peripheral nervous system in animals. In this article, we review rotenone models especially focused on reproducibility of central and peripheral multiple features of PD. This review also highlights utility of rotenone models for investigation of PD pathogenesis and development of disease-modifying drugs for PD in future.
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15
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El-Ghaiesh SH, Bahr HI, Ibrahiem AT, Ghorab D, Alomar SY, Farag NE, Zaitone SA. Metformin Protects From Rotenone-Induced Nigrostriatal Neuronal Death in Adult Mice by Activating AMPK-FOXO3 Signaling and Mitigation of Angiogenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:84. [PMID: 32625061 PMCID: PMC7314970 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects substantia nigra dopamine neurons. Many studies have documented the role of oxidative stress and angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of PD. Metformin (MTF) is an antidiabetic medication and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulator that has shown antioxidant and antiangiogenic properties in many disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the neuroprotective effect of MTF in a mouse model of rotenone-prompted PD with a highlight on its influence on the AMPK/forkhead box transcription factor O3 (FOXO3) pathway and striatal angiogenesis. In the running study, PD was induced in mice using repeated doses of rotenone and concomitantly treated with MTF 100 or 200 mg/kg/day for 18 days. Rotarod and pole tests were used to examine the animals’ motor functionality. After that, animals were sacrificed, and brains were isolated and processed for immunohistochemical investigations or biochemical analyses. Oxidant stress and angiogenic markers were measured, including reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), hemoxygenase-1, thioredoxin, AMPK, FOXO3, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Results indicated that MTF improved animals’ motor function, improved striatal glutathione, Nrf2, hemoxygenase-1, and thioredoxin. Furthermore, MTF upregulated AMPK-FOXO3 proteins and reduced VEGF and cleaved caspase 3. MTF also increased the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)–stained neurons in the substantia nigra neurons and in striatal neuronal terminals. This study is the first to highlight that the neuroprotective role of MTF is mediated through activation of AMPK-FOXO3 signaling and inhibition of the proangiogenic factor, VEGF. Further studies are warranted to confirm this mechanism in other models of PD and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah H El-Ghaiesh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hoda I Bahr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Afaf T Ibrahiem
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Doaa Ghorab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- Doping Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha E Farag
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Miyazaki I, Isooka N, Imafuku F, Sun J, Kikuoka R, Furukawa C, Asanuma M. Chronic Systemic Exposure to Low-Dose Rotenone Induced Central and Peripheral Neuropathology and Motor Deficits in Mice: Reproducible Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093254. [PMID: 32375371 PMCID: PMC7246801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies demonstrated that pesticide exposure, such as rotenone and paraquat, increases the risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Chronic systemic exposure to rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, could reproduce many features of PD. However, the adoption of the models is limiting because of variability in animal sensitivity and the inability of other investigators to consistently reproduce the PD neuropathology. In addition, most of rotenone models were produced in rats. Here, we tried to establish a high-reproducible rotenone model using C57BL/6J mice. The rotenone mouse model was produced by chronic systemic exposure to a low dose of rotenone (2.5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks by subcutaneous implantation of rotenone-filled osmotic mini pump. The rotenone-treated mice exhibited motor deficits assessed by open field, rotarod and cylinder test and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Rotenone treatment decreased the number of dopaminergic neuronal cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and lesioned nerve terminal in the striatum. In addition, we observed significant reduction of cholinergic neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) and the intestinal myenteric plexus. Moreover, α-synuclein was accumulated in neuronal soma in the SNpc, DMV and intestinal myenteric plexus in rotenone-treated mice. These data suggest that the low-dose rotenone mouse model could reproduce behavioral and central and peripheral neurodegenerative features of PD and be a useful model for investigation of PD pathogenesis.
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17
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Rai SN, Singh P. Advancement in the modelling and therapeutics of Parkinson's disease. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 104:101752. [PMID: 31996329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of L-dopa in the middle of the 20th century (1960s), there is not any neuroprotective therapy available although significant development has been made in the treatment of symptomatic Parkinson's disease (PD). Neurological disorders like PD can be modelled in animals so as to recapitulates most of the symptoms seen in PD patients. In aging population, PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, even though significant outcomes have been achieved in PD research yet it still is a mystery to solve the treatments for PD. In the last two decades, PD models have provided enhanced precision into the understanding of the process of PD disease, its etiology, pathology, and molecular mechanisms behind it. Furthermore, at the same time as cellular models have helped to recognize specific events, animal models, both toxic and genetic, have replicated almost all of the hallmarks of PD and are very helpful for testing and finding new strategies for neuroprotection. Recently, in both classical and newer models, major advances have been done in the modelling of supplementary PD features have come into the light. In this review, we have try to provide an updated summary of the characteristics of these models related to in vitro and in vivo models, animal models for PD, stem cell model for PD, newer 3D model as well as the strengths and limitations of these most popular PD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachchida Nand Rai
- Department of Zoology, Mahila Maha Vidhyalaya, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Payal Singh
- Department of Zoology, Mahila Maha Vidhyalaya, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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18
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Concurrent nicotine exposure to prenatal alcohol consumption alters the hippocampal and cortical neurotoxicity. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03045. [PMID: 31938742 PMCID: PMC6953639 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims This study investigated the neurotoxic effects of prenatal alcohol and nicotine exposure in the cortex and hippocampus of rodents. Main methods Behavioral alterations, electrophysiological changes, and biochemical markers associated with cholinergic neurotransmission, neural oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis were evaluated. Key findings Prenatal alcohol exposure induced the generation of ROS, nitrite and lipid peroxide, decreased mitochondrial Complex-I and IV activities, increased Caspase-1 and 3 activities, had no effect on cholinergic neurotransmission, increased expression of PSD-95, decreased LTP and decreased performance on spatial memory tasks. However, nicotine exposure, in addition to alcohol exposure, was found to mitigate the negative effects of alcohol alone on ROS generation and spatial memory task performances. Furthermore, we also studied the role of ILK in prenatal alcohol and nicotine exposure. Significance Prenatal Smoking and/or drinking is a major health concern around the world. Thus, our current study may lead to better insights into the molecular mechanisms of fetal alcohol and nicotine exposure on the developing offspring.
