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Weidner L, Cannas JV, Rychlik M, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Molecular Characterization of Cooking Processes: A Metabolomics Decoding of Vaporous Emissions for Food Markers and Thermal Reaction Indicators. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37917545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Thermal processing of food plays a fundamental role in everyday life. Whereas most researchers study thermal processes directly in the matrix, molecular information in the form of non- and semivolatile compounds conveyed by vaporous emissions is often neglected. We performed a metabolomics study of processing emissions from 96 different food items to define the interaction between the processed matrix and released metabolites. Untargeted profiling of vapor samples revealed matrix-dependent molecular spaces that were characterized by Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Thermal degradation products of peptides and amino acids can be used for the differentiation of animal-based food from plant-based food, which generally is characterized by secondary plant metabolites or carbohydrates. Further, heat-sensitive processing indicators were characterized and discussed in the background of the Maillard reaction. These reveal that processing emissions contain a dense layer of information suitable for deep insights into food composition and control of cooking processes based on processing emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Weidner
- Comprehensive Foodomics Platform, Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jil Vittoria Cannas
- Comprehensive Foodomics Platform, Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Comprehensive Foodomics Platform, Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Comprehensive Foodomics Platform, Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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2
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Sajjad B, Hussain S, Rasool K, Hassan M, Almomani F. Comprehensive insights into advances in ambient bioaerosols sampling, analysis and factors influencing bioaerosols composition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122473. [PMID: 37659632 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
While the study of bioaerosols has a long history, it has garnered heightened interest in the past few years, focusing on both culture-dependent and independent sampling and analysis approaches. Observations have been made regarding the seasonal fluctuations in microbial communities and their connection to particular ambient atmospheric factors. The study of airborne microbial communities is important in public health and atmospheric processes. Nevertheless, the establishment of standardized protocols for evaluating airborne microbial communities and utilizing microbial taxonomy as a means to identify distinct bioaerosols sources and seasonal patterns remains relatively unexplored. This article discusses the challenges and limitations of ambient bioaerosols sampling and analysis, including the lack of standardized methods and the heterogeneity of sources. Future prospects in the field of bioaerosols, including the use of high-throughput sequencing technologies, omics studies, spectroscopy and fluorescence-based monitoring to provide comprehensive incite on metabolic capacity, and activity are also presented. Furthermore, the review highlights the factors that affect bioaerosols composition, including seasonality, atmospheric conditions, and pollution levels. Overall, this review provides a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders interested in understanding and managing bioaerosols in various environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Sajjad
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar; Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabir Hussain
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Rasool
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Mujtaba Hassan
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fares Almomani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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3
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Furutani H, Kato K, Hinoue T, Kimoto T, Toyoda M. Aeromicelle-A new form of liquid aerosol for delivering aqueous samples into a single-particle mass spectrometer. Talanta 2023; 260:124616. [PMID: 37146457 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
For applying highly sensitive mass spectrometry to chemical analysis of aqueous samples, we have developed a novel technique using a new form of liquid droplets, which we call "aeromicelle" (AM), to deliver aqueous sample solutions directly into the vacuum region of a single-particle mass spectrometer in liquid form and conduct immediate mass analysis. AMs are generated by spraying an aqueous solution containing a surfactant at a concentration significantly lower than its critical micelle concentration (CMC). When the solution is sprayed, liquid droplets containing the surfactant are formed, which gradually dry in an air flow. Upon drying, the surfactant concentration in the droplet exceeds its CMC, and consequently, the surfactant molecules begin to cover the droplet surface. Finally, the surface is expected to be fully covered with surfactant molecules such as reverse micelles. The surface coverage helps suppress the evaporation of water, thereby enhancing the residence time of the liquid droplet. Our experimental results show that the AMs retained a liquid form for at least 100 s in air and survived even under vacuum conditions for further mass analysis: each AM delivered in the vacuum region of a single-particle mass spectrometer is ablated with an intense laser pulse and then, mass analyzed. Individual AMs generated from an aqueous solution containing CsCl were analyzed using a single-particle mass spectrometer. The Cs+ ion peak was observed even in AMs generated from the 10 nM solution. The number of Cs atoms in each AM was estimated to be approximately 7 × 103, which corresponds to 1.2 × 10-20 mol (12 zmol). Meanwhile, in the mass analysis of tyrosine, both positive and negative fragmentation ions from tyrosine in AMs were observed in the mass spectrum and 4.6 × 105 (760 zmol) tyrosine molecules were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Furutani
- Center for Instrumental Renovation and Fabrication Support, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan; Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kana Kato
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Teruo Hinoue
- Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan; Kimoto Electric Co. LTD, Tenoji-ku, Osaka, 543-0024, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimoto
- Kimoto Electric Co. LTD, Tenoji-ku, Osaka, 543-0024, Japan
| | - Michisato Toyoda
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan; Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
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4
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Rafferty A, Vennes B, Bain A, Preston TC. Optical trapping and light scattering in atmospheric aerosol science. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7066-7089. [PMID: 36852581 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05301b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol particles are ubiquitous in the atmosphere, and currently contribute a large uncertainty to climate models. Part of the endeavour to reduce this uncertainty takes the form of improving our understanding of aerosol at the microphysical level, thus enabling chemical and physical processes to be more accurately represented in larger scale models. In addition to modeling efforts, there is a need to develop new instruments and methodologies to interrogate the physicochemical properties of aerosol. This perspective presents the development, theory, and application of optical trapping, a powerful tool for single particle investigations of aerosol. After providing an overview of the role of aerosol in Earth's atmosphere and the microphysics of these particles, we present a brief history of optical trapping and a more detailed look at its application to aerosol particles. We also compare optical trapping to other single particle techniques. Understanding the interaction of light with single particles is essential for interpreting experimental measurements. In the final part of this perspective, we provide the relevant formalism for understanding both elastic and inelastic light scattering for single particles. The developments discussed here go beyond Mie theory and include both how particle and beam shape affect spectra. Throughout the entirety of this work, we highlight numerous references and examples, mostly from the last decade, of the application of optical trapping to systems that are relevant to the atmospheric aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Vennes
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Alison Bain
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Thomas C Preston
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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5
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Ma T, Furutani H, Duan F, Kimoto T, Ma Y, Zhu L, Huang T, Toyoda M, He K. Distinct diurnal chemical compositions and formation processes of individual organic-containing particles in Beijing winter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120846. [PMID: 36496065 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic aerosols (OA) are major components of fine particulate matter, yet their formation mechanism remains unclear, especially in polluted environments. In this study, we investigated the diurnal chemical compositions and formation processes of OA in carbonaceous particles during winter in Beijing using aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We found that 84.5% of the measured carbonaceous particles underwent aging processes, characterized by larger diameter and more secondary species compared to fresh carbonaceous particles, and presented different chemical compositions of OA in the daytime and nighttime. During the day, under high O3 concentrations, organosulfates and oligomers existed in the aged carbonaceous particles, which were mixed with a higher signal of nitrate compared with sulfate. At night, under high relative humidity, distinct spectral signatures of hydroxymethanesulfonate and organic nitrogen compounds, and minor signals of other hydroxyalkylsulfonates and high molecular weight organic compounds were present in the aged carbonaceous particles, which were mixed with a higher signal of sulfate compared with nitrate. Our results indicated that photochemistry contributed to OA formation in the daytime, while aqueous chemistry played an important role in OA formation in the nighttime. The findings can help improve the performance of air quality and climate models on OA simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hiroshi Furutani
- Support Center for Scientific Instrument Renovation and Custom Fabrication, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan; Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Fengkui Duan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Takashi Kimoto
- Kimoto Electric Co., Ltd., 3-1 Funahashi-cho Tennoji-ku, Osaka 543-0024, Japan
| | - Yongliang Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lidan Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Kimoto Electric Co., Ltd., 3-1 Funahashi-cho Tennoji-ku, Osaka 543-0024, Japan
| | - Michisato Toyoda
