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Zou MX, Xia C, Wu PF, Hu HH, Zhu HX, Zheng BW, Jiang LX, Escobar D, Li J, Lü GH, Huang W, Zhang TL, Liu JH. Is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Spinal Degenerative Disorders?: Evidence from Observational and 2-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analyses. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2024; 106:1189-1196. [PMID: 38958660 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.23.00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and spinal degenerative disorders (SDD) are common diseases that frequently coexist. However, both traditional observational studies and recent Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have demonstrated conflicting evidence on the association between T2DM and SDD. This comparative study explored and compared the association between T2DM and SDD using observational and MR analyses. METHODS For observational analyses, cross-sectional studies (44,972 participants with T2DM and 403,095 participants without T2DM), case-control studies (38,234 participants with SDD and 409,833 participants without SDD), and prospective studies (35,550 participants with T2DM and 392,046 participants without T2DM with follow-up information until 2022) were performed to test the relationship between T2DM and SDD using individual-level data from the U.K. Biobank from 2006 to 2022. For MR analyses, the associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms with SDD susceptibility obtained using participant data from the U.K. Biobank, which had 407,938 participants from 2006 to 2022, and the FinnGen Consortium, which had 227,388 participants from 2017 to 2022, and genetic predisposition to T2DM obtained using summary statistics from a pooled genome-wide association study involving 1,407,282 individuals were examined. The onset and severity of T2DM are not available in the databases being used. RESULTS Participants with T2DM were more likely to have SDD than their counterparts. Logistic regression analysis identified T2DM as an independent risk factor for SDD, which was confirmed by the Cox proportional hazard model results. However, using single-nucleotide polymorphisms as instruments, the MR analyses demonstrated no causal relationship between T2DM and SDD. The lack of such an association was robust in the sensitivity analysis, and no pleiotropy was seen. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the association between T2DM and SDD may be method-dependent. Researchers and clinicians should be cautious in interpreting the association, especially the causal association, between T2DM and SDD. Our findings provide fresh insights into the association between T2DM and SDD by various analysis methods and guide future research and clinical efforts in the effective prevention and management of T2DM and SDD. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xiang Zou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Xia
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Hong Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xia Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Wen Zheng
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Xiang Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - David Escobar
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hua Lü
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao-Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Hua Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Xiang P, Luo ZP, Che YJ. Insights into the mechanical microenvironment within the cartilaginous endplate: An emerging role in maintaining disc homeostasis and normal function. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31162. [PMID: 38803964 PMCID: PMC11128916 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical factors are strongly linked with the emergence and development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). The intervertebral disc (IVD), as a unique enclosed biomechanical structure, exhibits distinct mechanical properties within its substructures. Damage to the mechanical performance of any substructure can disrupt the overall mechanical function of the IVD. Endplate degeneration serves as a significant precursor to IVDD. The endplate (EP) structure, especially the cartilaginous endplate (CEP), serves as a conduit for nutrient and metabolite transport in the IVD. It is inevitably influenced by its nutritional environment, mechanical loading, cytokines and extracellular components. Currently, reports on strategies targeting the CEP for the prevention and treatment of IVDD are scarce. This is due to two primary reasons: first, limited knowledge of the biomechanical microenvironment surrounding the degenerated CEP cells; and second, innovative biological treatment strategies, such as implanting active cells (disc or mesenchymal stem cells) or modulating natural cell activity through the addition of therapeutic factors or genes to treat IVDD often overlook a critical aspect-the restoration of the nutrient supply function and mechanical microenvironment of the endplate. Therefore, restoring the healthy structure of the CEP and maintaining a stable mechanical microenvironment within the EP are crucial for the prevention of IVDD and the repair of degenerated IVDs. We present a comprehensive literature review on the mechanical microenvironment characteristics of cartilage endplates and their associated mechanical signaling pathways. Our aim is to provide valuable insights into the development and implementation of strategies to prevent IVDD by delaying or reversing CEP degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of SooChow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, PR China
| | - Zong-Ping Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of SooChow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, PR China
| | - Yan-Jun Che
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215008, PR China
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Tian X, Zhao H, Yang S, Ding W. The effect of diabetes mellitus on lumbar disc degeneration: an MRI-based study. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 33:1999-2006. [PMID: 38361008 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-024-08150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to analyse the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the radiological changes of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) on the intervertebral discs and paravertebral muscle to investigate the effect of DM on spinal degeneration. METHODS This retrospective study initially included 262 patients who underwent treatment between January 2020 and December 2021 because of lumbar disc herniation. Amongst these patients, 98 patients suffered from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for more than five years; this is the poorly controlled group (haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5%; BMI: 26.28 ± 3.60; HbA1c: 7.5, IQR = 1.3). Another 164 patients without T2DM are included in the control group. The data collected and analysed include gender, age, smoking, alcohol use, disease course, Charlson Comorbidity Index, BMI, and radiological parameters including disc height, modified Pfirrmann grading scores, percentage of fat infiltration area of paravertebral muscle, and pathological changes of the endplate. RESULTS After propensity score-matched analysis, the difference in general data between the control and T2DM groups was eliminated, and 186 patients were analysed. The modified Pfirrmann grading scores showed statistical differences in every lumbar segment, suggesting that the T2DM group suffered from greater disc degeneration at all L1-S1 segments compared with the control group. The disc height from L1/2 to L5/S1 was not statistically different between the two groups. Compared to the T2DM group, the control group had a lower percentage of fat infiltration areas in L4/5 and L5/S1 paravertebral muscle, whereas L1/2 to L3/4 showed no statistical difference. The T2DM group had more pathological changes of cartilage endplate compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged uncontrolled hyperglycaemia may contribute to lumbar disc degeneration, fatty infiltration of the paraspinal muscles in the lower lumbar segments, and increased incidence of endplate cartilage pathological changes in patients with degenerative disc disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Tian
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Sidong Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China.
| | - Wenyuan Ding
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China.
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Vélez EJ, Schnebert S, Goguet M, Balbuena-Pecino S, Dias K, Beauclair L, Fontagné-Dicharry S, Véron V, Depincé A, Beaumatin F, Herpin A, Seiliez I. Chaperone-mediated autophagy protects against hyperglycemic stress. Autophagy 2024; 20:752-768. [PMID: 37798944 PMCID: PMC11062381 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2267415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a major pathway of lysosomal proteolysis critical for cellular homeostasis and metabolism, and whose defects have been associated with several human pathologies. While CMA has been well described in mammals, functional evidence has only recently been documented in fish, opening up new perspectives to tackle this function under a novel angle. Now we propose to explore CMA functions in the rainbow trout (RT, Oncorhynchus mykiss), a fish species recognized as a model organism of glucose intolerance and characterized by the presence of two paralogs of the CMA-limiting factor Lamp2A (lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A). To this end, we validated a fluorescent reporter (KFERQ-PA-mCherry1) previously used to track functional CMA in mammalian cells, in an RT hepatoma-derived cell line (RTH-149). We found that incubation of cells with high-glucose levels (HG, 25 mM) induced translocation of the CMA reporter to lysosomes and/or late endosomes in a KFERQ- and Lamp2A-dependent manner, as well as reduced its half-life compared to the control (5 mM), thus demonstrating increased CMA flux. Furthermore, we observed that activation of CMA upon HG exposure was mediated by generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and involving the antioxidant transcription factor Nfe2l2/Nrf2 (nfe2 like bZIP transcription factor 2). Finally, we demonstrated that CMA plays an important protective role against HG-induced stress, primarily mediated by one of the two RT Lamp2As. Together, our results provide unequivocal evidence for CMA activity existence in RT and highlight both the role and regulation of CMA during glucose-related metabolic disorders.Abbreviations: AREs: antioxidant response elements; CHC: α-cyano -4-hydroxycinnamic acid; Chr: chromosome; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; CT: control; DMF: dimethyl fumarate; Emi: endosomal microautophagy; HG: high-glucose; HMOX1: heme oxygenase 1; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; KFERQ: lysine-phenylalanine-glutamate-arginine-glutamine; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LAMP2A: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A; MCC: Manders' correlation coefficient; Manders' correlation coefficient Mo: morpholino oligonucleotide; NAC: N-acetyl cysteine; NFE2L2/NRF2: NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2; PA-mCherry: photoactivable mCherry; PCC: Pearson's correlation coefficient; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RT: rainbow trout; siRNAs: small interfering RNAs; SOD: superoxide dismutase; Tsg101: tumor susceptibility 101; TTFA: 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone; WGD: whole-genome duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J. Vélez
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Simon Schnebert
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Maxime Goguet
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Sara Balbuena-Pecino
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Karine Dias
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Linda Beauclair
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Stéphanie Fontagné-Dicharry
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Vincent Véron
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Alexandra Depincé
- INRAE, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Florian Beaumatin
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Amaury Herpin
- INRAE, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Iban Seiliez
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l‘Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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5
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Wu D, Huang W, Zhang J, He L, Chen S, Zhu S, Sang Y, Liu K, Hou G, Chen B, Xu Y, Liu B, Yao H. Downregulation of VEGFA accelerates AGEs-mediated nucleus pulposus degeneration through inhibiting protective mitophagy in high glucose environments. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129950. [PMID: 38320636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) contributes largely to low back pain. Recent studies have highlighted the exacerbating role of diabetes mellitus (DM) in IVDD, mainly due to the influence of hyperglycemia (HG) or the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) newly assumed a distinct impact in nonvascular tissues through mitophagy regulation. However, the combined actions of HG and AGEs on IVDD and the involved role of VEGFA remain unclear. We confirmed the potential relation between VEGFA and DM through bioinformatics and biological specimen detection. Then we observed that AGEs induced nucleus pulposus (NP) cell degeneration by upregulating cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and HG further aggravated ROS level through breaking AGEs-induced protective mitophagy. Furthermore, this adverse effect could be strengthened by VEGFA knockdown. Importantly, we identified that the regulation of VEGFA and mitophagy were vital mechanisms in AGEs-HG-induced NP cell degeneration through Parkin/Akt/mTOR and AMPK/mTOR pathway. Additionally, VEGFA overexpression through local injection with lentivirus carrying VEGFA plasmids significantly alleviated NP degeneration and IVDD in STZ-induced diabetes and puncture rat models. In conclusion, the findings first confirmed that VEGFA protects against AGEs-HG-induced IVDD, which may represent a therapeutic strategy for DM-related IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weijun Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Junbin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Sihan Zhu
