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Acchioni C, Sandini S, Acchioni M, Sgarbanti M. Co-Infections and Superinfections between HIV-1 and Other Human Viruses at the Cellular Level. Pathogens 2024; 13:349. [PMID: 38787201 PMCID: PMC11124504 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Co-infection or superinfection of the host by two or more virus species is a common event, potentially leading to viral interference, viral synergy, or neutral interaction. The simultaneous presence of two or more viruses, even distantly related, within the same cell depends upon viral tropism, i.e., the entry of viruses via receptors present on the same cell type. Subsequently, productive infection depends on the ability of these viruses to replicate efficiently in the same cellular environment. HIV-1 initially targets CCR5-expressing tissue memory CD4+ T cells, and in the absence of early cART initiation, a co-receptor switch may occur, leading to the infection of naïve and memory CXCR4-expressing CD4+ T cells. HIV-1 infection of macrophages at the G1 stage of their cell cycle also occurs in vivo, broadening the possible occurrence of co-infections between HIV-1 and other viruses at the cellular level. Moreover, HIV-1-infected DCs can transfer the virus to CD4+ T cells via trans-infection. This review focuses on the description of reported co-infections within the same cell between HIV-1 and other human pathogenic, non-pathogenic, or low-pathogenic viruses, including HIV-2, HTLV, HSV, HHV-6/-7, GBV-C, Dengue, and Ebola viruses, also discussing the possible reciprocal interactions in terms of virus replication and virus pseudotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Sgarbanti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (S.S.); (M.A.)
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2
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Koch B, Filzmayer M, Patyna S, Wetzstein N, Lampe S, Schmid T, Geiger H, Baer PC, Dolnik O. Transcriptomics of Marburg virus-infected primary proximal tubular cells reveals negative correlation of immune response and energy metabolism. Virus Res 2024; 342:199337. [PMID: 38346476 PMCID: PMC10875301 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Marburg virus, a member of the Filoviridae, is the causative agent of Marburg virus disease (MVD), a hemorrhagic fever with a case fatality rate of up to 90 %. Acute kidney injury is common in MVD and is associated with increased mortality, but its pathogenesis in MVD remains poorly understood. Interestingly, autopsies show the presence of viral proteins in different parts of the nephron, particularly in proximal tubular cells (PTC). These findings suggest a potential role for the virus in the development of MVD-related kidney injury. To shed light on this effect, we infected primary human PTC with Lake Victoria Marburg virus and conducted transcriptomic analysis at multiple time points. Unexpectedly, infection did not induce marked cytopathic effects in primary tubular cells at 20 and 40 h post infection. However, gene expression analysis revealed robust renal viral replication and dysregulation of genes essential for different cellular functions. The gene sets mainly downregulated in PTC were associated with the targets of the transcription factors MYC and E2F, DNA repair, the G2M checkpoint, as well as oxidative phosphorylation. Importantly, the downregulated factors comprise PGC-1α, a well-known factor in acute and chronic kidney injury. By contrast, the most highly upregulated gene sets were those related to the inflammatory response and cholesterol homeostasis. In conclusion, Marburg virus infects and replicates in human primary PTC and induces downregulation of processes known to be relevant for acute kidney injury as well as a strong inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Koch
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine 4, Nephrology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Filzmayer
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Urology, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany
| | - Sammy Patyna
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine 4, Nephrology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany
| | - Nils Wetzstein
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lampe
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Biochemistry I, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Biochemistry I, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany
| | - Helmut Geiger
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine 4, Nephrology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany
| | - Patrick C Baer
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine 4, Nephrology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main 60596, Germany
| | - Olga Dolnik
- Philipps University Marburg, Institute of Virology, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, Marburg 35043, Germany.
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3
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Normandin E, Triana S, Raju SS, Lan TC, Lagerborg K, Rudy M, Adams GC, DeRuff KC, Logue J, Liu D, Strebinger D, Rao A, Messer KS, Sacks M, Adams RD, Janosko K, Kotliar D, Shah R, Crozier I, Rinn JL, Melé M, Honko AN, Zhang F, Babadi M, Luban J, Bennett RS, Shalek AK, Barkas N, Lin AE, Hensley LE, Sabeti PC, Siddle KJ. Natural history of Ebola virus disease in rhesus monkeys shows viral variant emergence dynamics and tissue-specific host responses. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100440. [PMID: 38169842 PMCID: PMC10759212 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) causes Ebola virus disease (EVD), marked by severe hemorrhagic fever; however, the mechanisms underlying the disease remain unclear. To assess the molecular basis of EVD across time, we performed RNA sequencing on 17 tissues from a natural history study of 21 rhesus monkeys, developing new methods to characterize host-pathogen dynamics. We identified alterations in host gene expression with previously unknown tissue-specific changes, including downregulation of genes related to tissue connectivity. EBOV was widely disseminated throughout the body; using a new, broadly applicable deconvolution method, we found that viral load correlated with increased monocyte presence. Patterns of viral variation between tissues differentiated primary infections from compartmentalized infections, and several variants impacted viral fitness in a EBOV/Kikwit minigenome system, suggesting that functionally significant variants can emerge during early infection. This comprehensive portrait of host-pathogen dynamics in EVD illuminates new features of pathogenesis and establishes resources to study other emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Normandin
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sergio Triana
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Sciences (IMES), and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Harvard, and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Siddharth S. Raju
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tammy C.T. Lan
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kim Lagerborg
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa Rudy
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gordon C. Adams
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - James Logue
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - David Liu
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Daniel Strebinger
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Arya Rao
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Molly Sacks
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ricky D. Adams
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Krisztina Janosko
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Dylan Kotliar
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rickey Shah
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ian Crozier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - John L. Rinn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Marta Melé
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna N. Honko
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mehrtash Babadi
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jeremy Luban
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Harvard, and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Richard S. Bennett
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Alex K. Shalek
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Sciences (IMES), and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Harvard, and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nikolaos Barkas
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aaron E. Lin
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Lisa E. Hensley
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Pardis C. Sabeti
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine J. Siddle
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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4
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Cao Z, Liu C, Peng C, Ran Y, Yao Y, Xiao G, Li E, Chen Z, Chuai X, Chiu S. Ebola virus VP35 perturbs type I interferon signaling to facilitate viral replication. Virol Sin 2023; 38:922-930. [PMID: 37839549 PMCID: PMC10786653 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the deadliest viruses, Ebola virus (EBOV) causes lethal hemorrhagic fevers in humans and nonhuman primates. The suppression of innate immunity leads to robust systemic virus replication of EBOV, leading to enhanced transmission. However, the mechanism of EBOV-host interaction is not fully understood. Here, we identified multiple dysregulated genes in early stage of EBOV infection through transcriptomic analysis, which are highly clustered to Jak-STAT signaling. EBOV VP35 and VP30 were found to inhibit type I interferon (IFN) signaling. Moreover, exogenous expression of VP35 blocks the phosphorylation of endogenous STAT1, and suppresses nuclear translocation of STAT1. Using serial truncated mutations of VP35, N-terminal 1-220 amino acid residues of VP35 were identified to be essential for blocking on type I IFN signaling. Remarkably, VP35 of EBOV suppresses type I IFN signaling more efficiently than those of Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) and Marburg virus (MARV), resulting in stable replication to facilitate the pathogenesis. Altogether, this study enriches understanding on EBOV evasion of innate immune response, and provides insights into the interplay between filoviruses and host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengguo Cao
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chenchen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- National Biosafety Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430020, China
| | - Yong Ran
- National Biosafety Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430020, China
| | - Yulin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Gengfu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Entao Li
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zixi Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xia Chuai
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Sandra Chiu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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5
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Liu DX, Pahar B, Perry DL, Xu H, Cooper TK, Huzella LM, Hart RJ, Hischak AMW, Bernbaum J, St Claire M, Byrum R, Bennett RS, Warren T, Holbrook MR, Hensley LE, Crozier I, Schmaljohn CS. Depletion of Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Cells in Ebolavirus-Infected Rhesus Macaques: A Possible Cause of Hematologic Abnormalities in Ebolavirus Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:2031-2046. [PMID: 37689386 PMCID: PMC10699128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of long-recognized hematologic abnormalities in Ebolavirus (EBOV) disease (EVD) is unknown. From limited human sampling (of peripheral blood), it has been postulated that emergency hematopoiesis plays a role in severe EVD, but the systematic characterization of the bone marrow (BM) has not occurred in human disease or in nonhuman primate models. In a lethal rhesus macaque model of EVD, 18 sternal BM samples exposed to the Kikwit strain of EBOV were compared to those from uninfected controls (n = 3). Immunohistochemistry, RNAscope in situ hybridization, transmission electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy showed that EBOV infects BM monocytes/macrophages and megakaryocytes. EBOV exposure was associated with severe BM hypocellularity, including depletion of myeloid, erythroid, and megakaryocyte hematopoietic cells. These depletions were negatively correlated with cell proliferation (Ki67 expression) and were not associated with BM apoptosis during disease progression. In EBOV-infected rhesus macaques with terminal disease, BM showed marked hemophagocytosis, megakaryocyte emperipolesis, and the release of immature hematopoietic cells into the sinusoids. Collectively, these data demonstrate not only direct EBOV infection of BM monocytes/macrophages and megakaryocytes but also that disease progression is associated with hematopoietic failure, notably in peripheral cytopenia. These findings inform current pathophysiologic unknowns and suggest a crucial role for BM dysfunction and/or failure, including emergency hematopoiesis, as part of the natural history of severe human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David X Liu
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland.
