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Roca-Rivada A, Do Cruzeiro M, Denis RG, Zhang Q, Rouault C, Rouillé Y, Launay JM, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Mattot V, Clément K, Jockers R, Dam J. Whole-body deletion of Endospanin 1 protects from obesity-associated deleterious metabolic alterations. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e168418. [PMID: 38716728 PMCID: PMC11141941 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of the proper localization of most receptors at the cell surface is often underestimated, although this feature is essential for optimal receptor response. Endospanin 1 (Endo1) (also known as OBRGRP or LEPROT) is a protein generated from the same gene as the human leptin receptor and regulates the trafficking of proteins to the surface, including the leptin receptor. The systemic role of Endo1 on whole-body metabolism has not been studied so far. Here, we report that general Endo1-KO mice fed a high-fat diet develop metabolically healthy obesity with lipid repartitioning in organs and preferential accumulation of fat in adipose tissue, limited systematic inflammation, and better controlled glucose homeostasis. Mechanistically, Endo1 interacts with the lipid translocase CD36, thus regulating its surface abundance and lipid uptake in adipocytes. In humans, the level of Endo1 transcripts is increased in the adipose tissue of patients with obesity, but low levels rather correlate with a profile of metabolically healthy obesity. We suggest here that Endo1, most likely by controlling CD36 cell surface abundance and lipid uptake in adipocytes, dissociates obesity from diabetes and that its absence participates in metabolically healthy obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Roca-Rivada
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Marcio Do Cruzeiro
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Raphaël G.P. Denis
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Christine Rouault
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approaches, Nutriomics, Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yves Rouillé
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Virginie Mattot
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approaches, Nutriomics, Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Julie Dam
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
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2
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Bissonnette S, Lamantia V, Ouimet B, Cyr Y, Devaux M, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Chrétien M, Saleh M, Faraj M. Native low-density lipoproteins are priming signals of the NLRP3 inflammasome/interleukin-1β pathway in human adipose tissue and macrophages. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18848. [PMID: 37914804 PMCID: PMC10620147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma numbers of atherogenic apoB-lipoproteins (apoB), mostly as low-density lipoproteins (LDL), predict diabetes risk by unclear mechanisms. Upregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome/interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) system in white adipose tissue (WAT) is implicated in type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, metabolic signals that stimulate it remain unexplored. We hypothesized that (1) subjects with high-apoB have higher WAT IL-1β-secretion than subjects with low-apoB, (2) WAT IL-1β-secretion is associated with T2D risk factors, and (3) LDL prime and/or activate the WAT NLRP3 inflammasome. Forty non-diabetic subjects were assessed for T2D risk factors related to systemic and WAT glucose and fat metabolism. Regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was explored using LDL without/with the inflammasome's priming and activation controls (LPS and ATP). LDL induced IL1B-expression and IL-1β-secretion in the presence of ATP in WAT and macrophages. Subjects with high-apoB had higher WAT IL-1β-secretion independently of covariates. The direction of association of LDL-induced WAT IL-1β-secretion to T2D risk factors was consistently pathological in high-apoB subjects only. Adjustment for IL-1β-secretion eliminated the association of plasma apoB with T2D risk factors. In conclusion, subjects with high-apoB have higher WAT IL-1β-secretion that may explain their risk for T2D and may be related to LDL-induced priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04496154): Omega-3 to Reduce Diabetes Risk in Subjects With High Number of Particles That Carry "Bad Cholesterol" in the Blood-Full Text View-ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bissonnette
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
- Montréal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Lamantia
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
- Montréal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin Ouimet
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Yannick Cyr
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
- Montréal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Devaux
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Remi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
- Montréal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Chrétien
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Maya Saleh
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - May Faraj
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada.