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19
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Liu J, Geng T, Duan K, Gao X, Huang C, Wang J, Huang W, Huang L, Wang Z, Xiao W. Cellular pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics mechanisms of ginkgo diterpene lactone and its modulation of P‐glycoprotein expression in human SH‐SY5Y cells. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4692. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐ying Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute Nanjing China
| | - Ting Geng
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New‐Tech for Chinese MedicineJiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Lianyungang China
- Jiangsu Enterprise Academician WorkstationNational Enterprise Technology Center, National Post‐doctoral Research Workstation Lianyungang China
| | - Kun Duan
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New‐Tech for Chinese MedicineJiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Lianyungang China
- School of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Xia Gao
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New‐Tech for Chinese MedicineJiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Lianyungang China
| | - Chao‐jie Huang
- China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute Nanjing China
| | - Jia‐jia Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New‐Tech for Chinese MedicineJiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Lianyungang China
| | - Wen‐zhe Huang
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New‐Tech for Chinese MedicineJiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Lianyungang China
- Jiangsu Enterprise Academician WorkstationNational Enterprise Technology Center, National Post‐doctoral Research Workstation Lianyungang China
| | | | - Zhen‐zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New‐Tech for Chinese MedicineJiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Lianyungang China
- Jiangsu Enterprise Academician WorkstationNational Enterprise Technology Center, National Post‐doctoral Research Workstation Lianyungang China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New‐Tech for Chinese MedicineJiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Lianyungang China
- Jiangsu Enterprise Academician WorkstationNational Enterprise Technology Center, National Post‐doctoral Research Workstation Lianyungang China
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20
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Bono F, Mutti V, Savoia P, Barbon A, Bellucci A, Missale C, Fiorentini C. Nicotine prevents alpha-synuclein accumulation in mouse and human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons through activation of the dopamine D3- acetylcholine nicotinic receptor heteromer. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 129:1-12. [PMID: 31051233 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently found that in mouse dopaminergic neurons, the heteromer formed by the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) and the β2 subunit of acetylcholine nicotinic receptor (nAChR) exerts neurotrophic effects when activated by nicotine, leading to neurons with enlarged cell bodies and increased dendrite arborization. Beside this action, we now show that nicotine, by activating the D3R-nAChR heteromer, protects dopaminergic neurons against neuronal injury. In primary cultures of mouse dopaminergic neurons, in fact, the ability of nicotine to inhibit both the pathological accumulation of alpha-synuclein induced by glucose deprivation and the consequent morphological defects were strongly prevented by disrupting the D3R-nAChR heteromer with specific interfering TAT-peptides; the relevance of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) intracellular signaling in mediating nicotine prevention of alpha-synuclein aggregation has been also demonstrated. Moreover, the ability of nicotine in restoring the ubiquitin-proteasome system has been found as a mechanism contributing to the neuroprotective properties of nicotine. By using the proximity ligation assay, we have shown that the D3R-nAChR heteromer is also expressed in human dopaminergic neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. In this human cell model, nicotine exerts neuroprotective effects specifically acting through the D3R-nAChR complex thus indicating that this heteromer is a relevant molecular effector involved in the protection of human dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bono
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; Laboratory of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Veronica Mutti
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Savoia
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Barbon
- Unit of Biology and Genetic, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Arianna Bellucci
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; Laboratory of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Missale
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorentini
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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21
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Gorelenkova Miller O, Mieyal JJ. Critical Roles of Glutaredoxin in Brain Cells-Implications for Parkinson's Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1352-1368. [PMID: 29183158 PMCID: PMC6391617 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Glutaredoxin (Grx)1, an evolutionarily conserved and ubiquitous enzyme, regulates redox signal transduction and protein redox homeostasis by catalyzing reversible S-glutathionylation. Grx1 plays different roles in different cell types. In Parkinson's disease (PD), Grx1 regulates apoptosis signaling in dopaminergic neurons, so that loss of Grx1 leads to increased cell death; in microglial cells, Grx1 regulates proinflammatory signaling, so that upregulation of Grx1 promotes cytokine production. Here we examine the regulatory roles of Grx1 in PD with a view toward therapeutic innovation. Recent Advances: In postmortem midbrain PD samples, Grx1 was decreased relative to controls, specifically within dopaminergic neurons. In Caenorhabditis elegans models of PD, loss of the Grx1 homologue led to exacerbation of the neurodegenerative phenotype. This effect was partially relieved by overexpression of neuroprotective DJ-1, consistent with regulation of DJ-1 content by Grx1. Increased GLRX copy number in PD patients was associated with earlier PD onset; and Grx1 levels correlated with levels of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α in mouse and human brain samples. In vitro studies showed Grx1 to be upregulated on proinflammatory activation of microglia. Direct overexpression of Grx1 increased microglial activation; silencing Grx1 diminished activation. Grx1 upregulation in microglia corresponded to increased neuronal cell death in coculture. Overall, these studies identify competing roles of Grx1 in PD etiology. CRITICAL ISSUES The dilemma regarding Grx1 as a PD therapeutic target is whether to stimulate its upregulation for neuroprotection or inhibit its proinflammatory activity. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further investigation is needed to understand the preponderant role of Grx1 regarding dopaminergic neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gorelenkova Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John J Mieyal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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22
