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Downham L, Rol ML, Forestier M, Romero P, Mendoza L, Mongelós P, Picconi MA, Colucci MC, Padin VM, Flores AP, Zúñiga M, Ferrera A, Cabrera Y, Crispín MF, Ramirez AT, Cele L, Diop-Ndiaye H, Samaté D, Manga P, Thiam FB, Rodriguez MI, DSouza JP, Nyaga VN, Diop M, Sebitloane M, Sánchez GI, Teran C, Calderon A, Wiesner C, Murillo R, Herrero R, Baena A, Almonte M. Field experience with the 8-HPV-type oncoprotein test for cervical cancer screening among HPV-positive women living with and without HIV in LMICs. Int J Cancer 2024; 155:816-827. [PMID: 38602045 PMCID: PMC11226355 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Overexpression of HPV-oncoproteins E6 and E7 is necessary for HPV-driven cervical carcinogenesis. Hence, these oncoproteins are promising disease-specific biomarkers. We assessed the technical and operational characteristics of the 8-HPV-type OncoE6/E7 Cervical Test in different laboratories using cervical samples from HPV-positive women living with (WLWH) and without HIV. The 8-HPV-type OncoE6/E7 Test (for short: "OncoE6/E7 test") was performed in 2833 HIV-negative women and 241 WLWH attending multicentric studies in Latin America (ESTAMPA study), and in Africa (CESTA study). Oncoprotein positivity were evaluated at each testing site, according to HIV status as well as type-specific agreement with HPV-DNA results. A feedback questionnaire was given to the operators performing the oncoprotein test to evaluate their impression and acceptability regarding the test. The OncoE6/E7 test revealed a high positivity rate heterogeneity across all testing sites (I2: 95.8%, p < .01) with significant lower positivity in WLWH compared to HIV-negative women (12% vs 25%, p < .01). A similar HPV-type distribution was found between HPV DNA genotyping and oncoprotein testing except for HPV31 and 33 (moderate agreement, k = 0.57). Twenty-one laboratory technicians were trained on oncoprotein testing. Despite operators' concerns about the time-consuming procedure and perceived need for moderate laboratory experience, they reported the OncoE6/E7 test as easy to perform and user-friendly for deployment in resource-limited settings. The high positivity rate variability found across studies and subjectivity in test outcome interpretation could potentially results in oncoprotein false positive/negative, and thus the need for further refinements before implementation of the oncoprotein testing in screen-triage-and-treat approaches is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Downham
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mary Luz Rol
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mathilde Forestier
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Pilar Romero
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Laura Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Pamela Mongelós
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | - María Celeste Colucci
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas-ANLIS Dr Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Mariel Padin
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas-ANLIS Dr Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula Flores
- Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas (ACIB), Fundación Inciensa, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
| | - Michael Zúñiga
- Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas (ACIB), Fundación Inciensa, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
| | - Annabelle Ferrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Yessy Cabrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Marcela Farfan Crispín
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia
| | - Arianis Tatiana Ramirez
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Londiwe Cele
- University of Kwazulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Dianke Samaté
- Laboratoire Bactériologie-Virologie, CHU Aristide le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Pascaline Manga
- Laboratoire Bactériologie-Virologie, CHU Aristide le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | - Maria Isabel Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Jyoshma P. DSouza
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Victoria Nyawira Nyaga
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mamadou Diop
- Laboratoire Bactériologie-Virologie, CHU Aristide le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | | | - Carolina Teran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia
| | | | | | - Raul Murillo
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rolando Herrero
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
| | - Armando Baena
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Maribel Almonte
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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He S, Wang A, Wang J, Tang Z, Wang X, Wang D, Chen J, Liu C, Zhao M, Chen H, Song L. Human papillomavirus E7 protein induces homologous recombination defects and PARPi sensitivity. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:27. [PMID: 38263342 PMCID: PMC10805821 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy, pathologically associated with persistent infection of high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Previous studies revealed that HPV-positive cervical cancer displays genomic instability; however, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. METHODS To investigate if DNA damage responses are aggravated in precancerous lesions of HPV-positive cervical epithelium, cervical tissues were biopsied and cryosectioned, and subjected to immunofluorescent staining. Cloned HA-tagged E6 and E7 genes of HPV16 subtype were transfected into HEK293T or C33A cells, and indirect immunofluorescent staining was applied to reveal the competency of double strand break (DSB) repair. To test the synthetic lethality of E7-indued HRD and PARP inhibitor (PARPi), we expressed E7 in C33A cells in the presence or absence of olaparib, and evaluated cell viability by colony formation. RESULTS In precancerous lesions, endogenous DNA lesions were elevated along with the severity of CIN grade. Expressing high-risk viral factor (E7) in HPV-negative cervical cells did not impair checkpoint activation upon genotoxic insults, but affected the potential of DSB repair, leading to homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Based on this HPV-induced genomic instability, the viability of E7-expressing cells was reduced upon exposure to PARPi in comparison with control cells. CONCLUSION In aggregate, our findings demonstrate that HPV-E7 is a potential driver for genome instability and provides a new angle to understand its role in cancer development. The viral HRD could be employed to target HPV-positive cervical cancer via synthetic lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi He
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Meishan Women and Children's Hospital, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Meishan Women and Children's Hospital, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, 629000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zizhi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Meishan Women and Children's Hospital, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Meishan Women and Children's Hospital, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Danqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Meishan Women and Children's Hospital, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Meishan Women and Children's Hospital, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Meishan Women and Children's Hospital, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingcai Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, 629000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Meishan Women and Children's Hospital, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Song
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Meishan Women and Children's Hospital, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Tan B, Wikan N, Lin S, Thaklaewphan P, Potikanond S, Nimlamool W. Inhibitory actions of oxyresveratrol on the PI3K/AKT signaling cascade in cervical cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115982. [PMID: 38056236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling plays a critical role in cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. This signal transduction axis in HPV-positive cervical cancer has been proved to be directly activated by E6/E7 proteins of the virus enhancing cervical cancer progression. Hence, the PI3K/AKT pathway is one of the key therapeutic targets for HPV-positive cervical cancer. Here we discovered that oxyresveratrol (Oxy) at noncytotoxic concentration specifically suppressed the phosphorylation of AKT but not ERK1/2. This potent inhibitory effect of Oxy was still observed even when cells were stimulated with fetal bovine serum. Inhibition of AKT phosphorylation at serine 473 by Oxy resulted in a significant decrease in serine 9 phosphorylation of GSK-3β, a downstream target of AKT. Dephosphorylation of GSK-3β at this serine residue activates its function in promoting the degradation of MCL-1, an anti-apoptotic protein. Results clearly demonstrated that in association with GSK-3β activation, Oxy preferentially downregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1. Furthermore, results from the functional analyses revealed that Oxy inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation, at least in part through suppressing nuclear expression of Ki-67. Besides, the compound retarded cervical cancer cell migration even the cells were exposed to a potent enhancer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, TGF-β1. In consistent with these data, Oxy reduced the expression of β-catenin, N-cadherin, and vimentin. In conclusion, the study disclosed that Oxy specifically inhibits the AKT/GSK-3β/MCL-1 axis resulting in reduction in cervical cancer cell viability, proliferation, and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China
| | - Nitwara Wikan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Shike Lin
- Office for Science and Technology, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China
| | - Phatarawat Thaklaewphan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Saranyapin Potikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wutigri Nimlamool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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4
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Peng S, Tu HF, Cheng M, Hu MH, Tsai HL, Tsai YC, Koenig C, Brayton C, Wang H, Chang YN, Arend RC, Levinson K, Roden RBS, Wu TC, Hung CF. Immune responses, therapeutic anti-tumor effects, and tolerability upon therapeutic HPV16/18 E6/E7 DNA vaccination via needle-free biojector. mBio 2023; 14:e0212123. [PMID: 37791765 PMCID: PMC10653862 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02121-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Respectively, HPV16 and HPV18 cause 50% and 20% of cervical cancer cases globally. Viral proteins E6 and E7 are obligate drivers of oncogenic transformation. We recently developed a candidate therapeutic DNA vaccine, pBI-11, that targets HPV16 and HPV18 E6 and E7. Single-site intramuscular delivery of pBI-11 via a needle elicited therapeutic anti-tumor effects in mice and is now being tested in high-risk human papillomavirus+ head and neck cancer patients (NCT05799144). Needle-free biojectors such as the Tropis device show promise due to ease of administration, high patient acceptability, and the possibility of improved delivery. For example, vaccination of patients with the ZyCoV-D DNA vaccine using the Tropis device is effective against COVID19, well tolerated, and licensed. Here we show that split-dose, multi-site administration and intradermal delivery via the Tropis biojector increase the delivery of pBI-11 DNA vaccine, enhance HPV antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses, and improve anti-tumor therapeutic effects, suggesting its translational potential to treat HPV16/18 infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Peng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hsin-Fang Tu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ming-Hung Hu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hua-Ling Tsai
- Department of Oncology Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ya-Chea Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chelsea Koenig
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cory Brayton
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Oncology Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Rebecca C. Arend
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kimberly Levinson
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard B. S. Roden
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - T. C. Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Ameya G, Birri DJ. The molecular mechanisms of virus-induced human cancers. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106292. [PMID: 37557930 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious public health problem globally. Many human cancers are induced by viruses. Understanding of the mechanisms by which oncogenic (tumorigenic) viruses induce cancer is essential in the prevention and control of cancer. This review covers comprehensive characteristics and molecular mechanisms of the main virus-attributed cancers caused by human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus type 8, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, human polyomaviruses, Merkel cell polyomavirus, and HIV. Oncogenic viruses employ biological processes to replicate and avoid detection by host cell immune systems. Tumorigenic infectious agents activate oncogenes in a variety of ways, allowing the pathogen to block host tumour suppressor proteins, inhibit apoptosis, enhance cell proliferation, and promote invasion of host cells. Furthermore, this review assesses many pathways of viruses linked to cancer, including host cellular communication perturbation, DNA damage mechanisms, immunity, and microRNA targets that promote the beginning and progression of cancer. The current cancer prevention is primarily focused on non-communicable diseases, but infection-attributable cancer also needs attention to significantly reduce the rising cancer burden and related deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemechu Ameya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dagim Jirata Birri
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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White J, Mason R, Lawen T, Spooner J, Faria KVM, Rahman F, Ramasamy R. Therapeutic Approaches to Penile Cancer: Standards of Care and Recent Developments. Res Rep Urol 2023; 15:165-174. [PMID: 37288454 PMCID: PMC10243351 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s387228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Penile cancer is a rare malignancy, most commonly diagnosed in older men, associated with poor outcomes, dramatic decline in quality of life and sexual function. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histopathology of penile cancer, accounting for 95% of all cases. Localized, early-stage penile cancer can be effectively managed through penile-sparing techniques in many cases, though advanced stages of penile cancer carry a poor prognosis. Current innovative treatments are exploring the role of targeted therapy, HPV-directed therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T-cell therapies in treatment and prevention of relapse of penile cancer. Clinical trials are investigating the potential of targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced penile cancer. This review examines the current management of penile cancer and highlights future directions in research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua White
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ross Mason
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tarek Lawen
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jesse Spooner
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kauy V M Faria
- Department of Urology, Institute of Cancer of São Paulo, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Farah Rahman
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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7
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Lang B, Dong D, Zhao T, Zhong R, Qin H, Cao C, Wang Y, Liu T, Liang W, Tian X, Yan Y, Hu Z. A cross-sectional study of human papillomavirus genotype distribution and integration status in penile cancer among Chinese population. Virology 2023; 584:53-57. [PMID: 37244055 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been recognized as an important risk factor in penile cancer. This study aimed to investigate the HPV subtypes and integration status in Chinese patients. Samples were collected from 103 penile cancer patients aged 24-90 years between 2013 and 2019. We found that HPV infection rate was 72.8%, with 28.0% integration. The aging patients were more susceptible to HPV (p = 0.009). HPV16 was the most frequent subtype observed (52/75) and exhibited the highest frequency of integration events, with 11 out of 30 single infection cases showing integration positive. The HPV integrations sites in the viral genome were not randomly distributed, the breakpoints were enriched in the E1 gene (p = 0.006) but relatively scarce in L1, E6 and E7. Our research might provide some clues how HPV leads to the progression of penile cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lang
- Peking University Health Science Center - Macao Polytechnic University Nursing Academy, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, China.
