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Lin X, Zhou Y, Xue L. Mitochondrial complex I subunit MT-ND1 mutations affect disease progression. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28808. [PMID: 38596130 PMCID: PMC11002282 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I is an important component of the oxidative respiratory chain, with the mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 1 (MT-ND1) being one of the core subunits. MT-ND1 plays a role in the assembly of complex I and its enzymatic function. MT-ND1 gene mutation affects pathophysiological processes, such as interfering with the early assembly of complex I, affecting the ubiquinone binding domain and proton channel of complex I, and affecting oxidative phosphorylation, thus leading to the occurrence of diseases. The relationship between MT-ND1 gene mutation and disease has been has received increasing research attention. Therefore, this article reviews the impact of MT-ND1 mutations on disease progression, focusing on the impact of such mutations on diseases and their possible mechanisms, as well as the application of targeting MT-ND1 gene mutations in disease diagnosis and treatment. We aim to provide a new perspective leading to a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between MT-ND1 gene mutations and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lin
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Lei Xue
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
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Lou X, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Xie Y, Zhang L, Zhao S, Gong S, Zhuo X, Wang J, Dai L, Ren X, Tong X, Jiang L, Fang H, Fang F, Lyu J. De novo frameshift variant in MT-ND1 causes a mitochondrial complex I deficiency associated with MELAS syndrome. Gene 2023; 860:147229. [PMID: 36717040 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The variant m.3571_3572insC/MT-ND1 thus far only reported in oncocytic tumors of different tissues. However, the role of m.3571_3572insC in inherited mitochondrial diseases has yet to be elucidated. METHODS A patient diagnosed with MELAS syndrome was recruited, and detailed medical records were collected and reviewed. The muscle was biopsied for mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activity. Series of fibroblast clones bearing different m.3571_3572insC variant loads were generated from patient-derived fibroblasts and subjected to functional assays. RESULTS Complex I deficiency was confirmed in the patient's muscle via mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activity assay. The m.3571_3572insC was filtered for the candidate variant of the patient according to the guidelines for mitochondrial mRNA variants interpretation. Three cell clones with different m.3571_3572insC variant loads were generated to evaluate mitochondrial function. Blue native PAGE analysis revealed that m.3571_3572insC caused a deficiency in the mitochondrial complex I. Oxygen consumption rate, ATP production, and lactate assays found an impairment of cellular bioenergetic capacity due to m.3571_3572insC. Mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production was increased with the variant of m.3571_3572insC. According to the competitive cell growth assay, the mutant cells had impaired cell growth capacity compared to wild type. CONCLUSIONS A novel variant m.3571_3572insC was identified in a patient diagnosed with MELAS syndrome, and the variant impaired mitochondrial respiration by decreasing the activity of complex I. In conclusion, the genetic spectrum of mitochondrial diseases was expanded by including m.3571_3572insC/MT-ND1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Lou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yuwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhimei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yaojun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Luyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Suzhou Zhao
- Fujungenetics Technologies Co., Ltd, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Shuai Gong
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiuwei Zhuo
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Lifang Dai
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaotun Ren
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiao Tong
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Liangliang Jiang
- Pediatric Neurology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Hezhi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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Bakare AB, Lesnefsky EJ, Iyer S. Leigh Syndrome: A Tale of Two Genomes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:693734. [PMID: 34456746 PMCID: PMC8385445 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.693734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leigh syndrome is a rare, complex, and incurable early onset (typically infant or early childhood) mitochondrial disorder with both phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. The heterogeneous nature of this disorder, based in part on the complexity of mitochondrial genetics, and the significant interactions between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes has made it particularly challenging to research and develop therapies. This review article discusses some of the advances that have been made in the field to date. While the prognosis is poor with no current substantial treatment options, multiple studies are underway to understand the etiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology of Leigh syndrome. With advances in available research tools leading to a better understanding of the mitochondria in health and disease, there is hope for novel treatment options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajibola B. Bakare
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Physiology/Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Shilpa Iyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Shuai J, Shi J, Liang Y, Ji F, Gu L, Yuan Z. Mutational analysis of mitochondrial tRNA genes in 138 patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:865-876. [PMID: 34053002 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are the most important causes for Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Of these, three primary mtDNA mutations account for more than 90% cases of this disease. However, to date, little is known regarding the relationship between mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) variants and LHON. AIM In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between mt-tRNA variants and LHON. METHODOLOGY One hundred thirty-eight LHON patients lacking three primary mutations (ND1 3460G > A, ND4 11778Gxs > A, and ND6 14484 T > C), as well as 266 controls were enrolled in this study. PCR-Sanger sequencing was performed to screen the mt-tRNA variants. Moreover, the phylogenetic analysis, pathogenicity scoring system, as well as mitochondrial functions were performed. RESULTS We identified 8 possible pathogenic variants: tRNAPhe 593 T > C, tRNALeu(UUR) 3275C > T, tRNAGln 4363 T > C, tRNAMet 4435A > G, tRNAAla 5587 T > C, tRNAGlu 14693A > G, tRNAThr 15927G > A, and 15951A > G, which may change the structural and functional impact on the corresponding tRNAs, and subsequently lead to a failure in tRNA metabolism. Furthermore, significant reductions in mitochondrial ATP and MMP levels and an overproduction of ROS were observed in cybrid cells containing these mt-tRNA variants, suggesting that these variants may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction which was responsible for LHON. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that mt-tRNA variants were associated with LHON, and screening for mt-tRNA variants were recommended for early detection, diagnosis, and prevention of maternally inherited LHON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shuai
