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Bhattacharya A, Parlanti P, Cavallo L, Farrow E, Spivey T, Renieri A, Mari F, Manzini MC. A novel framework for functional annotation of variants of uncertain significance in ID/ASD risk gene CC2D1A. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:1229-1240. [PMID: 38652285 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are genetically heterogeneous with hundreds of identified risk genes, most affecting only a few patients. Novel missense variants in these genes are being discovered as clinical exome sequencing is now routinely integrated into diagnosis, yet most of them are annotated as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). VUSs are a major roadblock in using patient genetics to inform clinical action. We developed a framework to characterize VUSs in Coiled-coil and C2 domain containing 1A (CC2D1A), a gene causing autosomal recessive ID with comorbid ASD in 40% of cases. We analyzed seven VUSs (p.Pro319Leu, p.Ser327Leu, p.Gly441Val, p.Val449Met, p.Thr580Ile, p.Arg886His and p.Glu910Lys) from four cases of individuals with ID and ASD. Variants were cloned and overexpressed in HEK293 individually and in their respective heterozygous combination. CC2D1A is a signaling scaffold that positively regulates PKA-CREB signaling by repressing phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) to prevent cAMP degradation. After testing multiple parameters including direct interaction between PDE4D and CC2D1A, cAMP levels and CREB activation, we found that the most sensitive readout was CREB transcriptional activity using a luciferase assay. Compared to WT CC2D1A, five VUSs (p.Pro319Leu, p.Gly441Val, p.Val449Met, p.Thr580Ile, and p.Arg886His) led to significantly blunted response to forskolin induced CREB activation. This luciferase assay approach can be scaled up to annotate ~150 CC2D1A VUSs that are currently listed in ClinVar. Since CREB activation is a common denominator for multiple ASD/ID genes, our paradigm can also be adapted for their VUSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Bhattacharya
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 89 French Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Paola Parlanti
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 89 French Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Luca Cavallo
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 89 French Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Edward Farrow
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2121 I St NW, Washington, DC 20052, United States
| | - Tyler Spivey
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2121 I St NW, Washington, DC 20052, United States
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Mari
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M Chiara Manzini
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 89 French Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
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2
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Ohkubo YZ, Radulovic PW, Kahira AN, Madsen JJ. Membrane binding and lipid-protein interaction of the C2 domain from coagulation factor V. Curr Res Struct Biol 2024; 7:100149. [PMID: 38766652 PMCID: PMC11098723 DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2024.100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Anchoring of coagulation factors to anionic regions of the membrane involves the C2 domain as a key player. The rate of enzymatic reactions of the coagulation factors is increased by several orders of magnitude upon membrane binding. However, the precise mechanisms behind the rate acceleration remain unclear, primarily because of a lack of understanding of the conformational dynamics of the C2-containing factors and corresponding complexes. We elucidate the membrane-bound form of the C2 domain from human coagulation factor V (FV-C2) by characterizing its membrane binding the specific lipid-protein interactions. Employing all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and leveraging the highly mobile membrane-mimetic (HMMM) model, we observed spontaneous binding of FV-C2 to a phosphatidylserine (PS)-containing membrane within 2-25 ns across twelve independent simulations. FV-C2 interacted with the membrane through three loops (spikes 1-3), achieving a converged, stable orientation. Multiple HMMM trajectories of the spontaneous membrane binding provided extensive sampling and ample data to examine the membrane-induced effects on the conformational dynamics of C2 as well as specific lipid-protein interactions. Despite existing crystal structures representing presumed "open" and "closed" states of FV-C2, our results revealed a continuous distribution of structures between these states, with the most populated structures differing from both "open" and "closed" states observed in crystal environments. Lastly, we characterized a putative PS-specific binding site formed by K23, Q48, and S78 located in the groove enclosed by spikes 1-3 (PS-specificity pocket), suggesting a different orientation of a bound headgroup moiety compared to previous proposals based upon analysis of static crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Zenmei Ohkubo
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Peter W. Radulovic
- Graduate Programs, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Albert N. Kahira
- Graduate Programs, School of Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Jesper J. Madsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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3
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Maguire S, Scheibe C, Eisgruber T, Mosesso N, Isono E, Hauser K. Membrane-specific and calcium-dependent binding of the Arabidopsis C2 domain protein CaLB revealed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 307:123629. [PMID: 37995652 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
C2 domain-containing proteins bind to cellular membranes and mediate diverse cellular processes. Although many of these membrane-interacting proteins have been identified, the molecular mechanisms of protein-membrane interactions and conformational dynamics are often poorly understood and remain to be investigated with appropriate methods. Here, we used attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and biomimetic membrane systems to analyse CalB, a yet uncharacterized Arabidopsis C2 domain protein. We studied membrane binding, lipid specificity and calcium dependency with solid-supported lipid membranes (SSLB) and small unilamellar lipid vesicles (SUVs). Membranes were composed of pure POPC lipids or of POPC/PI(3)P lipid mixtures. A significantly increased protein binding affinity was observed with membranes containing 1% PI(3)P indicating the high binding specificity of CaLB for PI(3)P. Furthermore, membrane binding occurs in a calcium-dependent manner with a higher calcium concentration increasing the binding of CaLB to the POPC/PI(3)P membrane. Secondary structure analysis of IR-spectra reveals that only minor conformational changes take place upon binding with a slight increase in the helical and disordered regions of CaLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Maguire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christian Scheibe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Terese Eisgruber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Niccolò Mosesso
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Erika Isono
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karin Hauser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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Wang Y, Wu Z, Wang C, Wu N, Wang C, Hu S, Shi J. The role of WWP1 and WWP2 in bone/cartilage development and diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-023-04917-7. [PMID: 38252355 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04917-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Bone and cartilage diseases are often associated with trauma and senescence, manifested as pain and limited mobility. The repair of bone and cartilage lesion by mesenchymal stem cells is regulated by various transcription factors. WW domain-containing protein 1 (WWP1) and WW domain-containing protein 2 (WWP2) are named for WW domain which recognizes PPXY (phono Ser Pro and Pro Arg) motifs of substrate. WWP1and WWP2 are prominent components of the homologous to the E6-AP carboxyl terminus (HECT) subfamily, a group of the ubiquitin ligase. Recently, some studies have found that WWP1 and WWP2 play an important role in the pathogenesis of bone and cartilage diseases and regulate the level and the transactivation of various transcription factors through ubiquitination. Therefore, this review summarizes the distribution and effects of WWP1 and WWP2 in the development of bone and cartilage, discusses the potential mechanism and therapeutic drugs in bone and cartilage diseases such as osteoarthritis, fracture, and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Zuping Wu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Cunyi Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Na Wu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Shiyu Hu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Jiejun Shi
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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5
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Deurloo MHS, Eide S, Turlova E, Li Q, Spijker S, Sun HS, Groffen AJA, Feng ZP. Rasal1 regulates calcium dependent neuronal maturation by modifying microtubule dynamics. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:13. [PMID: 38246997 PMCID: PMC10800070 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01193-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rasal1 is a Ras GTPase-activating protein which contains C2 domains necessary for dynamic membrane association following intracellular calcium elevation. Membrane-bound Rasal1 inactivates Ras signaling through its RasGAP activity, and through such mechanisms has been implicated in regulating various cellular functions in the context of tumors. Although highly expressed in the brain, the contribution of Rasal1 to neuronal development and function has yet to be explored. RESULTS We examined the contributions of Rasal1 to neuronal development in primary culture of hippocampal neurons through modulation of Rasal1 expression using molecular tools. Fixed and live cell imaging demonstrate diffuse expression of Rasal1 throughout the cell soma, dendrites and axon which localizes to the neuronal plasma membrane in response to intracellular calcium fluctuation. Pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation demonstrate direct interaction of Rasal1 with PKC, tubulin, and CaMKII. Consequently, Rasal1 is found to stabilize microtubules, through post-translational modification of tubulin, and accordingly inhibit dendritic outgrowth and branching. Through imaging, molecular, and electrophysiological techniques Rasal1 is shown to promote NMDA-mediated synaptic activity and CaMKII phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Rasal1 functions in two separate roles in neuronal development; calcium regulated neurite outgrowth and the promotion of NMDA receptor-mediated postsynaptic events which may be mediated both by interaction with direct binding partners or calcium-dependent regulation of down-stream pathways. Importantly, the outlined molecular mechanisms of Rasal1 may contribute notably to normal neuronal development and synapse formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H S Deurloo
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Eide
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - E Turlova
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Q Li
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Spijker
- Department Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Neurogenomics and Cognition Research, VU University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H-S Sun
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A J A Groffen
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognition Research, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Z-P Feng
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Wang Y, Wakelam MJO, Bankaitis VA, McDermott MI. The wide world of non-mammalian phospholipase D enzymes. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 91:101000. [PMID: 38081756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.101000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyses phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) to produce free choline and the critically important lipid signaling molecule phosphatidic acid (PtdOH). Since the initial discovery of PLD activities in plants and bacteria, PLDs have been identified in a diverse range of organisms spanning the taxa. While widespread interest in these proteins grew following the discovery of mammalian isoforms, research into the PLDs of non-mammalian organisms has revealed a fascinating array of functions ranging from roles in microbial pathogenesis, to the stress responses of plants and the developmental patterning of flies. Furthermore, studies in non-mammalian model systems have aided our understanding of the entire PLD superfamily, with translational relevance to human biology and health. Increasingly, the promise for utilization of non-mammalian PLDs in biotechnology is also being recognized, with widespread potential applications ranging from roles in lipid synthesis, to their exploitation for agricultural and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98109, USA
| | - M J O Wakelam
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - V A Bankaitis
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - M I McDermott
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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7