| | - Dirong Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu 169th Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China.
| | - Tong Zhao
- Academician Expert Workstation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China.
| | - Ruolei Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430014, China.
| | - Huimin Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu 169th Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China.
| | - Chen Cao
- Academician Expert Workstation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China.
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Ting Liu
- Academician Expert Workstation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China.
| | - Wenjia Liang
- Academician Expert Workstation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China.
| | - Xun Tian
- Academician Expert Workstation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China.
| | - Yongji Yan
- Department of Urology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - Zheng Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Department of Radiation a nd Medical Oncology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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8
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Yang X, Zhu W. ERBB3 mediates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to alter the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in cervical cancer and predict immunity filtration outcome. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:146. [PMID: 36911370 PMCID: PMC9995796 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide, and the prognosis of advanced/recurrent cervical cancer remains poor. Metastasis and invasion of this type of cancer are closely associated with the tumor microenvironment. Studying the complex interactions between tumor progression and immune cells or stromal cells can provide new insights into treatment for patients with aggressive tumor, recurrence and drug resistance. In the present study, a bioinformatics method (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, differentially expressed genes, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, protein-protein interactions and survival analysis) was used to explore the mRNA and protein level discrepancy gene signature of ERBB3 via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway from the speculation in immuno-oncology and experimental verification of different cervical cancer cell lines. The high expression of ERBB3 in cervical cancer tissues (especially HPV-positive and adenocarcinoma-related) promoted the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The increased expression of MMP9 changed the macrophage infiltration in the tumor microenvironment and affected prognosis of patients with cervical cancer. In conclusion, the present study identified 14 EMT-related genes and 30 genes involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in cervical cancer, and they might provide novel clues for future treatment. The MMP family may be a notable factor associated with tumor cells and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Weipei Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
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9
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Tebbi CK. Mycoviruses in Fungi: Carcinogenesis of Fungal Agents May Not Always Be Mycotoxin Related. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030368. [PMID: 36983536 PMCID: PMC10052198 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain viruses have been found to induce diverse biological pathways to carcinogenesis, evidenced by the presence of viral gene products in some tumors. Despite the fact that many fungal agents contain mycoviruses, until recently, their possible direct effects on human health, including carcinogenesis and leukemogenesis, had not been explored. In this regard, most studies of fungal agents have rightly concentrated on their mycotoxin formation and effects. Recently, the direct role of yeasts and fungi in the etiology of cancers, including leukemia, have been investigated. While greater attention has been placed on the carcinogenic effects of Candida, the role of filamentous fungi in carcinogenesis has also been explored. Recent findings from studies using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique indicate that the plasma of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) uniformly contains antibodies for a certain mycovirus-containing Aspergillus flavus, while controls are negative. The exposure of mononuclear leukocytes from patients with ALL in full remission, and long-term survivors, to the product of this organism was reported to result in the re-development of typical genetics and cell surface phenotypes characteristic of active ALL. Mycoviruses are known to be able to significantly alter the biological characteristics and functions of their host. The possible carcinogenic and leukemogenic role of mycoviruses, with and without their host, needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron K Tebbi
- Children's Cancer Research Group Laboratory, 13719 North Nebraska Avenue, Suite #108, Tampa, FL 33613-3305, USA
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Derbie A, Mekonnen D, Nibret E, Misgan E, Maier M, Woldeamanuel Y, Abebe T. Cervical cancer in Ethiopia: a review of the literature. Cancer Causes Control 2023; 34:1-11. [PMID: 36242682 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies affecting women worldwide with large geographic variations in prevalence and mortality rates. It is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in Ethiopia, where vaccination and screening are less implemented. However, there is a scarcity of literature in the field. Therefore, the objective of this review was to describe current developments in cervical cancer in the Ethiopian context. The main topics presented were the burden of cervical cancer, knowledge of women about the disease, the genotype distribution of Human papillomavirus (HPV), vaccination, and screening practices in Ethiopia. METHODS Published literature in the English language on the above topics until May 2021 were retrieved from PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and the Google database using relevant searching terms. Combinations of the following terms were considered to retrieve literature; < Cervical cancer, uterine cervical neoplasms, papillomavirus infections, papillomavirus vaccines, knowledge about cervical cancer, genotype distribution of HPV and Ethiopia > . The main findings were described thematically. RESULTS Cervical cancer is the second most common and the second most deadly cancer in Ethiopia, The incidence and prevalence of the disease is increasing from time to time because of the growth and aging of the population, as well as an increasing prevalence of well-established risk factors. Knowledge and awareness about cervical cancer is quite poor among Ethiopian women. According to a recent report (2021), the prevalence of previous screening practices among Ethiopian women was at 14%. Although HPV 16 is constantly reported as the common genotype identified from different grade cervical lesions in Ethiopia, studies reported different HPV genotype distributions across the country. According to a recent finding, the most common HPV types identified from cervical lesions in the country were HPV-16, HPV-52, HPV-35, HPV-18, and HPV-56. Ethiopia started vaccinating school girls using Gardasil-4™ in 2018 although the coverage is insignificant. Recently emerging reports are in favor of gender-neutral vaccination strategies with moderate coverage that was found superior and would rapidly eradicate high-risk HPVs than vaccinating only girls. CONCLUSIONS Cervical cancer continues to be a major public health problem affecting thousands of women in Ethiopia. As the disease is purely preventable, classic cervical cancer prevention strategies that include HPV vaccination using a broad genotype coverage, screening using a high precision test, and treating cervical precancerous lesions in the earliest possible time could prevent most cervical cancer cases in Ethiopia. The provision of a focused health education supported by educational materials would increase the knowledge of women about cervical cancer in general and the uptake of cervical cancer prevention and screening services in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awoke Derbie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Department of Health Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Daniel Mekonnen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Department of Health Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Endalkachew Nibret
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Eyaya Misgan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Melanie Maier
- Department of Diagnostics, Institute of Virology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tamrat Abebe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Drevinskaite M, Patasius A, Kincius M, Jonušas J, Ladukas A, Jievaltas M, Kairevice L, Smailyte G. Incidence, mortality and survival trends of penile cancer in Lithuania 1998-2017. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1124101. [PMID: 37213282 PMCID: PMC10196467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1124101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The aim of this study was to analyse trends in penile cancer incidence, mortality, and relative survival in Lithuania during the period of 1998-2017. Materials and methods The study was based on all cases of penile cancer reported to the Lithuanian Cancer Registry between 1998 and 2017. Age-specific rates standardized rates were calculated, using the direct method (World standard population). The Joinpoint regression model was used to provide estimated average annual percentage change (AAPC). One-year and five-year relative survival estimates were calculated using period analysis. Relative survival was calculated as the ratio of the observed survival of cancer patients and the expected survival of the underlying general population. Results During the study period, the age-standardized incidence rate of penile cancer varied between 0.72 and 1.64 per 100 000, with AAPC 0.9% (95% CI -0.8-2.7). The mortality rate of penile cancer in Lithuania during this period varied from 0.18 to 0.69 per 100 000, with AAPC of -2.6% (95% CI -5.3-0.3). Relative one-year survival of patients, diagnosed with penile cancer improved over the time from 75.84% in period 1998-2001 to 89.33% in period 2014-2017. Relative five-year survival rate of patients, diagnosed with penile cancer changed from 55.44% in period 1998-2001 to 72.90% in period 2014-2017. Conclusions The incidence rates of penile cancer showed an increasing trend, while mortality rates were decreasing in Lithuania during 1998-2017. One-year and five-year relative survival increased, however, it does not reach the highest scores of Northern European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingaile Drevinskaite
- Laboratory of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
- *Correspondence: Mingaile Drevinskaite,
| | - Ausvydas Patasius
- Laboratory of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marius Kincius
- Laboratory of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Justinas Jonušas
- Laboratory of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
- The Clinic of Internal Diseases, Family Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius Universitys, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Adomas Ladukas
- Laboratory of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Jievaltas
- Urology Department, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medicine Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Laura Kairevice
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Institute of Oncology, Medical Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Science, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Giedre Smailyte
- Laboratory of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Tang Y, Hu X, Wu K, Li X. Immune landscape and immunotherapy for penile cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1055235. [PMID: 36524123 PMCID: PMC9745054 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Penile cancer is a rare malignancy and usually refers to penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC), which accounts for more than 95% of all penile malignancies. Although organ-sparing surgery is an effective treatment for early-stage PSCC, surgical intervention alone is often not curative for advanced PSCC with metastases to the inguinal and/or pelvic lymph nodes; thus, systemic therapy is required (usually platinum-based chemotherapy and surgery combined). However, chemotherapy for PSCC has proven to be of limited efficacy and is often accompanied by high toxicity, and patients with advanced PSCC usually have poor prognosis. The limited treatment options and poor prognosis indicate the unmet need for advanced PSCC. Immune-based therapies have been approved for a variety of genitourinary and squamous cell carcinomas but are rarely reported in PSCC. To date, several studies have reported high expression of PDL1 in PSCC, supporting the potential application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in PSCC. In addition, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is highly prevalent in PSCC and plays a key role in the carcinogenesis of HPV-positive PSCC, suggesting that therapeutic HPV vaccine may also be a potential treatment modality. Moreover, adoptive T cell therapy (ATC) has also shown efficacy in treating advanced penile cancer in some early clinical trials. The development of new therapeutics relies on understanding the underlying biological mechanisms and processes of tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. Therefore, based on the interest, we reviewed the tumor immune microenvironment and the emerging immunotherapy for penile cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiang Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection in Lung Cancer: Mechanisms and Perspectives. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121691. [PMID: 36552201 PMCID: PMC9775033 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a very prevalent and heterogeneous group of malignancies, and most of them are etiologically associated with tobacco smoking. However, viral infections have been detected in lung carcinomas, with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) being among them. The role of HR-HPVs in lung cancer has been considered to be controversial. This issue is due to the highly variable presence of this virus in lung carcinomas worldwide, and the low viral load frequently that is detected. In this review, we address the epidemiological and mechanistic findings regarding the role of HR-HPVs in lung cancer. Some mechanisms of HR-HPV-mediated lung carcinogenesis have been proposed, including (i) HPV works as an independent carcinogen in non-smoker subjects; (ii) HPV cooperates with carcinogenic compounds present in tobacco smoke; (iii) HPV promotes initial alterations being after cleared by the immune system through a "hit and run" mechanism. Additional research is warranted to clarify the role of HPV in lung cancer.
