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Yang J, Tang J, He X, Di R, Zhang X, Zhang J, Guo X, Hu W, Chu M. Key mRNAs and lncRNAs of pituitary that affect the reproduction of FecB + + small tail han sheep. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:392. [PMID: 38649819 PMCID: PMC11034058 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pituitary directly regulates the reproductive process through follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Transcriptomic research on the pituitaries of ewes with different FecB (fecundity Booroola) genotypes has shown that some key genes and lncRNAs play an important role in pituitary function and sheep fecundity. Our previous study found that ewes with FecB + + genotypes (without FecB mutation) still had individuals with more than one offspring per birth. It is hoped to analyze this phenomenon from the perspective of the pituitary transcriptome. RESULTS The 12 Small Tail Han Sheep were equally divided into polytocous sheep in the follicular phase (PF), polytocous sheep in the luteal phase (PL), monotocous sheep in the follicular phase (MF), and monotocous sheep in the luteal phase (ML). Pituitary tissues were collected after estrus synchronous treatment for transcriptomic analysis. A total of 384 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (182 in PF vs. MF and 202 in PL vs. ML) and 844 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) (427 in PF vs. MF and 417 in PL vs. ML) were obtained from the polytocous-monotocous comparison groups in the two phases. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs in the two phases were enriched in signaling pathways known to play an important role in sheep fecundity, such as calcium ion binding and cAMP signaling pathways. A total of 1322 target relationship pairs (551 pairs in PF vs. MF and 771 pairs in PL vs. ML) were obtained for the target genes prediction of DELs, of which 29 DEL-DEG target relationship pairs (nine pairs in PF vs. MF and twenty pairs in PL vs. ML). In addition, the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed to explore the regulatory relationships of DEGs, and some important regulatory relationship pairs were obtained. CONCLUSION According to the analysis results, we hypothesized that the pituitary first receives steroid hormone signals from the ovary and uterus and that VAV3 (Vav Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 3), GABRG1 (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid A Receptor, Gamma 1), and FNDC1 (Fibronectin Type III Domain Containing 1) played an important role in this process. Subsequently, the reproductive process was regulated by gonadotropins, and IGFBP1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1) was directly involved in this process, ultimately affecting litter size. In addition, TGIF1 (Transforming Growth Factor-Beta-Induced Factor 1) and TMEFF2 (Transmembrane Protein With EGF Like And Two Follistatin Like Domains 2) compensated for the effect of the FecB mutation and function by acting on TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway, an important pathway for sheep reproduction. These results provided a reference for understanding the mechanism of multiple births in Small Tail Han Sheep without FecB mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jishun Tang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 230031, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Di
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Breeding and Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Animal Healthy Farming, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 300381, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Breeding and Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Animal Healthy Farming, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 300381, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Breeding and Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Animal Healthy Farming, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 300381, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 100193, Beijing, China.
| | - Mingxing Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 100193, Beijing, China.
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Nie X, Gao L, Zheng M, Wang S, Wang C, Li X, Liu O, Gou R, Liu J, Lin B. ST14 interacts with TMEFF1 and is a predictor of poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:330. [PMID: 38468232 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
TMEFF1 is a new protein involved in the physiological functions of the central nervous system, and we previously reported TMEFF1 can promote ovarian cancer. ST14 was determined to be involved in the processes of epidermal differentiation, epithelial cell integrity, and vascular endothelial cell migration, etc. The relationship between ST14 and TMEFF1 in the ovary remains unknown. In this study, we detected the expression of ST14 and TMEFF1 in 130 different ovarian cancer tissues through immunohistochemistry. We determined ST14 and TMEFF1 were highly expressed in ovarian cancer, indicating a higher degree of tumor malignancy and a worse prognosis. Tissues significantly expressing ST14 also highly expressed TMEFF1, and the expression of the two proteins was positively correlated. Consistently, immunofluorescence double staining demonstrated the co-localization of ST14 and TMEFF1 in the same region, and immunoprecipitation confirmed the interaction between ST14 and TMEFF1. TMEFF1 expression was also reduced after knocking down ST14 through Western blot. MTT, wound healing and Transwell assays results determined that knockdown of ST14 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells in vitro, but the inhibitory effect was restored after adding TMEFF1 exogenous protein. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways analysis showed that ST14 and its related genes were enriched in the processes of epithelial formation, intercellular adhesion, protein localization, and mitosis regulation. We also clarified the kinase, microRNA, and transcription factor target networks and the impact of genetic mutations on prognosis. Overall, high expression of ST14 and TMEFF1 in ovarian cancer predicts higher tumor malignancy and a worse prognosis. ST14 and TMEFF1 co-localize and interact with each other in ovarian cancer. ST14 can regulate TMEFF1 expression to promote proliferation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. We speculate that the relationship between ST14 and TMEFF1 in ovarian cancer could become a potential target for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Road, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingling Gao
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingjun Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Central Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- West China Second University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Road, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Ouxuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Road, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Gou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Road, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Road, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Bei Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Road, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.
