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Raitamaa L, Kautto J, Tuunanen J, Helakari H, Huotari N, Järvelä M, Korhonen V, Kiviniemi V. Association of body-mass index with physiological brain pulsations across adulthood - a fast fMRI study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:1011-1018. [PMID: 38553569 PMCID: PMC11216984 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Obesity is a risk factor for several brain-related health issues, and high body-mass index (BMI) is associated with an increased risk for several neurological conditions, including cognitive decline and dementia. Cardiovascular, respiratory, and vasomotor brain pulsations have each been shown to drive intracranial cerebrovascular fluid (CSF) flow, which is linked to the brain metabolite efflux that sustains homeostasis. While these three physiological pulsations are demonstrably altered in numerous brain diseases, there is no previous investigation of the association between physiological brain pulsations and BMI. SUBJECTS/METHODS We measured the amplitudes of the physiological brain pulsations using amplitude of low frequency fluctation (ALFF) based method with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging via high temporal resolution whole-brain magnetic resonance encephalography (MREG) in 115 healthy subjects. We next undertook multiple linear regression to model the BMI effect voxel-wise whole-brain on very low frequency (VLF), respiration, cardiovascular, and respiratory induced modulation of cardiovascular pulsation amplitudes with age, pulse pressure, and gender as nuisance variables. RESULTS In our study population, BMI was positively associated with the amplitudes of vasomotor, respiratory, and respiratory induced modulations of cardiovascular pulsations (p < 0.05), while negatively associated with the amplitudes of cardiovascular pulsations (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that BMI is a significant factor in alterations of cardiovascular pulsation of neurofluids. As physiological pulsations are the drivers of CSF flow and subsequent metabolite clearance, these results emphasize the need for further research into the mechanisms through which obesity affects brain clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Raitamaa
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Diagnostic Imaging, Medical Research Center (MRC), Finland Oulu University Hospital, 90029, Oulu, Finland.
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Joona Kautto
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Diagnostic Imaging, Medical Research Center (MRC), Finland Oulu University Hospital, 90029, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Tuunanen
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Diagnostic Imaging, Medical Research Center (MRC), Finland Oulu University Hospital, 90029, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heta Helakari
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Diagnostic Imaging, Medical Research Center (MRC), Finland Oulu University Hospital, 90029, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niko Huotari
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Diagnostic Imaging, Medical Research Center (MRC), Finland Oulu University Hospital, 90029, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Järvelä
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Diagnostic Imaging, Medical Research Center (MRC), Finland Oulu University Hospital, 90029, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa Korhonen
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Diagnostic Imaging, Medical Research Center (MRC), Finland Oulu University Hospital, 90029, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa Kiviniemi
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging (OFNI), Diagnostic Imaging, Medical Research Center (MRC), Finland Oulu University Hospital, 90029, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Turnquist BE, MacIver PH, Katzel LI, Waldstein SR. Interactive Relations of Body Mass Index, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Sex to Cognitive Function in Older Adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024:acae018. [PMID: 38486431 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The course of cognitive aging is influenced by multiple health factors. This cross-sectional study investigated the interactive relations between body mass index (BMI), maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), and sex on neuropsychological outcomes in community-dwelling predominantly older adults. METHODS Participants were 164 healthy adults [M (SD) = 64.6 (12.5) years, 56% men, 87% white] who participated in an investigation of cardiovascular risk factors and brain health. Multivariable regression analysis, adjusted for age, education, ethnicity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and depression, examined the interactive relations of BMI, VO2max, and sex to multiple neuropsychological outcomes. RESULTS Significant BMI*VO2max*sex interactions for Grooved Pegboard dominant (p = .019) and nondominant (p = .005) hands revealed that men with lower VO2max (l/min) displayed worse performance with each hand as BMI increased (p's < .02). A significant BMI*sex interaction for Logical Memory-Delayed Recall (p = .036) (after adjustment for blood glucose) showed that men, but not women, with higher BMI demonstrated worse performance (p = .036). Lastly, significant main effects indicated that lower VO2max was related to poorer logical memory, and higher BMI was associated with poorer Trail Making B and Stroop interference scores (p's < .05). CONCLUSIONS Among men, higher cardiorespiratory fitness may protect against the negative impact of greater BMI on manual dexterity and motor speed, making VO2max a target for intervention. Higher BMI is further associated with poorer executive function and verbal memory (in men), and lower VO2max is associated with poorer verbal memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Eric Turnquist
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Peter H MacIver
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leslie I Katzel
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shari R Waldstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Rebelos E, Latva-Rasku A, Koskensalo K, Pekkarinen L, Saukko E, Ihalainen J, Honka MJ, Tuisku J, Bucci M, Laurila S, Rajander J, Salminen P, Nummenmaa L, Jansen JFA, Ferrannini E, Nuutila P. Insulin-stimulated brain glucose uptake correlates with brain metabolites in severe obesity: A combined neuroimaging study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:407-418. [PMID: 37824728 PMCID: PMC10870965 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231207114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The human brain undergoes metabolic adaptations in obesity, but the underlying mechanisms have remained largely unknown. We compared concentrations of often reported brain metabolites measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS, 3 T MRI) in the occipital lobe in subjects with obesity and lean controls under different metabolic conditions (fasting, insulin clamp, following weight loss). Brain glucose uptake (BGU) quantified with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET)) was also performed in a subset of subjects during clamp. In dataset A, 48 participants were studied during fasting with brain 1H-MRS, while in dataset B 21 participants underwent paired brain 1H-MRS acquisitions under fasting and clamp conditions. In dataset C 16 subjects underwent brain 18F-FDG-PET and 1H-MRS during clamp. In the fasting state, total N-acetylaspartate was lower in subjects with obesity, while brain myo-inositol increased in response to hyperinsulinemia similarly in both lean participants and subjects with obesity. During clamp, BGU correlated positively with brain glutamine/glutamate, total choline, and total creatine levels. Following weight loss, brain creatine levels were increased, whereas increases in other metabolites remained not significant. To conclude, insulin signaling and glucose metabolism are significantly coupled with several of the changes in brain metabolites that occur in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Rebelos
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aino Latva-Rasku
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kalle Koskensalo
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Pekkarinen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Saukko
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Ihalainen
- Turku PET Centre, Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jouni Tuisku
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marco Bucci
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanna Laurila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Rajander
- Turku PET Centre, Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Paulina Salminen
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Surgery, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jacobus FA Jansen
- Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ele Ferrannini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Tao B, Tian P, Hao Z, Qi Z, Zhang J, Liu J, Liu J, Li M, Zhang Z, Zhang P. Bariatric Surgery Improves Cognition Function in the Patients with Obesity: A Meta-Analysis. Obes Surg 2024; 34:1004-1017. [PMID: 38342815 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and related comorbidities have negative impacts on cognitive function. Weight loss seems to be associated with the improvement of cognitive function and the recovery of brain structure, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the status of cognitive function including memory, executive function, attention and language ability in patients with obesity, and to further investigate whether bariatric surgery can improve overall cognitive function in these patients. A total of 11 literatures with 728 subjects were included after retrieval and exclusion. The meta-analysis showed significant improvements in memory, attention and executive function scores after undergoing bariatric surgery in the patients with obesity. However, there was no significant improvement in language ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Tao
- Division of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, General Surgery Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Peirong Tian
- Division of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, General Surgery Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhen Hao
- Division of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, General Surgery Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zitian Qi
- Division of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, General Surgery Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Division of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, General Surgery Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Division of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, General Surgery Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jingli Liu
- Division of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, General Surgery Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Mengyi Li
- Division of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, General Surgery Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- Division of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, General Surgery Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Division of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, General Surgery Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Lin S, Jiang L, Wei K, Yang J, Cao X, Li C. Sex-Specific Association of Body Mass Index with Hippocampal Subfield Volume and Cognitive Function in Non-Demented Chinese Older Adults. Brain Sci 2024; 14:170. [PMID: 38391744 PMCID: PMC10887390 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research suggests a possible association between midlife obesity and an increased risk of dementia in later life. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Little is known about the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and hippocampal subfield atrophy. In this study, we aimed to explore the associations between BMI and hippocampal subfield volumes and cognitive function in non-demented Chinese older adults. Hippocampal volumes were assessed using structural magnetic resonance imaging. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). A total of 66 participants were included in the final analysis, with 35 females and 31 males. We observed a significant correlation between BMI and the hippocampal fissure volume in older females. In addition, there was a negative association between BMI and the RBANS total scale score, the coding score, and the story recall score, whereas no significant correlations were observed in older males. In conclusion, our findings revealed sex-specific associations between BMI and hippocampal subfield volumes and cognitive performance, providing valuable insights into the development of effective interventions for the early prevention of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Lijuan Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201108, China
- Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mental Health, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xinyi Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
- Clinical Neurocognitive Research Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
- Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
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Hu Y, Li G, Zhang W, Wang J, Ji W, Yu J, Han Y, Cui G, Wang H, Manza P, Volkow N, Ji G, Wang GJ, Zhang Y. Obesity is associated with alterations in anatomical connectivity of frontal-corpus callosum. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae014. [PMID: 38300178 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been linked to abnormal frontal function, including the white matter fibers of anterior portion of the corpus callosum, which is crucial for information exchange within frontal cortex. However, alterations in white matter anatomical connectivity between corpus callosum and cortical regions in patients with obesity have not yet been investigated. Thus, we enrolled 72 obese and 60 age-/gender-matched normal weight participants who underwent clinical measurements and diffusion tensor imaging. Probabilistic tractography with connectivity-based classification was performed to segment the corpus callosum and quantify white matter anatomical connectivity between subregions of corpus callosum and cortical regions, and associations between corpus callosum-cortex white matter anatomical connectivity and clinical behaviors were also assessed. Relative to normal weight individuals, individuals with obesity exhibited significantly greater white matter anatomical connectivity of corpus callosum-orbitofrontal cortex, which was positively correlated with body mass index and self-reported disinhibition of eating behavior, and lower white matter anatomical connectivity of corpus callosum-prefrontal cortex, which was significantly negatively correlated with craving for high-calorie food cues. The findings show that alterations in white matter anatomical connectivity between corpus callosum and frontal regions involved in reward and executive control are associated with abnormal eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Guanya Li
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Weibin Ji
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Juan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 4 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Guangbin Cui
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 4 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Haoyi Wang
- College of Westa, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Peter Manza
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 10 Center Drive, MSC1013, Building 10, Room B2L304, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nora Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 10 Center Drive, MSC1013, Building 10, Room B2L304, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 10 Center Drive, MSC1013, Building 10, Room B2L304, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
