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Dos Santos FM, Bezerra LR, Vieira JF, Marcelino PDR, Barbosa AM, Pereira Filho JM, Arce-Cordero JA, Ribeiro CVDM, Silva TM, Oliveira RL. Fatty acid profile, physicochemical composition and carcass traits of young Nellore bulls fed Acacia mearnsii extract. Meat Sci 2024; 216:109579. [PMID: 38959639 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid profile, physicochemical composition, and carcass traits of 32 young Nellore bulls were assessed following the supplementation of Acacia mearnsii extract at levels of 0, 10, 30, and 50 g/kg of total dry matter (DM) in a completely randomized experiment with four treatments and eight replicates. Adding 50 g/kg DM of condensed tannins (CT) from Acacia mearnsii in the bulls' diet reduced DM intake, average daily gain, and meat lipid oxidation (P ≤ 0.05). The pH, centesimal composition, collagen, and meat color indexes of the longissimus muscle were not altered by the addition of Acacia mearnsii (P > 0.05). Cooling loss increased (P = 0.049) linearly. Including Acacia mearnsii in diet reduced the Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF, P = 0.018) of longissimus muscle of the bulls. The concentration of C16:0, C17:0, C24:0, t9,10,11,16-18:1, c9t11-18:2, C18:2n-6, C20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, and 22:6n-3 in the muscle increased due to the addition of Acacia in the diet (P ≤ 0.05), with the highest muscle concentrations caused by the addition of 10 to 30 g Acacia. c9-18:1 and t16-18:1 reduced linearly. ƩSFA, ƩBI, Ʃcis- and ƩMUFA, Ʃn-3, Ʃn-6, and ƩPUFA (P ≤ 0.05) quadratically increased at higher concentrations of addition of Acacia, above 30 g/kg DM. It is recommended to include Acacia mearnsii extract up to 30 g/kg total DM in diets for young bulls as it improves CLA, PUFA and TI and reduces lipid oxidation. Acacia mearnsii extract as source of CT at 50 g/kg DM negatively impacted the young bulls performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M Dos Santos
- Federal University of Bahia, Animal Science Department, 500 Adhemar de Barros Ave, Ondina, 40170110 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Leilson R Bezerra
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Animal Science Department, Universitária Av., Jatobá, 58708110 Patos, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Jusaline F Vieira
- Federal University of Bahia, Animal Science Department, 500 Adhemar de Barros Ave, Ondina, 40170110 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Polyana D R Marcelino
- Federal University of Bahia, Animal Science Department, 500 Adhemar de Barros Ave, Ondina, 40170110 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Analivia M Barbosa
- Federal University of Bahia, Animal Science Department, 500 Adhemar de Barros Ave, Ondina, 40170110 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - José M Pereira Filho
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Animal Science Department, Universitária Av., Jatobá, 58708110 Patos, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Jose A Arce-Cordero
- University of Costa Rica, Animal Sciences Department, San Jose 115012060, Costa Rica
| | - Claudio Vaz Di M Ribeiro
- Federal University of Bahia, Animal Science Department, 500 Adhemar de Barros Ave, Ondina, 40170110 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Thadeu M Silva
- Federal University of Bahia, Animal Science Department, 500 Adhemar de Barros Ave, Ondina, 40170110 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo L Oliveira
- Federal University of Bahia, Animal Science Department, 500 Adhemar de Barros Ave, Ondina, 40170110 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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Ahmed MG, Elwakeel EA, El-Zarkouny SZ, Al-Sagheer AA. Environmental impact of phytobiotic additives on greenhouse gas emission reduction, rumen fermentation manipulation, and performance in ruminants: an updated review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:37943-37962. [PMID: 38772996 PMCID: PMC11189335 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Ruminal fermentation is a natural process involving beneficial microorganisms that contribute to the production of valuable products and efficient nutrient conversion. However, it also leads to the emission of greenhouse gases, which have detrimental effects on the environment and animal productivity. Phytobiotic additives have emerged as a potential solution to these challenges, offering benefits in terms of rumen fermentation modulation, pollution reduction, and improved animal health and performance. This updated review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the specific benefits of phytobiotic additives in ruminant nutrition by summarizing existing studies. Phytobiotic additives, rich in secondary metabolites such as tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and essential oils, have demonstrated biological properties that positively influence rumen fermentation and enhance animal health and productivity. These additives contribute to environmental protection by effectively reducing nitrogen excretion and methane emissions from ruminants. Furthermore, they inhibit microbial respiration and nitrification in soil, thereby minimizing nitrous oxide emissions. In addition to their environmental impact, phytobiotic additives improve rumen manipulation, leading to increased ruminant productivity and improved quality of animal products. Their multifaceted properties, including anthelmintic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects, further contribute to the health and well-being of both animals and humans. The potential synergistic effects of combining phytobiotic additives with probiotics are also explored, highlighting the need for further research in this area. In conclusion, phytobiotic additives show great promise as sustainable and effective solutions for improving ruminant nutrition and addressing environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam G Ahmed
- Agriculture Research Center, Animal Production Research Institute, Nadi El-Said, Giza, 11622, Egypt
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Eman A Elwakeel
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Samir Z El-Zarkouny
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Adham A Al-Sagheer
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
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Ashkvari A, Rouzbehan Y, Rezaei J, Boostani A. Replacing the forage portion of the ration with triticale hay improves the performance of Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3531-3542. [PMID: 38135041 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of replacing the forage portion (alfalfa, corn silage, and barley straw) in the diet of lactating Holstein cows with triticale hay (TH, × Triticosecale L.) on DMI, digestibility, ruminal fermentation variables, estimated microbial-N synthesis (EMNS), and milk production and composition. Eight Holstein cows were used in a replicated Latin square design (two 4 × 4 squares) with four 28-d periods and 4 treatments, including a TH-free diet (control), and diets replacing 33%, 66%, and 100% of the forage portion with TH. Cows were fed ad libitum with 10% carryover during the experimental periods. Intakes and in vivo digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and ash-free neutral detergent fiber, rumen pH, ammonia-N, total and individual short-chain fatty acids, protozoa, and bacteria populations were evaluated using specific methods. Moreover, in vitro total gas and methane release and in vivo urinary purine derivatives, EMNS, milk production, and composition were measured. The results showed that TH diets lowered DMI, compared with the control. Apparent digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, and NDF increased with dietary TH inclusion. The addition of TH instead of the diet forage portion increased in vivo rumen pH; acetic, propionic, valeric, and isovaleric acids concentrations; cellulolytic bacteria number; and in vitro gas production. In vivo rumen ammonia-N, short-chain fatty acids, butyric acid, in vivo and in vitro total protozoa and Entodiniinae numbers, and in vitro methane production decreased with increasing dietary levels of TH instead of the forage portion. The dietary addition of TH did not affect milk yield, protein, and lactose, but increased fat-corrected milk, milk fat, fat-corrected milk:DMI ratio, and milk yield:DMI ratio. Milk urea N decreased, but urinary purine derivatives excretion and EMNS increased with increasing levels of TH in the diet. For variables with significant changes, except for isovaleric acid, there was a linear response of animals to increasing levels of TH in the diet. Results suggest that TH, which is grown with less water compared with alfalfa, corn forage, and straw, is a potential alternative to those forages by increasing milk production efficiency, milk fat, and decreasing methane emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ashkvari
- Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 1497713111, Iran
| | - Y Rouzbehan
- Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 1497713111, Iran.
| | - J Rezaei
- Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 1497713111, Iran
| | - A Boostani
- Department of Animal Science Research, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, 7384119931, Iran
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Musati M, Frutos P, Bertino A, Hervás G, Luciano G, Forte C, Priolo A, Lanza M, Bella M, Biondi L, Natalello A. Dietary combination of linseed and hazelnut skin as a sustainable strategy to enrich lamb with health promoting fatty acids. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10133. [PMID: 38698104 PMCID: PMC11066009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of the inclusion of extruded linseed and hazelnut skin on fatty acid (FA) metabolism in finishing lambs. Forty lambs were divided into 4 groups and fed for 60 d with: a conventional cereal-based diet, or the same diet with 8% of extruded linseed, or 15% of hazelnut skin, or 4% of linseed plus 7.5% of hazelnut skin as partial replacement of maize. Dietary treatments did not affect growth performances, carcass traits, and ruminal fermentation. The combined effect of linseed and hazelnut skin enriched the intramuscular fat with health promoting FA. Particularly, increases in α-linolenic acid (3.75-fold), and very long-chain n-3 poly-unsaturated FA (+ 40%) were attributed to the supplementation with linseed, rich in α-linolenic acid. In addition, increases in rumenic (+ 33%), and vaccenic (+ 59%) acids were attributed to hazelnut skin tannins modulating ruminal biohydrogenation and accumulating intermediate metabolites. The simultaneous inclusion of linseed and hazelnut skin can be a profitable strategy for enriching the intramuscular fat of lambs with health promoting FA, without adverse effects on ruminal fermentation and animal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martino Musati
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Pilar Frutos
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346, Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - Antonino Bertino
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Gonzalo Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346, Grulleros, León, Spain.