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Chon NL, Tran S, Miller CS, Lin H, Knight JD. A conserved electrostatic membrane-binding surface in synaptotagmin-like proteins revealed using molecular phylogenetic analysis and homology modeling. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4850. [PMID: 38038838 PMCID: PMC10731544 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein structure prediction has emerged as a core technology for understanding biomolecules and their interactions. Here, we combine homology-based structure prediction with molecular phylogenetic analysis to study the evolution of electrostatic membrane binding among the vertebrate synaptotagmin-like protein (Slp) family. Slp family proteins play key roles in the membrane trafficking of large dense-core secretory vesicles. Our previous experimental and computational study found that the C2A domain of Slp-4 (also called granuphilin) binds with high affinity to anionic phospholipids in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane through a large positively charged protein surface centered on a cluster of phosphoinositide-binding lysine residues. Because this surface contributes greatly to Slp-4 C2A domain membrane binding, we hypothesized that the net charge on the surface might be evolutionarily conserved. To test this hypothesis, the known C2A sequences of Slp-4 among vertebrates were organized by class (from mammalia to pisces) using molecular phylogenetic analysis. Consensus sequences for each class were then identified and used to generate homology structures, from which Poisson-Boltzmann electrostatic potentials were calculated. For comparison, homology structures and electrostatic potentials were also calculated for the five human Slp protein family members. The results demonstrate that the charge on the membrane-binding surface is highly conserved throughout the evolution of Slp-4, and more highly conserved than many individual residues among the human Slp family paralogs. Such molecular phylogenetic-driven computational analysis can help to describe the evolution of electrostatic interactions between proteins and membranes which are crucial for their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara L. Chon
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Colorado DenverDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Sherleen Tran
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Colorado DenverDenverColoradoUSA
| | | | - Hai Lin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Colorado DenverDenverColoradoUSA
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8
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Hamshaw I, Ellahouny Y, Malusickis A, Newman L, Ortiz-Jacobs D, Mueller A. The role of PKC and PKD in CXCL12 and CXCL13 directed malignant melanoma and acute monocytic leukemic cancer cell migration. Cell Signal 2024; 113:110966. [PMID: 37949381 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the leading cause of cancer related mortality. Chemokine receptors and proteins in their downstream signalling axis represent desirable therapeutic targets for the prevention of metastasis. Despite this, current therapeutics have experienced limited success in clinical trials due to a lack of insight into the downstream signalling pathway of specific chemokine receptor cascades in different tumours. In this study, we investigated the role of protein kinase C (PKC) and protein kinase D (PKD) in CXCL12 and CXCL13 stimulated SK-MEL-28 (malignant melanoma) and THP-1 (acute monocytic leukaemia) cell migration. While PKC and PKD had no active role in CXCL12 or CXCL13 stimulated THP-1 cell migration, PKC and PKD inhibition reduced CXCL12 stimulated migration and caused profound effects upon the cytoskeleton of SK-MEL-28 cells. Furthermore, only PKC and not PKD inhibition reduced CXCL13 stimulated migration in SK-MEL-28 cells however PKC inhibition failed to stimulate any changes to the actin cytoskeleton. These findings indicate that PKC inhibitors would be a useful therapeutic for the prevention of both CXCL12 and CXCL13 stimulated migration and PKD inhibitors for CXCL12 stimulated migration in malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Hamshaw
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | - Artur Malusickis
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Lia Newman
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | - Anja Mueller
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
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Lou YX, Gu J, Zhu L, Sun SQ, Hao XL, Chen JP, Han F, Wang DD, Jiang X, Liu JY. TC2N Promotes Cell Proliferation and Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Targeting the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100260. [PMID: 37839635 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most prevalent types of cancer worldwide, has an exceedingly poor prognosis. Tandem C2 domain nuclear protein (TC2N) has been implicated in tumorigenesis and serves as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in different types of cancer. Here, we explore the possible regulatory activities and molecular mechanisms of TC2N in HCC progression. However, TC2N expression was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues and hepatoma cell lines, and this upregulation was positively correlated with tumor progression in HCC patients. The ectopic overexpression of TC2N accelerated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells, whereas its knockdown showed the opposite effects. Bioinformatics analysis showed that TC2N participates in the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Mechanistically, TC2N activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by regulating the expression levels of β-catenin and its downstream targets CyclinD1, MMP7, c-Myc, c-Jun, AXIN2, and glutamine synthase. Furthermore, the deletion of β-catenin effectively neutralized the regulation of TC2N in HCC proliferation and metastasis. Overall, this study showed that TC2N promotes HCC proliferation and metastasis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, indicating that TC2N might be a potential molecular target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xia Lou
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Gu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng-Qi Sun
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang-Lin Hao
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Yi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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Frankel EB, Tiroumalechetty A, Henry PS, Su Z, Wu Y, Kurshan PT. Protein-lipid interactions drive presynaptic assembly upstream of cell adhesion molecules. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.17.567618. [PMID: 38014115 PMCID: PMC10680821 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.17.567618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Textbook models of synaptogenesis position cell adhesion molecules such as neurexin as initiators of synapse assembly. Here we discover a mechanism for presynaptic assembly that occurs prior to neurexin recruitment, while supporting a role for neurexin in synapse maintenance. We find that the cytosolic active zone scaffold SYD-1 interacts with membrane phospholipids to promote active zone protein clustering at the plasma membrane, and subsequently recruits neurexin to stabilize those clusters. Employing molecular dynamics simulations to model intrinsic interactions between SYD-1 and lipid bilayers followed by in vivo tests of these predictions, we find that PIP2-interacting residues in SYD-1's C2 and PDZ domains are redundantly necessary for proper active zone assembly. Finally, we propose that the uncharacterized yet evolutionarily conserved short γ isoform of neurexin represents a minimal neurexin sequence that can stabilize previously assembled presynaptic clusters, potentially a core function of this critical protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa B Frankel
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | | | - Parise S Henry
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Zhaoqian Su
- Data Science Institute, Vanderbilt University, 1001 19th Ave S, Nashville, TN, 37212
| | - Yinghao Wu
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Peri T Kurshan
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Lead Contact
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11
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Chiurillo MA, Ahmed M, González C, Raja A, Lande N. Gene editing of putative cAMP and Ca 2+ -regulated proteins using an efficient cloning-free CRISPR/Cas9 system in Trypanosoma cruzi. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2023; 70:e12999. [PMID: 37724511 PMCID: PMC10841170 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease, must adapt to a diversity of environmental conditions that it faces during its life cycle. The adaptation to these changes is mediated by signaling pathways that coordinate the cellular responses to the new environmental settings. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and Calcium (Ca2+ ) signaling pathways regulate critical cellular processes in this parasite, such as differentiation, osmoregulation, host cell invasion and cell bioenergetics. Although the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology prompted reverse genetics approaches for functional analysis in T. cruzi, it is still necessary to expand the toolbox for genome editing in this parasite, as for example to perform multigene analysis. Here we used an efficient T7RNAP/Cas9 strategy to tag and delete three genes predicted to be involved in cAMP and Ca2+ signaling pathways: a putative Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CAMK), Flagellar Member 6 (FLAM6) and Cyclic nucleotide-binding domain/C2 domain-containing protein (CC2CP). We endogenously tagged these three genes and determined the subcellular localization of the tagged proteins. Furthermore, the strategy used to knockout these genes allows us to presume that TcCC2CP is an essential gene in T. cruzi epimastigotes. Our results will open new venues for future research on the role of these proteins in T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Chiurillo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-006, United States of America
| | - Milad Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-006, United States of America
| | - César González
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-006, United States of America
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey. Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Aqsa Raja
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-006, United States of America
| | - Noelia Lande
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-006, United States of America
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Hwang G, Seo H, Park JC. Copine7 deficiency leads to hepatic fat accumulation via mitochondrial dysfunction. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21676. [PMID: 37954344 PMCID: PMC10637907 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Mitochondrial dysfunction affects hepatic lipid homeostasis and promotes ROS generation. Copine7 (CPNE7) belongs to the ubiquitous copine family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins. CPNE7 has a high calcium ion binding affinity and the capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). A recent study reported that abnormalities in fatty acid and lipid metabolism were linked to the gene variant of CPNE7. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the role of Cpne7 in hepatic lipid metabolism based on mitochondrial function. Methods Lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and ROS production were investigated in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed Cpne7-/- mice and H2O2-damaged HepG2 hepatocytes following CPNE7 silencing or overexpression. Results Cpne7 deficiency promoted severe hepatic steatosis in the HFD-induced NAFLD model. More importantly, mitochondrial dysfunction was observed along with an imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics in the livers of HFD-fed Cpne7-/-mice, resulting in high ROS levels. Similarly, CPNE7-silenced HepG2 hepatocytes showed high ROS levels, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased lipid contents. On the contrary, CPNE7-overexpressed HepG2 cells showed low ROS levels, enhanced mitochondrial function and decreased lipid contents under H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Conclusions In the liver, Cpne7 deficiency causes excessive ROS formation and mitochondrial dysfunction, which aggravates lipid metabolism abnormalities. These findings provide evidence that Cpne7 deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of NAFLD, suggesting Cpne7 as a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geumbit Hwang
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Regenerative Dental Medicine R & D Center, HysensBio, Co., Ltd., 10 Dwitgol-ro, Gwacheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Seo
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Cheol Park
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Regenerative Dental Medicine R & D Center, HysensBio, Co., Ltd., 10 Dwitgol-ro, Gwacheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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13