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Atasoy B, Balsak S, Donmez Z, Yurtsever I, Yabul F, Akcay A, Atila N, Cesme DH, Toluk O, Alkan A. Evaluation of the white matter integrity in morbidly obese patients before and after bariatric surgery; a diffusion tensor imaging study. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2023; 51:1403-1409. [PMID: 37644657 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the difference in FA (Fractional anisotropy), ADC (Apparent diffusion coefficient), RD (Radial diffusivity) and AD (axial diffusivity) values of white matter (WM) tracts in morbidly obese subjects before and after bariatric surgery (BS). MATERIALS AND METHODS A group of thirty-nine morbidly obese subjects are evaluated before and 4-6 months after BS. ADC, FA, RD and AD values of 17 distinct neuroanatomic localizations are measured and DTI parameters are analyzed. RESULTS Following the BS, the patients' mean BMI decreased from 47.665.21 to 31.723.97. A significant difference is displayed between the pre-surgery and post-surgery FA values of SLF, SFOF, ALIC, fornix, ILF, CST, MCP (p = 0.010, p < 0.001, p = 0.048, p = 0.014, p = 0.012, p = 0.012, p = 0.040 respectively). Following BS, decrease in FA values in the mentioned areas are detected. ADC values obtained from MCP are significantly lower in the post-BS period compared to pre-BS period (p = 0.018). There was a statistically significant difference between the pre-surgery and post-surgery AD values of SLF, SFOF, ILF, ALIC, EC, CST, and MCP (p = 0.001, p = 0.022, p = 0.001, p = 0.011, p = 0.001, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, respectively). Following the BS, AD values of the SLF, SFOF, ILF, ALIC, EC, CST, and MCP are decreased. RD values measured from GCC are significantly lower in the post-BS period compared to pre-BS period (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION Our study supported the hypothesis of the BS-induced reversibility of the low-grade inflammation in WM tracts in the morbidly obese group following BS. Our DTI results may represent the subacute period findings of the reversal of low-grade inflammation after BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Atasoy
- Department of Radiology, Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Balsak
- Department of Radiology, Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Donmez
- Department of Radiology, Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Yurtsever
- Department of Radiology, Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yabul
- Department of Radiology, Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Akcay
- Department of Radiology, Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Naz Atila
- Department of Radiology, Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Hacer Cesme
- Department of Radiology, Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Toluk
- Department of Bioistatistics, Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alpay Alkan
- Department of Radiology, Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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Kuang Q, Huang M, Lei Y, Wu L, Jin C, Dai J, Zhou F. Clinical and cognitive correlates tractography analysis in patients with white matter hyperintensity of vascular origin. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1187979. [PMID: 37397447 PMCID: PMC10311635 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1187979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose White matter hyperintensity lesions (WMHL) in the brain are a consequence of cerebral small vessel disease and microstructural damage. Patients with WMHL have diverse clinical features, and hypertension, advanced age, obesity, and cognitive decline are often observed. However, whether these clinical features are linked to interrupted structural connectivity in the brain requires further investigation. This study therefore explores the white matter pathways associated with WMHL, with the objective of identifying neural correlates for clinical features in patients with WMHL. Methods Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and several clinical features (MoCA scores, hypertension scores, body mass index (BMI), duration of hypertension, total white matter lesion loads, and education.) highly related to WMHL were obtained in 16 patients with WMHL and 20 health controls. We used diffusion MRI connectometry to explore the relationship between clinical features and specific white matter tracts using DSI software. Results The results showed that the anterior splenium of the corpus callosum, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, the anterior corpus callosum and the middle cerebellar peduncle were significantly correlated with hypertension scores (false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.044). The anterior splenium of the corpus callosum, the left thalamoparietal tract, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and the left cerebellar were significantly correlated with MoCA scores (FDR = 0.016). The anterior splenium of corpus callosum, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, cingulum fasciculus, and fornix/fimbria were significantly correlated with body mass index (FDR = 0.001). Conclusion Our findings show that hypertension score, MoCA score, and BMI are important clinical features in patients with WMHL, hypertension degree and higher BMI are associated with whiter matter local disconnection in patients with WMHL, and may contribute to understanding the cognitive impairments observed in patients with WMHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinmei Kuang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Muhua Huang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Yumeng Lei
- Department of Radiology, Nanchang First Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiankun Dai
- GE Healthcare, MR Research China, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqing Zhou
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
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9
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Zhang Y, Ji W, Jiang F, Wu F, Li G, Hu Y, Zhang W, Wang J, Fan X, Wei X, Manza P, Tomasi D, Volkow ND, Gao X, Wang GJ, Zhang Y. Associations among body mass index, working memory performance, gray matter volume, and brain activation in healthy children. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:6335-6344. [PMID: 36573454 PMCID: PMC10422922 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the association between poorer working memory performance and higher body mass index (BMI) in children. We employed structural-(sMRI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a 2-back working memory task to examine brain abnormalities and their associations with BMI and working memory performance in 232 children with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) and 244 normal weight children (NW) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development dataset. OW/OB had lower working memory accuracy, which was associated with higher BMI. They showed smaller gray matter (GM) volumes in the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG_L), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, medial orbital frontal cortex, and medial superior frontal gyrus, which were associated with lower working memory accuracy. During the working memory task, OW/OB relative to NW showed weaker activation in the left superior temporal pole, amygdala, insula, and bilateral caudate. In addition, caudate activation mediated the relationship between higher BMI and lower working memory accuracy. Higher BMI is associated with smaller GM volumes and weaker brain activation in regions involved with working memory. Task-related caudate dysfunction may account for lower working memory accuracy in children with higher BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Weibin Ji
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Fukun Jiang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Feifei Wu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Guanya Li
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Xiaorong Wei
- Kindergarten affiliated to Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Peter Manza
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 10 Center Drive, MSC1013, Building 10, Room B2L304, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 10 Center Drive, MSC1013, Building 10, Room B2L304, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 10 Center Drive, MSC1013, Building 10, Room B2L304, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Xinbo Gao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No. 2, Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, No. 2, Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400064, China
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 10 Center Drive, MSC1013, Building 10, Room B2L304, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, No. 266, Xifeng Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
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10
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Brooks SJ, Smith C, Stamoulis C. Excess BMI in early adolescence adversely impacts maturating functional circuits supporting high-level cognition and their structural correlates. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023:10.1038/s41366-023-01303-7. [PMID: 37012426 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Adverse effects of excess BMI (affecting 1 in 5 children in the US) on brain circuits during neurodevelopmentally vulnerable periods are incompletely understood. This study investigated BMI-related alterations in maturating functional networks and their underlying brain structures, and high-level cognition in early adolescence. SUBJECTS/METHODS Cross-sectional resting-state fMRI, structural sMRI, neurocognitive task scores, and BMI from 4922 youth [median (IQR) age = 120.0 (13.0) months, 2572 females (52.25%)] from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) cohort were analyzed. Comprehensive topological and morphometric network properties were estimated from fMRI and sMRI, respectively. Cross-validated linear regression models assessed correlations with BMI. Results were reproduced across multiple fMRI datasets. RESULTS Almost 30% of youth had excess BMI, including 736 (15.0%) with overweight and 672 (13.7%) with obesity, and statistically more Black and Hispanic compared to white, Asian and non-Hispanic youth (p < 0.01). Those with obesity or overweight were less physically active, slept less than recommended, snored more frequently, and spent more time using an electronic device (p < 0.01). They also had lower topological efficiency, resilience, connectivity, connectedness and clustering in Default-Mode, dorsal attention, salience, control, limbic, and reward networks (p ≤ 0.04, Cohen's d: 0.07-0.39). Lower cortico-thalamic efficiency and connectivity were estimated only in youth with obesity (p < 0.01, Cohen's d: 0.09-0.19). Both groups had lower cortical thickness, volume and white matter intensity in these networks' constituent structures, particularly anterior cingulate, entorhinal, prefrontal, and lateral occipital cortices (p < 0.01, Cohen's d: 0.12-0.30), which also mediated inverse relationships between BMI and regional functional topologies. Youth with obesity or overweight had lower scores in a task measuring fluid reasoning - a core aspect of cognitive function, which were partially correlated with topological changes (p ≤ 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Excess BMI in early adolescence may be associated with profound aberrant topological alterations in maturating functional circuits and underdeveloped brain structures that adversely impact core aspects of cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skylar J Brooks
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Calli Smith
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Stamoulis
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Dietze LMF, McWhinney SR, Radua J, Hajek T. Extended and replicated white matter changes in obesity: Voxel-based and region of interest meta-analyses of diffusion tensor imaging studies. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1108360. [PMID: 36960197 PMCID: PMC10028081 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1108360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity has become a global public health issue, which impacts general health and the brain. Associations between obesity and white matter microstructure measured using diffusion tensor imaging have been under reviewed, despite a relatively large number of individual studies. Our objective was to determine the association between obesity and white matter microstructure in a large general population sample. Methods We analyzed location of brain white matter changes in obesity using the Anisotropic Effect Size Seed-based d Mapping (AES-SDM) method in a voxel-based meta-analysis, with validation in a region of interest (ROI) effect size meta-analysis. Our sample included 21 742 individuals from 51 studies. Results The voxel-based spatial meta-analysis demonstrated reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) with obesity in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, middle cerebellar peduncles, anterior thalamic radiation, cortico-spinal projections, and cerebellum. The ROI effect size meta-analysis replicated associations between obesity and lower FA in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, middle cerebellar peduncles. Effect size of obesity related brain changes was small to medium. Discussion Our findings demonstrate obesity related brain white matter changes are localized rather than diffuse. Better understanding the brain correlates of obesity could help identify risk factors, and targets for prevention or treatment of brain changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorielle M. F. Dietze
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Joaquim Radua
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Hajek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Tomas Hajek,
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12
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Zapparoli L, Devoto F, Giannini G, Zonca S, Gallo F, Paulesu E. Neural structural abnormalities behind altered brain activation in obesity: Evidence from meta-analyses of brain activation and morphometric data. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103179. [PMID: 36088842 PMCID: PMC9474923 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents a risk factor for disability with a major bearing on life expectancy. Neuroimaging techniques are contributing to clarify its neurobiological underpinnings. Here, we explored whether structural brain abnormalities might accompany altered brain activations in obesity. We combined and compared data from brain activation studies for food stimuli and the data reported in structural voxel-based morphometry studies. We found that obese individuals have reduced grey matter density and functional activations in the thalamus and midbrain. A functional connectivity analysis based on these two clusters and its quantitative decoding showed that these regions are part of the reward system functional brain network. Moreover, we found specific grey matter hypo-densities in prefrontal cortex for the obese subjects, regions involved in controlled behaviour. These results support theories of obesity that point to reduced bottom-up reward processes (i.e., the Reward Deficit Theory), but also top-down theories postulating a deficit in cognitive control (i.e., the Inhibitory Control Deficit Theory). The same results also warrant a more systematic exploration of obesity whereby the reward of food and the intentional control over consummatory behaviour is manipulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zapparoli
- Psychology Department and NeuroMi – Milan Centre for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy,IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy,Corresponding authors.