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He JN, Zhang SD, Qu Y, Wang HL, Tham CC, Pang CP, Chu WK. Rapamycin Removes Damaged Mitochondria and Protects Human Trabecular Meshwork (TM-1) Cells from Chronic Oxidative Stress. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6586-6593. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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23
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Muñoz JP, Carrillo-Beltrán D, Aedo-Aguilera V, Calaf GM, León O, Maldonado E, Tapia JC, Boccardo E, Ozbun MA, Aguayo F. Tobacco Exposure Enhances Human Papillomavirus 16 Oncogene Expression via EGFR/PI3K/Akt/c-Jun Signaling Pathway in Cervical Cancer Cells. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3022. [PMID: 30619121 PMCID: PMC6304352 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is not a sufficient condition for cervical cancer development because most infections are benign and naturally cleared. Epidemiological studies revealed that tobacco smoking is a cofactor with HR-HPV for cervical cancer initiation and progression, even though the mechanism by which tobacco smoke cooperates with HR-HPV in this malignancy is poorly understood. As HR-HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins overexpressed in cervical carcinomas colocalize with cigarette smoke components (CSC), in this study we addressed the signaling pathways involved in a potential interaction between both carcinogenic agents. Cervical cancer-derived cell lines, CaSki (HPV16; 500 copies per cell) and SiHa (HPV16; 2 copies per cell), were acutely exposed to CSC at various non-toxic concentrations and we found that E6 and E7 levels were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. Using a reporter construct containing the luciferase gene under the control of the full HPV16 long control region (LCR), we also found that p97 promoter activity is dependent on CSC. Non-synonymous mutations in the LCR-resident TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate)-response elements (TRE) had significantly decreased p97 promoter activation. Phosphoproteomic arrays and specific inhibitors revealed that CSC-mediated E6/E7 overexpression is at least in part reliant on EGFR phosphorylation. In addition, we showed that the PI3K/Akt pathway is crucial for CSC-induced E6/E7 overexpression. Finally, we demonstrated that HPV16 E6/E7 overexpression is mediated by JUN. overexpression, c-Jun phosphorylation and recruitment of this transcription factor to TRE sites in the HPV16 LCR. We conclude that acute exposure to tobacco smoke activates the transcription of HPV16 E6 and E7 oncogenes through p97 promoter activation, which involves the EGFR/PI3K/Akt/C-Jun signaling pathway activation in cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Muñoz
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Carrillo-Beltrán
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Aedo-Aguilera
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gloria M Calaf
- Center for Advanced Research, Tarapaca University, Arica, Chile.,Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Oscar León
- Virology Program, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Edio Maldonado
- Programa Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio C Tapia
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle A Ozbun
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Francisco Aguayo
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Advanced Research, Tarapaca University, Arica, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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24
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Tega Y, Yamazaki Y, Akanuma SI, Kubo Y, Hosoya KI. Impact of Nicotine Transport across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Carrier-Mediated Transport of Nicotine and Interaction with Central Nervous System Drugs. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1330-1336. [PMID: 30175770 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine, an addictive substance, is absorbed from the lungs following inhalation of tobacco smoke, and distributed to various tissues such as liver, brain, and retina. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies suggest the involvement of a carrier-mediated transport process in nicotine transport in the lung, liver, and inner blood-retinal barrier. In addition, in vivo studies of influx and efflux transport of nicotine across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) revealed that blood-to-brain influx transport of nicotine is more dominant than brain-to-blood efflux transport of nicotine. Uptake studies in TR-BBB13 cells, which are an in vitro model cell line of the BBB, suggest the involvement of H+/organic cation antiporter, which is distinct from typical organic cation transporters, in nicotine transport at the BBB. Moreover, inhibition studies in TR-BBB13 cells showed that nicotine uptake was significantly reduced by central nervous system (CNS) drugs, such as antidepressants, anti-Alzheimer's disease drugs, and anti-Parkinson's disease drugs, suggesting that the nicotine transport system can recognize these molecules. The cumulative evidence would be helpful to improve our understanding of smoking-CNS drug interaction for providing appropriate medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Tega
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Yuhei Yamazaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Shin-Ichi Akanuma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Yoshiyuki Kubo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Ken-Ichi Hosoya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
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Badanavalu MP, Srivatsan M. Nicotine is neuroprotective to neonatal neurons of sympathetic ganglion in rat. Auton Neurosci 2018; 216:25-32. [PMID: 30206032 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sympathetic neurons of SCG are dependent on availability of nerve growth factor (NGF) for their survival. SCG neurons express nicotinic receptors (nAChR) whose expression levels are modulated by nicotine. Nicotine exerts multiple effects on neurons, including neuroprotection, through nAChR binding. Although sympathetic neurons express robust levels of nAChR, a possible neuroprotective role for nicotine in these neurons is not well-understood. Therefore we determined the effect of nicotine exposure on survival of SCG neurons during NGF withdrawal in a well-established cell culture system. NGF was withdrawn in rat neonatal SCG neuron cultures which were then treated with either 10 μM nicotine alone or with nAChR antagonists 0.1 μM α-bungarotoxin (antagonist for α7 subunit bearing nAChR) and 10 μM mecamylamine (non-specific antagonist for ganglionic nAChR) for 48 h. Apoptotic death was determined by TUNEL staining. Cell survival was also determined by MTS assay. Western blot analysis of ERK1/2 was also performed. Our results showed that exposure to 10 μM nicotine significantly reduced apoptotic cell death in SCG neurons resulting from NGF withdrawal as shown by fewer TUNEL positive cells. The MTS assay results also revealed that 10 μM nicotine concentration significantly increased cell survival thus indicating neuroprotective effect of nicotine against cell death resulting from NGF withdrawal. Nicotinic receptor antagonists (bungarotoxin & mecamylamine) attenuated the effect of nicotine's action of neuroprotection. Western blot analysis showed an increased expression of ERK1/2 in nicotine treated cultures suggesting nicotine provided neuroprotection in SCG neurons by increasing the expression of ERK1/2 through nicotinic receptor dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevappa P Badanavalu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, United States
| | - Malathi Srivatsan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, United States.