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Basu D, Pal R, Sarkar M, Barma S, Halder S, Roy H, Nandi S, Samadder A. To Investigate Growth Factor Receptor Targets and Generate Cancer Targeting Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2023; 23:2877-2972. [PMID: 38164722 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266261150231110053650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) regulates multiple pathways, including Mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs), PI3/AKT, JAK/STAT pathway, etc. which has a significant role in the progression and metastasis of tumor. As RTK activation regulates numerous essential bodily processes, including cell proliferation and division, RTK dysregulation has been identified in many types of cancers. Targeting RTK is a significant challenge in cancer due to the abnormal upregulation and downregulation of RTK receptors subfamily EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, and HGFR in the progression of cancer, which is governed by multiple RTK receptor signalling pathways and impacts treatment response and disease progression. In this review, an extensive focus has been carried out on the normal and abnormal signalling pathways of EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, and HGFR and their association with cancer initiation and progression. These are explored as potential therapeutic cancer targets and therefore, the inhibitors were evaluated alone and merged with additional therapies in clinical trials aimed at combating global cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debroop Basu
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Riya Pal
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, IndiaIndia
| | - Maitrayee Sarkar
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Soubhik Barma
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sumit Halder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Harekrishna Roy
- Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Vijayawada, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur, 244713, India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
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Noborn F, Nilsson J, Larson G. Site-specific glycosylation of proteoglycans: a revisited frontier in proteoglycan research. Matrix Biol 2022; 111:289-306. [PMID: 35840015 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs), a class of carbohydrate-modified proteins, are present in essentially all metazoan organisms investigated to date. PGs are composed of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains attached to various core proteins and are important for embryogenesis and normal homeostasis. PGs exert many of their functions via their GAG chains and understanding the details of GAG-ligand interactions has been an essential part of PG research. Although PGs are also involved in many diseases, the number of GAG-related drugs used in the clinic is yet very limited, indicating a lack of detailed structure-function understanding. Structural analysis of PGs has traditionally been obtained by first separating the GAG chains from the core proteins, after which the two components are analyzed separately. While this strategy greatly facilitates the analysis, it precludes site-specific information and introduces either a "GAG" or a "core protein" perspective on the data interpretation. Mass-spectrometric (MS) glycoproteomic approaches have recently been introduced, providing site-specific information on PGs. Such methods have revealed a previously unknown structural complexity of the GAG linkage regions and resulted in identification of several novel CSPGs and HSPGs in humans and in model organisms, thereby expanding our view on PG complexity. In light of these findings, we discuss here if the use of such MS-based techniques, in combination with various functional assays, can also be used to expand our functional understanding of PGs. We have also summarized the site-specific information of all human PGs known to date, providing a theoretical framework for future studies on site-specific functional analysis of PGs in human pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Noborn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sundsvall County Hospital, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Larson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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El-Gamal MI, Mewafi NH, Abdelmotteleb NE, Emara MA, Tarazi H, Sbenati RM, Madkour MM, Zaraei SO, Shahin AI, Anbar HS. A Review of HER4 (ErbB4) Kinase, Its Impact on Cancer, and Its Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:7376. [PMID: 34885957 PMCID: PMC8659013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HER4 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is required for the evolution of normal body systems such as cardiovascular, nervous, and endocrine systems, especially the mammary glands. It is activated through ligand binding and activates MAPKs and PI3K/AKT pathways. HER4 is commonly expressed in many human tissues, both adult and fetal. It is important to understand the role of HER4 in the treatment of many disorders. Many studies were also conducted on the role of HER4 in tumors and its tumor suppressor function. Mostly, overexpression of HER4 kinase results in cancer development. In the present article, we reviewed the structure, location, ligands, physiological functions of HER4, and its relationship to different cancer types. HER4 inhibitors reported mainly from 2016 to the present were reviewed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I. El-Gamal
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (N.H.M.); (N.E.A.); (M.A.E.); (H.T.)