- Montréal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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3
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Uppal S, Postnikova O, Villasmil R, Rogozin IB, Bocharov AV, Eggerman TL, Poliakov E, Redmond TM. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) Is Involved in Internalization of Lentiviral Particles Pseudotyped with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in Ocular Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11860. [PMID: 37511618 PMCID: PMC10380832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present evidence that caveolae-mediated endocytosis using LDLR is the pathway for SARS-CoV-2 virus internalization in the ocular cell line ARPE-19. Firstly, we found that, while Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is expressed in these cells, blocking ACE2 by antibody treatment did not prevent infection by SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirions, nor did antibody blockade of extracellular vimentin and other cholesterol-rich lipid raft proteins. Next, we implicated the role of cholesterol homeostasis in infection by showing that incubating cells with different cyclodextrins and oxysterol 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) inhibits pseudovirion infection of ARPE-19. However, the effect of 25-HC is likely not via cholesterol biosynthesis, as incubation with lovastatin did not appreciably affect infection. Additionally, is it not likely to be an agonistic effect of 25-HC on LXR receptors, as the LXR agonist GW3965 had no significant effect on infection of ARPE-19 cells at up to 5 μM GW3965. We probed the role of endocytic pathways but determined that clathrin-dependent and flotillin-dependent rafts were not involved. Furthermore, 20 µM chlorpromazine, an inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), also had little effect. In contrast, anti-dynamin I/II antibodies blocked the entry of SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirions, as did dynasore, a noncompetitive inhibitor of dynamin GTPase activity. Additionally, anti-caveolin-1 antibodies significantly blocked spike pseudotyped lentiviral infection of ARPE-19. However, nystatin, a classic inhibitor of caveolae-dependent endocytosis, did not affect infection while indomethacin inhibited only at 10 µM at the 48 h time point. Finally, we found that anti-LDLR antibodies block pseudovirion infection to a similar degree as anti-caveolin-1 and anti-dynamin I/II antibodies, while transfection with LDLR-specific siRNA led to a decrease in spike pseudotyped lentiviral infection, compared to scrambled control siRNAs. Thus, we conclude that SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirion infection in ARPE-19 cells is a dynamin-dependent process that is primarily mediated by LDLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Uppal
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell & Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Olga Postnikova
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell & Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rafael Villasmil
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Igor B Rogozin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | | | - Thomas L Eggerman
- Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eugenia Poliakov
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell & Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - T Michael Redmond
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell & Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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4
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Aragón-Herrera A, Moraña-Fernández S, Otero-Santiago M, Anido-Varela L, Campos-Toimil M, García-Seara J, Román A, Seijas J, García-Caballero L, Rodríguez J, Tarazón E, Roselló-Lletí E, Portolés M, Lage R, Gualillo O, González-Juanatey JR, Feijóo-Bandín S, Lago F. The lipidomic and inflammatory profiles of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues are distinctly regulated by the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114535. [PMID: 36931025 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) has emerged as a treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease and/or other metabolic disturbances, although some of the mechanisms implicated in their beneficial effects are unknown. The SGLT2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) empagliflozin has been suggested as a regulator of adiposity, energy metabolism, and systemic inflammation in adipose tissue. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of a 6-week-empagliflozin treatment on the lipidome of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from diabetic obese Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats using an untargeted metabolomics approach. We found that empagliflozin increases the content of diglycerides and oxidized fatty acids (FA) in VAT, while in SAT, it decreases the levels of several lysophospholipids and increases 2 phosphatidylcholines. Empagliflozin also reduces the expression of the cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), monocyte-chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and IL-10, and of Cd86 and Cd163 M1 and M2 macrophage markers in VAT, with no changes in SAT, except for a decrease in IL-1β. Empagliflozin treatment also shows an effect on lipolysis increasing the expression of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in SAT and VAT and of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in VAT, together with a decrease in the adipose content of the FA transporter cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36). In conclusion, our data highlighted differences in the VAT and SAT lipidomes, inflammatory profiles and lipolytic function, which suggest a distinct metabolism of these two white adipose tissue depots after the empagliflozin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Aragón-Herrera
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Moraña-Fernández
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) and Institute of Biomedical Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS-SERGAS). Av. Barcelona, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Otero-Santiago
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Anido-Varela
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Campos-Toimil
- Group of Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (CD Pharma), Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier García-Seara
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Arrhytmia Unit, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Román
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Department, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Seijas
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiology Department, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía García-Caballero