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kebin He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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6
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Weidner L, Hemmler D, Rychlik M, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Real-Time Monitoring of Miniaturized Thermal Food Processing by Advanced Mass Spectrometric Techniques. Anal Chem 2023; 95:1694-1702. [PMID: 36602426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is a popular and powerful analytical tool to study the effects of food processing. Industrial sampling, real-life sampling, or challenging academic research on process-related volatile and aerosol research often demand flexible, time-sensitive data acquisition by state-of-the-art mass analyzers. Here, we show a laboratory-scaled, miniaturized, and highly controllable setup for the online monitoring of aerosols and volatiles from thermal food processing based on dielectric barrier discharge ionization (DBDI) mass spectrometry (MS). We demonstrate the opportunities offered by the setup from a foodomics perspective to study emissions from the thermal processing of wheat bread rolls at 210 °C by Fourier transformation ion cyclotron resonance MS. As DBDI is an emerging technology, we compared its ionization selectivity to established atmospheric pressure ionization tools: we found DBDI preferably ionizes saturated, nitrogenous compounds. We likewise identified a sustainable overlap in the selectivity of detected analytes with APCI and electrospray ionization (ESI). Further, we dynamically recorded chemical fingerprints throughout the thermal process. Unsupervised classification of temporal response patterns was used to describe the dynamic nature of the reaction system. Compared to established tools for real-time MS, our setup permits one to monitor chemical changes during thermal food processing at ultrahigh resolution, establishing an advanced perspective for real-time mass spectrometric analysis of food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Weidner
- Comprehensive Foodomics Platform, Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Hemmler
- Comprehensive Foodomics Platform, Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Comprehensive Foodomics Platform, Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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7
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Zhong QE, Cheng C, Li M, Yang S, Wang Z, Yun L, Liu S, Mao L, Fu Z, Zhou Z. Insights into the different mixing states and formation processes of amine-containing single particles in Guangzhou, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157440. [PMID: 35868389 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The formation processes of particulate amines are closely related to their emission sources and secondary reactions, which can be revealed through the investigation of their real-time mixing states in individual particles. The mixing states of methylamine (MA)-, trimethylamine (TMA)-, and diethylamine (DEA)-containing particles were studied using a high-performance single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (HP-SPAMS) in Guangzhou, China, in January 2020. The sharp increase in TMA particles was found to be closely associated with the increase in the ambient relative humidity (RH), while the MA- and DEA-containing particles were not similarly influenced by the changes in the RH. The prominent enrichment of secondary oxygenated organics in DEA particles during the daytime was consistent with the active period of photochemistry, implying that the sharp decrease in DEA particles in the afternoon was likely due to photo-oxidation of the DEA. The number fraction (Nf) of DEA particles, the Nf of the nitrate in the DEA particles, and the abundance of nitrate increased as the NOx content all increased during the nighttime, suggesting that the formation of DEA·HNO3 salt was the dominant pathway of particulate DEA production. These results are consistent with our previous measurements in Nanjing, confirming the general and distinct mixing states of TMA and DEA particles. Positive matrix factorization analysis revealed that the total fraction of the more oxidized organics factor and the less oxidized organics factor were much higher in the DEA particles (26.9 %) than in the TMA particles (9 %), confirming the significant enrichment of oxygenated species in the DEA particles. The different mixing states of the amines revealed the unique response of each type of amine to the same atmospheric environment, and the prominent mixing states of the DEA with secondary oxygenated species suggest the potential role of DEA in tracing the evolution of organic aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi En Zhong
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chunlei Cheng
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Suxia Yang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China; Institute for Environment and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zaihua Wang
- Institute of Resources Utilization and Rare Earth Development, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lijun Yun
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Sulin Liu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liyuan Mao
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhong Fu
- Guangzhou Hexin Analytical Instrument Company Limited, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
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8
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Sipkens TA, Corbin JC, Koukoulas T, Oldershaw A, Lavoie T, Norooz Oliaee J, Liu F, Leroux ID, Smallwood GJ, Lobo P, Green RG. Comparison of measurement systems for assessing number- and mass-based particle filtration efficiency. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2022; 19:629-645. [PMID: 35994755 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2022.2114596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The particle filtration efficiency (PFE) of a respirator or face mask is one of its key properties. While the physics of particle filtration results in the PFE being size-dependent, measurement standards are specified using a single, integrated PFE, for simplicity. This integrated PFE is commonly defined concerning either the number (NPFE) or mass (MPFE) distribution of particles as a function of size. This relationship is non-trivial; it is influenced by both the shape of the particle distribution and the fact that multiple practical definitions of particle size are used. This manuscript discusses the relationship between NPFE and MPFE in detail, providing a guide to practitioners. Our discussion begins with a description of the theory underlying different variants of PFE. We then present experimental results for a database of size-resolved PFE (SPFE) measurements for several thousand candidate respirators and filter media, including filter media with systematically varied properties and commercial samples that span 20%-99.8% MPFE. The observed relationships between NPFE and MPFE are discussed in terms of the most-penetrating particle size (MPPS) and charge state of the media. For the sodium chloride particles used here, we observed that the MPFE was greater than NPFE for charged materials and vice versa for uncharged materials. This relationship is observed because a shift from NPFE to MPFE weights the distribution toward larger sizes, while charged materials shift the MPPS to smaller sizes. Results are validated by comparing the output of a pair of automated filter testers, which are used in gauging standards compliance, to that of MPFE computed from a system capable of measuring SPFE over the 20 nm-500 nm range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Sipkens
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Joel C Corbin
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | | | - Andrew Oldershaw
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Thierry Lavoie
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Jalal Norooz Oliaee
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Fengshan Liu
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Ian D Leroux
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Gregory J Smallwood
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Prem Lobo
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Richard G Green
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
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9
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Toward a molecular understanding of the surface composition of atmospherically relevant organic particles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2209134119. [PMID: 35994653 PMCID: PMC9436373 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209134119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many mass spectrometry methods using various ionization sources provide bulk composition of airborne particles, but little is known about the surface species that play a major role in determining their physicochemical properties that impact air quality, climate, and health. The present work shows that the composition of surface layers of atmospherically relevant submicron organic particles can be probed without the use of an external ionization source. Solid dicarboxylic acid particles are used as models, with glutaric acid being the most efficient at generating ions. Coating with small diacids or products from α-pinene ozonolysis demonstrates that ions are ejected from the surface, providing surface molecular characterization of organic particles on the fly. This unique approach provides a path forward for elucidating the role of the surface in determining chemical and physical properties of particles, including heterogeneous reactions, particle growth, water uptake, and interactions with biological systems.
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10
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A Novel Method for On-Line Characterization of Alkali Release and Thermal Stability of Materials Used in Thermochemical Conversion Processes. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15124365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Alkali metal compounds are released during the thermal conversion of biofuels and fossil fuels and have a major impact on the efficiency of conversion processes. Herein, we describe a novel method for the simultaneous characterization of alkali release and mass loss from materials used in combustion and gasification processes including solid fuels, fluidized bed materials, and catalysts for gas reforming. The method combines the thermogravimetric analysis of selected samples with the on-line measurement of alkali release using a surface ionization detector. The technique builds on the careful treatment of alkali processes during transport from a sample to the downstream alkali monitor including the losses of alkali in the molecular form to hot walls, the formation of nanometer-sized alkali-containing particles during the cooling of exhaust gases, aerosol particle growth, and diffusion losses in sampling tubes. The performance of the setup was demonstrated using biomass samples and fluidized bed material from an industrial process. The emissions of alkali compounds during sample heating and isothermal conditions were determined and related to the simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis. The methodology was concluded to provide new evidence regarding the behavior of alkali in key processes including biomass pyrolysis and gasification and ash interactions with fluidized beds. The implications and further improvements of the technique are discussed.