| | - Bapi Pahar
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Donna L Perry
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Huanbin Xu
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Timothy K Cooper
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Louis M Huzella
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Randy J Hart
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Amanda M W Hischak
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - John Bernbaum
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Marisa St Claire
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Russell Byrum
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Richard S Bennett
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Travis Warren
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Michael R Holbrook
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Lisa E Hensley
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ian Crozier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Connie S Schmaljohn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
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Kuroda M, Halfmann PJ, Thackray LB, Diamond MS, Feldmann H, Marzi A, Kawaoka Y. An Antiviral Role for TRIM14 in Ebola Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S514-S521. [PMID: 37562033 PMCID: PMC10651195 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) is a highly pathogenic virus that encodes 7 multifunctional structural proteins. Multiple host factors have been reported to interact with the EBOV proteins. Here, we found that tripartite motif-containing 14 (TRIM14), an interferon-stimulated gene that mediates cellular signaling pathways associated with type I interferon and inflammatory cytokine production, interacts with EBOV nucleoprotein to enhance interferon-β (IFN-β) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) promotor activation. Moreover, TRIM14 overexpression reduced viral replication in an infectious but biologically contained EBOVΔVP30 system by approximately 10-fold without affecting viral protein expression. Furthermore, TRM14-deficient mice were more susceptible to mouse-adapted EBOV infection than wild-type mice. Our data suggest that TRIM14 is a host factor with anti-EBOV activity that limits EBOV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kuroda
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Peter J Halfmann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Larissa B Thackray
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Imani‐Musimwa P, Grant E, Feza‐Malira M, Mbala‐Kingebeni P, Buhoro‐Baabo G, Zawadi‐Endanda E, Fraterne‐Muhayangabo R, Claris‐Mwatsi I, Tsongo‐Kibendelwa Z, Nyakio‐Ngeleza O, Juakali‐Kyolov S, Wembonyama‐Okitosho S, Sengey‐Mushengezi‐Amani D, Mukadi‐Bamuleka D, Ververs M. A premature newborn born to an adolescent girl with acute Ebola virus disease and malaria survives in a resource-limited setting in an Ebola treatment unit in DR Congo: "A case report". Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e8253. [PMID: 38028078 PMCID: PMC10665585 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message In the acute phase of Ebola virus disease (EVD) premature neonatal survival is extremely rare. High mortality is related to prematurity, neonatal complications of Ebola, and precarious conditions of neonatal care in underresourced ETUs. This is a case of preterm neonatal survival in the setting of acute maternal EVD infection. Abstract This case describes rare preterm newborn survival in the setting of an Ebola treatment unit in Eastern DRC. The neonate was born vaginally to an acutely ill 17-year-old mother who was vaccinated against Ebola virus after being identified as a contact of her father, who was a confirmed case and who did not survive his infection. This woman was admitted to an Ebola treatment unit at 32 weeks of gestation and given monoclonal antibody treatment. She gave birth vaginally, succumbing to postpartum hemorrhage 14 h after delivery. This child survived despite compounding vulnerabilities of preterm birth and maternal Ebola infection. Despite a negative test for EVD, the neonate was given a single dose of monoclonal antibody therapy in the first days of life. We believe maternal vaccination and neonatal monoclonal antibody treatment contributed to the child's survival. The circumstances surrounding neonatal survival in this extremely resource-limited context must be analyzed and disseminated in order to increase rates of neonatal and maternal survival in future outbreaks. Maternal and neonatal health are critical aspects of outbreak response that have been understudied and underreported leaving clinicians severely underresourced to provide life-saving care in outbreak settings. Pregnancy and childbirth do not stop in times of disease outbreak, adequate equipment and trained staff required for quality neonatal care must be considered in future outbreak responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Imani‐Musimwa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of MedicineUniversity of GomaGomaDemocratic Republic of Congo
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche et Promotion des Droits à la Santé (CIRPRODS)BukavuDemocratic Republic of Congo
- School of Public HealthUniversity of GomaGomaDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Emilie Grant
- Center for Humanitarian HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | - Placide Mbala‐Kingebeni
- Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale (INRB)KinshasaDemocratic Republic of Congo
- Departement of Medical Biology, School of MedicineUniversity of KinshasaKinshasaDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Gisèle Buhoro‐Baabo
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, School of MedicineUniversity of GomaGomaDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Espérence Zawadi‐Endanda
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, School of MedicineUniversity of GomaGomaDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Rigo Fraterne‐Muhayangabo
- School of Public HealthUniversity of GomaGomaDemocratic Republic of Congo
- International Medical Corps (IMC)GomaDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Inès Claris‐Mwatsi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of MedicineUniversity of GomaGomaDemocratic Republic of Congo
- School of Public HealthUniversity of GomaGomaDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Zacharie Tsongo‐Kibendelwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of KisanganiKisanganiDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Olivier Nyakio‐Ngeleza
- Departement of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of MedicineOfficial University Of BukavuBukavuDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Sihali Juakali‐Kyolov
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of MedicineUniversity of KisanganiKisanganiDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Stanis Wembonyama‐Okitosho
- School of Public HealthUniversity of GomaGomaDemocratic Republic of Congo
- Department Pediatrics and Neonatology, School of MedicineUniversity of LumbumbashiLubumbashiDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Daniel Mukadi‐Bamuleka
- Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale (INRB)KinshasaDemocratic Republic of Congo
- Departement of Medical Biology, School of MedicineUniversity of KinshasaKinshasaDemocratic Republic of Congo
- Rodolphe Mérieux INRB‐Goma LaboratoryGomaDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Mija Ververs
- Center for Humanitarian HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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8
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Han JJ, Song HA, Pierson SL, Shen-Gunther J, Xia Q. Emerging Infectious Diseases Are Virulent Viruses-Are We Prepared? An Overview. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2618. [PMID: 38004630 PMCID: PMC10673331 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 affected the global population, resulting in a significant loss of lives and global economic deterioration. COVID-19 highlighted the importance of public awareness and science-based decision making, and exposed global vulnerabilities in preparedness and response systems. Emerging and re-emerging viral outbreaks are becoming more frequent due to increased international travel and global warming. These viral outbreaks impose serious public health threats and have transformed national strategies for pandemic preparedness with global economic consequences. At the molecular level, viral mutations and variations are constantly thwarting vaccine efficacy, as well as diagnostic, therapeutic, and prevention strategies. Here, we discuss viral infectious diseases that were epidemic and pandemic, currently available treatments, and surveillance measures, along with their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine J. Han
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical Investigation, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA
| | - Hannah A. Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA;
| | - Sarah L. Pierson
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA;
| | - Jane Shen-Gunther
- Gynecologic Oncology & Clinical Investigation, Department of Clinical Investigation, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA;
| | - Qingqing Xia
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA;
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9
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Dupuy LC, Spiropoulou CF, Towner JS, Spengler JR, Sullivan NJ, Montgomery JM. Filoviruses: Scientific Gaps and Prototype Pathogen Recommendation. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S446-S459. [PMID: 37849404 PMCID: PMC11009505 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses in the family Filoviridae, including the commonly known Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg (MARV) viruses, can cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates. Sporadic outbreaks of filovirus disease occur in sub-Saharan Africa with reported case fatality rates ranging from 25% to 90%. The high mortality and increasing frequency and magnitude of recent outbreaks along with the increased potential for spread from rural to urban areas highlight the importance of pandemic preparedness for these viruses. Despite their designation as high-priority pathogens, numerous scientific gaps exist in critical areas. In this review, these gaps and an assessment of potential prototype pathogen candidates are presented for this important virus family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley C Dupuy
- Virology Branch, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jonathan S Towner
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nancy J Sullivan
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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10
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Aguilar-Briseño JA, Elliff JM, Patten JJ, Wilson LR, Davey RA, Bailey AL, Maury WJ. Effect of Interferon Gamma on Ebola Virus Infection of Primary Kupffer Cells and a Kupffer Cell Line. Viruses 2023; 15:2077. [PMID: 37896854 PMCID: PMC10611415 DOI: 10.3390/v15102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus disease (EVD) represents a global health threat. The etiological agents of EVD are six species of Orthoebolaviruses, with Orthoebolavirus zairense (EBOV) having the greatest public health and medical significance. EVD pathogenesis occurs as a result of broad cellular tropism of the virus, robust viral replication and a potent and dysregulated production of cytokines. In vivo, tissue macrophages are some of the earliest cells infected and contribute significantly to virus load and cytokine production. While EBOV is known to infect macrophages and to generate high titer virus in the liver, EBOV infection of liver macrophages, Kupffer cells, has not previously been examined in tissue culture or experimentally manipulated in vivo. Here, we employed primary murine Kupffer cells (KC) and an immortalized murine Kupffer cell line (ImKC) to assess EBOV-eGFP replication in liver macrophages. KCs and ImKCs were highly permissive for EBOV infection and IFN-γ polarization of these cells suppressed their permissiveness to infection. The kinetics of IFN-γ-elicited antiviral responses were examined using a biologically contained model of EBOV infection termed EBOV ΔVP30. The antiviral activity of IFN-γ was transient, but a modest ~3-fold reduction of infection persisted for as long as 6 days post-treatment. To assess the interferon-stimulated gene products (ISGs) responsible for protection, the efficacy of secreted ISGs induced by IFN-γ was evaluated and secreted ISGs failed to block EBOV ΔVP30. Our studies define new cellular tools for the study of EBOV infection that can potentially aid the development of new antiviral therapies. Furthermore, our data underscore the importance of macrophages in EVD pathogenesis and those IFN-γ-elicited ISGs that help to control EBOV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonah M. Elliff
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Justin J. Patten
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (J.J.P.); (R.A.D.)
| | - Lindsay R. Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA; (L.R.W.); (A.L.B.)
| | - Robert A. Davey
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (J.J.P.); (R.A.D.)
| | - Adam L. Bailey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA; (L.R.W.); (A.L.B.)