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ya Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fangfang Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Luo Gu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhilan Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Hayashi Y, Iwasaki Y, Yoshikura N, Yamada M, Kimura A, Inuzuka T, Miyahara H, Goto Y, Nishino I, Yoshida M, Shimohata T. Clinicopathological findings of a mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes/Leigh syndrome overlap patient with a novel m.3482A>G mutation in MT-ND1. Neuropathology 2020; 41:84-90. [PMID: 33300189 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report clinicopathological findings of a patient with mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes/Leigh syndrome (MELAS/LS) associated with a novel m.3482A>G mutation in MT-ND1. A 41-year-old woman had experienced multiple stroke-like episodes since age 16. She developed akinetic mutism two months before admission to our hospital. Neurological examination revealed akinetic mutism, bilateral deafness, and muscular atrophy. Cerebrospinal fluid tests revealed elevated pyruvate and lactate levels. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images on magnetic resonance imaging showed hyperintense areas in the right frontal and both sides of temporal and occipital lobes, both sides of the striatum, and the midbrain. Muscle biopsy revealed strongly succinate dehydrogenase-reactive blood vessels. L-arginine therapy improved her consciousness and prevented further stroke-like episodes. However, she died from aspiration pneumonia. Postmortem autopsy revealed scattered infarct-like lesions with cavitation in the cerebral cortex and necrotic lesions in the striatum and midbrain. The patient was pathologically confirmed as having MELAS/LS based on two characteristic clinicopathological findings: presenting MELAS/LS overlap phenotype and effectiveness of L-arginine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Hayashi
- Department of Neurology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasushi Iwasaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Yoshikura
- Department of Neurology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Megumi Yamada
- Department of Neurology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akio Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Inuzuka
- Department of Neurology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyahara
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yuichi Goto
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Shimohata
- Department of Neurology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Ayyub SA, Varshney U. Translation initiation in mammalian mitochondria- a prokaryotic perspective. RNA Biol 2019; 17:165-175. [PMID: 31696767 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1690099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP is generated in mitochondria of eukaryotic cells by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The OXPHOS complex, which is crucial for cellular metabolism, comprises of both nuclear and mitochondrially encoded subunits. Also, the occurrence of several pathologies because of mutations in the mitochondrial translation apparatus indicates the importance of mitochondrial translation and its regulation. The mitochondrial translation apparatus is similar to its prokaryotic counterpart due to a common origin of evolution. However, mitochondrial translation has diverged from prokaryotic translation in many ways by reductive evolution. In this review, we focus on mammalian mitochondrial translation initiation, a highly regulated step of translation, and present a comparison with prokaryotic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Ahana Ayyub
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Umesh Varshney
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
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7
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Zhong S, Wen S, Qiu Y, Yu Y, Xin L, He Y, Gao X, Fang H, Hong D, Zhang J. Bilateral striatal necrosis due to homoplasmic mitochondrial 3697G>A mutation presents with incomplete penetrance and sex bias. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e541. [PMID: 30623604 PMCID: PMC6418351 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heteroplasmic mitochondrial 3697G>A mutation has been associated with leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke‐like episodes (MELAS), and LHON/MELAS overlap syndrome. However, homoplasmic m.3697G>A mutation was only found in a family with Leigh syndrome, and the phenotype and pathogenicity of this homoplasmic mutation still need to be investigated in new patients. Methods The clinical interviews were conducted in 12 individuals from a multiple‐generation inherited family. Mutations were screened through exome next‐generation sequencing and subsequently confirmed by PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism. Mitochondrial complex activities and ATP production rate were measured by biochemical analysis. Results The male offspring with bilateral striatal necrosis (BSN) were characterized by severe spastic dystonia and complete penetrance, while the female offspring presented with mild symptom and low penetrance. All offspring carried homoplasmic mutation of NC_012920.1: m.3697G>A, p.(Gly131Ser). Biochemical analysis revealed an isolated defect of complex I, but the magnitude of the defect was higher in the male patients than that in the female ones. The ATP production rate also exhibited a similar pattern. However, no possible modifier genes on the X chromosome were identified. Conclusion Homoplasmic m.3697G>A mutation could be associated with BSN, which expanded the clinical spectrum of m.3697G>A. Our preliminary investigations had not found the underlying modifiers to support the double hit hypothesis, while the high level of estrogens in the female patients might exert a potential compensatory effect on mutant cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shumeng Wen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yusen Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling Xin
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
| | - Yang He
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuguang Gao
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hezhi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Daojun Hong
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Haplogroup Context is Less Important in the Penetrance of Mitochondrial DNA Complex I Mutations Compared to mt-tRNA Mutations. J Mol Evol 2018; 86:395-403. [PMID: 29987491 PMCID: PMC6061473 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-018-9855-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a highly complex, heterogeneous group of disorders. Mitochondrial DNA variants that are linked to disease can exhibit variable expression and penetrance. This has an implication for mitochondrial diagnostics as variants that cause disease in one individual may not in another. It has been suggested that the sequence context in which a variant arises could influence the genotype-phenotype relationship. However, the consequence of sequence variation between different haplogroups on the expression of disease is not well understood. European haplogroups are the most widely studied. To ensure accurate diagnostics for patients globally, we first need to understand how, if at all, the sequence context in which a variant arises contributes to the manifestion of disease. To help us understand this, we used 2752 sequences from 33 non-human species that do not have disease. We searched for variants in the seven complex I genes that are associated with disease in humans. Our findings indicate that only three reported pathogenic complex I variants have arisen in these species. More importantly, only one of these, m.3308T>C, has arisen with its associated amino acid change in the studied non-human species. With the status of m.3308T>C as a disease causing variant being a matter of debate. This is a stark contrast to previous findings in the mitochondrial tRNA genes and suggests that sequence context may be less important in the complex I genes. This information will help us improve the identification and diagnosis of mitochondrial DNA variants in non-European populations.
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Ayyub SA, S L A, Dobriyal D, Aluri S, Spremulli LL, Varshney U. Fidelity of translation in the presence of mammalian mitochondrial initiation factor 3. Mitochondrion 2017; 39:1-8. [PMID: 28804013 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Initiation factor 3 (IF3) is a conserved translation factor. Mutations in mitochondrial IF3 (IF3mt) have been implicated in disease pathology. Escherichia coli infCΔ55, compromised for IF3 activity, has provided an excellent heterologous system for IF3mt structure-function analysis. IF3mt allowed promiscuous initiation from AUA, AUU and ACG codons but avoided initiation with initiator tRNAs lacking the conserved 3GC pairs in their anticodon stems. Expression of IF3mt N-terminal domain, or IF3mt devoid of its typical N-, and C-terminal extensions improved fidelity of initiation in E. coli. The observations suggest that the IF3mt terminal extensions relax the fidelity of translational initiation in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Ahana Ayyub
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Aswathy S L
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Divya Dobriyal
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Srinivas Aluri
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Linda L Spremulli
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
| | - Umesh Varshney
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India.