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Chon NL, Tran S, Miller CS, Lin H, Knight JD. A Conserved Electrostatic Membrane-Binding Surface in Synaptotagmin-Like Proteins Revealed Using Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis and Homology Modeling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.13.548768. [PMID: 37502952 PMCID: PMC10369986 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.13.548768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein structure prediction has emerged as a core technology for understanding biomolecules and their interactions. Here, we combine homology-based structure prediction with molecular phylogenetic analysis to study the evolution of electrostatic membrane binding among vertebrate synaptotagmin-like proteins (Slps). Slp family proteins play key roles in the membrane trafficking of large dense-core secretory vesicles. Our previous experimental and computational study found that the C2A domain of Slp-4 (also called granuphilin) binds with high affinity to anionic phospholipids in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane through a large positively charged protein surface centered on a cluster of phosphoinositide-binding lysine residues. Because this surface contributes greatly to Slp-4 C2A domain membrane binding, we hypothesized that the net charge on the surface might be evolutionarily conserved. To test this hypothesis, the known C2A sequences of Slp-4 among vertebrates were organized by class (from mammalia to pisces) using molecular phylogenetic analysis. Consensus sequences for each class were then identified and used to generate homology structures, from which Poisson-Boltzmann electrostatic potentials were calculated. For comparison, homology structures and electrostatic potentials were also calculated for the five human Slp protein family members. The results demonstrate that the charge on the membrane-binding surface is highly conserved throughout the evolution of Slp-4, and more highly conserved than many individual residues among the human Slp family paralogs. Such molecular phylogenetic-driven computational analysis can help to describe the evolution of electrostatic interactions between proteins and membranes which are crucial for their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara L. Chon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver
| | - Sherleen Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver
| | | | - Hai Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver
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14
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Eisner D, Neher E, Taschenberger H, Smith G. Physiology of intracellular calcium buffering. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2767-2845. [PMID: 37326298 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00042.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling underlies much of physiology. Almost all the Ca2+ in the cytoplasm is bound to buffers, with typically only ∼1% being freely ionized at resting levels in most cells. Physiological Ca2+ buffers include small molecules and proteins, and experimentally Ca2+ indicators will also buffer calcium. The chemistry of interactions between Ca2+ and buffers determines the extent and speed of Ca2+ binding. The physiological effects of Ca2+ buffers are determined by the kinetics with which they bind Ca2+ and their mobility within the cell. The degree of buffering depends on factors such as the affinity for Ca2+, the Ca2+ concentration, and whether Ca2+ ions bind cooperatively. Buffering affects both the amplitude and time course of cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals as well as changes of Ca2+ concentration in organelles. It can also facilitate Ca2+ diffusion inside the cell. Ca2+ buffering affects synaptic transmission, muscle contraction, Ca2+ transport across epithelia, and the killing of bacteria. Saturation of buffers leads to synaptic facilitation and tetanic contraction in skeletal muscle and may play a role in inotropy in the heart. This review focuses on the link between buffer chemistry and function and how Ca2+ buffering affects normal physiology and the consequences of changes in disease. As well as summarizing what is known, we point out the many areas where further work is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eisner
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Erwin Neher
- Membrane Biophysics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Taschenberger
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Godfrey Smith
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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15
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Chiurillo MA, Ahmed M, González C, Raja A, Lander N. Gene editing of putative cAMP and Ca 2+ -regulated proteins using an efficient cloning-free CRISPR/Cas9 system in Trypanosoma cruzi. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.09.548290. [PMID: 37502958 PMCID: PMC10369910 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.09.548290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi , the agent of Chagas disease, must adapt to a diversity of environmental conditions that it faces during its life cycle. The adaptation to these changes is mediated by signaling pathways that coordinate the cellular responses to the new environmental settings. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and Calcium (Ca 2+ ) signaling pathways regulate critical cellular processes in this parasite, such as differentiation, osmoregulation, host cell invasion and cell bioenergetics. Although the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology prompted reverse genetics approaches for functional analysis in T. cruzi , it is still necessary to expand the toolbox for genome editing in this parasite, as for example to perform multigene analysis. Here we used an efficient T7RNAP/Cas9 strategy to tag and delete three genes predicted to be involved in cAMP and Ca 2+ signaling pathways: a putative Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ( CAMK ), Flagellar Member 6 ( FLAM6 ) and Cyclic nucleotide-binding domain/C2 domain-containing protein ( CC2CP ). We endogenously tagged these three genes and determined the subcellular localization of the tagged proteins. Furthermore, the strategy used to knockout these genes allow us to presume that TcCC2CP is an essential gene in T. cruzi epimastigotes. Our results will open new venues for future research on the role of these proteins in T. cruzi .
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Kataria R, Kaur S, Kaundal R. Deciphering the complete human-monkeypox virus interactome: Identifying immune responses and potential drug targets. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1116988. [PMID: 37051239 PMCID: PMC10083500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1116988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a dsDNA virus, belonging to Poxviridae family. The outbreak of monkeypox disease in humans is critical in European and Western countries, owing to its origin in African regions. The highest number of cases of the disease were found in the United States, followed by Spain and Brazil. Understanding the complete infection mechanism of diverse MPXV strains and their interaction with humans is important for therapeutic drug development, and to avoid any future epidemics. Using computational systems biology, we deciphered the genome-wide protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between 22 MPXV strains and human proteome. Based on phylogenomics and disease severity, 3 different strains of MPXV: Zaire-96-I-16, MPXV-UK_P2, and MPXV_USA_2022_MA001 were selected for comparative functional analysis of the proteins involved in the interactions. On an average, we predicted around 92,880 non-redundant PPIs between human and MPXV proteomes, involving 8014 host and 116 pathogen proteins from the 3 strains. The gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed 10,624 common GO terms in which the host proteins of 3 strains were highly enriched. These include significant GO terms such as platelet activation (GO:0030168), GABA-A receptor complex (GO:1902711), and metalloendopeptidase activity (GO:0004222). The host proteins were also significantly enriched in calcium signaling pathway (hsa04020), MAPK signaling pathway (hsa04010), and inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels (hsa04750). These significantly enriched GO terms and KEGG pathways are known to be implicated in immunomodulatory and therapeutic role in humans during viral infection. The protein hubs analysis revealed that most of the MPXV proteins form hubs with the protein kinases and AGC kinase C-terminal domains. Furthermore, subcellular localization revealed that most of the human proteins were localized in cytoplasm (29.22%) and nucleus (26.79%). A few drugs including Fostamatinib, Tamoxifen and others were identified as potential drug candidates against the monkeypox virus disease. This study reports the genome-scale PPIs elucidation in human-monkeypox virus pathosystem, thus facilitating the research community with functional insights into the monkeypox disease infection mechanism and augment the drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Kataria
- Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Logan, United States
| | - Simardeep Kaur
- Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Logan, United States
- Bioinformatics Facility, Center for Integrated BioSystems, Logan, United States
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kaundal
- Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Logan, United States
- Bioinformatics Facility, Center for Integrated BioSystems, Logan, United States
- Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
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17
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Drescher DG, Drescher MJ, Selvakumar D, Annam NP. Analysis of Dysferlin Direct Interactions with Putative Repair Proteins Links Apoptotic Signaling to Ca 2+ Elevation via PDCD6 and FKBP8. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4707. [PMID: 36902136 PMCID: PMC10002499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was utilized to determine binding strength and calcium dependence of direct interactions between dysferlin and proteins likely to mediate skeletal muscle repair, interrupted in limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B/R2. Dysferlin canonical C2A (cC2A) and C2F/G domains directly interacted with annexin A1, calpain-3, caveolin-3, affixin, AHNAK1, syntaxin-4, and mitsugumin-53, with cC2A the primary target and C2F lesser involved, overall demonstrating positive calcium dependence. Dysferlin C2 pairings alone showed negative calcium dependence in almost all cases. Like otoferlin, dysferlin directly interacted via its carboxy terminus with FKBP8, an anti-apoptotic outer mitochondrial membrane protein, and via its C2DE domain with apoptosis-linked gene (ALG-2/PDCD6), linking anti-apoptosis with apoptosis. Confocal Z-stack immunofluorescence confirmed co-compartmentalization of PDCD6 and FKBP8 at the sarcolemmal membrane. Our evidence supports the hypothesis that prior to injury, dysferlin C2 domains self-interact and give rise to a folded, compact structure as indicated for otoferlin. With elevation of intracellular Ca2+ in injury, dysferlin would unfold and expose the cC2A domain for interaction with annexin A1, calpain-3, mitsugumin 53, affixin, and caveolin-3, and dysferlin would realign from its interactions with PDCD6 at basal calcium levels to interact strongly with FKBP8, an intramolecular rearrangement facilitating membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis G. Drescher
- Laboratory of Bio-otology, Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Marian J. Drescher
- Laboratory of Bio-otology, Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Dakshnamurthy Selvakumar
- Laboratory of Bio-otology, Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Neeraja P. Annam
- Laboratory of Bio-otology, Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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18
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Role of calcium-sensor proteins in cell membrane repair. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:232522. [PMID: 36728029 PMCID: PMC9970828 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell membrane repair is a critical process used to maintain cell integrity and survival from potentially lethal chemical, and mechanical membrane injury. Rapid increases in local calcium levels due to a membrane rupture have been widely accepted as a trigger for multiple membrane-resealing models that utilize exocytosis, endocytosis, patching, and shedding mechanisms. Calcium-sensor proteins, such as synaptotagmins (Syt), dysferlin, S100 proteins, and annexins, have all been identified to regulate, or participate in, multiple modes of membrane repair. Dysfunction of membrane repair from inefficiencies or genetic alterations in these proteins contributes to diseases such as muscular dystrophy (MD) and heart disease. The present review covers the role of some of the key calcium-sensor proteins and their involvement in membrane repair.
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19
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Grapevine-Associated Lipid Signalling Is Specifically Activated in an Rpv3 Background in Response to an Aggressive P. viticola Pathovar. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030394. [PMID: 36766736 PMCID: PMC9913531 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera L. is highly susceptible to the biotrophic pathogen Plasmopara viticola. To control the downy mildew disease, several phytochemicals are applied every season. Recent European Union requirements to reduce the use of chemicals in viticulture have made it crucial to use alternative and more sustainable approaches to control this disease. Our previous studies pinpoint the role of fatty acids and lipid signalling in the establishment of an incompatible interaction between grapevine and P. viticola. To further understand the mechanisms behind lipid involvement in an effective defence response we have analysed the expression of several genes related to lipid metabolism in three grapevine genotypes: Chardonnay (susceptible); Regent (tolerant), harbouring an Rpv3-1 resistance loci; and Sauvignac (resistant) that harbours a pyramid of Rpv12 and Rpv3-1 resistance loci. A highly aggressive P. viticola isolate was used (NW-10/16). Moreover, we have characterised the grapevine phospholipases C and D gene families and monitored fatty acid modulation during infection. Our results indicate that both susceptible and resistant grapevine hosts did not present wide fatty acid or gene expression modulation. The modulation of genes associated with lipid signalling and fatty acids seems to be specific to Regent, which raises the hypothesis of being specifically linked to the Rpv3 loci. In Sauvignac, the Rpv12 may be dominant concerning the defence response, and, thus, this genotype may present the activation of other pathways rather than lipid signalling.