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Peng S, Xing D, Ferrall L, Tsai YC, Hung CF, Wu TC. Identification of human MHC-I HPV18 E6/E7-specific CD8 + T cell epitopes and generation of an HPV18 E6/E7-expressing adenosquamous carcinoma in HLA-A2 transgenic mice. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:80. [PMID: 36224625 PMCID: PMC9554842 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00864-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) is a high-risk HPV that is commonly associated with cervical cancer. HPV18 oncogenes E6 and E7 are associated with the malignant transformation of cells, thus the identification of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted E6/E7 peptide-specific CD8 + T cell epitopes and the creation of a HPV18 E6/E7 expressing cervicovaginal tumor in HLA-A2 transgenic mice will be significant for vaccine development. METHODS In the below study, we characterized various human HLA class I-restricted HPV18 E6 and E7-specific CD8 + T cells mediated immune responses in HLA class I transgenic mice using DNA vaccines encoding HPV18E6 and HPV18E7. We then confirmed HLA-restricted E6/E7 specific CD8 + T cell epitopes using splenocytes from vaccinated mice stimulated with HPV18E6/E7 peptides. Furthermore, we used oncogenic DNA plasmids encoding HPV18E7E6(delD70), luciferase, cMyc, and AKT to create a spontaneous cervicovaginal carcinoma model in HLA-A2 transgenic mice. RESULTS Therapeutic HPV18 E7 DNA vaccination did not elicit any significant CD8 + T cell response in HLA-A1, HLA-24, HLA-B7, HLA-B44 transgenic or wild type C57BL/6 mice, but it did generate a strong HLA-A2 and HLA-A11 restricted HPV18E7-specific CD8 + T cell immune response. We found that a single deletion of aspartic acid (D) at location 70 in HPV18E6 DNA abolishes the presentation of HPV18 E6 peptide (aa67-75) by murine MHC class I. We found that the DNA vaccine with this mutant HPV18 E6 generated E6-specific CD8 + T cells in HLA-A2. HLA-A11, HLA-A24 and HLA-b40 transgenic mice. Of note, HLA-A2 restricted, HPV18 E7 peptide (aa7-15)- and HPV18 E6 peptide (aa97-105)-specific epitopes are endogenously processed by HPV18 positive Hela-AAD (HLA-A*0201/Dd) cells. Finally, we found that injection of DNA plasmids encoding HPV18E7E6(delD70), AKT, cMyc, and SB100 can result in the development of adenosquamous carcinoma in the cervicovaginal tract of HLA-A2 transgenic mice. CONCLUSIONS We characterized various human HLA class I-restricted HPV18 E6/E7 peptide specific CD8 + T cell epitopes in human HLA class I transgenic mice. We demonstrated that HPV18 positive Hela cells expressing chimeric HLA-A2 (AAD) do present both HLA-A2-restricted HPV18 E7 (aa7-15)- and HPV18 E6 (aa97-105)-specific CD8 + T cell epitopes. A mutant HPV18E6 that had a single deletion at location 70 obliterates the E6 presentation by murine MHC class I and remains oncogenic. The identification of these human MHC restricted HPV antigen specific epitopes as well as the HPV18E6/E7 expressing adenosquamous cell carcinoma model may have significant future translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Peng
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Deyin Xing
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Louise Ferrall
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ya-Chea Tsai
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, CRB II Room 307, 1550 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
| | - T.-C. Wu
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, CRB II Room 309, 1550 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD 21231 USA
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Aghbash PS, Hemmat N, Fathi H, Baghi HB. Monoclonal antibodies in cervical malignancy-related HPV. Front Oncol 2022; 12:904790. [PMID: 36276117 PMCID: PMC9582116 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.904790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite many efforts to treat HPV infection, cervical cancer survival is still poor for several reasons, including resistance to chemotherapy and relapse. Numerous treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy, immune cell-based therapies, siRNA combined with various drugs, and immunotherapy are being studied and performed to provide the best treatment. Depending on the stage and size of the tumor, methods such as radical hysterectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy, or chemotherapy can be utilized to treat cervical cancer. While accepted, these treatments lead to interruptions in cellular pathways and immune system homeostasis. In addition to a low survival rate, cervical neoplasm incidence has been rising significantly. However, new strategies have been proposed to increase patient survival while reducing the toxicity of chemotherapy, including targeted therapy and monoclonal antibodies. In this article, we discuss the types and potential therapeutic roles of monoclonal antibodies in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Shiri Aghbash
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Hemmat
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Fathi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi, ;
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Chadha J, Chahoud J, Spiess PE. An update on treatment of penile cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221127254. [PMID: 36172172 PMCID: PMC9511530 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221127254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Penile cancer is a rare malignancy, particularly in industrialized nations. In the United States, rates are approximately less than 1 per 100,000 men per year with just over 2000 new cases per year. However, there is significantly increased prevalence in developing nations, with limited treatment expertise and reduced access to care, further driving an unmet clinical need. The most noteworthy risk factor for penile cancer is the association with human papillomavirus infection, which may be present in up to 50% of all penile carcinomas. In addition to local primary tumor approaches, multimodality treatment strategies are vital to patients with clinical regional nodal disease, locally advanced disease. Presence and degree of lymph node involvement remains the most important prognostic factor and patients may benefit from multiple treatment strategies. Interim analysis data from the first randomized clinical trial is expected to yield results in mid/late 2024–early 2025. These treatment approaches include neoadjuvant chemotherapy, adjuvant therapy, including chemotherapy and radiation. Systemic therapy for distant recurrent or metastatic disease is primarily a platinum-based chemotherapy, however with poor overall response. As poor outcomes remain high, particularly in indigent populations, there remains an unmet need for these patients, particularly for high level randomized trials and novel therapeutics. In this review, we will highlight treatment updates for penile cancer. In addition to standard of care, we will review novel lines of therapies including immunotherapies and targeted therapies as well as sequencing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juskaran Chadha
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jad Chahoud
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Philippe E Spiess
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Hung SW, Li Y, Chen X, Chu KO, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Guo X, Man GCW, Wang CC. Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Regulates Autophagy in Male and Female Reproductive Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:906746. [PMID: 35860020 PMCID: PMC9289441 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With a rich abundance of natural polyphenols, green tea has become one of the most popular and healthiest nonalcoholic beverages being consumed worldwide. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the predominant catechin found in green tea, which has been shown to promote numerous health benefits, including metabolic regulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. Clinical studies have also shown the inhibitory effects of EGCG on cancers of the male and female reproductive system, including ovarian, cervical, endometrial, breast, testicular, and prostate cancers. Autophagy is a natural, self-degradation process that serves important functions in both tumor suppression and tumor cell survival. Naturally derived products have the potential to be an effective and safe alternative in balancing autophagy and maintaining homeostasis during tumor development. Although EGCG has been shown to play a critical role in the suppression of multiple cancers, its role as autophagy modulator in cancers of the male and female reproductive system remains to be fully discussed. Herein, we aim to provide an overview of the current knowledge of EGCG in targeting autophagy and its related signaling mechanism in reproductive cancers. Effects of EGCG on regulating autophagy toward reproductive cancers as a single therapy or cotreatment with other chemotherapies will be reviewed and compared. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms and crosstalk of EGCG between autophagy and other cellular processes, such as reactive oxidative stress, ER stress, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, will be summarized. The present review will help to shed light on the significance of green tea as a potential therapeutic treatment for reproductive cancers through regulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Wan Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiran Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai On Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiwei Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gene Chi-Wai Man
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Gene Chi-Wai Man, ; Chi Chiu Wang,
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; School of Biomedical Sciences; and Chinese University of Hong Kong-Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Gene Chi-Wai Man, ; Chi Chiu Wang,
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Balasubramaniam SD, Balakrishnan V, Oon CE, Kaur G. Gene expression profiling of HPV-associated cervical carcinogenesis in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues using the NanoString nCounter TM platform. Gene X 2022; 825:146385. [PMID: 35288200 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) causes genetic alterations in host cervical cells with consequent changes in gene expression affecting downstream molecular pathways, leading to the development of cervical cancer. In this exploratory study, we aimed to identify the perturbed cellular pathways during the various stages of cervical carcinogenesis. Total RNA was extracted from three formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples each of normal cervix, HPV-infected low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade SIL (HSIL) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Gene expression profiling was performed using the 770-gene panel from NanoString nCounter® PanCancer Pathways Panel to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and significantly associated pathways in each stage of cervical cancer development. We identified 121 DEGs involved in cervical carcinogenesis. In the transformation from normal cells to LSIL, the MAPK, transcriptional misregulation and JAK-STAT pathways are implicated, while IL1B may promote inflammation and indirectly activates MMP9, resulting in collagen breakdown and cell migration. The cell cycle - apoptosis pathway with upregulation of E2F1 and MCM2, and DNA repair genes BRCA2-BRIP1 and FANCA are crucial during the progression from LSIL to HSIL. In the final stage of progression to SCC, the cell cycle and signaling pathways, as well as upregulation of c-MYC appear essential. In conclusion, archived FFPE-derived tissue samples are a valuable resource for gene expression profiling. The postulated dysregulated pathways and genes provide a guide of the molecular mechanisms that may be involved in the development of HPV-associated cervical cancer, for further investigation and validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shandra Devi Balasubramaniam
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Unit of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 8100, Malaysia
