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Parent C, Lespagnol E, Berthoin S, Tagougui S, Stuckens C, Tonoli C, Dupire M, Dewaele A, Dereumetz J, Dewast C, Gueorgieva I, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Heyman E. Continuous moderate and intermittent high-intensity exercise in youth with type 1 diabetes: Which protection for dysglycemia? Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 210:111631. [PMID: 38513989 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM From an early age, exercise is key to managing type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, hypoglycemia around aerobic exercise is a major barrier to physical activity in children. We explore whether intermittent high-intensity aerobic exercise (IHE), designed to mimic spontaneous childhood physical activity patterns, offers better protection against glycemic drop than continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME). METHODS Five boys and 7 girls with T1D (9.8 ± 1.4y) performed ergo cycle-based randomized CME and IHE of identical duration and total mechanical load [50 %PWC170vs. 15sec(150 %PWC170)/30 sec passive recovery; both during two 10-min sets, 5 min in-between]. Capillary glycemia during exercise and interstitial glucose during recovery were compared between exercises and an inactive condition, controlling for baseline glycemia, carbohydrate and insulin. RESULTS The exercise-induced decrease in capillary glycemia was attenuated by 1.47 mmol·L-1 for IHE vs. CME (P < 0.05). No symptomatic hypoglycemic episodes occurred during exercises. Post-exercise time in hypoglycemia did not differ between conditions. During early recovery, CME reduced time spent > 16.7 mmol·L-1 compared with inactive days (P < 0.05; CME: 0 %; IHE: 16,7 %; INACTIVE: 41,7 %). CONCLUSION IHE appeared to limit the glycemic drop compared to CME. Performing 20-min CME or IHE was not associated with increased hypoglycemic risk compared to being inactive. CME appeared even transiently protective against serious hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Parent
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, 413 avenue Eugène Avinée 59120 LOOS, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 Av. des Pins, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Elodie Lespagnol
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, 413 avenue Eugène Avinée 59120 LOOS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Serge Berthoin
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, 413 avenue Eugène Avinée 59120 LOOS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sémah Tagougui
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, 413 avenue Eugène Avinée 59120 LOOS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Chantal Stuckens
- Department of Pediatrics, Lille University Hospital, 2 avenue Oscar Lambret, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Cajsa Tonoli
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, 413 avenue Eugène Avinée 59120 LOOS, F-59000 Lille, France; Human Physiology Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michelle Dupire
- Santélys Association, 351 Rue Ambroise Paré, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Aline Dewaele
- Santélys Association, 351 Rue Ambroise Paré, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Julie Dereumetz
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, 413 avenue Eugène Avinée 59120 LOOS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Chloé Dewast
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, 413 avenue Eugène Avinée 59120 LOOS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Iva Gueorgieva
- Department of Pediatrics, Lille University Hospital, 2 avenue Oscar Lambret, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, 413 avenue Eugène Avinée 59120 LOOS, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 Av. des Pins, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, 3e étage, local 3208 du Pavillon Liliane-de-Stewart, 2405 chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elsa Heyman
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, 413 avenue Eugène Avinée 59120 LOOS, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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2
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Pinto AJ, Bergouignan A, Dempsey PC, Roschel H, Owen N, Gualano B, Dunstan DW. Physiology of sedentary behavior. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2561-2622. [PMID: 37326297 PMCID: PMC10625842 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sedentary behaviors (SB) are characterized by low energy expenditure while in a sitting or reclining posture. Evidence relevant to understanding the physiology of SB can be derived from studies employing several experimental models: bed rest, immobilization, reduced step count, and reducing/interrupting prolonged SB. We examine the relevant physiological evidence relating to body weight and energy balance, intermediary metabolism, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, the musculoskeletal system, the central nervous system, and immunity and inflammatory responses. Excessive and prolonged SB can lead to insulin resistance, vascular dysfunction, shift in substrate use toward carbohydrate oxidation, shift in muscle fiber from oxidative to glycolytic type, reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, loss of muscle mass and strength and bone mass, and increased total body fat mass and visceral fat depot, blood lipid concentrations, and inflammation. Despite marked differences across individual studies, longer term interventions aimed at reducing/interrupting SB have resulted in small, albeit marginally clinically meaningful, benefits on body weight, waist circumference, percent body fat, fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c and HDL concentrations, systolic blood pressure, and vascular function in adults and older adults. There is more limited evidence for other health-related outcomes and physiological systems and for children and adolescents. Future research should focus on the investigation of molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning adaptations to increasing and reducing/interrupting SB and the necessary changes in SB and physical activity to impact physiological systems and overall health in diverse population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana J Pinto