| | - Wendy J. Maury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
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11
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McMahon DE, Schuetz AN, Kovarik CL. Emerging infectious diseases of the skin: a review of clinical and histologic findings. Hum Pathol 2023; 140:196-213. [PMID: 37454994 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases are of great importance to public health and clinical practice. This review aims to characterize the clinical and histopathologic features of emerging infectious diseases with cutaneous manifestations in order to increase awareness of these entities among dermatologists, pathologists, and dermatopathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon E McMahon
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Audrey N Schuetz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Carrie L Kovarik
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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12
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Srivastava S, Sharma D, Kumar S, Sharma A, Rijal R, Asija A, Adhikari S, Rustagi S, Sah S, Al-qaim ZH, Bashyal P, Mohanty A, Barboza JJ, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Sah R. Emergence of Marburg virus: a global perspective on fatal outbreaks and clinical challenges. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1239079. [PMID: 37771708 PMCID: PMC10526840 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1239079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Marburg virus (MV), identified in 1967, has caused deadly outbreaks worldwide, the mortality rate of Marburg virus disease (MVD) varies depending on the outbreak and virus strain, but the average case fatality rate is around 50%. However, case fatality rates have varied from 24 to 88% in past outbreaks depending on virus strain and case management. Designated a priority pathogen by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), MV induces hemorrhagic fever, organ failure, and coagulation issues in both humans and non-human primates. This review presents an extensive exploration of MVD outbreak evolution, virus structure, and genome, as well as the sources and transmission routes of MV, including human-to-human spread and involvement of natural hosts such as the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) and other Chiroptera species. The disease progression involves early viral replication impacting immune cells like monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, followed by damage to the spleen, liver, and secondary lymphoid organs. Subsequent spread occurs to hepatocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells. MV can evade host immune response by inhibiting interferon type I (IFN-1) synthesis. This comprehensive investigation aims to enhance understanding of pathophysiology, cellular tropism, and injury sites in the host, aiding insights into MVD causes. Clinical data and treatments are discussed, albeit current methods to halt MVD outbreaks remain elusive. By elucidating MV infection's history and mechanisms, this review seeks to advance MV disease treatment, drug development, and vaccine creation. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers MV a high-concern filovirus causing severe and fatal hemorrhagic fever, with a death rate ranging from 24 to 88%. The virus often spreads through contact with infected individuals, originating from animals. Visitors to bat habitats like caves or mines face higher risk. We tailored this search strategy for four databases: Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed. we primarily utilized search terms such as "Marburg virus," "Epidemiology," "Vaccine," "Outbreak," and "Transmission." To enhance comprehension of the virus and associated disease, this summary offers a comprehensive overview of MV outbreaks, pathophysiology, and management strategies. Continued research and learning hold promise for preventing and controlling future MVD outbreaks. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriyansh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Rishikesh Rijal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Ankush Asija
- WVU United Hospital Center, Bridgeport, WV, United States
| | | | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sanjit Sah
- Global Consortium for Public Health and Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, India
- Department of Anesthesia Techniques, SR Sanjeevani Hospital, Siraha, Nepal
| | | | - Prashant Bashyal
- Lumbini Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu University Parvas, Palpa, Nepal
| | - Aroop Mohanty
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
- Master Program on Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Spital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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13
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Mursel S, Conus D, Huang W, Buceta J, Bocchini P. Random field calibration with data on irregular grid for regional analyses: A case study on the bare carrying capacity of bats in Africa. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10489. [PMID: 37701021 PMCID: PMC10493194 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Many applications in science and engineering involve data defined at specific geospatial locations, which are often modeled as random fields. The modeling of a proper correlation function is essential for the probabilistic calibration of the random fields, but traditional methods were developed with the assumption to have observations with evenly spaced data. Available methods dealing with irregularly spaced data generally require either interpolation or computationally expensive solutions. Instead, we propose a simple approach based on least square regression to estimate the autocorrelation function. We first tested our methodology on an artificially produced dataset to assess the performance of our method. The accuracy of the method and its robustness to the level of noise in the data indicate that it is suitable for use in realistic problems. In addition, the methodology was used on a major application, the modeling of animal species connected with zoonotic diseases. Understanding the population dynamics of reservoirs of zoonotic diseases, such as bats, is a crucial first step to predict and prevent potential spillover of deadly viruses like Ebola. Due to the limited data on bats across Africa, their density and migrations can only be studied with probabilistic numerical models based on samples of the ecological bare carrying capacity (K 0 ). For this purpose, the bare carrying capacity was modeled as a random field and its statistics calibrated with the available data. The bare carrying capacity of bats was found to be denser in central Africa. This is because climatic and environmental conditions are more suitable for the survival of bats. The proposed methodology for random field calibration was shown to be a promising approach, which can cope with large gaps in data and with complex applications involving large geographical areas and high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Mursel
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Daniel Conus
- Department of MathematicsLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Wei‐Min Huang
- Department of MathematicsLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Javier Buceta
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), CSIC‐UVPaternaSpain
| | - Paolo Bocchini
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
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14
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Shepley-McTaggart A, Liang J, Ding Y, Djurkovic MA, Kriachun V, Shtanko O, Sunyer O, Harty RN. Contrasting effects of filamin A and B proteins in modulating filovirus entry. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011595. [PMID: 37585478 PMCID: PMC10461817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg viruses (MARV) cause severe hemorrhagic fever associated with high mortality rates in humans. A better understanding of filovirus-host interactions that regulate the EBOV and MARV lifecycles can provide biological and mechanistic insight critical for therapeutic development. EBOV glycoprotein (eGP) and MARV glycoprotein (mGP) mediate entry into host cells primarily by actin-dependent macropinocytosis. Here, we identified actin-binding cytoskeletal crosslinking proteins filamin A (FLNa) and B (FLNb) as important regulators of both EBOV and MARV entry. We found that entry of pseudotype psVSV-RFP-eGP, infectious recombinant rVSV-eGP-mCherry, and live authentic EBOV and MARV was inhibited in filamin A knockdown (FLNaKD) cells, but was surprisingly enhanced in filamin B knockdown (FLNbKD) cells. Mechanistically, our findings suggest that differential regulation of macropinocytosis by FLNa and FLNb likely contributes to their specific effects on EBOV and MARV entry. This study is the first to identify the filamin family of proteins as regulators of EBOV and MARV entry. These findings may provide insight into the development of new countermeasures to prevent EBOV and MARV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Shepley-McTaggart
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marija A. Djurkovic
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Valeriia Kriachun
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Olena Shtanko
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Oriol Sunyer
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ronald N. Harty
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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15
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Broni E, Ashley C, Adams J, Manu H, Aikins E, Okom M, Miller WA, Wilson MD, Kwofie SK. Cheminformatics-Based Study Identifies Potential Ebola VP40 Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076298. [PMID: 37047270 PMCID: PMC10094735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ebola virus (EBOV) is still highly infectious and causes severe hemorrhagic fevers in primates. However, there are no regulatorily approved drugs against the Ebola virus disease (EVD). The highly virulent and lethal nature of EVD highlights the need to develop therapeutic agents. Viral protein 40 kDa (VP40), the most abundantly expressed protein during infection, coordinates the assembly, budding, and release of viral particles into the host cell. It also regulates viral transcription and RNA replication. This study sought to identify small molecules that could potentially inhibit the VP40 protein by targeting the N-terminal domain using an in silico approach. The statistical quality of AutoDock Vina’s capacity to discriminate between inhibitors and decoys was determined, and an area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) curve of 0.791 was obtained. A total of 29,519 natural-product-derived compounds from Chinese and African sources as well as 2738 approved drugs were successfully screened against VP40. Using a threshold of −8 kcal/mol, a total of 7, 11, 163, and 30 compounds from the AfroDb, Northern African Natural Products Database (NANPDB), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and approved drugs libraries, respectively, were obtained after molecular docking. A biological activity prediction of the lead compounds suggested their potential antiviral properties. In addition, random-forest- and support-vector-machine-based algorithms predicted the compounds to be anti-Ebola with IC50 values in the micromolar range (less than 25 μM). A total of 42 natural-product-derived compounds were identified as potential EBOV inhibitors with desirable ADMET profiles, comprising 1, 2, and 39 compounds from NANPDB (2-hydroxyseneganolide), AfroDb (ZINC000034518176 and ZINC000095485942), and TCM, respectively. A total of 23 approved drugs, including doramectin, glecaprevir, velpatasvir, ledipasvir, avermectin B1, nafarelin acetate, danoprevir, eltrombopag, lanatoside C, and glycyrrhizin, among others, were also predicted to have potential anti-EBOV activity and can be further explored so that they may be repurposed for EVD treatment. Molecular dynamics simulations coupled with molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area calculations corroborated the stability and good binding affinities of the complexes (−46.97 to −118.9 kJ/mol). The potential lead compounds may have the potential to be developed as anti-EBOV drugs after experimental testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Broni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), College of Health Sciences (CHS), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 581, Ghana
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Carolyn Ashley
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Joseph Adams
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), College of Health Sciences (CHS), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 581, Ghana
| | - Hammond Manu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer Aikins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana
| | - Mary Okom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana
| | - Whelton A. Miller
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence: (W.A.M.III); (S.K.K.); Tel.: +1(708)-2168451 (W.A.M.III); +23-320-3797922 (S.K.K.)
| | - Michael D. Wilson
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), College of Health Sciences (CHS), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 581, Ghana
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Samuel K. Kwofie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra LG 54, Ghana
- Correspondence: (W.A.M.III); (S.K.K.); Tel.: +1(708)-2168451 (W.A.M.III); +23-320-3797922 (S.K.K.)
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16
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Wang Z, Chen C, Su Y, Ke N. Function and characteristics of TIM‑4 in immune regulation and disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 51:10. [PMID: 36524355 PMCID: PMC9848438 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
T‑cell/transmembrane immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 4 (TIM‑4) is a phosphatidylserine receptor that is mainly expressed on antigen‑presenting cells and is involved in the recognition and efferocytosis of apoptotic cells. TIM‑4 has been found to be expressed in immune cells such as natural killer T, B and mast cells and to participate in multiple aspects of immune regulation, suggesting that TIM‑4 may be involved in a variety of immune‑related diseases. Recent studies have confirmed that TIM‑4 is also abnormally expressed in a variety of malignant tumor cells and is closely associated with the occurrence and development of tumors and the tumor immune microenvironment. The present study aimed to describe the expression and functional characteristics of TIM‑4 in detail and to comprehensively discuss its role in pathophysiological processes such as infection, allergy, metabolism, autoimmunity and tumor immunity. The current review provided a comprehensive understanding of the functions and characteristics of TIM‑4, as well as novel ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610095, P.R. China
| | - Yingzhen Su
- Kunming University School of Medicine, Kunming University School, Kunming, Yunnan 650124, P.R. China
| | - Nengwen Ke
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Nengwen Ke, Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China, E-mail:
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17
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He L, Wang H, Yu Z, Liao C, Ding K, Zhang C, Yu C, Zhang C. Rescue of an enterotropic Newcastle disease virus strain ZM10 from cloned cDNA and stable expressing an inserted foreign gene. BMC Biotechnol 2022; 22:38. [PMID: 36471312 PMCID: PMC9724440 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-022-00763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain ZM10, a typical enterotropic avirulent vaccine strain, has been widely used in China for chickens against Newcastle disease. To elucidate its enterotropic mechanism and develop recombiant multivalent vaccines based on it, the reverse genetics system for NDV ZM10 is an indispensable platform. RESULTS A full-length cDNA clone of NDV ZM10 and three supporting plasmids were constructed using the ligation-independent cloning method. Recombinant NDV rZM10 was successfully rescued after these plasmids were co-transfected into BHK-21 cells. Besides, the recombinant virus rZM10-RFP encoding the red fluorescent protein was generated by inserting the RFP gene into the full-length clone of NDV between the P and M genes. These rescued viruses were genetically and biologically identical to the parental strain and showed similar growth kinetics. CONCLUSION The recovery system of NDV ZM10 strain was established, and can be used as a foundation for research on the enterotropic mechanism and development of multivalent vaccines against viral diseases of livestock and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 Henan China
| | - Hairong Wang
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 Henan China