| | - Francantonio Devoto
- Psychology Department and NeuroMi – Milan Centre for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannini
- Psychology Department and NeuroMi – Milan Centre for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Zonca
- Psychology Department and NeuroMi – Milan Centre for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Gallo
- Psychology Department and NeuroMi – Milan Centre for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Eraldo Paulesu
- Psychology Department and NeuroMi – Milan Centre for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy,IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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13
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Andica C, Kamagata K, Uchida W, Takabayashi K, Shimoji K, Kaga H, Someya Y, Tamura Y, Kawamori R, Watada H, Hori M, Aoki S. White matter fiber-specific degeneration in older adults with metabolic syndrome. Mol Metab 2022; 62:101527. [PMID: 35691528 PMCID: PMC9234232 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as a complex of interrelated risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, including glucose intolerance, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Studies using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have reported white matter (WM) microstructural abnormalities in MetS. However, interpretation of DTI metrics is limited primarily due to the challenges of modeling complex WM structures. The present study used fixel-based analysis (FBA) to assess the effect of MetS on the fiber tract-specific WM microstructure in older adults and its relationship with MetS-related measurements and cognitive and locomotor functions to better understand the pathophysiology of MetS. METHODS Fixel-based metrics, including microstructural fiber density (FD), macrostructural fiber-bundle cross-section (FC), and a combination of FD and FC (FDC), were evaluated in 16 healthy controls (no components of MetS; four men; mean age, 71.31 ± 5.06 years), 57 individuals with premetabolic syndrome (preMetS; one or two components of MetS; 29 men; mean age, 72.44 ± 5.82 years), and 46 individuals with MetS (three to five components of MetS; 27 men; mean age, 72.15 ± 4.97 years) using whole-brain exploratory FBA. Tract of interest (TOI) analysis was then performed using TractSeg across 14 selected WM tracts previously associated with MetS. The associations between fixel-based metrics and MetS-related measurements, neuropsychological, and locomotor function tests were also analyzed in individuals with preMetS and MetS combined. In addition, tensor-based metrics (i.e., fractional anisotropy [FA] and mean diffusivity [MD]) were compared among the groups using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis. RESULTS In whole-brain FBA, individuals with MetS showed significantly lower FD, FC, and FDC compared with healthy controls in WM areas, such as the splenium of the corpus callosum (CC), corticospinal tract (CST), middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP), and superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP). Meanwhile, in fixel-based TOI, significantly reduced FD was observed in individuals with preMetS and MetS in the anterior thalamic radiation, CST, SCP, and splenium of the CC compared with healthy controls, with relatively greater effect sizes observed in individuals with MetS. Compared with healthy controls, significantly reduced FC and FDC were only demonstrated in individuals with MetS, including regions with loss of FD, inferior cerebellar peduncle, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, MCP, and superior longitudinal fasciculus part I. Furthermore, negative correlations were observed between FD and Brinkman index of cigarette consumption cumulative amount and between FC or FDC and the Trail Making Test (parts B-A), which is a measure of executive function, waist circumference, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Finally, TBSS analysis revealed that FA and MD were not significantly different among all groups. CONCLUSIONS The FBA results demonstrate that substantial axonal loss and atrophy in individuals with MetS and early axonal loss without fiber-bundle morphological changes in those with preMetS within the WM tracts are crucial to cognitive and motor function. FBA also clarified the association between executive dysfunction, abdominal obesity, hyper-low-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia, smoking habit, and compromised WM neural tissue microstructure in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Andica
- Faculty of Health Data Science, Juntendo University, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0013, Japan; Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Koji Kamagata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Wataru Uchida
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kaito Takabayashi
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Keigo Shimoji
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Kaga
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0034, Japan; Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuki Someya
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0034, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Tamura
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0034, Japan; Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Kawamori
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0034, Japan; Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0034, Japan; Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hori
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Radiology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Ota, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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14
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Sinding C, Aveline C, Brindisi MC, Thomas-Danguin T. Flaveur et obésité. CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIÉTÉTIQUE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnd.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Identification of neurodevelopmental transition patterns from infancy to early childhood and risk factors predicting descending transition. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4822. [PMID: 35314751 PMCID: PMC8938496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether neurodevelopmental progress from infancy to early childhood remains stable. Moreover, little is known about the risk factors, if any, affecting neurodevelopmental descending transition patterns and the relationship between these patterns and later childhood adaptive behaviours. We used data of 875 children from the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort Study in Japan. Children’s neurodevelopment at 18 and 32 months and adaptive behaviours at 40 months were evaluated. Perinatal factors and infant overweight status at 18 months were investigated to identify descending-transition-associated risk factors. In the latent transition analysis, ultimately, three classes were identified for each time-point, resulting in nine transition patterns; among them, 10.4% of children showed descending class shifts (normal to delayed class). Such decelerated growth was predicted by maternal pre-pregnancy overweight status (odds ratio [OR] 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23, 5.02), low maternal educational history (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.04, 1.36), and infant overweight status at 18 months (OR 5.89; 95% CI 1.26, 27.45). Children with descending transition showed poor functioning in adaptive behaviours at the age of 40 months. To prevent subsequent poor adaptive functioning, it may be necessary to consider that a certain percentage of children show decelerated growth.
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16
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Rasmussen JM, Thompson PM, Entringer S, Buss C, Wadhwa PD. Fetal programming of human energy homeostasis brain networks: Issues and considerations. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13392. [PMID: 34845821 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a transdisciplinary framework and testable hypotheses regarding the process of fetal programming of energy homeostasis brain circuitry. Our model proposes that key aspects of energy homeostasis brain circuitry already are functional by the time of birth (with substantial interindividual variation); that this phenotypic variation at birth is an important determinant of subsequent susceptibility for energy imbalance and childhood obesity risk; and that this brain circuitry exhibits developmental plasticity, in that it is influenced by conditions during intrauterine life, particularly maternal-placental-fetal endocrine, immune/inflammatory, and metabolic processes and their upstream determinants. We review evidence that supports the scientific premise for each element of this formulation, identify future research directions, particularly recent advances that may facilitate a better quantification of the ontogeny of energy homeostasis brain networks, highlight animal and in vitro-based approaches that may better address the determinants of interindividual variation in energy homeostasis brain networks, and discuss the implications of this formulation for the development of strategies targeted towards the primary prevention of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerod M Rasmussen
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Claudia Buss
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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17
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Laczkovics C, Nenning KH, Wittek T, Schmidbauer V, Schwarzenberg J, Maurer ES, Wagner G, Seidel S, Philipp J, Prayer D, Kasprian G, Karwautz A. White matter integrity is disrupted in adolescents with acute anorexia nervosa: A diffusion tensor imaging study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 320:111427. [PMID: 34952446 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a highly debilitating mental illness with multifactorial etiology. It oftentimes begins in adolescence, therefore understanding the pathophysiology in this period is important. Few studies investigated the possible impact of the acute state of illness on white matter (WM) tissue properties in the developing adolescent brain. The present study expands our understanding of the implications of AN and starvation on WM integrity. 67 acutely ill adolescent patients suffering from AN restricting type were compared with 32 healthy controls using diffusion tensor imaging assessing fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). We found widespread alterations in the vast majority of the WM regions with significantly decreased FA and increased MD in the AN group. In this highly selective sample in the acute stage of AN, the alterations are likely to be the consequence of starvation. Still, we cannot rule out that some of the affected regions might play a key role in AN-specific psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Laczkovics
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
| | - Karl-Heinz Nenning
- Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Wittek
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Victor Schmidbauer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Schwarzenberg
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Sophie Maurer
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gudrun Wagner
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Seidel
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Philipp
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Prayer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Kasprian
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Karwautz
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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18
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Okudzhava L, Heldmann M, Münte TF. A systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging studies in obesity. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13388. [PMID: 34908217 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major global health problem leading to serious complications. It has been consistently associated with alterations in brain structure. Diffusion tensor imaging is used to examine brain white matter microstructure by assessing the dynamics of water diffusion in white matter tracts. Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity are two parameters measuring the directionality and rate of diffusion, respectively. Changes in these indices associated with obesity have been previously reported in numerous fiber tracts. This systematic review investigates microstructural white matter alterations in obesity using diffusion tensor imaging. A computerized search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Livivo databases. Based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 31 cross-sectional studies comparing individuals with obesity and lean controls were identified. The studies included mixed-gender samples of children, young, middle-aged, and older adults. The majority of included studies reported decreased fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity associated with elevated body mass index, suggesting white matter abnormalities. Nevertheless, a pattern of alterations is inconsistent across studies. This could be explained by several potential biases assessed by the National Institute of Health quality assessment tool. Furthermore, a direct assessment of body fat is recommended for a more accurate characterization of the brain-body relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Okudzhava
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marcus Heldmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas F Münte
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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19
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Beck D, de Lange AG, Pedersen ML, Alnæs D, Maximov II, Voldsbekk I, Richard G, Sanders A, Ulrichsen KM, Dørum ES, Kolskår KK, Høgestøl EA, Steen NE, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA, Nordvik JE, Kaufmann T, Westlye LT. Cardiometabolic risk factors associated with brain age and accelerate brain ageing. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:700-720. [PMID: 34626047 PMCID: PMC8720200 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure and integrity of the ageing brain is interchangeably linked to physical health, and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRs) are associated with dementia and other brain disorders. In this mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal study (interval mean = 19.7 months), including 790 healthy individuals (mean age = 46.7 years, 53% women), we investigated CMRs and health indicators including anthropometric measures, lifestyle factors, and blood biomarkers in relation to brain structure using MRI-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We performed tissue specific brain age prediction using machine learning and performed Bayesian multilevel modeling to assess changes in each CMR over time, their respective association with brain age gap (BAG), and their interaction effects with time and age on the tissue-specific BAGs. The results showed credible associations between DTI-based BAG and blood levels of phosphate and mean cell volume (MCV), and between T1-based BAG and systolic blood pressure, smoking, pulse, and C-reactive protein (CRP), indicating older-appearing brains in people with higher cardiometabolic risk (smoking, higher blood pressure and pulse, low-grade inflammation). Longitudinal evidence supported interactions between both BAGs and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and between DTI-based BAG and systolic blood pressure and smoking, indicating accelerated ageing in people with higher cardiometabolic risk (smoking, higher blood pressure, and WHR). The results demonstrate that cardiometabolic risk factors are associated with brain ageing. While randomized controlled trials are needed to establish causality, our results indicate that public health initiatives and treatment strategies targeting modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors may also improve risk trajectories and delay brain ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Beck