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11
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Zhou L, Li M, Cheng C, Zhou Z, Nian H, Tang R, Chan CK. Real-time chemical characterization of single ambient particles at a port city in Chinese domestic emission control area - Impacts of ship emissions on urban air quality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:153117. [PMID: 35041959 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The domestic emission control area (DECA) policy has been implemented in China since 2017. However, its impact on ship emissions and in turn urban air quality is still unclear. In this study, real-time single particle measurements were carried out at a site in urban Guangzhou, about 1 km downwind of Huangpu Port, the largest maritime transport hub in southern China, in the summer of 2020 using a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS). During the campaign, the hourly averaged number fraction of ship emitted particles, using vanadium as a chemical indicator, varied from 0 to 14% with an average of 2 ± 1%. Ship emitted single particles contain organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), metals, sulfate and nitrate. More than 95% of ship emitted particles were sulfate-containing particles and the relative peak areas (RPAs) of sulfate and vanadium in the hourly average mass spectra of ship emitted particles were highly correlated (R2 = 0.85), suggesting the potential contribution of ship emissions to sulfate production in coastal cities. The relative abundance of OC and EC-related components in ship emitted particles varied and it was likely attributed to the different blending fluids used in the production of low sulfur fuels. The results from this study provide evidence for evaluating the effectiveness of the current regulations and guidance for future policy-making regarding the low sulfur fuel quality regulation and multiple-component control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhou
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Chunlei Cheng
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huiqing Nian
- Guangzhou Hexin Instrument Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Rongzhi Tang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chak K Chan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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12
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Azov VA, Mueller L, Makarov AA. LASER IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY AT 55: QUO VADIS? MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:100-151. [PMID: 33169900 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Laser ionization mass spectrometry (LIMS) was one of the first practical methods developed for in situ analysis of the surfaces of solid samples. This review will encompass several aspects related to this analytical method. First, we will discuss the process of laser ionization, the influence of the laser type on its performance, and imaging capabilities of this method. In the second chapter, we will follow the historic development of LIMS instrumentation. After a brief overview of the first-generation instruments developed in 1960-1990 years, we will discuss in detail more recent designs, which appeared during the last 2-3 decades. In the last part of our review, we will cover the recent applications of LIMS for surface analysis. These applications include various types of analyses of solid inorganic, organic, and heterogeneous samples, often in combination with depth profiling and imaging capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Azov
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | - Alexander A Makarov
- Thermo Fisher Scientific GmbH, Bremen, Germany
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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Hsiao CJ, Özdemir A, Lin JL, Chen CH. Portable particle mass spectrometer. Analyst 2022; 147:2644-2654. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00399f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In situ and real-time analysis of airborne particulate matter mass distributions using portable particle mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jen Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Abdil Özdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, Esentepe, 54187 Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Jung-Lee Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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14
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Application of Single-Particle Mass Spectrometer to Obtain Chemical Signatures of Various Combustion Aerosols. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111580. [PMID: 34770093 PMCID: PMC8583169 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A single-particle mass spectrometer (SPMS) with laser ionization was constructed to determine the chemical composition of single particles in real time. The technique was evaluated using various polystyrene latex particles with different sizes (125 nm, 300 nm, 700 nm, and 1000 nm); NaCl, KCl, MgCO3, CaCO3, and Al2O3 particles with different chemical compositions; an internal mixture of NaCl and KCl; and an internal mixture of NaCl, KCl, and MgCl2 with different mixing states. The results show that the SPMS can be useful for the determination of chemical characteristics and mixing states of single particles in real time. The SPMS was then applied to obtain the chemical signatures of various combustion aerosols (diesel engine exhaust, biomass burning (rice straw), coal burning, and cooking (pork)) based on their single-particle mass spectra. Elemental carbon (EC)-rich and EC-organic carbon (OC) particles were the predominant particle types identified in diesel engine exhaust, while K-rich and EC-OC-K particles were observed among rice straw burning emissions. Only one particle type (ash-rich particles) was detected among coal burning emissions. EC-rich and EC-OC particles were observed among pork burning particles. The single-particle mass spectra of the EC or OC types of particles differed among various combustion sources. The observed chemical signatures could be useful for rapidly identifying sources of atmospheric fine particles. In addition, the detected chemical signatures of the fine particles may be used to estimate their toxicity and to better understand their effects on human health.
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15
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Su B, Zhang G, Zhuo Z, Xie Q, Du X, Fu Y, Wu S, Huang F, Bi X, Li X, Li L, Zhou Z. Different characteristics of individual particles from light-duty diesel vehicle at the launching and idling state by AAC-SPAMS. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126304. [PMID: 34329016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of cities and economic prosperity greatly motivates the growth of vehicular exhaust particles, especially the diesel-exhausted particles from the large fleet of passenger and freight, which present profound implications on climate, air quality, and biological health (e.g., pulmonary, autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases). As important physiochemical properties of atmospheric aerosols, however, the mixing state and effective density of individual particles emitted from diesel-powered vehicles under different driving conditions and their environmental implications remain uncertain. Here, a single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) was used to investigate the chemical composition and vacuum aerodynamic diameter (Dva), along with the aerodynamic diameter (Da) from an aerodynamic aerosol classifier (AAC), to determine the effective density of primary particles emitted from a light- duty diesel vehicle (LDDV) under the launching and idling engine states. Interestingly, the particle types and effective density appear to vary significantly with the engine status. A single particle type of Ca-rich particles, named Na-Ca-PAH, was predominant in the idling state, whose chemical components may be affected by the lubricants and incomplete combustion, contributing to a higher effective density (0.66 ± 0.21 g cm-3). In contrast, launching particles exhibited a lower effective density (0.34 ± 0.17 g cm-3) because of the substantial elemental carbon (EC). In addition, the effective density depends not only on the particle size but also on the chemical components with various abundances. EC and Ca play opposite roles in the effective density of LDDV emissions. Notably, a higher proportion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was observed in the idling particles, contributing to 78 ± 1.2%. Given the high contribution to these PAH-containing particles in the idling state, indispensable precautions should be taken at bus stops or waiting for pedestrians. This study provides more comprehensive insights into the initial characteristics of LDDV particles due to the launching and idling states, which is beneficial for improving the model results of source apportionment and understanding its environmental behavior regarding human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojiang Su
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Zeming Zhuo
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Qinhui Xie
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Xubing Du
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - YuZhen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Si Wu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Fugui Huang
- Guangzhou Hexin Analytical Instrument Limited Company, Guangzhou 510530, PR China
| | - Xinhui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
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16
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Kohli RK, Davies JF. Measuring the Chemical Evolution of Levitated Particles: A Study on the Evaporation of Multicomponent Organic Aerosol. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12472-12479. [PMID: 34455787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Single-particle levitation methods provide an effective platform for probing the physical properties of atmospheric aerosol via micrometer-sized particles. Until recently, chemical composition measurements on levitated particles were limited to spectroscopy, yielding only basic chemical information. Here, we describe, benchmark, and discuss the applications of an approach for probing the physical properties and chemical composition of single levitated particles using high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS). Using a linear quadrupole electrodynamic balance (LQ-EDB) coupled to paper spray mass spectrometry, we report accurate measurements of the evolving size within 5 nm (using broadband light scattering) and relative composition (using MS) of evaporating multicomponent levitated particles in real time. Measurements of the evaporation dynamics of semivolatile organic particles containing a range of n-ethylene glycols (n = 3, 4, and 6) in various binary and ternary mixtures were made under dry conditions and compared with predictions from a gas-phase diffusion evaporation model. Under assumptions of ideal mixing, excellent agreement for both size and composition evolution between measurements and models were obtained for these mixtures. At increased relative humidity, the presence of water in particles causes the assumption of ideality to break down, and the evaporative mass flux becomes a function of the mole fraction and activity coefficient. Through compositionally resolved evaporation measurements and thermodynamic models, we characterize the activity of organic components in multicomponent particles. Our results demonstrate that the LQ-EDB-MS platform can identify time-dependent size and compositional changes with high precision and reproducibility, yielding an effective methodology for future studies on chemical aging and gas-particle partitioning in suspended particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravleen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - James F Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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17
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Han SS, Jeong YS, Choi SK. Current Scenario and Challenges in the Direct Identification of Microorganisms Using MALDI TOF MS. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091917. [PMID: 34576812 PMCID: PMC8466008 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MALDI TOF MS-based microbial identification significantly lowers the operational costs because of minimal requirements of substrates and reagents for extraction. Therefore, it has been widely used in varied applications such as clinical, food, military, and ecological research. However, the MALDI TOF MS method is laced with many challenges including its limitation of the reference spectrum. This review briefly introduces the background of MALDI TOF MS technology, including sample preparation and workflow. We have primarily discussed the application of MALDI TOF MS in the identification of microorganisms. Furthermore, we have discussed the current trends for bioaerosol detection using MALDI TOF MS and the limitations and challenges involved, and finally the approaches to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Soo Han
- Advanced Defense Science & Technology Research Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea;
| | - Young-Su Jeong
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-821-4843; Fax: +82-42-823-3400
| | - Sun-Kyung Choi
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea;
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18
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A new method to measure the concentration of argon–xenon gas mixture. RADIATION DETECTION TECHNOLOGY AND METHODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41605-021-00240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Wang F, Yu H, Wang Z, Liang W, Shi G, Gao J, Li M, Feng Y. Review of online source apportionment research based on observation for ambient particulate matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:144095. [PMID: 33360453 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter source apportionment (SA) is the basis and premise for preventing and controlling haze pollution scientifically and effectively. Traditional offline SA methods lack the capability of handling the rapid changing pollution sources during heavy air pollution periods. With the development of multiple online observation techniques, online SA of particulate matter can now be realized with high temporal resolution, stable and reliable continuous observation data on particle compositions. Here, we start with a summary of online measuring instruments for monitoring particulate matters that contains both online mass concentration (online MC) measurement, and online mass spectrometric (online MS) techniques. The former technique collects ambient particulate matter onto filter membrane and measures the concentrations of chemical components in the particulate matter subsequently. The latter technique could be further divided into two categories: bulk measurement and single particle measurement. Aerosol Mass Spectrometers (AMS) could provide mass spectral information of chemical components of non-refractory aerosols, especially organic aerosols. While the emergence of single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) technology can provide large number of high time resolution data for online source resolution. This is closely followed by an overview of the methods and results of SA. However, online instruments are still facing challenges, such as abnormal or missing measurements, that could impact the accuracy of online dataset. Machine leaning algorithm are suited for processing the large amount of online observation data, which could be further considered. In addition, the key research challenges and future directions are presented including the integration of online dataset from different online instruments, the ensemble-trained source apportionment approach, and the quantification of source-category-specific human health risk based on online instrumentation and SA methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Haofei Yu
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Weiqing Liang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Guoliang Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 10084, China.