| | - Zuhua Yu
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 Henan China
| | - Chengshui Liao
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 Henan China
| | - Ke Ding
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 Henan China
| | - Cai Zhang
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 Henan China
| | - Chuan Yu
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, 471900 Henan China
| | - Chunjie Zhang
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 Henan China
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18
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Wang F, Zhang J, Wang Y, Chen Y, Han D. Viral tropism for the testis and sexual transmission. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1040172. [PMID: 36439102 PMCID: PMC9682072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1040172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian testis adopts an immune privileged environment to protect male germ cells from adverse autoimmune reaction. The testicular immune privileged status can be also hijacked by various microbial pathogens as a sanctuary to escape systemic immune surveillance. In particular, several viruses have a tropism for the testis. To overcome the immune privileged status and mount an effective local defense against invading viruses, testicular cells are well equipped with innate antiviral machinery. However, several viruses may persist an elongated duration in the testis and disrupt the local immune homeostasis, thereby impairing testicular functions and male fertility. Moreover, the viruses in the testis, as well as other organs of the male reproductive system, can shed to the semen, thus allowing sexual transmission to partners. Viral infection in the testis, which can impair male fertility and lead to sexual transmission, is a serious concern in research on known and on new emerging viruses. To provide references for our scientific peers, this article reviews research achievements and suggests future research focuses in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yongmei Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Daishu Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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19
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Ro YT, Patterson JL. Transcriptional induction of TGF-β1 and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition cell markers in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by Ebola virus infection. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:1499-1507. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Wanninger TG, Millian DE, Saldarriaga OA, Maruyama J, Saito T, Reyna RA, Taniguchi S, Arroyave E, Connolly ME, Stevenson HL, Paessler S. Macrophage infection, activation, and histopathological findings in ebolavirus infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1023557. [PMID: 36310868 PMCID: PMC9597316 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1023557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages contribute to Ebola virus disease through their susceptibility to direct infection, their multi-faceted response to ebolaviruses, and their association with pathological findings in tissues throughout the body. Viral attachment and entry factors, as well as the more recently described influence of cell polarization, shape macrophage susceptibility to direct infection. Moreover, the study of Toll-like receptor 4 and the RIG-I-like receptor pathway in the macrophage response to ebolaviruses highlight important immune signaling pathways contributing to the breadth of macrophage responses. Lastly, the deep histopathological catalogue of macrophage involvement across numerous tissues during infection has been enriched by descriptions of tissues involved in sequelae following acute infection, including: the eye, joints, and the nervous system. Building upon this knowledge base, future opportunities include characterization of macrophage phenotypes beneficial or deleterious to survival, delineation of the specific roles macrophages play in pathological lesion development in affected tissues, and the creation of macrophage-specific therapeutics enhancing the beneficial activities and reducing the deleterious contributions of macrophages to the outcome of Ebola virus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G. Wanninger
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Daniel E. Millian
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Omar A. Saldarriaga
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Junki Maruyama
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Rachel A. Reyna
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Satoshi Taniguchi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Esteban Arroyave
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Melanie E. Connolly
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Heather L. Stevenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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21
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Scoon WA, Mancio-Silva L, Suder EL, Villacorta-Martin C, Lindstrom-Vautrin J, Bernbaum JG, Mazur S, Johnson RF, Olejnik J, Flores EY, Mithal A, Wang F, Hume AJ, Kaserman JE, March-Riera S, Wilson AA, Bhatia SN, Mühlberger E, Mostoslavsky G. Ebola virus infection induces a delayed type I IFN response in bystander cells and the shutdown of key liver genes in human iPSC-derived hepatocytes. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2286-2302. [PMID: 36084636 PMCID: PMC9561183 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver damage and an exacerbated inflammatory response are hallmarks of Ebola virus (EBOV) infection. Little is known about the intrinsic response to infection in human hepatocytes and their contribution to inflammation. Here, we present an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived hepatocyte-like cell (HLC) platform to define the hepato-intrinsic response to EBOV infection. We used this platform to show robust EBOV infection, with characteristic ultrastructural changes and evidence for viral replication. Transcriptomics analysis revealed a delayed response with minimal early transcriptomic changes, followed by a general downregulation of hepatic function and upregulation of interferon signaling, providing a potential mechanism by which hepatocytes participate in disease severity and liver damage. Using RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we showed that IFNB1 and CXCL10 were mainly expressed in non-infected bystander cells. We did not observe an inflammatory signature during infection. In conclusion, iPSC-HLCs are an immune competent platform to study responses to EBOV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney A. Scoon
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, Suite 209, Boston, MA 02118, USA,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA,Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Liliana Mancio-Silva
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ellen L. Suder
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA,Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Carlos Villacorta-Martin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, Suite 209, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jonathan Lindstrom-Vautrin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, Suite 209, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - John G. Bernbaum
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Steve Mazur
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Reed F. Johnson
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA,Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Judith Olejnik
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA,Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Elizabeth Y. Flores
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, Suite 209, Boston, MA 02118, USA,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA,Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Aditya Mithal
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, Suite 209, Boston, MA 02118, USA,Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Feiya Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, Suite 209, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Adam J. Hume
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA,Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Joseph E. Kaserman
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, Suite 209, Boston, MA 02118, USA,The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Sandra March-Riera
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew A. Wilson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, Suite 209, Boston, MA 02118, USA,The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Sangeeta N. Bhatia
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, MA 02139, USA,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Elke Mühlberger
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Gustavo Mostoslavsky
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, Suite 209, Boston, MA 02118, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Suite 209, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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22
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Chakraborty S, Chandran D, Mohapatra RK, Rabaan AA, Alhumaid S, Al Mutair A, Chakraborty C, Harapan H, Dhama K. Sexual transmission of recently re-emerged deadly Marburg virus (MARV) needs explorative studies and due attention for its prevention and feasible spread - Correspondence. Int J Surg 2022; 106:106884. [PMID: 36075554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, R.K. Nagar, West Tripura, Tripura, 799008, India
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, 642109, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, 758002, Odisha, India.
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, 31311, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia; Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22610, Pakistan
| | - Saad Alhumaid
- Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas Al Mutair
- Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa, 36342, Saudi Arabia; College of Nursing, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11564, Saudi Arabia; School of Nursing, Wollongong University, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Nursing Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, 33048, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, 700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Tropical Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh,23111, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
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23
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Peng W, Rayaprolu V, Parvate AD, Pronker MF, Hui S, Parekh D, Shaffer K, Yu X, Saphire EO, Snijder J. Glycan shield of the ebolavirus envelope glycoprotein GP. Commun Biol 2022; 5:785. [PMID: 35927436 PMCID: PMC9352669 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The envelope glycoprotein GP of the ebolaviruses is essential for host cell entry and the primary target of the host antibody response. GP is heavily glycosylated with up to 17 N-linked sites, numerous O-linked glycans in its disordered mucin-like domain (MLD), and three predicted C-linked mannosylation sites. Glycosylation is important for host cell attachment, GP stability and fusion activity, and shielding from neutralization by serum antibodies. Here, we use glycoproteomics to profile the site-specific glycosylation patterns of ebolavirus GP. We detect up to 16 unique O-linked glycosylation sites in the MLD, and two O-linked sites in the receptor-binding GP1 subunit. Multiple O-linked glycans are observed within N-linked glycosylation sequons, suggesting crosstalk between the two types of modifications. We confirmed C-mannosylation of W288 in full-length trimeric GP. We find complex glycosylation at the majority of N-linked sites, while the conserved sites N257 and especially N563 are enriched in unprocessed glycans, suggesting a role in host-cell attachment via DC-SIGN/L-SIGN. Our findings illustrate how N-, O-, and C-linked glycans together build the heterogeneous glycan shield of GP, guiding future immunological studies and functional interpretation of ebolavirus GP-antibody interactions. Site-specific N-, O-, and C-linked glycans are characterized in the ebolavirus envelope glycoprotein GP using mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Peng
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vamseedhar Rayaprolu
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Pacific Northwest Center for CryoEM, Portland, OR, 97225, USA
| | - Amar D Parvate
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Matti F Pronker
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sean Hui
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Diptiben Parekh
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kelly Shaffer
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Erica O Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA
| | - Joost Snijder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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24
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Pan Q, Xu Q, Liu T, Zhang Y, Xin J. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
membrane protein Mhp271 interacts with host
UPR
protein
GRP78
to facilitate infection. Mol Microbiol 2022; 118:208-222. [PMID: 35791781 PMCID: PMC9542919 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays a crucial role in Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) pathogenesis. We previously demonstrated that M. hyopneumoniae interferes with the host UPR to foster bacterial adhesion and infection. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of this UPR modulation is unclear. Here, we report that M. hyopneumoniae membrane protein Mhp271 interacts with host GRP78, a master regulator of UPR localized to the porcine tracheal epithelial cells (PTECs) surface. The interaction of Mhp271 with GRP78 reduces the porcine beta‐defensin 2 (PBD‐2) production, thereby facilitating M. hyopneumoniae adherence and infection. Furthermore, the R1‐2 repeat region of Mhp271 is crucial for GRP78 binding and the regulation of PBD‐2 expression. Intriguingly, a coimmunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) assay and molecular docking prediction indicated that the ATP, rather than the substrate‐binding domain of GRP78, is targeted by Mhp271 R1‐2. Overall, our findings identify host GRP78 as a target for M. hyopneumoniae Mhp271 modulating the host UPR to facilitate M. hyopneumoniae adherence and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin China
| | - Qingyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin China
| | - Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin China
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin China
| | - Jiuqing Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin China
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25
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Tale of Viruses in Male Infertility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1358:275-323. [PMID: 35641875 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89340-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Male infertility is a condition where the males either become sterile or critically infertile. The World Health Organisation assessed that approximately 9% of the couple have fertility issues where the contribution of the male partner was estimated to be 50%. There are several factors that can amalgamate to give rise to male infertility. Among them are lifestyle factors, genetic factors and as well as several environmental factors. The causes of male infertility may be acquired, congenital or sometimes idiopathic. All these factors adversely affect the spermatogenesis process as well as they impart serious threats to male genital organs thus resulting in infertility. Viruses are submicroscopic pathogenic agents that rely on host for their replication and survival. They enter the host cell, hijack the host cell machinery to aid their own replication and exit the cell for a new round of infection. With the growing abundance of different types of viruses and the havoc they have stirred in the form of pandemics, it is very essential to decipher their route of entry inside the human body and understand their diverse functional roles in order to combat them. In this chapter, we will review how viruses invade the male genital system thus in turn leading to detrimental consequence on male fertility. We will discuss the tropism of various viruses in the male genital organs and explore their sexual transmissibility. This chapter will summarise the functional and mechanistic approaches employed by the viruses in inducing oxidative stress inside spermatozoa thus leading to male infertility. Moreover, we will also highlight the various antiviral therapies that have been studied so far in order to ameliorate viral infection in order to combat the harmful consequences leading to male infertility.