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Audrey Bergouignan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paddy C Dempsey
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Maylor BD, Zakrzewski-Fruer JK, Stensel DJ, Orton CJ, Bailey DP. Breaking up sitting with short frequent or long infrequent physical activity breaks does not lead to compensatory changes in appetite, appetite-regulating hormones or energy intake. Appetite 2023; 182:106445. [PMID: 36592798 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the appetite-related responses to breaking up prolonged sitting with physical activity bouts differing in frequency and duration among adult females. Fourteen sedentary females aged 34 ± 13 years with a body mass index of 27.1 ± 6.3 kg/m2 (mean ± SD) took part in a randomised crossover trial with three, 7.5 h conditions: (1) uninterrupted sitting (SIT), (2) sitting with short frequent 2-min moderate-intensity walking breaks every 30 min (SHORT-BREAKS), and (3) sitting with longer duration, less frequent 10-min moderate-intensity walking breaks every 170-180 min (LONG-BREAKS). The intensity and total duration of physical activity was matched between the SHORT-BREAKS and LONG-BREAKS conditions. Linear mixed models were used to compare the outcomes between conditions with significance being accepted as p ≤ 0.05. There were no significant between-condition differences in hunger, satisfaction, prospective food consumption or overall appetite area under the curve (AUC) (all p ≥ 0.801). Absolute ad libitum energy intake and relative energy intake (REI) did not differ significantly between conditions (all p ≥ 0.420). Acylated ghrelin and total peptide YY incremental and total AUC did not differ significantly between conditions (all p ≥ 0.388). Yet, there was a medium effect size for the higher acylated ghrelin incremental AUC in SHORT-BREAKS versus SIT (d = 0.61); the reverse was seen for total AUC, which was lower in SHORT-BREAKS versus SIT (d = 0.69). These findings suggest that breaking up sitting does not lead to compensatory changes in appetite, appetite hormones or energy intake regardless of physical activity bout duration and frequency among adult females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Maylor
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, UK; Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Julia K Zakrzewski-Fruer
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, UK
| | - David J Stensel
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK; National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Charlie J Orton
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Daniel P Bailey
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, UK; Centre for Physical Activity in Health and Disease, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UK; Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
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4
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Maylor BD, Zakrzewski-Fruer JK, Orton CJ, Bailey DP. Short, frequent high-intensity physical activity breaks reduce appetite compared to a continuous moderate-intensity exercise bout. Endocr Connect 2023; 12:EC-22-0259. [PMID: 36445234 PMCID: PMC9874970 DOI: 10.1530/ec-22-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A single exercise session can affect appetite-regulating hormones and suppress appetite. The effects of short, regular physical activity breaks across the day on appetite are unclear. This study investigated the effects of breaking up sitting with high-intensity physical activity vs a single bout of moderate-intensity exercise and prolonged sitting on appetite control. In this randomised crossover trial, 14 sedentary, inactive adults (7 women) completed 3, 8-h experimental conditions: (i) prolonged sitting (SIT); (ii) 30 min of moderate-intensity exercise followed by prolonged sitting (EX-SIT), and (iii) sitting with 2 min 32 s of high-intensity physical activity every hour (SIT-ACT). Physical activity energy expenditure was matched between EX-SIT and SIT-ACT. Subjective appetite was measured every 30 min with acylated ghrelin and total peptide-YY (PYY) measured hourly in response to two standardised test meals. An ad libitum buffet meal was provided at the end of each condition. Based on linear mixed model analysis, total area under the curve for satisfaction was 16% higher (P = 0.021) and overall appetite was 11% lower during SIT-ACT vs EX-SIT (P = 0.018), with no differences between SIT-ACT and SIT. Time series analysis indicated that SIT-ACT reduced subjective appetite during the majority of the post-lunch period compared with SIT and EX-SIT, with some of these effects reversed earlier in the afternoon (P < 0.05). Total PYY and acylated ghrelin did not differ between conditions. Relative energy intake was 760 kJ lower during SIT-ACT vs SIT (P = 0.024). High-intensity physical activity breaks may be effective in acutely suppressing appetite; yet, appetite-regulating hormones may not explain such responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Maylor
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Julia K Zakrzewski-Fruer
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
| | - Charlie J Orton
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
| | - Daniel P Bailey
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
- Centre for Physical Activity in Health and Disease, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to D P Bailey:
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5