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20
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Xu X, Pots H, Gilsbach BK, Parsons D, Veltman DM, Ramachandra SG, Li H, Kortholt A, Jin T. C2GAP2 is a common regulator of Ras signaling for chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and macropinocytosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1075386. [PMID: 36524124 PMCID: PMC9745196 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1075386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, and G protein coupled receptor-mediated chemotaxis are Ras-regulated and actin-driven processes. The common regulator for Ras activity in these three processes remains unknown. Here, we show that C2GAP2, a Ras GTPase activating protein, highly expressed in the vegetative growth state in model organism Dictyostelium. C2GAP2 localizes at the leading edge of chemotaxing cells, phagosomes during phagocytosis, and macropinosomes during micropinocytosis. c2gapB- cells lacking C2GAP2 displayed increased Ras activation upon folic acid stimulation and subsequent impaired chemotaxis in the folic acid gradient. In addition, c2gaB- cells have elevated phagocytosis and macropinocytosis, which subsequently results in faster cell growth. C2GAP2 binds multiple phospholipids on the plasma membrane and the membrane recruitment of C2GAP2 requires calcium. Taken together, we show a shared negative regulator of Ras signaling that mediates Ras signaling for chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and macropinocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Xu
- Chemotaxis Signaling Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Xuehua Xu,
| | - Henderikus Pots
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bernd K. Gilsbach
- Functional Neuroproteomics and Translational Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dustin Parsons
- Chemotaxis Signaling Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Douwe M. Veltman
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sharmila G. Ramachandra
- Chemotaxis Signaling Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Haoran Li
- Chemotaxis Signaling Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Arjan Kortholt
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tian Jin
- Chemotaxis Signaling Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
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21
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Xu X, Jin T. Ras inhibitors gate chemoattractant concentration range for chemotaxis through controlling GPCR-mediated adaptation and cell sensitivity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1020117. [PMID: 36341344 PMCID: PMC9630474 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotaxis plays an essential role in recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. Eukaryotic cells sense chemoattractant with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and chemotax toward gradients with an enormous concentration range through adaptation. Cells in adaptation no longer respond to the present stimulus but remain sensitive to stronger stimuli. Thus, adaptation provides a fundamental strategy for eukaryotic cells to chemotax through a gradient. Ras activation is the first step in the chemosensing GPCR signaling pathways that displays a transient activation behavior in both model organism Dictyostelium discoideum and mammalian neutrophils. Recently, it has been revealed that C2GAP1 and CAPRI control the GPCR-mediated adaptation in D. discoideum and human neutrophils, respectively. More importantly, both Ras inhibitors regulate the sensitivity of the cells. These findings suggest an evolutionarily conserved molecular mechanism by which eukaryotic cells gate concentration range of chemoattractants for chemotaxis.
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TOR complex 2 is a master regulator of plasma membrane homeostasis. Biochem J 2022; 479:1917-1940. [PMID: 36149412 PMCID: PMC9555796 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As first demonstrated in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), all eukaryotic cells contain two, distinct multi-component protein kinase complexes that each harbor the TOR (Target Of Rapamycin) polypeptide as the catalytic subunit. These ensembles, dubbed TORC1 and TORC2, function as universal, centrally important sensors, integrators, and controllers of eukaryotic cell growth and homeostasis. TORC1, activated on the cytosolic surface of the lysosome (or, in yeast, on the cytosolic surface of the vacuole), has emerged as a primary nutrient sensor that promotes cellular biosynthesis and suppresses autophagy. TORC2, located primarily at the plasma membrane, plays a major role in maintaining the proper levels and bilayer distribution of all plasma membrane components (sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, sterols, and integral membrane proteins). This article surveys what we have learned about signaling via the TORC2 complex, largely through studies conducted in S. cerevisiae. In this yeast, conditions that challenge plasma membrane integrity can, depending on the nature of the stress, stimulate or inhibit TORC2, resulting in, respectively, up-regulation or down-regulation of the phosphorylation and thus the activity of its essential downstream effector the AGC family protein kinase Ypk1. Through the ensuing effect on the efficiency with which Ypk1 phosphorylates multiple substrates that control diverse processes, membrane homeostasis is maintained. Thus, the major focus here is on TORC2, Ypk1, and the multifarious targets of Ypk1 and how the functions of these substrates are regulated by their Ypk1-mediated phosphorylation, with emphasis on recent advances in our understanding of these processes.
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Niu J, Li Z, Zhu J, Wu R, Kong L, Niu T, Li X, Cheng X, Li J, Dai L. Genome-wide identification and characterization of the C2 domain family in Sorghum bicolor (L.) and expression profiles in response to saline-alkali stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1695-1711. [PMID: 36387979 PMCID: PMC9636366 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The C2 domain family proteins in plants has been recently shown to be involved in the response to abiotic stress such as salt and drought stress. However, less information on C2 domain family members has been reported in Sorghum bicolor (L.), which is a tolerant cereal crop. To elaborate the mechanism of C2 domain family members in response to abiotic stress, bioinformatic methods were used to analyze this family. The results indicated that 69 C2 domain genes belonging to 5 different groups were first identified within the sorghum genome, and each group possessed various gene structures and conserved functional domains. Second, those C2 family genes were localized on 10 chromosomes 3 tandem repeat genes and 1 pair of repeat gene fragments were detected. The family members further presented a variety of stress responsive cis-elements. Third, in addition to being the major integral component of the membrane, sorghum C2 domain family proteins mainly played roles in response to abiotic and biotic stress with their organic transport and catalytic activity by specific location in the cell on the basis of gene ontology analysis. C2 family genes were differentially expressed in root, shoot or leaf, and shown different expression profiling after saline-alkali stress, which indicated that C2 family members played an important role in response to saline-alkali stress based on the transcription profiles of RNA-seq data and expression analysis by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Besides, most C2 family members were mainly located in cytoplasmi and nucleus. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed three modules (turquoise, dark magenta and pink) that were associated with stress resistance, respectively. Therefore, the present research provides comprehensive information for further analysis of the molecular function of C2 domain family genes in sorghum. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01222-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangshuai Niu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No.5, Xinfeng Road, High-tech Zone, Daqing, 163319 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Zhijiang Li
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Jiarui Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No.5, Xinfeng Road, High-tech Zone, Daqing, 163319 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Rong Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No.5, Xinfeng Road, High-tech Zone, Daqing, 163319 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Lingxin Kong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No.5, Xinfeng Road, High-tech Zone, Daqing, 163319 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Tingli Niu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No.5, Xinfeng Road, High-tech Zone, Daqing, 163319 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Xueying Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No.5, Xinfeng Road, High-tech Zone, Daqing, 163319 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Xinran Cheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No.5, Xinfeng Road, High-tech Zone, Daqing, 163319 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Jianying Li
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Daqing, 163319 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Lingyan Dai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No.5, Xinfeng Road, High-tech Zone, Daqing, 163319 Heilongjiang Province China
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Genome-Wide Identification of Brassicaceae Hormone-Related Transcription Factors and Their Roles in Stress Adaptation and Plant Height Regulation in Allotetraploid Rapeseed. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158762. [PMID: 35955899 PMCID: PMC9369146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytohormone-related transcription factors (TFs) are involved in regulating stress responses and plant growth. However, systematic analysis of these TFs in Brassicaceae is limited, and their functions in stress adaptation and plant height (PH) regulation remain unclear. In this study, 2115 hormone-related TFs were identified in nine Brassicaceae species. Specific domains were found in several Brassicaceae hormone-related TFs, which may be associated with diverse functions. Syntenic analysis indicated that expansion of these genes was mainly caused by segmental duplication, with whole-genome duplication occurring in some species. Differential expression analysis and gene co-expression network analysis identified seven phytohormone-related TFs (BnaWRKY7, 21, 32, 38, 52, BnaGL3-4, and BnaAREB2-5) as possible key genes for cadmium (Cd) toxicity, salinity stress, and potassium (K) and nitrogen (N) deficiencies. Furthermore, BnaWRKY42 and BnaARR21 may play essential roles in plant height. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified 15 phytohormone-related TFs and their potential target genes regulating stress adaptation and plant height. Among the above genes, BnaWRKY56 and BnaWRKY60 responded to four different stresses simultaneously, and BnaWRKY42 was identified in two dwarf rapeseeds. In summary, several candidate genes for stress resistance (BnaWRKY56 and BnaWRKY60) and plant height (BnaWRKY42) were identified. These findings should help elucidate the biological roles of Brassicaceae hormone-related TFs, and the identified candidate genes should provide a genetic resource for the potential development of stress-tolerant and dwarf oilseed plants.
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Sankar J, Arora S, Joshi G, Kumar R. Pore-forming proteins and their role in cancer and inflammation: Mechanistic insights and plausible druggable targets. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 366:110127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Dominguez MJ, McCord JJ, Sutton RB. Redefining the architecture of ferlin proteins: Insights into multi-domain protein structure and function. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270188. [PMID: 35901179 PMCID: PMC9333456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferlins are complex, multi-domain proteins, involved in membrane trafficking, membrane repair, and exocytosis. The large size of ferlin proteins and the lack of consensus regarding domain boundaries have slowed progress in understanding molecular-level details of ferlin protein structure and function. However, in silico protein folding techniques have significantly enhanced our understanding of the complex ferlin family domain structure. We used RoseTTAFold to assemble full-length models for the six human ferlin proteins (dysferlin, myoferlin, otoferlin, Fer1L4, Fer1L5, and Fer1L6). Our full-length ferlin models were used to obtain objective domain boundaries, and these boundaries were supported by AlphaFold2 predictions. Despite the differences in amino acid sequence between the ferlin proteins, the domain ranges and distinct subdomains in the ferlin domains are remarkably consistent. Further, the RoseTTAFold/AlphaFold2 in silico boundary predictions allowed us to describe and characterize a previously unknown C2 domain, ubiquitous in all human ferlins, which we refer to as C2-FerA. At present, the ferlin domain-domain interactions implied by the full-length in silico models are predicted to have a low accuracy; however, the use of RoseTTAFold and AlphaFold2 as a domain finder has proven to be a powerful research tool for understanding ferlin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Dominguez
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States of America
| | - Jon J. McCord
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States of America
| | - R. Bryan Sutton
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States of America
- Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Téllez-Arreola JL, Martínez-Torres A, Flores-Moran AE, Lazaro-Guevara JM, Estrada-Mondragón A. Analysis of the MCTP Amino Acid Sequence Reveals the Conservation of Putative Calcium- and Lipid-Binding Pockets Within the C2 Domains In Silico. J Mol Evol 2022; 90:271-282. [PMID: 35604448 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-022-10057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
MCTPs (Multiple C2 Domains and Transmembrane region Proteins) are evolutionarily and structurally related to other C2 proteins, which are central to exocytosis and membrane trafficking; however, their specific function has been little studied. MCTPs are associated with endosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum and possess three C2 domains (C2A-C2C) and two transmembrane regions (TMRs) well conserved in different species. Here, we generated structural models of the MCTP C2 domains of C. elegans and analyzed their putative function by docking, which revealed that these domains possess Ca2+- and lipid-binding pockets, suggesting that MCTPs play a significant, calcium-dependent role in membrane physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Téllez-Arreola
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular Y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, 76215, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México.