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26
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Haley PJ. From bats to pangolins: new insights into species differences in the structure and function of the immune system. Innate Immun 2022; 28:107-121. [PMID: 35506564 PMCID: PMC9136466 DOI: 10.1177/17534259221093120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Species differences in the structure and function of the immune system of laboratory animals are known to exist and have been reviewed extensively. However, the number and diversity of wild and exotic species, along with their associated viruses, that come into contact with humans has increased worldwide sometimes with lethal consequences. Far less is known about the immunobiology of these exotic and wild species. Data suggest that species differences of the mechanisms of inflammation, innate immunity and adaptive immunity are all involved in the establishment and maintenance of viral infections across reservoir hosts. The current review attempts to collect relevant data concerning the basics of innate and adaptive immune functions of exotic and wild species followed by identification of those differences that may play a role in the maintenance of viral infections in reservoir hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Haley
- Haley Tox/Path Consulting LLC, 104 Cypress Springs Way, 78633, Georgetown Texas, United States
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27
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Gourronc FA, Rebagliati M, Kramer-Riesberg B, Fleck AM, Patten JJ, Geohegan-Barek K, Messingham KN, Davey RA, Maury W, Klingelhutz AJ. Adipocytes are susceptible to Ebola Virus infection. Virology 2022; 573:12-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Shah S, Sinharay S, Patel R, Solomon J, Lee JH, Schreiber-Stainthorp W, Basuli F, Zhang X, Hagen KR, Reeder R, Wakim P, Huzella LM, Maric D, Johnson RF, Hammoud DA. PET imaging of TSPO expression in immune cells can assess organ-level pathophysiology in high-consequence viral infections. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2110846119. [PMID: 35385353 PMCID: PMC9169664 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110846119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) disease is characterized by lymphopenia, breach in vascular integrity, cytokine storm, and multiorgan failure. The pathophysiology of organ involvement, however, is incompletely understood. Using [18F]-DPA-714 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging targeting the translocator protein (TSPO), an immune cell marker, we sought to characterize the progression of EBOV-associated organ-level pathophysiology in the EBOV Rhesus macaque model. Dynamic [18F]-DPA-714 PET/computed tomography imaging was performed longitudinally at baseline and at multiple time points after EBOV inoculation, and distribution volumes (Vt) were calculated as a measure of peripheral TSPO binding. Using a mixed-effect linear regression model, spleen and lung Vt decreased, while the bone marrow Vt increased over time after infection. No clear trend was found for liver Vt. Multiple plasma cytokines correlated negatively with lung/spleen Vt and positively with bone marrow Vt. Multiplex immunofluorescence staining in spleen and lung sections confirmed organ-level lymphoid and monocytic loss/apoptosis, thus validating the imaging results. Our findings are consistent with EBOV-induced progressive monocytic and lymphocytic depletion in the spleen, rather than immune activation, as well as depletion of alveolar macrophages in the lungs, with inefficient reactive neutrophilic activation. Increased bone marrow Vt, on the other hand, suggests hematopoietic activation in response to systemic immune cell depletion and leukocytosis and could have prognostic relevance. In vivo PET imaging provided better understanding of organ-level pathophysiology during EBOV infection. A similar approach can be used to delineate the pathophysiology of other systemic infections and to evaluate the effectiveness of newly developed treatment and vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Shah
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sanhita Sinharay
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Reema Patel
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jeffrey Solomon
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702
| | | | - Falguni Basuli
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD 20824
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD 20824
| | - Katie R. Hagen
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Rebecca Reeder
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Paul Wakim
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Louis M. Huzella
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Dragan Maric
- Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Reed F. Johnson
- Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Dima A. Hammoud
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
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29
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Abir MH, Rahman T, Das A, Etu SN, Nafiz IH, Rakib A, Mitra S, Emran TB, Dhama K, Islam A, Siyadatpanah A, Mahmud S, Kim B, Hassan MM. Pathogenicity and virulence of Marburg virus. Virulence 2022; 13:609-633. [PMID: 35363588 PMCID: PMC8986239 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2054760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) has been a major concern since 1967, with two major outbreaks occurring in 1998 and 2004. Infection from MARV results in severe hemorrhagic fever, causing organ dysfunction and death. Exposure to fruit bats in caves and mines, and human-to-human transmission had major roles in the amplification of MARV outbreaks in African countries. The high fatality rate of up to 90% demands the broad study of MARV diseases (MVD) that correspond with MARV infection. Since large outbreaks are rare for MARV, clinical investigations are often inadequate for providing the substantial data necessary to determine the treatment of MARV disease. Therefore, an overall review may contribute to minimizing the limitations associated with future medical research and improve the clinical management of MVD. In this review, we sought to analyze and amalgamate significant information regarding MARV disease epidemics, pathophysiology, and management approaches to provide a better understanding of this deadly virus and the associated infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehedy Hasan Abir
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjilur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Ayan Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Silvia Naznin Etu
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Iqbal Hossain Nafiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Rakib
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ariful Islam
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA.,Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abolghasem Siyadatpanah
- Ferdows School of Paramedical and Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Shafi Mahmud
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Bonlgee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
- Queensland Alliance for One Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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30
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Zhang Q, Yang J, Tillieux S, Guo Z, Natividade RDS, Koehler M, Petitjean S, Cui Z, Alsteens D. Stepwise Enzymatic-Dependent Mechanism of Ebola Virus Binding to Cell Surface Receptors Monitored by AFM. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1641-1648. [PMID: 35108019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) is responsible for several outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever with high mortality, raising great public concern. Several cell surface receptors have been identified to mediate EBOV binding and internalization, including phosphatidylserine (PS) receptors (TIM-1) and C-type lectin receptors (DC-SIGNR). However, the role of TIM-1 during early cell surface binding remains elusive and in particular whether TIM-1 acts as a specific receptor for EBOV. Here, we used force-distance curve-based atomic force microscopy (FD-based AFM) to quantify the binding between TIM-1/DC-SIGNR and EBOV glycoprotein (GP) and observed that both receptors specifically bind to GP with high-affinity. Since TIM-1 can also directly interact with PS at the single-molecule level, we also confirmed that TIM-1 acts as dual-function receptors of EBOV. These results highlight the direct involvement of multiple high-affinity receptors in the first steps of binding to cell surfaces, thus offering new perspectives for the development of anti-EBOV therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrong Zhang
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium
| | - Jinsung Yang
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium
| | - Sueli Tillieux
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium
| | - Zhengyuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Rita Dos Santos Natividade
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium
| | - Melanie Koehler
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium
| | - Simon Petitjean
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium
| | - Zongqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - David Alsteens
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wavre 1300, Belgium
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31
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Hume AJ, Heiden B, Olejnik J, Suder EL, Ross S, Scoon WA, Bullitt E, Ericsson M, White MR, Turcinovic J, Thao TTN, Hekman RM, Kaserman JE, Huang J, Alysandratos KD, Toth GE, Jakab F, Kotton DN, Wilson AA, Emili A, Thiel V, Connor JH, Kemenesi G, Cifuentes D, Mühlberger E. Recombinant Lloviu virus as a tool to study viral replication and host responses. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010268. [PMID: 35120176 PMCID: PMC8849519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Next generation sequencing has revealed the presence of numerous RNA viruses in animal reservoir hosts, including many closely related to known human pathogens. Despite their zoonotic potential, most of these viruses remain understudied due to not yet being cultured. While reverse genetic systems can facilitate virus rescue, this is often hindered by missing viral genome ends. A prime example is Lloviu virus (LLOV), an uncultured filovirus that is closely related to the highly pathogenic Ebola virus. Using minigenome systems, we complemented the missing LLOV genomic ends and identified cis-acting elements required for LLOV replication that were lacking in the published sequence. We leveraged these data to generate recombinant full-length LLOV clones and rescue infectious virus. Similar to other filoviruses, recombinant LLOV (rLLOV) forms filamentous virions and induces the formation of characteristic inclusions in the cytoplasm of the infected cells, as shown by electron microscopy. Known target cells of Ebola virus, including macrophages and hepatocytes, are permissive to rLLOV infection, suggesting that humans could be potential hosts. However, inflammatory responses in human macrophages, a hallmark of Ebola virus disease, are not induced by rLLOV. Additional tropism testing identified pneumocytes as capable of robust rLLOV and Ebola virus infection. We also used rLLOV to test antivirals targeting multiple facets of the replication cycle. Rescue of uncultured viruses of pathogenic concern represents a valuable tool in our arsenal for pandemic preparedness. Due to increasing utilization of high-throughput sequencing technologies, RNA sequences of many unknown viruses have been discovered in bats and other animal species. Research on the pathogenic potential of these viruses is hampered by incomplete viral genome sequences and difficulties in isolating infectious virus from the animal hosts. One example of these potentially zoonotic pathogens is Lloviu virus (LLOV), a filovirus which is closely related to Ebola virus. Here we applied molecular virological approaches, including minigenome assays, to complement the incomplete LLOV genome ends with sequences from related viruses and identify cis-acting elements required for LLOV replication and transcription that were missing in the published LLOV sequence. The resulting full-length clones were used to generate infectious recombinant LLOV. We used this virus for electron microscopic analyses, infection studies in human cells, host response analysis, and antiviral drug testing. Our results provide new insights into the pathogenic potential of LLOV and delineate a roadmap for studying uncultured viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Hume
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AJH); (EM)
| | - Baylee Heiden
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Judith Olejnik
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ellen L. Suder
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephen Ross
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Whitney A. Scoon
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Esther Bullitt
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mitchell R. White
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jacquelyn Turcinovic
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tran T. N. Thao
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI); Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern; Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ryan M. Hekman
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph E. Kaserman
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jessie Huang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Konstantinos-Dionysios Alysandratos
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gabor E. Toth
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs; Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Jakab
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs; Pécs, Hungary
| | - Darrell N. Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew A. Wilson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew Emili
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI); Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern; Bern, Switzerland
| | - John H. Connor
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gabor Kemenesi
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs; Pécs, Hungary
| | - Daniel Cifuentes
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elke Mühlberger
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AJH); (EM)
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32
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Melnik LI, Guha S, Ghimire J, Smither AR, Beddingfield BJ, Hoffmann AR, Sun L, Ungerleider NA, Baddoo MC, Flemington EK, Gallaher WR, Wimley WC, Garry RF. Ebola virus delta peptide is an enterotoxin. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110172. [PMID: 34986351 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the 2013-2016 West African (WA) Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak, severe gastrointestinal symptoms were common in patients and associated with poor outcome. Delta peptide is a conserved product of post-translational processing of the abundant EBOV soluble glycoprotein (sGP). The murine ligated ileal loop model was used to demonstrate that delta peptide is a potent enterotoxin. Dramatic intestinal fluid accumulation follows injection of biologically relevant amounts of delta peptide into ileal loops, along with gross alteration of villous architecture and loss of goblet cells. Transcriptomic analyses show that delta peptide triggers damage response and cell survival pathways and downregulates expression of transporters and exchangers. Induction of diarrhea by delta peptide occurs via cellular damage and regulation of genes that encode proteins involved in fluid secretion. While distinct differences exist between the ileal loop murine model and EBOV infection in humans, these results suggest that delta peptide may contribute to EBOV-induced gastrointestinal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia I Melnik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Shantanu Guha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jenisha Ghimire
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Allison R Smither
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Brandon J Beddingfield
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Andrew R Hoffmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Leisheng Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | | | - Melody C Baddoo
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | | | - William R Gallaher
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Mockingbird Nature Research Group, Pearl River, LA 70452, USA
| | - William C Wimley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Robert F Garry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Zalgen Labs, Germantown, MD 20876, USA.