| | - Venugopal Balakrishnan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Chern Ein Oon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Ojha PS, Maste MM, Tubachi S, Patil VS. Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer: an insight highlighting pathogenesis and targeting strategies. Virusdisease 2022; 33:132-154. [DOI: 10.1007/s13337-022-00768-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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20
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Shoaib S, Islam N, Yusuf N. Phytocompounds from the medicinal and dietary plants: Multi-target agents for cancer prevention and therapy. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4481-4506. [PMID: 35232338 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220301114251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Due to cervical cancer's high incidence and mortality, there is an unmet demand for effective diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive agents. At present, the preferred treatment strategies for advanced metastatic cervical cancer include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, cervical cancer is gradually developing resistance to chemotherapy, thereby reducing its efficacy. Over the last several decades, phytochemicals, a general term for compounds produced from plants, have gained attention for their role in preventing cervical cancer. This role in cervical cancer prevention has garnered attention on the medicinal properties of fruits and vegetables. Phytochemicals are currently being evaluated for their ability to block proteins involved in carcinogenesis and chemoresistance against cervical cancer. Chemoresistance to cancer drugs like cisplatin, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil has become a significant limitation of drug-based chemotherapy. However, the combination of cisplatin with other phytochemicals has been identified as a promising alternative to subjugate cisplatin resistance. Phytochemicals are promising chemo-preventive and chemotherapeutic agents as they possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative potential against many cancers, including cervical cancer. Furthermore, the ability of the phytochemicals to modulate cellular signaling pathways through up and down regulation of various proteins has been claimed for their therapeutic potential. Phytochemicals also display a wide range of biological functions, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, inhibition of invasion, and migration in cervical cancer cells. Numerous studies have revealed the critical role of different signaling proteins and their signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. Here, we review the ability of several dietary phytochemicals to alter carcinogenesis by modulating various molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Shoaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Najmul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, United States
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21
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Haręża DA, Wilczyński JR, Paradowska E. Human Papillomaviruses as Infectious Agents in Gynecological Cancers―Oncogenic Properties of Viral Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031818. [PMID: 35163748 PMCID: PMC8836588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), which belong to the Papillomaviridae family, constitute a group of small nonenveloped double-stranded DNA viruses. HPV has a small genome that only encodes a few proteins, and it is also responsible for 5% of all human cancers, including cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. HPV types may be classified as high- and low-risk genotypes (HR-HPVs and LR-HPVs, respectively) according to their oncogenic potential. HR-HPV 16 and 18 are the most common types worldwide and are the primary types that are responsible for most HPV-related cancers. The activity of the viral E6 and E7 oncoproteins, which interfere with critical cell cycle points such as suppressive tumor protein p53 (p53) and retinoblastoma protein (pRB), is the major contributor to HPV-induced neoplastic initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. In addition, the E5 protein might also play a significant role in tumorigenesis. The role of HPV in the pathogenesis of gynecological cancers is still not fully understood, which indicates a wide spectrum of potential research areas. This review focuses on HPV biology, the distribution of HPVs in gynecological cancers, the properties of viral oncoproteins, and the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A. Haręża
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland;
- BioMedChem Doctoral School of the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek R. Wilczyński
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Edyta Paradowska
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-272-3629; Fax: +48-42-272-3630
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22
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Yang Z, Liu H, Song R, Lu W, Wang H, Gu S, Cao X, Chen Y, Liang J, Qin Q, Yang X, Feng D, He J. Reduced MAGI3 level by HPV18E6 contributes to Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation and cervical cancer progression. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:3051-3062. [PMID: 34510826 PMCID: PMC8564337 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) has high carcinogenic power in invasive cervical cancer (ICC) development. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The carcinogenic properties of HPV18 require the PDZ‐binding motif of its E6 oncoprotein (HPV18 E6) to degrade its target PSD95/Dlg/ZO‐1 (PDZ) proteins. In this study, we demonstrated that the PDZ protein membrane‐associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 3 (MAGI3) inhibited the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, and subsequently cervical cancer (CC) cell migration and invasion, via decreasing β‐catenin levels. By reducing MAGI3 protein levels, HPV18 E6 promoted CC cell migration and invasion through activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Furthermore, HPV18 rather than HPV16 was preferentially associated with the downregulation of MAGI3 and activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in CC. These findings shed light on the mechanism that gives HPV18 its high carcinogenic potential in CC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoli Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ran Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wenxiu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Siyu Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xuedi Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yibin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jihuan Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qiong Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Duiping Feng
- Department of Interventional RadiologyFirst Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Junqi He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and MetastasisCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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23
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Martí C, Marimón L, Glickman A, Henere C, Saco A, Rakislova N, Torné A, Ordi J, del Pino M. Usefulness of E7 mRNA in HPV16-Positive Women to Predict the Risk of Progression to HSIL/CIN2. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091634. [PMID: 34573975 PMCID: PMC8468571 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate whether E7 mRNA can predict the risk of progression in women with HPV16 infection. Design: A prospective observational study. Setting: A tertiary university hospital. Population: A cohort of 139 women referred to colposcopy for an abnormal screening result fulfilling the following inclusion criteria: (1) a positive test result confirming HPV16 infection; (2) a biopsy sample with a histological diagnosis of an absence of lesion or low-grade SIL/CIN grade1 (LSIL/CIN1); (3) no previous HPV vaccination; (4) no pregnancy; and (5) no previous cervical treatments; and (6) no immunosuppression. Methods: At the first visit, all women underwent a cervical sample for liquid-based cytology, HPV testing and genotyping, and HPV16 E7 mRNA analysis and a colposcopy with at least one colposcopy-guided biopsy. Follow-up visits were scheduled every six months. In each control, a liquid-based Pap smear, HPV testing, as well as a colposcopy examination with biopsy if necessary were performed. Main outcome measures: Histological diagnosis of HSIL/CIN2+ at any time during follow-up. Results: E7 mRNA expression was positive in 55/127 (43.3%) women included in the study and seven (12.7%) progressed to HSIL/CIN2+. In contrast, only 1/72 (1.4%) women with no HPV16 E7 mRNA expression progressed (p = 0.027). HPV16 E7 mRNA expression was associated with a 10-fold increased risk of progression (HR 10.0; 95% CI 1.2–81.4). Conclusions: HPV16 E7 mRNA could be useful for risk stratification of women with HPV16 infection in whom a HSIL/CIN2+ has been ruled out. Funding: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII)-Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria and ERDF ‘One Way to Europe’ (PI17/00772).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martí
- Institute Clinic of Gynaecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.M.); (A.G.); (C.H.); (A.T.)
| | - Lorena Marimón
- Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.); (N.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Ariel Glickman
- Institute Clinic of Gynaecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.M.); (A.G.); (C.H.); (A.T.)
| | - Carla Henere
- Institute Clinic of Gynaecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.M.); (A.G.); (C.H.); (A.T.)
| | - Adela Saco
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Natalia Rakislova
- Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.); (N.R.); (J.O.)
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Aureli Torné
- Institute Clinic of Gynaecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.M.); (A.G.); (C.H.); (A.T.)
- Institut D’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Ordi
- Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.); (N.R.); (J.O.)
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Marta del Pino
- Institute Clinic of Gynaecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.M.); (A.G.); (C.H.); (A.T.)
- Institut D’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-6379-30791
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Molecular Characterization of Human Papillomavirus Type 159 (HPV159). Viruses 2021; 13:v13081668. [PMID: 34452532 PMCID: PMC8402796 DOI: 10.3390/v13081668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 159 (HPV159) was identified in an anal swab sample and preliminarily genetically characterized by our group in 2012. Here we present a detailed molecular in silico analysis that showed that the HPV159 viral genome is 7443 bp in length and divided into five early and two late genes, with conserved functional domains and motifs, and a non-coding long control region (LCR) with significant regulatory sequences that allow the virus to complete its life cycle and infect novel host cells. HPV159, clustering into the cutaneotropic Betapapillomavirus (Beta-PV) genus, is phylogenetically most similar to HPV9, forming an individual phylogenetic group in the viral species Beta-2. After testing a large representative collection of clinical samples with HPV159 type-specific RT-PCR, in addition to the anal canal from which the first HPV159 isolate was obtained, HPV159 was further detected in other muco-cutaneous (4/181, 2.2%), mucosal (22/764, 2.9%), and cutaneous (14/554, 2.5%) clinical samples, suggesting its extensive tissue tropism. However, because very low HPV159 viral loads were estimated in the majority of positive samples, it seemed that HPV159 mainly caused clinically insignificant infections of the skin and mucosa. Using newly developed, highly sensitive HPV159-specific nested PCRs, two additional HPV159 LCR viral variants were identified. Nevertheless, all HPV159 mutations were demonstrated outside important functional domains of the LCR, suggesting that the HPV159 viral variants were most probably not pathogenically different. This complete molecular characterization of HPV159 enhances our knowledge of the genome characteristics, tissue tropism, and phylogenetic diversity of Beta-PVs that infect humans.