| | - Giuseppe Luciano
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Forte
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Alessandro Priolo
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Lanza
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Bella
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Luisa Biondi
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Natalello
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
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Pokhrel B, Jiang H. Postnatal Growth and Development of the Rumen: Integrating Physiological and Molecular Insights. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:269. [PMID: 38666881 PMCID: PMC11048093 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The rumen plays an essential role in the physiology and production of agriculturally important ruminants such as cattle. Functions of the rumen include fermentation, absorption, metabolism, and protection. Cattle are, however, not born with a functional rumen, and the rumen undergoes considerable changes in size, histology, physiology, and transcriptome from birth to adulthood. In this review, we discuss these changes in detail, the factors that affect these changes, and the potential molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate these changes. The introduction of solid feed to the rumen is essential for rumen growth and functional development in post-weaning calves. Increasing evidence suggests that solid feed stimulates rumen growth and functional development through butyric acid and other volatile fatty acids (VFAs) produced by microbial fermentation of feed in the rumen and that VFAs stimulate rumen growth and functional development through hormones such as insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) or through direct actions on energy production, chromatin modification, and gene expression. Given the role of the rumen in ruminant physiology and performance, it is important to further study the cellular, molecular, genomic, and epigenomic mechanisms that control rumen growth and development in postnatal ruminants. A better understanding of these mechanisms could lead to the development of novel strategies to enhance the growth and development of the rumen and thereby the productivity and health of cattle and other agriculturally important ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Honglin Jiang
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
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Pepeta BN, Hassen A, Tesfamariam EH. Quantifying the Impact of Different Dietary Rumen Modulating Strategies on Enteric Methane Emission and Productivity in Ruminant Livestock: A Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:763. [PMID: 38473148 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A meta-analysis was conducted with an aim to quantify the beneficial effects of nine different dietary rumen modulating strategies which includes: the use of plant-based bioactive compounds (saponin, tannins, oils, and ether extract), feed additives (nitrate, biochar, seaweed, and 3-nitroxy propanol), and diet manipulation (concentrate feeding) on rumen fermentation, enteric methane (CH4) production (g/day), CH4 yield (g/kg dry matter intake) and CH4 emission intensity (g/kg meat or milk), and production performance parameters (the average daily gain, milk yield and milk quality) of ruminant livestock. The dataset was constructed by compiling global data from 110 refereed publications on in vivo studies conducted in ruminants from 2005 to 2023 and anlayzed using a meta-analytical approach.. Of these dietary rumen manipulation strategies, saponin and biochar reduced CH4 production on average by 21%. Equally, CH4 yield was reduced by 15% on average in response to nitrate, oils, and 3-nitroxy propanol (3-NOP). In dairy ruminants, nitrate, oils, and 3-NOP reduced the intensity of CH4 emission (CH4 in g/kg milk) on average by 28.7%. Tannins and 3-NOP increased on average ruminal propionate and butyrate while reducing the acetate:propionate (A:P) ratio by 12%, 13.5% and 13%, respectively. Oils increased propionate by 2% while reducing butyrate and the A:P ratio by 2.9% and 3.8%, respectively. Use of 3-NOP increased the production of milk fat (g/kg DMI) by 15% whereas oils improved the yield of milk fat and protein (kg/d) by 16% and 20%, respectively. On the other hand, concentrate feeding improved dry matter intake and milk yield (g/kg DMI) by 23.4% and 19%, respectively. However, feed efficiency was not affected by any of the dietary rumen modulating strategies. Generally, the use of nitrate, saponin, oils, biochar and 3-NOP were effective as CH4 mitigating strategies, and specifically oils and 3-NOP provided a co-benefit of improving production parameters in ruminant livestock. Equally concentrate feeding improved production parameters in ruminant livestock without any significant effect on enteric methane emission. Therefore, it is advisable to refine further these strategies through life cycle assessment or modelling approaches to accurately capture their influence on farm-scale production, profitability and net greenhouse gas emissions. The adoption of the most viable, region-specific strategies should be based on factors such as the availability and cost of the strategy in the region, the specific goals to be achieved, and the cost-benefit ratio associated with implementing these strategies in ruminant livestock production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulelani N Pepeta
- Department of Animal Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Abubeker Hassen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Eyob H Tesfamariam
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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Niu X, Xing Y, Wang J, Bai L, Xie Y, Zhu S, Sun M, Yang J, Li D, Liu Y. Effects of Caragana korshinskii tannin on fermentation, methane emission, community of methanogens, and metabolome of rumen in sheep. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1334045. [PMID: 38426060 PMCID: PMC10902071 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1334045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of dietary supplementation of Caragana korshinskii tannin (CKT) on rumen fermentation, methane emission, methanogen community and metabolome in rumen of sheep. A total of 15 crossbred sheep of the Dumont breed with similar body conditions, were divided into three groups (n = 5), which were fed with CKT addition at 0, 2 and 4%/kg DM. The study spanned a total of 74 days, with a 14-day period dedicated to adaptation and a subsequent 60-day period for conducting treatments. The results indicated that the levels of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and acetate were reduced (p < 0.05) in rumen sheep fed with 2 and 4% CKT; The crude protein (CP) digestibility of sheep in 2 and 4% CKT groups was decreased(p < 0.05); while the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was increased (p < 0.05) in 4% CKT group. Furthermore, the supplementation of CKT resulted in a decrease (p < 0.05) in daily CH4 emissions from sheep by reducing the richness and diversity of ruminal methanogens community, meanwhile decreasing (p < 0.05) concentrations of tyramine that contribute to methane synthesis and increasing (p < 0.05) concentrations of N-methy-L-glutamic acid that do not contribute to CH4 synthesis. However, CH4 production of DMI, OMI, NDFI and metabolic weight did not differ significantly across the various treatments. To sum up, the addition of 4% CKT appeared to be a viable approach for reducing CH4 emissions from sheep without no negative effects. These findings suggest that CKT hold promise in mitigating methane emissions of ruminant. Further investigation is required to evaluate it effectiveness in practical feeding strategies for livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Niu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuanyaun Xing
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jingyao Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lili Bai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongfang Xie
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shouqian Zhu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Dabiao Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Lata S, Koli P, Singh S, Bhadoria BK, Chand U, Yadav DK, Al-Shuwaili T, Ren Y. Proanthocyanidins isolated from the leaves of Ficus glomerata evaluated on the activities of rumen enzymes: in vitro and in silico studies. Front Chem 2024; 12:1359049. [PMID: 38380397 PMCID: PMC10877006 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1359049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Two new proanthocyanidins (2S:3S)-(-)-epicatechin-(4α→8)4-(2R:3R)-(+)-catechin (Compound 1) and (2R, 3R)-3-O-galloyl-(+)-catechin (4β→8)3-(2R, 3R)-3-O-galloyl-(+)-catechin (Compound 2) were isolated from Ficus glomerata and characterized by ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), 13C NMR, and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation . The bioactivity and drug scores of isolated compounds were predicted using OSIRIS property explorer applications with drug scores of 0.03 (compound 1) and 0.05 (compound 2). Predictive drug scores provided an indication of the compounds' potential to demonstrate desired biological effects. Furthermore, the newly discovered proanthocyanidins tended to interact with protein due to their chemical structure and molecular conformation. With the aim of maintaining this focus, compounds 1 and 2 were subjected to in vitro testing against ruminal enzymes to further explore their potential impact. Both compounds showed significant inhibition activities (p < 0.01) against glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in both protozoa and bacterial fractions, with an effective concentration (EC50) of 12.30-18.20 mg/mL. The compounds also exhibited significant inhibition (p < 0.01) of ruminal glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity, with EC50 values ranging from 9.77 to 17.38 mg/mL. Furthermore, the inhibition was recorded in R-cellulase between EC50 values of 15.85 and 23.99 mg/mL by both compounds. Additionally, both compounds led to a decrease in protease activity with increasing incubation time and concentration. In conclusion, the results indicate that these novel proanthocyanidins hold the potential to significantly impact rumen enzyme biology. Furthermore, their promising effects suggest that they could be further explored for drug development and other important applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Lata
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - Pushpendra Koli
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
- College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Sultan Singh
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | | | - Umesh Chand
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | | | | | - Yonglin Ren
- College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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Long Y, Xiao W, Zhao Y, Yuan C, Wang D, Yang Y, Su C, Paengkoum P, Han Y. Effects of Flammulina velutipes mushroom residues on growth performance, apparent digestibility, serum biochemical indicators, rumen fermentation and microbial of Guizhou black goat. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1347853. [PMID: 38328420 PMCID: PMC10848151 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1347853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The primary objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of Flammulina velutipes mushroom residue (FVMR) in a fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) diet on the fattening effect and rumen microorganisms in Guizhou black male goats. Methods A total of 22 Guizhou black male goats were allocated into two groups using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) experimental design. The average initial weight was 22.41 ± 0.90 kg and with 11 goats in each group. The control group (group I) was fed the traditional fermentation total mixed ration (FTMR) diet without FVMR. Group II was fed the 30% FVMR in the FTMR diet. Results The results showed that compared with group I, the addition of FVMR in the goat diet could reduce the feed cost and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of group II (p < 0.01). Notably, the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and dry matter (DM) were higher in group II (p < 0.01). The levels of growth hormone (GH), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in group II were higher than that of group I (p < 0.01), which the level of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (ALT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was noticeably lower than that of group I (p < 0.01). 30% FVMR in FTMR diets had no effect on rumen fermentation parameters and microbial composition at the phylum level of Guizhou black male goats (p > 0.05). However, at the genus level, the relative abundance of bacteroidal_bs11_gut_group, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Desulfovibrio in group II was lower than in group I (p < 0.05), and the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group was higher than in group I (p < 0.01). Discussion In conclusion, the results of the current study indicated that 30% FVMR in the FTMR diet improves rumen fermentation and rumen microbial composition in Guizhou black male goats, which improves growth performance, apparent digestibility, and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Long
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Wen Xiao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yanpin Zhao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Defeng Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Chaozhi Su
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Pramote Paengkoum
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Yong Han
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
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10
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Barbosa CR, Pantoja JC, Fernandes T, Chagas RA, Souza CG, Santos ARD, Alves JP, Vargas Junior FM. Ruminal modulator additive effect of Stryphnodendron rotundifolium bark in feedlot lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:53. [PMID: 38261014 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the inclusion effects of Stryphnodendron rotundifolium (barbatimão) extracts in substitution of the lasalocid sodium on the ingestive behaviour, intake, ruminal parameters, and digestibility of feedlot lambs. Twenty-four pantaneiro lambs were used, with an average age of 150 ± 4.59 days and an initial body weight of 21.2 ± 3.63 kg. The lambs were distributed in three treatments in an experimental design with randomized blocks. The treatments correspond to the additive supplements: LAS (0.019 g of lasalocid sodium/lamb/d); DGB (1.50 g of barbatimão dried ground bark/lamb/d); DHE (0.30 g of barbatimão dry hydroalcoholic extract/lamb/d). The DHE increased 59.74 min in the time spent for ingestion per day, resulting in an efficiency reduction of dry matter (DM) ingestion (127 g of DM/h of feed). There was a reduction of 1.8 mg/dL in the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration with extract supplementation compared to LAS. The DGB reduced total volatile fatty acids by 48.9% compared to the control treatment. The inclusion of barbatimão extracts (DGB and DHE) reduced 12.05% of ruminal butyrate content. The supplementation of barbatimão extracts replacing lasalocid sodium in the diet of feedlot lambs did not affect intake and caused small changes on ingestive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane R Barbosa
- Agrarian Sciences Department, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Jéssica C Pantoja
- Agrarian Sciences Department, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Fernandes
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, 24061, USA
| | - Renata A Chagas
- Agrarian Sciences Department, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Carla G Souza
- Agrarian Sciences Department, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Aylpy R D Santos
- Agrarian Sciences Department, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Joyce P Alves
- Agrarian Sciences Department, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Vargas Junior
- Agrarian Sciences Department, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, 79804-970, Brazil.
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11
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He J, Tian D, Li X, Wang X, Wang T, Wang Z, Zang H, He X, Zhang T, Yun Q, Zhang R, Jiang J, Jia S, Zhang Y. A chromosome-level genome assembly for Onobrychis viciifolia reveals gene copy number gain underlying enhanced proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. Commun Biol 2024; 7:19. [PMID: 38182881 PMCID: PMC10770414 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia), which belongs to subfamily Papilionoideae of Leguminosae, is a vital perennial forage known as "holy hay" due to its high contents of crude proteins and proanthocyanidins (PAs, also called condensed tannins) that have various pharmacological properties in animal feed, such as alleviating rumen tympanic disease in ruminants. In this study, we select an autotetraploid common sainfoin (2n = 4x = 28) and report its high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly with 28 pseudochromosomes and four haplotypes (~1950.14 Mb, contig N50 = 10.91 Mb). The copy numbers of genes involved in PA biosynthesis in sainfoin are significantly greater than those in four selected Fabales species, namely, autotetraploid Medicago sativa and three other diploid species, Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula, and Glycine max. Furthermore, gene expansion is confirmed to be the key contributor to the increased expression of these genes and subsequent PA enhancement in sainfoin. Transcriptomic analyses reveal that the expression of genes involved in the PA biosynthesis pathway is significantly increased in the lines with high PA content compared to the lines with medium and low PA content. The sainfoin genome assembly will improve our understanding of leguminous genome evolution and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in sainfoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi He
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Danyang Tian
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemeng Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyao Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofan He
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Quanzheng Yun
- Department of Bioinformatics, Ori (Shandong) Gene Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Weifang, 261322, China
| | - Rengang Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Ori (Shandong) Gene Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Weifang, 261322, China
| | - Jishan Jiang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Shangang Jia
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.