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOslo
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HTNesodden
| | - Ann‐Marie G. de Lange
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo
- LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences‐Department of Clinical NeurosciencesCHUV and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Mads L. Pedersen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOslo
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo
- Bjørknes CollegeOsloNorway
| | - Ivan I. Maximov
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOslo
- Department of Health and FunctioningWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesBergenNorway
| | - Irene Voldsbekk
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOslo
| | - Geneviève Richard
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo
| | - Anne‐Marthe Sanders
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOslo
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HTNesodden
| | - Kristine M. Ulrichsen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOslo
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HTNesodden
| | - Erlend S. Dørum
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOslo
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HTNesodden
| | - Knut K. Kolskår
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOslo
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HTNesodden
| | - Einar A. Høgestøl
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOslo
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental DisordersUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | - Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of TübingenTubingenGermany
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOslo
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental DisordersUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
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20
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Rahmani F, Wang Q, McKay NS, Keefe S, Hantler N, Hornbeck R, Wang Y, Hassenstab J, Schindler S, Xiong C, Morris JC, Benzinger TL, Raji CA. Sex-Specific Patterns of Body Mass Index Relationship with White Matter Connectivity. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1831-1848. [PMID: 35180116 PMCID: PMC9108572 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is an increasingly recognized modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increased body mass index (BMI) is related to distinct changes in white matter (WM) fiber density and connectivity. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether sex differentially affects the relationship between BMI and WM structural connectivity. METHODS A cross-sectional sample of 231 cognitively normal participants were enrolled from the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center. Connectome analyses were done with diffusion data reconstructed using q-space diffeomorphic reconstruction to obtain the spin distribution function and tracts were selected using a deterministic fiber tracking algorithm. RESULTS We identified an inverse relationship between higher BMI and lower connectivity in the associational fibers of the temporal lobe in overweight and obese men. Normal to overweight women showed a significant positive association between BMI and connectivity in a wide array of WM fibers, an association that reversed in obese and morbidly obese women. Interaction analyses revealed that with increasing BMI, women showed higher WM connectivity in the bilateral frontoparietal and parahippocampal parts of the cingulum, while men showed lower connectivity in right sided corticostriatal and corticopontine tracts. Subgroup analyses demonstrated comparable results in participants with and without positron emission tomography or cerebrospinal fluid evidence of brain amyloidosis, indicating that the relationship between BMI and structural connectivity in men and women is independent of AD biomarker status. CONCLUSION BMI influences structural connectivity of WM differently in men and women across BMI categories and this relationship does not vary as a function of preclinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Rahmani
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicole S. McKay
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah Keefe
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nancy Hantler
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Russ Hornbeck
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Suzanne Schindler
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C. Morris
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (Knight ADRC), Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tammie L.S. Benzinger
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (Knight ADRC), Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cyrus A. Raji
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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21
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Li L, Yu H, Zhong M, Liu S, Wei W, Meng Y, Li ML, Li T, Wang Q. Gray matter volume alterations in subjects with overweight and obesity: Evidence from a voxel-based meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:955741. [PMID: 36226110 PMCID: PMC9548618 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.955741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a multi-systemic disease with complex etiology. And consistent evidence indicated obesity or overweight subjects render brain structure changes. Increasing evidence indicates these subjects have shown widespread structural brain gray matter volume (GMV) changes. However, results from other neuroimaging studies have been inconsistent. Consequently, the question remains whether body mass index (BMI), a gold standard to define obesity/overweight, is associated with brain structural changes. METHODS This study will apply an updated meta-analysis of voxel-based GMV studies to compare GMV changes in overweight and obese subjects. Online databases were used to build on relevant studies published before May 2022. The updated Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI) explores GMV changes in individuals with overweight and obesity and further examines the correlation between GMV and obesity-related variables, specifically body mass index (BMI). RESULTS This research included fourteen studies and provided a whole-brain analysis of GMV distribution in overweight and obese individuals. It revealed lower GMV in brain regions, including the left putamen and right precentral gyrus, in individuals with overweight and obesity compared to lean controls. Further, meta-regression analyses revealed GMV in the left middle occipital gyrus was negatively correlated with the BMI of the whole sample. CONCLUSION GMV decreased was reported in reward circuit processing areas and sensorimotor processing areas of individuals with overweight and obesity diagnoses, suggesting an underlying structural basis for reward processing and sensorimotor processing dysregulation in overweight and obese subjects. Our results also suggest that GMV in occipital gyrus, a key region for food visual and gustatory encoding, is negatively associated with BMI. These results provide further evidence for the dysregulated reward circuit in individuals with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Sport and Health Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Siyi Liu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajing Meng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming-Li Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
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22
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Olsthoorn L, Vreeken D, Kiliaan AJ. Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and Cerebrovascular Function: Link Between Obesity and Cognition. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:761456. [PMID: 34938153 PMCID: PMC8685335 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.761456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects 13% of the adult population worldwide and this number is only expected to increase. Obesity is known to have a negative impact on cardiovascular and metabolic health, but it also impacts brain structure and function; it is associated with both gray and white matter integrity loss, as well as decreased cognitive function, including the domains of executive function, memory, inhibition, and language. Especially midlife obesity is associated with both cognitive impairment and an increased risk of developing dementia at later age. However, underlying mechanisms are not yet fully revealed. Here, we review recent literature (published between 2010 and March 2021) and discuss the effects of obesity on brain structure and cognition, with a main focus on the contributions of the gut microbiome, white adipose tissue (WAT), inflammation, and cerebrovascular function. Obesity-associated changes in gut microbiota composition may cause increased gut permeability and inflammation, therewith affecting cognitive function. Moreover, excess of WAT in obesity produces pro-inflammatory adipokines, leading to a low grade systemic peripheral inflammation, which is associated with decreased cognition. The blood-brain barrier also shows increased permeability, allowing among others, peripheral pro-inflammatory markers to access the brain, leading to neuroinflammation, especially in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and amygdala. Altogether, the interaction between the gut microbiota, WAT inflammation, and cerebrovascular integrity plays a significant role in the link between obesity and cognition. Future research should focus more on the interplay between gut microbiota, WAT, inflammation and cerebrovascular function to obtain a better understanding about the complex link between obesity and cognitive function in order to develop preventatives and personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Olsthoorn
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Debby Vreeken
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Bariatric Surgery, Vitalys, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, Netherlands
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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23
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Relationship between obesity and structural brain abnormality: Accumulated evidence from observational studies. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101445. [PMID: 34391946 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the relationship between obesity and structural brain abnormalities assessed by magnetic resonance imaging using data from 45 observational epidemiological studies, where five articles reported prospective longitudinal results. In cross-sectional studies' analyses, the pooled weighted mean difference for total brain volume (TBV) and gray matter volume (GMV) in obese/overweight participants was -11.59 (95 % CI: -23.17 to -0.02) and -10.98 (95 % CI: -20.78 to -1.18), respectively. TBV was adversely associated with BMI and WC, GMV with BMI, and hippocampal volume with BMI, WC, and WHR. WC/WHR are associated with a risk of lacunar and white matter hyperintensity (WMH). In longitudinal studies' analyses, BMI was not statistically associated with the overall structural brain abnormalities (for continuous BMI: RR = 1.02, 95 % CI: 0.94-1.12; for categorial BMI: RR = 1.18, 95 % CI: 0.75-1.85). Small sample size of prospective longitudinal studies limited the power of its pooled estimates. A higher BMI is associated with lower brain volume while greater WC/WHR, but not BMI, is related to a risk of lacunar infarct and WMH. Future longitudinal research is needed to further elucidate the specific causal relationships and explore preventive measures.
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24
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Daoust J, Schaffer J, Zeighami Y, Dagher A, García-García I, Michaud A. White matter integrity differences in obesity: A meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 129:133-141. [PMID: 34284063 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Some Diffusion Tensor Imaging studies have shown a loss of white matter (WM) integrity linked to impaired cognitive function in obese individuals. However, inconsistent WM integrity changes have been reported. We aimed to identify which WM tracts show consistent changes with obesity. We conducted a systematic search to find studies examining the association between obesity-related measures and Fractional Anisotropy (FA) or Mean Diffusivity. We performed a meta-analysis with FA datasets using Anisotropic Effect Size-Signed Differential Mapping software. The meta-analysis showed that increased obesity measurements were related to reduced FA in the genu of the corpus callosum. We validated our findings using an independent sample from the Human Connectome Project dataset, which supports lower FA in this region in individuals with obesity compared to those with normal weight (p = 0.028). Our findings provide evidence that obesity is associated with reduced WM integrity in the genu of the corpus callosum, a tract linking frontal areas involved in executive function. Future studies are needed on the mechanisms linking obesity with loss of WM integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Daoust
- Research Center of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G5, Canada; School of Nutrition, Université Laval, 2325 rue de l'Université, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Joelle Schaffer
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Yashar Zeighami
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Isabel García-García
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 585, 08007, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andréanne Michaud
- Research Center of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G5, Canada; School of Nutrition, Université Laval, 2325 rue de l'Université, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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25
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Bariatric surgery restores visual cortical plasticity in nondiabetic subjects with obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1821-1829. [PMID: 34002040 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00851-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity leads to changes in synaptic plasticity. We aimed at investigating the impact of bariatric surgery (RYGB) on visual neural plasticity (NP) and its relationship with the main gut peptides, leptin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). SUBJECTS/METHODS NP was assessed testing binocular rivalry before and after 2 h of monocular deprivation (index of visual brain plasticity) in 15 subjects with obesity (age 42.3 ± 9.8 years; BMI 46.1 ± 4.9 kg/m2) before and after RYGB. Gut peptides, leptin, and BDNF were obtained at baseline and 6 months after surgery in 13 subjects. RESULTS A significant reduction in BMI (p < 0.001 vs. baseline) and a significant increase of disposition index (DI, p = 0.02 vs baseline) were observed after RYGB. Total and active GLP-1 release in response to glucose ingestion significantly increased after RYGB, while no changes occurred in VIP, GIP, and BDNF levels. Fasting leptin concentration was lower after RYGB (p = 0.001 vs. baseline). Following RYGB, NP was progressively restored (p < 0.002). NP was correlated with DI and fasting glucose at baseline (r = 0.75, p = 0.01; r = -0.7, p = 0.02; respectively), but not with BMI. A positive correlation between post-pre-RYGB changes in AUCactive GLP-1 and NP was observed (r = 0.70, p < 0.01). Leptin was inversely correlated with NP 6 months after surgery (r = -0.63, p = 0.02). No correlation was observed between GIP, VIP, BDNF, and NP. CONCLUSIONS Visual plasticity is altered in subjects with obesity, and it can be restored after RYGB. The improvement may be mediated by amelioration of insulin sensitivity, increased GLP-1 levels, and reduced leptin levels.