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Ganelin Cohen E, Bessler H, Djaldetti M, Straussberg R. Cytokine Production by Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Familial Infantile Bilateral Striatal Necrosis. Neuroimmunomodulation 2017; 24:276-281. [PMID: 29510394 DOI: 10.1159/000486861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prompted by findings suggesting immune instability in infantile bilateral striatal necrosis (IBSN), we evaluated levels of proinflammatory (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, interferon [IFN]γ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and IL-1ra) cytokines produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 6 children with IBSN and 11 age-matched controls. Compared to controls, non-stimulated PBMC from the IBSN group produced a significantly lower level of IL-1ra (by 38%; p < 0.001) and significantly lower levels of TNFα, IL-1β, and IFNγ (by 36% [p < 0.001], 25% [p = 0.06], and 32% [p < 0.02]) under PBMC stimulation. The severe cachexia manifesting shortly after IBSN onset may impair the immunological state, placing patients at risk of death from hyperpyrexia and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Ganelin Cohen
- Institute of Pediatric Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hanna Bessler
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Laboratory for Immunology and Hematology Research, Rabin Medical Center - Hasharon Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Meir Djaldetti
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Laboratory for Immunology and Hematology Research, Rabin Medical Center - Hasharon Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Rachel Straussberg
- Institute of Pediatric Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Neurological Disorders Associated with Striatal Lesions: Classification and Diagnostic Approach. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2016; 16:54. [PMID: 27074771 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-016-0656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neostriatal abnormalities can be observed in a very large number of neurological conditions clinically dominated by the presence of movement disorders. The neuroradiological picture in some cases has been described as "bilateral striatal necrosis" (BSN). BSN represents a condition histo-pathologically defined by the involvement of the neostriata and characterized by initial swelling of putamina and caudates followed by degeneration and cellular necrosis. After the first description in 1975, numerous acquired and hereditary conditions have been associated with the presence of BSN. At the same time, a large number of disorders involving neostriata have been described as BSN, in some cases irrespective of the presence of signs of cavitation on MRI. As a consequence, the etiological spectrum and the nosographic boundaries of the syndrome have progressively become less clear. In this study, we review the clinical and radiological features of the conditions associated with MRI evidence of bilateral striatal lesions. Based on MRI findings, we have distinguished two groups of disorders: BSN and other neostriatal lesions (SL). This distinction is extremely helpful in narrowing the differential diagnosis to a small group of known conditions. The clinical picture and complementary exams will finally lead to the diagnosis. We provide an update on the etiological spectrum of BSN and propose a diagnostic flowchart for clinicians.
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Zhang F, Broughton RE. Heterogeneous natural selection on oxidative phosphorylation genes among fishes with extreme high and low aerobic performance. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:173. [PMID: 26306407 PMCID: PMC4549853 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the primary source of ATP in eukaryotes and serves as a mechanistic link between variation in genotypes and energetic phenotypes. While several physiological and anatomical factors may lead to increased aerobic capacity, variation in OXPHOS proteins may influence OXPHOS efficiency and facilitate adaptation in organisms with varied energy demands. Although there is evidence that natural selection acts on OXPHOS genes, the focus has been on detection of directional (positive) selection on specific phylogenetic branches where traits that increase energetic demands appear to have evolved. We examined patterns of selection in a broader evolutionary context, i.e., on multiple lineages of fishes with extreme high and low aerobic performance. Results We found that patterns of natural selection on mitochondrial OXPHOS genes are complex among fishes with different swimming performance. Positive selection is not consistently associated with high performance taxa and appears to be strongest on lineages containing low performance taxa. In contrast, within high performance lineages, purifying (negative) selection appears to predominate. Conclusions We provide evidence that selection on OXPHOS varies in both form and intensity within and among lineages through evolutionary time. These results provide evidence for fluctuating selection on OXPHOS associated with divergence in aerobic performance. However, in contrast to previous studies, positive selection was strongest on low performance taxa suggesting that adaptation of OXPHOS involves many factors beyond enhancing ATP production in high performance taxa. The broader pattern indicates a complex interplay between organismal adaptations, ATP demand, and OXPHOS function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0453-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhang
- Oklahoma Biological Survey and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 111 E Chesapeake Street, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
| | - Richard E Broughton
- Oklahoma Biological Survey and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 111 E Chesapeake Street, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
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Livingston JH, Lin JP, Dale RC, Gill D, Brogan P, Munnich A, Kurian MA, Gonzalez-Martinez V, De Goede CGEL, Falconer A, Forte G, Jenkinson EM, Kasher PR, Szynkiewicz M, Rice GI, Crow YJ. A type I interferon signature identifies bilateral striatal necrosis due to mutations inADAR1. J Med Genet 2013; 51:76-82. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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14
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Wray CD, Friederich MW, du Sart D, Pantaleo S, Smet J, Kucera C, Fenton L, Scharer G, Van Coster R, Van Hove JLK. A new mutation in MT-ND1 m.3928G>C p.V208L causes Leigh disease with infantile spasms. Mitochondrion 2013; 13:656-61. [PMID: 24063851 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
New mutations in mitochondrial DNA encoded genes of complex I are rarely reported. An infant developed Leigh disease with infantile spasms. Complex I enzyme activity was deficient and response to increasing coenzyme Q concentrations was reduced. Complex I assembly was intact. A new mutation in MT-ND1 m.3928G>C p.V208L, affecting a conserved amino acid in a critical domain, part of the coenzyme Q binding pocket, was present at high heteroplasmy. The unaffected mother did not carry measurable mutant mitochondrial DNA, but concern remained for gonadal mosaicism. Prenatal testing was possible for a subsequent sibling. The ND1 p.V208L mutation causes Leigh disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter D Wray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, 13121 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Oregon Health Sciences Center, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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15
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Guaran V, Astolfi L, Castiglione A, Simoni E, Olivetto E, Galasso M, Trevisi P, Busi M, Volinia S, Martini A. Association between idiopathic hearing loss and mitochondrial DNA mutations: a study on 169 hearing-impaired subjects. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:785-94. [PMID: 23969527 PMCID: PMC3812239 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been shown to be an important cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). In this study, we performed a clinical and genetic analysis of 169 hearing-impaired patients and some of their relatives suffering from idiopathic SNHL, both familial and sporadic. The analysis of four fragments of their mtDNA identified several polymorphisms, the well known pathogenic mutation, A1555G, and some novel mutations in different genes, implying changes in the aminoacidic sequence. A novel sporadic mutation in 12S rRNA (MT-RNR1), not previously reported in the literature, was found in a case of possible aminoglycoside-induced progressive deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Guaran
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, I-35129 Padua, Italy.