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25
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Sanami S, Azadegan-Dehkordi F, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Salehi M, Ghasemi-Dehnoo M, Mahooti M, Alizadeh M, Bagheri N. Design of a multi-epitope vaccine against cervical cancer using immunoinformatics approaches. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12397. [PMID: 34117331 PMCID: PMC8196015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91997-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer, caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), is the fourth most common type of cancer among women worldwide. While HPV prophylactic vaccines are available, they have no therapeutic effects and do not clear up existing infections. This study aims to design a therapeutic vaccine against cervical cancer using reverse vaccinology. In this study, the E6 and E7 oncoproteins from HPV16 were chosen as the target antigens for epitope prediction. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and helper T lymphocytes (HTL) epitopes were predicted, and the best epitopes were selected based on antigenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity. The final vaccine construct was composed of the selected epitopes, along with the appropriate adjuvant and linkers. The multi-epitope vaccine was evaluated in terms of physicochemical properties, antigenicity, and allergenicity. The tertiary structure of the vaccine construct was predicted. Furthermore, several analyses were also carried out, including molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and in silico cloning of the vaccine construct. The results showed that the final proposed vaccine could be considered an effective therapeutic vaccine for HPV; however, in vitro and in vivo experiments are required to validate the efficacy of this vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Sanami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azadegan-Dehkordi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Majid Salehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghasemi-Dehnoo
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mehran Mahooti
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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26
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Viral Manipulation of the Host Epigenome as a Driver of Virus-Induced Oncogenesis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061179. [PMID: 34070716 PMCID: PMC8227491 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis due to viral infection accounts for a high fraction of the total global cancer burden (15–20%) of all human cancers. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which viral infection leads to tumor development is extremely important. One of the main mechanisms by which viruses induce host cell proliferation programs is through controlling the host’s epigenetic machinery. In this review, we dissect the epigenetic pathways through which oncogenic viruses can integrate their genome into host cell chromosomes and lead to tumor progression. In addition, we highlight the potential use of drugs based on histone modifiers in reducing the global impact of cancer development due to viral infection.
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27
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Aftab M, Poojary SS, Seshan V, Kumar S, Agarwal P, Tandon S, Zutshi V, Das BC. Urine miRNA signature as a potential non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in cervical cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10323. [PMID: 33990639 PMCID: PMC8121812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89388-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs as cancer biomarkers in serum, plasma, and other body fluids are often used but analysis of miRNA in urine is limited. We investigated the expression of selected miRNAs in the paired urine, serum, cervical scrape, and tumor tissue specimens from the women with cervical precancer and cancer with a view to identify if urine miRNAs could be used as reliable non-invasive biomarkers for an early diagnosis and prognosis of cervical cancer. Expression of three oncomiRs (miR-21, miR-199a, and miR-155-5p) and three tumor suppressors (miR-34a, miR-145, and miR-218) as selected by database search in cervical pre-cancer, cancer, and normal controls including cervical cancer cell lines were analyzed using qRT-PCR. The expression of miRNAs was correlated with various clinicopathological parameters, including HPV infection and survival outcome. We observed a significant overexpression of the oncomiRs and the downregulation of tumor suppressor miRNAs. A combination of miR-145-5p, miR-218-5p, and miR-34a-5p in urine yielded 100% sensitivity and 92.8% specificity in distinguishing precancer and cancer patients from healthy controls and it well correlates with those of serum and tumor tissues. The expression of miR-34a-5p and miR-218-5p were found to be independent prognostic factors for the overall survival of cervical cancer patients. We conclude that the evaluation of the above specific miRNA expression in non-invasive urine samples may serve as a reliable biomarker for early detection and prognosis of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehreen Aftab
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Campus, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Satish S Poojary
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Campus, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Vaishnavi Seshan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Depatment of Medical Oncology, Dr. B R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Pallavi Agarwal
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Campus, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Simran Tandon
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Campus, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Vijay Zutshi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Bhudev C Das
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Campus, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
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28
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Ocadiz-Delgado R, Cruz-Colin JL, Alvarez-Rios E, Torres-Carrillo A, Hernandez-Mendoza K, Conde-Pérezprina JC, Dominguez-Gomez GI, Garcia-Villa E, Lambert PF, Gariglio P. Expression of miR-34a and miR-15b during the progression of cervical cancer in a murine model expressing the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:547-555. [PMID: 33937961 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) E7 oncoprotein appears to be a major determinant for cell immortalization and transformation altering critical processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and immune response. This oncoprotein plays an essential role in cervical carcinogenesis, but other cofactors such as long-term use of hormonal contraceptives are necessary to modulate the risk of cervical cancer (CC). The role of HR-HPVs in the alteration of microRNA (miRNA) levels in persistent viral infections currently remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the miR-34a and miR-15b expression levels in the murine HPV16K14E7 (K14E7) transgenic model after chronic estrogen (E2) treatment and their involvement in CC. Interestingly, results showed that, although miR-34a expression is elevated by the HPVE7 oncogene, this expression was downregulated in the presence of both the E7 oncoprotein and chronic E2 in cervical carcinoma. On the other hand, miR-15b expression was upregulated along cervical carcinogenesis mainly by the effect of E2. These different changes in the expression levels of miR-34a and miR-15b along cervical carcinogenesis conduced to low apoptosis levels, high cell proliferation and finally, to cancerous cervical tissue development. In this work, we also determined the relative mRNA expression of Cyclin E2 (Ccne2), Cyclin A2 (Ccna2), and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) (target genes of miR-34a and miR-15b); Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), Cmyc, and Bax (miR-34a target genes); and p21/WAF1 (mir15b target gene) and the H-ras oncogene. Given the modifications in the expression levels of miR-34a and miR-15b during the development of cervical cancer, it will be useful to carry out further investigation to confirm them as molecular biomarkers of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Ocadiz-Delgado
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. IPN 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07360, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | - Jose-Luis Cruz-Colin
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. IPN 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07360, Mexico City, CP, Mexico.,Department of Genomic Diagnostic, INMEGEN, Mexico City, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Alvarez-Rios
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. IPN 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07360, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | - Antonio Torres-Carrillo
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. IPN 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07360, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | - Karina Hernandez-Mendoza
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. IPN 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07360, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | - Juan-Cristobal Conde-Pérezprina
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. IPN 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07360, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe-Isabel Dominguez-Gomez
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. IPN 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07360, Mexico City, CP, Mexico.,Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, INCan, Mexico City, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Enrique Garcia-Villa
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. IPN 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07360, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Patricio Gariglio
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. IPN 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07360, Mexico City, CP, Mexico.
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29
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Xu H, Jia P, Zhao Z. DeepVISP: Deep Learning for Virus Site Integration Prediction and Motif Discovery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004958. [PMID: 33977077 PMCID: PMC8097320 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 15% of human cancers are estimated to be attributed to viruses. Virus sequences can be integrated into the host genome, leading to genomic instability and carcinogenesis. Here, a new deep convolutional neural network (CNN) model is developed with attention architecture, namely DeepVISP, for accurately predicting oncogenic virus integration sites (VISs) in the human genome. Using the curated benchmark integration data of three viruses, hepatitis B virus (HBV), human herpesvirus (HPV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), DeepVISP achieves high accuracy and robust performance for all three viruses through automatically learning informative features and essential genomic positions only from the DNA sequences. In comparison, DeepVISP outperforms conventional machine learning methods by 8.43-34.33% measured by area under curve (AUC) value enhancement in three viruses. Moreover, DeepVISP can decode cis-regulatory factors that are potentially involved in virus integration and tumorigenesis, such as HOXB7, IKZF1, and LHX6. These findings are supported by multiple lines of evidence in literature. The clustering analysis of the informative motifs reveales that the representative k-mers in clusters could help guide virus recognition of the host genes. A user-friendly web server is developed for predicting putative oncogenic VISs in the human genome using DeepVISP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Xu
- Center for Precision HealthSchool of Biomedical InformaticsThe University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth)HoustonTX77030USA
| | - Peilin Jia
- Center for Precision HealthSchool of Biomedical InformaticsThe University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth)HoustonTX77030USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision HealthSchool of Biomedical InformaticsThe University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth)HoustonTX77030USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesHoustonTX77030USA
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN37203USA
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Sriramulu S, Nandy SK, Ganesan H, Banerjee A, Pathak S. In silico analysis and prediction of transcription factors of the proteins interacting with astrocyte elevated gene-1. Comput Biol Chem 2021; 92:107478. [PMID: 33866140 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2021.107478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional in nature, the protein Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 (AEG-1) controls several cancers through protein-protein interactions. Although, specific physiological processes and molecular functions linked with AEG-1 interactors remain unclear. In our present study, we procured the data of AEG-1 interacting proteins and evaluated their biological functions, associated pathways, and interaction networks using bioinformatic tools. A total of 112 proteins experimentally detected to interact with AEG-1 were collected from various public databases. DAVID 6.8 Online tool was utilized to identify the molecular functions, biological processes, cellular components that aid in understanding the physiological function of AEG-1 and its interactors in several cell types. With the help of integrated network analysis of AEG-1 interactors using Cytoscape 3.8.0 software, cross-talk between various proteins, and associated pathways were revealed. Additionally, the Enrichr online tool was used for performing enrichment of transcription factors of AEG-1 interactors' which further revealed a closely associated self-regulated interaction network of a variety of transcription factors that shape the expression of AEG-1 interacting proteins. As a whole, the study calls for better understanding and elucidation of the pathways and biological roles of both AEG-1 and its interactor proteins that might enable their application as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in various diseases in the very near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmitha Sriramulu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Suman K Nandy
- Department of Histopathology, Tata Medical Centre, Kolkata, 700160, India.
| | - Harsha Ganesan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India.