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33
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Koehler FC, Di Cristanziano V, Späth MR, Hoyer-Allo KJR, Wanken M, Müller RU, Burst V. OUP accepted manuscript. Clin Kidney J 2022; 15:1231-1252. [PMID: 35756741 PMCID: PMC9217627 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantavirus-induced diseases are emerging zoonoses with endemic appearances and frequent outbreaks in different parts of the world. In humans, hantaviral pathology is characterized by the disruption of the endothelial cell barrier followed by increased capillary permeability, thrombocytopenia due to platelet activation/depletion and an overactive immune response. Genetic vulnerability due to certain human leukocyte antigen haplotypes is associated with disease severity. Typically, two different hantavirus-caused clinical syndromes have been reported: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). The primarily affected vascular beds differ in these two entities: renal medullary capillaries in HFRS caused by Old World hantaviruses and pulmonary capillaries in HCPS caused by New World hantaviruses. Disease severity in HFRS ranges from mild, e.g. Puumala virus-associated nephropathia epidemica, to moderate, e.g. Hantaan or Dobrava virus infections. HCPS leads to a severe acute respiratory distress syndrome with high mortality rates. Due to novel insights into organ tropism, hantavirus-associated pathophysiology and overlapping clinical features, HFRS and HCPS are believed to be interconnected syndromes frequently involving the kidneys. As there are no specific antiviral treatments or vaccines approved in Europe or the USA, only preventive measures and public awareness may minimize the risk of hantavirus infection. Treatment remains primarily supportive and, depending on disease severity, more invasive measures (e.g., renal replacement therapy, mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix C Koehler
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Veronica Di Cristanziano
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin R Späth
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - K Johanna R Hoyer-Allo
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manuel Wanken
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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34
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Stone JR. Diseases of small and medium-sized blood vessels. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822224-9.00020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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35
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Clinicopathologic features among different viral epidemic outbreaks involving the skin. Clin Dermatol 2022; 40:573-585. [PMID: 36509508 PMCID: PMC8219845 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has exceeded any epidemiologic prevision, but increasing information suggests some analogies with the major viral outbreaks in the last century, and a general warning has been issued on the possibility that coinfections can make the differential diagnosis and treatment difficult, especially in tropical countries. Some reports have noted that the presence of high dengue antibodies can give a false-negative result when testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Mucocutaneous manifestations are very frequent, with an apparent overlap among different pathogens. However, strong clinicopathologic correlation might provide some clues to address differentials. Waiting for laboratory and instrumental results, the timing and distribution of skin lesions is often pathognomonic. Histopathologic findings characterize certain reaction patterns and provide insights on pathogenetic mechanisms. Unfortunately, skin assessment, especially invasive examinations such as biopsy, takes a back seat in severely ill patients. A literature retrieval was performed to collect information from other epidemics to counteract what has become the most frightening disease of our time.
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Key Words
- (covid-19), coronavirus 2019 disease
- (who), world health organization
- (sars), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- (sars-cov-2), novel coronavirus
- (mers), middle east respiratory syndrome
- (r0), basic reproductive number
- (mis), multisystem inflammatory syndrome
- (iga), immunoglobulin a
- (ace-2), angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2
- (dengv), dengue virus
- (ttp), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
- (vwf), von willebrand factor
- (cd1a), cluster of diffentiation 1-a
- (rt-pcr), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- (chikv), chikungunya virus
- (e1, e2), envelope glycoprotein
- (ifn-i), interferon-type-i
- (zikv), zika virus
- (ebov), ebola virus
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Khanolkar A. Elucidating T Cell and B Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Humans: Gaining Insights into Protective Immunity and Immunopathology. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010067. [PMID: 35011627 PMCID: PMC8750814 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is an unprecedented epochal event on at least two fronts. Firstly, in terms of the rapid spread and the magnitude of the outbreak, and secondly, on account of the equally swift response of the scientific community that has galvanized itself into action and has successfully developed, tested and deployed highly effective and novel vaccines in record time to combat the virus. The sophistication and diversification of the scientific toolbox we now have at our disposal has enabled us to interrogate both the breadth and the depth of the immune response to a degree that is unparalleled in recent memory. In terms of our understanding of what is critical to contain the virus and mitigate the effects the pandemic, neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 garner most of the attention, however, it is essential to recognize that it is the quality and the fitness of the virus-specific T cell and B cell response that lays the foundation and the backdrop for an effective neutralizing antibody response. In this report, we will review some of the key findings that have helped define and delineate some of the essential attributes of T and B cell responses in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaruni Khanolkar
- Department of Pathology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 82, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; ; Tel.: +1-312-227-8073
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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37
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Yamaoka S, Ebihara H. Pathogenicity and Virulence of Ebolaviruses with Species- and Variant-specificity. Virulence 2021; 12:885-901. [PMID: 33734027 PMCID: PMC7993122 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1898169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV), belonging to the species Zaire ebolavirus in the genus Ebolavirus, causes a severe febrile illness in humans with case fatality rates (CFRs) up to 90%. While there have been six virus species classified, which each have a single type virus in the genus Ebolavirus, CFRs of ebolavirus infections vary among viruses belonging to each distinct species. In this review, we aim to define the ebolavirus species-specific virulence on the basis of currently available laboratory and experimental findings. In addition, this review will also cover the variant-specific virulence of EBOV by referring to the unique biological and pathogenic characteristics of EBOV variant Makona, a new EBOV variant isolated from the 2013-2016 EBOV disease outbreak in West Africa. A better definition of species-specific and variant-specific virulence of ebolaviruses will facilitate our comprehensive knowledge on genus Ebolavirus biology, leading to the development of therapeutics against well-focused pathogenic mechanisms of each Ebola disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Yamaoka
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
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38
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Fakhri S, Mohammadi Pour P, Piri S, Farzaei MH, Echeverría J. Modulating Neurological Complications of Emerging Infectious Diseases: Mechanistic Approaches to Candidate Phytochemicals. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:742146. [PMID: 34764869 PMCID: PMC8576094 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.742146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing studies are revealing the critical manifestations of influenza, dengue virus (DENV) infection, Zika virus (ZIKV) disease, and Ebola virus disease (EVD) as emerging infectious diseases. However, their corresponding mechanisms of major complications headed for neuronal dysfunction are not entirely understood. From the mechanistic point of view, inflammatory/oxidative mediators are activated during emerging infectious diseases towards less cell migration, neurogenesis impairment, and neuronal death. Accordingly, the virus life cycle and associated enzymes, as well as host receptors, cytokine storm, and multiple signaling mediators, are the leading players of emerging infectious diseases. Consequently, chemokines, interleukins, interferons, carbohydrate molecules, toll-like receptors (TLRs), and tyrosine kinases are leading orchestrates of peripheral and central complications which are in near interconnections. Some of the resulting neuronal manifestations have attracted much attention, including inflammatory polyneuropathy, encephalopathy, meningitis, myelitis, stroke, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), radiculomyelitis, meningoencephalitis, memory loss, headaches, cranial nerve abnormalities, tremor, and seizure. The complex pathophysiological mechanism behind the aforementioned complications urges the need for finding multi-target agents with higher efficacy and lower side effects. In recent decades, the natural kingdom has been highlighted as promising neuroprotective natural products in modulating several dysregulated signaling pathways/mediators. The present study provides neuronal manifestations of some emerging infectious diseases and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Besides, a mechanistic-based strategy is developed to introduce candidate natural products as promising multi-target agents in combating major dysregulated pathways towards neuroprotection in influenza, DENV infection, ZIKV disease, and EVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Pardis Mohammadi Pour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sana Piri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Shieh WJ, Demby A, Jones T, Goldsmith CS, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Peters CJ, Zaki SR. Pathology and Pathogenesis of Lassa Fever: Novel Immunohistochemical Findings in Fatal Cases and Clinico-pathologic Correlation. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 74:1821-1830. [PMID: 34463715 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lassa fever is a zoonotic, acute viral illness first identified in Nigeria in 1969. An estimate shows that the "at risk" seronegative population (in Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Nigeria) may be as high as 59 million, with an annual incidence of all illnesses of three million, and fatalities up to 67,000, demonstrating the serious impact of the disease on the region and global health. METHODS Histopathologic evaluation, immunohistochemical assay, and electron microscopic examination were performed on postmortem tissue samples from 12 confirmed Lassa fever cases. RESULTS Lassa fever virus antigens and viral particles were observed in multiple organ systems and cells, including cells in the mononuclear phagocytic system and other specialized cells where it had not been described previously. CONCLUSIONS The immunolocalization of Lassa fever virus antigens in fatal cases provides novel insightful information with clinical and pathogenetic implications. The extensive involvement of the mononuclear phagocytic system, including tissue macrophages and endothelial cells suggests participation of inflammatory mediators from this lineage with the resulting vascular dilatation and increasing permeability. Other findings indicate the pathogenesis of LF is multifactorial and additional studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wun-Ju Shieh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,All the work described in this manuscript was done at CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Austin Demby
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone.,All the work described in this manuscript was done at CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tara Jones
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogen and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cynthia S Goldsmith
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogen and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Pierre E Rollin
- All the work described in this manuscript was done at CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Thomas G Ksiazek
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, Galveston National Laboratory University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,All the work described in this manuscript was done at CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Clarence J Peters
- All the work described in this manuscript was done at CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sherif R Zaki
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogen and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Gamon E, Tammena D, Wattenberg M, Augenstein T. [Rare superinfection in a COVID-19 patient-A chronology]. Anaesthesist 2021; 71:38-49. [PMID: 34427689 PMCID: PMC8383027 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-021-01018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bei einem 55-jährigen Mann, der sich zur elektiven Ablation bei Vorhofflimmern in der Klinik befand, wurde nach einer Reanimationssituation auf der peripheren Station ein SARS-CoV-2-Abstrich positiv getestet. Anamnestisch gab es im Vorwege gesicherten Kontakt zu einem COVID-19-positiven Patienten. Im Verlauf entwickelte sich das Vollbild einer COVID-19-Pneumonie mit umfangreicher intensivmedizinischer Behandlung. Nach rund 2‑wöchiger Therapie musste das Weaning bei erneuter Verschlechterung abgebrochen werden, und es ergaben sich bei dem wiederholt hochseptischen Patienten mikrobiologische Nachweise einer Superinfektion mit Cryptococcus neoformans und später Leclercia adecarboxylata. Der Patient wurde erfolgreich behandelt und überlebte die Erkrankung.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gamon
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin, Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Deutschland.