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Chen YC, Walhin JP, Hengist A, Gonzalez JT, Betts JA, Thompson D. Interrupting Prolonged Sitting with Intermittent Walking Increases Postprandial Gut Hormone Responses. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1183-1189. [PMID: 35389963 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Continuous exercise can increase postprandial gut hormone such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) responses, but it is unknown whether interrupting prolonged sitting with intermittent walking elicits this effect. METHOD Ten participants with central overweight/obesity (7 men and 3 postmenopausal women, 51 ± 5 yr; mean ± SD) completed a randomized crossover study in which they consumed breakfast and lunch in the laboratory while either sitting continuously for the entire 5.5-h period (SIT) or the prolonged sitting interrupted every 20 min by walking briskly (6.4 km·h-1) for 2 min (BREAKS). Blood samples were collected at regular intervals to examine postprandial plasma GLP-1, PYY, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide concentrations. Adipose tissue samples were collected at baseline and at the end of the trials to examine changes in net dipeptidyl peptidase 4 secretion from primary explants. RESULTS Mean (95% confidence interval) postprandial GLP-1 and PYY incremental area under curve values were elevated by 26% and 31% in the BREAKS trial versus SIT (8.4 [0.7, 16.1] vs 6.7 [-0.8, 14.2], P = 0.001, and 26.9 [8.1, 45.6] vs 20.4 [5.1, 35.8] nmol·330 min·L-1, P = 0.024, respectively) but without any such effect on glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (P = 0.076) or net adipose tissue dipeptidyl peptidase 4 secretion (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Interrupting prolonged sitting with regular short bouts of brisk walking increases postprandial GLP-1 and PYY concentrations in healthy middle-age men and women with central adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Chen
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, TAIWAN
| | | | - Aaron Hengist
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - James A Betts
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Dylan Thompson
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UNITED KINGDOM
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Ceylan Hİ, Saygın Ö. An investigation of the relationship between new fasting hormone asprosin, obesity and acute-chronic exercise: current systematic review. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:373-384. [PMID: 32427509 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1767652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to reveal the relationship between new fasting hormone asprosin, obesity, and acute-chronic exercise. The prisma guidelines were followed in forming the methodological model of this review. The articles between 2016 and 2020 (including March) were identified by scanning Google Scholar, Pub Med, and Science Direct databases. Thirty-five articles were defined from 188 articles. Three cross-sectional, and 1 prospective cohort design studies in adults, and 3 cross-sectional studies in children were found. Three randomised-control group designed studies which examined the effect of acute exercise on serum asprosin levels in obese individuals. Asprosin may be a new therapeutic biomarker to be considered in the development, but long-term and deep-rooted researches are needed, and increasing the number of studies examining the effect of exercise on asprosin in the future might help us to identify the mechanisms underlying the decrease or increase in asprosin after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil İbrahim Ceylan
- Faculty of Kazim Karabekir Education, Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Özcan Saygın
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Coaching Science Department, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Muğla, Turkey
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English C, Weerasekara I, Carlos A, Chastin S, Crowfoot G, Fitzsimons C, Forster A, Holliday E, Janssen H, Mackie P, Mead G, Dunstan D. Investigating the rigour of research findings in experimental studies assessing the effects of breaking up prolonged sitting - extended scoping review. Braz J Phys Ther 2021; 25:4-16. [PMID: 32439303 PMCID: PMC7817869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sedentary behaviour research is a relatively new field, much of which has emerged since the widespread acceptance of clinical trial registration. The aim of this study was to investigate the trial registration and related issues in studies investigating the effect of frequent activity interruptions to prolonged sitting-time. METHODS Secondary analysis of a scoping review including systematic searches of databases and trial registries. We included experimental studies investigating the effects of frequent activity interruptions to prolonged sitting-time. RESULTS We identified 32 trials published in 45 papers. Only 16 (50%) trials were registered, with all 16 trials being completed and published. Of the unregistered trials, we identified three (19%) for which similarities in the sample size and participant demographics across papers was suggestive of duplicate publication. Identification of potential duplicate publications was difficult for the remaining 13 (81%). Results from 53 (76%) of the 70 registered outcomes were published, but 11 (69%) registered trials reported results from additional outcomes not prospectively registered. A total of 46 different outcomes (out of 53 reported outcome measures, similar measures were collated) were reported across all trials, 31 (67%) of which were collected in ≤2 trials. CONCLUSIONS We found direct evidence of trial registration issues in experimental trials of breaking up sitting-time. The lack of prospective registration of all trials, and the large number of outcomes measured per trial are key considerations for future research in this field. These issues are unlikely to be confined to the field of sedentary behaviour research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.