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Thomas A, Necchi A, Muneer A, Tobias-Machado M, Tran ATH, Van Rompuy AS, Spiess PE, Albersen M. Penile cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021; 7:11. [PMID: 33574340 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-021-00246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare cancer with orphan disease designation and a prevalence of 0.1-1 per 100,000 men in high-income countries, but it constitutes up to 10% of malignancies in men in some African, Asian and South American regions. Risk factors for PSCC include the absence of childhood circumcision, phimosis, chronic inflammation, poor penile hygiene, smoking, immunosuppression and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). Several different subtypes of HPV-related and non-HPV-related penile cancers have been described, which also have different prognostic profiles. Localized disease can be effectively managed by topical therapy, surgery or radiotherapy. As PSCC is characterized by early lymphatic spread and imaging is inadequate for the detection of micrometastatic disease, correct and upfront surgical staging of the inguinal lymph nodes is crucial in disease management. Advanced stages of disease require multimodal management. Optimal sequencing of treatments and patient selection are still being investigated. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens are the mainstay of systemic therapy for advanced PSCC, but they have poor and non-durable responses and high rates of toxic effects, indicating a need for the development of more effective and less toxic therapeutic options. Localized and advanced penile cancers and their treatment have profound physical and psychosexual effects on the quality of life of patients and survivors by altering sexual and urinary function and causing lymphoedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Thomas
- Laboratory of Experimental Urology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Necchi
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Asif Muneer
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marcos Tobias-Machado
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology, ABC Medical School, Instituto do Cancer Vieira de Carvalho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Thi Huyen Tran
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Philippe E Spiess
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Maarten Albersen
- Laboratory of Experimental Urology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Modeling and Molecular Dynamics of the 3D Structure of the HPV16 E7 Protein and Its Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031400. [PMID: 33573298 PMCID: PMC7866783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic potential of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is predicated on the production of the E6 and E7 oncoproteins, which are responsible for disrupting the control of the cell cycle. Epidemiological studies have proposed that the presence of the N29S and H51N variants of the HPV16 E7 protein is significantly associated with cervical cancer. It has been suggested that changes in the amino acid sequence of E7 variants may affect the oncoprotein 3D structure; however, this remains uncertain. An analysis of the structural differences of the HPV16 E7 protein and its variants (N29S and H51N) was performed through homology modeling and structural refinement by molecular dynamics simulation. We propose, for the first time, a 3D structure of the E7 reference protein and two of Its variants (N29S and H51N), and conclude that the mutations induced by the variants in N29S and H51N have a significant influence on the 3D structure of the E7 protein of HPV16, which could be related to the oncogenic capacity of this protein.
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Peng S, Ferrall L, Gaillard S, Wang C, Chi WY, Huang CH, Roden RBS, Wu TC, Chang YN, Hung CF. Development of DNA Vaccine Targeting E6 and E7 Proteins of Human Papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) and HPV18 for Immunotherapy in Combination with Recombinant Vaccinia Boost and PD-1 Antibody. mBio 2021; 12:e03224-20. [PMID: 33468698 PMCID: PMC7845631 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03224-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy for cervical cancer should target high-risk human papillomavirus types 16 and 18, which cause 50% and 20% of cervical cancers, respectively. Here, we describe the construction and characterization of the pBI-11 DNA vaccine via the addition of codon-optimized human papillomavirus 18 (HPV18) E7 and HPV16 and 18 E6 genes to the HPV16 E7-targeted DNA vaccine pNGVL4a-SigE7(detox)HSP70 (DNA vaccine pBI-1). Codon optimization of the HPV16/18 E6/E7 genes in pBI-11 improved fusion protein expression compared to that in DNA vaccine pBI-10.1 that utilized the native viral sequences fused 3' to a signal sequence and 5' to the HSP70 gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Intramuscular vaccination of mice with pBI-11 DNA better induced HPV antigen-specific CD8+ T cell immune responses than pBI-10.1 DNA. Furthermore, intramuscular vaccination with pBI-11 DNA generated stronger therapeutic responses for C57BL/6 mice bearing HPV16 E6/E7-expressing TC-1 tumors. The HPV16/18 antigen-specific T cell-mediated immune responses generated by pBI-11 DNA vaccination were further enhanced by boosting with tissue-antigen HPV vaccine (TA-HPV). Combination of the pBI-11 DNA and TA-HPV boost vaccination with PD-1 antibody blockade significantly improved the control of TC-1 tumors and extended the survival of the mice. Finally, repeat vaccination with clinical-grade pBI-11 with or without clinical-grade TA-HPV was well tolerated in vaccinated mice. These preclinical studies suggest that the pBI-11 DNA vaccine may be used with TA-HPV in a heterologous prime-boost strategy to enhance HPV 16/18 E6/E7-specific CD8+ T cell responses, either alone or in combination with immune checkpoint blockade, to control HPV16/18-associated tumors. Our data serve as an important foundation for future clinical translation.IMPORTANCE Persistent expression of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 is an obligate driver for several human malignancies, including cervical cancer, wherein HPV16 and HPV18 are the most common types. PD-1 antibody immunotherapy helps a subset of cervical cancer patients, and its efficacy might be improved by combination with active vaccination against E6 and/or E7. For patients with HPV16+ cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 (CIN2/3), the precursor of cervical cancer, intramuscular vaccination with a DNA vaccine targeting HPV16 E7 and then a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HPV16/18 E6-E7 fusion proteins (TA-HPV) was safe, and half of the patients cleared their lesions in a small study (NCT00788164). Here, we sought to improve upon this therapeutic approach by developing a new DNA vaccine that targets E6 and E7 of HPV16 and HPV18 for administration prior to a TA-HPV booster vaccination and for application against cervical cancer in combination with a PD-1-blocking antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Louise Ferrall
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie Gaillard
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Oncology Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei-Yu Chi
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chuan-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard B S Roden
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - T-C Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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PD-1 blockade synergizes with intratumoral vaccination of a therapeutic HPV protein vaccine and elicits regression of tumor in a preclinical model. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:1049-1062. [PMID: 33108473 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The human papillomavirus (HPV) encoded oncoproteins E6 and E7 are constitutively expressed in HPV-associated cancers, making them logical therapeutic targets. Intramuscular immunization of patients with HPV16 L2E7E6 fusion protein vaccine (TA-CIN) is well tolerated and induces HPV-specific cellular immune responses. Efficacy of PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade correlates with the level of tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells, yet most patients lack significant tumor infiltration of immune cells making immune checkpoint blockade suboptimal. We hypothesized that intratumoral vaccination with TA-CIN could increase the number of tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells, synergize with PD-1 blockade and result in better control of tumors compared with either PD-1 blockade or vaccination alone. METHODS We examined the immunogenicity and antitumor effects of intratumoral vaccination with TA-CIN alone or in combination with PD-1 blockade in the TC-1 syngeneic murine tumor model expressing HPV16 E6/E7. RESULTS Intratumoral vaccination with TA-CIN induced stronger antigen-specific CD8 + T cell responses and antitumor effects. Intratumoral TA-CIN vaccination generated a systemic immune response that was able to control distal TC-1 tumors. Furthermore, intratumoral TA-CIN vaccination induced tumor infiltration of antigen-specific CD8 + T cells. Knockout of Batf3 abolished antigen-specific CD8 + T cell responses and antitumor effects of intratumoral TA-CIN vaccination. Finally, PD-1 blockade synergizes with intratumoral TA-CIN vaccination resulting in significantly enhanced antigen-specific CD8 + T cell responses and complete regression of tumors, whereas either alone failed to control established TC-1 tumor. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide rationale for future clinical testing of intratumoral TA-CIN vaccination in combination with PD-1 blockade for the control of HPV16-associated tumors.
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Usman M, Hameed Y, Ahmad M. Does human papillomavirus cause human colorectal cancer? Applying Bradford Hill criteria postulates. Ecancermedicalscience 2020; 14:1107. [PMID: 33144875 PMCID: PMC7581335 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in human colorectal cancer (CRC) has already been widely investigated worldwide with conflicting results. Although researchers have tried to establish the link between HPV and CRC through a statistical meta-analysis of the previous studies associating HPV with CRC, they failed to establish a more reliable link due to the shortcomings of the statistical meta-analysis. In the present study, we identified population-wide studies relating HPV with CRC through the PubMed search engine. Then, we examined the available data of HPV prevalence in CRC and normal/benign samples and applied the postulates of Bradford Hill criteria on the available evidence to investigate the association between HPV and CRC. The Bradford Hill criteria are very old, reliable and widely accepted for establishing a link between the cause and disease. In addition, to further enhance the reliability of the outcomes, we have also evaluated the methodologies of the previous studies to address the possibility of false-negative and false-positive results. After a careful evaluation of the extracted data against the postulates of Bradford Hill criteria, it was observed that none of the studies fulfil all the major postulates of Bradford Hill criteria for causation including temporality, consistency, biological gradient, experiment, coherence, specificity and analogy. Hence, no causal relationship has been suggested between HPV and CRC patients of the any included population. The results failed to prove the causal relationship between HPV and CRC and suggested HPV as a coparticipant in the pathogenesis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Hameed
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtiar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Park YC, Ouh YT, Sung MH, Park HG, Kim TJ, Cho CH, Park JS, Lee JK. A phase 1/2a, dose-escalation, safety and preliminary efficacy study of oral therapeutic vaccine in subjects with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3. J Gynecol Oncol 2020; 30:e88. [PMID: 31576684 PMCID: PMC6779607 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2019.30.e88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Persistent infection of HPV increases the chance of carcinoma in situ of cervix through stages of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, 2, and 3, and finally progresses into cervical cancer. We aimed to explore the safety and efficacy of BLS-M07 which is orally administered agent expressing human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E7 antigen on the surface of Lactobacillus casei in patients with CIN 3. METHODS Patients with CIN 3 were recruited in our clinical trial. Reid Colposcopic Index (RCI) grading and serum HPV16 E7 specific antibody production were used to evaluate efficacy of BLS-M07. In phase 1, BLS-M07 was administered orally, 5 times a week, on weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8 with dosages of 500 mg, 1,000 mg, and 1,500 mg. In phase 2a, patients were treated with 1,000 mg. The primary endpoints were the safety and the pathologic regression on colposcopic biopsy. RESULTS Nineteen patients were enrolled in the CIN 3 cohort. In phase 1, no patients experienced dose limiting toxicity. No grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events or deaths were observed. At 16 weeks after treatment, RCI grading was improved and serum HPV16 E7 specific antibody production increased (p<0.05). Six of 8 (75%) patients with CIN 3 were cured in phase 2a. CONCLUSIONS Oral immunization with BLS-M07 increases production of serum HPV16 E7 specific antibody which induces protective humoral immunity. The safety of this oral vaccine was proved and could be a competitive non-surgical therapeutic agent of CIN 3. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02195089.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yung Taek Ouh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Hee Sung
- BioLeaders Corporation, Yongin, Korea.,Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Tae Jin Kim
- General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chi Heum Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong Sup Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jae Kwan Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
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Aarthy M, Panwar U, Singh SK. Structural dynamic studies on identification of EGCG analogues for the inhibition of Human Papillomavirus E7. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8661. [PMID: 32457393 PMCID: PMC7250877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
High risk human papillomaviruses are highly associated with the cervical carcinoma and the other genital tumors. Development of cervical cancer passes through the multistep process initiated from benign cyst to increasingly severe premalignant dysplastic lesions in an epithelium. Replication of this virus occurs in the fatal differentiating epithelium and involves in the activation of cellular DNA replication proteins. The oncoprotein E7 of human papillomavirus expressed in the lower epithelial layers constrains the cells into S-phase constructing an environment favorable for genome replication and cell proliferation. To date, no suitable drug molecules exist to treat HPV infection whereas anticipation of novel anti-HPV chemotherapies with distinctive mode of actions and identification of potential drugs are crucial to a greater extent. Hence, our present study focused on identification of compounds analogue to EGCG, a green tea molecule which is considered to be safe to use for mammalian systems towards treatment of cancer. A three dimensional similarity search on the small molecule library from natural product database using EGCG identified 11 potential small molecules based on their structural similarity. The docking strategies were implemented with acquired small molecules and identification of the key interactions between protein and compounds were carried out through binding free energy calculations. The conformational changes between the apoprotein and complexes were analyzed through simulation performed thrice demonstrating the dynamical and structural effects of the protein induced by the compounds signifying the domination. The analysis of the conformational stability provoked us to describe the features of the best identified small molecules through electronic structure calculations. Overall, our study provides the basis for structural insights of the identified potential identified small molecules and EGCG. Hence, the identified analogue of EGCG can be potent inhibitors against the HPV 16 E7 oncoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Aarthy
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, India
| | - Umesh Panwar
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Singh
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, India.