- University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Yuan Sang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kaihua Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Gang Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Biying Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yichun Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Li S, Du J, Huang Y, Gao S, Zhao Z, Chang Z, Zhang X, He B. From hyperglycemia to intervertebral disc damage: exploring diabetic-induced disc degeneration. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355503. [PMID: 38444852 PMCID: PMC10912372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of lumbar disc herniation has gradually increased in recent years, and most patients have symptoms of low back pain and nerve compression, which brings a heavy burden to patients and society alike. Although the causes of disc herniation are complex, intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is considered to be the most common factor. The intervertebral disc (IVD) is composed of the upper and lower cartilage endplates, nucleus pulposus, and annulus fibrosus. Aging, abnormal mechanical stress load, and metabolic disorders can exacerbate the progression of IDD. Among them, high glucose and high-fat diets (HFD) can lead to fat accumulation, abnormal glucose metabolism, and inflammation, which are considered important factors affecting the homeostasis of IDD. Diabetes and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulation- can lead to various adverse effects on the IVD, including cell senescence, apoptosis, pyroptosis, proliferation, and Extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. While current research provides a fundamental basis for the treatment of high glucose-induced IDD patients. further exploration into the mechanisms of abnormal glucose metabolism affecting IDD and in the development of targeted drugs will provide the foundation for the effective treatment of these patients. We aimed to systematically review studies regarding the effects of hyperglycemia on the progress of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Youyidong Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Medical College, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinpeng Du
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Youyidong Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunfei Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Youyidong Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shenglong Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Youyidong Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Medical College, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Youyidong Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Chang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Youyidong Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuefang Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Youyidong Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - BaoRong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Youyidong Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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7
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Zhang P, He J, Gan Y, Shang Q, Chen H, Zhao W, Cui J, Shen G, Li Y, Jiang X, Zhu G, Ren H. Unravelling diagnostic clusters and immune landscapes of cuproptosis patterns in intervertebral disc degeneration through dry and wet experiments. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:15599-15623. [PMID: 38159257 PMCID: PMC10781477 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cuproptosis is a manner of mitochondrial cell death induced by copper. However, cuproptosis modulators' molecular processes in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) are still unclear. To better understand the processes of cuproptosis regulators in IDD, a thorough analysis of cuproptosis regulators in the diagnostic biomarkers and subtype determination of IDD was conducted. Then we collected clinical IDD samples and successfully established IDD model in vivo and in vitro, and carried out real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) validation of significant cuproptosis modulators. Totally we identified 8 crucial cuproptosis regulators in the present research. Using a random forest model, we isolated 8 diagnostic cuproptosis modulators for the prediction of IDD risk. Then, based on our following decision curve analysis, we selected the five diagnostic cuproptosis regulators with importance scores greater than two and built a nomogram model. Using a consensus clustering method, we divided IDD patients into two cuproptosis clusters (clusterA and clusterB) based on the important cuproptosis regulators. Additionally, each sample's cuproptosis value was evaluated using principal component analysis in order to quantify the cuproptosis clusters. Patients in clusterB had higher cuproptosis scores than patients in clusterA. Moreover, we found that clusterB was involved in the immunity of natural killer cell, while clusterA was related to activated CD4 T cell, activated B cell, etc. Notably, cuproptosis modulators detected by RT-qPCR showed generally consistent expression levels with the bioinformatics results. To sum up, cuproptosis modulators play a crucial role in the pathogenic process of IDD, providing biomarkers and immunotherapeutic approaches for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jiahui He
- The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510130, China
| | - Yanchi Gan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Qi Shang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jianchao Cui
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Gengyang Shen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Guangye Zhu
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - Hui Ren
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
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Chen Y, Du H, Wang X, Li B, Chen X, Yang X, Zhao C, Zhao J. ANGPTL4 May Regulate the Crosstalk Between Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Combined Analysis of Bioinformatics and Rat Models. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:6361-6384. [PMID: 38161353 PMCID: PMC10757813 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s426439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The crosstalk between intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been investigated. However, the common mechanism underlying this phenomenon has not been clearly elucidated. This study aimed to explore the shared gene signatures of IVDD and T2DM. Methods The expression profiles of IVDD (GSE27494) and T2DM (GSE20966) were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Five hub genes including ANGPTL4, CCL2, CCN3, THBS2, and INHBA were preliminarily screened. GO (Gene Ontology) enrichment analysis, functional correlation analysis, immune filtration, Transcription factors (TFs)-mRNA-miRNA coregulatory network, and potential drugs prediction were performed following the identification of hub genes. RNA sequencing, in vivo and in vitro experiments on rats were further performed to validate the expression and function of the target gene. Results Five hub genes (ANGPTL4, CCL2, CCN3, THBS2, and INHBA) were identified. GO analysis demonstrated the regulation of the immune system, extracellular matrix (ECM), and SMAD protein signal transduction. There was a strong correlation between hub genes and different functions, including lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and ECM degradation. The immune filtration pattern grouped by disease and the expression of hub genes showed significant changes in the immune cell composition. TFs-mRNA-miRNA co-expression networks were constructed. In addition, pepstatin showed great drug-targeting relevance based on potential drugs prediction of hub genes. ANGPTL4, a gene that mediates the inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity, was eventually determined after hub gene screening, validation by different datasets, RNA sequencing, and experiments. Discussion This study screened five hub genes and ANGPTL4 was eventually determined as a potential target for the regulation of the crosstalk in patients with IVDD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baixing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuzhuo Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changqing Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
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Hua KF, Li LH, Yu HC, Wong WT, Hsu HT. Leptin Induces MMP-1 Expression Through the RhoA/ERK1/2/NF-κB Axis in Human Intervertebral Disc Cartilage Endplate-Derived Stem Cells. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:5235-5248. [PMID: 38026238 PMCID: PMC10657743 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s431026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, associated with aging, may cause low back pain and disability, with obesity as a significant risk factor. In a prior study, we found a positive correlation between IVD degeneration and levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and leptin. Yet, the interaction between MMP-1 and leptin in IVD degeneration is unclear. Our research seeks to explore leptin's influence on MMP-1 expression and the underlying mechanisms in human intervertebral disc cartilage endplate-derived stem cells, specifically SV40 cells. Methods The mRNA and protein expression in leptin-stimulated SV40 cells were assessed using RT-real-time PCR and Western blotting or ELISA, respectively. We examined leptin-mediated RhoA activation through a GTP-bound RhoA pull-down assay. Furthermore, the phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases and AKT in leptin-stimulated SV40 cells were analyzed using Western blotting. The activation of NF-κB by leptin was investigated by assessing phosphorylation of IKKα/β, IκBα, and NF-κB p65, along with the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. To understand the underlying mechanism behind leptin-mediated MMP-1 expression, we employed specific inhibitors. Results Leptin triggered the mRNA and protein expression of MMP-1 in SV40 cells. In-depth mechanistic investigations uncovered that leptin heightened RhoA activity, promoted ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and increased NF-κB activity. However, leptin did not induce phosphorylation of JNK1/2, p38, or AKT. When we inhibited RhoA, ERK1/2, and NF-κB, it resulted in a decrease in MMP-1 expression. Conversely, inhibition of reactive oxygen species and NADPH oxidase did not yield the same outcome. Additionally, inhibiting RhoA or ERK1/2 led to a reduction in leptin-induced NF-κB activation. Moreover, inhibiting RhoA also decreased leptin-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Conclusion These results indicated that leptin induced MMP-1 expression in SV40 cells through the RhoA/ERK1/2/NF-κB axis. This study provided the pathogenic role of leptin and suggested the potential therapeutic target for IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan, 26047, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, 108, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chiao Yu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Wong
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan, 26047, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ta Hsu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
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10
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Ji L, Wang Y, Lu T, Yang J, Luo C, Qiu B. Identification of blood metabolites linked to the risk of intervertebral disc diseases: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study. Postgrad Med J 2023; 99:1148-1153. [PMID: 37399049 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) has affected millions of people worldwide and dramatically affects human beings' quality of life. Observational studies hypothesize that metabolites play key roles as markers and effectors of IVDD, but their causality has not yet been illustrated. METHODS We conducted comprehensive Mendelian randomization (MR) to determine the causal relationship between 249 plasma metabolites and IVDD. Inverse-variance weighting was used as the primary estimate, whereas MR-Egger and weighed median were used to detect robustness. A series of sensitivity analyses including Cochran Q test, leave one out, and MR-Egger intercept analysis were also conducted. RESULTS In total, we found 13 blood metabolites significantly associated with IVDD, including phospholipids in very large high-density lipoprotein (HDL), free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large HDL, average diameter for HDL particles, cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in large HDL, free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium HDL, creatinine, free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large HDL, phospholipids to total lipids ratio in very large HDL, cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large HDL, cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in large HDL, phospholipids in large HDL, total lipids in very large HDL, and total lipids in large HDL. No pleiotropy was detected. Heterogeneity existed in several estimates and random-effect inverse-variance weighting was applied. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlighted the causal association of blood metabolites with the risk of IVDD. Our results provide new insights into possible treatment protocols controlling the concentration of specific blood metabolites in IVDD patients. Key messages What is already known on this topic Low back pain is the most common symptom for patients with intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and influences the quality of life of large populations. Observational studies have indicated the association between metabolites and IVDD. However, causality has not been determined yet. What this study adds We conducted a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study to reveal the causal effect from 249 blood metabolites on low back pain. A total of 13 metabolites were found to causally affect the risk of IVDD, among which 11 were negatively associated and 2 were positively asscociated. How this study might affect research, practice, or policy These 13 significant metabolites could serve as biomarkers for IVDD and our results provide new insights into possible treatment protocols for IVDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsong Ji