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.S.); (M.M.M.); (S.-O.Z.); (A.I.S.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nada H. Mewafi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (N.H.M.); (N.E.A.); (M.A.E.); (H.T.)
| | - Nada E. Abdelmotteleb
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (N.H.M.); (N.E.A.); (M.A.E.); (H.T.)
| | - Minnatullah A. Emara
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (N.H.M.); (N.E.A.); (M.A.E.); (H.T.)
| | - Hamadeh Tarazi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (N.H.M.); (N.E.A.); (M.A.E.); (H.T.)
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.S.); (M.M.M.); (S.-O.Z.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Rawan M. Sbenati
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.S.); (M.M.M.); (S.-O.Z.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Moustafa M. Madkour
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.S.); (M.M.M.); (S.-O.Z.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Seyed-Omar Zaraei
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.S.); (M.M.M.); (S.-O.Z.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Afnan I. Shahin
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.S.); (M.M.M.); (S.-O.Z.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Hanan S. Anbar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai 19099, United Arab Emirates
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Nie X, Gao L, Zheng M, Wang C, Wang S, Li X, Qi Y, Zhu L, Liu J, Lin B. Overexpression of TMEFF1 in Endometrial Carcinoma and the Mechanism Underlying its Promotion of Malignant Behavior in Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2021; 12:5772-5788. [PMID: 34475991 PMCID: PMC8408118 DOI: 10.7150/jca.58524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although tomoregulin-1 (TMEFF1) is involved in embryonic development and central nervous system regulation and is a cancer suppressor gene in brain cancers, its role in endometrial carcinoma remains unclear. Methods: The expression and prognostic value of TMEFF1 were analyzed by bioinformatics methods and immunohistochemistry. An endometrial carcinoma cell line with low expression of TMEFF1 was constructed. Scratch and Transwell assays were used to determine the effect of TMEFF1 on cell invasion and migration. Changes in key proteins in the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways and in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins were analyzed using western blot. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) was performed to identify whether the TMEFF1 promoter region binds to the transcription factor p53. Results: TMEFF1 was significantly upregulated in endometrial carcinoma, was closely associated with FIGO stage (P=0.021) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.029), and was an independent risk factor for prognosis (P=0.044). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed that TMEFF1 and its related genes are involved in the cell cycle, regulation of mitosis, epigenetics, neural development, cell biological signal transduction and some key signal pathways. We also identified kinases, microRNAs and a transcription factor network related to TMEFF1 and the effect of TMEFF1 mutation on prognosis. In vitro knockdown of TMEFF1 significantly inhibited cell invasion and migration. Knockdown of TMEFF1 inhibited Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activation of the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. However, the transcription factor p53 was not found to regulate the TMEFF1 gene. Conclusion: TMEFF1 plays an important role in endometrial carcinoma and may thus be a potential anticancer therapeutic target for endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Nie
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingling Gao
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingjun Zheng
- University Hospital, LMU Munich, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Munich, Germany
| | - Caixia Wang
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Liancheng Zhu
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Bei Lin