| | - D Tammena
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin, Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Deutschland
| | - M Wattenberg
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin, Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Deutschland
| | - T Augenstein
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin, Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Deutschland
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41
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Lee-Cruz L, Lenormand M, Cappelle J, Caron A, De Nys H, Peeters M, Bourgarel M, Roger F, Tran A. Mapping of Ebola virus spillover: Suitability and seasonal variability at the landscape scale. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009683. [PMID: 34424896 PMCID: PMC8425568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The unexpected Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa in 2014 involving the Zaire ebolavirus made clear that other regions outside Central Africa, its previously documented niche, were at risk of future epidemics. The complex transmission cycle and a lack of epidemiological data make mapping areas at risk of the disease challenging. We used a Geographic Information System-based multicriteria evaluation (GIS-MCE), a knowledge-based approach, to identify areas suitable for Ebola virus spillover to humans in regions of Guinea, Congo and Gabon where Ebola viruses already emerged. We identified environmental, climatic and anthropogenic risk factors and potential hosts from a literature review. Geographical data layers, representing risk factors, were combined to produce suitability maps of Ebola virus spillover at the landscape scale. Our maps show high spatial and temporal variability in the suitability for Ebola virus spillover at a fine regional scale. Reported spillover events fell in areas of intermediate to high suitability in our maps, and a sensitivity analysis showed that the maps produced were robust. There are still important gaps in our knowledge about what factors are associated with the risk of Ebola virus spillover. As more information becomes available, maps produced using the GIS-MCE approach can be easily updated to improve surveillance and the prevention of future outbreaks. Ebola virus disease is a highly pathogenic disease transmitted from wildlife to humans. It was first described in 1976 and its distribution remained restricted to Central Africa until 2014, when an outbreak in West Africa, causing more than 28,000 cases and more than 11,000 deaths, took place. Anthropogenic factors, such as bushmeat hunting, trade and consumption, and environmental and climatic factors, may promote the contact between humans and infected animals, such as bats, primates and duikers, increasing the risk of virus transmission to the human population. In this study, we used the spatial multicriteria evaluation framework to gather all available information on risk factors and animal species susceptible to infection, and produce maps of areas suitable for Ebola virus spillover in regions in Guinea, Congo and Gabon. The resulting maps highlighted high spatial and temporal variability in the suitability for Ebola virus spillover. Data from reported cases of Ebola virus transmission from wild animals to humans were used to validate the maps. The approach developed is capable of integrating a wide diversity of risk factors, and provides a flexible and simple tool for surveillance, which can be updated as more data and knowledge on risk factors become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Lee-Cruz
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR TETIS, Montpellier, France
- TETIS, Univ Montpellier, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Maxime Lenormand
- TETIS, Univ Montpellier, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Cappelle
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Caron
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- Faculdade Veterinaria, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Hélène De Nys
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Martine Peeters
- TransVIHMI, IRD, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Bourgarel
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - François Roger
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Annelise Tran
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR TETIS, Montpellier, France
- TETIS, Univ Montpellier, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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42
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Ebola virus requires phosphatidylserine scrambling activity for efficient budding and optimal infectivity. J Virol 2021; 95:e0116521. [PMID: 34319156 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01165-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) attaches to target cells using two categories of cell surface receptors, C-type lectins and phosphatidylserine (PS) receptors. PS receptors typically bind to apoptotic cell membrane PS and orchestrate the uptake and clearance of apoptotic debris. Many enveloped viruses also contain exposed PS and can therefore exploit these receptors for cell entry. Viral infection can induce PS externalization in host cells, resulting in increased outer PS levels on budding virions. Scramblase enzymes carry out cellular PS externalization, thus, we targeted these proteins in order to manipulate viral envelope PS levels. We investigated two scramblases previously identified to be involved in EBOV PS levels, transmembrane protein 16F and Xk-related protein 8 (XKR8), as possible mediators of cellular and viral envelope surface PS levels during the replication of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus containing its native glycoprotein (rVSV/G) or the EBOV glycoprotein (rVSV/EBOV-GP). We found that rVSV/G and rVSV/EBOV-GP virions produced in XKR8 knockout cells contain decreased levels of PS on their surfaces, and the PS-deficient rVSV/EBOV-GP virions are 70% less efficient at infecting cells through PS receptors. We also observed reduced rVSV and EBOV virus-like particle (VLP) budding in ΔXKR8 cells. Deleting XKR8 in HAP1 cells reduced rVSV/G and rVSV/EBOV-GP budding by 60% and 65% respectively, and reduced Ebola VLP budding more than 60%. We further demonstrated that caspase cleavage of XKR8 is required to promote budding. This suggests that XKR8, in addition to mediating virion PS levels, may also be critical for enveloped virus budding at the plasma membrane. Importance Within the last decade, countries in western and central Africa have experienced the most widespread and deadly Ebola outbreaks since the virus was identified in 1976. While outbreaks are primarily attributed to zoonotic transfer events, new evidence is emerging that outbreaks may be caused by a combination of spillover events and viral latency or persistence in survivors. The possibility that Ebola can remain dormant then re-emerge in survivors highlights the critical need to prevent the virus from entering and establishing infection in human cells. Thus far, host-cell scramblases TMEM16F and XKR8 have been implicated in Ebola envelope surface phosphatidylserine (PS) and cell entry using PS receptors. We assessed the contributions of these proteins using CRISPR knockout cells and two EBOV models: rVSV/EBOV-GP and EBOV VLPs. We observed that XKR8 is required for optimal EBOV envelope PS levels and infectivity, and particle budding across all viral models.
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Escaffre O, Juelich TL, Neef N, Massey S, Smith J, Brasel T, Smith JK, Kalveram B, Zhang L, Perez D, Ikegami T, Freiberg AN, Comer JE. STAT-1 Knockout Mice as a Model for Wild-Type Sudan Virus (SUDV). Viruses 2021; 13:v13071388. [PMID: 34372594 PMCID: PMC8310124 DOI: 10.3390/v13071388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently there is no FDA-licensed vaccine or therapeutic against Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV) infections. The largest ever reported 2014–2016 West Africa outbreak, as well as the 2021 outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo, highlight the critical need for countermeasures against filovirus infections. A well-characterized small animal model that is susceptible to wild-type filoviruses would greatly add to the screening of antivirals and vaccines. Here, we infected signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 knock out (STAT-1 KO) mice with five different wildtype filoviruses to determine susceptibility. SUDV and Marburg virus (MARV) were the most virulent, and caused 100% or 80% lethality, respectively. Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV), Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BDBV), and Taï Forest ebolavirus (TAFV) caused 40%, 20%, and no mortality, respectively. Further characterization of SUDV in STAT-1 KO mice demonstrated lethality down to 3.1 × 101 pfu. Viral genomic material was detectable in serum as early as 1 to 2 days post-challenge. The onset of viremia was closely followed by significant changes in total white blood cells and proportion of neutrophils and lymphocytes, as well as by an influx of neutrophils in the liver and spleen. Concomitant significant fluctuations in blood glucose, albumin, globulin, and alanine aminotransferase were also noted, altogether consistent with other models of filovirus infection. Finally, favipiravir treatment fully protected STAT-1 KO mice from lethal SUDV challenge, suggesting that this may be an appropriate small animal model to screen anti-SUDV countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Escaffre
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (O.E.); (T.L.J.); (J.K.S.); (B.K.); (L.Z.); (T.I.)
| | - Terry L. Juelich
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (O.E.); (T.L.J.); (J.K.S.); (B.K.); (L.Z.); (T.I.)
| | - Natasha Neef
- XTR Toxicologic Pathology Services LLC, Sterling, VA 20165, USA;
| | - Shane Massey
- Office of Regulated Nonclinical Studies, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.M.); (J.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Jeanon Smith
- Office of Regulated Nonclinical Studies, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.M.); (J.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Trevor Brasel
- Office of Regulated Nonclinical Studies, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.M.); (J.S.); (T.B.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- The Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (O.E.); (T.L.J.); (J.K.S.); (B.K.); (L.Z.); (T.I.)
| | - Birte Kalveram
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (O.E.); (T.L.J.); (J.K.S.); (B.K.); (L.Z.); (T.I.)
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (O.E.); (T.L.J.); (J.K.S.); (B.K.); (L.Z.); (T.I.)
| | - David Perez
- Texas A&M University Division of Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Tetsuro Ikegami
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (O.E.); (T.L.J.); (J.K.S.); (B.K.); (L.Z.); (T.I.)
- The Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alexander N. Freiberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (O.E.); (T.L.J.); (J.K.S.); (B.K.); (L.Z.); (T.I.)
- The Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Correspondence: (A.N.F.); (J.E.C.)
| | - Jason E. Comer
- Office of Regulated Nonclinical Studies, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.M.); (J.S.); (T.B.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- The Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Institute of Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Correspondence: (A.N.F.); (J.E.C.)