| | - Ishanka Weerasekara
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Anjelica Carlos
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Stroke Service, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Sebastien Chastin
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; School of Health and Life Science, Institute of Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gary Crowfoot
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation, Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claire Fitzsimons
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute of Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Anne Forster
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford, UK
| | - Elizabeth Holliday
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Heidi Janssen
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Stroke Service, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation, Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Mackie
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation, Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gillian Mead
- Geriatric Medicine, Division of Health Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Dunstan
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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Malin SK, Heiston EM, Gilbertson NM, Eichner NZM. Short-term interval exercise suppresses acylated ghrelin and hunger during caloric restriction in women with obesity. Physiol Behav 2020; 223:112978. [PMID: 32473928 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction is suggested to increase hunger, in part, through complex interactions of hormones and behavior that contribute to challenges in long-term weight loss. Although intense exercise may attenuate appetite, no data exist testing the effects of interval exercise (INT) during a low-calorie diet (LCD) on appetite regulation. We hypothesized that LCD+INT would favorably influence satiety when compared with an energy-deficit matched LCD in women with obesity. Twenty-six women with obesity (47.3±2.4 yrs; 37.3 ± 1.2 kg/m2) were randomized to either LCD (n = 13; mixed meals of ~1200 kcal/d) or LCD+INT (n = 13; 60 min/d of supervised interval exercise at 90% HRpeak for 3 min and 50% HRpeak for 3 min) for 2 weeks. An additional 350kcal (shake) was provided to LCD+INT individuals post-exercise to equate energy availability between groups. Total PYY, acylated ghrelin and des-ghrelin were measured at 0, 30 and 60 min of a 75g OGTT before and after the intervention. Visual analog scales were also administered at 0 and 120 min of the OGTT to assess appetite perception. Food logs were recorded prior to and during the intervention to ensure caloric intake compliance. Compared with pre-intervention conditions, both interventions decreased food intake (P = 0.001) and body fat (P < 0.01). There was no effect on fasting PYY, but both LCD and LCD+INT increased post-prandial PYY iAUC (P < 0.001) relative to pre-intervention. LCD+INT maintained fasting acylated ghrelin (P = 0.06) and suppressed post-prandial acylated ghrelin iAUC (P = 0.04) compared to LCD. Neither intervention impacted circulating des- ghrelin before or following the OGTT. Interestingly, LCD+INT attenuated fasting hunger and maintained fullness compared with LCD (P = 0.05 and P = 0.06, respectively). Taken together, interval exercise favors acylated ghrelin suppression and perception of hunger during a LCD in women with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Malin
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
| | - Emily M Heiston
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Nicole M Gilbertson
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Natalie Z M Eichner
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Acute and Chronic Effects of Exercise on Appetite, Energy Intake, and Appetite-Related Hormones: The Modulating Effect of Adiposity, Sex, and Habitual Physical Activity. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091140. [PMID: 30131457 PMCID: PMC6164815 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise facilitates weight control, partly through effects on appetite regulation. Single bouts of exercise induce a short-term energy deficit without stimulating compensatory effects on appetite, whilst limited evidence suggests that exercise training may modify subjective and homeostatic mediators of appetite in directions associated with enhanced meal-induced satiety. However, a large variability in responses exists between individuals. This article reviews the evidence relating to how adiposity, sex, and habitual physical activity modulate exercise-induced appetite, energy intake, and appetite-related hormone responses. The balance of evidence suggests that adiposity and sex do not modify appetite or energy intake responses to acute or chronic exercise interventions, but individuals with higher habitual physical activity levels may better adjust energy intake in response to energy balance perturbations. The effect of these individual characteristics and behaviours on appetite-related hormone responses to exercise remains equivocal. These findings support the continued promotion of exercise as a strategy for inducing short-term energy deficits irrespective of adiposity and sex, as well as the ability of exercise to positively influence energy balance over the longer term. Future well-controlled studies are required to further ascertain the potential mediators of appetite responses to exercise.
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10
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Fenemor SP, Homer AR, Perry TL, Skeaff CM, Peddie MC, Rehrer NJ. Energy utilization associated with regular activity breaks and continuous physical activity: A randomized crossover trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:557-564. [PMID: 29580754 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To quantify and compare energy utilization associated with prolonged sitting alone, or interrupted with regular activity breaks and/or an additional bout of continuous physical activity. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty six adults (11 males, BMI 24.1 ± 4.6) completed four interventions: (1) prolonged sitting (SIT), (2) sitting with 2-min of walking every 30 min (RAB), (3) prolonged sitting with 30-min of continuous walking at the end of the day (SIT + PA), (4) a combination of the activities in (2) and (3) above (RAB + PA). All walking was at a speed and incline corresponding to 60% V̇O2max. Energy utilization over 7 h for each intervention was estimated using indirect calorimetry. Compared to SIT, SIT + PA increased total energy utilization by 709 kJ (95% CI 485-933 kJ), RAB by 863 kJ (95% CI 638-1088 kJ), and RAB + PA by 1752 kJ (95% CI 1527-1927 kJ) (all p < 0.001). There was no difference in total energy utilization between SIT + PA and RAB, however, post-physical activity energy utilization in RAB was 632 kJ greater than SIT + PA (95% CI 561-704 kJ; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Short frequent activity, results in greater accumulation of elevated post-physical activity energy utilization compared to a single bout of continuous activity; however the total energy utilization is similar. Combining activity breaks with a longer continuous bout of activity will further enhance energy utilization, and in the longer term, may positively affect weight management of a greater magnitude than either activity pattern performed alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION ANZCTR12614000624684.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Fenemor
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - A R Homer
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - T L Perry