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Tingsheng Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Jianwen Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Chunshan Luo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Bing Qiu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, Guiyang 550014, China
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Pang H, Chen S, Klyne DM, Harrich D, Ding W, Yang S, Han FY. Low back pain and osteoarthritis pain: a perspective of estrogen. Bone Res 2023; 11:42. [PMID: 37542028 PMCID: PMC10403578 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is the world's leading cause of disability and is increasing in prevalence more rapidly than any other pain condition. Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and facet joint osteoarthritis (FJOA) are two common causes of LBP, and both occur more frequently in elderly women than in other populations. Moreover, osteoarthritis (OA) and OA pain, regardless of the joint, are experienced by up to twice as many women as men, and this difference is amplified during menopause. Changes in estrogen may be an important contributor to these pain states. Receptors for estrogen have been found within IVD tissue and nearby joints, highlighting the potential roles of estrogen within and surrounding the IVDs and joints. In addition, estrogen supplementation has been shown to be effective at ameliorating IVD degeneration and OA progression, indicating its potential use as a therapeutic agent for people with LBP and OA pain. This review comprehensively examines the relationship between estrogen and these pain conditions by summarizing recent preclinical and clinical findings. The potential molecular mechanisms by which estrogen may relieve LBP associated with IVD degeneration and FJOA and OA pain are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Pang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Shihui Chen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - David M Klyne
- NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - David Harrich
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Wenyuan Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
- Hebei Joint International Research Center for Spinal Diseases, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Sidong Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
- Hebei Joint International Research Center for Spinal Diseases, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
| | - Felicity Y Han
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Blasiak J, Chojnacki J, Szczepanska J, Fila M, Chojnacki C, Kaarniranta K, Pawlowska E. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, an Active Green Tea Component to Support Anti-VEGFA Therapy in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Nutrients 2023; 15:3358. [PMID: 37571296 PMCID: PMC10421466 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a largely incurable disease and an emerging problem in aging societies. It occurs in two forms, dry and wet (exudative, neovascular), which may cause legal blindness and sight loss. Currently, there is not any effective treatment for dry AMD. Meanwhile, repeated intravitreal injections with antibodies effective against vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) slow down wet AMD progression but are not free from complications. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is an active compound of green tea, which exerts many beneficial effects in the retinal pigment epithelium and the neural retina. It has been reported to downregulate the VEGFA gene by suppressing its activators. The inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases 1 and 3 (MAPK1 and MAPK3) may lie behind the antiangiogenic action of EGCG mediated by VEGFA. EGCG exerts protective effects against UV-induced damage to retinal cells and improves dysfunctional autophagy. EGCG may also interact with the mechanistic target rapamycin (MTOR) and unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase (ULK1) to modulate the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis. Several other studies report beneficial effects of EGCG on the retina that may be related to wet AMD. Therefore, controlled clinical trials are needed to verify whether diet supplementation with EGCG or green tea consumption may improve the results of anti-VEGFA therapy in wet AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jan Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Joanna Szczepanska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-217 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (E.P.)
| | - Michal Fila
- Department of Developmental Neurology and Epileptology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Cezary Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-217 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (E.P.)
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Samanta A, Lufkin T, Kraus P. Intervertebral disc degeneration-Current therapeutic options and challenges. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1156749. [PMID: 37483952 PMCID: PMC10359191 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1156749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is a normal part of aging. Due to the spine's declining function and the development of pain, it may affect one's physical health, mental health, and socioeconomic status. Most of the intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) therapies today focus on the symptoms of low back pain rather than the underlying etiology or mechanical function of the disc. The deteriorated disc is typically not restored by conservative or surgical therapies that largely focus on correcting symptoms and structural abnormalities. To enhance the clinical outcome and the quality of life of a patient, several therapeutic modalities have been created. In this review, we discuss genetic and environmental causes of IVDD and describe promising modern endogenous and exogenous therapeutic approaches including their applicability and relevance to the degeneration process.
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Zhao X, Yuan J, Jia J, Zhang J, Liu J, Chen Q, Li T, Wu Z, Wu H, Miao X, Wu T, Li B, Cheng X. Role of non‑coding RNAs in cartilage endplate (Review). Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:312. [PMID: 37273754 PMCID: PMC10236100 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage endplate (CEP) degeneration is considered one of the major causes of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), which causes non-specific neck and lower back pain. In addition, several non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long ncRNAs, microRNAs and circular RNAs have been shown to be involved in the regulation of various diseases. However, the particular role of ncRNAs in CEP remains unclear. Identifying these ncRNAs and their interactions may prove to be is useful for the understanding of CEP health and disease. These RNA molecules regulate signaling pathways and biological processes that are critical for a healthy CEP. When dysregulated, they can contribute to the development disease. Herein, studies related to ncRNAs interactions and regulatory functions in CEP are reviewed. In addition, a summary of the current knowledge regarding the deregulation of ncRNAs in IDD in relation to their actions on CEP cell functions, including cell proliferation, apoptosis and extracellular matrix synthesis/degradation is presented. The present review provides novel insight into the pathogenesis of IDD and may shed light on future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jinghong Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwen Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Miao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Tianlong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Intervertebral Disc Disease, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Intervertebral Disc Disease, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xigao Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Intervertebral Disc Disease, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- Institute of Minimally Invasive Orthopedics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Li B, Li W, Liu T, Zha L. Extracellular vesicles regulate the transmission of insulin resistance and redefine noncommunicable diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 9:1024786. [PMID: 36699697 PMCID: PMC9868246 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1024786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as diabetes and related neurological disorders, are considered to not be directly transmissible from one person to another. However, NCDs may be transmissible in vivo through extracellular vesicles (EVs). A long-term high-fat diet (HFD) can induce a series of health issues like hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) due to insulin resistance. Multiple molecular signaling changes can stimulate insulin resistance, especially blocking insulin signaling by increased insulin resistance inducer (phosphorylation of negative regulatory sites of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins) and decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (phosphorylation of positive regulatory sites of IRS), thus leading to reduced phosphorylation of AKT enzymes. Current efforts to treat T2DM and prevent its complications mainly focus on improving insulin sensitivity, enhancing insulin secretion, or supplementing exogenous insulin based on a common assumption that insulin resistance is noncommunicable. However, insulin resistance is transmissible within multiple tissues or organs throughout the body. Exploring the regulatory roles of EVs in developing insulin resistance may provide novel and effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory of Cosmetic Safety Evaluation, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wan Li
- School of Physical Education, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Tiancai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Longying Zha
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory of Cosmetic Safety Evaluation, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Yang F, Wang J, Qu K, Wei H, Song Z, Xu H, Wang Z, Chen Y. Responses of INS-1 cells to glucose stimulation patterns. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 144:213199. [PMID: 36424275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes has become a major public health problem in the world for many years, and it is driving us to probe into its complex mechanism of insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells. The nanoscale resolution characterization of pancreatic β cells in response to glucose led to insights into diverse mechanical and functional processes at the single cell level. Recent advances allowed the direct observations of cytoskeleton dynamics which were quantitatively determined. Here, we firstly performed the glucose stimulation with multiple physiologically relevant glucose patterns. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) produced high spatial resolution mechanical images together with the insulin secretions linking the physical interactions to the biochemical process of INS-1 cells. Altered material properties of the INS-1 cells revealed the regulation of multiple glucose stimulation patterns. Rapidly responded to high glucose (HG), INS-1 cells presented the unique meshing networks of elasticities. The decreases of Young's modulus (YM) and insulin secretion suggested that mechanical changes affected the insulin release. Furthermore, the frequency and gradient of glucose patterns induced nanomechanical and secreting changes of the INS-1 cells and gained the knowledge on the potential controllability of glucose. The relationships between the cellular mechanics and insulin secretion of INS-1 cells could contribute to establish a mechanical cell model for the study of β cells in diabetes. The results also indicated the cell mechanics as promising mechanical biomarkers for β cells, and promoted the understanding of specific mechanical mechanism of glucose regulation, which lighted on the further application of functional glucose regulation in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Multi-information Nano Detection & Handling of Single Cells, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Multi-information Nano Detection & Handling of Single Cells, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Kaige Qu
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Multi-information Nano Detection & Handling of Single Cells, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Huimiao Wei
- Changli Nano Biotechnology Ltd, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhengxun Song
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Multi-information Nano Detection & Handling of Single Cells, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Multi-information Nano Detection & Handling of Single Cells, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zuobin Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Multi-information Nano Detection & Handling of Single Cells, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; JR3CN & IRAC, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK.
| | - Yujuan Chen
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Multi-information Nano Detection & Handling of Single Cells, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China.