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12
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Sheoran S, Dey A, Sindhu S. Reduction of methane and nitrogen emission and improvement of feed efficiency, rumen fermentation, and milk production through strategic supplementation of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora) leaf meal in the diet of lactating buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:125510-125525. [PMID: 37999845 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Buffalo plays a compelling role in reducing malnutrition and ensuring food to the people of Asian countries by its major contribution to milk and meat pool of the livestock agriculture farming system in the region. As Asia is the home for more than 90% of world buffalo population, they are also one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gasses. Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp.) leaves are rich sources of naturally occurring essential oils and phenolic compounds, which could modulate rumen fermentation through mitigation of methanogenesis and nitrogen excretion along with stimulation of immune system and production performances of animals. Therefore, the present study investigated the impact of dietary inclusion of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora) leaf meal (ELM) on voluntary feed intake, rumen functions, methane emission, nutrient utilization, milk yield and fatty acids profile, and immune response in lactating buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). An in vitro experiment conducted with graded dose (10-40 g/kg) inclusion of ELM into the total mixed ration to select ideal level for feeding to lactating buffaloes, an improvement (P < 0.05) in feed degradability (IVDMD), microbial biomass and ruminal volatile fatty acids concentration with reduced (P < 0.05) methane and ammonia-N production were evidenced when ELM was added at 10-20 g/kg DM, beyond which negative effects on rumen fermentation were pronounced. An in vivo experimentation was conducted with sixteen Murrah (Bubalus bubalis) buffaloes of mean live weight, 544.23 ± 10.02 kg; parity, 2-4 at initial stage (~60 days) of lactation with average milk yield of 11.43 ± 1.32 kg and were divided into two groups (CON, ELM) of eight each in a completely randomized design. All the animals were kept individually on wheat straw-based diet with required quantity of concentrate mixture and green fodder. The control group buffaloes were fed a total mixed ration; however, the treatment group (ELM) was supplemented with 10 g/kg DM diet of dry grounded eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora) leaves by mixing with the concentrate mixture. The feeding experiment was conducted for 120 days, including 15 days for adaptation to the experimental diets and 105 days for data recording. The nutrient digestibility (DM, OM, CP, and EE) was improved (P < 0.05) without affecting feed intake (P > 0.05) and fiber digestibility (NDF and ADF) in ELM supplemented buffaloes. Increased (P < 0.05) milk production and rumenic acid concentration (cis 9 trans 11 C18:2 CLA) were demonstrated with comparable (P > 0.05) milk composition and major fatty acids profile of milk in the supplemented buffaloes. Dietary inclusion of ELM reduced (P < 0.05) enteric methane production and fecal excretion of nitrogen. The health status of buffaloes fed ELM improved throughout the experimental period was improved by enhancing cell mediated (P = 0.09) and humoral (P < 0.01) immune responses without affecting (P > 0.05) major blood metabolites. The study described feeding ELM at 10 g/kg diet to lactating Murrah buffaloes as a natural source of phenols and essential oils to increase milk production and CLA content, reduce methane and nitrogen emissions, and improve health status. Thus, feeding of ELM could be beneficial for climate smart buffalo production system for enhancing milk production with lesser impact on environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sheoran
- Division of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Avijit Dey
- Division of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India.
| | - Sonia Sindhu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
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13
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Alayón-Gamboa JA, Albores-Moreno S, Jiménez-Ferrer G, Alarcón-Zúñiga B, Miranda-Romero LA, Pérez-Luna EJ, Canul-Solís J. Tropical tree foliage supplementation in ruminants improves rumen fermentation and the bacterial profile and decreases methane production. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4510-4522. [PMID: 36639141 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2165935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The main of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of tropical tree foliage in ruminant diets on the in vitro fermentation, bacterial population, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and enteric CH4 production. Seven experimental diets were evaluated: a control treatment of Pennisetum purpureum (T7) and six treatments of P. purpureum supplemented (30%) with the foliage of Neomillspaughia emargiata (T1), Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia (T2), Caesalpinia gaumeri (T3), Piscidia piscipula (T4), Leucaena leucocephala (T5), and Havardia albicans (T6). The T2, T7, and T5 treatments had the highest (p < 0.05) digestibility of dry matter. Overall, supplementation increased (p < 0.05) the concentrations of propionic and butyric acid and decreased acetic acid. Methanogenic bacteria decreased (p < 0.05) in T1, T2, T5, and T6. Ruminococcus albus decreased in T1, T2, T3, and T5 and Selenomonas ruminiantum increased in T3. Fibrobacter succinogenes increased, except in T5. Methane production decreased (p < 0.05) in T1, T4, T5, and T6. The supplementation with Leucaena leucocephala, Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia, Neomillspaughia emargiata, Piscidia piscipula, Havardia albicans, and Caesalpinia gaumeri is a potential alternative nutritional strategy for ruminants that results in positive changes in VFAs profile, a decrease on CH4 production and methanogenic bacteria, and changes on fibrolytic and non-fibrolytic bacteria composition.HIGHLIGHTSTropical tree foliage supplementation increased propionic and butyric acid and decreased acetic acid concentrations.Fibrolytic, non-fibrolytic, and Methanogenic bacteria were selectively modulated with the supplementation of tropical tree foliage.The enteric methane (CH4) production decreased with the supplementation of tree foliage.The supplementation of Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia and Leucaena leucocephala had the highest digestibility and is a potential alternative nutritional strategy for ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - B Alarcón-Zúñiga
- Graduate Department of Animal Production, Autonomous University of Chapingo, Chapingo, Mexico
| | - L A Miranda-Romero
- Graduate Department of Animal Production, Autonomous University of Chapingo, Chapingo, Mexico
| | - E J Pérez-Luna
- Faculty of Agronomic Sciences C-V, Autonomous University of Chiapas, Villaflores, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - J Canul-Solís
- National Technological Institute of Mexico, Technological Institute of Tizimín, Tizimín, Mexico
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14
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Munguía-Ameca G, Ortega-Cerrilla ME, Herrera-Haro JG, Bárcena-Gama R, Nava-Cuéllar C, Zetina-Córdoba P. Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation, In Vivo Digestibility, and Meat Quality of Pelibuey Lambs Fed a Diet with Ensiled Coffee Pulp. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3462. [PMID: 38003080 PMCID: PMC10668683 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee pulp has been included in ruminant diets; but until now, little has been known about how the addition of ensiled coffee pulp (ECP) affects the growth performance of lambs. This study explores the diet's antioxidant capacity, tannins, and caffeine concentration and its effect on water intake, growth performance, rumen variables, in vivo digestibility, nitrogen balance, and carcass and meat characteristics of lambs fed ECP. Thirty-six male Pelibuey lambs were distributed randomly to one of three treatments (n = 12): without ECP0; diet with 10% ECP10, and diet with 20% ECP20. The diets' antioxidant capacity, tannins, and caffeine concentration were similar (p > 0.05) for all treatments. The diets' antioxidant compounds and the blood serum's antioxidant capacity were affected (p < 0.05). Dry matter and water intake, body-weight gain, and feed conversion were not significant (p > 0.05). No differences (p > 0.05) were found in the rumen variables or the nitrogen balance. However, the in vivo digestibility of crude protein was affected (p < 0.05). Carcass and meat quality were not affected (p > 0.05) by the inclusion of ECP, except temperature and redness (a*) at seven days of storage, respectively. Including up to 20% of ECP in the diet of lambs did not affect the growth performance, rumen variables, or nitrogen balance; however, the antioxidant compounds of the diets, the antioxidant capacity in blood serum, and the in vivo digestibility of crude protein were different. There was an increase in the redness (a*) and lower temperature in the Longissimus dorsi muscle, keeping lightness (L*), yellowness (b*), water-holding capacity, and texture at seven storage days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Munguía-Ameca
- Programa de Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Ganadería, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Montecillo 56230, Estado de México, Mexico; (G.M.-A.); (J.G.H.-H.); (R.B.-G.)
| | - María Esther Ortega-Cerrilla
- Programa de Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Ganadería, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Montecillo 56230, Estado de México, Mexico; (G.M.-A.); (J.G.H.-H.); (R.B.-G.)
| | - José Guadalupe Herrera-Haro
- Programa de Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Ganadería, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Montecillo 56230, Estado de México, Mexico; (G.M.-A.); (J.G.H.-H.); (R.B.-G.)
| | - Ricardo Bárcena-Gama
- Programa de Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Ganadería, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Montecillo 56230, Estado de México, Mexico; (G.M.-A.); (J.G.H.-H.); (R.B.-G.)
| | - Cuauhtémoc Nava-Cuéllar
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Pedro Zetina-Córdoba
- Programa de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Politécnica de Huatusco, Huatusco de Chicuéllar 94100, Veracruz, Mexico
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15
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Zhao Y, Liu M, Jiang L, Guan L. Could natural phytochemicals be used to reduce nitrogen excretion and excreta-derived N 2O emissions from ruminants? J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:140. [PMID: 37941085 PMCID: PMC10634152 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminants play a critical role in our food system by converting plant biomass that humans cannot or choose not to consume into edible high-quality food. However, ruminant excreta is a significant source of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas with a long-term global warming potential 298 times that of carbon dioxide. Natural phytochemicals or forages containing phytochemicals have shown the potential to improve the efficiency of nitrogen (N) utilization and decrease N2O emissions from the excreta of ruminants. Dietary inclusion of tannins can shift more of the excreted N to the feces, alter the urinary N composition and consequently reduce N2O emissions from excreta. Essential oils or saponins could inhibit rumen ammonia production and decrease urinary N excretion. In grazed pastures, large amounts of glucosinolates or aucubin can be introduced into pasture soils when animals consume plants rich in these compounds and then excrete them or their metabolites in the urine or feces. If inhibitory compounds are excreted in the urine, they would be directly applied to the urine patch to reduce nitrification and subsequent N2O emissions. The phytochemicals' role in sustainable ruminant production is undeniable, but much uncertainty remains. Inconsistency, transient effects, and adverse effects limit the effectiveness of these phytochemicals for reducing N losses. In this review, we will identify some current phytochemicals found in feed that have the potential to manipulate ruminant N excretion or mitigate N2O production and deliberate the challenges and opportunities associated with using phytochemicals or forages rich in phytochemicals as dietary strategies for reducing N excretion and excreta-derived N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Leluo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
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16
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Battelli M, Nielsen MO, Nørskov NP. Dose- and substrate-dependent reduction of enteric methane and ammonia by natural additives in vitro. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1302346. [PMID: 38026671 PMCID: PMC10657808 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1302346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminants contribute to global warming by emitting greenhouse gasses, particularly methane (CH4) which is a product of rumen fermentation. The use of feed additives able to modulate rumen fermentation is a promising strategy to reduce enteric CH4 and ammonia (NH3) emissions. Among the various strategies investigated, plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) have attracted attention due to their apparent potential to reduce enteric CH4 and NH3 emissions, and it would be possible to use such compounds as feed additives in organic production systems. In an in vitro system simulating rumen fermentation, we have tested the impact of different classes of naturally occurring PSMs; catechin and quercetin (flavonoids), salicylic acid (phenolic acid) and tannic acid (hydrolysable tannin). The PSMs were added to two different basal feeds (maize and grass silages) at three inclusion doses 1.5, 3 and 6% of the feed dry matter (DM). CH4 production was significantly lowered upon addition of quercetin to two basal feeds at doses of 3 and 6%, and this without changes in concentrations of total volatile fatty acid (VFA) produced during fermentation. Quercetin, as the only tested additive, reduced CH4 production, and when added to maize silage and grass silage, the reduction increased linearly with increasing dose, ie., by 51 and 43%, respectively, at a dose of 3% of feed DM and by 86 and 58%, respectively, at a dose of 6% of feed DM. Moreover, quercetin significantly reduced NH3 concentration by >12% at doses of 3 and 6% in feed DM irrespective of the basal feed used as compared to when the basal feeds were incubated alone. Although none of the other additives affected CH4 formation, several additives had significant impacts on concentrations of NH3 and VFAs in the incubated fluid after fermentation. This study demonstrated a dose-dependent ability of quercetin to reduce CH4 emission from rumen fermentation, however, the magnitude of the suppression of CH4 depended on the basal feed. Furthermore, quercetin reduced NH3 concentration irrespective of the basal feed type. These findings encourage to in vivo studies to verify whether quercetin can reduce CH4 emission also in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Battelli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mette Olaf Nielsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg – Research Center Foulum, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Natalja P. Nørskov