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26
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Cai S, Aris IM, Yuan WL, Tan KH, Godfrey KM, Gluckman PD, Shek LPC, Chong YS, Yap F, Fortier MV, Meaney MJ, Lee YS, Qiu A. Neonatal amygdala microstructure mediates the relationship between gestational glycemia and offspring adiposity. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:e001396. [PMID: 33888539 PMCID: PMC8070871 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To determine if variations in the neonatal amygdala mediate the association between maternal antenatal glycemia and offspring adiposity in early childhood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 123 non-obese pregnant women with no pregnancy complications aside from gestational diabetes underwent a 75 g 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test at 26-28 weeks' gestation. Volume and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the neonatal amygdala (5-17 days old) were measured by MRI. The Body Mass Index (BMI) z-scores and sum of skinfold thickness (subscapular and triceps) of these children were tracked up to 60 months of age (18, 24, 36, 48, 54 and 60 months). RESULTS Maternal fasting glucose levels were positively associated with the offspring's sum of skinfold thickness at age 48 months (β=3.12, 95% CI 0.18 to 6.06 mm) and 60 months (β=4.14, 95% CI 0.46 to 7.82 mm) and BMI z-scores at 48 months (β=0.94, 95% CI 0.03 to 1.85), 54 months (β=0.74, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.36) and 60 months (β=0.74, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.39). Maternal fasting glucose was negatively associated with the offspring's FA of the right amygdala (β=-0.019, 95% CI -0.036 to -0.003). Right amygdala FA was negatively associated with the sum of skinfold thickness in the offspring at age 48 months (β=-56.95, 95% CI -98.43 to -15.47 mm), 54 months (β=-46.18, 95% CI -88.57 to -3.78 mm), and 60 months (β=-53.69, 95% CI -105.74 to -1.64 mm). The effect sizes mediated by right amygdala FA between fasting glucose and sum of skinfolds were estimated at β=5.14 (95% CI 0.74 to 9.53) mm (p=0.022), β=4.40 (95% CI 0.08 to 8.72) (p=0.049) mm and β=4.56 (95% CI -0.17 to 9.29) mm (p=0.059) at 48, 54 and 60 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In the offspring of non-obese mothers, gestational fasting glucose concentration is negatively associated with neonatal right amygdala FA and positively associated with childhood adiposity. Neonatal right amygdala FA may be a potential mediator between maternal glycemia and childhood adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Cai
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
- Department for Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wen Lun Yuan
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Aukland, New Zealand
| | - Lynette Pei-Chi Shek
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
- Department for Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anqi Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Bouhrara M, Khattar N, Elango P, Resnick SM, Ferrucci L, Spencer RG. Evidence of association between obesity and lower cerebral myelin content in cognitively unimpaired adults. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:850-859. [PMID: 33483582 PMCID: PMC8009848 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00749-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelin loss is a central feature of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In animal studies, a link has been established between obesity and impairment of oligodendrocyte maturation, the cells that produce and maintain myelin. Although clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have revealed microstructural alterations of cerebral white matter tissue in subjects with obesity, no specific myelin vs. obesity correlation studies have been performed in humans using a direct myelin content metric. OBJECTIVES To assess the association between obesity and myelin integrity in cerebral white matter using advanced MRI methodology for myelin content imaging. METHODS Studies were performed in the clinical unit of the National Institute on Aging on a cohort of 119 cognitively unimpaired adults. Using advanced MRI methodology, we measured whole-brain myelin water fraction (MWF), a marker of myelin content. Automated brain mapping algorithms and statistical models were used to evaluate the relationships between MWF and obesity, measured using the body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC), in various white matter brain regions. RESULTS MWF was negatively associated with BMI or WC in all brain regions evaluated. These associations, adjusted for sex, ethnicity, and age, were statistically significant in most brain regions examined (p < 0.05), with higher BMI or WC corresponding to lower myelin content. Finally, in agreement with previous work, MWF exhibited a quadratic, inverted U-shaped, association with age; this is attributed to the process of myelination from youth through middle age, followed by demyelination afterward. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that obesity was significantly associated with white matter integrity, and in particular myelin content. We expect that this work will lay the foundation for further investigations to clarify the nature of myelin damage in neurodegeneration, including AD, and the effect of lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity on myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Bouhrara
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute
on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, 21224 MD, USA.,†Corresponding author: Mustapha
Bouhrara, PhD., National Institutes of Health (NIH), National
Institute on Aging (NIA), Intramural Research Program, BRC 04B-117, 251 Bayview
Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. Tel: 410-558-8541,
| | - Nikkita Khattar
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute
on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, 21224 MD, USA
| | - Palchamy Elango
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on
Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, 21224 MD, USA
| | - Susan M. Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute
on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, 21224 MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on
Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, 21224 MD, USA
| | - Richard G. Spencer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute
on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, 21224 MD, USA
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Manninen S, Karjalainen T, Tuominen LJ, Hietala J, Kaasinen V, Joutsa J, Rinne J, Nummenmaa L. Cerebral grey matter density is associated with neuroreceptor and neurotransporter availability: A combined PET and MRI study. Neuroimage 2021; 235:117968. [PMID: 33785434 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) can be used for in vivo measurement of specific neuroreceptors and transporters using radioligands, while voxel-based morphometric analysis of magnetic resonance images allows automated estimation of local grey matter densities. However, it is not known how regional neuroreceptor or transporter densities are reflected in grey matter densities. Here, we analyzed brain scans retrospectively from 328 subjects and compared grey matter density estimates with neuroreceptor and transporter availabilities. µ-opioid receptors (MORs) were measured with [11C]carfentanil (162 scans), dopamine D2 receptors with [11C]raclopride (92 scans) and serotonin transporters (SERT) with [11C]MADAM (74 scans). The PET data were modelled with simplified reference tissue model. Voxel-wise correlations between binding potential and grey matter density images were computed. Regional binding of all the used radiotracers was associated with grey matter density in region and ligand-specific manner independently of subjects' age or sex. These data show that grey matter density and MOR and D2R neuroreceptor / SERT availability are correlated, with effect sizes (r2) ranging from 0.04 to 0.69. This suggests that future studies comparing PET outcome measure different groups (such as patients and controls) should also analyze interactive effects of grey matter density and PET outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Manninen
- Turku Pet Centre and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | | | - Lauri J Tuominen
- Turku Pet Centre and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Valtteri Kaasinen
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juho Joutsa
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Rinne
- Turku Pet Centre and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku Pet Centre and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Finland
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29
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Integrative analysis of physiological responses to high fat feeding with diffusion tensor images and neurochemical profiles of the mouse brain. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1203-1214. [PMID: 33574566 PMCID: PMC8159736 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Obesity proceeds with important physiological and microstructural alterations in the brain, but the precise relationships between the diet and feeding status, its physiological responses, and the observed neuroimaging repercussions, remain elusive. Here, we implemented a mouse model of high fat diet (HFD) feeding to explore specific associations between diet, feeding status, phenotypic and endocrine repercussions, and the resulting microstructural and metabolic alterations in the brain, as detected by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurochemical metabolic profiling. Methods Brain DTI images were acquired from adult male C57BL6/J mice after 6 weeks of HFD, or standard diet (SD) administrations, both under the fed, and overnight fasted conditions. Metabolomic profiles of the cortex (Ctx), hippocampus (Hipc), and hypothalamus (Hyp) were determined by 1H high-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) spectroscopy, in cerebral biopsies dissected after microwave fixation. Mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA) maps, and HRMAS profiles were complemented with determinations of phenotypic alterations and plasma levels of appetite-related hormones, measured by indirect calorimetry and multiplex assays, respectively. We used Z-score and alternating least squares scaling (ALSCAL) analysis to investigate specific associations between diet and feeding status, physiological, and imaging parameters. Results HFD induced significant increases in body weight and the plasma levels of glucose and fatty acids in the fed and fasted conditions, as well as higher cerebral MD (Ctx, Hipc, Hyp), FA (Hipc), and mobile saturated fatty acids resonances (Ctx, Hipc, Hyp). Z-score and ASLCAL analysis identified the precise associations between physiological and imaging variables. Conclusions The present study reveals that diet and feeding conditions elicit prominent effects on specific imaging and spectroscopic parameters of the mouse brain that can be associated to the alterations in phenotypic and endocrine variables. Together, present results disclose a neuro-inflammatory response to HFD, characterized primarily by vasogenic edema and compensatory responses in osmolyte concentrations.