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollution Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yinchang Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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20
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Multidimensional Analytical Characterization of Water-Soluble Organic Aerosols: Challenges and New Perspectives. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11062539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble organic aerosols (OA) are an important component of air particles and one of the key drivers that impact both climate and human health. Understanding the processes involving water-soluble OA depends on how well the chemical composition of this aerosol component is decoded. Yet, obtaining detailed information faces several challenges, including water-soluble OA collection, extraction, and chemical complexity. This review highlights the multidimensional non-targeted analytical strategies that have been developed and employed for providing new insights into the structural and molecular features of water-soluble organic components present in air particles. First, the most prominent high-resolution mass spectrometric methods for near real-time measurements of water-soluble OA and their limitations are discussed. Afterward, a special emphasis is given to the degree of compositional information provided by offline multidimensional analytical techniques, namely excitation–emission (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and their hyphenation with chromatographic systems. The major challenges ahead on the application of these multidimensional analytical strategies for OA research are also addressed so that they can be used advantageously in future studies.
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21
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Arndt J, Healy RM, Setyan A, Flament P, Deboudt K, Riffault V, Alleman LY, Mbengue S, Wenger JC. Characterization and source apportionment of single particles from metalworking activities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116078. [PMID: 33243539 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Industrial metalworking facilities emit a variety of air toxics including volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals. In order to investigate these emissions, a 1-month multi-instrument field campaign was undertaken at an industrial site in Grande-Synthe, Dunkirk (France), in May and June 2012. One of the main objectives of the study was to provide new information on the chemical composition of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in the vicinity of metalworking facilities. An aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was deployed to provide size-resolved chemical mixing state measurements of ambient single particles at high temporal resolution. This mixing state information was then used to apportion PM2.5 to local metalworking facilities influencing the receptor site. Periods when the site was influenced by metalworking sources were characterised by a pronounced increase in particles containing toxic metals (manganese, iron, lead) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with a variety of chemical mixing states. The association of specific particle classes with a nearby ferromanganese alloy manufacturing plant was confirmed through comparison with previous analysis of raw materials (ores) and chimney filter particle samples collected at the facility. Particles associated with emissions from a nearby steelworks were also identified. The contribution of local metalworking activities to PM2.5 at the receptor site for the period when the ATOFMS was deployed ranged from 1 to 65% with an average contribution of 17%, while the remaining mass was attributed to other local and regional sources. These findings demonstrate the impact of metalworking facilities on air quality downwind and provide useful single particle signatures for future source apportionment studies in communities impacted by metalworking emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovanna Arndt
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Robert M Healy
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ari Setyan
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de L'Atmosphère, Université Du Littoral Côte D'Opale, EA 4493-CNRS, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Pascal Flament
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de L'Atmosphère, Université Du Littoral Côte D'Opale, EA 4493-CNRS, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Karine Deboudt
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de L'Atmosphère, Université Du Littoral Côte D'Opale, EA 4493-CNRS, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Véronique Riffault
- IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Lille, SAGE - Sciences de L'Atmosphère et Génie de L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Y Alleman
- IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Lille, SAGE - Sciences de L'Atmosphère et Génie de L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Saliou Mbengue
- IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Lille, SAGE - Sciences de L'Atmosphère et Génie de L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - John C Wenger
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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22
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Plaas HE, Paerl HW. Toxic Cyanobacteria: A Growing Threat to Water and Air Quality. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:44-64. [PMID: 33334098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The global expansion of harmful cyanobacterial blooms (CyanoHABs) poses an increasing threat to public health. CyanoHABs are characterized by the production of toxic metabolites known as cyanotoxins. Human exposure to cyanotoxins is challenging to forecast, and perhaps the least understood exposure route is via inhalation. While the aerosolization of toxins from marine harmful algal blooms (HABs) has been well documented, the aerosolization of cyanotoxins in freshwater systems remains understudied. In recent years, spray aerosol (SA) produced in the airshed of the Laurentian Great Lakes (United States and Canada) has been characterized, suggesting that freshwater systems may impact atmospheric aerosol loading more than previously understood. Therefore, further investigation regarding the impact of CyanoHABs on human respiratory health is warranted. This review examines current research on the incorporation of cyanobacterial cells and cyanotoxins into SA of aquatic ecosystems which experience HABs. We present an overview of cyanotoxin fate in the environment, biological incorporation into SA, existing data on cyanotoxins in SA, relevant collection methods, and adverse health outcomes associated with cyanotoxin inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E Plaas
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, NC 28557, United States
| | - Hans W Paerl
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, NC 28557, United States
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23
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Evans-Nguyen KM, Rivera A, Fontanez-Adames J, Li F, Musselman B. Solvent-free, Noncontact Electrostatic Sampling for Rapid Analysis with Mass Spectrometry: Application to Drugs and Explosives. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:2237-2242. [PMID: 33107742 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A hand-held Van de Graaf generator is used to apply a high voltage, negligible current electrostatic potential to a wire mesh positioned in close proximity to a particle-laden surface in order to collect those particles for analysis. The electrostatic field effects transfer particles to the mesh without a requirement for mechanical contact between mesh and surface. Analysis of chemicals present in the sampled particles is completed by thermal desorption electrospray ionization. The utility of the method for noncontact sampling is demonstrated using solid drug powder samples, and inorganic explosives dispersed either on solid surfaces or in sand/soil in order to simulate common interfering matrices that might be encountered in the forensic environment. A metal mesh sampling substrate is utilized instead of traditional polymer-based swabs in order to permit thermal desorption at higher temperatures. The method leaves no visible trace of sampling leaving details such as a fingerprint image unperturbed, as demonstrated using fluorescence photography. Direct sampling of trace particles from hard surfaces and skin documents flexibility in the choice of sampling substrates, desorption temperatures, and sampling times. The potential of the device for use in forensic analyses is detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenyon M Evans-Nguyen
- The Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, The University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida 33606, United States
| | - Amanda Rivera
- The Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, The University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida 33606, United States
| | - Jannelys Fontanez-Adames
- The Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, The University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida 33606, United States
| | - Frederick Li
- Ionsense, Inc., Saugus, Massachussetts 01906, United States
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24
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Sabbah H, Commodo M, Picca F, De Falco G, Minutolo P, D’Anna A, Joblin C. Molecular content of nascent soot: Family characterization using two-step laser desorption laser ionization mass spectrometry. PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE. INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMBUSTION 2020; 38:1241-1248. [PMID: 33850480 PMCID: PMC7610591 DOI: 10.1016/j.proci.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecules constituting nascent soot particles have been analyzed by two-step laser desorption laser ionization mass spectrometry. Three samples have been collected from a slightly sooting ethylene/air premixed flame with the aim to investigate soot composition in the transition from nucleated to just-grown soot particles. Sampling locations have been selected based on the evolution of the particle size distribution along the flame axis. The mass spectrometric results point to a strong evolution of the molecular composition. Just-nucleated soot is rich in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) dominated by medium sizes from 18 to 40 carbon atoms but containing sizes as large as 90 carbon atoms. Most abundant PAHs are in the form of peri-condensed structures. The presence of a large fraction of odd numbered carbon species shows that pentagonal cycles are a common feature of the detected population. Increasing the distance from the burner outlet, i.e., the particle residence time in flame, leads to an evolution of the chemical composition of this population with a major contribution of carbon clusters including also fullerenes up to about 160 carbon atoms. Our data support a scenario in which large PAHs containing pentagonal rings evolve very efficiently upon thermal processing by a series of dehydrogenation and isomerization processes to form fullerenes. This chemistry happens in the early steps of soot growth showing that carbonization is already active at this stage. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sabbah