| | - Ataúlfo Martínez-Torres
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular Y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, 76215, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Adriana E Flores-Moran
- Unit for Basic and Applied Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - José M Lazaro-Guevara
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Argel Estrada-Mondragón
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
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Global Identification and Characterization of C2 Domain-Containing Proteins Associated with Abiotic Stress Response in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042221. [PMID: 35216337 PMCID: PMC8875736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
C2 domain-containing proteins (C2DPs) have been identified in different genomes that contain single or multiple C2 domains in their C- or N-terminal. It possesses higher functional activity in the transmembrane regions. The identification of C2 domains were reported in a previous study, such as multiple C2 domains and transmembrane-region proteins (MCTPs) and N-terminal-TM-C2 domain proteins (NTMC2s) of rice, Arabidopsis thaliana, and cotton, whereas the C2DP gene family in rice has not been comprehensively studied, and the role of the C2DP gene in rice in response to abiotic stress is not yet fully understood. In this study, we identified 82 C2DPs in the rice genome and divided them into seven groups through phylogenetic analysis. The synteny analysis revealed that duplication events were either exhibited within the genome of rice or between the genomes of rice and other species. Through the analysis of cis-acting elements in promoters, expression profiles, and qRT-PCR results, the functions of OsC2DPs were found to be widely distributed in diverse tissues and were extensively involved in phytohormones-related and abiotic stresses response in rice. The prediction of the microRNA (miRNA) targets of OsC2DPs revealed the possibility of regulation by consistent miRNAs. Notably, OsC2DP50/51/52 as a co-tandem duplication exhibited similar expression variations and involved the coincident miRNA-regulation pathway. Moreover, the results of the genotypic variation and haplotype analysis revealed that OsC2DP17, OsC2DP29, and OsC2DP49 were associated with cold stress responses. These findings provided comprehensive insights for characterizations of OsC2DPs in rice as well as for their roles for abiotic stress.
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E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Regulators of Notch Receptor Endocytosis: From Flies to Humans. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020224. [PMID: 35204725 PMCID: PMC8961608 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch is a developmental receptor, conserved in the evolution of the metazoa, which regulates cell fate proliferation and survival in numerous developmental contexts, and also regulates tissue renewal and repair in adult organisms. Notch is activated by proteolytic removal of its extracellular domain and the subsequent release of its intracellular domain, which then acts in the nucleus as part of a transcription factor complex. Numerous regulatory mechanisms exist to tune the amplitude, duration and spatial patterning of this core signalling mechanism. In Drosophila, Deltex (Dx) and Suppressor of dx (Su(dx)) are E3 ubiquitin ligases which interact with the Notch intracellular domain to regulate its endocytic trafficking, with impacts on both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent signal activation. Homologues of Dx and Su(dx) have been shown to also interact with one or more of the four mammalian Notch proteins and other target substrates. Studies have shown similarities, specialisations and diversifications of the roles of these Notch regulators. This review collates together current research on vertebrate Dx and Su(dx)-related proteins, provides an overview of their various roles, and discusses their contributions to cell fate regulation and disease.
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Yang F, Gracia Gervasi M, Orta G, Tourzani DA, De la Vega-Beltrán JL, Ruthel G, Darszon A, Visconti PE, Wang PJ. C2CD6 regulates targeting and organization of the CatSper calcium channel complex in sperm flagella. Development 2022; 149:dev199988. [PMID: 34919125 PMCID: PMC8774747 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The CatSper cation channel is essential for sperm capacitation and male fertility. The multi-subunit CatSper complexes form highly organized calcium signaling nanodomains on flagellar membranes. Here, we report identification of an uncharacterized protein, C2CD6, as a subunit of the mouse CatSper complex. C2CD6 contains a calcium-dependent, membrane-targeting C2 domain. C2CD6 associates with the CatSper calcium-selective, core-forming subunits. Deficiency of C2CD6 depletes the CatSper nanodomains from the flagellum and results in male sterility. C2CD6-deficient sperm are defective in hyperactivation and fail to fertilize oocytes both in vitro and in vivo. CatSper currents are present but at a significantly lower level in C2CD6-deficient sperm. Transient treatments with either Ca2+ ionophore, starvation, or a combination of both restore the fertilization capacity of C2CD6-deficient sperm. C2CD6 interacts with EFCAB9, a pH-dependent calcium sensor in the CatSper complex. We postulate that C2CD6 facilitates incorporation of the CatSper complex into the flagellar plasma membrane and may function as a calcium sensor. The identification of C2CD6 may enable the long-sought reconstitution of the CatSper ion channel complex in a heterologous system for male contraceptive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria Gracia Gervasi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Gerardo Orta
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Darya A. Tourzani
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jose Luis De la Vega-Beltrán
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Gordon Ruthel
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alberto Darszon
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Pablo E. Visconti
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - P. Jeremy Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Yamada K, Yoshida K. Multiple subcellular localizations and functions of protein kinase Cδ in liver cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:188-198. [PMID: 35110944 PMCID: PMC8776529 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i2.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) is a member of the PKC family, and its implications have been reported in various biological and cancerous processes, including cell proliferation, cell death, tumor suppression, and tumor progression. In liver cancer cells, accumulating reports show the bi-functional regulation of PKCδ in cell death and survival. PKCδ function is defined by various factors, such as phosphorylation, catalytic domain cleavage, and subcellular localization. PKCδ has multiple intracellular distribution patterns, ranging from the cytosol to the nucleus. We recently found a unique extracellular localization of PKCδ in liver cancer and its growth factor-like function in liver cancer cells. In this review, we first discuss the structural features of PKCδ and then focus on the functional diversity of PKCδ based on its subcellular localization, such as the nucleus, cell surface, and extracellular space. These findings improve our knowledge of PKCδ involvement in the progression of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Yamada
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kiyotsugu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
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Hwang JY, Wang H, Lu Y, Ikawa M, Chung JJ. C2cd6-encoded CatSperτ targets sperm calcium channel to Ca 2+ signaling domains in the flagellar membrane. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110226. [PMID: 34998468 PMCID: PMC8857959 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian sperm cells, regulation of spatiotemporal Ca2+ signaling relies on the quadrilinear Ca2+ signaling nanodomains in the flagellar membrane. The sperm-specific, multi-subunit CatSper Ca2+ channel, which is crucial for sperm hyperactivated motility and male fertility, organizes the nanodomains. Here, we report CatSperτ, the C2cd6-encoded membrane-associating C2 domain protein, can independently migrate to the flagella and serve as a major targeting component of the CatSper channel complex. CatSperτ loss of function in mice demonstrates that it is essential for sperm hyperactivated motility and male fertility. CatSpertτ targets the CatSper channel into the quadrilinear nanodomains in the flagella of developing spermatids, whereas it is dispensable for functional channel assembly. CatSperτ interacts with ciliary trafficking machinery in a C2-dependent manner. These findings provide insights into the CatSper channel trafficking to the Ca2+ signaling nanodomains and the shared molecular mechanisms of ciliary and flagellar membrane targeting. Hwang et al. report that the C2 domain protein CatSperτ targets the sperm CatSper Ca2+ channel to linear domains of the sperm flagellum during development. The findings provide fundamental insights into CatSper trafficking and the shared molecular mechanisms among ciliary and flagellar membrane targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Hwang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yonggang Lu
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Jean-Ju Chung
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Class I PI3K Biology. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:3-49. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Luo Y, Jin M, Lou L, Yang S, Li C, Li X, Zhou M, Cai C. Role of arachidonic acid lipoxygenase pathway in Asthma. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 158:106609. [PMID: 34954219 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism pathways play a key role in immunological response and inflammation diseases, such as asthma, etc. AA in cell membranes can be metabolized by lipoxygenases (LOXs) to a screen of bioactive substances that include leukotrienes (LTs), lipoxins (LXs), and eicosatetraenoic acids (ETEs), which are considered closely related to the pathophysiology of respiratory allergic disease. Studies also verified that drugs regulating AA LOXs pathway have better rehabilitative intervention for asthma. This review aims to summarize the physiological and pathophysiological importance of AA LOXs metabolism pathways in asthma and to discuss its prospects of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacan Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Minli Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Lejing Lou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Chengye Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xi Li
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Meixi Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Chang Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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Novarina D, Guerra P, Milias-Argeitis A. Vacuolar Localization via the N-terminal Domain of Sch9 is Required for TORC1-dependent Phosphorylation and Downstream Signal Transduction. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167326. [PMID: 34695378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The budding yeast Sch9 kinase (functional orthologue of the mammalian S6 kinase) is a major effector of the Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1) complex in the regulation of cell growth in response to nutrient availability and stress. Sch9 is partially localized at the vacuolar surface, where it is phosphorylated by TORC1. The recruitment of Sch9 on the vacuole is mediated by direct interaction between phospholipids of the vacuolar membrane and the region of Sch9 encompassing amino acid residues 1-390, which contains a C2 domain. Since many C2 domains mediate phospholipid binding, it had been suggested that the C2 domain of Sch9 mediates its vacuolar recruitment. However, the in vivo requirement of the C2 domain for Sch9 localization had not been demonstrated, and the phenotypic consequences of Sch9 delocalization remained unknown. Here, by examining cellular localization, phosphorylation state and growth phenotypes of Sch9 truncation mutants, we show that deletion of the N-terminal domain of Sch9 (aa 1-182), but not the C2 domain (aa 183-399), impairs vacuolar localization and TORC1-dependent phosphorylation of Sch9, while causing growth defects similar to those observed in Sch9Δ cells. These defects can be reversed either via artificial tethering of the protein to the vacuole, or by introducing phosphomimetic mutations at the TORC1 target sites, suggesting that Sch9 localization on the vacuole is needed for the TORC1-dependent activation of the kinase. Our study uncovers a key role for the N-terminal domain of Sch9 and provides new mechanistic insight into the regulation of a major TORC1 signaling branch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Novarina
- Molecular Systems Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paolo Guerra
- Molecular Systems Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Milias-Argeitis
- Molecular Systems Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
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The regulation of CPNE1 ubiquitination by the NEDD4L is involved in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:336. [PMID: 34743202 PMCID: PMC8572224 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies revealed that oncogene CPNE1 is positively correlated with the occurrence, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and it could be regulated by micro RNAs. But no direct role of post-translational modification of CPNE1 in NSCLC has been reported. This study confirms that CPNE1 is degraded by two pathways: the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and the autophagy-lysosome pathway. CPNE1 binds with the ubiquitin molecule via its K157 residue. Moreover, we determined that the ubiquitin ligase NEDD4L can mediate the ubiquitination of CPNE1 and promote its degradation. In addition, we find that NEDD4L knockdown promotes the proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells by regulating CPNE1 in vitro and vivo. This study aims to further investigate the mechanism of CPNE1 ubiquitination in the occurrence and development of NSCLC and provide a new potential target for NSCLC treatment.