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Yang F, Liu W, Huang Y, Yang S, Shao Z, Cai X, Xiong L. Regulated cell death: Implications for intervertebral disc degeneration and therapy. J Orthop Translat 2022; 37:163-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis Revealed Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Related Genes Underlying Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1372483. [PMID: 36267810 PMCID: PMC9578809 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1372483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). We aim to explore the pathways and key genes that cause mitochondrial dysfunction during IDD and to further reveal the pathogenesis of IDD based on bioinformatic analyses. Methods Datasets GSE70362 and GSE124272 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of mitochondrial dysfunction between IDD patients and healthy controls were screened by package limma package. Critical genes were identified by adopting gene ontology (GO), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. We collected both degenerated and normal disc tissues obtained surgically, and we performed western blot and qPCR to verify the key DEGs identified in intervertebral disc tissues. Results In total, 40 cases of IDD and 24 healthy controls were included. We identified 152 DEGs, including 67 upregulated genes and 85 downregulated genes. Four genes related to mitochondrial dysfunction (SOX9, FLVCR1, NR5A1 and UCHL1) were screened out. Of them, SOX9, FLVCR1, and UCHL1 were down-regulated in peripheral blood and intervertebral disc tissues of IDD patients, while NR5A1 was up-regulated. The analysis of immune infiltration showed the concentrations of mast cells activated were significantly the highest in IDD patients. Compared with the control group, the level of T cells CD4 memory resting was the lowest in the patients. In addition, 24 cases of IDD tissues and 12 cases of normal disc tissues were obtained to verify the results of bioinformatics analysis. Both western blot and qPCR results were consistent with the results of bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion We identified four genes (SOX9, FLVCR1, NR5A1 and UCHL1) associated with mitochondrial dysfunction that play an important role in the progress of disc degeneration. The identification of these differential genes may provide new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of IDD.
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19
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Mitophagy—A New Target of Bone Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101420. [PMID: 36291629 PMCID: PMC9599755 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone diseases are usually caused by abnormal metabolism and death of cells in bones, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, chondrocytes, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction, as an important cause of abnormal cell metabolism, is widely involved in the occurrence and progression of multiple bone diseases, including osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, osteoporosis, and osteosarcoma. As selective mitochondrial autophagy for damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria, mitophagy is closely related to mitochondrial quality control and homeostasis. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitophagy plays an important regulatory role in bone disease, indicating that regulating the level of mitophagy may be a new strategy for bone-related diseases. Therefore, by reviewing the relevant literature in recent years, this paper reviews the potential mechanism of mitophagy in bone-related diseases, including osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, osteoporosis, and osteosarcoma, to provide a theoretical basis for the related research of mitophagy in bone diseases.
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20
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Jiang Z, Jiang C, Jin L, Chen Z, Feng Z, Jiang X, Cao Y. In vitro and in vivo effects of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus on nucleus pulposus cell senescence. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2350-2361. [PMID: 35005809 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus contributes to intervertebral disc degeneration. Nucleus pulposus cell senescence plays an important role in intervertebral disc degeneration. However, the effects of hyperglycemia on human nucleus pulposus cells and the underlying process remains poorly understood. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of high glucose levels on human nucleus pulposus cell senescence in vitro and the effects of hyperglycemia on rat nucleus pulposus aging in vivo. Human nucleus pulposus cells were cultured in high-glucose medium (200 mM glucose) for 48 h. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to evaluate human nucleus pulposus cell senescence. Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to evaluate reactive oxygen species and advanced glycation end-product levels. Transcriptome sequencing followed by bioinformatics analysis was used to understand the abnormal biological processes of nucleus pulposus cells cultured in high-glucose medium. Diabetes mellitus rat models were established and histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to examine nucleus pulposus tissue senescence in vivo. Exposure to a high glucose concentration promoted human nucleus pulposus cell senescence and increased the senescence-related secretion phenotype in human nucleus pulposus cells in vitro and in rat nucleus pulposus tissue in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis showed that hub genes were involved in nucleus pulposus cell cycle activities and cell senescence. The results suggest that appropriate blood glucose control may be key to preventing intervertebral disc degeneration in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxin Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixia Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixian Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhou Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxing Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanwu Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Lan T, Yan B, Guo W, Shen Z, Chen J. VDR promotes nucleus pulposus cell mitophagy as a protective mechanism against oxidative stress injury. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:316-327. [PMID: 35786375 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2094791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) is a common aging disease. Excessive apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells has been widely considered a main contributor to IDD. Emerging science has shown that autophagy plays a protective role against apoptosis under oxidative stress. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a steroid hormone receptor that can regulate autophagy. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether VDR alleviates IDD by promoting autophagy. H2O2 stimulation was used to establish oxidative stress conditions. Initially, the expression level of VDR in human degenerative NP tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the CRISPR-dCas9-VPR system and siRNA were utilized to upregulate or downregulate VDR and Parkin expression, respectively. Autophagic and apoptotic markers were determined by Western blotting and RT-qPCR. Transmission electron microscopy was used to monitor the occurrence of autophagy in rat NP cells. VDR expression was downregulated in human degenerative NP tissues and H2O2-stimulated rat NP cells, indicating a negative correlation between VDR expression and IDD. VDR overexpression promoted mitophagy and prevented apoptosis and mitochondrial injury under oxidative stress. Additionally, mitophagy inhibition by 3-MA abolished the protective effect of VDR activation in vitro. Furthermore, VDR activation promoted mitophagy via the PINK1/Parkin pathway in H2O2-treated NP cells. This study demonstrates that VDR activation ameliorates oxidative damage and decreases NP cell apoptosis by promoting PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy, indicating that VDR may serve as a promising therapeutic target in the management of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lan
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Weizhuang Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Jianting Chen
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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22
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Tang M, Zheng Y, Li J, Hu Y. The X box binding protein 1/C/EBP homologous protein pathway induces apoptosis of endothelial cells under hyperglycemia. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:454. [PMID: 35720621 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maoshun Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518106, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518106, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518106, P.R. China
| | - Yuanlang Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518106, P.R. China
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23
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Zhu C, Zhao Y, Pei D, Liu Z, Liu J, Li Y, Yu S, Ma L, Sun J, Li A. PINK1 mediated mitophagy attenuates early apoptosis of gingival epithelial cells induced by high glucose. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:144. [PMID: 35473620 PMCID: PMC9044577 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress mediated by hyperglycemia damages cell-reparative processes such as mitophagy. Down-regulation of mitophagy is considered to be a susceptible factor for diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. However, the role of mitophagy in DM-associated periodontitis has not been fully elucidated. Apoptosis of human gingival epithelial cells (hGECs) is one of the representative events of DM-associated periodontitis. Thus, this study aimed to investigate PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-mediated mitophagy activated in the process of high glucose (HG)-induced hGECs apoptosis. METHODS For dose-response studies, hGECs were incubated in different concentrations of glucose (5.5, 15, 25, and 50 mmol/L) for 48 h. Then, hGECs were challenged with 25 mmol/L glucose for 12 h and 48 h, respectively. Apoptosis was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), caspase 9 and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Subsequently, autophagy was evaluated by estimating P62, LC3 II mRNA levels, LC3 fluorescent puncta and LC3-II/I ratio. Meanwhile, the involvement of PINK1-mediated mitophagy was assessed by qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence. Finally, hGECs were transfected with shPINK1 and analyzed by MMP, caspase 9 and annexin V-FITC apoptosis. RESULTS The number of TUNEL-positive cells and caspase 9 protein were significantly increased in cells challenged with HG (25 mmol/L) for 48 h (HG 48 h). MMP was impaired both at HG 12 h and HG 48 h, but the degree of depolarization was more serious at HG 48 h. The autophagy improved as the amount of LC3 II increased and p62 decreased in HG 12 h. During this process, HG 12 h treatment induced PINK1-mediated mitophagy. PINK1 silencing with HG 12 h resulted in MMP depolarization and cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that loss of the PINK1 gene may cause mitochondrial dysfunction and increase sensitivity to HG-induced apoptosis of hGECs at the early stage. PINK1 mediated mitophagy attenuates early apoptosis of gingival epithelial cells induced by high glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhu
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dandan Pei
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Zhongbo Liu
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Jin Liu
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ye Li
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Shuchen Yu
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Lingyan Ma
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Junyi Sun
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Department of Special Clinic, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ang Li
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 98, Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, 710004 China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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24
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Distinctive Roles of Wnt Signaling in Chondrogenic Differentiation of BMSCs under Coupling of Pressure and Platelet-Rich Fibrin. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:823-837. [PMID: 35467329 PMCID: PMC9294129 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although newly formed constructs of feasible pressure-preadjusted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) showed biomechanical flexibility and superior capacity for cartilage regeneration, it is still not very clear how BMSCs and seed cells feel mechanical stimuli and convert them into biological signals, and the difference in signal transduction underlying mechanical and chemical cues is also unclear. METHODS To determine whether mechanical stimulation (hydrostatic pressure) and chemical cues (platelet-rich fibrin, PRF) activate canonical or noncanonical Wnt signaling in BMSCs, BMSCs cocultured with PRF were subjected to hydrostatic pressure loading, and the activation of the Wnt signaling molecules and expression of cartilage-associated proteins and genes were determined by western blotting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Inhibitors of canonical or noncanonical Wnt signaling, XVX-939 or L690,330, were adopted to investigate the role of Wnt signaling molecules in mechanically promoted chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. RESULTS Hydrostatic pressure of 120 kPa activated both Wnt/β-catenin signaling and Wnt/Ca2+ signaling, with the the maximum promotion effect at 60 min. PRF exerted no synergistic effect on Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation. However, the growth factors released by PRF might reverse the promotion effects of pressure on Wnt/Ca2+ signaling. Real-time PCR and Western blotting results showed that pressure could activate the expression of Col-II, Sox9, and aggrecan in BMSCs cocultured with PRF. Blocking experiment found a positive role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and a negative role of Wnt/Ca2+ signaling in chondrogenic differentiation of the BMSCs. Mutual inhibition exists between canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling in BMSCs under pressure. CONCLUSION Wnt signaling participates in the pressure-promoted chondrogenesis of the BMSCs co-cultured with PRF, with canonical and noncanonical pathways playing distinct roles during the process.