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Estefanía Tarazón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Clinical and Translational Research in Cardiology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Roselló-Lletí
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Clinical and Translational Research in Cardiology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Portolés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Clinical and Translational Research in Cardiology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Lage
- Cardiology Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) and Institute of Biomedical Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS-SERGAS). Av. Barcelona, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Ramón González-Juanatey
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiology Department, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sandra Feijóo-Bandín
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisca Lago
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Wang Y, Fang D, Yang Q, You J, Wang L, Wu J, Zeng M, Luo M. Interactions between PCSK9 and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1126823. [PMID: 36911736 PMCID: PMC9992811 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1126823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an early pathological basis of numerous cardiovascular events that result in death or disability. Recent studies have described PCSK9 as a novel target for the treatment of atherosclerosis; PCSK9 is capable of degrading LDLR on the surface of hepatocytes through the regulation of lipid metabolism, and it can function as a novel inflammatory modulator in atherosclerosis. Inflammasomes are important intracellular multiprotein complexes that promote the inflammatory response in atherosclerosis. Among inflammasomes, the NLRP3 inflammasome is particularly notable because of its important role in the development of atherosclerotic disease. After activation, NLRP3 forms a complex with ASC and pro-caspase-1, converting pro-caspase-1 into activated caspase-1, which may trigger the release of IL-1β and IL-18 and contribute to the inflammatory response. Several recent studies have indicated that there may be interactions between PCSK9 and the NLRP3 inflammasome, which may contribute to the inflammatory response that drives atherosclerosis development and progression. On the one hand, the NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role via IL-1β in regulating PCSK9 secretion. On the other hand, PCSK9 regulates caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis by initiating mtDNA damage and activating NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. This paper reviews the mechanisms underlying PCSK9 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the context of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we describe the current understanding of the specific molecular mechanism underlying the interactions between PCSK9 and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling as well as the drug repositioning events that influence vascular cells and exert beneficial antiatherosclerotic effects. This review may provide a new therapeutic direction for the effective prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinzhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingcan You
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Chen RB, Wang QY, Wang YY, Wang YD, Liu JH, Liao ZZ, Xiao XH. Feeding-induced hepatokines and crosstalk with multi-organ: A novel therapeutic target for Type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1094458. [PMID: 36936164 PMCID: PMC10020511 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1094458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, which can be caused by either an insulin deficit and/or insulin resistance, is the main symptom of Type 2 diabetes, a significant endocrine metabolic illness. Conventional medications, including insulin and oral antidiabetic medicines, can alleviate the signs of diabetes but cannot restore insulin release in a physiologically normal amount. The liver detects and reacts to shifts in the nutritional condition that occur under a wide variety of metabolic situations, making it an essential organ for maintaining energy homeostasis. It also performs a crucial function in glucolipid metabolism through the secretion of hepatokines. Emerging research shows that feeding induces hepatokines release, which regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. Notably, these feeding-induced hepatokines act on multiple organs to regulate glucolipotoxicity and thus influence the development of T2DM. In this review, we focus on describing how feeding-induced cross-talk between hepatokines, including Adropin, Manf, Leap2 and Pcsk9, and metabolic organs (e.g.brain, heart, pancreas, and adipose tissue) affects metabolic disorders, thus revealing a novel approach for both controlling and managing of Type 2 diabetes as a promising medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Bin Chen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qi-Yu Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Di Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe-Zhen Liao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Hua Xiao, ; Zhe-Zhen Liao,
| | - Xin-Hua Xiao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Hua Xiao, ; Zhe-Zhen Liao,
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Haplotype of ESR1 and PPARD Genes Is Associated with Higher Anthropometric Changes in Han Chinese Obesity by Adjusting Dietary Factors-An 18-Month Follow-Up. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204425. [PMID: 36297109 PMCID: PMC9611750 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity genetic effect may play a major role in obesogenic environment. A combined case-control and an 18-month follow-up were carried out, including a total of 311 controls and 118 obese cases. All participants were aged in the range of 20-55 y/o. The body mass index (BMI) of obese cases and normal controls was in the range of 27.0-34.9 and 18.5-23.9 kg/m2, respectively. The rs712221 on Estrogen receptor1 (ESR1) and rs2016520 on Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) showed significant associations with obesity. The TT (odds ratio (OR): 2.42; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.46-4.01) and TT/TC (OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.14-6.85) genotypes on rs712221 and rs2016520 had significantly higher obesity risks, respectively. Moreover, the synergic effect of these two risk SNPs (2-RGH) exhibited an almost geometrical increase in obesity risk (OR: 7.00; 95% CI: 2.23-21.99). Obese individuals with 2-RGH had apparently higher changes in BMI increase, body weight gain and dietary fiber intake but a lower total energy intake within the 18-month follow-up.