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg – Research Center Foulum, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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17
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Abd El-Hack ME, de Oliveira MC, Attia YA, Kamal M, Almohmadi NH, Youssef IM, Khalifa NE, Moustafa M, Al-Shehri M, Taha AE. The efficacy of polyphenols as an antioxidant agent: An updated review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126525. [PMID: 37633567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Global production of the two major poultry products, meat and eggs, has increased quickly. This, in turn, indicates both the relatively low cost and the customers' desire for these secure and high-quality products. Natural feed additives have become increasingly popular to preserve and enhance the health and productivity of poultry and livestock. We consume a lot of polyphenols, which are a kind of micronutrient. These are phytochemicals with positive effects on cardiovascular, cognitive, anti-inflammatory, detoxifying, anti-tumor, anti-pathogen, a catalyst for growth, and immunomodulating functions, among extra health advantages. Furthermore, high quantities of polyphenols have unknown and occasionally unfavorable impacts on the digestive tract health, nutrient assimilation, the activity of digestive enzymes, vitamin and mineral assimilation, the performance of the laying hens, and the quality of the eggs. This review clarifies the numerous sources, categories, biological functions, potential limitations on usage, and effects of polyphenols on poultry performance, egg composition, exterior and interior quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | | | - Youssef A Attia
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damnahur University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Kamal
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Najlaa H Almohmadi
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O Box 715, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Islam M Youssef
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Norhan E Khalifa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh 51511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Shehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22578, Egypt
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18
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Pelegrin-Valls J, Álvarez-Rodríguez J, Martín-Alonso MJ, Aquilué B, Serrano-Pérez B. Impact of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) pulp inclusion and warm season on gastrointestinal morphological parameters, immune-redox defences and coccidiosis in concentrate-fed light lambs. Res Vet Sci 2023; 163:104969. [PMID: 37639805 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.104969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) pulp and warm season on gastrointestinal morphological parameters, immune-redox defences and coccidiosis in concentrate-fed light lambs. Weaned lambs were assigned to one of three concentrate-based diets: C0 (without carob pulp), C15 (150 g/kg of carob pulp) and C30 (300 g/kg of carob pulp) from 40 to 80 days of age in two consecutive cold and warm batches. Blood samples were collected at Day 80 to determine the metabolic status. Rectal faeces were sampled at Days 50, 65 and 80 to determine consistency and oocyst count per gram. Inclusion of carob pulp in lamb diets did not affect lamb growth but reduced coccidia oocyst excretion, improved faecal consistency and gastrointestinal morphological parameters, enhancing the ruminal thickness of the papilla living strata and reducing the darkness of the epithelium colour. Moreover, carob condensed tannins in the lambs' diet enhanced the expression of antioxidant SOD2 in rumen, while down-regulated NRF2, SOD1, CAT and PPARG in ileum. There was no interaction between the treatments and season in the evaluated variables. Lambs from the warm season exhibited reduced growth performance, altered ruminal epithelium, lower circulating iron levels, increased protein concentrations and higher coccidiosis susceptibility. In addition, regulatory immune and antioxidant mechanisms to counterbalance reactive oxygen species production in gastrointestinal tissues were evident. Dietary inclusion of carob pulp (150 and 300 g/kg) in lamb diets improved gastrointestinal health and homeostasis but did not ameliorate the deleterious effects of warm season.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Beatriz Aquilué
- Department of Animal Science, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Beatriz Serrano-Pérez
- Department of Animal Science, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain; AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Lleida 25198, Spain.
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19
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Nørskov NP, Battelli M, Curtasu MV, Olijhoek DW, Chassé É, Nielsen MO. Methane reduction by quercetin, tannic and salicylic acids: influence of molecular structures on methane formation and fermentation in vitro. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16023. [PMID: 37749362 PMCID: PMC10519955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43041-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) can potentially reduce ruminal methane formation. However, related to differences in their molecular structures, it is not yet clear what causes an anti-methanogenic effect. In an in vitro system simulating rumen fermentation, we investigated the impact of eight compounds with distinct chemical characteristics (gallic and salicylic acids, tannic acid, catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, rutin, and salicin) when added to a basal feed (maize silage) at a concentration of 12% of the feed dry matter. After 48 h of incubation in buffered rumen fluid, methane production was significantly lowered by quercetin (43%), tannic acid (39%) and salicylic acid (34%) compared to the control (maize silage alone) and without changes in total volatile fatty acid production during fermentation. No other PSM reduced methane formation as compared to control but induced significant differences on total volatile fatty acid production. The observed differences were related to lipophilicity, the presence of double bond and carbonyl group, sugar moieties, and polymerization of the compounds. Our results indicate the importance of distinct molecular structures of PSMs and chemical characteristics for methane lowering properties and volatile fatty acid formation. Further systematic screening studies to establish the structure-function relationship between PSMs and methane reduction are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalja P Nørskov
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Marco Battelli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Mihai V Curtasu
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Dana W Olijhoek
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Élisabeth Chassé
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Mette Olaf Nielsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
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20
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Huang Q, Chen Y, Wang X, Wei Y, Pan M, Zhao G. Effects of Phlorotannins from Sargassum on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation, Microbiota and Fatty Acid Profile. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2854. [PMID: 37760253 PMCID: PMC10525790 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid profiles of ruminant-derived products are closely associated with human health. Ruminal microbiota play a vital role in modulating rumen biohydrogenation (BH). The aim of this study was to assess the influence of dietary supplementation with phlorotannins (PTs) extracted from Sargassum on rumen fermentation, fatty acid composition and bacterial communities by an in vitro culture study. The inclusion of PTs in the diet increased dry matter digestibility and gas production, and reduced ammonia-N concentration and pH. PT extract inhibited rumen BH, increasing the content of trans-9 C18:1, cis-9 C18:1, trans-9 and trans-12 C18:2 and reducing C18:0 concentration. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that PTs caused an obvious change in rumen bacterial communities. The presence of Prevotella decreased while carbohydrate-utilizing bacteria such as Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Ruminococcus, Selenomonas, Ruminobacter and Fibrobacter increased. Correlation analysis between rumen FA composition and the bacterial microbiome revealed that Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Anaerovorax, Ruminococcus, Ruminobacter, Fibrobacter, Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group and Clostridia_UCG-014 might have been involved in the BH process. In conclusion, the results suggest that the inclusion of PTs in the diet improved rumen fermentation and FA composition through modulating the rumen bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Xingxing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Yuanhao Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Min Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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21
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Bottegal DN, Lobón S, Latorre MÁ, Bertolín JR, Álvarez-Rodríguez J. Colour Stability, Fatty Acid Profile, and Lipid Oxidation in Meat Stored in Modified Atmosphere Packaging from Light Lambs Fed with Concentrate with Carob Pulp ( Ceratonia siliqua L.). Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1482. [PMID: 37627477 PMCID: PMC10451739 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in using by-products rich in polyphenols, such as carob pulp (Cp, Ceratonia siliqua L.), as a dietary source of antioxidants for animals. This study assesses the effects of including Cp in lambs' diet and meat display time (0, 7, 9, and 11 days) in modified atmosphere packaging on meat colour, fatty acid (FA) composition, tocopherol levels, and lipid oxidation values in the Semimembranosus muscle of 40 light lambs. The lambs were fed with concentrates supplemented with increasing Cp levels (0, 150, and 300 g/kg) for 45 days before slaughter. Metmyoglobin (MMb) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents increased linearly with display time (p < 0.05), regardless of diet (p > 0.05). At 11 days of display, MMb (28 ± 0.8%) and MDA (0.6 ± 0.1 mg MDA/kg of meat) contents remained within the acceptable limits. The α-tocopherol content was lower in the 30% Cp group and meat (p < 0.05). Total saturated and monounsaturated FA contents (934 ± 64 and 823 ± 65 mg/100 g of meat, respectively) did not differ significantly among the groups. However, the meat from lambs fed with 30% Cp showed reduced levels of branched-chain FAs, while polyunsaturated FAs increased (p < 0.05) compared to the control lambs. The inclusion of Cp in the lamb's diet, up to 30%, did not lead to meat deterioration and improved certain quality parameters, including a healthier FA profile. These findings highlight Cp's potential as an alternative antioxidant source in animal diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Lobón
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.L.); (J.R.B.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - María Ángeles Latorre
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Bertolín
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.L.); (J.R.B.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;
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22
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Acosta-Lozano N, Barros-Rodríguez M, Guishca-Cunuhay C, Andrade-Yucailla V, Contreras-Barros K, Sandoval-Castro C, Elghandour MMMY, Zeidan Mohamed Salem A. Potential Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Tannin-Rich Forage on Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Production, Defaunation and Rumen Function. Vet Sci 2023; 10:467. [PMID: 37505871 PMCID: PMC10383649 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment evaluated the effect of including Acacia mearnsii leaves in a high-fiber diet (corn stover), on ruminal degradation kinetics, digestibility, microbial biomass production, and gas, CH4, and CO2 production. Four experimental diets were tested, including a control with 100% corn stover (T1), and three additional diets with corn stover supplemented at 15% A. mearnsii leaves (T2), 30% A. mearnsii leaves (T3) and 45% of A. mearnsii leaves (T4). The highest dry matter in situ degradation (p ≤ 0.001) and in vitro digestibility (p ≤ 0.001) was found in T1 (80.6 and 53.4%, respectively) and T2 (76.4 and 49.6%, respectively) diets. A higher population of holotrich and entodiniomorph ruminal protozoa was found (p = 0.0001) in T1 at 12 and 24 h. Diets of T1 and T2 promoted a higher (p = 0.0001) microbial protein production (314.5 and 321.1 mg/0.5 g DM, respectively). Furthermore, a lower amount of CH4 was found (p < 0.05) with T2, T3 and T4. It is concluded that it is possible to supplement up to 15% of A. mearnsii leaves (30.5 g TC/kg DM) in ruminant's diets. This decreased the population of protozoa (holotrich and entodiniomorph) as well as the CH4 production by 35.8 and 18.5%, respectively, without generating adverse effects on the ruminal degradation kinetics, nutrient digestibility and microbial protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Acosta-Lozano
- Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, La Libertad 240204, Ecuador
| | - Marcos Barros-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Sector el Tambo-La Universidad, vía a Quero, Cevallos 1801334, Ecuador
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Rumen Biotechnology, Ruminant Feedlot Ranch-PROCESA, Street Playita-Estero Hondo, La Mana 050202, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Guishca-Cunuhay
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Rumen Biotechnology, Ruminant Feedlot Ranch-PROCESA, Street Playita-Estero Hondo, La Mana 050202, Ecuador
| | - Veronica Andrade-Yucailla
- Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, La Libertad 240204, Ecuador
| | - Katherine Contreras-Barros
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Campus El Dorado-Itchimbía, Quito 170403, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Sandoval-Castro
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5. Apdo. 4-116 Itzimná, Mérida 97100, Mexico
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23