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Mouhape C, Costa G, Ferreira M, Abin-Carriquiry JA, Dajas F, Prunell G. Nicotine-Induced Neuroprotection in Rotenone In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Parkinson’s Disease: Evidences for the Involvement of the Labile Iron Pool Level as the Underlying Mechanism. Neurotox Res 2018; 35:71-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abdel-Rahman M, Galhom RA, Nasr El-Din WA, Mohammed Ali MH, Abdel-Hamid AEDS. Therapeutic efficacy of olfactory stem cells in rotenone induced Parkinsonism in adult male albino rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1178-1186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Coccini T, Vecchio S, Crevani M, De Simone U. Cytotoxic Effects of 3,4-Catechol-PV (One Major MDPV Metabolite) on Human Dopaminergic SH-SY5Y Cells. Neurotox Res 2018; 35:49-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Jurado-Coronel JC, Loaiza AE, Díaz JE, Cabezas R, Ashraf GM, Sahebkar A, Echeverria V, González J, Barreto GE. (E)-Nicotinaldehyde O-Cinnamyloxime, a Nicotine Analog, Attenuates Neuronal Cells Death Against Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1221-1232. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
Three neurodegenerative diseases [Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD)] have many characteristics like pathological mechanisms and genes. In this sense some researchers postulate that these diseases share the same alterations and that one alteration in a specific protein triggers one of these diseases. Analyses of gene expression may shed more light on how to discover pathways, pathologic mechanisms associated with the disease, biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we analyze four microarrays related to three neurodegenerative diseases. We will systematically examine seven genes (CHN1, MDH1, PCP4, RTN1, SLC14A1, SNAP25 and VSNL1) that are altered in the three neurodegenerative diseases. A network was built and used to identify pathways, miRNA and drugs associated with ALS, AD and PD using Cytoscape software an interaction network based on the protein interactions of these genes. The most important affected pathway is PI3K-Akt signalling. Thirteen microRNAs (miRNA-19B1, miRNA-107, miRNA-124-1, miRNA-124-2, miRNA-9-2, miRNA-29A, miRNA-9-3, miRNA-328, miRNA-19B2, miRNA-29B2, miRNA-124-3, miRNA-15A and miRNA-9-1) and four drugs (Estradiol, Acetaminophen, Resveratrol and Progesterone) for new possible treatments were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Alarcón
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
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Doiron M, Dupré N, Langlois M, Provencher P, Simard M. Smoking history is associated to cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Aging Ment Health 2017; 21:322-326. [PMID: 26416159 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1090393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are more likely to suffer from cognitive impairment and dementia than healthy older adults. The aim of this study was to investigate smoking history as a risk factor for cognitive decline in PD. METHOD One hundred thirty-nine PD patients aged 50 years and older (Hoehn and Yahr = 1-3) were recruited from a clinical database. Global cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and smoking history was investigated as part of a standard clinical interview. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to develop a model for predicting participants' MMSE scores from age, education, Hoehn and Yahr stage, disease duration, the number of vascular risk factors and the number of smoking pack-years. RESULTS The regression model significantly accounted for 22.9% of the variance in MMSE scores. Significant predictors were education (β = .312, p < .001), age (β = -.215, p = .013) and total smoking pack-years (β = -.180, p = .029). In former smokers, the number of years since quitting had no effect on global cognition and there were no significant difference between patients who had quit smoking more than 10 years ago and those who had quit less than 10 years ago, F(1, 63) = 1.72, p = .195. CONCLUSION Smoking history was associated to global cognitive impairment in PD even in patients who had quit smoking. These results are in line with findings in healthy older adults that have linked smoking to cognitive impairment, global brain atrophy and functional changes. Future studies should consider a broader assessment of cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Doiron
- a School of Psychology , Laval University , Quebec City , Canada.,b Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec , Quebec City , Canada
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- c Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Laval University , Quebec City , Canada.,d Département des Sciences Neurologiques , CHU de Québec (Enfant-Jésus) , Quebec City , Canada
| | - Mélanie Langlois
- c Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Laval University , Quebec City , Canada.,d Département des Sciences Neurologiques , CHU de Québec (Enfant-Jésus) , Quebec City , Canada
| | - Pierre Provencher
- d Département des Sciences Neurologiques , CHU de Québec (Enfant-Jésus) , Quebec City , Canada
| | - Martine Simard
- a School of Psychology , Laval University , Quebec City , Canada.,b Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec , Quebec City , Canada
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Cholinergic Protection in Ischemic Brain Injury. SPRINGER SERIES IN TRANSLATIONAL STROKE RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45345-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Delijewski M, Wrześniok D, Beberok A, Rok J, Otręba M, Buszman E. The effect of simultaneous exposure of HEMn-DP and HEMn-LP melanocytes to nicotine and UV-radiation on the cell viability and melanogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:44-49. [PMID: 27450998 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is a main compound of tobacco plants and may affect more than a billion people all over the world that are permanently exposed to nicotine from cigarettes, various forms of smoking cessation therapies, electronic cigarettes or second-hand smoke. It is known that nicotine forms complexes with melanin what may lead to accumulation of this alkaloid in tissues of living organisms containing the pigment. This may affect the viability of cells and process of melanin biosynthesis that takes place in melanocytes. Although UV radiation is known to be a particular inductor of melanin biosynthesis, its simultaneous effect with nicotine on this process as well as the viability of human cells containing melanin have not been assessed so far. The aim of this study was to examine the simultaneous impact of nicotine and UV radiation on viability and melanogenesis in cultured normal human melanocytes dark (HEMn-DP) and light (HEMn-LP) pigmented. Nicotine together with UV radiation induced concentration-dependent loss in melanocytes viability. The higher cell loss was observed in dark pigmented melanocytes in comparison to light pigmented cells. Simultaneous exposure of cells to nicotine and UV radiation also caused changes in melanization process in both tested cell lines. The data suggest that simultaneous exposure of melanocytes to nicotine and UV radiation up-regulates melanogenesis and affects cell viability. Observed processes are more pronounced in dark pigmented cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Delijewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Dorota Wrześniok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Artur Beberok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Jakub Rok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Michał Otręba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Ewa Buszman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