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Xu X, Bhimani S, Pots H, Wen X, Jeon TJ, Kortholt A, Jin T. Membrane Targeting of C2GAP1 Enables Dictyostelium discoideum to Sense Chemoattractant Gradient at a Higher Concentration Range. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:725073. [PMID: 34395450 PMCID: PMC8362602 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.725073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotaxis, which is G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated directional cell migration, plays pivotal roles in diverse human diseases, including recruitment of leukocytes to inflammation sites and metastasis of cancer. It is still not fully understood how eukaryotes sense and chemotax in response to chemoattractants with an enormous concentration range. A genetically traceable model organism, Dictyostelium discoideum, is the best-studied organism for GPCR-mediated chemotaxis. Recently, we have shown that C2GAP1 controls G protein coupled receptor-mediated Ras adaptation and chemotaxis. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism and the biological function of C2GAP1 membrane targeting for chemotaxis. We show that calcium and phospholipids on the plasma membrane play critical roles in membrane targeting of C2GAP1. Cells lacking C2GAP1 (c2gapA -) displayed an improved chemotaxis in response to chemoattractant gradients at subsensitive or low concentrations (<100 nM), while exhibiting impaired chemotaxis in response to gradients at high concentrations (>1 μM). Taken together, our results demonstrate that the membrane targeting of C2GAP1 enables Dictyostelium to sense chemoattractant gradients at a higher concentration range. This mechanism is likely an evolutionarily conserved molecular mechanism of Ras regulation in the adaptation and chemotaxis of eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Xu
- Chemotaxis Signaling Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Smit Bhimani
- Chemotaxis Signaling Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Henderikus Pots
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Univeristy of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Xi Wen
- Chemotaxis Signaling Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Taeck J. Jeon
- Department of Biology and BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Arjan Kortholt
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Univeristy of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tian Jin
- Chemotaxis Signaling Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
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Tang H, Pang P, Qin Z, Zhao Z, Wu Q, Song S, Li F. The CPNE Family and Their Role in Cancers. Front Genet 2021; 12:689097. [PMID: 34367247 PMCID: PMC8345009 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.689097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite significant advances in cancer research and treatment, the overall prognosis of lung cancer patients remains poor. Therefore, the identification for novel therapeutic targets is critical for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. CPNEs (copines) are a family of membrane-bound proteins that are highly conserved, soluble, ubiquitous, calcium dependent in a variety of eukaryotes. Emerging evidences have also indicated CPNE family members are involved in cancer development and progression as well. However, the expression patterns and clinical roles in cancer have not yet been well understood. In this review, we summarize recent advances concerning CPNE family members and provide insights into new potential mechanism involved in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haicheng Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Pang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhu Qin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangyan Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingguo Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Song
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Mohanty A, Sadangi S, Paichha M, Saha A, Das S, Samanta M. Toll-interacting protein in the freshwater fish Labeo rohita exhibits conserved structural motifs of higher eukaryotes and is distinctly expressed in pathogen-associated molecular pattern stimulations and bacterial infections. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 65:281-289. [PMID: 32237168 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) is a critical regulator of TOLL- like receptor (TLR)-signaling pathway. It is predominantly associated with TLR2 and TLR4 during acute inflammatory conditions and inhibits the TLR-mediated nuclear factor-kappa activation by suppressing the autophosphorylation of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase and its kinase activity. This article describes the Tollip of Labeo rohita (LrTollip), a highly valuable freshwater fish from the Indian subcontinent. The full-length LrTollip complementary DNA (1412 nucleotides) encodes a 276-amino acid (aa) protein, depicting a highly conserved target of the Myb1 (Tom1)-binding domain (TBD; 1-53 aa), conserved core domain 2 (C2; 54-151 aa), and coupling of ubiquitin to endoplasmic reticulum degradation (CUE; 231-273 aa) domains of mouse and human counterparts. The key amino acids exerting the critical functions of Tollip, such as phospholipids recognition and ubiquitination, are present in the C2 and CUE domains of LrTollip, respectively. LrTollip is widely expressed in the kidneys, gills, spleen, liver, and blood, and among these tested tissues, the highest expression is observed in blood. In response to TLR ligands and NOD-like receptor (NLR) ligands stimulations and Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, and Bacillus subtilis infections, LrTollip gene expression is induced in various organs/tissues with remarkable difference in their kinetics. These data together suggest the important role of LrTollip in TLR- and NLR-signal transduction pathways and immune-related diseases in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Mohanty
- Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751002, India
| | - Sushmita Sadangi
- Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751002, India
| | - Mahismita Paichha
- Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751002, India
| | - Ashis Saha
- Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751002, India
| | - Surajit Das
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Mrinal Samanta
- Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751002, India
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Ausili A, Corbalán-García S, Gómez-Fernández JC. The binding of different model membranes with PKCε C2 domain is not dependent on membrane curvature but affects the sequence of events during unfolding. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 705:108910. [PMID: 33991498 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The C2 domain of novel protein kinases C (nPKC) binds to membranes in a Ca2+-independent way contributing to the activation of these enzymes. We have studied the C2 domain of one of these nPKCs, namely PKCε, and confirmed that it establishes a strong interaction with POPA, which is clearly visible through changes in chemical shifts detected through 31P-MAS-NMR and the protection that it exerts on the domain against thermal denaturation seen through DSC and FT-IR. In this study, using two-dimensional correlation analysis (2D-COS) applied to infrared spectra, we determined the sequence of events that occur during the thermal unfolding of the domain and highlighted some differences when phosphatidic acid or cardiolipin are present. Finally, by means of FRET and DLS experiments, we wanted to determine the effect of membrane curvature on the domain/membrane interaction by using lysophosphatidylcholine to introduce positive curvature as a control and we observed that the effect of these phospholipids on the protein binding is not exerted through the change of membrane curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Ausili
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (A), Facultad de Veterinaria, International Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, Apartado. 4021, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Senena Corbalán-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (A), Facultad de Veterinaria, International Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, Apartado. 4021, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan C Gómez-Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (A), Facultad de Veterinaria, International Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, Apartado. 4021, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
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Iannantuono NVG, Emery G. Rab11FIP1 maintains Rab35 at the intercellular bridge to promote actin removal and abscission. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs244384. [PMID: 34152390 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.244384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis occurs at the end of mitosis/meiosis wherein the cytoplasms of daughter cells are separated. Before abscission, an intercellular bridge containing the remaining furrowing machinery, mitotic spindle and actin cytoskeleton connects the two daughter cells. To remove this actin and allow for the separation of daughter cells, Rab35 vesicles, loaded with the actin oxidizer MICAL1 and the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase OCRL, are recruited to the midbody in a fine-tuned spatiotemporal manner. However, importantly, the means by which these vesicles are recruited is currently unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Rab11FIP1 is recruited to the midbody after Rab35 to scaffold it at the bridge and maintain Rab35 in this region. In the absence of Rab11FIP1, Rab35 dramatically drops from the midbody, inducing defects, such as cytokinetic delays and binucleation due to actin overaccumulation at the intercellular bridge, which can be rescued with Latrunculin A treatment. Importantly, we show that Rab11FIP1 is critical for Rab35 function in actin removal prior to cytokinesis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas V G Iannantuono
- Vesicular Trafficking and Cell Signalling Research Unit, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown station, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Gregory Emery
- Vesicular Trafficking and Cell Signalling Research Unit, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown station, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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Larsen AH, Sansom MSP. Binding of Ca 2+-independent C2 domains to lipid membranes: A multi-scale molecular dynamics study. Structure 2021; 29:1200-1213.e2. [PMID: 34081910 PMCID: PMC8507603 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
C2 domains facilitate protein interactions with lipid bilayers in either a Ca2+-dependent or -independent manner. We used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore six Ca2+-independent C2 domains, from KIBRA, PI3KC2α, RIM2, PTEN, SHIP2, and Smurf2. In coarse-grained MD simulations these C2 domains formed transient interactions with zwitterionic bilayers, compared with longer-lived interactions with anionic bilayers containing phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2). Type I C2 domains bound non-canonically via the front, back, or side of the β sandwich, whereas type II C2 domains bound canonically, via the top loops. C2 domains interacted strongly with membranes containing PIP2, causing bound anionic lipids to cluster around the protein. Binding modes were refined via atomistic simulations. For PTEN and SHIP2, CG simulations of their phosphatase plus C2 domains with PIP2-containing bilayers were also performed, and the roles of the two domains in membrane localization compared. These studies establish a simulation protocol for membrane-recognition proteins. Binding of Ca2+-independent C2 domains to membranes was explored by MD simulation C2 domains from KIBRA, PI3KC2α, RIM2, PTEN, SHIP2, and Smurf2 were compared C2 domains formed longer-lived interactions with lipid bilayers containing PIP2 For PTEN and SHIP2, simulations of their phosphatase plus C2 domains were performed
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Haahr Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Mark S P Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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PKC98E Regulates Odorant Responses in Drosophila melanogaster. J Neurosci 2021; 41:3948-3957. [PMID: 33789918 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3019-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila odorant receptors (Ors) are ligand gated ion channels composed of a common receptor subunit Or co-receptor (ORCO) and one of 62 "tuning" receptor subunits that confer odorant specificity to olfactory neuron responses. Like other sensory systems studied to date, exposing Drosophila olfactory neurons to activating ligands results in reduced responses to subsequent exposures through a process called desensitization. We recently showed that phosphorylation of serine 289 on the common Or subunit ORCO is required for normal peak olfactory neuron responses. Dephosphorylation of this residue occurs on prolonged odorant exposure, and underlies the slow modulation of olfactory neuron responses we term "slow desensitization." Slow desensitization results in the reduction of peak olfactory neuron responses and flattening of dose-response curves, implicating changes in ORCOS289 phosphorylation state as an important modulator of olfactory neuron responses. Here, we report the identification of the primary kinase responsible for ORCOS289 phosphorylation, PKC98E. Antiserum localizes the kinase to the dendrites of the olfactory neurons. Deletion of the kinase from olfactory neurons in the naive state (the absence of prolonged odor exposure) reduces ORCOS289 phosphorylation and reduces peak odorant responses without altering receptor localization or expression levels. Genetic rescue with a PKC98E predicted to be constitutively active restores ORCO S289 phosphorylation and olfactory neuron sensitivity to the PKC98E mutants in the naive state. However, the dominant kinase is defective for slow desensitization. Together, these findings reveal that PKC98E is an important regulator of ORCO receptors and olfactory neuron function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We have identified PKC98E as the kinase responsible for phosphorylation of the odorant receptor co-receptor (ORCO) at S289 that is required for normal odorant response kinetics of olfactory neurons. This is a significant step toward revealing the enzymology underlying the regulation of odorant response regulation in insects.