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Zhou HR, Wang TX, Hao YY, Hou YL, Wei C, Yao B, Wu X, Huang D, Zhang H, Wu YL. Jinlida Granules Reduce Obesity in db/db Mice by Activating Beige Adipocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4483009. [PMID: 35647185 PMCID: PMC9135524 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4483009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate existence of beige adipocytes in adults. Upon activation, beige adipocytes burn energy for thermogenesis and contribute to regulation of energy balance. In this study, we have analyzed whether Jinlida granules (JLD) could activate beige adipocytes. JLD suspended in 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was gavage fed to db/db mice at a daily dose of 3.8 g/kg. After 10 weeks, body weight, biochemical, and histological analyses were performed. In situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, and western blotting were conducted to test beige adipocyte activation in mice. X9 cells were induced with induction medium and maintenance medium containing 400 μg/mL of JLD. After completion of induction, cells were analyzed by Nile red staining, time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blotting, and immunofluorescence to understand the effect of JLD on the activation of beige adipocytes. A molecular docking method was used to preliminarily identify compounds in JLD, which hold the potential activation effect on uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). JLD treatment significantly improved obesity in db/db mice. Biochemical results showed that JLD reduced blood glucose (GLU), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels as well as liver aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in mice. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) showed that JLD reduced hepatocyte ballooning changes in the liver. Immunofluorescence showed that JLD increased the expression of the thermogenic protein, UCP1, in the beige adipose tissue of mice. JLD also increased the expression of UCP1 and inhibited the expression of miR-27a in X9 cells. Molecular docking results showed that epmedin B, epmedin C, icariin, puerarin, and salvianolic acid B had potential activation effects on UCP1. The results suggest that JLD may activate beige adipocytes by inhibiting miR-27a expression, thereby promoting thermogenesis in beige adipocytes. This study provides a new pharmacological basis for the clinical use of JLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-ru Zhou
- Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Diseases), Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tong-xing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Diseases), Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuan-yuan Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Diseases), Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yun-long Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Diseases), Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cong Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Diseases), Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bing Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Diseases), Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Diseases), Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of CM, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi-ling Wu
- Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Diseases), Shijiazhuang, China
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Chen M, Bai M, Yi Y, Lu S, Luo J, Li P, Zhang H, Jiang H, Zhou H. Upregulation of hepatic CD36 via glucocorticoid receptor activation contributes to dexamethasone-induced liver lipid metabolism disorder in mice. Toxicol Lett 2022; 363:1-10. [PMID: 35589016 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone (DEX) are widely prescribed to treat numerous conditions and diseases. However, glucocorticoid-induced liver lipid metabolism disorder, even nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, has caused extensive attention. Since fatty acid transporters such as CD36 and FATP play crucial roles in hepatic fatty acid uptake, this work examined their potential involvement in DEX-induced liver lipid accumulation. Chronic DEX administration (1-5 mg/kg/day over 28 days) induced hepatic lipid accumulation in mice. Fatty acid uptake in HepG2 cells and mouse primary hepatocytes was also stimulated after incubation with 0.5-2 μM DEX. Meanwhile, qPCR and western blotting demonstrated dose-dependent upregulation of CD36 expression by DEX in the mouse liver and in cultured hepatocytes. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) inhibition with mifepristone (RU486) and siRNA-mediated GR knockdown attenuated lipid accumulation in hepatocytes by inhibiting DEX-induced CD36 upregulation, and direct binding of GR to the CD36 promoter was demonstrated by luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. These results indicate that DEX promotes free fatty acid uptake leading to hepatic steatosis by upregulating CD36 expression via activation of GR. Thus, strategies aimed at inhibiting GR/CD36 expression or activity might help prevent or reduce the onset and progression of hepatic lipid metabolism disorders induced by glucocorticoid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Chen
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengru Bai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaodong Yi
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuanghui Lu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hengbin Zhang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huidi Jiang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Hanschkow M, Boulet N, Kempf E, Bouloumié A, Kiess W, Stein R, Körner A, Landgraf K. Expression of the Adipocyte Progenitor Markers MSCA1 and CD36 is Associated With Adipose Tissue Function in Children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e836-e851. [PMID: 34448000 PMCID: PMC8764220 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT MSCA1 (mesenchymal stem cell antigen 1) and CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36) have been described as novel adipocyte progenitor markers in adults with a potential relevance for obesity and adipocyte progenitor function. OBJECTIVE With the early manifestation of obesity in children and formation of adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, children provide the opportunity to characterize the function of MSCA1 and CD36 during physiological AT accumulation and with obesity and related disease. METHODS We investigated MSCA1 and CD36 expression in adipocytes and stroma vascular fraction (SVF) cells from 133 children of the Leipzig AT Childhood cohort with regard to AT accumulation and biology. In a subsample we analyzed how MSCA1 and CD36 expression is related to adipose progenitor capacities in vitro (ie, proliferation, differentiation and mitochondrial function). RESULTS Both MSCA1 and CD36 are differentially expressed in adipocytes and SVF cells of children. MSCA1 expression is positively correlated to obesity-associated AT dysfunction (ie, adipocyte hypertrophy and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), and high SVF MSCA1 expression is associated with increased mitochondrial respiration in vitro. CD36 expression is not associated with AT dysfunction but SVF CD36 expression is downregulated in children with overweight and obesity and shows a positive association with the differentiation capacity of SVF cells ex vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Both MSCA1 and CD36 are associated with obesity-related alterations in AT of children. In particular, CD36 expression predicts adipogenic potential of SVF cells, indicating a potential role in the regulation of adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy with obesity development in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Hanschkow