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Yalcin E, de la Monte S. Tobacco nitrosamines as culprits in disease: mechanisms reviewed. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:107-20. [PMID: 26767836 PMCID: PMC4868960 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The link between tobacco abuse and cancer is well-established. However, emerging data indicate that toxins in tobacco smoke cause cellular injury due to enhanced toxic/metabolic effects of metabolites, disruption of intracellular signaling mechanisms, and formation of DNA, protein, and lipid adducts that impair function and promote oxidative stress and inflammation. These effects of smoking, which are largely non-carcinogenic, can be produced by tobacco-specific nitrosamines and their metabolites. These factors could account for the increased rates of neurodegeneration and insulin resistance diseases among smokers. Herein, we review nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamine metabolism, mechanisms of adduct formation, DNA damage, mutagenesis, and potential mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Yalcin
- Departments of Pathology (Neuropathology), Neurology, and Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 55 Claverick Street, Room 419, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Suzanne de la Monte
- Departments of Pathology (Neuropathology), Neurology, and Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 55 Claverick Street, Room 419, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
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Inden M, Takata K, Yanagisawa D, Ashihara E, Tooyama I, Shimohama S, Kitamura Y. α4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulated by galantamine on nigrostriatal terminals regulates dopamine receptor-mediated rotational behavior. Neurochem Int 2016; 94:74-81. [PMID: 26911419 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Galantamine, an acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitor used to treat dementia symptoms, also acts as an allosteric potentiating ligand (APL) at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). This study was designed to evaluate the allosteric effect of galantamine on nAChR regulation of nigrostrial dopaminergic neuronal function in the hemiparkinsonian rat model established by unilateral nigral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injection. Methamphetamine, a dopamine releaser, induced ipsilateral rotation, whereas dopamine agonists apomorphine (a non-selective dopamine receptor agonist), SKF38393 (a selective dopamine D1 receptor agonist), and quinpirole (a selective dopamine D2 receptor agonist) induced contralateral rotation. When 6-OHDA-injected rats were co-treated with nomifensine, a dopamine transporter inhibitor, a more pronounced and a remarkable effect of nicotine and galantamine was observed. Under these conditions, the combination of nomifensine with nicotine or galantamine induced the ipsilateral rotation similar to the methamphetamine-induced rotational behavior, indicating that nicotine and galantamine also induce dopamine release from striatal terminals. Both nicotine- and galantamine-induced rotations were significantly blocked by flupenthixol (an antagonist of both D1 and D2 dopamine receptors) and mecamylamine (an antagonist of nAChRs), suggesting that galantamine modulation of nAChRs on striatal dopaminergic terminals regulates dopamine receptor-mediated movement. Immunohistochemical staining showed that α4 nAChRs were highly expressed on striatal dopaminergic terminals, while no α7 nAChRs were detected. Pretreatment with the α4 nAChR antagonist dihydroxy-β-erythroidine significantly inhibited nicotine- and galantamine-induced rotational behaviors, whereas pretreatment with the α7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine was ineffective. Moreover, the α4 nAChR agonist ABT-418 induced ipsilateral rotation, while the α7 nAChR agonist PNU282987 had no significant effect on rotational behavior. These results suggest that galantamine can enhance striatal dopamine release through allosteric modulation of α4 nAChRs on nigrostriatal dopaminergic terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Inden
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Takata
- Department of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daijiro Yanagisawa
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Eishi Ashihara
- Department of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shun Shimohama
- Department of Neurology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kitamura
- Department of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan; Pharmacology and Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
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Choi J, Polcher A, Joas A. Systematic literature review on Parkinson's disease and Childhood Leukaemia and mode of actions for pesticides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2016.en-955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Perez XA. Preclinical Evidence for a Role of the Nicotinic Cholinergic System in Parkinson's Disease. Neuropsychol Rev 2015; 25:371-83. [PMID: 26553323 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-015-9303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the primary deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta which leads to striatal dopaminergic deficits that underlie the motor symptoms associated with the disease. A plethora of animal models have been developed over the years to uncover the molecular alterations that lead to PD development. These models have provided valuable information on neurotransmitter pathways and mechanisms involved. One such a system is the nicotinic cholinergic system. Numerous studies show that nigrostriatal damage affects nicotinic receptor-mediated dopaminergic signaling; therefore therapeutic modulation of the nicotinic cholinergic system may offer a novel approach to manage PD. In fact, there is evidence showing that nicotinic receptor drugs may be useful as neuroprotective agents to prevent Parkinson's disease progression. Additional preclinical studies also show that nicotinic receptor drugs may be beneficial for the treatment of L-dopa induced dyskinesias. Here, we review preclinical findings supporting the idea that nicotinic receptors are valuable therapeutic targets for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiomara A Perez
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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38
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Liu Y, Sun JD, Song LK, Li J, Chu SF, Yuan YH, Chen NH. Environment-contact administration of rotenone: A new rodent model of Parkinson’s disease. Behav Brain Res 2015; 294:149-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Quik M, Zhang D, McGregor M, Bordia T. Alpha7 nicotinic receptors as therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 97:399-407. [PMID: 26093062 PMCID: PMC4600450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that CNS α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are important targets for the development of therapeutic approaches for Parkinson's disease. This progressive neurodegenerative disorder is characterized by debilitating motor deficits, as well as autonomic problems, cognitive declines, changes in affect and sleep disturbances. Currently l-dopa is the gold standard treatment for Parkinson's disease motor problems, particularly in the early disease stages. However, it does not improve the other symptoms, nor does it reduce the inevitable disease progression. Novel therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease are therefore critical. Extensive pre-clinical work using a wide variety of experimental models shows that nicotine and nAChR agonists protect against damage to nigrostriatal and other neuronal cells. This observation suggests that nicotine and/or nAChR agonists may be useful as disease modifying agents. Additionally, studies in several parkinsonian animal models including nonhuman primates show that nicotine reduces l-dopa-induced dyskinesias, a side effect of l-dopa therapy that may be as incapacitating as Parkinson's disease itself. Work with subtype selective nAChR agonists indicate that α7 nAChRs are involved in mediating both the neuroprotective and antidyskinetic effects, thus offering a targeted strategy with optimal beneficial effects and minimal adverse responses. Here, we review studies demonstrating a role for α7 nAChRs in protection against neurodegenerative effects and for the reduction of l-dopa-induced dyskinesias. Altogether, this work suggests that α7 nAChRs may be useful targets for reducing Parkinson's disease progression and for the management of the dyskinesias that arise with l-dopa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryka Quik