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16
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Lin J, Zhao CB, Lu JH, Wang HJ, Zhu WH, Xi JY, Lu J, Luo SS, Ma D, Wang Y, Xiao BG, Lu CZ. Novel mutations m.3959G>A and m.3995A>G in mitochondrial gene MT-ND1 associated with MELAS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 25:56-62. [PMID: 23834081 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.779259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) are progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with polygenetic, maternally inherited mutations in mitochondrial DNA. Approximately 80% of MELAS cases are caused by the mutation m.3243A>G of the mitochondrial tRNA(Leu (UUR)) gene (MT-TL1). We reported two probands with MELAS features. Muscle biopsy identified ragged-red fibers (RRF) in Gomori Trichrome staining. A respiratory chain function study showed decreased activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I in both probands. Sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA revealed two novel MT-ND1 gene missense mutations, m.3959G>A and m.3995A>G, which are highly conserved among species. Protein secondary structure predictions demonstrated that these mutations may alter the peptide structure and may lead to decreased ND1 gene stability. Our findings suggest that these two novel mutations may contribute to the MELAS phenotypes of the patients in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital
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17
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Mezghani N, Mnif M, Mkaouar-Rebai E, Kallel N, Charfi N, Abid M, Fakhfakh F. A maternally inherited diabetes and deafness patient with the 12S rRNA m.1555A>G and the ND1 m.3308T>C mutations associated with multiple mitochondrial deletions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 431:670-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Zarrouk Mahjoub S, Mehri S, Ourda F, Boussaada R, Mechmeche R, Ben Arab S, Finsterer J. Pathogenicity of the transition m.3308T>C in left ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction. Cardiology 2012; 122:116-8. [PMID: 22777278 DOI: 10.1159/000339351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Salas A, Elson JL. Raising doubts about the pathogenicity of mitochondrial DNA mutation m.3308T>C in left ventricular hypertraveculation/noncompaction. Cardiology 2012; 122:113-5. [PMID: 22777272 DOI: 10.1159/000339348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Tranah GJ, Lam ET, Katzman SM, Nalls MA, Zhao Y, Evans DS, Yokoyama JS, Pawlikowska L, Kwok PY, Mooney S, Kritchevsky S, Goodpaster BH, Newman AB, Harris TB, Manini TM, Cummings SR. Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation is associated with free-living activity energy expenditure in the elderly. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:1691-700. [PMID: 22659402 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The decline in activity energy expenditure underlies a range of age-associated pathological conditions, neuromuscular and neurological impairments, disability, and mortality. The majority (90%) of the energy needs of the human body are met by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). OXPHOS is dependent on the coordinated expression and interaction of genes encoded in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. We examined the role of mitochondrial genomic variation in free-living activity energy expenditure (AEE) and physical activity levels (PAL) by sequencing the entire (~16.5 kilobases) mtDNA from 138 Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study participants. Among the common mtDNA variants, the hypervariable region 2 m.185G>A variant was significantly associated with AEE (p=0.001) and PAL (p=0.0005) after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Several unique nonsynonymous variants were identified in the extremes of AEE with some occurring at highly conserved sites predicted to affect protein structure and function. Of interest is the p.T194M, CytB substitution in the lower extreme of AEE occurring at a residue in the Qi site of complex III. Among participants with low activity levels, the burden of singleton variants was 30% higher across the entire mtDNA and OXPHOS complex I when compared to those having moderate to high activity levels. A significant pooled variant association across the hypervariable 2 region was observed for AEE and PAL. These results suggest that mtDNA variation is associated with free-living AEE in older persons and may generate new hypotheses by which specific mtDNA complexes, genes, and variants may contribute to the maintenance of activity levels in late life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA.
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21
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Modeling mitochondrial encephalomyopathy in Drosophila. Neurobiol Dis 2010; 40:40-5. [PMID: 20472065 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are disturbingly complex and devastating diseases, reflecting the underlying importance of the affected organelle. Therapeutic approaches for these diseases remain limited due to a poor understanding of disease pathogenesis resulting largely from a lack of tractable model systems in which to study these diseases. This is especially so for disease conditions resulting from mutations directly affecting the mitochondrial genome. Recent studies using Drosophila to develop genetic models with endogenous mitochondrial mutations suggest the fruit fly will contribute significantly to our understanding of mitochondrial disease pathogenesis and the development of novel therapeutic avenues.
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22
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Iizuka T, Sakai F. Pathophysiology of stroke-like episodes in MELAS: neuron–astrocyte uncoupling in neuronal hyperexcitability. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.09.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is a distinct clinical syndrome characterized by fluctuated encephalopathy, migraineous headache, seizure and stroke-like episodes. The molecular mechanism of MELAS mutations has been elucidated; however, the pathogenesis of stroke-like episodes remains largely unknown. Three main hypotheses include ischemic, metabolic and neuronal hyperexcitability hypotheses. Recently, emerging hypotheses include alterations in nitric oxide homeostasis and over-reduction/oxidative stress mechanisms. Although neuron–astrocyte communication is crucial in various physiological functions, it has not been seriously considered in the pathophysiology of stroke-like episodes. This review summarizes what is known about the molecular mechanisms of gene mutation, clinico-radiological, clinico-physiological and pathological features of stroke-like episodes, as well as its pathogenesis. We finally discuss potential mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of stroke-like episodes based on currently available clinical data and the current understanding of the mechanisms of neuron–astrocyte communications. We propose that neuron–astrocyte uncoupling is a new target of research in mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iizuka
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sakai
- International Headache Center, Shinyurigaoka, Kanagawa, Japan
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23
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Kim IS, Ki CS, Park KJ. Pediatric-onset dystonia associated with bilateral striatal necrosis and G14459A mutation in a Korean family: a case report. J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25:180-4. [PMID: 20052369 PMCID: PMC2800009 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.1.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a Korean family presenting with pediatric-onset, progressive, generalized dystonia with bilateral striatal necrosis and the homoplasmic G14459A mutation in the mitochondrial ND6 gene. The G14459A mutation has been reported in families presenting with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) alone, LHON plus dystonia, or pediatric-onset dystonia. The proband had shown dysarthria, progressive generalized dystonia, and spasticity at 5 yr. Brain MRI demonstrated bilateral striatal necrosis. Additional investigation of family members revealed the presence of homoplasmic G14459A mutation in asymptomatic individuals. The clinical manifestation of the homoplasmic G14459A mtDNA mutation within the same family showed asymptomatic or pediatric-onset dystonia, without optic neuropathy. This study reemphasizes that the G14459A mutation is a candidate mutation for maternally inherited dystonia, regardless of optic neuropathy, and supports the hypothesis that nuclear genes may play a role in modifying the clinical expression of mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Suk Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Ki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Jong Park
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
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24
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Abstract
Treatment of mitochondrial disorders (MIDs) is a challenge since there is only symptomatic therapy available and since only few randomized and controlled studies have been carried out, which demonstrate an effect of some of the symptomatic or supportive measures available. Symptomatic treatment of MIDs is based on mainstay drugs, blood transfusions, hemodialysis, invasive measures, surgery, dietary measures, and physiotherapy. Drug treatment may be classified as specific (treatment of epilepsy, headache, dementia, dystonia, extrapyramidal symptoms, Parkinson syndrome, stroke-like episodes, or non-neurological manifestations), non-specific (antioxidants, electron donors/acceptors, alternative energy sources, cofactors), or restrictive (avoidance of drugs known to be toxic for mitochondrial functions). Drugs which more frequently than in the general population cause side effects in MID patients include steroids, propofol, statins, fibrates, neuroleptics, and anti-retroviral agents. Invasive measures include implantation of a pacemaker, biventricular pacemaker, or implantable cardioverter defibrillator, or stent therapy. Dietary measures can be offered for diabetes, hyperlipidemia, or epilepsy (ketogenic diet, anaplerotic diet). Treatment should be individualized because of the peculiarities of mitochondrial genetics. Despite limited possibilities, symptomatic treatment should be offered to MID patients, since it can have a significant impact on the course and outcome.