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25
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Zhang C, Peng X, Wang F, Xie Z, Chen L, Wu X. Update on the Correlation Between Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Intervertebral Disk Degeneration. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:257-261. [PMID: 35235409 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a common disorder in orthopedic outpatients, affecting people of all ages, and some patients may develop chronic LBP. As a complex organelle, mitochondria are not only energy workstations but also regulate cell senescence, apoptosis, and homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction promotes disk degeneration by affecting a variety of pathophysiological processes, including oxidative stress, mitophagy, mitochondrial homeostasis, cellular senescence, and cell death. We review the molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) to provide a theoretical basis for IDD treatment using pharmacological or tissue-engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Department of Spine Surgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyang Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaotao Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Zhang D, Xue J, Peng F. The regulatory activities of MALAT1 in the development of bone and cartilage diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1054827. [PMID: 36452326 PMCID: PMC9701821 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1054827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been comprehensively implicated in various cellular functions by mediating transcriptional or post-transcriptional activities. MALAT1 is involved in the differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of multiple cell lines, including BMSCs, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and chondrocytes. Interestingly, MALAT1 may interact with RNAs or proteins, regulating cellular processes. Recently, MALAT1 has been reported to be associated with the development of bone and cartilage diseases by orchestrating the signaling network. The involvement of MALAT1 in the pathological development of bone and cartilage diseases makes it available to be a potential biomarker for clinical diagnosis or prognosis. Although the potential mechanisms of MALAT1 in mediating the cellular processes of bone and cartilage diseases are still needed for further elucidation, MALAT1 shows great promise for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Xue
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Department of Pathology, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Peng,
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27
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Li S, Huang C, Xiao J, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Tian N, Wu Y, Wang X, Zhang X. The Potential Role of Cytokines in Diabetic Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1323-1335. [PMID: 36186138 PMCID: PMC9466964 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a major cause of low back pain. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic inflammatory disease that may cause or aggravate IVDD; however, the mechanism by which diabetes induce IVDD is currently unclear. Compared to non-diabetic individuals, diabetic patients have higher levels of plasma cytokines, especially TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, and IL-18. Due to the crucial role of cytokines in the process of intervertebral disc degeneration, we hypothesized that elevation of these cytokines in plasma of diabetic patients may be involved in the process of diabetes-induced IVDD. In this review, changes in plasma cytokine levels in diabetic patients were summarized and the potential role of elevated cytokines in diabetes-induced IVDD was discussed. Results showed that some cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β may accelerate the development of IVDD, while others such as IL-10 is supposed to prevent its development. Apoptosis, senescence, and extracellular matrix metabolism were found to be regulated by these cytokines in IVDD. Further studies are required to validate the cytokines targeted strategy for diabetic IVDD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunlong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chongan Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuhao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zengjie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Naifeng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yaosen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Xiaolei Zhang () or Dr. Xiangyang Wang (), Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Chinese Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Society, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Xiaolei Zhang () or Dr. Xiangyang Wang (), Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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28
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A new immunometabolic perspective of intervertebral disc degeneration. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:47-60. [PMID: 34845360 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common finding on spine imaging that increases in prevalence with age. IVD degeneration is a frequent cause of low back pain, which is a leading cause of disability. The process of IVD degeneration consists of gradual structural change accompanied by severe alterations in metabolic homeostasis. IVD degeneration, like osteoarthritis, is a common comorbidity in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, two metabolic syndrome pathological conditions in which adipokines are important promoters of low-grade inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation and fibrosis. Impairment in white adipose tissue function, due to the abnormal fat accumulation in obesity, is characterized by increased production of specific pro-inflammatory proteins such as adipokines by white adipose tissue and of cytokines such as TNF by immune cells of the stromal compartment. Investigations into the immunometabolic alterations in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and their interconnections with IVD degeneration provide insights into how adipokines might affect the pathogenesis of IVD degeneration and impair IVD function and repair. Toll-like receptor-mediated signalling has also been implicated as a promoter of the inflammatory response in the metabolic alterations associated with IVD and is thus thought to have a role in IVD degeneration. Pathological starvation, obesity and adipokine dysregulation can result in immunometabolic alterations, which could be targeted for the development of new therapeutics.
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Chilbule SK, Rajagopal K, Walter N, Dutt V, Madhuri V. Role of WNT Agonists, BMP and VEGF Antagonists in Rescuing Osteoarthritic Knee Cartilage in a Rat Model. Indian J Orthop 2022; 56:24-33. [PMID: 35070139 PMCID: PMC8748585 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-021-00434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The superficial zone of articular cartilage (AC) is vital for its function and biomechanics. The damaged AC gets vascularized and undergoes hypertrophy and ossification. Studies have highlighted these two as the major causative factors in osteoarthritis (OA). We aimed at preventing the OA progression in a rat knee instability model by inhibiting the vascular ingrowth and ossification using VEGF and BMP antagonist. A WNT agonist was also used to promote AC regeneration because of its protective effect on the superficial layer. METHODS Rat knee OA was created by surgical excision of the medial meniscus and medial collateral ligament. Forty rats were divided into two groups of twenty each for surgical control and tests (surgery + intra-articular injection of drugs every two weeks). Ten animals from each group were sacrificed at four and eight weeks. Histology was mainly used to evaluate the outcome. RESULTS A surgical OA model was successfully created with higher histological scores for operated knees, both in short- (P = 0.0001) and long-term (P = 0.001). Modified Mankin score was lesser in the test animals as compared to control (P = 0.17) in the short-term, but the trend was reversed in the long-term (P = 0.13). Subgroup analysis revealed that repeated injections in the anterolateral compartment contributed to higher scores in the lateral (P = 0.03) and anterior (P = 0.03) compartment of the knee in the long-term. CONCLUSION The combinatorial approach was effective in controlling the OA in short-term. Further studies are needed to test the sustained drug delivery system to improve the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K. Chilbule
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004 India
| | - Karthikeyan Rajagopal
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004 India
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002 India
| | - Noel Walter
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004 India
| | - Vivek Dutt
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004 India
| | - Vrisha Madhuri
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004 India
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002 India
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Feng Y, Wang H, Chen Z, Chen B. High glucose mediates the ChREBP/p300 transcriptional complex to activate proapoptotic genes Puma and BAX and contributes to intervertebral disc degeneration. Bone 2021; 153:116164. [PMID: 34461288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, the underlying mechanisms are still obscure. Here, we found that serum glucose concentrations were significantly increased in T2D-IDD patients. Detection of molecular changes indicated that two glucose transporters (GLUTs), including GLUT1 and GLUT4, were hyperactivated in these IDD patients with obesity. Using a microarray assay to detect the dysregulated genes in IDD patients with obesity, we identified 33 differentially expressed genes and verified only two proapoptotic genes, including Puma (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis) and BAX (BCL2 associated X) responded to glucose. The mechanistic investigation revealed that carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) coupled with the histone acetyltransferase p300 to bind to the promoter of Puma and BAX genes and activated their expression in the condition of high glucose. The accumulation of Puma and BAX triggered mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation, resulting in apoptosis. Moreover, we found that glucose could accelerate the occurrence of IDD in a rat model. Interestingly, we administrated two GLUT inhibitors (BAY-876 and Fasentin) in rats injected glucose and found that these two inhibitors could reverse the defects of IDD by decreasing apoptosis. Our in vitro and in vivo data support a model in which high glucose activates the ChREBP/p300 transcriptional complex to bind to the promoters of Puma and BAX, causing apoptosis and IDD pathogenesis. Our discovery suggests that the control of glucose absorption in T2D-IDD patients may decrease the outcome of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hantao Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Melatonin Suppresses Apoptosis of Nucleus Pulposus Cells through Inhibiting Autophagy via the PI3K/Akt Pathway in a High-Glucose Culture. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4604258. [PMID: 34660789 PMCID: PMC8519679 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4604258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus- (DM-) associated hyperglycemia promotes apoptosis of disc nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, which is a contributor to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Melatonin is able to protect against cell apoptosis. However, its effects on apoptosis of NP cell in a high-glucose culture remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects and molecular mechanism of melatonin on NP cell apoptosis in a high-glucose culture. NP cells were cultured in the baseline medium supplemented with a high-glucose concentration (0.2 M) for 3 days. The control cells were only cultured in the baseline medium. Additionally, the pharmaceutical inhibitor LY294002 was added along with the culture medium to investigate the possible role of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Apoptosis, autophagy, and activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway of NP cells among these groups were evaluated. Compared with the control NP cells, high glucose significantly increased cell apoptosis ratio and caspase-3/caspase-9 activity and decreased mRNA expression of Bcl-2, whereas it increased mRNA or protein expression of Bax, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, and autophagy-related molecules (Atg3, Atg5, Beclin-1, and LC3-II) and decreased protein expression of p-Akt compared with the control cells. Additionally, melatonin partly inhibited the effects of high glucose on those parameters of cell apoptosis, autophagy, and activation of PI3K/Akt. In conclusion, melatonin attenuates apoptosis of NP cells through inhibiting the excessive autophagy via the PI3K/Akt pathway in a high-glucose culture. This study provides new theoretical basis of the protective effects of melatonin against disc degeneration in a DM patient.