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Danhui Zhang
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, CA 94025, USA
| | - Matthew McGregor
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, CA 94025, USA
| | - Tanuja Bordia
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, CA 94025, USA
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Vieira-Brock PL, McFadden LM, Nielsen SM, Ellis JD, Walters ET, Stout KA, McIntosh JM, Wilkins DG, Hanson GR, Fleckenstein AE. Chronic Nicotine Exposure Attenuates Methamphetamine-Induced Dopaminergic Deficits. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 355:463-72. [PMID: 26391161 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.221945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated methamphetamine (METH) administrations cause persistent dopaminergic deficits resembling aspects of Parkinson's disease. Many METH abusers smoke cigarettes and thus self-administer nicotine; yet few studies have investigated the effects of nicotine on METH-induced dopaminergic deficits. This interaction is of interest because preclinical studies demonstrate that nicotine can be neuroprotective, perhaps owing to effects involving α4β2 and α6β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). This study revealed that oral nicotine exposure beginning in adolescence [postnatal day (PND) 40] through adulthood [PND 96] attenuated METH-induced striatal dopaminergic deficits when METH was administered at PND 89. This protection did not appear to be due to nicotine-induced alterations in METH pharmacokinetics. Short-term (i.e., 21-day) high-dose nicotine exposure also protected when administered from PND 40 to PND 61 (with METH at PND 54), but this protective effect did not persist. Short-term (i.e., 21-day) high-dose nicotine exposure did not protect when administered postadolescence (i.e., beginning at PND 61, with METH at PND 75). However, protection was engendered if the duration of nicotine exposure was extended to 39 days (with METH at PND 93). Autoradiographic analysis revealed that nicotine increased striatal α4β2 expression, as assessed using [(125)I]epibatidine. Both METH and nicotine decreased striatal α6β2 expression, as assessed using [(125)I]α-conotoxin MII. These findings indicate that nicotine protects against METH-induced striatal dopaminergic deficits, perhaps by affecting α4β2 and/or α6β2 expression, and that both age of onset and duration of nicotine exposure affect this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula L Vieira-Brock
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.V.-B., L.M.M., S.M.N., J.D.E., E.T.W., K.A.S., G.R.H.), Psychiatry and Biology (J.M.M.), and Pathology (D.G.W.), School of Dentistry (G.R.H., A.E.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - Lisa M McFadden
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.V.-B., L.M.M., S.M.N., J.D.E., E.T.W., K.A.S., G.R.H.), Psychiatry and Biology (J.M.M.), and Pathology (D.G.W.), School of Dentistry (G.R.H., A.E.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - Shannon M Nielsen
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.V.-B., L.M.M., S.M.N., J.D.E., E.T.W., K.A.S., G.R.H.), Psychiatry and Biology (J.M.M.), and Pathology (D.G.W.), School of Dentistry (G.R.H., A.E.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - Jonathan D Ellis
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.V.-B., L.M.M., S.M.N., J.D.E., E.T.W., K.A.S., G.R.H.), Psychiatry and Biology (J.M.M.), and Pathology (D.G.W.), School of Dentistry (G.R.H., A.E.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - Elliot T Walters
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.V.-B., L.M.M., S.M.N., J.D.E., E.T.W., K.A.S., G.R.H.), Psychiatry and Biology (J.M.M.), and Pathology (D.G.W.), School of Dentistry (G.R.H., A.E.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - Kristen A Stout
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.V.-B., L.M.M., S.M.N., J.D.E., E.T.W., K.A.S., G.R.H.), Psychiatry and Biology (J.M.M.), and Pathology (D.G.W.), School of Dentistry (G.R.H., A.E.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - J Michael McIntosh
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.V.-B., L.M.M., S.M.N., J.D.E., E.T.W., K.A.S., G.R.H.), Psychiatry and Biology (J.M.M.), and Pathology (D.G.W.), School of Dentistry (G.R.H., A.E.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - Diana G Wilkins
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.V.-B., L.M.M., S.M.N., J.D.E., E.T.W., K.A.S., G.R.H.), Psychiatry and Biology (J.M.M.), and Pathology (D.G.W.), School of Dentistry (G.R.H., A.E.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - Glen R Hanson
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.V.-B., L.M.M., S.M.N., J.D.E., E.T.W., K.A.S., G.R.H.), Psychiatry and Biology (J.M.M.), and Pathology (D.G.W.), School of Dentistry (G.R.H., A.E.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - Annette E Fleckenstein
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.V.-B., L.M.M., S.M.N., J.D.E., E.T.W., K.A.S., G.R.H.), Psychiatry and Biology (J.M.M.), and Pathology (D.G.W.), School of Dentistry (G.R.H., A.E.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
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Joukar S, Sheibani V, Koushesh F, Ghasemipoor Afshar E, Ghorbani Shahrbabaki S. Arrhythmogenic Risk Assessment Following Four-Week Pretreatment With Nicotine and Black Tea in Rat. Res Cardiovasc Med 2015; 4:e27088. [PMID: 26436072 PMCID: PMC4588709 DOI: 10.5812/cardiovascmed.27088v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is the controversy concerning the main component of tobacco, which is responsible for its arrhythmogenesis. In addition, there is the lack of adequate information about the influence of combination of black tea and nicotine on heart rhythm. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine whether pretreatment with black tea and nicotine could modulate the susceptibility to lethal ventricular arrhythmias. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were randomized to control, black tea, nicotine, and black tea plus nicotine groups. Test groups were treated with black tea brewed (orally) and nicotine (2 mg/kg, subcutaneous), alone and in combination for four weeks. On day 29, aconitine was infused intravenously for induction of cardiac arrhythmia. RESULTS In comparison with the control group, each of tea and nicotine significantly decreased the duration of the ventricular tachycardia (VT) plus ventricular fibrillation (VF) and the score of arrhythmia severity (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively,). The latency for the first VT event was significantly longer in the all test groups, but VF latency was significant only in tea and nicotine groups compared with control group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively).Threshold dose of aconitine for inducing VT and VF increased in all test groups, but only VT showed a significant difference in comparison to the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that sub-chronic consumption of nicotine or black tea alone with appropriate doses could potentially be antiarrhythmic and its combination regimen does not increase the risk of fatal ventricular arrhythmias during four-week consumption period in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyavash Joukar
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Siyavash Joukar, Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-3413220081, E-mail:
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Faramarz Koushesh
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IR Iran
| | - Elham Ghasemipoor Afshar
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Soodabe Ghorbani Shahrbabaki
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