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25
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The role of complex I genes in MELAS: a novel heteroplasmic mutation 3380G>A in ND1 of mtDNA. Neuromuscul Disord 2008; 18:553-6. [PMID: 18590963 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
While Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is typically associated with mutations in the mitochondrial tRNA(Leu) gene, mutations in complex I subunit genes of the mtDNA have emerged as a second significant cause. Here we report a novel mutation in the mitochondrial complex I subunit gene ND1 in a patient with late-onset MELAS. The 3380G>A mutation shows very good evidence of pathogenicity as it is heteroplasmic, undetectable in controls, alters a highly conserved amino acid, and is more abundant in ragged-red than in normal muscle fibers. These findings support the significant role of complex I mutations in MELAS.
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26
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Liu Y, Li Z, Yang L, Wang S, Guan MX. The mitochondrial ND1 T3308C mutation in a Chinese family with the secondary hypertension. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 368:18-22. [PMID: 18194667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.12.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2007] [Accepted: 12/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA have been associated with hypertension. We report here the clinical, genetic, and molecular characterization of one four-generation Han Chinese family with hypertension. Two matrilineal relatives in this family exhibited the variable degree of a secondary hypertension (renal hypertension) at the age-at-onset of 42 and 56years old, respectively. Sequence analysis of the complete mitochondrial DNA in this pedigree revealed the presence of the known hypertension-associated ND1 T3308C mutation and 42 other variants, belonging to the Asian haplogroup D4h. The T3308C mutation resulted in the replacement of the first amino acid, translation-initiating methionine with a threonine in ND1. Furthermore, the ND3 T3308C mutation also locates in two nucleotides adjacent to the 3' end of mitochondrial tRNA(Leu(UUR)). Thus, this T3308C mutation caused an alteration on the processing of the H-strand polycistronic RNA precursors or the destabilization of ND1 mRNA. The occurrence of the T3308C mutation in these genetically unrelated pedigrees affected by diseases but absence of 242 Chinese controls as well as the mitochondrial dysfunctions detected in cells carrying this mutation indicate that this mutation is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. However, the mild biochemical defects, the lower penetrance of hypertension in this Chinese family and the presence of some control populations suggested the involvement of other modifier factors in the pathogenesis of hypertension associated with this ND1 T3308C mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Liu
- Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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27
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Aniello MS, Martino D, Petruzzella V, Eleopra R, Mancuso M, Dell'Aglio R, Cavallo M, Siciliano G, Defazio G. Bilateral striatal necrosis, dystonia and multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions: Case study and effect of deep brain stimulation. Mov Disord 2008; 23:114-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.21760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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28
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Chae JH, Lee JS, Kim KJ, Hwang YS, Bonilla E, Tanji K, Hirano M. A novel ND3 mitochondrial DNA mutation in three Korean children with basal ganglia lesions and complex I deficiency. Pediatr Res 2007; 61:622-4. [PMID: 17413873 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3180459f2d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders have notoriously variable clinical presentations, particularly in children. A growing number of reports describe mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded subunits of complex I (EC 1.6.5.3) causing early-onset encephalopathy. Here, we describe two Korean siblings with childhood-onset progressive generalized dystonia and one Korean child with strokelike episodes in infancy; all three had bilateral lesions of the basal ganglia and partial deficiencies of complex I. Analysis of their mtDNA revealed a novel heteroplasmic m.10197G>A mutation (A47T) in the ND3 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3) gene. This study underscores the importance of screening mtDNA-encoded respiratory chain structural genes, including ND3, in pediatric patients with unexplained encephalopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hee Chae
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA
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29
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Bokko PB, Francione L, Bandala-Sanchez E, Ahmed AU, Annesley SJ, Huang X, Khurana T, Kimmel AR, Fisher PR. Diverse cytopathologies in mitochondrial disease are caused by AMP-activated protein kinase signaling. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:1874-86. [PMID: 17332500 PMCID: PMC1855013 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-09-0881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex cytopathology of mitochondrial diseases is usually attributed to insufficient ATP. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a highly sensitive cellular energy sensor that is stimulated by ATP-depleting stresses. By antisense-inhibiting chaperonin 60 expression, we produced mitochondrially diseased strains with gene dose-dependent defects in phototaxis, growth, and multicellular morphogenesis. Mitochondrial disease was phenocopied in a gene dose-dependent manner by overexpressing a constitutively active AMPK alpha subunit (AMPKalphaT). The aberrant phenotypes in mitochondrially diseased strains were suppressed completely by antisense-inhibiting AMPKalpha expression. Phagocytosis and macropinocytosis, although energy consuming, were unaffected by mitochondrial disease and AMPKalpha expression levels. Consistent with the role of AMPK in energy homeostasis, mitochondrial "mass" and ATP levels were reduced by AMPKalpha antisense inhibition and increased by AMPKalphaT overexpression, but they were near normal in mitochondrially diseased cells. We also found that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, a pharmacological AMPK activator in mammalian cells, mimics mitochondrial disease in impairing Dictyostelium phototaxis and that AMPKalpha antisense-inhibited cells were resistant to this effect. The results show that diverse cytopathologies in Dictyostelium mitochondrial disease are caused by chronic AMPK signaling not by insufficient ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B. Bokko
- *Department of Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; and
| | - Lisa Francione
- *Department of Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; and
| | - Esther Bandala-Sanchez
- *Department of Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; and
| | - Afsar U. Ahmed
- *Department of Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; and
| | - Sarah J. Annesley
- *Department of Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; and
| | - Xiuli Huang
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | | | - Paul R. Fisher
- *Department of Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; and
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30
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Oldfors A, Tulinius M. Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2007; 86:125-165. [PMID: 18808998 DOI: 10.1016/s0072-9752(07)86006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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31
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Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is, after the peripheral nervous system, the second most frequently affected organ in mitochondrial disorders (MCDs). CNS involvement in MCDs is clinically heterogeneous, manifesting as epilepsy, stroke-like episodes, migraine, ataxia, spasticity, extrapyramidal abnormalities, bulbar dysfunction, psychiatric abnormalities, neuropsychological deficits, or hypophysial abnormalities. CNS involvement is found in syndromic and non-syndromic MCDs. Syndromic MCDs with CNS involvement include mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactacidosis, stroke-like episodes syndrome, myoclonic epilepsy and ragged red fibers syndrome, mitochondrial neuro-gastrointestinal encephalomyopathy syndrome, neurogenic muscle weakness, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa syndrome, mitochondrial depletion syndrome, Kearns-Sayre syndrome, and Leigh syndrome, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, Friedreich's ataxia, and multiple systemic lipomatosis. As CNS involvement is often subclinical, the CNS including the spinal cord should be investigated even in the absence of overt clinical CNS manifestations. CNS investigations comprise the history, clinical neurological examination, neuropsychological tests, electroencephalogram, cerebral computed tomography scan, and magnetic resonance imaging. A spinal tap is indicated if there is episodic or permanent impaired consciousness or in case of cognitive decline. More sophisticated methods are required if the CNS is solely affected. Treatment of CNS manifestations in MCDs is symptomatic and focused on epilepsy, headache, lactacidosis, impaired consciousness, confusion, spasticity, extrapyramidal abnormalities, or depression. Valproate, carbamazepine, corticosteroids, acetyl salicylic acid, local and volatile anesthetics should be applied with caution. Avoiding certain drugs is often more beneficial than application of established, apparently indicated drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria.