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Bhatt RS, Sarkar S, Soni L, Sahoo A. Effect of supplementation of roasted oilseeds and phytochemical-rich herbages on nutrient utilization, methane emission, and growth performance in finisher lambs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:80094-80105. [PMID: 37289395 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ruminal methanogenesis is a major contributor to global environmental pollution in the agriculture sector. Dietary intervention modestly abates enteric methane emissions in ruminants. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of dietary oilseeds and phytochemical-rich herbages on enteric methane emission, growth performance, and nutrient utilization in lambs. Forty-eight finisher Malpura lambs were divided into 4 groups (RSZ, RSP, RSLZ, and RSLP) of 12 each in a factorial design. Lambs were fed ad libitum concentrate formulated with roasted soybean (RS) or roasted soybean plus linseed (RSL) along with Ziziphus nummularia (Z) or Prosopis cineraria (P) leaves as roughage sources. Variation in the source of roughage significantly affected feed intake, and it was higher (P < 0.05) in lambs fed Prosopis cineraria leaves (RSP and RSLP). The average daily gain was improved (P < 0.05) by 28.6 and 25.0% in lambs fed Prosopis cineraria, i.e., RSP and RSLP respectively, than those fed Ziziphus nummularia leaves irrespective of concentrate diets. Overall, microbial nitrogen synthesis (MNS) was higher (P < 0.05) in lambs fed roasted soybean (RS) than roasted soybean plus linseed (RSL); however, combination of Prosopis cineraria with both the concentrate diets increased MNS, than the combination of roasted oilseeds and Ziziphus nummularia. No significant interaction was observed in the concentration and proportion of volatile fatty acids by feeding combination of roasted oilseed and tree leaves; however, the proportion of acetic and propionic acid was higher (P < 0.05) in the RSL group compared to RS. Methane emission per kg dry matter intake was reduced (P < 0.05) by feeding Prosopis cineraria leaves regardless of concentrate mixture. As a result, the loss of metabolizable energy through methane emission was lowered by 0.7 and 4.6% when Prosopis cineraria leaves were combined with roasted soybean (RSP) and roasted soybean plus linseed (RSLP), respectively. From the present findings, it can be concluded that combination of Prosopis cineraria leaves either with roasted soybean or roasted soybean plus linseed reduced enteric methane emissions more effectively than Ziziphus nummularia leaves, and the energy saved was transformed into higher body weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randhir Singh Bhatt
- ICAR- Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Srobana Sarkar
- ICAR- Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Lalit Soni
- ICAR- Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Artabandhu Sahoo
- ICAR- Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India
- ICAR- National Research Centre On Camel, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
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24
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Ojo VOA, Adelusi OO, Idowu OJ, Shittu OO, Okeniyi FA, Ogundapo BM, Dada FI, Oso AO. Effect of increasing levels of Leucaena leucocephala seeds to grass pellets on performance of grower rabbits. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:221. [PMID: 37221313 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The study was carried out to determine the chemical composition of composite pellets of Megathyrsus maximus containing Leucaena leucocephala seed meal at the varying level and growth responses, as well as haematological and serum biochemical of rabbits, fed the pellets for 60 days. The treatment consists of M. maximus and L. leucocephala-100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40, respectively. Results revealed an increase (P < 0.05) in the proximate composition of the grass pellets with an increase in seed inclusion while there was a reduction (P < 0.05) in the NDF contents of the pellets. An increase in the tannin contents was recorded with an increase in seed inclusion to the grass pellets. Rabbits fed with 30 and 40% inclusions of seed in the grass pellets had similar weight gain while the lowest feed conversion ratio was recorded in rabbits fed grass with 30% seed inclusion. Packed cell volume, RBC and lymphocyte in rabbits were altered with feeding grass seed pellet (P < 0.05), although no particular pattern was followed. Total protein, globulin and urea contents were reduced in the rabbits as the contents of the seeds in the grass pellets increased. Albumin contents in pellets with 30% of seeds were higher in the rabbits fed the pellets above other treatments. It can be concluded that increasing the seed meal level up to 30% in grass pellets supported growth response without inflicting any side effects on the health indices of the rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- V O A Ojo
- Department of Pasture and Range Management, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B, Abeokuta, 2240, Nigeria.
| | - O O Adelusi
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B, Abeokuta, 2240, Nigeria
| | - O J Idowu
- Department of Pasture and Range Management, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B, Abeokuta, 2240, Nigeria
| | - O O Shittu
- Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - F A Okeniyi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - B M Ogundapo
- Department of Pasture and Range Management, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B, Abeokuta, 2240, Nigeria
| | - F I Dada
- Livestock Science and Sustainable Environment, Centre for Excellence in Agricultural Development and Sustainable Environment, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - A O Oso
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B, Abeokuta, 2240, Nigeria
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25
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Baila C, Joy M, Bertolín JR, Blanco M, Casasús I, Lobón S. Effect of sainfoin proanthocyanidins on milk fatty acids from ewes rearing suckling lambs. Animal 2023; 17:100862. [PMID: 37285648 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAC) can modulate the fatty acid (FA) profile of animal products and make them healthier for human consumption, but their effects are highly variable depending on several factors such as PAC chemical structure or dose. The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of PAC on the milk FA profile of Rasa Aragonesa ewes fed fresh sainfoin (PAC-containing forage legume) during the rearing period of suckling lambs (4 weeks postlambing). Twenty lactating ewes rearing a single male lamb were fed fresh sainfoin ad libitum plus 200 g/d of barley. Half the ewes were orally dosed with 100 mL of water (Sainfoin Group; n = 10) and the other half with polyethylene glycol (50 g PEG4000/100 mL water, Sainfoin + PEG Group; n = 10) to block PAC effects. Sainfoin and milk samples were collected weekly to determine their FA profile by gas chromatography. Fresh sainfoin contents of C18:3n-3 decreased from week 1 to week 2, C16:0 and C18:0 increased from week 1 to week 3, and C18:2n-6 did not change. Regarding milk FA, there were minor effects of PAC on milk-saturated FA. During the whole study, the presence of PAC increased C18:0, C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3 and total polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) n-6 and n-3, and decreased C18:1 t11, branched- and odd-chain FA. However, the decrease of milk concentrations of trans-monounsaturated FA, C18:1 t10, and total conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and the increase of total PUFA due to the presence of PAC occurred only in week 1, while CLA c9,t11 was lower during weeks 1 and 2. The canonical analyses confirmed the differences between treatments in the FA profile of milk. Overall, the use of fresh sainfoin in the diet of lactating ewes resulted in a beneficial modification of the concentration of several milk FAs, suggesting some changes in ruminal biohydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Baila
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, España; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, España
| | - M Joy
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, España; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, España
| | - J R Bertolín
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, España; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, España
| | - M Blanco
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, España; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, España
| | - I Casasús
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, España; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, España
| | - S Lobón
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, España; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, España.
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Xu H, Fu J, Luo Y, Li P, Song B, Lv Z, Guo Y. Effects of tannic acid on the immunity and intestinal health of broiler chickens with necrotic enteritis infection. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:72. [PMID: 37143114 PMCID: PMC10157989 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00867-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In broiler chickens, necrotic enteritis (NE) infection can reduce production performance. Tannic acid has shown great potential as a treatment of NE in broilers. However, the appropriate dosage of tannic acid in NE of broilers and the improvement effect on intestinal health are not very clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of tannic acid on the production performance, immunity, and intestinal health of broilers by constructing an NE model with C. perfringens infection and determining the appropriate dosage of tannic acid with regard to NE. RESULTS Challenged birds showed significant reduction in body weight, villus height, and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (P < 0.05) and increase in the feed consumption gain ratio, intestinal lesion score, and crypt depth (P < 0.05). The infection significantly reduced the relative Bacteroidota and Ligilactobacillus abundance (P < 0.05) and increased the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota and cecal content of C. perfringens (P < 0.05). Challenged birds fed diets supplemented with tannic acid showed significantly increased mRNA expression of nutrient transport carriers and intestinal barrier genes and growth performance and reduced serum zonulin and endotoxin levels (P < 0.05). Addition of tannic acid to the diet inhibited the inflammatory response by reducing the number of coccidia oocysts in feces and the content of C. perfringens in the cecum. Specifically, tannic acid reduced the serum levels of C reactive protein, myeloperoxidase, and specific IgY and ileal mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A levels in the ileal mucosa compared with those in the NE-infected birds. NE-infected birds fed diets supplemented with tannic acid also showed significantly increased relative Anaerocolumna, Thermoanaerobacterium, and Thermosinus abundance (P < 0.05); their microbial composition and functional predictions were similar to those of the NC group. CONCLUSIONS Tannic acid in the diet alleviated NE by enhancing the intestinal barrier and absorption function. The recommended dietary tannic acid additive level is 500-750 mg/kg. Our study findings would be useful in reducing related economic losses in the broiler industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Xu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianyang Fu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yimeng Luo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bochen Song
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Zengpeng Lv
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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27
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Furtado AJ, Abdalla Filho AL, Bruno JF, Neto RP, Lobo AAG, da Silva GV, Junior FP, Alves TC, Berndt A, de Faria Pedroso A, de Medeiros SR, Oliveira PPA, Rodrigues PHM. Pigeon Pea Intercropped with Tropical Pasture as a Mitigation Strategy for Enteric Methane Emissions of Nellore Steers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081323. [PMID: 37106886 PMCID: PMC10135237 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluate the effects of intercropping pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) with tropical pastures for feeding Nellore cattle and compared animal performance and enteric CH4 emissions with other pasture-based systems during the dry and rainy seasons of 2021. Thirty-six Nellore steers (with a body weight of 221 ± 7 kg and an age of 15-16 months) were randomly distributed in three treatments with three replicates (in paddocks of 1.5 hectares each): (1) a degraded pasture of Urochloa spp. (DEG); (2) a recovered and fertilized pasture of Urochloa spp. (REC); and (3) pigeon pea intercropped with Urochloa spp. (MIX). Enteric CH4 emissions were estimated using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas technique, and dry matter intake (DMI) was determined using internal (iNDF) and external (TiO2) markers. Forages were collected by hand plucking after observations of ingestive behavior, and feces was collected after voluntary defecation. The proportion of grass and legume intake was estimated by C stable isotopes, and the forage nutritional quality was determined, while animal performance was monitored monthly, and the stocking rate was adjusted by the "put and take" technique. The results indicated that intercropping pigeon pea with tropical grasses is an interesting strategy for sustainable livestock production based on pastures. The MIX treatment was able to meet the nutritional requirements of the animals, which presented higher performance. In addition, there was a reduction in CH4 emissions up to 70% when expressed per average daily weight gain in comparison to the DEG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Althieres José Furtado
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Adibe Luiz Abdalla Filho
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Fernandes Bruno
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Rolando Pasquini Neto
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Annelise Aila Gomes Lobo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Voltareli da Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavio Perna Junior
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Teresa Cristina Alves
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Berndt
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - André de Faria Pedroso
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Raposo de Medeiros
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Henrique Mazza Rodrigues
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
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Prapaiwong T, Srakaew W, Poolthajit S, Wachirapakorn C, Jarassaeng C. Effects of Chestnut Hydrolysable Tannin on Intake, Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, Milk Production and Somatic Cell Count in Crossbred Dairy Cows. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10040269. [PMID: 37104424 PMCID: PMC10140988 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10040269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of chestnut hydrolysable tannin (CHT) on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, milk yield and somatic cell count in crossbred dairy cows (>75% Holstein Friesian). Four crossbred dairy cows (467.6 ± 35.2 kg BW) were assigned to be supplemented with one of four levels of CHT according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Dietary treatments included the control (without CHT supplementation) and CHT treatments that consisted of supplementation with 3.15, 6.30 and 9.45 g CHT/day. Rice straw was given ad libitum. The results showed that increasing levels of CHT tended to quadratically decrease rice straw intake (p = 0.06). However, total dry matter intake (DMI) and other nutrients were not different (p > 0.05) among the dietary treatments. The apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) in cows with CHT treatments were higher (p < 0.05) than those of control cows. Milk yield and milk composition were not different (p > 0.05) among treatments. Lactose yield tended to increase linearly (p = 0.09) as CHT supplementation increased. Ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) were not different (p > 0.05), but total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) increased linearly (p < 0.05) as CHT levels increased. The somatic cell count (SCC) and somatic cell score (SCS) in the CHT treatments were different (p < 0.01) than those in the control treatment. In conclusion, it appears that CHT supplementation improved feed utilization and influenced SCC in crossbred dairy cows. Long-term research is needed to confirm the benefit of CHT supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tipwadee Prapaiwong