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie
(IRAP), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, CNES, 9 Av. du Colonel Roche,
31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Mario Commodo
- Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione, CNR, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125
Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Picca
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione
Industriale - Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80,
80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianluigi De Falco
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione
Industriale - Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80,
80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Patrizia Minutolo
- Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione, CNR, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125
Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea D’Anna
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione
Industriale - Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80,
80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Christine Joblin
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie
(IRAP), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, CNES, 9 Av. du Colonel Roche,
31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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25
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Willis MD, Rovelli G, Wilson KR. Combining Mass Spectrometry of Picoliter Samples with a Multicompartment Electrodynamic Trap for Probing the Chemistry of Droplet Arrays. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11943-11952. [PMID: 32786501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Single droplet levitation provides contactless access to the microphysical and chemical properties of micrometer-sized samples. Most applications of droplet levitation to chemical and biological systems use nondestructive optical techniques to probe droplet properties. To provide improved chemical specificity, we coupled a multicompartment quadrupole electrodynamic trap (QET) with single droplet mass spectrometry. Our QET continuously traps a monodisperse droplet population (tens to hundreds of droplets) and allows for the simultaneous sizing of a single droplet using its Mie scattering pattern. Single droplets are subsequently ejected into the ionization region of an ambient pressure inlet mass spectrometer. We optimized two complementary soft ionization techniques for picoliter aqueous droplets: (1) paper spray (PS) ionization and (2) thermal desorption glow discharge (TDGD) ionization. Both techniques detect oxygenated organic acids in single droplets, with signal-to-noise ratios >100 and detection limits on the order of 10 pg. Sensitivity and reproducibility across single droplets are driven by the droplet deposition location and spray stability in PS-MS and the ionization region humidity and analyte evaporation rate in TDGD-MS. Importantly, the analyte evaporation rate can control the TDGD-MS quantitative capability because high evaporation rates result in significant ion suppression. This effect is mitigated by optimizing the vaporization temperature, droplet size range, and analyte volatility. We demonstrate quantitative and reproducible measurements with a droplet internal standard (<10% RSD) and compare the sensitivity of PS-MS and TDGD-MS. Finally, we demonstrate the application of QET-MS to the study of heterogeneous chemical kinetics with the reaction of gas phase O3 and aqueous maleic acid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan D Willis
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Grazia Rovelli
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin R Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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26
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Klyta J, Czaplicka M. Determination of secondary organic aerosol in particulate matter – Short review. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Open questions on the chemical composition of airborne particles. Commun Chem 2020; 3:108. [PMID: 36703388 PMCID: PMC9814933 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00347-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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28
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Lee CP, Riva M, Wang D, Tomaz S, Li D, Perrier S, Slowik JG, Bourgain F, Schmale J, Prevot ASH, Baltensperger U, George C, El Haddad I. Online Aerosol Chemical Characterization by Extractive Electrospray Ionization-Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (EESI-Orbitrap). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:3871-3880. [PMID: 32146813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Current mass spectrometry techniques for the online measurement of organic aerosol (OA) composition are subjected to either thermal/ionization-induced artifacts or limited mass resolving power, hindering accurate molecular characterization. Here, we combined the soft ionization capability of extractive electrospray ionization (EESI) and the ultrahigh mass resolution of Orbitrap for real-time, near-molecular characterization of OAs. Detection limits as low as tens of ng m-3 with linearity up to hundreds of μg m-3 at 0.2 Hz time resolution were observed for single- and mixed-component calibrations. The performance of the EESI-Orbitrap system was further evaluated with laboratory-generated secondary OAs (SOAs) and filter extracts of ambient particulate matter. The high mass accuracy and resolution (140 000 at m/z 200) of the EESI-Orbitrap system enable unambiguous identification of the aerosol components' molecular composition and allow a clear separation between adjacent peaks, which would be significantly overlapping if a medium-resolution (20 000) mass analyzer was used. Furthermore, the tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) capability provides valuable insights into the compound structure. For instance, the MS2 analysis of ambient OA samples and lab-generated biogenic SOAs points to specific SOA precursors in ambient air among a range of possible isomers based on fingerprint fragment ions. Overall, this newly developed and characterized EESI-Orbitrap system will advance our understanding of the formation and evolution of atmospheric aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Ping Lee
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Riva
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Dongyu Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Tomaz
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Dandan Li
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sebastien Perrier
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jay G Slowik
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Bourgain
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julia Schmale
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andre S H Prevot
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Christian George
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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29
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Walhout EQ, Dorn SE, Martens J, Berden G, Oomens J, Cheong PHY, Kroll JH, O'Brien RE. Infrared Ion Spectroscopy of Environmental Organic Mixtures: Probing the Composition of α-Pinene Secondary Organic Aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:7604-7612. [PMID: 31184875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the chemical composition of organic aerosols can elucidate aging mechanisms as well as the chemical and physical properties of the aerosol. However, the high chemical complexity and often low atmospheric abundance present a difficult analytical challenge. Milligrams or more of material may be needed for speciated spectroscopic analysis. In contrast, mass spectrometry provides a very sensitive platform but limited structural information. Here, we combine the strengths of mass spectrometry and infrared (IR) action spectroscopy to generate characteristic IR spectra of individual, mass-isolated ion populations. Soft ionization combined with in situ infrared ion spectroscopy, using the tunable free-electron laser FELIX, provides detailed information on molecular structures and functional groups. We apply this technique, along with quantum mechanical modeling, to characterize organic molecules in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from the ozonolysis of α-pinene. Spectral overlap with a standard is used to identify cis-pinonic acid. We also demonstrate the characterization of isomers for multiple SOA products using both quantum mechanical computations and analyses of fragment ion spectra. These results demonstrate the detailed structural information on isolated ions obtained by combining mass spectrometry with fingerprint IR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Q Walhout
- Department of Chemistry , College of William and Mary , Williamsburg , Virginia 23185 , United States
| | - Shelby E Dorn
- Department of Chemistry , Oregon State University , 153 Gilbert Hall , Corvallis , Oregon 97331-4003 , United States
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory , Toernooiveld 7c , 6525ED Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory , Toernooiveld 7c , 6525ED Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory , Toernooiveld 7c , 6525ED Nijmegen , The Netherlands
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , University of Amsterdam , 1098XH Amsterdam , Science Park 908 , The Netherlands
| | - Paul H-Y Cheong
- Department of Chemistry , Oregon State University , 153 Gilbert Hall , Corvallis , Oregon 97331-4003 , United States
| | - Jesse H Kroll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Rachel E O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry , College of William and Mary , Williamsburg , Virginia 23185 , United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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30
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Schade J, Passig J, Irsig R, Ehlert S, Sklorz M, Adam T, Li C, Rudich Y, Zimmermann R. Spatially Shaped Laser Pulses for the Simultaneous Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as well as Positive and Negative Inorganic Ions in Single Particle Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10282-10288. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schade
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Passig
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group ‘Comprehensive Molecular Analytics’ (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert Irsig
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Photonion GmbH, 19061 Schwerin, Germany