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32
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Abstract
The small, maternally inherited mtDNA has turned out to be a Pandora's box of pathogenic mutations: 12 years into the era of "mitochondrial medicine," about 100 pathogenic point mutations and innumerable rearrangements have been associated with a bewildering variety of multisystemic as well as tissue-specific human diseases. After reviewing the principles of mitochondrial genetics, we compare and contrast the clinical and pathological features of disorders due to mutations in genes affecting mitochondrial protein synthesis with those of mutations in protein-coding genes. In contrast to the striking progress in our understanding of etiology, pathogenesis is only partially explained by the rules of mitochondrial genetics and remains largely terra incognita. We review recent progress in prenatal diagnosis and epidemiology. Therapy is still woefully inadequate, but a number of promising approaches are being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S DiMauro
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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33
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Bai Y, Park JS, Deng JH, Li Y, Hu P. Restoration of Mitochondrial Function in Cells with Complex I Deficiency. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1042:25-35. [PMID: 15965042 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1338.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase (complex I) is the major entry point for the electron transport chain. It is the largest and most complicated respiratory complex consisting of at least 46 subunits, 7 of which are encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Deficiency in complex I function has been associated with various human diseases including neurodegenerative diseases and the aging process. To explore ways to restore mitochondrial function in complex I-deficient cells, various cell models with mutations in genes encoding subunits for complex I have been established. In this paper, we discuss various approaches to recover mitochondrial activity, the complex I activity in particular, in cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Bai
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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34
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Orcesi S, Gorni K, Termine C, Uggetti C, Veggiotti P, Carrara F, Zeviani M, Berardinelli A, Lanzi G. Bilateral putaminal necrosis associated with the mitochondrial DNA A8344G myoclonus epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERRF) mutation: an infantile case. J Child Neurol 2006; 21:79-82. [PMID: 16551460 DOI: 10.1177/08830738060210010901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Myoclonus epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERRF) is one of the major mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Its main clinical features are myoclonus epilepsy, ataxia, and myopathy with ragged red fibers. Whereas there is a close correlation between MERRF syndrome and the A8344G mutation of mitochondrial DNA, the reverse is not true. In fact, this mutation is also responsible for various other syndromes, such as Leigh syndrome, spinocerebellar degeneration, atypical Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, and multiple truncal lipomas. We describe a child with the A8344G mutation of mitochondrial DNA and an unusual clinical, neuroradiologic, and biochemical phenotype, characterized by early-onset, nonprogressive cerebellar ataxia, and subclinical myoclonias in association with bilateral putaminal necrosis on magnetic resonance imaging and a reduction in complex V activity. Our case confirms the existence of a relationship between alteration in adenosine triphosphatase activity and basal ganglia involvement. We recommend that the possibility of a mitochondrial pathology should always be taken into consideration in the presence of bilateral symmetric lesions of the basal ganglia, even when the typical clinical picture is lacking. (J Child Neurol 2006;21:79-82).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Orcesi
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Regional Referral Center for Neuromuscular Disorders in Childhood IRCCS C. Mondino Foundation, University of Pavia, Italy
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35
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Bourges I, Ramus C, Mousson de Camaret B, Beugnot R, Remacle C, Cardol P, Hofhaus G, Issartel JP. Structural organization of mitochondrial human complex I: role of the ND4 and ND5 mitochondria-encoded subunits and interaction with prohibitin. Biochem J 2005; 383:491-9. [PMID: 15250827 PMCID: PMC1133742 DOI: 10.1042/bj20040256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria-encoded ND (NADH dehydrogenase) subunits, as components of the hydrophobic part of complex I, are essential for NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity. Mutations or lack of expression of these subunits have significant pathogenic consequences in humans. However, the way these events affect complex I assembly is poorly documented. To understand the effects of particular mutations in ND subunits on complex I assembly, we studied four human cell lines: ND4 non-expressing cells, ND5 non-expressing cells, and rho degrees cells that do not express any ND subunits, in comparison with normal complex I control cells. In control cells, all the seven analysed nuclear-encoded complex I subunits were found to be attached to the mitochondrial inner membrane, except for the 24 kDa subunit, which was nearly equally partitioned between the membranes and the matrix. Absence of a single ND subunit, or even all the seven ND subunits, caused no major changes in the nuclear-encoded complex I subunit content of mitochondria. However, in cells lacking ND4 or ND5, very low amounts of 24 kDa subunit were found associated with the membranes, whereas most of the other nuclear-encoded subunits remained attached. In contrast, membrane association of most of the nuclear subunits was significantly reduced in the absence of all seven ND proteins. Immunopurification detected several subcomplexes. One of these, containing the 23, 30 and 49 kDa subunits, also contained prohibitin. This is the first description of prohibitin interaction with complex I subunits and suggests that this protein might play a role in the assembly or degradation of mitochondrial complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Bourges
- *UMR 5090 CNRS-DRDC, CEA Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Claire Ramus
- †ERIT-M 0201 INSERM-DRDC, CEA Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | | | - Réjane Beugnot
- *UMR 5090 CNRS-DRDC, CEA Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Claire Remacle
- §Genetics of Microorganisms, Department of Life Sciences B22, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- §Genetics of Microorganisms, Department of Life Sciences B22, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Götz Hofhaus
- ∥Institut für Biochemie und Biologisch-Medizinisches Forschungszentrum, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean-Paul Issartel
- *UMR 5090 CNRS-DRDC, CEA Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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36
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WADA K, YOKOHAMA M. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA protein-coding region in the Yeso Sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis). Anim Sci J 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2004.00189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Kong QP, Yao YG, Sun C, Zhu CL, Zhong L, Wang CY, Cai WW, Xu XM, Xu AL, Zhang YP. Phylogeographic analysis of mitochondrial DNA haplogroup F2 in China reveals T12338C in the initiation codon of the ND5 gene not to be pathogenic. J Hum Genet 2004; 49:414-423. [PMID: 15278763 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-004-0170-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2004] [Accepted: 05/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we studied on a homoplasmic T12338C change in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which substituted methionine in the translational initiation codon of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 gene ( ND5) with threonine. This nucleotide change was originally identified in two mtDNAs belonging to haplogroup F2 by our previous complete sequencing of 48 mtDNAs. Since then, a total of 76 F2 mtDNAs have been identified by the variations occurring in the hypervariable segments and coding regions among more than 3,000 individuals across China. As the T12338C change was detected in 32 samples representing various sub-clades of the F2 haplogroup while not in 14 non-F2 controls, we believe that the T12338C change is specific to the F2 haplogroup. As F2 and its sub-clades were widely distributed in normal individuals of various Chinese populations, we conclude that T12338C is not pathogenic. In addition, based on the average distribution frequency, haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of haplogroup F2 in the populations across China, the T12338C nucleotide substitution seems to have been occurred in north China about 42,000 years ago. Our results provided a good paradigm for distinguishing a polymorphic change from a pathogenic mutation based on mtDNA phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Peng Kong