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - C M Skeaff
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - M C Peddie
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - N J Rehrer
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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11
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Mete EM, Perry TL, Haszard JJ, Homer AR, Fenemor SP, Rehrer NJ, Skeaff CM, Peddie MC. Interrupting Prolonged Sitting with Regular Activity Breaks does not Acutely Influence Appetite: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:E125. [PMID: 29373503 PMCID: PMC5852701 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular activity breaks increase energy expenditure; however, this may promote compensatory eating behaviour. The present study compared the effects of regular activity breaks and prolonged sitting on appetite. In a randomised, cross-over trial, 36 healthy adults (BMI (Body Mass Index) 23.9 kg/m² (S.D. = 3.9)) completed four, two-day interventions: two with prolonged sitting (SIT), and two with sitting and 2 min of walking every 30 min (RAB). Standardized meals were provided throughout the intervention, with an ad libitum meal at the end of Day 2. Appetite and satiety were assessed throughout both days of each intervention using five visual analogue scales. The five responses were combined into a single appetite response at each time point. The area under the appetite response curve (AUC) was calculated for each day. Intervention effects for appetite response AUC and ad libitum meal intake were tested using linear mixed models. Appetite AUC did not differ between interventions (standardised effect of RAB compared to SIT: Day 1: 0.11; 95% CI: -0.28, 0.06; p = 0.212; Day 2: 0.04; 95% CI: -0.15, 0.24; p = 0.648). There was no significant difference in energy consumed at the ad libitum lunch meal on Day 2 between RAB and SIT. Interrupting prolonged sitting with regular activity breaks does not acutely influence appetite or volume of food consumed, despite inferred increases in energy expenditure. Longer-term investigation into the effects of regular activity breaks on energy balance is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn M Mete
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Tracy L Perry
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Jillian J Haszard
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Ashleigh R Homer
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Stephen P Fenemor
- School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Nancy J Rehrer
- School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - C Murray Skeaff
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Meredith C Peddie
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
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12
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Silva VRR, Katashima CK, Bueno Silva CG, Lenhare L, Micheletti TO, Camargo RL, Ghezzi AC, Camargo JA, Assis AM, Tobar N, Morari J, Razolli DS, Moura LP, Pauli JR, Cintra DE, Velloso LA, Saad MJA, Ropelle ER. Hypothalamic S1P/S1PR1 axis controls energy homeostasis in Middle-Aged Rodents: the reversal effects of physical exercise. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:142-155. [PMID: 28039439 PMCID: PMC5310661 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that the hypothalamic S1PR1/STAT3 axis plays a critical role in the control of food consumption and energy expenditure in rodents. Here, we found that reduction of hypothalamic S1PR1 expression occurs in an age-dependent manner, and was associated with defective thermogenic signaling and weight gain. To address the physiological relevance of these findings, we investigated the effects of chronic and acute exercise on the hypothalamic S1PR1/STAT3 axis. Chronic exercise increased S1PR1 expression and STAT3 phosphorylation in the hypothalamus, restoring the anorexigenic and thermogenic signals in middle-aged mice. Acutely, exercise increased sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of young rats, whereas the administration of CSF from exercised young rats into the hypothalamus of middle-aged rats at rest was sufficient to reduce the food intake. Finally, the intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of S1PR1 activators, including the bioactive lipid molecule S1P, and pharmacological S1PR1 activator, SEW2871, induced a potent STAT3 phosphorylation and anorexigenic response in middle-aged rats. Overall, these results suggest that hypothalamic S1PR1 is important for the maintenance of energy balance and provide new insights into the mechanism by which exercise controls the anorexigenic and thermogenic signals in the central nervous system during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagner Ramon Rodrigues Silva
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carla G Bueno Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciene Lenhare
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Carolina Ghezzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Natalia Tobar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Joseane Morari
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela S Razolli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,CEPECE - Research Center of Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lício Augusto Velloso
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, 1308-970, Brazil
| | - Mario J A Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,CEPECE - Research Center of Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, 1308-970, Brazil
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13
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Are large dinners associated with excess weight, and does eating a smaller dinner achieve greater weight loss? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:616-628. [PMID: 28967343 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517002550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There are suggestions that large evening meals are associated with greater BMI. This study reviewed systematically the association between evening energy intake and weight in adults and aimed to determine whether reducing evening intake achieves weight loss. Databases searched were MEDLINE, PubMed, Cinahl, Web of Science, Cochrane Library of Clinical Trials, EMBASE and SCOPUS. Eligible observational studies investigated the relationship between BMI and evening energy intake. Eligible intervention trials compared weight change between groups where the proportion of evening intake was manipulated. Evening intake was defined as energy consumed during a certain time - for example 18.00-21.00 hours - or self-defined meal slots - that is 'dinner'. The search yielded 121 full texts that were reviewed for eligibility by two independent reviewers. In all, ten observational studies and eight clinical trials were included in the systematic review with four and five included in the meta-analyses, respectively. Four observational studies showed a positive association between large evening intake and BMI, five showed no association and one showed an inverse relationship. The meta-analysis of observational studies showed a non-significant trend between BMI and evening intake (P=0·06). The meta-analysis of intervention trials showed no difference in weight change between small and large dinner groups (-0·89 kg; 95 % CI -2·52, 0·75, P=0·29). This analysis was limited by significant heterogeneity, and many trials had an unknown or high risk of bias. Recommendations to reduce evening intake for weight loss cannot be substantiated by clinical evidence, and more well-controlled intervention trials are needed.