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30
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Gómez-Apo E, Mondragón-Maya A, Ferrari-Díaz M, Silva-Pereyra J. Structural Brain Changes Associated with Overweight and Obesity. J Obes 2021; 2021:6613385. [PMID: 34327017 PMCID: PMC8302366 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6613385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem with a broad set of comorbidities, such as malnutrition, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, systemic hypertension, heart failure, and kidney failure. This review describes recent findings of neuroimaging and two studies of cell density regarding the roles of overnutrition-induced hypothalamic inflammation in neurodegeneration. These studies provided consistent evidence of smaller cortical thickness or reduction in the gray matter volume in people with overweight and obesity; however, the investigated brain regions varied across the studies. In general, bilateral frontal and temporal areas, basal nuclei, and cerebellum are more commonly involved. Mechanisms of volume reduction are unknown, and neuroinflammation caused by obesity is likely to induce neuronal loss. Adipocytes, macrophages of the adipose tissue, and gut dysbiosis in overweight and obese individuals result in the secretion of the cytokines and chemokines that cross the blood-brain barrier and may stimulate microglia, which in turn also release proinflammatory cytokines. This leads to chronic low-grade neuroinflammation and may be an important factor for apoptotic signaling and neuronal death. Additionally, significant microangiopathy observed in rat models may be another important mechanism of induction of apoptosis. Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) may be similar to that in metabolic diseases induced by malnutrition. Poor cognitive performance, mainly in executive functions, in individuals with obesity is also discussed. This review highlights the neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms linked to obesity and emphasizes the importance of developing effective prevention and treatment intervention strategies for overweight and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Gómez-Apo
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Mondragón-Maya
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Martina Ferrari-Díaz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Juan Silva-Pereyra
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
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31
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Carbine KA, Duraccio KM, Hedges-Muncy A, Barnett KA, Kirwan CB, Jensen CD. White matter integrity disparities between normal-weight and overweight/obese adolescents: an automated fiber quantification tractography study. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 14:308-319. [PMID: 30719618 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Obese adults have been shown to have poorer white brain matter integrity relative to normal-weight peers, but few studies have tested whether white matter integrity is compromised in overweight and obese adolescents. Also, it is unclear if age interacts with body mass to affect white matter integrity in adolescents. We used Automated Fiber Quantification, a tractography method, to compare fractional anisotropy between normal-weight and overweight/obese adolescents in the corpus callosum, corticospinal tract, cingulum, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and uncinate fasciculus. Further, we tested whether any differences were moderated by age. Forty-seven normal-weight and forty overweight/obese adolescents were scanned using a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scan sequence. Overweight/obese compared to normal-weight adolescents had decreased white matter integrity in the superior frontal corpus callosum, left and right uncinate fasciculi, left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and left corticospinal tract, which may be related to heightened reward processing. Overweight/obese compared to normal-weight adolescents had increased white matter integrity in the orbital and anterior frontal corpus callosum, right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, left cingulum, and left corticospinal tract, which may be related to heightened attentional processing. As age increased, six tracts showed poorer white matter integrity as body mass index percentile (BMI%) increased, but three tracts showed greater white matter integrity as BMI% increased. Future research examining associations between white matter integrity and neural indices of food-related reward and attention are needed to clarify the functional significance of white matter integrity discrepancies between normal-weight and overweight/obese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylie A Carbine
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, 223 TLRB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Kara M Duraccio
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, 223 TLRB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Ariana Hedges-Muncy
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, 223 TLRB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Kimberly A Barnett
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, 223 TLRB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - C Brock Kirwan
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, 223 TLRB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Chad D Jensen
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, 223 TLRB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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Chen EY, Eickhoff SB, Giovannetti T, Smith DV. Obesity is associated with reduced orbitofrontal cortex volume: A coordinate-based meta-analysis. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 28:102420. [PMID: 32961404 PMCID: PMC7509458 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neural models of obesity vary in their focus upon prefrontal and striatal differences. Animal and human studies suggest that differential functioning of the orbitofrontal cortex is associated with obesity. However, meta-analyses of functional neuroimaging studies have not found a clear relationship between the orbitofrontal cortex and obesity. Meta-analyses of structural imaging studies of obesity have shown mixed findings with regards to an association with reduced orbitofrontal cortex gray matter volume. To clarify these findings, we conducted a meta-analysis of 25 voxel-based morphometry studies, and found that greater body mass index is associated with decreased gray matter volume in the right orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmanns' areas 10 and 11), where family-wise corrected p < .05, N = 7,612. Use of the right orbitofrontal cortex as a seed in a Neurosynth Network Coactivation analysis showed that this region is associated with activity in the left frontal medial cortex, left temporal lobe, right precuneus cortex, posterior division of the left middle temporal gyrus, and right frontal pole. When Neurosynth Network Coactivation results were submitted as regions of interest in the Human Connectome Project data, we found that greater body mass index was associated with greater activity in left frontal medial cortex response to the Gambling Task, where p < .05, although this did not survive Bonferroni-correction. Our findings highlight the importance of the orbitofrontal cortex structure and functioning in neural models of obesity. Exploratory analyses suggest more studies are needed that examine the functional significance of reduced orbitofrontal cortex gray matter volume in obesity, and the effect of age and weight changes on this relationship using longitudinal designs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Germany
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33
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Estella NM, Sanches LG, Maranhão MF, Hoexter MQ, Schmidt U, Campbell IC, Amaro E, Claudino AM. Brain white matter microstructure in obese women with binge eating disorder. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2020; 28:525-535. [PMID: 32705772 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research on potential brain circuit abnormalities in binge eating disorder (BED) is limited. Here, we assess white matter (WM) microstructure in obese women with BED. METHOD Diffusion tensor imaging data were acquired, and tract-based spatial statistics used to examine WM in women with BED who were obese (n = 17) compared to normal-weight (NWC) (n = 17) and to women who were obese (OBC) (n = 13). Body mass index (BMI) was a covariate in the analyses. RESULTS The BED group (vs. NWC) had greater axial diffusion (AD) in the forceps minor, anterior thalamic radiation, superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculus, that is, in pathways connecting fronto-limbic regions. Microstructures differences in AD between the BED and OBC groups were seen in fronto-limbic pathways extending to temporoparietal pathways. The BED (vs. OBC) group had greater fractional anisotropy in the forceps minor and greater AD in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, cingulate gyrus, and corpus callosum, consistent with fronto-tempoparietal pathways. CONCLUSION Women with BED show WM alterations in AD in fronto-limbic and parietal pathways that are important in decision-making processes. As BMI was a covariate in the analyses, alterations in BED may be part of the pathology, but whether they are a cause or effect of illness is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Mendes Estella
- Eating Disorder Program (PROATA), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mara Fernandes Maranhão
- Eating Disorder Program (PROATA), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Queiroz Hoexter
- Eating Disorder Program (PROATA), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London (KCL), London, UK
| | - Iain C Campbell
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London (KCL), London, UK
| | - Edson Amaro
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angélica Medeiros Claudino
- Eating Disorder Program (PROATA), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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34
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Neuroanatomical changes in white and grey matter after sleeve gastrectomy. Neuroimage 2020; 213:116696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
Midlife obesity has been associated with poor cognitive functioning in older age, but the bidirectional pathways linking the brain and excessive adipose tissue require further research. In this issue of Psychosomatic Medicine, two investigations address the brain responses to food-related cues and psychological stressors relevant to obesity. Moazzami and colleagues document the relationship between abdominal obesity and brain responses to stress among patients with coronary artery disease and find that stress-related brain activity plays a potentially important role in the link between psychological distress, food cravings, and eating patterns relevant to obesity. Donofry and colleagues compare food cue-evoked functional connectivity in adults with obesity and report that brain areas involved in impaired self-regulation and reward processing may increase the risk of obesity by influencing decisions regarding diet and exercise. In this editorial, these findings are discussed in the context of brain-obesity interactions and the need for personalized multidisciplinary interventions for obesity. It is possible that functional magnetic resonance imaging and other indices of brain functioning will be useful in tailoring interventions that target weight reduction and/or cognitive functioning and monitoring treatment progress.