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Sung YH, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Kondo DG, Shi XF, Lundberg KJ, Hellem TL, Huber RS, McGlade EC, Jeong EK, Renshaw PF. Gender differences in the effect of tobacco use on brain phosphocreatine levels in methamphetamine-dependent subjects. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2015; 41:281-9. [PMID: 25871447 DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2015.1019673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high prevalence of tobacco smoking has been observed in methamphetamine users, but there have been no in vivo brain neurochemistry studies addressing gender effects of tobacco smoking in methamphetamine users. Methamphetamine addiction is associated with increased risk of depression and anxiety in females. There is increasing evidence that selective analogues of nicotine, a principal active component of tobacco smoking, may ease depression and improve cognitive performance in animals and humans. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of tobacco smoking and gender on brain phosphocreatine (PCr) levels, a marker of brain energy metabolism reported to be reduced in methamphetamine-dependent subjects. METHODS Thirty female and 27 male methamphetamine-dependent subjects were evaluated with phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P-MRS) to measure PCr levels within the pregenual anterior cingulate, which has been implicated in methamphetamine neurotoxicity. RESULTS Analysis of covariance revealed that there were statistically significant slope (PCr versus lifetime amount of tobacco smoking) differences between female and male methamphetamine-dependent subjects (p = 0.03). In females, there was also a statistically significant interaction between lifetime amounts of tobacco smoking and methamphetamine in regard to PCr levels (p = 0.01), which suggests that tobacco smoking may have a more significant positive impact on brain PCr levels in heavy, as opposed to light to moderate, methamphetamine-dependent females. CONCLUSION These results indicate that tobacco smoking has gender-specific effects in terms of increased anterior cingulate high energy PCr levels in methamphetamine-dependent subjects. Cigarette smoking in methamphetamine-dependent women, particularly those with heavy methamphetamine use, may have a potentially protective effect upon neuronal metabolism.
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43
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Barbosa DJ, Capela JP, de Lourdes Bastos M, Carvalho F. In vitro models for neurotoxicology research. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015; 4:801-842. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nervous system has a highly complex organization, including many cell types with multiple functions, with an intricate anatomy and unique structural and functional characteristics; the study of its (dys)functionality following exposure to xenobiotics, neurotoxicology, constitutes an important issue in neurosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel José Barbosa
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - João Paulo Capela
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - Félix Carvalho
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
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Delijewski M, Wrześniok D, Otręba M, Beberok A, Rok J, Buszman E. Nicotine impact on melanogenesis and antioxidant defense system in HEMn-DP melanocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 395:109-16. [PMID: 24942236 PMCID: PMC4131136 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine is a compound of tobacco plants and is responsible for addictive properties of tobacco which is used by about one billion of smokers all over the world. Recently, nicotine has drawn even more attention due to its presumed neuroprotective and antioxidant features as far as common use in various forms of smoking cessation therapies. It is suggested that nicotine may be accumulated in human tissues containing melanin. This may in turn influence biochemical processes in human cells producing melanin. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of nicotine on melanogenesis and antioxidant defense system in cultured normal human melanocytes (HEMn-DP). Nicotine induced concentration-dependent loss in melanocytes viability. The value of EC50 was determined to be 2.52 mM. Nicotine modulated melanin biosynthesis in normal human melanocytes. Significant changes in hydrogen peroxide content and cellular antioxidant enzymes: SOD, CAT, and GPx activities were stated in melanocytes exposed to nicotine, which indicates alterations of antioxidant defense system. The results obtained in vitro may explain a potential influence of nicotine on biochemical processes in melanocytes in vivo during long-term exposition to nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Delijewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
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Uteshev VV. The therapeutic promise of positive allosteric modulation of nicotinic receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 727:181-5. [PMID: 24530419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, deficits in cholinergic neurotransmission correlate with decreased attention and cognitive impairment, while stimulation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors improves attention, cognitive performance and neuronal resistance to injury as well as produces robust analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The rational basis for the therapeutic use of orthosteric agonists and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of nicotinic receptors arises from the finding that functional nicotinic receptors are ubiquitously expressed in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues including brain regions highly vulnerable to traumatic and ischemic types of injury (e.g., cortex and hippocampus). Moreover, functional nicotinic receptors do not vanish in age-, disease- and trauma-related neuropathologies, but their expression and/or activation levels decline in a subunit- and brain region-specific manner. Therefore, augmenting the endogenous cholinergic tone by nicotinic agents is possible and may offset neurological impairments associated with cholinergic hypofunction. Importantly, because neuronal damage elevates extracellular levels of choline (a selective agonist of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors) near the site of injury, α7-PAM-based treatments may augment pathology-activated α7-dependent auto-therapies where and when they are most needed (i.e., in the penumbra, post-injury). Thus, nicotinic-PAM-based treatments are expected to augment the endogenous cholinergic tone in a spatially and temporally restricted manner creating the potential for differential efficacy and improved safety as compared to exogenous orthosteric nicotinic agonists that activate nicotinic receptors indiscriminately. In this review, I will summarize the existing trends in therapeutic applications of nicotinic PAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Uteshev
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology, although a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors has been implicated as a pathogenic mechanism of selected neuronal loss. A better understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, and molecular mechanisms underlying the disease process may be gained from research on animal models. While cell and tissue models are helpful in unraveling involved molecular pathways, animal models are much better suited to study the pathogenesis and potential treatment strategies. The animal models most relevant to PD include those generated by neurotoxic chemicals that selectively disrupt the catecholaminergic system such as 6-hydroxydopamine; 1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropiridine; agricultural pesticide toxins, such as rotenone and paraquat; the ubiquitin proteasome system inhibitors; inflammatory modulators; and several genetically manipulated models, such as α-synuclein, DJ-1, PINK1, Parkin, and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 transgenic or knock-out animals. Genetic and nongenetic animal models have their own unique advantages and limitations, which must be considered when they are employed in the study of pathogenesis or treatment approaches. This review provides a summary and a critical review of our current knowledge about various in vivo models of PD used to test novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Le