| | | | - Martin Sklorz
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group ‘Comprehensive Molecular Analytics’ (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Adam
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group ‘Comprehensive Molecular Analytics’ (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Bundeswehr University Munich, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group ‘Comprehensive Molecular Analytics’ (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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31
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Johnston MV, Kerecman DE. Molecular Characterization of Atmospheric Organic Aerosol by Mass Spectrometry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2019; 12:247-274. [PMID: 30901261 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061516-045135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosol, particulate matter suspended in the air we breathe, exerts a strong impact on our health and the environment. Controlling the amount of particulate matter in air is difficult, as there are many ways particles can form by both natural and anthropogenic processes. We gain insight into the sources of particulate matter through chemical composition measurements. A substantial portion of atmospheric aerosol is organic, and this organic matter is exceedingly complex on a molecular scale, encompassing hundreds to thousands of individual compounds that distribute between the gas and particle phases. Because of this complexity, no single analytical technique is sufficient. However, mass spectrometry plays a crucial role owing to its combination of high sensitivity and molecular specificity. This review surveys the various ways mass spectrometry is used to characterize atmospheric organic aerosol at a molecular level, tracing these methods from inception to current practice, with emphasis on current and emerging areas of research. Both offline and online approaches are covered, and molecular measurements with them are discussed in the context of identifying sources and elucidating the underlying chemical mechanisms of particle formation. There is an ongoing need to improve existing techniques and develop new ones if we are to further advance our knowledge of how to mitigate the unwanted health and environmental impacts of particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray V Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA;
| | - Devan E Kerecman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA;
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32
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Wang Y, Chen J, Wang Q, Qin Q, Ye J, Han Y, Li L, Zhen W, Zhi Q, Zhang Y, Cao J. Increased secondary aerosol contribution and possible processing on polluted winter days in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:78-84. [PMID: 30909096 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
China experiences severe particulate pollution, especially in winter, and determining the characteristics of particulate matter (PM) during pollution events is imperative for understanding the sources and causes of the pollution. However, inconsistencies have been found in the aerosol composition, sources and secondary processing among reported studies. Modern meta-analysis was used to probe the PM chemical characteristics and processing in winter at four representative regions of China, and the first finding was that secondary aerosol formation was the major effect factor for PM pollution. The secondary inorganic species behaved differently in the four regions: sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium increased in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) and Guanzhong (GZ) areas, but only nitrate increased in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and Yangtze River Delta (YRD) regions. The increased production of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was probably caused by aqueous-phase processing in the GZ and BTH regions and by photochemical reactions in the PRD. Finally, we suggest future AMS/ACSM observations should focus on the aerosol characteristics in rural areas in winter in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Wang
- College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, BlichersAllé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Quande Qin
- College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Jianhuai Ye
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yuemei Han
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wei Zhen
- College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qiang Zhi
- School of Government Administration, Central University of Finance and Economics, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China.
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33
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Liu JM, Du ZY, Liang LL, Yu QQ, Shen GF, Ma YL, Zheng M, Cheng Y, He KB. Uncertainties in thermal-optical measurements of black carbon: Insights from source and ambient samples. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:239-249. [PMID: 30504024 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) is important due to its complex influences on the environment and on climate in particular. However, reported BC data are largely dependent on measurement techniques due to the multitude of measurement principles. Here we focused on thermal-optical method which has been widely used to determine BC mass (as elemental carbon, EC). Several factors influencing EC measurement were investigated. Results from source samples representing vehicle engine emissions pointed to a continuum of EC components in thermal stability and provided direct observational evidence for the premature evolution of EC in inert atmosphere. It was also found that EC masses may be substantially underestimated for the vehicle exhaust samples if the adopted protocol requires an oxidizing atmosphere to define the split point between organic carbon (OC) and EC. Results from a field campaign conducted during winter in Beijing showed that the optical attenuation (ATN; i.e., the filter transmittance signal, I) was largely saturated for the samples with relatively high loadings, indicating their EC results were unreliable. Improved measurement of EC was achieved by extracting these heavily loaded filters using methanol, given that ATN was considerably reduced by the extraction and, moreover, saturation of ATN (or I) became not evident for the extracted samples. The methanol extraction also significantly reduced the transformation of OC to char-OC, by removing the majority (i.e., ~85%) of the deposited organic aerosols. Higher EC were measured for the extracted samples compared with the untreated ones, indicating that EC tends to be underestimated due to the charring-induced uncertainties. In addition, the methanol extraction largely reduced the inter-protocol discrepancy in the EC measurement results. Similar effects of methanol extraction have been observed during summer in Beijing, despite the seasonal variations of aerosol sources and compositions. This study indicates the potential benefits of methanol extraction for EC measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Meng Liu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Lin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qin-Qin Yu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Guo-Feng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Liang Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Ke-Bin He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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34
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Farmer DK. Analytical Challenges and Opportunities For Indoor Air Chemistry Field Studies. Anal Chem 2019; 91:3761-3767. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine K. Farmer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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35
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Xu L, Wu X, Hong Z, Zhang Y, Deng J, Hong Y, Chen J. Composition, mixing state, and size distribution of single submicron particles during pollution episodes in a coastal city in southeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:1464-1473. [PMID: 30426379 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3469-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Size-resolved particle composition, size distribution, and mixing state were characterized at the single-particle level during two air pollution episodes during 12-25 January, 2016 in a coastal city in southeast China. The two pollution episodes occurred under distinct meteorological conditions (i.e., different wind speeds, relative humidity, and backward trajectories); thus, they were assigned to stagnation and transport episodes, respectively. Single-particle data, obtained from single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS), showed that carbonaceous particles were the predominant particles during the whole study period, accounting for more than 60% of the total particles. However, the number fractions of carbonaceous particles and nitrate-containing particles significantly increased in the stagnation episode, while the number fractions of sulfate- and ammonium-containing particles both increased in the transport episode compared to the levels over the whole study period. The potassium-rich (K-rich) particle class was more abundant and more strongly mixed with sulfate in the transport episode, which indicates the impact of biomass burning emissions and the subsequent aging process by acquiring sulfate during transport. The particle classes (e.g., carbonaceous and K-rich classes) had a broader size distribution during the pollution episodes than during the clean episode. The diameters of the size distribution peak for all particle classes (except for dust class) were observed to be larger in the transport episode than in the stagnation episode. This suggests that the particles underwent an extensive aging process through the addition of sulfate and ammonium during transport, leading to the growth of particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Xu
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Xin Wu
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenyu Hong
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junjun Deng
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Youwei Hong
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jinsheng Chen
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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36
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Wingen LM, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Probing surfaces of atmospherically relevant organic particles by easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS). Chem Sci 2018; 10:884-897. [PMID: 30774883 PMCID: PMC6346289 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03851a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
EASI-MS is a promising technique for probing the chemical structures of inhomogeneous airborne organic particles.