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14
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Douglas JA, King JA, Clayton DJ, Jackson AP, Sargeant JA, Thackray AE, Davies MJ, Stensel DJ. Acute effects of exercise on appetite, ad libitum energy intake and appetite-regulatory hormones in lean and overweight/obese men and women. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1737-1744. [PMID: 28769121 PMCID: PMC5729348 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute exercise does not elicit compensatory changes in appetite parameters in lean individuals; however, less is known about responses in overweight individuals. This study compared the acute effects of moderate-intensity exercise on appetite, energy intake and appetite-regulatory hormones in lean and overweight/obese individuals. METHODS Forty-seven healthy lean (n=22, 11 females; mean (s.d.) 37.5 (15.2) years; 22.4 (1.5) kg m-2) and overweight/obese (n=25, 11 females; 45.0 (12.4) years, 29.2 (2.9) kg m-2) individuals completed two, 8 h trials (exercise and control). In the exercise trial, participants completed 60 min treadmill exercise (59 (4)% peak oxygen uptake) at 0-1 h and rested thereafter while participants rested throughout the control trial. Appetite ratings and concentrations of acylated ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were measured at predetermined intervals. Standardised meals were consumed at 1.5 and 4 h and an ad libitum buffet meal was provided at 7 h. RESULTS Exercise suppressed appetite (95% confidence interval (CI) -3.1 to -0.5 mm, P=0.01), and elevated delta PYY (95% CI 10 to 17 pg ml-1, P<0.001) and GLP-1 (95% CI 7 to 10 pmol l-1, P<0.001) concentrations. Delta acylated ghrelin concentrations (95% CI -5 to 3 pg ml-1, P=0.76) and ad libitum energy intake (95% CI -391 to 346 kJ, P=0.90) were similar between trials. Subjective and hormonal appetite parameters and ad libitum energy intake were similar between lean and overweight/obese individuals (P⩾0.27). The exercise-induced elevation in delta GLP-1 was greater in overweight/obese individuals (trial-by-group interaction P=0.01), whereas lean individuals exhibited a greater exercise-induced increase in delta PYY (trial-by-group interaction P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Acute moderate-intensity exercise transiently suppressed appetite and increased PYY and GLP-1 in the hours after exercise without stimulating compensatory changes in appetite in lean or overweight/obese individuals. These findings underscore the ability of exercise to induce a short-term energy deficit without any compensatory effects on appetite regardless of weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Douglas
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - J A King
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - D J Clayton
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - A P Jackson
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - J A Sargeant
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - A E Thackray
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - M J Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - D J Stensel
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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15
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Gómez Escribano L, Gálvez Casas A, Escribá Fernández-Marcote AR, Tárraga López P, Tárraga Marcos L. Review and analysis of physical exercise at hormonal and brain level, and its influence on appetite. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2017. [PMID: 28625709 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to the currently growing rate of obesity, it is important to maintain good control of food intake. The main purpose of the present study is to determine the influence of physical exercise on appetite, changes in hormone concentrations, and changes in certain neuronal regions. To achieve this, a literature search was conducted using different data bases. The results show how exercise produces changes in the appetite perception, in the amount of energy intake, and in different weight-control related hormones, as well as in specific neuronal responses. In conclusion, it can be shown that exercise leads to changes in appetite, hunger, and energy intake. In addition, exercise decreases the ghrelin levels and increases concentrations of leptin. Likewise, it is shown how physical exercise alters the responses of certain neuronal regions after visualizing specific food elements decreasing so the appetite or the intake of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gómez Escribano
- Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Plástica, Musical y Dinámica, Facultad de Educación. Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España
| | - Arancha Gálvez Casas
- Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Plástica, Musical y Dinámica, Facultad de Educación. Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España
| | | | - Pedro Tárraga López
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Ciudad Real, España.
| | - Loreto Tárraga Marcos
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Ciudad Real, España
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16
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The Effect of Exercise Intensity on Total PYY and GLP-1 in Healthy Females: A Pilot Study. J Nutr Metab 2017; 2017:4823102. [PMID: 28286674 PMCID: PMC5327759 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4823102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the acute response of anorexigenic signals (total PYY and GLP-1) in response to submaximal and supramaximal exercise. Nine females completed three sessions: (1) moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; 30 min; 65% VO2max); (2) sprint interval training (SIT; 6 × 30 sec "all-out" cycling sprints with 4 min recovery); or (3) control (CTRL; no exercise). PYY and GLP-1 were measured via blood samples drawn before, immediately after, and 90 min after exercise. Perceptions of hunger were rated using a visual analogue scale at all blood sampling time points. There was a session × time interaction for GLP-1 (p = 0.004) where SIT and MICT (p < 0.015 and p < 0.001) were higher compared to CTRL both immediately and 90 min after exercise. There was a main effect of time for PYY where 90 min after exercise it was decreased versus before and immediately after exercise. There was a session × time interaction for hunger with lower ratings following SIT versus MICT (p = 0.027) and CTRL (p = 0.031) 90 min after exercise. These results suggest that though GLP-1 is elevated after exercise in women, it is not affected by exercise intensity though hunger was lower 90 min after exercise with SIT. As the sample size is small further study is needed to confirm these findings.