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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Alabiad MA, Harb OA, Hefzi N, Ahmed RZ, Osman G, Shalaby AM, Alnemr AAA, Saraya YS. Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of TMEFF2, SMOC-2, and SOX17 expression in endometrial carcinoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 122:104670. [PMID: 34339705 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background there is a need for novel biomarkers and targeting therapies for predicting Endometrial carcinoma (EC) progression and recurrence. TMEFF2 is a gene that was found to play a role in EMT. SMOC-2 is expressed in embryogenesis and it was identified as a recent stem cell-related gene that has a role in cancer progression. SRY-box 17 (SOX17) is a member of the SRY-related HMG-box (SOX) family of transcription factors. Dysregulation or downregulation of SOX17 expression was found in many cancer tissues. AIM In the present study, we aimed to assess the tissue protein expressions of TMEFF2, SMOC-2, and SOX17 in EC using immunohistochemistry to evaluate their clinicopathological values and prognostic roles in EC patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is prospective cohort study included 120 patients with EC. Sections from 120 paraffin blocks were retrieved and stained with TMEFF2, SMOC-2, and SOX17 using immunohistochemistry, the expression of markers in all tissue samples was assessed, analyzed and correlation of pathological parameters with the levels of expression was done. All patients were followed up till death or till the last known alive data for about 50 months (range from 25 to 60). RESULTS TMEFF2, SMOC-2 expression was correlated with the presence of lymph node metastases (p = 0.023), distant metastasis (p = 0.039) recurrence of the tumor after successful therapy, overall survival, and disease-free survival (p < 0.001). SOX17 positive expression was positively correlated with low grade (p = 0.019), absence of lymph node metastasis (p = 0.001), absence of distant metastasis (p = 0.013), low stage (p = 0.03), and its negative expression was positively correlated with recurrence of the tumor after successful therapy, overall survival and disease-free survival (p = 0.001). In conclusion, we demonstrated that both TMEFF2 and SMOC-2 were highly expressed in EC and were associated with a shortened survival rate, dismal outcome, and poor prognosis in EC patients. While SOX17 expression was related to a favorable outcome and its down-regulation was associated with dismal EC patient's survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ali Alabiad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Ola A Harb
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nabila Hefzi
- Department of Clinical Oncology& Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rham Z Ahmed
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Gamal Osman
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amany Mohamed Shalaby
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amr Abd-Almohsen Alnemr
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasser S Saraya
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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8
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Masood M, Grimm S, El-Bahrawy M, Yagüe E. TMEFF2: A Transmembrane Proteoglycan with Multifaceted Actions in Cancer and Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123862. [PMID: 33371267 PMCID: PMC7766544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We recently came across an intriguing protein while screening for tumour-specific apoptosis inducers. It is known as the transmembrane protein with an EGF-like and two Follistatin-like domains 2 (TMEFF2). The gene was identified and characterized by five different groups almost simultaneously around 2000. Physiological function of TMEFF2 is elusive; however, the protein is reported to be involved in wide-ranging physiological and pathological functions including neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s diseases, interferon induction and one-carbon metabolism. Moreover, the TMEFF2 promoter and 5′-upstream regions harbour a CpG island which is progressively methylated upon progression in a wide variety of cancers. Numerous primary publications suggest the methylation of TMEFF2 as a prognostic and even diagnostic marker in different cancers. The primary literature regarding TMEFF2 is distributed far and wide, and despite having more than 150 primary publications mentioning TMEFF2 (or its aliases) in the title or abstract on PubMed, a comprehensive literature review is not available. We believe the reason behind this is firstly the sheer diversity of subjects of these publications and secondly the numerous primary publications reporting contradictory information about TMEFF2, especially when it comes to its oncogenic versus the onco-suppressive roles. The interest in TMEFF2 is growing again; PubMed returning at least 60 publications mentioning TMEFF2 (or its aliases) within the last year. We have made a laborious effort and written a comprehensive review article on TMEFF2 where we have not only compiled and contextualized the information regarding it but also critically analysed the information in the major primary publications. In addition, we have proposed some answers to the apparent TMEFF2 disagreements on its function. This information could serve as a valuable tool for readers not