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wuttikorn Srakaew
- Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna Nan, Nan 55000, Thailand
| | - Sukanya Poolthajit
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chalong Wachirapakorn
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Jarassaeng
- Division of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Zou Q, Meng W, Li C, Wang T, Li D. Feeding broilers with wheat germ, hops and grape seed extract mixture improves growth performance. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1144997. [PMID: 37057186 PMCID: PMC10086265 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1144997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the study, Wheat germ, Hops and Grape seed extracts were made into a mixture (BX). The BX was supplemented in AA + broilers diets to investigate the effects of BX on broiler growth performance, blood indicators, microbiota, and noxious gas emissions in faeces. Four hundred and eighty 1-day-old AA + male broilers with an average initial body weight (44.82 ± 0.26) were randomly divided into four dietary treatments of six replicates each, with 20 birds per replicate. The experimental groups consisted of a group fed a basal diet and groups fed basal diet supplemented with 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% BX. The trail was 42 days. The results showed that supplementing the dietary with graded levels of BX linearly increased ADG and ADFI from days 22–42 and 1–42. When dietarys supplemented with 0.2% BX significantly increased ADG and ADFI on days 22–42 and 1–42 (p < 0.05). The addition of BX reduced H2S and NH3 emissions in the faeces; the levels of E. coli and Salmonella in the faeces were significantly reduced and the levels of Lactobacillus were increased (p < 0.05). In this trial, when the diet was supplemented with 0.2% BX, faecal levels of E. coli and Salmonella were consistently at their lowest levels and Lactobacillus were at their highest. At the same time, NH3 and H2S emissions from broiler faecal also had been at their lowest levels. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation with a 0.2% BX could improve the growth performance of broilers and also reduced faecal H2S and NH3 emissions, as well as faecal levels of E. coli and Salmonella, and increased levels of Lactobacillus. Thus, BX made by Wheat germ, Hops and Grape seed extract is expected to be an alternative to antibiotics. And based on the results of this trial, the recommended dose for use in on-farm production was 0.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Zou
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Weishuang Meng
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Anshan Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Anshan, China
| | - Tieliang Wang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Desheng Li
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Desheng Li,
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Tretola M, Bee G, Dohme-Meier F, Silacci P. Review: Harmonised in vitro digestion and the Ussing chamber for investigating the effects of polyphenols on intestinal physiology in monogastrics and ruminants. Animal 2023; 17:100785. [PMID: 37060748 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the relevant effects of plant-derived polyphenols (PPs) on monogastrics and ruminants' nutrition, emissions and performance, an increasing number of in vivo and in vitro studies are being performed to better understand the mechanisms of action of polyphenols at both the ruminal and intestinal levels. The biological properties of these phenolic compounds strongly depend on their degradation, absorption and metabolism. The harmonised in vitro digestion method (INFOGEST) is one of the most reliable in vitro methods used to assess the bioaccessibility and or antioxidant activity of PP contained in different matrixes, as well as the interactions of PP and their degradation products with other feed ingredients. The effects of PP released from their matrix after in vitro digestion on different intestinal physiological parameters, such as epithelium integrity, can be further evaluated by the use of ex vivo models such as the Ussing chamber. This review aims to describe the combination of the INFOGEST method, coupled with the Ussing chamber as a valuable model for the digestion and subsequent effects and absorption of phenolic compounds in monogastrics and potentially in ruminants. The advances, challenges and limits of this approach are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tretola
- Agroscope, Animal Biology Group, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland; Agroscope, Swine Group, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland; Agroscope, Ruminant Research Group, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
| | - G Bee
- Agroscope, Swine Group, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland
| | - F Dohme-Meier
- Agroscope, Ruminant Research Group, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland
| | - P Silacci
- Agroscope, Animal Biology Group, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland
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Teobaldo RW, Granja-Salcedo YT, Cardoso ADS, Constancio MTL, Brito TR, Romanzini EP, Reis RA. The Impact of Mineral and Energy Supplementation and Phytogenic Compounds on Rumen Microbial Diversity and Nitrogen Utilization in Grazing Beef Cattle. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030810. [PMID: 36985382 PMCID: PMC10051884 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of a phytogenic compound blend (PHA) containing hydrolyzable tannins, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde oil to mineral salt or energy supplementation on the rumen microbiota and nitrogen metabolism of grazing Nellore cattle. Eight castrated Nellore steers were distributed in a double-Latin-square 4 × 4 design, with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (two types of supplements with or without the addition of the PHA), as follows: energy supplement without the PHA addition (EW); energy supplement with the PHA addition (EPHA); mineral supplement without the addition of the PHA (MW); mineral supplement with the PHA addition (MPHA). Steers that received supplements with the PHA have a lower ruminal proportion of valerate (with the PHA, 1.06%; without the PHA, 1.15%), a lower ruminal abundance of Verrucomicrobia, and a tendency for lower DM digestibility (with the PHA, 62.8%; without the PHA, 64.8%). Energy supplements allowed for higher ammonia concentrations (+2.28 mg of NH3-N/dL), increased the propionate proportion (+0.29% of total VFA), and had a higher ruminal abundance of Proteobacteria and Spirochaetae phyla in the rumen. The PHA addition in the supplement did not improve nitrogen retention, reduced the ruminal proportion of valerate, and had a negative impact on both the total dry-matter digestibility and the abundance of several ruminal bacterial groups belonging to the Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronyatta Weich Teobaldo
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14887-900, Brazil
| | - Yury Tatiana Granja-Salcedo
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Centro de Investigación El Nus, San Roque 053030, Colombia
| | | | | | - Thais Ribeiro Brito
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14887-900, Brazil
| | - Eliéder Prates Romanzini
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14887-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrade Reis
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14887-900, Brazil
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de Sá Assis MC, Costa GRDR, Dias FMC, da Silva CS, de Lima JS, Torres TR, Silva DKDA, de Souza EJO. Can phytogenic additives replace monensin sodium in beef cattle feeding? Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:107. [PMID: 36913161 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Monensin sodium is one of the most common ionophores used in livestock feeding; however, ionophores are condemned by organized consumer groups. Bioactive compounds from plants found in the seasonally dry tropical forest have similar mechanisms of action as ionophores. The aim was to investigate the effects of replacing monensin sodium with phytogenic additives on the nutritional efficiency of beef cattle. Five 14-month-old Nellore bulls (average body weight 452.68 ± 42.60 kg) were used in the study. The experiment was designed as a 5 × 5 Latin Square (five treatments and five 22-day experimental periods). Within each period, 15 days were used for adaptation of animals to experimental conditions and 7 days for data collection. Bulls were fed a control diet (without additives), monensin (a diet containing monensin sodium 40% as a synthetic additive), and three diets containing phytogenic additives prepared from Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth) Brenan, Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd) Poiret, or Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. Nutritional efficiency was assessed through feed intake, nutrient digestibility, feeding behavior, and hematological parameters. Monensin and phytogenic additives did not influence (P > 0.05) feeding behavior or hematological parameters, but the nutrient intake was highest for bulls supplemented phytogenic additives (P < 0.05). Monensin supplementation did not influence (P > 0.05) feed intake. The phytogenic additives and monensin sodium increased (P < 0.05) the nutrient digestibility. Therefore, the phytogenic additives from P. juliflora, A. macrocarpa, and M. tenuiflora can be recommended to enhance the nutritional efficiency of confined Nellore cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Méry Cristina de Sá Assis
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, S/N, Serra Talhada, PE, 56909-535, Brazil
| | | | - Francisca Mônica Couras Dias
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, S/N, Serra Talhada, PE, 56909-535, Brazil
| | - Camila Sousa da Silva
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, S/N, Serra Talhada, PE, 56909-535, Brazil
| | | | - Thaysa Rodrigues Torres
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, S/N, Serra Talhada, PE, 56909-535, Brazil
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Comparison of the Effects between Tannins Extracted from Different Natural Plants on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, and Intestinal Flora of Broiler Chickens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020441. [PMID: 36829999 PMCID: PMC9952188 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, four plant tannins, including AT (Acacia mearnsii tannin, 68%), CT (Castanea sativa tannin, 60%), QT (Schinopsis lorenzii tannin, 73%) and TT (Caesalpinia spinosa tannin, 50%) were added to broiler diets for 42 days to evaluate and compare their effects on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune performance and gut microbiota in broilers. The results showed that the supplementation of five tannins could increase the production of T-AOC, GSH-Px, SOD and CAT and reduce the production of MDA in the serum of broilers (p < 0.01), but the antioxidant effect of the AT group was lower than that of the other three groups (p < 0.01). All four tannins decreased the level of the pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β and increased the level of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 (p < 0.01). CT, QT and TT decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α (p < 0.01), while AT and CT increased the level of IL-2 in serum (p < 0.01). Supplementation with four tannins also increased the levels of IgG, IgM, IgA and sIgA in serum (p < 0.01) and the levels of ZO-1, claudin-1 and occludin in the jejunum (p < 0.01). The detection results of ALT and AST showed that CT, QT and TT decreased the concentrations of ALT and AST in serum (p < 0.01). The results of the gut microbiota showed that the abundance of Clostridia and Subdoligranulum increased, and the abundance of Oscillospiraceae decreased, compared to the control group after adding the four tannins to the diets (p > 0.05). In addition, CT, QT and TT decreased the abundance of Lactobacillus and increased the abundance of Bacteroides compared to the control group, while AT showed the opposite result (p > 0.05). Overall, our study shows that tannins derived from different plants have their own unique effects on broilers. AT and CT can promote broilers' growth better than other tannins, CT has the best ability to improve immune and antioxidant properties, and QT and TT have the best effect on broilers' liver protection.
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Rumen protozoa population and carbohydrate-digesting enzymes in sheep fed a diet supplemented with hydrolysable tannins. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the effect of adding different sources of hydrolysable tannins to the sheep diet on protozoa population and carbohydrate digestion in the rumen. The study was performed in 3 Polish Lowland ewes fistulated to the rumen in a 3 × 3 Latin -square design. Control sheep (CON) received (g/d): meadow hay (600), barley meal (300), soybean meal (100) and vitamin-mineral premix (20). Sheep from the experimental groups were additionally administered 12.6 g/kg DM oak bark extract (OAK) and 3.91 g/kg DM tannic acid (TAN). The net consumption of tannins was approx. 0.4% DM for both additives. Regarding the count of protozoa, a significant interaction between diet and sampling time was documented for all ciliates (P<0.01), with a significant effect of both factors when considered separately. Experimental diets reduced the number of total protozoa and Entodinium spp. (before, 2 and 4 h after feeding; P<0.01), while increasing the abundance of Isotricha spp. population (4 h after feeding; P<0.01) in the rumen. Interestingly, the count of Ophryoscolex spp. after feeding the TAN diet increased before feeding and 2 h after feeding in comparison to the CON and OAK groups, respectively, and subsequently decreased compared to the CON diet (4 and 8 h after feeding, P<0.01). A significant interaction between the diet and sampling time was observed for xylanolytic activity (P<0.01) in the rumen, with a significant effect of sampling time, which decreased its activity in CON (after feeding) and OAK sheep (2 h after feeding; P<0.01). For amylolytic activity (P<0.10), there was a trend towards a significant interaction between experimental factors, with a significant effect on both diet and sampling time. Detailed analysis showed that the TAN diet significantly reduced amylolytic activity 2 h after feeding compared to the CON group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the TAN diet significantly reduced the number of total protozoa and Entodinium spp., which consequently reduced amylolytic activity in the rumen, without any significant effect on pH and carbohydrate fermentation in the rumen.