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution, and Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution, and Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Chang Sun
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution, and Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Chun-Ling Zhu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution, and Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Li Zhong
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Cheng-Ye Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution, and Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Wang-Wei Cai
- Department of Biochemistry, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xiang-Min Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, First Military Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - An-Long Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution, and Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
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38
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Dubot A, Godinot C, Dumur V, Sablonnière B, Stojkovic T, Cuisset JM, Vojtiskova A, Pecina P, Jesina P, Houstek J. GUG is an efficient initiation codon to translate the human mitochondrial ATP6 gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 313:687-93. [PMID: 14697245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A maternally inherited and practically homoplasmic mitochondrial (mtDNA) mutation, 8527A>G, changing the initiation codon AUG into GUG, normally coding for a valine, was observed in the ATP6 gene encoding the ATPase subunit a. No alternate Met codon could replace the normal translational initiator. The patient harboring this mutation exhibited clinical symptoms suggesting a mitochondrial disease but his mother who carried the same mtDNA mutation was healthy. The mutation was absent from 100 controls and occurred once amongst 44 patients suspected of Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) but devoid of typical LHON mutations. In patient fibroblasts, no effect of 8527A>G mutation could be demonstrated on the biosynthesis of mtDNA-encoded proteins, on size and the content of ATPase subunit a, on ATP hydrolysis and on mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, ATP synthesis was barely decreased. Therefore, GUG is a functional initiation codon for the human ATP6 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dubot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard de Lyon I, 69622 Villeurbanne France
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39
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Sakuta R, Honzawa S, Murakami N, Goto Y, Nagai T. Atypical MELAS associated with mitochondrial tRNA(Lys) gene A8296G mutation. Pediatr Neurol 2002; 27:397-400. [PMID: 12504210 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-8994(02)00456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report on a unique patient with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) presenting optic atrophy, cardiomyopathy, and bilateral striatal necrosis before stoke-like episodes became apparent. Skeletal muscle total mitochondrial DNA analysis identified a heteroplasmic A to G point mutation in the tRNA(Lys) gene at position 8296. Skeletal muscle pathology revealed typical MELAS findings, including ragged-red fibers cytochrome c oxidase positive strongly succinate dehydrogenase-reactive blood vessels. Recent reports describe the 8296 mutation identified in patients with diabetes mellitus or myoclonus epilepsy with ragged-red fibers, not MELAS. We conclude that the 8296 mutation is likely to be pathogenic and that it may be not only a mutation responsible for diabetes mellitus or myoclonus epilepsy with ragged-red fibers but also for MELAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Sakuta
- Department of Pediatrics, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Saitama, Japan
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40
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Abstract
Variation in hypervariable region I (HVR-I) and mutations in coding areas of mtDNA were studied in 257 patients of sudden infant death caused by infections, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and borderline SIDS and in a control group of 102 living infants. Nine different point mutations were detected in the coding areas investigated: T3290C, T3308C, T3308G (three patients), A9299G (two patients), G9300A (two patients), T10034C (nine patients), A10042T, C10043T, and A10044G. An association was found between a high number of HVR-I substitutions and potentially pathogenic mtDNA point mutations in coding areas (P = 0.024, odds ratio = 1.3). The mean number of substitutions in HVR-I was 3.28 in the infectious death group, 2.63 in the borderline SIDS group, 2.58 in the SIDS group, and 2.02 in the control group (P = 0.005). In coding areas, 11.1% of the infectious death patients had a mutation, and the same was true for 9.8% of the borderline SIDS patients, 5.6% of the SIDS patients, and 2.9% of the control subjects (P = 0.21). The results indicate that increased levels of HVR-I substitutions may be an indicator of mtDNA instability. Furthermore, mtDNA mutations may play a role in some patients with sudden unexpected infant death that was unexplained or thought to be caused by infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri H Opdal
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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41
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Abstract
The small, maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has turned out to be a hotbed of pathogenic mutations: 13 years into the era of "mitochondrial medicine", over 100 pathogenic point mutations and countless rearrangements have been associated with a variety of multisystemic or tissue-specific human diseases. MtDNA-related disorders can be divided into two major groups: those due to mutations in genes affecting mitochondrial protein synthesis in toto and those due to mutations in specific protein-coding genes. Pathogenesis is only partially explained by the rules of mitochondrial genetics and remains largely uncharted territory. Therapy is still woefully inadequate, but a number of promising approaches are being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S DiMauro
- Department of Neurology, 4-420 Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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42
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Abstract
The mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders associated with impaired oxidative phosphorylation. Patients may exhibit a wide range of clinical symptoms and experience significant morbidity and mortality. There is currently no curative treatment. At present the majority of genetically defined mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA. The underlying molecular mechanisms and the complex relationship between genotype and phenotype in these mitochondrial DNA diseases remain only partially understood. We describe the key features of mitochondrial DNA genetics and outline some of the common disease phenotypes associated with mtDNA defects. A classification of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA point mutations which may have therapeutic implications is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pulkes
- Muscle and Neurogenetics Sections, University Department of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK
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43
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Taylor RW, Singh-Kler R, Hayes CM, Smith PE, Turnbull DM. Progressive mitochondrial disease resulting from a novel missense mutation in the mitochondrial DNA ND3 gene. Ann Neurol 2001; 50:104-7. [PMID: 11456298 DOI: 10.1002/ana.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We describe a 42-year-old man who presented with a progressive history of epilepsy, stroke-like episodes, bilateral optic atrophy, and cognitive decline. Investigation of his muscle biopsy revealed a specific defect in complex I activity. Subsequent analysis of the mitochondrial genome identified a novel heteroplasmic T10191C mutation in the ND3 gene. The mutation was present at lower levels in blood from the patient and unaffected maternal relatives and is the first pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutation in the ND3 gene to be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Taylor
- Department of Neurology, The Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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44
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Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders with widely varying clinical features, due to defects in mitochondrial function. Involvement of both muscle and nerve is common in mitochondrial disease. In some cases, this involvement is subclinical or a minor part of a multisystem disorder, but myopathy and neuropathy are a major, often presenting, feature of a number of mitochondrial syndromes. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role in a number of classic neuromuscular diseases. This article reviews the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in neuromuscular disease and discusses a rational approach to diagnosis and treatment of patients presenting with a neuromuscular syndrome due to mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Nardin
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institute of Medicine, Rm 858, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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45