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nathalie Boulet
- University of Toulouse, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Elena Kempf
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Bouloumié
- University of Toulouse, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Wieland Kiess
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Stein
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: Kathrin Landgraf, PhD, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Liebigstr. 19-21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. E-mail:
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11
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Cyr Y, Lamantia V, Bissonnette S, Burnette M, Besse-Patin A, Demers A, Wabitsch M, Chrétien M, Mayer G, Estall JL, Saleh M, Faraj M. Lower plasma PCSK9 in normocholesterolemic subjects is associated with upregulated adipose tissue surface-expression of LDLR and CD36 and NLRP3 inflammasome. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14721. [PMID: 33527668 PMCID: PMC7851436 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LDL‐cholesterol lowering variants that upregulate receptor uptake of LDL, such as in PCSK9 and HMGCR, are associated with diabetes via unclear mechanisms. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome/interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) pathway promotes white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is regulated by LDL receptors (LDLR and CD36). We hypothesized that: (a) normocholesterolemic subjects with lower plasma PCSK9, identifying those with higher WAT surface‐expression of LDLR and CD36, have higher activation of WAT NLRP3 inflammasome and T2D risk factors, and; (b) LDL upregulate adipocyte NLRP3 inflammasome and inhibit adipocyte function. Methodology Post hoc analysis was conducted in 27 overweight/ obese subjects with normal plasma LDL‐C and measures of disposition index (DI during Botnia clamps) and postprandial fat metabolism. WAT was assessed for surface‐expression of LDLR and CD36 (immunohistochemistry), protein expression (immunoblot), IL‐1β secretion (AlphaLISA), and function (3H‐triolein storage). Results Compared to subjects with higher than median plasma PCSK9, subjects with lower PCSK9 had higher WAT surface‐expression of LDLR (+81%) and CD36 (+36%), WAT IL‐1β secretion (+284%), plasma IL‐1 receptor‐antagonist (+85%), and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, and lower WAT pro‐IL‐1β protein (−66%), WAT function (−62%), and DI (−28%), without group‐differences in body composition, energy intake or expenditure. Adjusting for WAT LDLR or CD36 eliminated group‐differences in WAT function, DI, and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. Native LDL inhibited Simpson‐Golabi Behmel‐syndrome (SGBS) adipocyte differentiation and function and increased inflammation. Conclusion Normocholesterolemic subjects with lower plasma PCSK9 and higher WAT surface‐expression of LDLR and CD36 have higher WAT NLRP3 inflammasome activation and T2D risk factors. This may be due to LDL‐induced inhibition of adipocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Cyr
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Lamantia
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Bissonnette
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Melanie Burnette
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Aurèle Besse-Patin
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Annie Demers
- Institut de cardiologie de Montréal (ICM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michel Chrétien
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Ottawa Health Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gaétan Mayer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Estall
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maya Saleh
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Life Sciences and Health, The University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - May Faraj
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, QC, Canada
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12
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Schlüter KD, Wolf A, Schreckenberg R. Coming Back to Physiology: Extra Hepatic Functions of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9. Front Physiol 2020; 11:598649. [PMID: 33364976 PMCID: PMC7750466 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.598649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal apoptosis regulated convertase-1 (NARC-1), now mostly known as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), has received a lot of attention due to the fact that it is a key regulator of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDL-R) and is therefore involved in hepatic LDL clearance. Within a few years, therapies targeting PCSK9 have reached clinical practice and they offer an additional tool to reduce blood cholesterol concentrations. However, PCSK9 is almost ubiquitously expressed in the body but has less well-understood functions and target proteins in extra hepatic tissues. As such, PCSK9 is involved in the regulation of neuronal survival and protein degradation, it affects the expression of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the kidney, it interacts with white blood cells and with cells of the vascular wall, and it modifies contractile activity of cardiomyocytes, and contributes to the regulation of cholesterol uptake in the intestine. Moreover, under stress conditions, signals from the kidney and heart can affect hepatic expression and thereby the plasma concentration of PCSK9 which then in turn can affect other target organs. Therefore, there is an intense relationship between the local (autocrine) and systemic (endocrine) effects of PCSK9. Although, PCSK9 has been recognized as a ubiquitously expressed modifier of cellular function and signaling molecules, its physiological role in different organs is not well-understood. The current review summarizes these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annemarie Wolf
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany
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