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Uushona T, Chikwanha OC, Katiyatiya CLF, Strydom PE, Mapiye C. Substitution effects of Acacia mearnsii leaf-meal for Triticum aestivum bran on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and nitrogen retention in lambs. Small Rumin Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2023.106948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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Kintl A, Hammerschmiedt T, Vítěz T, Brtnický M, Vejražka K, Huňady I, Látal O, Elbl J. Possibility of using tannins to control greenhouse gas production during digestate storage. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 156:75-83. [PMID: 36442329 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The presented paper deals with the testing of a possibility to reduce emissions of undesirable greenhouse gases (CH4, CO2; NOx) and their mixture (biogas) during the storage of digestate using applications of secondary plant metabolites (tannins). The experiment was conducted in laboratory conditions in which the digestate was placed in fermentation chambers. Prior to the fermentation process, preparations were applied to the digestate, which contained tannins: Tanenol Antibotrytis (TA), Tanenol Clar (TC) and Tanenol Rouge (TR) in three concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% w/w). The application of these preparations demonstrably affected the production of biogas and the contents of CH4, CO2 and N therein. The application of TR preparation in the concentration of 1.0% and 2.0% significantly reduced the production of biogas as compared with all variants. The preparation further inhibited the process of CH4 development. In contrast, the other preparations with the content of different kinds of TA and TC increased the production of biogas (on average by 15%), CH4 (on average by 7%) and CO2 (on average by 12%) as compared with the control variant and TR variant. These two variants reduced the concentration of N in biogas on average by 38%. Thus, the tested Tanenol tannin preparations can be used in different concentrations either to control emissions of greenhouse gases during the storage of digestate or, in case of increased production of CO2 for its reuse in order to increase methane yields in the process of anaerobic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonín Kintl
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Zahradní 1, 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Hammerschmiedt
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Vítěz
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Brtnický
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Purkynova 118, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Vejražka
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Zahradní 1, 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic.
| | - Igor Huňady
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Zahradní 1, 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic.
| | - Oldřich Látal
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Elbl
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Zahradní 1, 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic; Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Richter C, Behringer V, Manig F, Henle T, Hohmann G, Zierau O. Traces of dietary patterns in saliva of hominids: Profiling salivary amino acid fingerprints in great apes and humans. J Hum Evol 2023; 175:103305. [PMID: 36586354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Herbivorous animals that regularly consume tannin-rich food are known to secrete certain tannin-binding salivary proteins (TBSPs), especially proline-rich proteins and histidine-rich proteins, as an effective measure to counteract the antinutritive effects of dietary tannins. Due to their high binding capacity, TBSPs complex with tannins in the oral cavity, and thereby protect dietary proteins and digestive enzymes. Although the natural diet of great apes (Hominidae) is biased toward ripe fruits, analyses of food plants revealed that their natural diet contains considerable amounts of tannins, which is raising the question of possible counter-measures to cope with dietary tannins. In our study, we investigated the salivary amino acid profiles of zoo-housed Pan paniscus, Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla, and Pongo abelii, and compared their results with corresponding data from Homo sapiens. Individual saliva samples of 42 apes and 17 humans were collected and quantitated by amino acid analysis, using cation-exchange chromatography with postcolumn derivatization, following acid hydrolysis. We found species-specific differences in the salivary amino acid profiles with average total salivary protein concentration ranging from 308.8 mg/dL in Po. abelii to 1165.6 mg/dL in G. gorilla. Total salivary protein was consistently higher in ape than in human saliva samples (174 mg/dL). All apes had on average also higher relative proline levels than humans did. Histidine levels had the highest concentration in the samples from Po. abelii followed by P. paniscus. In all ape species, the high salivary concentrations of proline and histidine are considered to be indicative of high concentrations of TBSPs in hominids. Given that the species differences in salivary composition obtained in this study correspond with overall patterns of secondary compound content in the diet of wild populations, we assume that salivary composition is resilient to acute and long-lasting changes in diet composition in general and tannin content in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Richter
- Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Verena Behringer
- Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany; Endocrinology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Friederike Manig
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Henle
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gottfried Hohmann
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Zierau
- Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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De Marzo D, Bozzo G, Ceci E, Losacco C, Dimuccio MM, Khan RU, Laudadio V, Tufarelli V. Enrichment of Dairy-Type Lamb Diet with Microencapsulated Omega-3 Fish Oil: Effects on Growth, Carcass Quality and Meat Fatty Acids. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020275. [PMID: 36836633 PMCID: PMC9962318 DOI: 10.3390/life13020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis that adding omega-3 oil to feedlot pellets will improve the meat's favourable n-3 PUFA composition was tested in this experiment. Therefore, we evaluated the productive traits and modification of the composition of n-3 PUFA of Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle in growing lambs supplemented with microencapsulated omega-3 oil (MEOIL) in pelleted total mixed rations (TMR). Thirty six one month old Valle del Belice male lambs (14.04 ± 0.1 kg) were randomly distributed to one of the three dietary treatments (n = 12 lambs each) and provided the supplemented diets up to 14 weeks of age: 1. control (CON) pelleted TMR without omega-3 oil supplementation; 2. omega-3 oil fortified pelleted TMR at 1% (MEOIL1) supplementation; and 3- Omega-3 oil fortified pelleted TMR at 3% (MEOIL3) supplementation. Supplementing MEOIL at both levels in diet positively impacted (p < 0.05) body weight (BW) and feed efficiency. At the end of feeding period, most carcass quality traits did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) among groups, with the exception of carcass dressing and loin yield at both levels of MEOIL. The color and physical traits of LL muscle were affected by MEOIL supplementation (p < 0.05), with no significant change in chemical characteristics. Fatty acids composition of meat in term of linolenic, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by both levels of MEOIL. It was concluded that the tested microencapsulated omega-3 oil preparation may be included at 1% in lamb diet for increasing unsaturated fatty acids in meat without any detrimental effects on lamb productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide De Marzo
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Bozzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Edmondo Ceci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Losacco
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Michela Maria Dimuccio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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The effect of dietary inclusion of Artemisia sieberi leaves on growth performance, feeding behaviors, ruminal fermentation, feed digestibility, and blood hemato-biochemical profile of growing male lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:41. [PMID: 36646916 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03455-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of replacing alfalfa hay with Artemisia sieberi leaves (ASL) on growth performance, feeding behaviors, total tract feed digestibility, ruminal fermentation as well as blood cells, and biochemical parameters. A total of 21 Kermani male lambs (average body weight (BW) of 25.2 ± 0.9 kg) were randomly divided into three groups and offered the following treatments: (1) basal diet (65% concentrate and 35% alfalfa hay as forage source), (2) ASL inclusion at 25% of forage source (8.75% of TMR, ASL25), and (3) ASL addition at 50% of forage source (17.5% of TMR, ASL50). The experiment lasted for 64 days, including 14 days of adaptation and 50 days of data collection. Dietary ASL inclusion decreased lambs' feed consumption (6.7 and 2.8% reduction in ASL25 and ASL50, respectively, p < 0.05) without affecting water intake, final BW, daily weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. Moreover, feeding behaviors, including time spent for eating, ruminating, and chewing activities, were uninfluenced by the dietary ASL addition on days 25 and 50 of the experiment. Based on the data provided, the substitution of alfalfa hay with ASL resulted in an increase in the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber (p < 0.05). In addition, the ruminal fluid of ASL-fed lambs had a lower molar proportion of acetate and a higher proportion of propionate compared to that of the control animals (p < 0.05), whereas other volatile fatty acids (VFA) and total VFA were not different between the experimental groups. Blood hematocrit, hemoglobin, red cells, white cells, and their differentiation, platelets, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, triglyceride, calcium, phosphorus, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, urea, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde remained unchanged when ASL was included in the diet. Regardless of the slight decrease in dry matter intake, the lack of adverse effects of dietary ASL addition on growth performance, feeding behaviors, rumen fermentation, and blood hemato-biochemical parameters, along with positive impacts of ASL on propionate production and total tract feed digestibility, suggest that Artemisia sieberi leaves can be considered as a potential alternative feed resource for small ruminants.
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Antiparasitic Tannin-Rich Plants from the South of Europe for Grazing Livestock: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020201. [PMID: 36670741 PMCID: PMC9855007 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Internal parasites are one of the main causes of health threats in livestock production, especially in extensive livestock farming. Despite the environmental toxic effects (loss of dung beetles, biodiversity, and other issues) and resistance phenomenon derived from their prolonged use, anti-parasitic chemical pharmaceuticals are frequently used, even in organic farming. Such a situation within the context of climate change requires urgent exploration of alternative compounds to solve these problems and apparent conflicts between organic farming objectives regarding the environment, public health, and animal health. This review is focused on some plants (Artemisia spp., Cichorium intybus L., Ericaceae family, Hedysarum coronarium L., Lotus spp., Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) that are well known for their antiparasitic effect, are voluntarily grazed and ingested, and can be spontaneously found or cultivated in southern Europe and other regions with a Mediterranean climate. The differences found between effectiveness, parasite species affected, in vitro/in vivo experiments, and active compounds are explored. A total of 87 papers where antiparasitic activity of those plants have been studied are included in this review; 75% studied the effect on ruminant parasites, where gastrointestinal nematodes were the parasite group most studied (70%), and these included natural (31%) and experimental (37%) infections.
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Shilwant S, Hundal JS, Singla M, Patra AK. Ruminal fermentation and methane production in vitro, milk production, nutrient utilization, blood profile, and immune responses of lactating goats fed polyphenolic and saponin-rich plant extracts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:10901-10913. [PMID: 36087183 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22931-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a composite plant extract (CPE) rich in polyphenolics and saponins from seeds of Dolichos biflorus (horse gram), root of Asparagus racemosus (shatavari), bark of Amoora rohituka (rohitaka), and peel of Punica granatum (pomegranate) on ruminal fermentation and methanogenesis in vitro, milk production, nutrient digestibility, immune response, and blood profiles in lactating Beetal goats fed CPE at 20 g/kg diet. Dose effect of CPE was assessed using different doses (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg substrate) to find out an optimum dose for the in vivo study. The in vivo experiment lasted 70 days including a 10-day adaptation period. In the in vitro study, dry matter (DM) and fiber degradability increased linearly (P < 0.05) and methane production and ammonia concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing doses of CPE. Concentrations of total VFA and proportion of propionate increased (P < 0.001) linearly, whereas proportion of acetate and acetate to propionate ratio decreased with a linear effect. Dietary CPE increased milk yield (P = 0.017) and concentrations of protein and lactose (P = 0.045) by CPE, but concentrations of fat and solid not fat in milk were not affected (P > 0.10). Somatic cell counts in milk reduced (P = 0.045) in the CPE-fed goats. Apparent digestibility of DM (P = 0.037) increased significantly and NDF (P = 0.066) tended to increase due to supplementation of CPE. Blood glucose (P = 0.028) and albumin (P = 0.007) concentrations increased, while other liver-marker metabolites and enzyme activities and superoxide dismutase activity were not altered in goats due to feeding of CPE. Concentrations of total amino acids (P = 0.010), total essential amino acids (P = 0.012), and total ketogenic amino acids (P < 0.001) were greater in the CPE-fed goats than the control goats. Cell-mediated immune response improved due to CPE feeding. This study suggests that the CPE rich in both phenolics and saponins could improve ruminal fermentation, milk production, and nutrient utilization in lactating goats with better health status while decreasing methane emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Shilwant
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Jaspal Singh Hundal
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Mandeep Singla
- Goat Farm, Directorate of Livestock Farm, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700037, India.