- />1st Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011 China
| | - Pavani Sayana
- />Department of Medicine, Gandhi Medical College, Padmarao Nagar, Secunderabad, AP 500020 India
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- />Parkinson’s Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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Morioka N, Tokuhara M, Nakamura Y, Idenoshita Y, Harano S, Zhang FF, Hisaoka-Nakashima K, Nakata Y. Primary cultures of rat cortical microglia treated with nicotine increases in the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (GLAST) via the activation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Neuroscience 2013; 258:374-84. [PMID: 24300109 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although the clearance of glutamate from the synapse under physiological conditions is performed by astrocytic glutamate transporters, their expression might be diminished under pathological conditions. Microglia glutamate transporters, however, might serve as a back-up system when astrocytic glutamate uptake is impaired, and could have a prominent neuroprotective function under pathological conditions. In the current study, the effect of nicotine, well known as a neuroprotective molecule, on the function of glutamate transporters in cultured rat cortical microglia was examined. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and pharmacological approaches demonstrated that, glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST), not glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1), is the major functional glutamate transporter in cultured cortical microglia. Furthermore, the α7 subunit was demonstrated to be the key subunit comprising nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptors in these cells. Treatment of cortical microglia with nicotine led to a significant increase of GLAST mRNA expression and (14)C-glutamate uptake in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, which were markedly inhibited by pretreatment with methyllycaconitine, a selective α7 nACh receptor antagonist. The nicotine-induced expression of GLAST mRNA and protein is mediated through an inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) depend intracellular pathway, since pretreatment with either xestospongin C, an IP3 receptor antagonist, or KN-93, a CaMKII inhibitor, blocked GLAST expression. Together, these findings indicate that activation of nACh receptors, specifically those expressing the α7 subunit, on cortical microglia could be a key mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of nACh receptor ligands such as nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Morioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - M Tokuhara
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Y Idenoshita
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - S Harano
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - F F Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - K Hisaoka-Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Y Nakata
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Barbosa DJ, Capela JP, Silva R, Ferreira LM, Branco PS, Fernandes E, Bastos ML, Carvalho F. "Ecstasy"-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y differentiated cells: role of hyperthermia and metabolites. Arch Toxicol 2013; 88:515-31. [PMID: 24177245 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; "ecstasy") is a recreational hallucinogenic drug of abuse known to elicit neurotoxic properties. Hepatic formation of neurotoxic metabolites is thought to play a major role in MDMA-related neurotoxicity, though the mechanisms involved are still unclear. Here, we studied the neurotoxicity mechanisms and stability of MDMA and 6 of its major human metabolites, namely α-methyldopamine (α-MeDA) and N-methyl-α-methyldopamine (N-Me-α-MeDA) and their correspondent glutathione (GSH) and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) conjugates, under normothermic (37 °C) or hyperthermic conditions (40 °C), using cultured SH-SY5Y differentiated cells. We showed that MDMA metabolites exhibited toxicity to SH-SY5Y differentiated cells, being the GSH and NAC conjugates more toxic than their catecholic precursors and MDMA. Furthermore, whereas the toxicity of the catechol metabolites was potentiated by hyperthermia, NAC-conjugated metabolites revealed higher toxicity under normothermia and GSH-conjugated metabolites-induced toxicity was temperature-independent. Moreover, a time-dependent decrease in extracellular concentration of MDMA metabolites was observed, which was potentiated by hyperthermia. The antioxidant NAC significantly protected against the neurotoxic effects of MDMA metabolites. MDMA metabolites increased intracellular glutathione levels, though depletion in thiol content was observed in MDMA-exposed cells. Finally, the neurotoxic effects induced by the MDMA metabolite N-Me-α-MeDA involved caspase 3 activation. In conclusion, this study evaluated the stability of MDMA metabolites in vitro, and demonstrated that the catechol MDMA metabolites and their GSH and NAC conjugates, rather than MDMA itself, exhibited neurotoxic actions in SH-SY5Y differentiated cells, which were differently affected by hyperthermia, thus highlighting a major role for reactive metabolites and hyperthermia in MDMA's neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel José Barbosa
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia), Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal,
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Posadas I, López-Hernández B, Ceña V. Nicotinic receptors in neurodegeneration. Curr Neuropharmacol 2013; 11:298-314. [PMID: 24179465 PMCID: PMC3648781 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11311030005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have focused on expanding our knowledge of the structure and diversity of peripheral and central nicotinic receptors. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are members of the Cys-loop superfamily of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels, which include GABA (A and C), serotonin, and glycine receptors. Currently, 9 alpha (α2-α10) and 3 beta (β2-β4) subunits have been identified in the central nervous system (CNS), and these subunits assemble to form a variety of functional nAChRs. The pentameric combination of several alpha and beta subunits leads to a great number of nicotinic receptors that vary in their properties, including their sensitivity to nicotine, permeability to calcium and propensity to desensitize. In the CNS, nAChRs play crucial roles in modulating presynaptic, postsynaptic, and extrasynaptic signaling, and have been found to be involved in a complex range of CNS disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), schizophrenia, Tourette´s syndrome, anxiety, depression and epilepsy. Therefore, there is growing interest in the development of drugs that modulate nAChR functions with optimal benefits and minimal adverse effects. The present review describes the main characteristics of nAChRs in the CNS and focuses on the various compounds that have been tested and are currently in phase I and phase II trials for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases including PD, AD and age-associated memory and mild cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Posadas
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath. CSIC-Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas. Albacete, Spain and CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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50
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Barbosa DJ, Capela JP, Silva R, Vilas-Boas V, Ferreira LM, Branco PS, Fernandes E, Bastos MDL, Carvalho F. The mixture of “ecstasy” and its metabolites is toxic to human SH-SY5Y differentiated cells at in vivo relevant concentrations. Arch Toxicol 2013; 88:455-73. [PMID: 24101030 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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