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17
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Lloyd JW, Evans KA, Zerfass KM, Holmstrup ME, Kanaley JA, Keslacy S. Effect of an acute bout of aerobic exercise on chemerin levels in obese adults. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2016; 10:37-42. [PMID: 26008676 PMCID: PMC4635052 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Serum chemerin concentrations are elevated in obese individuals and may play a role in type 2 diabetes. Exercise improves insulin sensitivity, which may be related to changes in chemerin. This study explored how an acute bout of aerobic exercise affected chemerin levels in non-diabetic obese adults. METHODS Blood samples from 11 obese adults were obtained during two separate conditions: sedentary (SED) and exercise (EX; 60-65% VO2peak). Samples were drawn at baseline, immediately following exercise and hourly for an additional 2h. ANOVA was used to test for differences in chemerin between conditions. RESULTS Unadjusted analysis showed no difference in overall change (baseline to 2h post) in chemerin between conditions. During the 2-h post-exercise period, chemerin decreased to 12% below baseline, compared to a 2.5% increase above baseline during that time period on the sedentary day (p=0.06, difference in post-to-2h change between conditions). Controlling for homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), a significant difference existed between EX and SED in the change in chemerin from baseline to 2-h post (p=0.02). Stratified analyses showed a consistent exercise-induced decrease in chemerin among non-insulin resistant subjects, while chemerin increased during exercise among insulin resistant subjects, and then decreased post-exercise. CONCLUSION An acute bout of exercise in obese individuals may elicit a drop in chemerin levels during the post-exercise period, and this response may vary based on insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse W Lloyd
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, United States.
| | - Kristin A Evans
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
| | - Kristy M Zerfass
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, United States.
| | - Michael E Holmstrup
- Department of Exercise and Rehabilitative Sciences, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA 16057, United States.
| | - Jill A Kanaley
- Department of Nutrition & Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| | - Stefan Keslacy
- School of Kinesiology and Nutritional Science, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States.
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18
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Bailey DP, Broom DR, Chrismas BCR, Taylor L, Flynn E, Hough J. Breaking up prolonged sitting time with walking does not affect appetite or gut hormone concentrations but does induce an energy deficit and suppresses postprandial glycaemia in sedentary adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 41:324-31. [PMID: 26872294 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Breaking up periods of prolonged sitting can negate harmful metabolic effects but the influence on appetite and gut hormones is not understood and is investigated in this study. Thirteen sedentary (7 female) participants undertook three 5-h trials in random order: (i) uninterrupted sitting (SIT), (ii) seated with 2-min bouts of light-intensity walking every 20 min (SIT + LA), and (iii) seated with 2-min bouts of moderate-intensity walking every 20 min (SIT + MA). A standardised test drink was provided at the start of each trial and an ad libitum pasta test meal provided at the end of each trial. Subjective appetite ratings and plasma acylated ghrelin, peptide YY, insulin, and glucose were measured at regular intervals. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for each variable. AUC values for appetite and gut hormone concentrations were unaffected in the activity breaks conditions compared with uninterrupted sitting (linear mixed modelling: p > 0.05). Glucose AUC was lower in SIT + MA than in SIT + LA (p = 0.004) and SIT (p = 0.055). There was no difference in absolute ad libitum energy intake between conditions (p > 0.05); however, relative energy intake was lower in SIT + LA (39%; p = 0.011) and SIT + MA (120%; p < 0.001) than in SIT. In conclusion, breaking up prolonged sitting does not alter appetite and gut hormone responses to a meal over a 5-h period. Increased energy expenditure from activity breaks could promote an energy deficit that is not compensated for in a subsequent meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Bailey
- a Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, Department of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Polhill Avenue, Bedford, MK41 9EA, UK
| | - David R Broom
- b Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK
| | - Bryna C R Chrismas
- a Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, Department of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Polhill Avenue, Bedford, MK41 9EA, UK
| | - Lee Taylor
- a Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, Department of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Polhill Avenue, Bedford, MK41 9EA, UK
| | - Edward Flynn
- a Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, Department of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Polhill Avenue, Bedford, MK41 9EA, UK
| | - John Hough
- a Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, Department of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Polhill Avenue, Bedford, MK41 9EA, UK
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19