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Lo WC, Chang CC, Chan CH, Singh AK, Deng YH, Lin CY, Tsao W, Chien ST, Lin CH, Deng WP. Platelet-Derived Biomaterials Exert Chondroprotective and Chondroregenerative Effects on Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1054. [PMID: 34685425 PMCID: PMC8540580 DOI: 10.3390/life11101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) range from acute to chronic conditions, leading to multiorgan disorders such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. However, little is known about the influence of DM on intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Moreover, traditional surgical outcomes in DM patients have been found poor, and to date, no definitive alternative treatment exists for DM-induced IVDD. Recently, among various novel approaches in regenerative medicine, the concentrated platelet-derived biomaterials (PDB), which is comprised of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), etc., have been reported as safe, biocompatible, and efficacious alternatives for various disorders. Therefore, we initially investigated the correlations between DM and IVDD, through establishing in vitro and in vivo DM models, and further evaluated the therapeutic effects of PDB in this comorbid pathology. In vitro model was established by culturing immortalized human nucleus pulposus cells (ihNPs) in high-glucose medium, whereas in vivo DM model was developed by administering streptozotocin, nicotinamide and high-fat diet to the mice. Our results revealed that DM deteriorates both ihNPs and IVD tissues, by elevating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress, inhibiting chondrogenic markers and disc height. Contrarily, PDB ameliorated IVDD by restoring cellular growth, chondrogenic markers and disc height, possibly through suppressing ROS levels. These data imply that PDB may serve as a potential chondroprotective and chondroregenerative candidate for DM-induced IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Lo
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chao Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Chan
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (A.K.S.); (Y.-H.D.)
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (W.T.); (S.-T.C.)
| | - Abhinay Kumar Singh
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (A.K.S.); (Y.-H.D.)
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (W.T.); (S.-T.C.)
| | - Yue-Hua Deng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (A.K.S.); (Y.-H.D.)
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (W.T.); (S.-T.C.)
| | - Chia-Ying Lin
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (W.T.); (S.-T.C.)
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Wen Tsao
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (W.T.); (S.-T.C.)
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Shaw-Ting Chien
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (W.T.); (S.-T.C.)
| | - Chang-Hsien Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Win-Ping Deng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (A.K.S.); (Y.-H.D.)
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (W.T.); (S.-T.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan
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Khoo J, Hagemeyer CE, Henstridge DC, Kumble S, Wang TY, Xu R, Gani L, King T, Soh SB, Puar T, Au V, Tan E, Tay TL, Kam C, Teo EK. Effects of water stably-enriched with oxygen as a novel method of tissue oxygenation on mitochondrial function, and as adjuvant therapy for type 2 diabetes in a randomized placebo-controlled trial. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254619. [PMID: 34260650 PMCID: PMC8279347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is associated with inadequate delivery of oxygen to tissues. Cellular hypoxia is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction which increases oxidative stress and hyperglycaemia. Hyperbaric oxygenation therapy, which was shown to improve insulin sensitivity, is impractical for regular use. We evaluated the effects of water which is stably-enriched with oxygen (ELO water) to increase arterial blood oxygen levels, on mitochondrial function in the presence of normal- or high-glucose environments, and as glucose-lowering therapy in humans. METHODS We compared arterial blood oxygen levels in Sprague-Dawley rats after 7 days of ad libitum ELO or tap water consumption. Mitochondrial stress testing, and flow cytometry analysis of mitochondrial mass and membrane potential, were performed on human HepG2 cells cultured in four Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium media, made with ELO water or regular (control) water, at normal (5.5 mM) or high (25 mM) glucose concentrations. We also randomized 150 adults with type 2 diabetes (mean age 53 years, glycated haemoglobin HbA1c 8.9% [74 mmol/mol], average duration of diabetes 12 years) to drink 1.5 litres daily of bottled ELO water or drinking water. RESULTS ELO water raised arterial oxygen tension pO2 significantly (335 ± 26 vs. 188 ± 18 mmHg, p = 0.006) compared with tap water. In cells cultured in control water, mitochondrial mass and membrane potential were both significantly lower at 25 mM glucose compared with 5.5 mM glucose; in contrast, mitochondrial mass and membrane potential did not differ significantly at normal or high glucose concentrations in cells cultured in ELO water. The high-glucose environment induced a greater mitochondrial proton leak in cells cultured in ELO water compared to cells cultured in control medium at similar glucose concentration. In type 2 diabetic adults, HbA1c decreased significantly (p = 0.002) by 0.3 ± 0.7% (4 ± 8 mmol/mol), with ELO water after 12 weeks of treatment but was unchanged with placebo. CONCLUSIONS ELO water raises arterial blood oxygen levels, appears to have a protective effect on hyperglycaemia-induced reduction in mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial dysfunction, and may be effective adjuvant therapy for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Darren C. Henstridge
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Sumukh Kumble
- NanoBiotechnology Laboratory, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ting-Yi Wang
- NanoBiotechnology Laboratory, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rong Xu
- NanoBiotechnology Laboratory, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linsey Gani
- Department of Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas King
- Department of Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shui-Boon Soh
- Department of Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Troy Puar
- Department of Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Au
- Department of Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eberta Tan
- Department of Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tunn-Lin Tay
- Department of Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carmen Kam
- Clinical Trials and Research Unit, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng-Kiong Teo
- Department of Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Wang YZ, Yao-Li, Liang SK, Ding LB, Feng-Li, Guan J, Wang HJ. LncPVT1 promotes cartilage degradation in diabetic OA mice by downregulating miR-146a and activating TGF-β/SMAD4 signaling. J Bone Miner Metab 2021; 39:534-546. [PMID: 33569722 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-020-01199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate the role of LncRNA PVT1 (plasmacytoma variant translocation 1) in hyperglycemia-triggered cartilage damage using the diabetic osteoarthritis (OA) mice model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce mouse diabetes. Knee OA model was induced through transection of anterior cruciate ligament (ACLT). Severity of arthritis was assessed histologically by Safranin O-Fast Green Staining using Mankin Scores. LncRNA PVT1 and miR-146a were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in cartilage tissue. Moreover, the interaction among PVT1, miR-146a, and SMAD4 was examined by luciferase reporter assays. Mice were injected intra-articularly with ad-siRNA-PVT1 and ad-siRNA scramble control. Articular concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and TGF-β1 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of type II Collagen (COL2A1), TGF-β1, p-SMAD2, SMAD2, p-SMAD3, SMAD3, SMAD4 and nuclear SMAD4 were detected by western blot analysis. RESULTS PVT1 expression was significantly increased, whereas miR-146a was markedly decreased in diabetic OA mice than in non-diabetic OA and control. Increased PVT1 expression in diabetic OA mice was significantly associated with Mankin score and reduced miR-146a as well as Collagen alpha-1(II) (COL2A1) expressions. In vivo, intra-articular injection of ad-siRNA-PVT1 efficiently increased miR-146a and COL2A1 expressions, alleviated joint inflammation, decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, and suppressed TGF-β/SMAD4 pathway in diabetic OA mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate LncRNA PVT1 is involved in cartilage degradation in diabetic OA and correlated with disease severity. Efficiency of ad-siRNA-PVT1 in controlling joint inflammation in diabetic OA mice is associated with the suppression of the expression of miR-146a, pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of TGF-β/SMAD4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhi Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, ChangAn District, , Shijiazhuang, 050011, HeBei, China
| | - Yao-Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, ChangAn District, , Shijiazhuang, 050011, HeBei, China
| | - Sheng-Kai Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, ChangAn District, , Shijiazhuang, 050011, HeBei, China
| | - Luo-Bin Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, ChangAn District, , Shijiazhuang, 050011, HeBei, China
| | - Feng-Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, ChangAn District, , Shijiazhuang, 050011, HeBei, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, ChangAn District, , Shijiazhuang, 050011, HeBei, China.
| | - Hua-Jun Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Road West No. 613, Huang-Pu, Guangzhou, 510632, GuangDong, China.