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Samara A, Murphy T, Strain J, Rutlin J, Sun P, Neyman O, Sreevalsan N, Shimony JS, Ances BM, Song SK, Hershey T, Eisenstein SA. Neuroinflammation and White Matter Alterations in Obesity Assessed by Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 13:464. [PMID: 31992978 PMCID: PMC6971102 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human obesity is associated with low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, alterations in brain structure and function, and cognitive impairment. Rodent models of obesity show that high-calorie diets cause brain inflammation (neuroinflammation) in multiple regions, including the hippocampus, and impairments in hippocampal-dependent memory tasks. To determine if similar effects exist in humans with obesity, we applied Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging (DBSI) to evaluate neuroinflammation and axonal integrity. We examined diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in two independent cohorts of obese and non-obese individuals (Cohort 1: 25 obese/21 non-obese; Cohort 2: 18 obese/41 non-obese). We applied Tract-based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) to allow whole-brain white matter (WM) analyses and compare DBSI-derived isotropic and anisotropic diffusion measures between the obese and non-obese groups. In both cohorts, the obese group had significantly greater DBSI-derived restricted fraction (DBSI-RF; an indicator of neuroinflammation-related cellularity), and significantly lower DBSI-derived fiber fraction (DBSI-FF; an indicator of apparent axonal density) in several WM tracts (all corrected p < 0.05). Moreover, using region of interest analyses, average DBSI-RF and DBSI-FF values in the hippocampus were significantly greater and lower, respectively, in obese relative to non-obese individuals (Cohort 1: p = 0.045; Cohort 2: p = 0.008). Hippocampal DBSI-FF and DBSI-RF and amygdalar DBSI-FF metrics related to cognitive performance in Cohort 2. In conclusion, these findings suggest that greater neuroinflammation-related cellularity and lower apparent axonal density are associated with human obesity and cognitive performance. Future studies are warranted to determine a potential role for neuroinflammation in obesity-related cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Samara
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tatianna Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jeremy Strain
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jerrel Rutlin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Peng Sun
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Olga Neyman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Nitya Sreevalsan
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Joshua S Shimony
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Beau M Ances
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sheng-Kwei Song
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tamara Hershey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sarah A Eisenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Rashid B, Dev SI, Esterman M, Schwarz NF, Ferland T, Fortenbaugh FC, Milberg WP, McGlinchey RE, Salat DH, Leritz EC. Aberrant patterns of default-mode network functional connectivity associated with metabolic syndrome: A resting-state study. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01333. [PMID: 31568716 PMCID: PMC6908882 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of three or more cardiovascular risk factors (RF), including hypertension, obesity, high cholesterol, or hyperglycemia. MetS and its component RFs are more prevalent in older age, and can be accompanied by alterations in brain structure. Studies have shown altered functional connectivity (FC) in samples with individual RFs as well as in clinical populations that are at higher risk to develop MetS. These studies have indicated that the default mode network (DMN) may be particularly vulnerable, yet little is known about the overall impact of MetS on FC in this network. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the integrity of FC to the DMN in participants with MetS relative to non-MetS individuals. Using a seed-based connectivity analysis approach, resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data were analyzed, and the FC measures among the DMN seed (isthmus of the cingulate) and rest of the brain voxels were estimated. RESULTS Participants with MetS demonstrated reduced positive connectivity between the DMN seed and left superior frontal regions, and reduced negative connectivity between the DMN seed and left superior parietal, left postcentral, right precentral, right superior temporal and right superior parietal regions, after accounting for age- and sex-effects. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that MetS is associated with alterations in FC between the DMN and other regions of the brain. Furthermore, these results indicate that the overall burden of vascular RFs associated with MetS may, in part, contribute to the pathophysiology underlying aberrant FC in the DMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnaly Rashid
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center (NeRVe), Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sheena I Dev
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California
| | - Michael Esterman
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center (NeRVe), Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicolette F Schwarz
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center (NeRVe), Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Tori Ferland
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center (NeRVe), Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francesca C Fortenbaugh
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center (NeRVe), Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William P Milberg
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center (NeRVe), Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Regina E McGlinchey
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center (NeRVe), Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David H Salat
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center (NeRVe), Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth C Leritz
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center (NeRVe), Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Brutman JN, Sirohi S, Davis JF. Recent Advances in the Neurobiology of Altered Motivation Following Bariatric Surgery. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2019; 21:117. [PMID: 31707546 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-019-1084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is compelling evidence in the clinical population that long-term weight loss secondary to bariatric surgery is mitigated by the reemergence of maladaptive feeding behaviors and in some cases new onset substance abuse. RECENT FINDINGS A review of the current literature suggests that physical restructuring of the GI tract during WLS alters secretion of feeding peptides and nutrient-sensing mechanisms that directly target the brain's endogenous reward system, the mesolimbic dopamine system. Post-surgical changes in GI physiology augment activation of the mesolimbic system. In some patients, this process may contribute to a reduced appetite for palatable food whereas in others it may support maladaptive motivated behavior for food and chemical drugs. It is concluded that future studies are required to detail the timing and duration of surgical-induced changes in GI-mesolimbic communication to more fully understand this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna N Brutman
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, 1815 Ferdinand's Lane, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Sunil Sirohi
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jon F Davis
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, 1815 Ferdinand's Lane, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
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Huang Y, Li X, Jackson T, Chen S, Meng J, Qiu J, Chen H. Interaction Effect of Sex and Body Mass Index on Gray Matter Volume. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:360. [PMID: 31680912 PMCID: PMC6811608 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Few studies have investigated sex differences in brain structure associated with body mass index (BMI), and the related findings are inconsistent. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of sex × BMI interactions on gray matter volume (GMV), and to determine the implications of any structural differences. Methods: The final sample comprised 653 participants (449 women) who were assessed using voxel-based morphology analysis of T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. We used the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to build a multiple regression model to explore the association between BMI and GMV, and used analysis of variance (ANOVA) to explore the BMI × sex interaction on GMV. A subset of 410 participants (291 women) underwent whole brain resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analysis to investigate sex differences in the seed (interaction) region. The cluster with a significant effect in the previous ANOVA analysis was used as a seed. Results: A significant BMI × sex interaction was observed in the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), while GMV was negatively correlated with BMI in men but not in women. The rsFC between the left ACC and the caudate was lower in men than in women. Within the entire sample, the insula, caudate, and medial frontal cortex activities were negatively correlated with BMI while the cerebellum and postcentral gyrus activities were positively correlated with BMI. Conclusions: Our findings address the interaction effect of BMI and sex on GM alterations. We found that the GMV in men seemed to be more likely to change with BMI than women, and the left ACC may be the reason for the increase in BMI of men, but not women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Huang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianjie Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Todd Jackson
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Shuaiyu Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
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40
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Nyberg CK, Fjell AM, Walhovd KB. Level of body fat relates to memory decline and interacts with age in its association with hippocampal and subcortical atrophy. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 91:112-124. [PMID: 32224068 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Higher levels of body fat have shown adverse effects on multiple aspects of health, including cognitive and neuroanatomical changes. We tested the relationships of body fat levels and cholesterol to longitudinal age trajectories of subcortical gray matter volume (SCV), hippocampal volume (HCV), and episodic memory. Body fat was indexed by a concerted factor of BMI, visceral adipose tissue, percentage body fat, and total fat mass and was included in the analyses as a cross-sectional measure. We hypothesized that higher level of body fat would be related to steeper age trajectories of SCV, HCV, and memory. The sample consisted of 581 participants (20-83 years) with 942 magnetic resonance imaging and 945 memory examinations. Using generalized additive mixed models, a negative effect of body fat was found on SCV, HCV, and memory. Age and body fat interacted in their association with brain volume change. The results suggest that among cognitively healthy adults, there is a negative effect of higher body fat on SCV, HCV, and memory decline, an effect that increased with age for the neuroanatomical volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kim Nyberg
- Department of Psychology, Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Department, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Norway.
| | - Anders M Fjell
- Department of Psychology, Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of radiology and nuclear medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Department of Psychology, Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of radiology and nuclear medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Wang Y, Ji G, Hu Y, Li G, Ding Y, Hu C, Liu L, Zhang W, von Deneen KM, Han Y, Cui G, Wang H, Manza P, Volkow ND, Nie Y, Wang GJ, Zhang Y. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy induces sustained changes in gray and white matter brain volumes and resting functional connectivity in obese patients. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2019; 16:1-9. [PMID: 31679986 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2019.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with decreased brain gray- (GM) and white-matter (WM) volumes in regions. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is an effective bariatric surgery associated with neuroplastic changes in patients with obesity at 1 month postLSG. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether LSG can induce sustained neuroplastic recovery of brain structural abnormalities, and whether structural changes are accompanied by functional alterations. SETTING University hospital, longitudinal study. METHODS Structural magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry analysis were employed to assess GM/WM volumes in 30 obese participants at preLSG and 1 and 3 months postLSG. One-way analysis of variance modeled time effects on GM/WM volumes, and then alterations in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) were assessed. RESULTS Significant time effects on GM volumes were in caudate (F = 11.20), insula (INS; F = 10.11), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC; F = 13.32), and inferior frontal gyrus (F = 12.18), and on WM volumes in anterior cingulate cortex (F = 15.70), PCC (F = 15.56), and parahippocampus (F = 17.96, PFDR < .05). Post hoc tests showed significantly increased GM volumes in caudate (mean change ± SEM .018 ± .005 and P = .001, .031 ± .007 and P < .001), INS (.027 ± .008 and P = .003, .043 ± .009 and P < .001), and PCC (.008 ± .004 and P = .042, .026 ± .006 and P < .001), and increased WM volumes in anterior cingulate cortex (.029 ± .006 and P < .001, .041 ± .008 and P < .001), PCC (.017 ± .004 and P < .001, .032 ± .006 and P < .001), and parahippocampus (.031 ± .008 and P =.001, .075 ± .013 and P < .001) at 1 and 3 months postLSG compared with preLSG. Significant increases in GM volumes were in caudate (.013 ± .006 and P = .036), PCC (.019 ± .006 and P = .006), and inferior frontal gyrus (.019 ± .005 and P = .001), and in WM volumes in anterior cingulate cortex (.012 ± .005 and P = .028), PCC (.014 ± .006 and P = .017), and parahippocampus (.044 ± .014 and P = .003) at 3 relative to 1 month postLSG. GM volumes in INS and PCC showed a positive correlation at 1 (r = .57, P = .001) and 3 months postLSG (r = .55, P = .001). GM volume in INS and PCC were positively correlated with RSFC of INS-PCC (r = .40 and P = .03, r = .55 and P = .001) and PCC-INS (r = .37 and P = .046, r = .57 and P < .001) at 1 month postLSG. GM volume in INS was also positively correlated with RSFC of INS-PCC (r = .44, P = .014) and PCC-INS (r = .38, P = .037) at 3 months postLSG. CONCLUSION LSG induces sustained structural brain changes, which might mediate long-term benefits of bariatric surgery in weight reduction. Associations between regional GM volume and RSFC suggest that LSG-induced structural changes contribute to RSFC changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yang Hu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guanya Li
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yueyan Ding
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunxin Hu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Karen M von Deneen
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guangbin Cui
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huaning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Peter Manza
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.
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Wassenaar TM, Yaffe K, van der Werf YD, Sexton CE. Associations between modifiable risk factors and white matter of the aging brain: insights from diffusion tensor imaging studies. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 80:56-70. [PMID: 31103633 PMCID: PMC6683729 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in factors that may modulate white matter (WM) breakdown and, consequentially, age-related cognitive and behavioral deficits. Recent diffusion tensor imaging studies have examined the relationship of such factors with WM microstructure. This review summarizes the evidence regarding the relationship between WM microstructure and recognized modifiable factors, including hearing loss, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking, depressive symptoms, physical (in) activity, and social isolation, as well as sleep disturbances, diet, cognitive training, and meditation. Current cross-sectional evidence suggests a clear link between loss of WM integrity (lower fractional anisotropy and higher mean diffusivity) and hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and smoking; a relationship that seems to hold for hearing loss, social isolation, depressive symptoms, and sleep disturbances. Physical activity, cognitive training, diet, and meditation, on the other hand, may protect WM with aging. Preliminary evidence from cross-sectional studies of treated risk factors suggests that modification of factors could slow down negative effects on WM microstructure. Careful intervention studies are needed for this literature to contribute to public health initiatives going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Wassenaar
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ysbrand D van der Werf
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, MC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claire E Sexton
- Department of Neurology, Global Brain Health Institute, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK.