Both ambient and laboratory-generated particles can have a surface composition different from the bulk, but there are currently few analytical techniques available to probe these differences. Easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS) was applied to solid, laboratory-generated particles with core–shell morphologies formed from a variety of dicarboxylic acids. The soft ionization facilitated parent peak detection for the two compounds, from which the depth probed could be determined from the relative signal intensities. Two different configurations of a custom-made nebulizer are reported that yield different probe depths. In the “orthogonal mode,” with the nebulizer ∼10 centimeters away from the particle stream and at a 90° angle to the MS inlet, evaporation of the nebulizer droplets forms ions before interaction with the particles. The probe depth for orthogonal mode EASI-MS is shown to be 2–4 nm in these particle systems. In the “droplet mode”, the nebulizer and particle streams are in close proximity to each other and the MS inlet so that the particles interact with charged liquid droplets. This configuration resulted in full dissolution of the particles and gives particle composition similar to that from collection on filters and extraction of the particles (bulk). These studies establish that EASI-MS is a promising technique for probing the chemical structures of inhomogeneous airborne organic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Wingen
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Irvine , Irvine , CA 92697-2025 , USA . ; Tel: +1-949-824-7670
| | - B J Finlayson-Pitts
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Irvine , Irvine , CA 92697-2025 , USA . ; Tel: +1-949-824-7670
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37
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Li L, Liu L, Xu L, Li M, Li X, Gao W, Huang Z, Cheng P. Improvement in the Mass Resolution of Single Particle Mass Spectrometry Using Delayed Ion Extraction. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:2105-2109. [PMID: 30105739 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A specific delayed ion extraction (DIE) technique, which combines a standard rectangular extraction pulse with an exponential pulse, was introduced for a single particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) instrument, and it can focus ions in a wide mass range and results in a mass resolution improvement for the mass range of the studied ions. The experimental results indicate that the average mass resolution for positive ions is about 1000 when the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) is greater than 70, and for negative ions, when the m/z is greater than 70, the average resolution can reach 2000. The highest mass resolutions achieved so far are 1260 for positive ions and 2400 for negative ions for SPMS, which are very beneficial for mass peak interpretation and chemical compound identification. The primary applications for atmospheric particle measurements show that the high mass resolution of SPMS with the DIE technique is very beneficial for the analysis of carbon and metallic element containing particles, and 39K+ with C3H3+ and 41K+ and C3H5+ in organic particles were successfully differentiated using SPMS. The results indicate that SPMS with DIE technique can significantly ease mass peak interpretation and improve the mass assignment ability during analysis. Furthermore, existing SPMS instruments can be improved by a facile retrofitting process to implement the DIE technique. Graphical Abstract The delayed ion extraction method shows a great mass resolution improvement for single particle mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhengxu Huang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Ping Cheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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38
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Gundlach-Graham A, Hendriks L, Mehrabi K, Günther D. Monte Carlo Simulation of Low-Count Signals in Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Its Application to Single-Particle Detection. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11847-11855. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gundlach-Graham
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lyndsey Hendriks
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kamyar Mehrabi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Detlef Günther
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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39
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Chen Y, Liu H, Yang F, Zhang S, Li W, Shi G, Wang H, Tian M, Liu S, Huang R, Wang Q, Wang P, Cao J. Single particle characterization of summertime particles in Xi'an (China). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:1279-1290. [PMID: 29913590 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Urban particles in Xi'an during summertime were investigated using a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS). Twelve major particle types were resolved, including EC-Sul-Nit (-Sul stands for sulfate, -Nit for nitrate, and 25% in number fraction), EC(6%), EC-Nit (12%) and, EC-Sul (8%), mixed Elemental and Organic Carbon-Sul-Nit (9%), ECOC-Sul (8%), K-Nit (12%), OC (8%), NaK-Nit (5%), Fe-Nit (5%), Ca-Nit (1%), and Other (1%). Among these particle types, chemical composition, mixing state, and wind-dependent analyses were conducted to investigate their originations and sources. During summertime, traffic-related particles were up to 83% in the SPAMS dataset. Two major originations of urban particles were identified, including the local aging and short-distance transport mainly from the southeast. Size-resolved relative acidity ((sulfate + nitrate) / ammonium) analysis suggested that urban particles were more acidic with an aerodynamic diameter < 0.8 μm. In diurnal cycle, the strongest relative aerosol acidity occurred between 7:00 and 9:00 in the morning when relative humidity was between 60 and 70%, and the weakest acidity occurred from 13:00-15:00. Among all major particle types, OC and K-Nit had stronger relative aerosol acidity than other types. Mixing state analysis indicated that the organic semi-volatile vapor is favorable to condense on the OC-related particles (OC, ECOC-Sul, and ECOC-Sul-Nit) as evidence that primary organic aerosol (POA) would enhance the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation via gas-to-particle phase partitioning when SOA and POA are miscible. Oxalate also tends to be observed in the droplet of OC-related particles. In addition, the enrichment of oxalate was observed in Fe-Nit particles. This study would be useful to understand the characterization, mixing state, source, origination, and processing of urban particles during summertime in Xi'an as well as the urban areas in the Guanzhong Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Huanwu Liu
- Xi'an Environmental Monitor Station, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Fumo Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Shumin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Xi'an Environmental Monitor Station, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guangming Shi
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Huanbo Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Mi Tian
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Rujin Huang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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40
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Irimiea C, Faccinetto A, Carpentier Y, Ortega IK, Nuns N, Therssen E, Desgroux P, Focsa C. A comprehensive protocol for chemical analysis of flame combustion emissions by secondary ion mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1015-1025. [PMID: 29603796 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is used to provide detailed information on the surface chemical composition of soot. An analytical protocol is proposed and tested on a laboratory flame, and the results are compared with our previous measurements provided by two-step laser mass spectrometry (L2MS). METHODS This work details: (1) the development of a dedicated apparatus to sample combustion products from atmospheric flames and deposit them on substrates suitable for TOF-SIMS analysis; (2) the choice of the deposition substrate and the material of the sampling line, and their effect on the mass spectra; (3) a method to separate the contributions of soot and condensable gas based on impact deposition; and finally (4) post-acquisition data processing. RESULTS Compounds produced during flame combustion are detected on the surface of different deposition substrates and attributed a molecular formula based on mass defect analysis. Silicon and titanium wafers perform similarly, while the surface roughness of glass microfiber filters results in a reduced mass resolution. The mass spectra obtained from the analysis of different locations of the deposits obtained by impaction show characteristic patterns that are attributed to soot/condensable gas. CONCLUSIONS A working method for the analysis of soot samples and the extraction of useful data from mass spectra is proposed. This protocol should help to avoid common experimental issues like sample contamination, while optimizing the setup performance by maximizing the achievable mass resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Irimiea
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A - Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Alessandro Faccinetto
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A - Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, Lille, France
| | - Yvain Carpentier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Nicolas Nuns
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 2638, Institut M.E. Chevreul, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Eric Therssen
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A - Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, Lille, France
| | - Pascale Desgroux
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A - Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, Lille, France
| | - Cristian Focsa
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, F-59000, Lille, France
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41
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Zuth C, Vogel AL, Ockenfeld S, Huesmann R, Hoffmann T. Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry in Real Time: Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry of Atmospheric Organic Aerosol. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8816-8823. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Zuth
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Alexander L. Vogel
- Laboratory for Environmental Chemistry & Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Sara Ockenfeld
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Regina Huesmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55128, Germany
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42
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Blair SL, Ng NL, Zambrzycki SC, Li A, Fernández FM. Aerosol Vacuum-Assisted Plasma Ionization (Aero-VaPI) Coupled to Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:635-639. [PMID: 29404968 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this communication, we report on the real-time analysis of organic aerosol particles by Vacuum-assisted Plasma Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (Aero-VaPI-MS) using a home-built VaPI ion source coupled to a Synapt G2-S HDMS ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) system. Standards of organic molecules of interest in prebiotic chemistry were used to generate aerosols. Monocaprin and decanoic acid aerosol particles were successfully detected in both the positive and negative ion modes, respectively. A complex aerosol mixture of different sizes of polymers of L-malic acid was also examined through ion mobility (IM) separations, resulting in the detection of polymers of up to eight monomeric units. This noncommercial plasma ion source is proposed as a low cost alternative to other plasma ionization platforms used for aerosol analysis, and a higher-performance alternative to more traditional aerosol mass spectrometers. VaPI provides robust online ionization of organics in aerosols without extensive ion activation, with the coupling to IM-MS providing higher peak capacity and excellent mass accuracy. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Blair
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nga L Ng
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen C Zambrzycki
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anyin Li
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Facundo M Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sergey A Nizkorodov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697, United States
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44
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Wang J, Zhang Q, Chen M, Collier S, Zhou S, Ge X, Xu J, Shi J, Xie C, Hu J, Ge S, Sun Y, Coe H. First Chemical Characterization of Refractory Black Carbon Aerosols and Associated Coatings over the Tibetan Plateau (4730 m a.s.l). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:14072-14082. [PMID: 29131606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Refractory black carbon (rBC) aerosol is an important climate forcer, and its impacts are greatly influenced by the species associated with rBC cores. However, relevant knowledge is particularly lacking at the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Here we report, for the first time, highly time-resolved measurement results of rBC and its coating species in central TP (4730 m a.s.l), using an Aerodyne soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS), which selectively measured rBC-containing particles. We found that the rBC was overall thickly coated with an average mass ratio of coating to rBC (RBC) of ∼7.7, and the coating species were predominantly secondarily formed by photochemical reactions. Interestingly, the thickly coated rBC was less oxygenated than the thinly coated rBC, mainly due to influence of the transported biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA). This BBOA was relatively fresh but formed very thick coating on rBC. We further estimated the "lensing effect" of coating semiquantitatively by comparing the measurement data from a multiangle absorption photometer and SP-AMS, and found it could lead to up to 40% light absorption enhancement at RBC > 10. Our findings highlight that BBOA can significantly affect the "lensing effect", in addition to its relatively well-known role as light-absorbing "brown carbon."