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James CD, Morgan IM, Bristol ML. The Relationship between Estrogen-Related Signaling and Human Papillomavirus Positive Cancers. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050403. [PMID: 32455952 PMCID: PMC7281727 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High risk-human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are known carcinogens. Numerous reports have linked the steroid hormone estrogen, and the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs), to HPV-related cancers, although the exact nature of the interactions remains to be fully elucidated. Here we will focus on estrogen signaling and describe both pro and potentially anti-cancer effects of this hormone in HPV-positive cancers. This review will summarize: (1) cell culture-related evidence, (2) animal model evidence, and (3) clinical evidence demonstrating an interaction between estrogen and HPV-positive cancers. This comprehensive review provides insights into the potential relationship between estrogen and HPV. We suggest that estrogen may provide a potential therapeutic for HPV-related cancers, however additional studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire D. James
- School of Dentistry, Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Iain M. Morgan
- School of Dentistry, Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Correspondence: (I.M.M.); (M.L.B.); Tel.: +1-804-628-3356 (M.L.B.)
| | - Molly L. Bristol
- School of Dentistry, Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
- Correspondence: (I.M.M.); (M.L.B.); Tel.: +1-804-628-3356 (M.L.B.)
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Luo H, Zhang J, He Z, Wu S. Long Noncoding RNA WT1-AS Inhibits the Progression of Cervical Cancer by Sponging miR-205. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 36:491-500. [PMID: 32319820 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is the second frequent cancer of women in developing countries. Plentiful studies proved that long noncoding RNA antisense of the tumor suppressor gene WT1 (WT1-AS) participated in the progression of CC. However, the role of WT1-AS remains unclear. This study investigated the potential mechanisms of WT1-AS in CC. Methods: The expression of WT1-AS and miR-205 were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The cellular localization of WT1-AS in CC cells was detected by subcellular fractionation assay. The level of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins of N-cadherin, E-cadherin, MMP9, and MMP2 were measured by Western blot. Moreover, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were detected by flow cytometry and transwell assay, respectively. The interrelation between WT1-AS and miR-205 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. The role of WT1-AS in modifying CC growth was identified using xenograft tumor model. Results: WT1-AS was downregulated in cervical tissues and cell lines. WT1-AS was predominantly located in the cytoplasm of CC cells. Upregulation of WT1-AS promoted cell apoptosis, blocked cell cycle, migration, invasion, and EMT in vitro. Moreover, miR-205, as a target gene of WT1-AS, was increased in cervical tissues and cell lines. Besides, miR-205 mimic reversed the effect of WT1-AS upregulation on cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and EMT. Also, WT1-AS caused the curb of xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion: Upregulation of WT1-AS suppressed CC development through sponging miR-205, providing experimental basis for clinical targeted treatment of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- Department of Gynecology, Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxing He
- Department of Gynecology, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Shouheng Wu
- Department of Gynecology, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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40
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Yi Y, Fang Y, Wu K, Liu Y, Zhang W. Comprehensive gene and pathway analysis of cervical cancer progression. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3316-3332. [PMID: 32256826 PMCID: PMC7074609 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical Cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality in women. The present study aimed to identify key genes and pathways involved in cervical cancer (CC) progression, via a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. The GSE63514 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus database was analyzed for hub genes and cancer progression was divided into four phases (phases I-IV). Pathway enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI) and pathway crosstalk analyses were performed, to identify key genes and pathways using a criterion nodal degree ≥5. Gene pathway analysis was determined by mapping the key genes into the key pathways. Co-expression between key genes and their effect on overall survival (OS) time was assessed using The Cancer Genome Atlas database. A total of 3,446 differentially expressed genes with 107 hub genes were identified within the four phases. A total of 14 key genes with 11 key pathways were obtained, following extraction of ≥5 degree nodes from the PPI and pathway crosstalk networks. Gene pathway analysis revealed that CDK1 and CCNB1 regulated the cell cycle and were activated in phase I. Notably, the following terms, 'pathways in cancer', 'focal adhesion' and the 'PI3K-Akt signaling pathway' ranked the highest in phases II-IV. Furthermore, FN1, ITGB1 and MMP9 may be associated with metastasis of tumor cells. STAT1 was indicated to predominantly function at the phase IV via cancer-associated signaling pathways, including 'pathways in cancer' and 'Toll-like receptor signaling pathway'. Survival analysis revealed that high ITGB1 and FN1 expression levels resulted in significantly worse OS. CDK1 and CCNB1 were revealed to regulate proliferation and differentiation through the cell cycle and viral tumorigenesis, while FN1 and ITGB1, which may be developed as novel prognostic factors, were co-expressed to induce metastasis via cancer-associated signaling pathways, including PI3K-Art signaling pathway, and focal adhesion in CC; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexiong Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Kejia Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Wei Zhang, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China, E-mail:
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41
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Next generation sequencing of cervical high grade dysplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma: A case study. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152863. [PMID: 32098697 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer continues to be a prevalent diagnosis among gynecologic pathology despite widespread screening methods and known pathogenesis by human papilloma virus. We describe a patient who underwent next generation sequencing (NGS) of her high grade squamous dysplasia (HG-SIL) as well as the invasive component of her cervical cancer. This tumor showed an amplification of PIK3CA in the invasive carcinoma in addition to a common E542K mutation both in dysplastic and invasive carcinoma. The dysplasia also showed a novel PCNX (e1) - RAD51B (e8) fusion suggesting potentially new mechanisms of pathogenesis in cervical squamous cell carcinoma.
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42
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Xia L, Yue Y, Li M, Zhang YN, Zhao L, Lu W, Wang X, Xie X. CNN3 acts as a potential oncogene in cervical cancer by affecting RPLP1 mRNA expression. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2427. [PMID: 32051425 PMCID: PMC7016181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58947-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of advanced stage cervical cancer is poorer due to cancer invasion and metastasis. Exploring new factors and signalling pathways associated with invasiveness and metastasis would help to identify new therapeutic targets for advanced cervical cancer. We searched the cancer microarray database, Oncomine, and found elevated calponin 3 (CNN3) mRNA expression in cervical cancer tissues. QRT-PCR verified the increased CNN3 expression in cervical cancer compared to para-cancer tissues. Proliferation, migration and invasion assays showed that overexpressed CNN3 promoted the viability and motility of cervical cancer cells, the opposite was observed in CNN3-knockdown cells. In addition, xenografted tumours, established from SiHa cells with CNN3 knockdown, displayed decreased growth and metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing showed that ribosomal protein lateral stalk subunit P1 (RPLP1) was a potential downstream gene. Gene function experiments revealed that RPLP1 had the same biological effects as CNN3 did. Rescue experiments demonstrated that the phenotypes inhibited by CNN3 silencing were partly or completely reversed by RPLP1 overexpression. In conclusion, we verified that CNN3 acts as an oncogene to promote the viability and motility of cervical cancer cells in vitro and accelerate the growth and metastasis of xenografted tumours in vivo, by affecting RPLP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xia
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongfang Yue
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xing Xie
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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43
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Hameed Y, Usman M, Ahmad M. Does human papillomavirus have any association with human colorectal cancer? A brief and critical review of the existing literature. CLINICAL CANCER INVESTIGATION JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/ccij.ccij_45_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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44
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Villota C, Varas-Godoy M, Jeldes E, Campos A, Villegas J, Borgna V, Burzio LO, Burzio VA. HPV-18 E2 protein downregulates antisense noncoding mitochondrial RNA-2, delaying replicative senescence of human keratinocytes. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:33-47. [PMID: 30595560 PMCID: PMC6339806 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human and mouse cells display a differential expression pattern of a family of mitochondrial noncoding RNAs (ncmtRNAs), according to proliferative status. Normal proliferating and cancer cells express a sense ncmtRNA (SncmtRNA), which seems to be required for cell proliferation, and two antisense transcripts referred to as ASncmtRNA-1 and -2. Remarkably however, the ASncmtRNAs are downregulated in human and mouse cancer cells, including HeLa and SiHa cells, transformed with HPV-18 and HPV-16, respectively. HPV E2 protein is considered a tumor suppressor in the context of high-risk HPV-induced transformation and therefore, to explore the mechanisms involved in the downregulation of ASncmtRNAs during tumorigenesis, we studied human foreskin keratinocytes (HFK) transduced with lentiviral-encoded HPV-18 E2. Transduced cells displayed a significantly extended replicative lifespan of up to 23 population doublings, compared to 8 in control cells, together with downregulation of the ASncmtRNAs. At 26 population doublings, cells transduced with E2 were arrested at G2/M, together with downregulation of E2 and SncmtRNA and upregulation of ASncmtRNA-2. Our results suggest a role for high-risk HPV E2 protein in cellular immortalization. Additionally, we propose a new cellular phenotype according to the expression of the SncmtRNA and the ASncmtRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Villota
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Andes Biotechnologies SpA, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emanuel Jeldes
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Andes Biotechnologies SpA, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - América Campos
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Andes Biotechnologies SpA, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares (CEMC) Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Villegas
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Andes Biotechnologies SpA, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vincenzo Borgna
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Andes Biotechnologies SpA, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis O Burzio
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Andes Biotechnologies SpA, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica A Burzio
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Andes Biotechnologies SpA, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
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45
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Jiang Z, Albanese J, Kesterson J, Warrick J, Karabakhtsian R, Dadachova E, Phaëton R. Monoclonal Antibodies Against Human Papillomavirus E6 and E7 Oncoproteins Inhibit Tumor Growth in Experimental Cervical Cancer. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:1289-1295. [PMID: 31325765 PMCID: PMC6642219 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly all cases of cervical cancer are initiated by persistent infection with high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (hr-HPV). When hr-HPV integrates into the host genome, the constitutive expression of oncogenic HPV proteins E6 and E7 function to disrupt p53 and retinoblastoma regulation of cell cycle, respectively, to favor malignant transformation. HPV E6 and E7 are oncogenes found in over 99% of cervical cancer, they are also expressed in pre-neoplastic stages making these viral oncoproteins attractive therapeutic targets. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent a novel potential approach against the actions of hr-HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins. In this report, we describe the utilization of anti-HPV E6 and HPV E7 mAbs in an experimental murine model of human cervical cancer tumors. We used differential dosing strategies of mAbs C1P5 (anti-HPV 16 E6) and TVG701Y (anti-HPV E7) administered via intraperitoneal or intratumoral injections. We compared mAbs to the action of chemotherapeutic agent Cisplatin and demonstrated the capacity of mAbs to significantly inhibit tumor growth. Furthermore, we investigated the contribution of the immune system and found increased complement deposition in both C1P5 and TVG701Y treated tumors compared to irrelevant mAb therapy. Taken together, the results suggest that anti-HPV E6 and E7 mAbs exert inhibition of tumor growth in a viral-specific manner and stimulate an immune response that could be exploited for an additional treatment options for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Jiang
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
| | - Joseph Albanese
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210(th) Street Avenue, Bronx, NY 10467, United States.