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Short-term improvements in cognitive function following vertical sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en Y gastric bypass: a direct comparison study. Surg Endosc 2019; 34:2248-2257. [PMID: 31367985 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-019-07015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive deficits are observed in individuals with obesity. While bariatric surgery can reverse these deficits, it remains unclear whether surgery type differentially influences cognitive outcome. We compared the extent to which vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and Roux-en Y gastric bypass (RYGB) ameliorated cognitive impairments associated with obesity. METHODS Female participants approved for VSG (N = 18) or RYGB (N = 18) were administered cognitive measures spanning the domains of attention [Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) Trial 1 and Letter Number Sequencing], processing speed [Stroop Color Trial, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, and Trail Making Part A], memory [HVLT Retained and HVLT Discrimination Index], and executive functioning (Stroop Color Word Trials and Trail Making Part B-A) prior to surgery and at 2 weeks and 3 months following surgery. Scores for each cognitive domain were calculated and compared between surgical cohorts using repeated measures analyses of variance. RESULTS Significant weight loss was observed 2 weeks and 3 months following RYGB and VSG and was accompanied by improvements in processing speed and executive functioning. Patients who received RYGB also experienced improved attention as early as 2 weeks, which persisted at 3 months. This was not observed in individuals who underwent VSG. No changes in memory were observed from baseline measures in either group. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of cognitive improvements following VSG and the first direct comparison of cognitive improvements following RYGB and VSG. Short-term improvements in specific domains of cognitive function are observed at the beginning of the active weight loss phase following bariatric surgery that persisted to 3 months. The anatomical distinction between the two surgeries and resulting differential metabolic profiles may be responsible for the improvements in attention observed following RYGB but not following VSG.
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Amer AAA, Zhu Y, Wei S, Zhang R, Wang Y, Duan J, Jiang X, Tang Y, Wang F. Relationship Between White Matter Integrity and Plasma Leptin Levels in Drug-Naïve and Medicated Patients With Major Depressive Disorder. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:707. [PMID: 31354416 PMCID: PMC6639733 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Many previous studies have noticed obvious alterations in different white matter tracts among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Growing evidence also strongly suggest a role of leptin in the pathogenesis of MDD, but with conflicting results of leptin levels. However, no previous studies have examined the relationship between leptin and white matter integrity of patients with MDD. Therefore, we aimed in this study to investigate the relationship between white matter alterations and plasma leptin levels in both drug-naïve and medicated MDD patients. We measured plasma leptin levels and white matter integrity using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and voxel-based analysis (VBA) in 140 participants (40 drug-naïve MDD patients; 40 medicated MDD patients; 60 healthy controls) aged between 18 and 49 years old. A significant reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) value in the dorsomedial thalamus was found for both drug-naïve and medicated MDD patients compared to the healthy non-depressed participants (p < 0.01, corrected). In addition, leptin levels were significantly higher in the drug-naïve MDD patients and were negatively correlated with the detected white matter alteration. Our results suggest that the elevated plasma leptin levels in the drug-naïve MDD group might be associated with the changes of the white matter integrity in the dorsomedial thalamus region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman A. A. Amer
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shengnan Wei
- Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia Duan
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Liu Y, Quan H, Song S, Zhang X, Yang C, Chen H. Decreased Conflict Control in Overweight Chinese Females: Behavioral and Event-Related Potentials Evidence. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071450. [PMID: 31252512 PMCID: PMC6683057 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight or obesity is related to a decrease in cognitive control, especially conflict control. However, research on conflict control in overweight/obese individuals are still controversial. This study was conducted to explore general and food-related conflict control in overweight Chinese females (OWs) with a color–word Stroop task and a food-related conflict task. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during the food-related conflict task. Behavioral results showed that, OWs had a longer reaction time (RT) than normal-weight Chinese females (NWs), in both tasks. ERP results in the food-related conflict task showed that there was a reduction of N2 and N450 response strength in OWs, and the P3 and late positive component (LPC) response strength was enhanced. Results indicated that OWs might be less efficient in monitoring and resolving conflict, and OWs tended to have a higher motivational or emotional involvement in processing food-related stimuli, which was likely to contribute to their difficulty in losing weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huan Quan
- Department of Psychology, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA
| | - Shiqing Song
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuemeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Schall M, Iordanishvili E, Mauler J, Oros-Peusquens AM, Shah NJ. Increasing body mass index in an elderly cohort: Effects on the quantitative MR parameters of the brain. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:514-523. [PMID: 31150149 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) is increasing in a large number of elderly persons. This increase in BMI is known to put one at risk for many "diseases of aging," although less is known about how a change in BMI may affect the brains of the elderly. PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between BMI and quantitative water content, T1 , T2 *, and the semi-quantitative magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) of various structures in elderly brains. STUDY TYPE Cross-sectional. SUBJECTS Forty-two adults (BMI range: 19.1-33.5 kg/m2 , age range: 58-80 years). FIELD STRENGTH 3T MRI (two multi-echo gradient echoes, actual flip angle imaging, magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo, fluid attenuated inversion recovery). ASSESSMENT The 3D two-point method was used to derive (semi-)quantitative parameters in global white (WM) and gray matter (GM) and their regions as defined by the Johns Hopkins University and the Montreal Neurological Institute atlases. STATISTICAL TESTS Multivariate linear regression with BMI as principal regressor, corrected for the additional regressors age, gender, and glycated hemoglobin. Spearman correlation between quantitative parameters of the regions showing significant changes and the lipid spectra / C-reactive protein (CRP). Voxel-based morphometry and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to explore changes in the GM volume. RESULTS T1 increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the frontal, temporal, and parietal cortices, while the bilateral corona radiata, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, as well as the corpus callosum showed significant changes in the WM regions. T2 * increased significantly in the global WM and left corona radiata. Changes in MTR and the free water content did not reach significance. No significant correlation between any quantitative parameter and the lipid spectra or CRP could be identified. DATA CONCLUSION These results suggest that an elevated BMI predominantly affects T1 in WM as well as GM structures in the elderly human brain. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:514-523.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Schall
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4 (INM-4), Jülich, Germany
| | - Elene Iordanishvili
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4 (INM-4), Jülich, Germany
| | - Jörg Mauler
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4 (INM-4), Jülich, Germany
| | | | - N Jon Shah
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4 (INM-4), Jülich, Germany.,Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11 (INM-11), Jülich, Germany.,Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-BRAIN) - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Neurology of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Gray matter reduction related to decreased serum creatinine and increased triglyceride, Hemoglobin A1C, and low-density lipoprotein in subjects with obesity. Neuroradiology 2019; 61:703-710. [PMID: 31011773 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-019-02202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Altered brain volume and metabolic variables have been found in subjects with obesity. However, the role of metabolic parameters in gray matter volume (GMV) has been poorly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the metabolic parameters and brain volume in subjects with obesity. METHODS Thirty-seven subjects with obesity and 39 age and sex matched normal-weight controls were included in this study. Eighteen of the 37 participants who underwent sleeve gastrectomy were included in the longitudinal analysis. Blood samples and high-resolution 3T T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were collected. Metabolic parameters in plasma and GMV were measured. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gray matter reduction in several cognition-related cortices including right angular gyrus, superior occipital cortex, superior parietal cortex, and cerebellum was related to decreased creatinine, as well as increased triglyceride, HbA1c, and low-density lipoprotein in plasma in subjects with obesity. Weight loss after the surgery induced significant recovery of altered metabolic parameters and decreased gray matter volume. Furthermore, changes in the four metabolic parameters before and after the surgery were associated with changes in gray matter volume. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the gray matter reduction is related to decreased creatinine as well as increased triglyceride, HbA1c, and low-density lipoprotein in plasma in subjects with obesity.
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Byeon K, Park BY, Park H. Spatially guided functional correlation tensor: A new method to associate body mass index and white matter neuroimaging. Comput Biol Med 2019; 107:137-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Williams OA, An Y, Beason-Held L, Huo Y, Ferrucci L, Landman BA, Resnick SM. Vascular burden and APOE ε4 are associated with white matter microstructural decline in cognitively normal older adults. Neuroimage 2019; 188:572-583. [PMID: 30557663 PMCID: PMC6601608 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter microstructure can be measured with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). While increasing age is a predictor of white matter (WM) microstructure changes, roles of other possible modifiers, such as cardiovascular risk factors, APOE ε4 allele status and biological sex have not been clarified. We investigated 665 cognitively normal participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (age 50-95, 56.7% female) with a total of 1384 DTI scans. WM microstructure was assessed by fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). A vascular burden score was defined as the sum of five risk factors (hypertension, obesity, elevated cholesterol, diabetes and smoking status). Linear mixed effects models assessed the association of baseline vascular burden on baseline and on rates of change of FA and MD over a mean follow-up of 3.6 years, while controlling for age, race, and scanner type. We also compared DTI trajectories in APOE ε4 carriers vs. non-carriers and men vs. women. At baseline, higher vascular burden was associated with lower FA and higher MD in many WM structures including association, commissural, and projection fibers. Higher baseline vascular burden was also associated with greater longitudinal decline in FA in the hippocampal part of the cingulum and the fornix (crus)/stria terminalis and splenium of the corpus callosum, and with greater increases in MD in the splenium of the corpus callosum. APOE ε4 carriers did not differ from non-carriers in baseline DTI metrics but had greater decline in FA in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum. Men had higher FA and lower MD in multiple WM regions at baseline but showed greater increase in MD in the genu of the corpus callosum. Women showed greater decreases over time in FA in the gyrus part of the cingulum, compared to men. Our findings show that modifiable vascular risk factors (1) have a negative impact on white matter microstructure and (2) are associated with faster microstructural deterioration of temporal WM regions and the splenium of the corpus callosum in cognitively normal adults. Reducing vascular burden in aging could modify the rate of WM deterioration and could decrease age-related cognitive decline and impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen A Williams
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Lori Beason-Held
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yuankai Huo
- School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Bennett A Landman
- School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Herrmann MJ, Tesar AK, Beier J, Berg M, Warrings B. Grey matter alterations in obesity: A meta-analysis of whole-brain studies. Obes Rev 2019; 20:464-471. [PMID: 30537231 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major problem in the modern world causing a higher risk for various cerebrovascular diseases causing a profound individual and societal burden. The neurobiological foundation bears potential to understand the complex interaction of individual differences in brain structure and function and ingestive behaviour. This systematic review was performed on the current evidence of structural abnormalities in grey matter volume (GMV) in patients with obesity based on studies published until December 2017, which were selected through search in PubMed, CENTER (Cochrane Library), PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Ovid MEDLINE. Ten studies were included; all of them included patients with obesity and provided a whole-brain analysis of grey matter (GM) distribution. Our findings confirmed the most consistent GM reductions in patients with obesity in the left, middle, and right inferior frontal gyrus (including the insula), the left middle temporal cortex, the left precentral gyrus, and the cerebellum. On the other hand, increased GMV in patients with obesity were found in the left cuneus, left middle frontal gyrus, left inferior occipital gyrus, and corpus callosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Herrmann
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Tesar
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Beier
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Max Berg
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Warrings
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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