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Dümmer M, Spasić SZ, Feil M, Michalski C, Forreiter C, Galland P. Tangent algorithm for photogravitropic balance in plants and Phycomyces blakesleeanus: Roles for EHB1 and NPH3 of Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 260:153396. [PMID: 33713940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant organs that are exposed to continuous unilateral light reach in the steady-state a photogravitropic bending angle that results from the mutual antagonism between the photo- and gravitropic responses. To characterize the interaction between the two tropisms and their quantitative relationship we irradiated seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana that were inclined at various angles and determined the fluence rates of unilateral blue light required to compensate the gravitropism of the inclined hypocotyls. We found the compensating fluence rates to increase with the tangent of the inclination angles (0° < γ < 90° or max. 120°) and decrease with the cotangent (90°< γ < 180° or max. 120°of the inclination angles. The tangent dependence became also evident from analysis of previous data obtained with Avena sativa and the phycomycete fungus, Phycomyces blakesleeanus. By using loss-of function mutant lines of Arabidopsis, we identified EHB1 (enhanced bending 1) as an essential element for the generation of the tangent and cotangent relationships. Because EHB1 possesses a C2-domain with two putative calcium binding sites, we propose that the ubiquitous calcium dependence of gravi- and phototropism is in part mediated by Ca2+-bound EHB1. Based on a yeast-two-hybrid analysis we found evidence that EHB1 does physically interact with the ARF-GAP protein AGD12. Both proteins were reported to affect gravi- and phototropism antagonistically. We further showed that only AGD12, but not EHB1, interacts with its corresponding ARF-protein. Evidence is provided that AGD12 is able to form homodimers as well as heterodimers with EHB1. On the basis of these data we present a model for a mechanism of early tropism events, in which Ca2+-activated EHB1 emerges as the central processor-like element that links the gravi- and phototropic transduction chains and that generates in coordination with NPH3 and AGD12 the tangent / cotangent algorithm governing photogravitropic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Dümmer
- Fachbereich Biologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, D-35032, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Sladjana Z Spasić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, Belgrade, Serbia; Singidunum University, Danijelova 32, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Martin Feil
- Fachbereich Biologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, D-35032, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Michalski
- Fachbereich Biologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, D-35032, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Forreiter
- Fachbereich Biologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, D-35032, Marburg, Germany; Institut für Biologie, Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2, D-57068, Siegen, Germany.
| | - Paul Galland
- Fachbereich Biologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, D-35032, Marburg, Germany.
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Oud MS, Okutman Ö, Hendricks LAJ, de Vries PF, Houston BJ, Vissers LELM, O'Bryan MK, Ramos L, Chemes HE, Viville S, Veltman JA. Exome sequencing reveals novel causes as well as new candidate genes for human globozoospermia. Hum Reprod 2021; 35:240-252. [PMID: 31985809 PMCID: PMC6993856 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can exome sequencing identify new genetic causes of globozoospermia? SUMMARY ANSWER Exome sequencing in 15 cases of unexplained globozoospermia revealed deleterious mutations in seven new genes, of which two have been validated as causing globozoospermia when knocked out in mouse models. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Globozoospermia is a rare form of male infertility characterised by round-headed sperm and malformation of the acrosome. Although pathogenic variants in DPY19L2 and SPATA16 are known causes of globozoospermia and explain up to 70% of all cases, genetic causality remains unexplained in the remaining patients. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION After pre-screening 16 men for mutations in known globozoospermia genes DPY19L2 and SPATA16, exome sequencing was performed in 15 males with globozoospermia or acrosomal hypoplasia of unknown aetiology. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHOD Targeted next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing was performed for all 16 patients to screen for single-nucleotide variants and copy number variations in DPY19L2 and SPATA16. After exclusion of one patient with DPY19L2 mutations, we performed exome sequencing for the 15 remaining subjects. We prioritised recessive and X-linked protein-altering variants with an allele frequency of <0.5% in the population database GnomAD in genes with an enhanced expression in the testis. All identified candidate variants were confirmed in patients and, where possible, in family members using Sanger sequencing. Ultrastructural examination of semen from one of the patients allowed for a precise phenotypic characterisation of abnormal spermatozoa. MAIN RESULTS AND ROLE OF CHANCE After prioritisation and validation, we identified possibly causative variants in eight of 15 patients investigated by exome sequencing. The analysis revealed homozygous nonsense mutations in ZPBP and CCDC62 in two unrelated patients, as well as rare missense mutations in C2CD6 (also known as ALS2CR11), CCIN, C7orf61 and DHNA17 and a frameshift mutation in GGN in six other patients. All variants identified through exome sequencing, except for the variants in DNAH17, were located in a region of homozygosity. Familial segregation of the nonsense variant in ZPBP revealed two fertile brothers and the patient’s mother to be heterozygous carriers. Paternal DNA was unavailable. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that ZPBP localises to the acrosome in human spermatozoa. Ultrastructural analysis of spermatozoa in the patient with the C7orf61 mutation revealed a mixture of round heads with no acrosomes (globozoospermia) and ovoid or irregular heads with small acrosomes frequently detached from the sperm head (acrosomal hypoplasia). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Stringent filtering criteria were used in the exome data analysis which could result in possible pathogenic variants remaining undetected. Additionally, functional follow-up is needed for several candidate genes to confirm the impact of these mutations on normal spermatogenesis. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study revealed an important role for mutations in ZPBP and CCDC62 in human globozoospermia as well as five new candidate genes. These findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of the genetics of male infertility and bring us closer to a complete molecular diagnosis for globozoospermia patients which would help to predict the success of reproductive treatments. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (918–15-667); National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (APP1120356) and the National Council for Scientific Research (CONICET), Argentina, PIP grant 11220120100279CO. The authors have nothing to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Oud
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ö Okutman
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, UF3472-génétique de l'infertilité, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Parasitologie et Pathologie Tropicale, EA 7292, Université de Strasbourg, 3 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - L A J Hendricks
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P F de Vries
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B J Houston
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - L E L M Vissers
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M K O'Bryan
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - L Ramos
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H E Chemes
- Center for Research in Endocrinology (CEDIE), National Research Council, Department of Endocrinology, Buenos Aires Children's Hospital, Argentina
| | - S Viville
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, UF3472-génétique de l'infertilité, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Parasitologie et Pathologie Tropicale, EA 7292, Université de Strasbourg, 3 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - J A Veltman
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Bourgeois-Jaarsma Q, Miaja Hernandez P, Groffen AJ. Ca 2+ sensor proteins in spontaneous release and synaptic plasticity: Limited contribution of Doc2c, rabphilin-3a and synaptotagmin 7 in hippocampal glutamatergic neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 112:103613. [PMID: 33753311 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Presynaptic neurotransmitter release is strictly regulated by SNARE proteins, Ca2+ and a number of Ca2+ sensors including synaptotagmins (Syts) and Double C2 domain proteins (Doc2s). More than seventy years after the original description of spontaneous release, the mechanism that regulates this process is still poorly understood. Syt-1, Syt7 and Doc2 proteins contribute predominantly, but not exclusively, to synchronous, asynchronous and spontaneous phases of release. The proteins share a conserved tandem C2 domain architecture, but are functionally diverse in their subcellular location, Ca2+-binding properties and protein interactions. In absence of Syt-1, Doc2a and -b, neurons still exhibit spontaneous vesicle fusion which remains Ca2+-sensitive, suggesting the existence of additional sensors. Here, we selected Doc2c, rabphilin-3a and Syt-7 as three potential Ca2+ sensors for their sequence homology with Syt-1 and Doc2b. We genetically ablated each candidate gene in absence of Doc2a and -b and investigated spontaneous and evoked release in glutamatergic hippocampal neurons, cultured either in networks or on microglial islands (autapses). The removal of Doc2c had no effect on spontaneous or evoked release. Syt-7 removal also did not affect spontaneous release, although it altered short-term plasticity by accentuating short-term depression. The removal of rabphilin caused an increased spontaneous release frequency in network cultures, an effect that was not observed in autapses. Taken together, we conclude that Doc2c and Syt-7 do not affect spontaneous release of glutamate in hippocampal neurons, while our results suggest a possible regulatory role of rabphilin-3a in neuronal networks. These findings importantly narrow down the repertoire of synaptic Ca2+ sensors that may be implicated in the spontaneous release of glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Bourgeois-Jaarsma
- Department of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Science, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pablo Miaja Hernandez
- Department of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Science, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander J Groffen