| | - Joshua Kesterson
- Penn State College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, 500 University Avenue, Mail Code H103, Hershey, PA 17033.
| | - Joshua Warrick
- Penn State College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Department of Pathology, 500 University Avenue, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
| | - Rouzan Karabakhtsian
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
| | - Ekaterina Dadachova
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 107 Wiggins Rd, Health Sciences Blvd, Box 3D01-11, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Rébécca Phaëton
- Penn State College of Medicine, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, 500 University Drive, Mail Code H103, Hershey, PA 17033.
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46
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Jayamohan S, Kannan M, Moorthy RK, Rajasekaran N, Jung HS, Shin YK, Arockiam AJV. Dysregulation of miR-375/AEG-1 Axis by Human Papillomavirus 16/18-E6/E7 Promotes Cellular Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Cervical Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:847. [PMID: 31552174 PMCID: PMC6746205 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical Cancer (CC) is a highly aggressive tumor and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women. miR-375 was shown to be significantly down-regulated in cervical cancer cells. However, the precise biological functions of miR-375 and the molecular mechanisms underlying its action in CC are largely unknown. miR-375 targets were predicted by bioinformatics target prediction tools and validated using luciferase reporter assay. Herein, we investigated the functional significance of miR-375 and its target gene in CC to identify potential new therapeutic targets. We found that miR-375 expression was significantly downregulated in CC, and astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) was identified as a target of miR-375. Our results also showed that ectopic expression of miR-375 suppressed CC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis, and increased the 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro. In contrast, inhibition of miR-375 expression significantly enhanced these functions. Furthermore, HPV - 16 E6/E7 and HPV - 18 E6/E7 significantly down-regulates miR-375 expression in CC. HPV 16/18-E6/E7/miR-375/AEG-1 axis plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in CC. Therefore, targeting miR-375/AEG-1 mediated axis could serve as a potential therapeutic target for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridharan Jayamohan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Maheshkumar Kannan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Rajesh Kannan Moorthy
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Nirmal Rajasekaran
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Young Kee Shin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Antony Joseph Velanganni Arockiam
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
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47
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Tingting C, Shizhou Y, Songfa Z, Junfen X, Weiguo L, Xiaodong C, Xing X. Human papillomavirus 16E6/E7 activates autophagy via Atg9B and LAMP1 in cervical cancer cells. Cancer Med 2019; 8:4404-4416. [PMID: 31215164 PMCID: PMC6675746 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Although the role of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 in cellular malignant transformation has been elucidated, the function of both genes in cellular homeostasis is still unknown. Autophagy functions in maintenance of cellular homeostasis play a key role in the initiation and development of cancer and infectious disease. METHODS Cervical cancer cell lines SiHa and CaSki were utilized in this study. RESULTS We found that HPV 16E6/E7 (16E6/E7) downregulation inhibited autophagy, and consequently suppressed cell proliferation and promoted early apoptosis. Transcriptome sequencing demonstrated that Atg9B and LAMP1 were downregulated in 16E6/E7 knockdown cells. Gene function experiments revealed that 16E6/E7 downregulation depressed Atg9B and LAMP1, and Atg9B and LAMP1 overexpression compensated, at least partially, autophagy blockage induced by 16E6/E7 knockdown. Immunoprecipitation assay showed that 16E7 interacted with Atg9B and dual-luciferase reporter system revealed that 16E6 most likely regulated -1750 to -2000 nt in Atg9B and -1800 to -2000 nt in LAMP1 promoter region. CONCLUSIONS Our findings verified that 16E6/E7 activated autophagy via accelerating autophagosome formation and degradation, and Atg9B and LAMP1 were involved in the process of 16E6/E7 modulating autophagy, suggesting that targeting autophagy may be a potential approach in cervical cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tingting
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyWomen's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yang Shizhou
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyWomen's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Zhang Songfa
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyWomen's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xu Junfen
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyWomen's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Lu Weiguo
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyWomen's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Cheng Xiaodong
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyWomen's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xie Xing
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyWomen's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
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48
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The molecular pathogenesis of penile carcinoma—current developments and understanding. Virchows Arch 2019; 475:397-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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49
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Neha R, Subeesh V, Beulah E, Gouri N, Maheswari E. Postlicensure surveillance of human papillomavirus vaccine using the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, 2006-2017. Perspect Clin Res 2019; 11:24-30. [PMID: 32154146 PMCID: PMC7034135 DOI: 10.4103/picr.picr_140_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has licensed three HPV (Human papilloma virus) vaccines. The centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) and advisory committee on immunization practices (ACIP) recommends routine HPV vaccination at age 11 or 12 years. This study aimed to summarize and characterize adverse events following HPV vaccination reported to VAERS database from July 2006 to May 2017. Methods: A systematic data mining was performed in the VAERS database for reports associated with HPV vaccine. Clinically relevant Vaccine Event Combinations (VEC) were identified in the VAERS database following HPV vaccination. A VEC was considered for analysis only if a minimum of hundred reports were present in database for the given Adverse Event (AE). The data mining algorithm used in this study was reporting odds ratio. A value of ROR-1.96SE >1 was considered as positive signal. Results: VAERS received 49444 reports after receipt of HPV vaccine during the study period. Out of 49444, 2307 unique reactions were identified. A total of 177 death reports and 3526 non death serious reactions were reported to VAERS. ROR showed positive signals for abdominal pain, syncope, dizziness, convulsion, abortion spontaneous, alopecia, amenorrhea, anogenital warts, cervical dysplasia, anaemia, dyskinesia, migrane, blood pressure decreased, fall, head injury, loss of consciousness, pallor, presyncope, seizures. Conclusion: The present analysis did not identify any new/unexpected safety concern and was consistent with the safety data from prelicensure trials. Further epidemiological studies are required to systematically validate the data provided by VAERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reddy Neha
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Viswam Subeesh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Elsa Beulah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Nair Gouri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Eswaran Maheswari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India
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50
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Human Papillomavirus E6/E7 and Long Noncoding RNA TMPOP2 Mutually Upregulated Gene Expression in Cervical Cancer Cells. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01808-18. [PMID: 30728257 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01808-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TMPOP2 was previously suggested to be an oncogenic long noncoding RNA which is excessively expressed in cervical cancer cells and inhibits E-cadherin gene expression by recruiting transcription repressor EZH2 to the gene promoter. So far, the function and regulation of TMPOP2 in cervical cancer remain largely unknown. Herein, we found that TMPOP2 expression was correlated with human papillomavirus 16/18 (HPV16/18) E6 and E7 in cervical cancer cell lines CaSki and HeLa. Tumor suppressor p53, which is targeted for degradation by HPV16/18, was demonstrated to associate with two p53 response elements in the TMPOP2 promoter to repress the transcription of the TMPOP2 gene. Reciprocally, ectopic expression of TMPOP2 was demonstrated to sequester tumor repressor microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-375 and miR-139 which target HPV16/18 E6/E7 mRNA and resulted in an upregulation of HPV16/18 E6/E7 genes. Thereby, HPV16/18 E6/E7 and the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) TMPOP2 form a positive feedback loop to mutually derepress gene expression in cervical cancer cells. Moreover, results of RNA sequencing and cell cycle analysis showed that knockdown of TMPOP2 impaired the expression of cell cycle genes, induced cell cycle arrest, and inhibited HeLa cell proliferation. Together, our results indicate that TMPOP2 and HPV16/18 E6/E7 mutually strengthen their expression in cervical cancer cells to enhance tumorigenic activities.IMPORTANCE Human papillomaviruses 16 and 18 (HPV16/18) are the main causative agents of cervical cancer. Viral proteins HPV16/18 E6 and E7 are constitutively expressed in cancer cells to maintain oncogenic phenotypes. Accumulating evidences suggest that HPVs are correlated with the deregulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cervical cancer, although the mechanism was unexplored in most cases. TMPOP2 is a newly identified lncRNA excessively expressed in cervical cancer. However, the mechanism for the upregulation of TMPOP2 in cervical cancer cells remains largely unknown and its relationship with HPVs is still elusive. The significance of our research is in revealing the mutual upregulation of HPV16/18 E6/E7 and TMPOP2 with the molecular mechanisms explored. This study will expand our understandings of the oncogenic activities of human papillomaviruses and lncRNAs.
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