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Fernández-Moreno MA, Bornstein B, Campos Y, Arenas J, Garesse R. The pathogenic role of point mutations affecting the translational initiation codon of mitochondrial genes. Mol Genet Metab 2000; 70:238-40. [PMID: 10924280 DOI: 10.1006/mgme.2000.3005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mutation T3308C results in a Met --> Thr change at the highly conserved amino acid position 1 of the mtDNA ND1 gene (M1T). To study its potential pathogenic effect we have carried out a combination of mitochondrial protein synthesis and Northern and Western analyses. Our data demonstrate that M1T mutation does not affect the efficiency of the synthesis of the ND1 polypeptide and suggest that any codon specifying methionine located close to the 5' end of mitochondrial mRNAs may be used as translational initiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Fernández-Moreno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
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46
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Rocha H, Flores C, Campos Y, Arenas J, Vilarinho L, Santorelli FM, Torroni A. About the "Pathological" role of the mtDNA T3308C mutationellipsis. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 65:1457-9. [PMID: 10521313 PMCID: PMC1288299 DOI: 10.1086/302641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Rocha
- Unidade de Biologia Clínica, Instituto de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães, Porto, Portugal; Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario “12 de Octubre,” Madrid; Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, and Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” Rome; and Istituto di Chimica Biologica, Università di Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Carlos Flores
- Unidade de Biologia Clínica, Instituto de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães, Porto, Portugal; Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario “12 de Octubre,” Madrid; Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, and Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” Rome; and Istituto di Chimica Biologica, Università di Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Yolanda Campos
- Unidade de Biologia Clínica, Instituto de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães, Porto, Portugal; Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario “12 de Octubre,” Madrid; Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, and Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” Rome; and Istituto di Chimica Biologica, Università di Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Unidade de Biologia Clínica, Instituto de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães, Porto, Portugal; Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario “12 de Octubre,” Madrid; Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, and Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” Rome; and Istituto di Chimica Biologica, Università di Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Laura Vilarinho
- Unidade de Biologia Clínica, Instituto de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães, Porto, Portugal; Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario “12 de Octubre,” Madrid; Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, and Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” Rome; and Istituto di Chimica Biologica, Università di Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Filippo M. Santorelli
- Unidade de Biologia Clínica, Instituto de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães, Porto, Portugal; Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario “12 de Octubre,” Madrid; Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, and Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” Rome; and Istituto di Chimica Biologica, Università di Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Antonio Torroni
- Unidade de Biologia Clínica, Instituto de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães, Porto, Portugal; Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario “12 de Octubre,” Madrid; Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, and Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza,” Rome; and Istituto di Chimica Biologica, Università di Urbino, Urbino, Italy
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47
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Andreu AL, Tanji K, Bruno C, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Sue CM, Jay C, Ohnishi T, Shanske S, Bonilla E, DiMauro S. Exercise intolerance due to a nonsense mutation in the mtDNA ND4 gene. Ann Neurol 1999; 45:820-3. [PMID: 10360780 DOI: 10.1002/1531-8249(199906)45:6<820::aid-ana22>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report the first molecular defect in an NADH-dehydrogenase gene presenting as isolated myopathy. The proband had lifelong exercise intolerance but no weakness. A muscle biopsy showed cytochrome c oxidase (COX)-positive ragged-red fibers (RRFs), and analysis of the mitochondrial enzymes revealed complex I deficiency. Sequence analysis of the mitochondrial genes encoding the seven NADH-dehydrogenase subunits showed a G-to-A transition at nucleotide 11832 in the subunit 4 (ND4) gene, which changed an encoded tryptophan to a stop codon. The mutation was heteroplasmic (54%) in muscle DNA. Defects in mitochondrially encoded complex I subunits should be added to the differential diagnosis of mitochondrial myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Andreu
- H. Houston Merritt Center for Muscular Dystrophy and Related Diseases, Department of Neurology, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
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48
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Morgan-Hughes JA, Hanna MG. Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies: the enigma of genotype versus phenotype. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1410:125-45. [PMID: 10076022 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(98)00162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade a large body of evidence has accumulated implicating defects of human mitochondrial DNA in the pathogenesis of a group of disorders known collectively as the mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Although impaired oxidative phosphorylation is likely to represent the final common pathway leading to cellular dysfunction in these diseases, fundamental issues still remain elusive. Perhaps the most challenging of these is to understand the mechanisms which underlie the complex relationship between genotype and phenotype. Here we examine this relationship and discuss some of the factors which are likely to be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Morgan-Hughes
- University Department of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1H 3BG, UK
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49
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Vilarinho L, Chorão R, Cardoso ML, Rocha H, Nogueira C, Santorelli FM. The ND1 T3308C mutation may be a mtDNA polymorphism. Report of two Portuguese patients. J Inherit Metab Dis 1999; 22:90-1. [PMID: 10070626 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005471904710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Vilarinho
- Department of Clinical Biology, Instituto de Genética Médica, Porto, Portugal.
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50
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Howell N. Human mitochondrial diseases: answering questions and questioning answers. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1998; 186:49-116. [PMID: 9770297 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the first identification in 1988 of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, the mitochondrial diseases have emerged as a major clinical entity. The most striking feature of these disorders is their marked heterogeneity, which extends to their clinical, biochemical, and genetic characteristics. The major mitochondrial encephalomyopathies include MELAS (mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes), MERRF (myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers), KSS/CPEO (Kearns-Sayre syndrome/chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia), and NARP/MILS (neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosum/maternally inherited Leigh syndrome) and they typically present highly variable multisystem defects that usually involve abnormalities of skeletal muscle and/or the CNS. The primary emphasis here is to review recent investigations of these mitochondrial diseases from the standpoint of how the complexities of mitochondrial genetics and biogenesis might determine their varied features. In addition, the mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are compared and contrasted to Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, a mitochondrial disease in which the pathogenic mtDNA mutations produce a more uniform and focal neuropathology. All of these disorders involve, at some level, a mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction. Because mitochondrial genetics differs so strikingly from the Mendelian inheritance of chromosomes, recent research on the origin and subsequent segregation and transmission of mtDNA mutations is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Howell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555, USA.
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