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Gao Y, Wu Z, Li W, Sun H, Chai Y, Li T, Liu C, Gong X, Liang Y, Qin P. Expanding the valorization of waste mushroom substrates in agricultural production: progress and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:2355-2373. [PMID: 36399293 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Waste mushroom substrate (WMS) generated in large quantities from mushroom production process has caused severe environmental pollution. As a sustainable resource, the valorization of WMS in the agricultural field has attracted attention due to the abundant active components. A comprehensive review of valorization of WMS in agricultural production is meaningful to promote the further utilization of this resource. This paper provided an overview of the valorization in sustainable agricultural production using WMS, including animal and crop farming improvement, and agricultural environmental restoration. Moreover, the limitations and the possible development directions of WMS in agricultural production were discussed. Different sustainable cycle models for WMS in agricultural production were proposed. The aim of this review is to provide a feasible solution for the favorable treatment of WMS and improvement of agricultural production quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in the Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in the Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Li
- Hunan Provincial Center of Ecology and Environment Affairs, Changsha, 410019, China
| | - Haibo Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in the Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Youzheng Chai
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in the Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyou Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in the Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in the Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Gong
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in the Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunshan Liang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in the Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Pufeng Qin
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in the Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
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Smith PE, Kelly AK, Kenny DA, Waters SM. Enteric methane research and mitigation strategies for pastoral-based beef cattle production systems. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:958340. [PMID: 36619952 PMCID: PMC9817038 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.958340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminant livestock play a key role in global society through the conversion of lignocellulolytic plant matter into high-quality sources of protein for human consumption. However, as a consequence of the digestive physiology of ruminant species, methane (CH4), which originates as a byproduct of enteric fermentation, is accountable for 40% of global agriculture's carbon footprint and ~6% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, meeting the increasing demand for animal protein associated with a growing global population while reducing the GHG intensity of ruminant production will be a challenge for both the livestock industry and the research community. In recent decades, numerous strategies have been identified as having the potential to reduce the methanogenic output of livestock. Dietary supplementation with antimethanogenic compounds, targeting members of the rumen methanogen community and/or suppressing the availability of methanogenesis substrates (mainly H2 and CO2), may have the potential to reduce the methanogenic output of housed livestock. However, reducing the environmental impact of pasture-based beef cattle may be a challenge, but it can be achieved by enhancing the nutritional quality of grazed forage in an effort to improve animal growth rates and ultimately reduce lifetime emissions. In addition, the genetic selection of low-CH4-emitting and/or faster-growing animals will likely benefit all beef cattle production systems by reducing the methanogenic potential of future generations of livestock. Similarly, the development of other mitigation technologies requiring minimal intervention and labor for their application, such as anti-methanogen vaccines, would likely appeal to livestock producers, with high uptake among farmers if proven effective. Therefore, the objective of this review is to give a detailed overview of the CH4 mitigation solutions, both currently available and under development, for temperate pasture-based beef cattle production systems. A description of ruminal methanogenesis and the technologies used to estimate enteric emissions at pastures are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Smith
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Dunsany, Ireland,*Correspondence: Paul E. Smith
| | - Alan K. Kelly
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David A. Kenny
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Dunsany, Ireland
| | - Sinéad M. Waters
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Dunsany, Ireland
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Formato M, Vastolo A, Piccolella S, Calabrò S, Cutrignelli MI, Zidorn C, Pacifico S. Castanea sativa Mill. Leaf: UHPLC-HR MS/MS Analysis and Effects on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methanogenesis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248662. [PMID: 36557796 PMCID: PMC9785889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Castanea sativa Mill. (Fagaceae) is a deciduous tree grown for its wood and edible fruits. Chestnut processing produces residues (burs, shells, and leaves) exploitable for their diversity in bioactive compounds in animal nutrition. In fact, plant-specialized metabolites likely act as rumen modifiers. Thus, the recovery of residual plant parts as feed ingredients is an evaluable strategy. In this context, European chestnut leaves from northern Germany have been investigated, proving to be a good source of flavonoids as well as gallo- and ellagitannins. To this purpose, an alcoholic extract was obtained and an untargeted profiling carried out, mainly by means of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR MS/MS) techniques. To better unravel the polyphenol constituents, fractionation strategies were employed to obtain a lipophilic fraction and a polar one. This latter was highly responsive to total phenolic and flavonoid content analyses, as well as to antiradical (DPPH● and ABTS+●) and reducing activity (PFRAP) assays. The effect of the alcoholic extract and its fractions on rumen liquor was also evaluated in vitro in terms of fermentative parameter changes and impact on methanogenesis. The data acquired confirm that chestnut leaf extract and the fractions therefrom promote an increase in total volatile fatty acids, while decreasing acetate/propionate ratio and CH4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Formato
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vastolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Piccolella
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Serena Calabrò
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Monica Isabella Cutrignelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Christian Zidorn
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Biologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Siniscalchi D, Cardoso ADS, Corrêa DCDC, Ferreira MR, Andrade MEB, da Cruz LHG, Ruggieri AC, Reis RA. Effects of condensed tannins on greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen dynamics from urine-treated grassland soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:85026-85035. [PMID: 35789460 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Condensed tannins are a potentially important treatment option to mitigate N2O (nitrous oxide) and affect carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions; however, their effect has been poorly assessed. Here, we quantified the emissions of N2O, CH4, and CO2, soil N mineralization, and nitrification with increasing doses of condensed tannins added to the urine of cattle raised on pasture. The experiment consisted of incubation with doses of 0%, 0.5%, and 1.0% of condensed tannins added directly to the collected urine. The experimental design was completely randomized. Greenhouse gas fluxes were quantified for four weeks using static chambers and gas chromatography. The addition of condensed tannins increased N2O emissions (P < 0.05), with total emissions averaging 95.84 mg N-N2O kg-1, 265.30 mg N-N2O kg-1, and 199.32 mg N-N2O kg-1 dry soil in the treatments with 0%, 0.5%, and 1% tannins, respectively. Methane emissions were reduced with the addition of tannins (P < 0.05), with total emissions of 8.84 g CH4 kg-1, 1.87 g CH4 kg-1, and 3.34 g CH4 kg-1 dry soil in the treatments with 0%, 0.5%, and 1% tannins, respectively. Soil respiration increased with the addition of condensed tannins (P < 0.05), with total emissions of 3.80 g CO2 kg-1, 6.93 g CO2 kg-1, and 5.87 g CO2 kg-1 in dry soil, in the treatments with 0%, 0.5%, and 1% tannins, respectively. The addition of condensed tannins reduced N mineralization and nitrification. We found evidence that the use of condensed tannins might not be a suitable option to mitigate N2O emissions. However, soil CH4 emissions can be abated. The increases in soil respiration suggest that tannins affect soil microorganisms, and the effects on CH4 and N2O could be related to the variation in the soil microbiome, which requires further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Siniscalchi
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Abmael da Silva Cardoso
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Darlena Caroline da Cruz Corrêa
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Mariane Rodrigues Ferreira
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Marina Elizabeth Barbosa Andrade
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Luana Hybner Gomes da Cruz
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Ruggieri
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrade Reis
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
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Acacia mearnsii tannin extract and α-tocopherol supplementation in lamb diet: Effects on growth performance, serum lipid peroxidation and meat quality. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Besharati M, Maggiolino A, Palangi V, Kaya A, Jabbar M, Eseceli H, De Palo P, Lorenzo JM. Tannin in Ruminant Nutrition: Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238273. [PMID: 36500366 PMCID: PMC9738529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tannins are polyphenols characterized by different molecular weights that plants are able to synthetize during their secondary metabolism. Macromolecules (proteins, structural carbohydrates and starch) can link tannins and their digestion can decrease. Tannins can be classified into two groups: hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins. Tannins are polyphenols, which can directly or indirectly affect intake and digestion. Their ability to bind molecules and form complexes depends on the structure of polyphenols and on the macromolecule involved. Tannins have long been known to be an "anti-nutritional agent" in monogastric and poultry animals. Using good tannins' proper application protocols helped the researchers observe positive effects on the intestinal microbial ecosystem, gut health, and animal production. Plant tannins are used as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics, and many factors have been described by researchers which contribute to the variability in their efficiencies. The objective of this study was to review the literature about tannins, their effects and use in ruminant nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maghsoud Besharati
- Department of Animal Science, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Ahar 5451785354, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Valiollah Palangi
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Adem Kaya
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Jabbar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biosciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Hüseyin Eseceli
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir 10200, Turkey
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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Wang Z, Zhao Y, Lan X, He J, Wan F, Shen W, Tang S, Zhou C, Tan Z, Yang Y. Tannic acid supplementation in the diet of Holstein bulls: Impacts on production performance, physiological and immunological characteristics, and ruminal microbiota. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1066074. [PMID: 36466399 PMCID: PMC9709124 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1066074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the influences of supplementing tannic acid (TA) at different doses on the production performance, physiological and immunological characteristics, and rumen bacterial microbiome of cattle. Forty-eight Holstein bulls were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments: the control (CON, basal diet), the low-dose TA treatment [TAL, 0.3% dry matter (DM)], the mid-dose TA treatment (TAM, 0.9% DM), and the high-dose TA treatment (TAH, 2.7% DM). This trial consisted of 7 days for adaptation and 90 days for data and sample collection, and samples of blood and rumen fluid were collected on 37, 67, and 97 d, respectively. The average daily gain was unaffected (P > 0.05), whilst the ruminal NH3-N was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) by TA supplementation. The 0.3% TA addition lowered (P < 0.05) the levels of ruminal isobutyrate, valerate, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and tended to (P < 0.1) increase the gain to feed ratio. The digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), and crude protein, and percentages of butyrate, isobutyrate, and valerate were lower (P < 0.05), while the acetate proportion and acetate to propionate ratio in both TAM and TAH were higher (P < 0.05) than the CON. Besides, the 0.9% TA inclusion lessened (P < 0.05) the concentrations of glucagon and TNF-α, but enhanced (P < 0.05) the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) level and Simpson index of ruminal bacteria. The 2.7% TA supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) the intake of DM and OM, and levels of malondialdehyde and thyroxine, while elevated (P < 0.05) the Shannon index of the rumen bacterial populations. Moreover, the relative abundances of the phyla Fibrobacteres and Lentisphaerae, the genera Fibrobacter and Bradyrhizobium, and the species Bradyrhizobium sp., Lachnospiraceae bacterium RM29, and Lachnospiraceae bacterium CG57 were highly significantly (q < 0.01) or significantly (q < 0.05) raised by adding 2.7% TA. Results suggested that the TA addition at 0.3% is more suitable for the cattle, based on the general comparison on the impacts of supplementing TA at different doses on all the measured parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyi Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fachun Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chuanshe Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanming Yang
- Jiurui Biology and Chemistry Co., Ltd., Zhangjiajie, Hunan, China
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Production and meat quality attributes of lambs fed varying levels of Acacia mearnsii leaf-meal as replacement for Triticum aestivum bran. Meat Sci 2022; 196:109042. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.109042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Braga DCDA, Gomes PM, Batista MAC, de Souza JA, Bastos JCSA, Rodrigues-das-Dôres RG, Alzamora AC, de Souza GHB, de Moura SAL, Talvani A, Antunes VR, Cardoso LM. Effects of Psidium guajava L. leaves extract on blood pressure control and IL-10 production in salt-dependent hypertensive rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113796. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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