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High-glucose environment accelerates annulus fibrosus cell apoptosis by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225217. [PMID: 32515472 PMCID: PMC7328627 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important risk factor of intervertebral disc
degeneration. However, how DM affects annulus fibrosus (AF) biology remains
unclear. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects and mechanism of
high glucose on AF cell biology. Rat AF cells were cultured in baseline medium
and culture medium with 0.2 M glucose. The inhibitor 4-PBA was added along with
the high glucose culture medium to study the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
stress in this process. Compared with the control cells, high glucose
significantly increased cell apoptosis ratio and caspase-3/9 activity,
up-regulated mRNA/protein expression of Bax and caspase-3/cleaved caspase-3, but
down-regulated mRNA/protein expression of Bcl-2. Moreover, high glucose
increased mRNA and protein expression of CHOP, ATF-6 and GRP78. However, once ER
stress was inhibited by the inhibitor 4-PBA in the high glucose group, cell
apoptosis ratio and caspase-3/9 activity were decreased, mRNA/protein expression
of Bax and caspase-3/cleaved caspase-3 was down-regulated, but mRNA/protein
expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated. In conclusion, high glucose condition can
promote AF cell apoptosis through inducing ER stress. The present study helps us
understand the mechanism of disc degeneration in DM patients.
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Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction with small molecules in intervertebral disc aging and degeneration. GeroScience 2021; 43:517-537. [PMID: 33634362 PMCID: PMC8110620 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) including osteoarthritis (OA) and low back pain (LBP) in aging societies present significant cost burdens to health and social care systems. Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, which is characterized by disc dehydration, anatomical alterations, and extensive changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, is an important contributor to LBP. IVD cell homeostasis can be disrupted by mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are the main source of energy supply in IVD cells and a major contributor to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, mitochondria represent a double-edged sword in IVD cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction results in oxidative stress, cell death, and premature cell senescence, which are all implicated in IVD degeneration. Considering the importance of optimal mitochondrial function for the preservation of IVD cell homeostasis, extensive studies have been done in recent years to evaluate the efficacy of small molecules targeting mitochondrial dysfunction. In this article, we review the pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction, aiming to highlight the role of small molecules and a selected number of biological growth factors that regulate mitochondrial function and maintain IVD cell homeostasis. Furthermore, molecules that target mitochondria and their mechanisms of action and potential for IVD regeneration are identified. Finally, we discuss mitophagy as a key mediator of many cellular events and the small molecules regulating its function.
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Yao M, Zhang J, Li Z, Bai X, Ma J, Li Y. Liraglutide Protects Nucleus Pulposus Cells Against High-Glucose Induced Apoptosis by Activating PI3K/Akt/ mTOR/Caspase-3 and PI3K/Akt/GSK3β/Caspase-3 Signaling Pathways. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:630962. [PMID: 33681258 PMCID: PMC7933515 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.630962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is reportedly a significant risk factor for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Incretin system and particularly glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) because of its glucose-lowering effects has become an important target in therapeutic strategies of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Liraglutide is a GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist with glucoregulatory and insulinotropic functions as well as regulatory functions on cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, little is known on the roles and signaling pathways of apoptosis protecting effects of liraglutide in IDD. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of liraglutide against high glucose-induced apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) and the possible involved signaling pathways. Methods: The human NPCs were incubated with 100 nM liraglutide alone or in combination with LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor), and SB216763 (GSK3β inhibitor) in a high glucose culture for 48 h. The four groups were assessed further for apoptosis and genes expressions. The apoptotic effect was evaluated by flow cytometry and further confirmed by cell death detection enzyme-linked immunoassay plus (ELISAPLUS). The gene and protein expression levels were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting techniques. The results were comparatively assessed between the four groups. Results: The results confirmed the presence of GLP-1R in the NPCs indicating that liraglutide inhibited the high glucose-induced apoptosis, which was blocked by silencing GLP-1R with siRNA. Moreover, liraglutide stimulated the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR and GSK3β. Treatment with LY294002 significantly increased the apoptosis of NPCs and reduced the levels of their downstream substrates (p-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-GSK3β). Further assessments revealed that activation of mTOR and GSK3β was almost completely inhibited by rapamycin and SB216763, respectively, which significantly increased the caspase-3 levels. Conclusion: Liraglutide could protect NPCs against high glucose-induced apoptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/caspase-3 and PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/caspase-3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoliang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Jinhui Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yukun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Molecular mechanisms of mechanical load-induced osteoarthritis. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2021; 45:1125-1136. [PMID: 33459826 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-021-04938-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mechanical loading enhances the progression of osteoarthritis. However, its molecular mechanisms have not been established. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to summarize the probable mechanisms of mechanical load-induced osteoarthritis. METHODS A comprehensive search strategy was used to search PubMed and EMBASE databases (from the 15th of January 2015 to the 20th of October 2020). Search terms included "osteoarthritis", "mechanical load", and "mechanism". RESULTS Abnormal mechanical loading activates the interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor kappa-B, Wnt, transforming growth factor-β, microRNAs pathways, and the oxidative stress pathway. These pathways induce the pathological progression of osteoarthritis. Mechanical stress signal receptors such as integrin, ion channel receptors, hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone-5, Gremlin-1, and transient receptor potential channel 4 are present in the articular cartilages. CONCLUSION This review highlights the molecular mechanisms of mechanical loading in inducing chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation. These mechanisms provide potential targets for osteoarthritis prevention and treatment.
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Target. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8880320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cytosolic organelles essential for cellular function and survival. The function of mitochondria is maintained by mitochondrial quality control systems including mitochondrial fission and fusion to adapt the altered environment and mitophagy for removal of damaged mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely involved in aging-related diseases. Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, an aging-associated process, is the major contributor to low back pain. Growing evidence has suggested that the mitochondrial function in IVD cells is severely compromised during the degenerative process of IVD, and dysfunctional mitochondria along with impaired mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy cause a series of cascade reactions that have been implicated in increased oxidative stress, senescence, matrix catabolism, and apoptosis of IVD cells, thereby contributing to the degeneration of IVD. Accordingly, therapies that target mitochondrial dysfunction and related mechanisms, such as ROS generation, mitophagy, and specific molecules and signaling, hold great promise. The present review summarizes the current state of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of IVD degeneration and potential therapeutic strategies that could be developed.