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing 210044, China
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Mindong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Sonya Collier
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xinlei Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinsen Shi
- College of Atmospheric Science, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Conghui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Shun Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hugh Coe
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester , M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
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45
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Elmes M, Gasparon M. Sampling and single particle analysis for the chemical characterisation of fine atmospheric particulates: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 202:137-150. [PMID: 28732276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the potential environmental and human health impacts of fine airborne particulate matter (APM), detailed physical and chemical characterisation is required. The only means to accurately distinguish between the multiple compositions in APM is by single particle analysis. A variety of methods and instruments are available, which range from filter-based sample collection for off-line laboratory analysis to on-line instruments that detect the airborne particles and generate size distribution and chemical data in real time. There are many reasons for sampling particulates in the ambient atmosphere and as a consequence, different measurement strategies and sampling devices are used depending on the scientific objectives and subsequent analytical techniques. This review is designed as a guide to some of the techniques available for the sampling and subsequent chemical analysis of individual inorganic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Elmes
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Massimo Gasparon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia; National Institute of Science and Technology on Mineral Resources, Water and Biodiversity (INCT-Acqua), Brazil.
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46
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Booth AM, Bannan TJ, Benyezzar M, Bacak A, Alfarra MR, Topping D, Percival CJ. Development of lithium attachment mass spectrometry - knudsen effusion and chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (KEMS, CIMS). Analyst 2017; 142:3666-3673. [PMID: 28879361 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01161j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lithium ion attachment mass spectrometry provides a non-specific, non-fragmenting, sensitive and robust method for the detection of volatile species in the gas phase. The design, manufacture and results of lithium based ion attachment ionisation sources for two different mass spectrometry systems are presented. In this study trace gas analysis is investigated using a modified Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (CIMS) and vapour pressure measurements are made using a modified Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometer (KEMS). In the Li+ CIMS, where the Li+ ionization acts a soft and unselective ionization source, limits of detection of 0.2 ppt for formic acid, 15 ppt for nitric acid and 120 ppt for ammonia were achieved, allowing for ambient measurements of such species at atmospherically relevant concentrations. In the first application of Lithium ion attachment in ultra-high vacuum (UHV), vapor pressures of various atmospherically relevant species were measured with the adapted KEMS, giving measured values equivalent to previous results from electron impact KEMS. In the Li+ KEMS vapour pressures <10-3 mbar can be measured without any fragmentation, as is seen with the initial electron impact (EI) set up, allowing the vapor pressure of individual components within mixtures to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Murray Booth
- School or Earth, Atmospheric and Environment Science, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Thomas J Bannan
- School or Earth, Atmospheric and Environment Science, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Med Benyezzar
- Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Asan Bacak
- School or Earth, Atmospheric and Environment Science, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - M Rami Alfarra
- School or Earth, Atmospheric and Environment Science, University of Manchester, UK. and National Centre for Atmosphere Science, UK
| | - David Topping
- School or Earth, Atmospheric and Environment Science, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Carl J Percival
- School or Earth, Atmospheric and Environment Science, University of Manchester, UK.
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47
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Chen Y, Wenger JC, Yang F, Cao J, Huang R, Shi G, Zhang S, Tian M, Wang H. Source characterization of urban particles from meat smoking activities in Chongqing, China using single particle aerosol mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 228:92-101. [PMID: 28527324 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (SPAMS) was deployed in the urban area of Chongqing to characterize the particles present during a severe particulate pollution event that occurred in winter 2014-2015. The measurements were made at a time when residents engaged in traditional outdoor meat smoking activities to preserve meat before the Chinese Spring Festival. The measurement period was predominantly characterized by stagnant weather conditions, highly elevated levels of PM2.5, and low visibility. Eleven major single particle types were identified, with over 92.5% of the particles attributed to biomass burning emissions. Most of the particle types showed appreciable signs of aging in the stagnant air conditions. To simulate the meat smoking activities, a series of controlled smoldering experiments was conducted using freshly cut pine and cypress branches, both with and without wood logs. SPAMS data obtained from these experiments revealed a number of biomass burning particle types, including an elemental and organic carbon (ECOC) type that proved to be the most suitable marker for meat smoking activities. The traditional activity of making preserved meat in southwestern China is shown here to be a major source of particulate pollution. Improved measures to reduce emissions from the smoking of meat should be introduced to improve air quality in regions where smoking meat activity prevails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Research Center for Atmospheric Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - John C Wenger
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fumo Yang
- Research Center for Atmospheric Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China.
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Rujin Huang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guangming Shi
- Research Center for Atmospheric Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China; Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Mi Tian
- Research Center for Atmospheric Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Huanbo Wang
- Research Center for Atmospheric Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
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48
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Huang D, Hua X, Xiu GL, Zheng YJ, Yu XY, Long YT. Secondary ion mass spectrometry: The application in the analysis of atmospheric particulate matter. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 989:1-14. [PMID: 28915935 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Currently, considerable attention has been paid to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) investigation due to its importance in human health and global climate change. Surface characterization, single particle analysis and depth profiling of PM is important for a better understanding of its formation processes and predicting its impact on the environment and human being. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a surface technique with high surface sensitivity, high spatial resolution chemical imaging and unique depth profiling capabilities. Recent research shows that SIMS has great potential in analyzing both surface and bulk chemical information of PM. In this review, we give a brief introduction of SIMS working principle and survey recent applications of SIMS in PM characterization. Particularly, analyses from different types of PM sources by various SIMS techniques were discussed concerning their advantages and limitations. The future development and needs of SIMS in atmospheric aerosol measurement are proposed with a perspective in broader environmental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Guang-Li Xiu
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Yong-Jie Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Yu
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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49
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Passig J, Schade J, Oster M, Fuchs M, Ehlert S, Jäger C, Sklorz M, Zimmermann R. Aerosol Mass Spectrometer for Simultaneous Detection of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons and Inorganic Components from Individual Particles. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6341-6345. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Passig
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint Mass
Spectrometry
Centre, Cooperation Group ‘Comprehensive Molecular Analytics’
(CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julian Schade
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Markus Oster
- Joint Mass
Spectrometry
Centre, Cooperation Group ‘Comprehensive Molecular Analytics’
(CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Fuchs
- Joint Mass
Spectrometry
Centre, Cooperation Group ‘Comprehensive Molecular Analytics’
(CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sven Ehlert
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Photonion
GmbH, Hagenower Strasse 73, 19061 Schwerin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Jäger
- Astrophysics
and Cluster Physics Group, University Jena, Helmholtzweg 3, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Sklorz
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint Mass
Spectrometry
Centre, Cooperation Group ‘Comprehensive Molecular Analytics’
(CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint Mass
Spectrometry
Centre, Cooperation Group ‘Comprehensive Molecular Analytics’
(CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Wei N, Hu C, Zhou S, Ma Q, Mikuška P, Večeřa Z, Gai Y, Lin X, Gu X, Zhao W, Fang B, Zhang W, Chen J, Liu F, Shan X, Sheng L. VUV photoionization aerosol mass spectrometric study on the iodine oxide particles formed from O 3-initiated photooxidation of diiodomethane (CH 2I 2). RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11413c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IOPs formed from O3-initiated photooxidation of CH2I2 were investigated based on the combination of a thermal desorption/tunable vacuum ultraviolet time-of-flight photoionization aerosol mass spectrometer with a flow reactor for the first time.
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