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Heden TD, Liu Y, Kanaley JA. Impact of Exercise Timing on Appetite Regulation in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 48:182-9. [PMID: 26285022 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise improves appetite regulation, but it is not known if premeal or postmeal exercise more effectively improves appetite regulation in individuals with type 2 diabetes. For the first time, this study compared how premeal and postmeal exercise alters appetite regulation in individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Twelve obese individuals with type 2 diabetes performed 3 different trials, all in a random order, in which they consumed a dinner meal with the following: no resistance exercise (RE), premeal RE, or postmeal RE beginning 45 min after dinner. A visual analog scale was used to assess perceived hunger and fullness, and frequent blood samples were drawn for determination of acylated ghrelin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) concentrations. RESULTS Premeal RE increased premeal perceived fullness, reduced perceived hunger, and reduced acylated ghrelin concentrations compared with the no RE and postmeal RE trial (P < 0.05). In the postprandial period, both premeal and postmeal RE reduced perceived hunger compared with no RE, whereas only postmeal RE reduced postprandial perceived fullness (P < 0.05) compared with no RE. Premeal or postmeal RE did not alter PYY concentrations. In both the premeal and postprandial period, RE reduced PP concentrations compared with no RE (P < 0.05), but upon cessation of RE, PP concentrations rebounded to concentrations that were similar to no RE. CONCLUSIONS Both premeal and postmeal RE reduced perceived hunger and increased perceived fullness, effects that may help control food intake and aid in weight management efforts in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Heden
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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20
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Abstract
As obesity continues to be a global epidemic, research into the mechanisms of hunger and satiety and how those signals act to regulate energy homeostasis persists. Peptide YY (PYY) is an acute satiety signal released upon nutrient ingestion and has been shown to decrease food intake when administered exogenously. More recently, investigators have studied how different factors influence PYY release and circulating levels in humans. Some of these factors include exercise, macronutrient composition of the diet, body-weight status, adiposity levels, sex, race and ageing. The present article provides a succinct and comprehensive review of the recent literature published on the different factors that influence PYY release and circulating levels in humans. Where human data are insufficient, evidence in animal or cell models is summarised. Additionally, the present review explores the recent findings on PYY responses to different dietary fatty acids and how this new line of research will make an impact on future studies on PYY. Human demographics, such as sex and age, do not appear to influence PYY levels. Conversely, adiposity or BMI, race and acute exercise all influence circulating PYY levels. Both dietary fat and protein strongly stimulate PYY release. Furthermore, MUFA appear to result in a smaller PYY response compared with SFA and PUFA. PYY levels appear to be affected by acute exercise, macronutrient composition, adiposity, race and the composition of fatty acids from dietary fat.
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21
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Holmstrup M, Fairchild T, Keslacy S, Weinstock R, Kanaley J. Multiple short bouts of exercise over 12-h period reduce glucose excursions more than an energy-matched single bout of exercise. Metabolism 2014; 63:510-9. [PMID: 24439242 PMCID: PMC3965589 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long, uninterrupted bouts of sedentary behavior are thought to negatively influence postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. We examined the effects of a 1-h bout of morning exercise versus intermittent walking bouts of short duration on glucose excursions and insulin secretion over 12-h. MATERIALS/METHODS Eleven young, obese individuals (18-35 years, BMI>30kg/m(2)) with impaired glucose tolerance were studied on three 12-h study days: 1) sedentary behavior (SED); 2) sedentary behavior with 1-h morning exercise (EX) at 60%-65% VO2peak; and 3) sedentary behavior with 12-hourly, 5-min intervals of exercise (INT) at 60%-65% VO2peak. Meals (1046kJ/meal) were provided every 2-h. Blood samples were collected every 10 min and measured for glucose, insulin, and c-peptide concentrations. RESULTS Glucose iAUC (12-h) was attenuated in the INT and SED conditions compared to the EX condition (P<0.05). Glucose concentrations were higher in the EX compared to the SED condition for ~150min (20% of the study day), and comparison of the EX-INT study days revealed that glucose concentrations were greater for~240min (~1/3 of the 12-hday). In the SED condition, the 12-h insulin iAUC was ~15% higher (P<0.05) compared to the INT and EX conditions. Insulin production rate was found to increase ~20% with INT exercise vs. the SED and EX condition (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Short, frequent periods of exercise attenuated glucose excursions and insulin concentrations in obese individuals to a greater degree than an equal amount of exercise performed continuously in the morning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Holmstrup
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Exercise and Rehabilitative Sciences, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA, USA
| | - Timothy Fairchild
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia
| | - Stefan Keslacy
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ruth Weinstock
- Department of Internal Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jill Kanaley
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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22
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Manning S, Batterham RL. The Role of Gut Hormone Peptide YY in Energy and Glucose Homeostasis: Twelve Years On. Annu Rev Physiol 2014; 76:585-608. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021113-170404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Manning
- Centre for Obesity Research, Rayne Institute, Department of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom; ,
| | - Rachel L. Batterham
- Centre for Obesity Research, Rayne Institute, Department of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom; ,
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