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Mahmoud M, Kokozidou M, Auffarth A, Schulze-Tanzil G. The Relationship between Diabetes Mellitus Type II and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Diabetic Rodent Models: A Systematic and Comprehensive Review. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102208. [PMID: 33003542 PMCID: PMC7600368 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of diabetic patients grows constantly worldwide. Many patients suffer simultaneously from diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) and intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), suggesting a strong link between T2DM and IVDD. T2DM rodent models provide versatile tools to study this interrelation. We hypothesized that the previously achieved studies in rodents approved it. Performing a search in the publicly available electronic databases according to our inclusion (e.g., experimental study with clearly outlined methods investigating IVDD in diabetic rodent models) and exclusion (e.g., non-experimental) criteria, we included 23 studies from 1992 to 2020 analyzing different aspects of IVDD in diabetic rodents, such as on pathogenesis (e.g., effects of hyperglycemia on IVD cells, sirtuin (SIRT)1/p53 axis in the interrelation between T2DM and IVDD), risk factors (e.g., high content of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in modern diets), therapeutical approaches (e.g., insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I)), and prophylaxis. Regarding their quality, 12 studies were classified as high, six as moderate, and five as low. One strong, 18 moderate, and three mild evidences of the link between DM and IVDD in rodents were found, while only one study has not approved this link. We concluded that T2DM has a devastating effect on IVD, particularly in advanced cases, which needs to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mahmoud
- Department of Anatomy Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany; (M.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Maria Kokozidou
- Department of Anatomy Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany; (M.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Alexander Auffarth
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
- Department of Anatomy Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany; (M.M.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-911-398-6772
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Jiang Z, Zeng Q, Li D, Ding L, Lu W, Bian M, Wu J. Long non‑coding RNA MALAT1 promotes high glucose‑induced rat cartilage endplate cell apoptosis via the p38/MAPK signalling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2220-2226. [PMID: 32323759 PMCID: PMC7115198 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) contributes to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). The long non‑coding RNA MALAT1 has been revealed to play an important role in diabetes‑associated complications. However, the specific role of MALAT1 in diabetes‑associated IDD has not been determined. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the roles of MALAT1 in the apoptosis of cartilage endplate (CEP) cells induced by high glucose and to explore the mechanisms underlying this effect. Rat CEP cells were cultured in high‑glucose medium (25 mM glucose) for 24 or 72 h. Cells cultured in medium containing 5 mM glucose were used as a control. Flow cytometry was used to detect the degree of apoptosis. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was used to measure the expression of MALAT1 mRNA. In addition, CEP cells were treated with different conditions (high glucose, high glucose + MALAT1 negative control, high glucose + MALAT1 RNAi, normal control) for 72 h. Flow cytometry was subsequently used to detect apoptosis and western blotting was used to measure the expression levels of total and phosphorylated p38. The results revealed that high glucose concentration promoted apoptosis and enhanced expression of MALAT1 in CEP cells. Furthermore, MALAT1 knockout decreased the expression levels of total and phosphorylated p38 and reduced the apoptosis of rat CEP cells. The results obtained in the present study indicated that MALAT1 may serve as an important therapeutic target for curing or delaying IDD in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxin Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fudan University Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Qingmin Zeng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fudan University Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Defang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fudan University Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fudan University Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai TCM‑Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China
| | - Mengxuan Bian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fudan University Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Jingping Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fudan University Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
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Cannata F, Vadalà G, Ambrosio L, Fallucca S, Napoli N, Papalia R, Pozzilli P, Denaro V. Intervertebral disc degeneration: A focus on obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36:e3224. [PMID: 31646738 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity (OB) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are among the most prevalent metabolic diseases. They currently affect a substantial part of the world population and are characterized by several systemic co-morbidities, including cardiovascular diseases, stroke, cancer, liver steatosis, and musculoskeletal disorders, by increasing the risk of developing osteoarthritis and intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). IVDD is a chronic, progressive process whose main features are disc dehydration, loss of disc height, and changes of load distribution across the spine, resulting in disc structure disruption and leading to low back pain onset. Given the high prevalence of these metabolic disorders and their association with IVDD, several studies have been conducted in order to investigate the causative role of biological and biomechanical characteristics proper to these conditions in the development of IVDD. This review aims to analyse the role of OB and T2D on IVDD, in order to clarify the pathophysiological drivers of the degenerative process and to delineate possible targets to which appropriate treatments may be addressed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cannata
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Vadalà
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Ambrosio
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Fallucca
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Papalia
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Kang L, Liu S, Li J, Tian Y, Xue Y, Liu X. Parkin and Nrf2 prevent oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in intervertebral endplate chondrocytes via inducing mitophagy and anti-oxidant defenses. Life Sci 2019; 243:117244. [PMID: 31891721 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Endplate chondrocyte apoptosis is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of cartilaginous endplate (CEP) degeneration that leads to the initiation and development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). In this study, we hypothesized that Parkin-mediated mitophagy and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant system played an important role in endplate chondrocyte survival under pathological conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human endplate chondrocytes were stimulated with H2O2 to mimic pathological conditions. Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry were applied to detect the indicators related to mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, Nrf2 signaling, and apoptosis. The puncture-induced rat models were established to evaluate the changes in vivo. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that H2O2 induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in endplate chondrocytes. These H2O2-induced detrimental effects were inhibited by pretreatment with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-TEMPO. In addition, mitochondrial dynamics, Parkin-mediated elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria, and Nrf2-mediated antioxidant system were promoted by H2O2. Knockdown of Parkin or Nrf2 increased H2O2-induced detrimental effects. Moreover, upregulation of Parkin and Nrf2 by polydatin protected endplate chondrocytes against H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Finally, puncture-induced rat models showed that polydatin exerted a protective effect on CEP and disc degeneration. SIGNIFICANCE Targeting Parkin and Nrf2 to improve mitochondrial homeostasis, redox balance and endplate chondrocyte survival may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jingchao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Jinghai District Hospital, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Yueyang Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Xiaozhi Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, China.
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Liraglutide inhibits the apoptosis of human nucleus pulposus cells induced by high glucose through PI3K/Akt/caspase-3 signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190109. [PMID: 31383790 PMCID: PMC6702359 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a potential etiology of disc degeneration. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is currently regarded as a powerful treatment option for type 2 diabetes. Apart from the beneficial effects on glycaemic control, GLP-1 has been reported to exert functions in a variety of tissues on modulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, little is known regarding the effects of GLP-1 on nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). In the present study, we investigated the effects of liraglutide (LIR), a long-lasting GLP-1 analogue, on apoptosis of human NPCs and the underlying mechanisms involved. We confirmed the presence of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in NPCs. Our data demonstrated that liraglutide inhibited the apoptosis of NPCs induced by high glucose (HG), as detected by Annexin V/Propidium Iodide (PI) and ELISA assays. Moreover, liraglutide down-regulated caspase-3 activity at intermediate concentration (100 nM) for maximum effect. Further analysis suggested that liraglutide suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and stimulated the phosphorylation of Akt under HG condition. Pretreatment of cells with the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 (LY) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) GLP-1R abrogated the liraglutide-induced activation of Akt and the protective effects on NPCs' apoptosis. In conclusion, liraglutide could directly protect NPCs against HG-induced apoptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress and activate the PI3K/Akt/caspase-3 signaling pathway via GLP-1R.
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High glucose promotes annulus fibrosus cell apoptosis through activating the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190853. [PMID: 31221817 PMCID: PMC6614572 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important risk factor of intervertebral disc degeneration. A high glucose niche-mediated disc cell apoptosis is an implicate causative factor for the spine degenerative diseases related with DM. However, the effects of a high glucose niche on disc annulus fibrosus (AF) cell apoptosis and the potential signaling transduction pathway is unclear. The present study is to investigate the effects of high glucose on disc AF cell apoptosis and the role of two potential signaling pathways in this process. Rat AF cells were cultured in baseline medium or medium with different concentrations (0.1 and 0.2 M) of glucose for 3 days. Flow cytometry was used to assess the degree of apoptosis. Activity of caspase 3/9 was evaluated by chemical kit. Expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic molecules was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. In addition, activity of the C-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK) pathway and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was evaluated by Western blot. Compared with the control group, high glucose culture increased cell apoptosis ratio and caspase-3/9 activity, up-regulated expression of bax, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP, and down-regulated expression of bcl-2 in a glucose concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, high glucose culture increased expression of the p-JNK and p-p38 MAPK in a concentration-dependent manner. Further results showed that inhibition of the JNK or p38 MAPK pathway attenuated the effects of high glucose on AF cell apoptosis. Together, high glucose promoted disc AF cell apoptosis through regulating the JNK pathway and p38 MAPK pathway in a glucose concentration-dependent manner.
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Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for intervertebral disc degeneration: a critical review. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2019; 28:2129-2144. [PMID: 31201565 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-019-06029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine to what extent diabetes mellitus (DM) is implicated as a distinct mechanism in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). METHODS The published clinical and laboratory data relevant to this matter are critically reviewed. A total of 12 clinical studies evaluate the association between DM and degenerative changes such as IVDD, spinal stenosis (SS) and IVD herniation. A total of 34 laboratory research papers evaluate the association between DM and IVDD. RESULTS There are 7 studies that correlate DM with IVDD, 4 of them showing that DM is a significant risk factor for degeneration, and 3 of them failing to establish any association. Three studies demonstrate significant association between DM and SS. However, 2 of these studies also include patients with IVD herniation that failed to demonstrate any correlation with DM. Two other studies indicate a significant association between DM and lumbar disc herniation. Multiple different mechanisms, acting independently or interactively, cause tissue damage leading to IVDD including: microangiopathy of the subchondral vertebral endplate, cellular senescence, cell death (through apoptosis or autophagy), hyperglycaemia, advance glycation end products, adipokines, and cytokines (through oxidative, osmotic, and inflammatory mechanisms). CONCLUSION The clinical evidence is not consistent, but weakly supports the relationship between DM and IVDD. However, the laboratory studies consistently suggest that DM interferes with multipronged aberrant molecular and biochemical pathways that provoke IVDD. Taken as a whole, the strong laboratory evidence and the weak clinical studies implicate DM as a distinct contributing factor for IVDD. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
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Osteogenic protein-1 alleviates high glucose microenvironment-caused degenerative changes in nucleus pulposus cells. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190170. [PMID: 30872412 PMCID: PMC6443954 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has indicated a close relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and disc degeneration. As a potential therapeutic growth factor, osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) has lots of protective effects on the healthy disc cell’s biology. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of OP-1 on degenerative changes of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in a high glucose culture. Rat NP cells were cultured in the baseline medium or the high glucose (0.2 M) culture medium. OP-1 was added into the high glucose culture medium to investigate whether its has some protective effects against degenerative changes of NP cells in the high glucose culture. NP cell apoptosis ratio, caspase-3/9 activity, expression of apoptosis-related molecules (Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3), matrix macromolecules (aggrecan and collagen II), and matrix remodeling enzymes (MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-4), and immuno-staining of NP matrix proteins (aggrecan and collagen II) were evaluated. Compared with the baseline culture, high glucose culture significantly increased NP cell apoptosis ratio, caspase-3/9 activity, up-regulated expression of Bax, caspase-3, MMP-3, MMP-13 and ADAMTS-4, down-regulated expression of Bcl-2, aggrecan and collagen II, and decreased staining intensity of aggrecan and collagen II. However, the results of these parameters were partly reversed by the addition of OP-1 in the high glucose culture. OP-1 can alleviate high glucose microenvironment-induced degenerative changes of NP cells. The present study provides that OP-1 may be promising in retarding disc degeneration in DM patients.
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