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Duarte-Neto AN, Teixeira TA, Caldini EG, Kanamura CT, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Dos Santos ABG, Monteiro RAA, Pinho JRR, Mauad T, da Silva LFF, Saldiva PHN, Dolhnikoff M, Leite KRM, Hallak J. Testicular pathology in fatal COVID-19: A descriptive autopsy study. Andrology 2021; 10:13-23. [PMID: 34196475 PMCID: PMC8444746 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-organ damage is a common feature of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, going beyond the initially observed severe pneumonia. Evidence that the testis is also compromised is growing. OBJECTIVE To describe the pathological findings in testes from fatal cases of COVID-19, including the detection of viral particles and antigens, and inflammatory cell subsets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Postmortem testicular samples were obtained by percutaneous puncture from 11 deceased men and examined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for RNA detection and by light and electron microscopy (EM) for SARS-CoV-2. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the SARS-CoV-2 N-protein and lymphocytic and histiocytic markers was also performed. RESULTS Eight patients had mild interstitial orchitis, composed mainly of CD68+ and TCD8+ cells. Fibrin thrombi were detected in five cases. All cases presented congestion, interstitial edema, thickening of the tubular basal membrane, decreased Leydig and Sertoli cells with reduced spermatogenesis, and strong expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) in vessels. IHC detected SARS-Cov-2 antigen in Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, and fibroblasts in all cases. EM detected viral particles in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts, endothelium, Sertoli and Leydig cells, spermatids, and epithelial cells of the rete testis in four cases, while RT-PCR detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in three cases. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The COVID-19-associated testicular lesion revealed a combination of orchitis, vascular changes, basal membrane thickening, Leydig and Sertoli cell scarcity, and reduced spermatogenesis associated with SARS-CoV-2 local infection that may impair hormonal function and fertility in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaro N Duarte-Neto
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago A Teixeira
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Disciplina de Urologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elia G Caldini
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Michele S Gomes-Gouvêa
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia (LIM-07), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela B G Dos Santos
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata A A Monteiro
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João R R Pinho
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia (LIM-07), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz F F da Silva
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos da Capital, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo H N Saldiva
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Dolhnikoff
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katia R M Leite
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Disciplina de Urologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Hallak
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Cirurgia, Disciplina de Urologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hansen F, Feldmann H, Jarvis MA. Targeting Ebola virus replication through pharmaceutical intervention. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:201-226. [PMID: 33593215 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1881061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. The consistent emergence/reemergence of filoviruses into a world that previously lacked an approved pharmaceutical intervention parallels an experience repeatedly played-out for most other emerging pathogenic zoonotic viruses. Investment to preemptively develop effective and low-cost prophylactic and therapeutic interventions against viruses that have high potential for emergence and societal impact should be a priority.Areas covered. Candidate drugs can be characterized into those that interfere with cellular processes required for Ebola virus (EBOV) replication (host-directed), and those that directly target virally encoded functions (direct-acting). We discuss strategies to identify pharmaceutical interventions for EBOV infections. PubMed/Web of Science databases were searched to establish a detailed catalog of these interventions.Expert opinion. Many drug candidates show promising in vitro inhibitory activity, but experience with EBOV shows the general lack of translation to in vivo efficacy for host-directed repurposed drugs. Better translation is seen for direct-acting antivirals, in particular monoclonal antibodies. The FDA-approved monoclonal antibody treatment, Inmazeb™ is a success story that could be improved in terms of impact on EBOV-associated disease and mortality, possibly by combination with other direct-acting agents targeting distinct aspects of the viral replication cycle. Costs need to be addressed given EBOV emergence primarily in under-resourced countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Hansen
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Michael A Jarvis
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, UK.,The Vaccine Group, Ltd, Plymouth, Devon, UK
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Diallo I, Ho J, Laffont B, Laugier J, Benmoussa A, Lambert M, Husseini Z, Soule G, Kozak R, Kobinger GP, Provost P. Altered microRNA Transcriptome in Cultured Human Liver Cells upon Infection with Ebola Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073792. [PMID: 33917562 PMCID: PMC8038836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) is a virulent pathogen, notorious for inducing life-threatening hemorrhagic fever, that has been responsible for several outbreaks in Africa and remains a public health threat. Yet, its pathogenesis is still not completely understood. Although there have been numerous studies on host transcriptional response to EBOV, with an emphasis on the clinical features, the impact of EBOV infection on post-transcriptional regulatory elements, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), remains largely unexplored. MiRNAs are involved in inflammation and immunity and are believed to be important modulators of the host response to viral infection. Here, we have used small RNA sequencing (sRNA-Seq), qPCR and functional analyses to obtain the first comparative miRNA transcriptome (miRNome) of a human liver cell line (Huh7) infected with one of the following three EBOV strains: Mayinga (responsible for the first Zaire outbreak in 1976), Makona (responsible for the West Africa outbreak in 2013–2016) and the epizootic Reston (presumably innocuous to humans). Our results highlight specific miRNA-based immunity pathways and substantial differences between the strains beyond their clinical manifestation and pathogenicity. These analyses shed new light into the molecular signature of liver cells upon EBOV infection and reveal new insights into miRNA-based virus attack and host defense strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idrissa Diallo
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (I.D.); (J.H.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (A.B.); (M.L.); (Z.H.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Jeffrey Ho
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (I.D.); (J.H.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (A.B.); (M.L.); (Z.H.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Benoit Laffont
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (I.D.); (J.H.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (A.B.); (M.L.); (Z.H.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Jonathan Laugier
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (I.D.); (J.H.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (A.B.); (M.L.); (Z.H.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Abderrahim Benmoussa
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (I.D.); (J.H.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (A.B.); (M.L.); (Z.H.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Marine Lambert
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (I.D.); (J.H.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (A.B.); (M.L.); (Z.H.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Zeinab Husseini
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (I.D.); (J.H.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (A.B.); (M.L.); (Z.H.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Geoff Soule
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3B 3M9, Canada; (G.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Robert Kozak
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3B 3M9, Canada; (G.S.); (R.K.)
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Gary P. Kobinger
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (I.D.); (J.H.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (A.B.); (M.L.); (Z.H.); (G.P.K.)
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3B 3M9, Canada; (G.S.); (R.K.)
- Département de Microbiologie Médicale, Université du Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Patrick Provost
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (I.D.); (J.H.); (B.L.); (J.L.); (A.B.); (M.L.); (Z.H.); (G.P.K.)
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, 2705 Blvd Laurier, Room T1-65, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-525-4444 (ext. 48842)
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Liu DX, Perry DL, Cooper TK, Huzella LM, Hart RJ, Hischak AMW, Bernbaum JG, Hensley LE, Bennett RS. Peripheral Neuronopathy Associated With Ebola Virus Infection in Rhesus Macaques: A Possible Cause of Neurological Signs and Symptoms in Human Ebola Patients. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:1745-1755. [PMID: 32498080 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological signs and symptoms are the most common complications of Ebola virus disease. However, the mechanisms underlying the neurologic manifestations in Ebola patients are not known. In this study, peripheral ganglia were collected from 12 rhesus macaques that succumbed to Ebola virus (EBOV) disease from 5 to 8 days post exposure. Ganglionitis, characterized by neuronal degeneration, necrosis, and mononuclear leukocyte infiltrates, was observed in the dorsal root, autonomic, and enteric ganglia. By immunohistochemistry, RNAscope in situ hybridization, transmission electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy, we confirmed that CD68+ macrophages are the target cells for EBOV in affected ganglia. Further, we demonstrated that EBOV can induce satellite cell and neuronal apoptosis and microglial activation in infected ganglia. Our results demonstrate that EBOV can infect peripheral ganglia and results in ganglionopathy in rhesus macaques, which may contribute to the neurological signs and symptoms observed in acute and convalescent Ebola virus disease in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David X Liu
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Donna L Perry
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy K Cooper
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Louis M Huzella
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Randy J Hart
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda M W Hischak
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - John G Bernbaum
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa E Hensley
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard S Bennett
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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48
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Pervin T, Oany AR. Vaccinomics approach for scheming potential epitope-based peptide vaccine by targeting l-protein of Marburg virus. In Silico Pharmacol 2021; 9:21. [PMID: 33717824 PMCID: PMC7936589 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-021-00080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Marburg virus is one of the world’s most threatening diseases, causing extreme hemorrhagic fever, with a death rate of up to 90%. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) currently not authorized any treatments or vaccinations for the hindrance and post-exposure of the Marburg virus. In the present study, the vaccinomics methodology was adopted to design a potential novel peptide vaccine against the Marburg virus, targeting RNA-directed RNA polymerase (l). A total of 48 l-proteins from diverse variants of the Marburg virus were collected from the NCBI GenBank server and used to classify the best antigenic protein leading to predict equally T and B-cell epitopes. Initially, the top 26 epitopes were evaluated for the attraction with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II alleles. Finally, four prospective central epitopes NLSDLTFLI, FRYEFTRHF, YRLRNSTAL, and YRVRNVQTL were carefully chosen. Among these, FRYEFTRHF and YRVRNVQTL peptides showed 100% conservancy. Though YRLRNSTAL showed 95.74% conservancy, it demonstrated the highest combined score as T cell epitope (2.5461) and population coverage of 94.42% among the whole world population. The epitope was found non-allergenic, and docking interactions with human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) also verified. Finally, in vivo analysis of the recommended peptides might contribute to the advancement of an efficient and exclusively prevalent vaccine that would be an active route to impede the virus spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmina Pervin
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208 Bangladesh
| | - Arafat Rahman Oany
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902 Bangladesh.,Aristopharma Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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49
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Fosse JH, Haraldsen G, Falk K, Edelmann R. Endothelial Cells in Emerging Viral Infections. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:619690. [PMID: 33718448 PMCID: PMC7943456 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.619690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several reasons to consider the role of endothelial cells in COVID-19 and other emerging viral infections. First, severe cases of COVID-19 show a common breakdown of central vascular functions. Second, SARS-CoV-2 replicates in endothelial cells. Third, prior deterioration of vascular function exacerbates disease, as the most common comorbidities of COVID-19 (obesity, hypertension, and diabetes) are all associated with endothelial dysfunction. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2's ability to infect endothelium is shared by many emerging viruses, including henipaviruses, hantavirus, and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, all specifically targeting endothelial cells. The ability to infect endothelium appears to support generalised dissemination of infection and facilitate the access to certain tissues. The disturbed vascular function observed in severe COVID-19 is also a prominent feature of many other life-threatening viral diseases, underscoring the need to understand how viruses modulate endothelial function. We here review the role of vascular endothelial cells in emerging viral infections, starting with a summary of endothelial cells as key mediators and regulators of vascular and immune responses in health and infection. Next, we discuss endotheliotropism as a possible virulence factor and detail features that regulate viruses' ability to attach to and enter endothelial cells. We move on to review how endothelial cells detect invading viruses and respond to infection, with particular focus on pathways that may influence vascular function and the host immune system. Finally, we discuss how endothelial cell function can be dysregulated in viral disease, either by viral components or as bystander victims of overshooting or detrimental inflammatory and immune responses. Many aspects of how viruses interact with the endothelium remain poorly understood. Considering the diversity of such mechanisms among different emerging viruses allows us to highlight common features that may be of general validity and point out important challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guttorm Haraldsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pathology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Falk
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.,AquaMed Consulting AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reidunn Edelmann
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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50
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Teixeira TA, Oliveira YC, Bernardes FS, Kallas EG, Duarte-Neto AN, Esteves SC, Drevet JR, Hallak J. Viral infections and implications for male reproductive health. Asian J Androl 2021; 23:335-347. [PMID: 33473014 PMCID: PMC8269834 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_82_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections have haunted humankind since times immemorial. Overpopulation, globalization, and extensive deforestation have created an ideal environment for a viral spread with unknown and multiple shedding routes. Many viruses can infect the male reproductive tract, with potential adverse consequences to male reproductive health, including infertility and cancer. Moreover, some genital tract viral infections can be sexually transmitted, potentially impacting the resulting offspring's health. We have summarized the evidence concerning the presence and adverse effects of the relevant viruses on the reproductive tract (mumps virus, human immunodeficiency virus, herpes virus, human papillomavirus, hepatitis B and C viruses, Ebola virus, Zika virus, influenza virus, and coronaviruses), their routes of infection, target organs and cells, prevalence and pattern of virus shedding in semen, as well as diagnosis/testing and treatment strategies. The pathophysiological understanding in the male genital tract is essential to assess its clinical impact on male reproductive health and guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago A Teixeira
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Research Andrology Laboratory, São Paulo 04534-011, SP, Brazil.,Division of Urology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil.,Men's Health Study Group, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, SP, Brazil.,Division of Urology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Amapa, Macapa 68903-419, AP, Brazil
| | - Yasmin C Oliveira
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Research Andrology Laboratory, São Paulo 04534-011, SP, Brazil.,Division of Urology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Amapa, Macapa 68903-419, AP, Brazil
| | - Felipe S Bernardes
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Research Andrology Laboratory, São Paulo 04534-011, SP, Brazil.,Division of Urology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil.,Men's Health Study Group, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Esper G Kallas
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Amaro N Duarte-Neto
- BIAS - Brazilian Image Autopsy Study Group, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandro C Esteves
- ANDROFERT, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, Campinas 13075-460, SP, Brazil.,Department of Surgery (Division of Urology), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-968, SP, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Joël R Drevet
- GReD Institute, CNRS-INSERM-Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculty of Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Jorge Hallak
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Research Andrology Laboratory, São Paulo 04534-011, SP, Brazil.,Division of Urology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil.,Men's Health Study Group, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, SP, Brazil.,Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
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