- Department of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Science, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Mousavy Gharavy SN, Owen BM, Millership SJ, Chabosseau P, Pizza G, Martinez-Sanchez A, Tasoez E, Georgiadou E, Hu M, Fine NHF, Jacobson DA, Dickerson MT, Idevall-Hagren O, Montoya A, Kramer H, Mehta Z, Withers DJ, Ninov N, Gadue PJ, Cardenas-Diaz FL, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Magnan C, Ibberson M, Leclerc I, Voz M, Rutter GA. Sexually dimorphic roles for the type 2 diabetes-associated C2cd4b gene in murine glucose homeostasis. Diabetologia 2021; 64:850-864. [PMID: 33492421 PMCID: PMC7829492 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Variants close to the VPS13C/C2CD4A/C2CD4B locus are associated with altered risk of type 2 diabetes in genome-wide association studies. While previous functional work has suggested roles for VPS13C and C2CD4A in disease development, none has explored the role of C2CD4B. METHODS CRISPR/Cas9-induced global C2cd4b-knockout mice and zebrafish larvae with c2cd4a deletion were used to study the role of this gene in glucose homeostasis. C2 calcium dependent domain containing protein (C2CD)4A and C2CD4B constructs tagged with FLAG or green fluorescent protein were generated to investigate subcellular dynamics using confocal or near-field microscopy and to identify interacting partners by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Systemic inactivation of C2cd4b in mice led to marked, but highly sexually dimorphic changes in body weight and glucose homeostasis. Female C2cd4b mice displayed unchanged body weight compared with control littermates, but abnormal glucose tolerance (AUC, p = 0.01) and defective in vivo, but not in vitro, insulin secretion (p = 0.02). This was associated with a marked decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone levels as compared with wild-type (WT) littermates (p = 0.003). In sharp contrast, male C2cd4b null mice displayed essentially normal glucose tolerance but an increase in body weight (p < 0.001) and fasting blood glucose (p = 0.003) after maintenance on a high-fat and -sucrose diet vs WT littermates. No metabolic disturbances were observed after global inactivation of C2cd4a in mice, or in pancreatic beta cell function at larval stages in C2cd4a null zebrafish. Fasting blood glucose levels were also unaltered in adult C2cd4a-null fish. C2CD4B and C2CD4A were partially localised to the plasma membrane, with the latter under the control of intracellular Ca2+. Binding partners for both included secretory-granule-localised PTPRN2/phogrin. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our studies suggest that C2cd4b may act centrally in the pituitary to influence sex-dependent circuits that control pancreatic beta cell function and glucose tolerance in rodents. However, the absence of sexual dimorphism in the impact of diabetes risk variants argues for additional roles for C2CD4A or VPS13C in the control of glucose homeostasis in humans. DATA AVAILABILITY The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available in the Biorxiv repository ( www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.18.099200v1 ). RNA-Seq (GSE152576) and proteomics (PXD021597) data have been deposited to GEO ( www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE152576 ) and ProteomeXchange ( www.ebi.ac.uk/pride/archive/projects/PXD021597 ) repositories, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Neda Mousavy Gharavy
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Bryn M Owen
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Steven J Millership
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pauline Chabosseau
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Grazia Pizza
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Aida Martinez-Sanchez
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Emirhan Tasoez
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eleni Georgiadou
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ming Hu
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nicholas H F Fine
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - David A Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew T Dickerson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Alex Montoya
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Holger Kramer
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Zenobia Mehta
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Dominic J Withers
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nikolay Ninov
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul J Gadue
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, CTRB, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Christophe Magnan
- Regulation of Glycemia by Central Nervous System, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Leclerc
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Marianne Voz
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Development and Disease Models, University of Liège (ULg), Liège, Belgium
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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Bondada V, Gal J, Mashburn C, Rodgers DW, Larochelle KE, Croall DE, Geddes JW. The C2 domain of calpain 5 contributes to enzyme activation and membrane localization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119019. [PMID: 33811937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic characteristics of the ubiquitous calpain 5 (CAPN5) remain undescribed despite its high expression in the central nervous system and links to eye development and disease. CAPN5 contains the typical protease core domains but lacks the C terminal penta-EF hand domain of classical calpains, and instead contains a putative C2 domain. This study used the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line stably transfected with CAPN5-3xFLAG variants to assess the potential roles of the CAPN5 C2 domain in Ca2+ regulated enzyme activity and intracellular localization. Calcium dependent autoproteolysis of CAPN5 was documented and characterized. Mutation of the catalytic Cys81 to Ala or addition of EGTA prevented autolysis. Eighty μM Ca2+ was sufficient to stimulate half-maximal CAPN5 autolysis in cellular lysates. CAPN5 autolysis was inhibited by tri-leucine peptidyl aldehydes, but less effectively by di-Leu aldehydes, consistent with a more open conformation of the protease core relative to classical calpains. In silico modeling revealed a type II topology C2 domain including loops with the potential to bind calcium. Mutation of the acidic amino acid residues predicted to participate in Ca2+ binding, particularly Asp531 and Asp589, resulted in a decrease of CAPN5 membrane association. These residues were also found to be invariant in several genomes. The autolytic fragment of CAPN5 was prevalent in membrane-enriched fractions, but not in cytosolic fractions, suggesting that membrane association facilitates the autoproteolytic activity of CAPN5. Together, these results demonstrate that CAPN5 undergoes Ca2+-activated autoproteolytic processing and suggest that CAPN5 association with membranes enhances CAPN5 autolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimala Bondada
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jozsef Gal
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Charles Mashburn
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David W Rodgers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Dorothy E Croall
- Department of Molecular & Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - James W Geddes
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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49
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Sun Y, Zhao JY, Li YT, Zhang PG, Wang SP, Guo J, Chen J, Zhou YB, Chen M, Ma YZ, Fang ZW, Xu ZS. Genome-Wide Analysis of the C2 Domain Family in Soybean and Identification of a Putative Abiotic Stress Response Gene GmC2-148. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:620544. [PMID: 33692816 PMCID: PMC7939022 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.620544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant C2 domain proteins play essential biological functions in numerous plants. In this study, 180 soybean C2 domain genes were identified by screening. Phylogenetic relationship analysis revealed that C2 domain genes fell into three distinct groups with diverged gene structure and conserved functional domain. Chromosomal location analysis indicated that C2 domain genes mapped to 20 chromosomes. The transcript profiles based on RNA-seq data showed that GmC2-58, GmC2-88, and GmC2-148 had higher levels of expression under salt, drought, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. GmC2-148, encoding a cell membrane-localized protein, had the highest level of response to various treatments according to real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. Under salt and drought stresses, the soybean plants with GmC2-148 transgenic hairy roots showed delayed leaf rolling, a higher content of proline (Pro), and lower contents of H2O2, O2- and malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to those of the empty vector (EV) plants. The results of transgenic Arabidopsis in salt and drought treatments were consistent with those in soybean treatments. In addition, the soybean plants with GmC2-148 transgenic hairy roots increased transcript levels of several abiotic stress-related marker genes, including COR47, NCDE3, NAC11, WRKY13, DREB2A, MYB84, bZIP44, and KIN1 which resulted in enhanced abiotic stress tolerance in soybean. These results indicate that C2 domain genes are involved in response to salt and drought stresses, and this study provides a genome-wide analysis of the C2 domain family in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou, China
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Juan-Ying Zhao
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Tong Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Gen Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ping Wang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Bin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - You-Zhi Ma
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Wu Fang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Shi Xu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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50
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Patrick AT, He W, Madu J, Sripathi SR, Choi S, Lee K, Samson FP, Powell FL, Bartoli M, Jee D, Gutsaeva DR, Jahng WJ. Mechanistic dissection of diabetic retinopathy using the protein-metabolite interactome. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:829-848. [PMID: 33520806 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The current study aims to determine the molecular mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy (DR) using the protein-protein interactome and metabolome map. We examined the protein network of novel biomarkers of DR for direct (physical) and indirect (functional) interactions using clinical target proteins in different models. Methods We used proteomic tools including 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry analysis, and database search for biomarker identification using in vivo murine and human model of diabetic retinopathy and in vitro model of oxidative stress. For the protein interactome and metabolome mapping, various bioinformatic tools that include STRING and OmicsNet were used. Results We uncovered new diabetic biomarkers including prohibitin (PHB), dynamin 1, microtubule-actin crosslinking factor 1, Toll-like receptor (TLR 7), complement activation, as well as hypothetical proteins that include a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM18), vimentin III, and calcium-binding C2 domain-containing phospholipid-binding switch (CAC2PBS) using a proteomic approach. Proteome networks of protein interactions with diabetic biomarkers were established using known DR-related proteome data. DR metabolites were interconnected to establish the metabolome map. Our results showed that mitochondrial protein interactions were changed during hyperglycemic conditions in the streptozotocin-treated murine model and diabetic human tissue. Conclusions Our interactome mapping suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction could be tightly linked to various phases of DR pathogenesis including altered visual cycle, cytoskeletal remodeling, altered lipid concentration, inflammation, PHB depletion, tubulin phosphorylation, and altered energy metabolism. The protein-metabolite interactions in the current network demonstrate the etiology of retinal degeneration and suggest the potential therapeutic approach to treat DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrose Teru Patrick
- Retina Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Petroleum Chemistry, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Weilue He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI USA
| | - Joshua Madu
- Retina Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Petroleum Chemistry, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Srinivas R Sripathi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Seulggie Choi
- Division of Vitreous and Retina, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kook Lee
- Division of Vitreous and Retina, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Faith Pwaniyibo Samson
- Retina Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Petroleum Chemistry, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Folami L Powell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Manuela Bartoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Donghyun Jee
- Division of Vitreous and Retina, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Diana R Gutsaeva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Wan Jin Jahng
- Retina Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Petroleum Chemistry, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria
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