only about TMEFF2 but also on the dual role of type-I transmembrane proteoglycans (harbouring Follistatin-like domains) in oncogenesis and onco-suppression. Abstract Transmembrane protein with an EGF-like and two Follistatin-like domains 2 (TMEFF2) is a 374-residue long type-I transmembrane proteoglycan which is proteolytically shed from the cell surface. The protein is involved in a range of functions including metabolism, neuroprotection, apoptosis, embryonic development, onco-suppression and endocrine function. TMEFF2 is methylated in numerous cancers, and an inverse correlation with the stage, response to therapy and survival outcome has been observed. Moreover, TMEFF2 methylation increases with breast, colon and gastric cancer progression. TMEFF2 is methylated early during oncogenesis in breast and colorectal cancer, and the detection of methylated free-circulating TMEFF2 DNA has been suggested as a potential diagnostic tool. The TMEFF2 downregulation signature equals and sometimes outperforms the Gleason and pathological scores in prostate cancer. TMEFF2 is downregulated in glioma and cotricotropinomas, and it impairs the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone in glioma cells. Interestingly, through binding the amyloid β protein, its precursor and derivatives, TMEFF2 provides neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s disease. Despite undergoing extensive investigation over the last two decades, the primary literature regarding TMEFF2 is incoherent and offers conflicting information, in particular, the oncogenic vs. onco-suppressive role of TMEFF2 in prostate cancer. For the first time, we have compiled, contextualised and critically analysed the vast body of TMEFF2-related literature and answered the apparent discrepancies regarding its function, tissue expression, intracellular localization and oncogenic vs. onco-suppressive role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motasim Masood
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Stefan Grimm
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Correspondence: (M.E.-B.); (E.Y.); Tel.: +44-(0)77-7157-4968 (M.E.B.); +44-(0)20-7594-2802 (E.Y.)
| | - Ernesto Yagüe
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
- Correspondence: (M.E.-B.); (E.Y.); Tel.: +44-(0)77-7157-4968 (M.E.B.); +44-(0)20-7594-2802 (E.Y.)
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Elahi A, Ajidahun A, Hendrick L, Getun I, Humphries LA, Hernandez J, Shibata D. HPP1 Ectodomain Shedding is Mediated by ADAM17 and is Necessary for Tumor Suppression in Colon Cancer. J Surg Res 2020; 254:183-190. [PMID: 32450419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperplastic polyposis protein 1 (HPP1) encodes a tumor-suppressive transmembrane cleavable epidermal growth factor-like ligand. It is unclear as to whether cleavage and shedding of HPP1 are essential steps in achieving its tumor suppressive properties. ADAM proteins are key players in cellular ectodomain shedding processes with ADAM17 being well characterized and representing the most likely sheddase for HPP1. In this study, we explore the mechanisms and importance of ectodomain shedding in contributing to HPP1-mediated tumor suppression. METHODS Baseline characterization of HPP1 ectodomain shedding and ADAM family member expression was performed in HCT116 colon cancer cells with forced overexpression of HPP1 and controls. Subsequent impact of attenuation of ADAM expression by short interfering RNA on HPP1 shedding was evaluated. Furthermore, we examined the functional impact of an uncleavable HPP1 mutant construct (HPP1-Δstalk) generated by site-directed mutagenesis. Cellular growth potential functions were analyzed by MTT and soft agar assays. RESULTS Select proinflammatory cytokines enhanced HPP1 ectodomain shedding, whereas short interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of ADAM17 resulted in abrogation of HPP1 ectodomain shedding. ADAM17 knockdown concomitantly resulted in increased cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. HPP1-Δstalk-transfected cells exhibited significantly higher proliferation and reduced STAT1 activation relative to full-length HPP1, further suggesting a critical role for ectodomain shedding in HPP1-mediated tumor suppression. CONCLUSION The tumor-suppressive properties of HPP1 in colorectal cancer require cleavage and shedding of its ectodomain which in turn are mediated by ADAM17. Further investigations into the regulation of HPP1 may lead to a greater understanding of epidermal growth factor-like ligand family biology and potential novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Elahi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida; Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Abidemi Ajidahun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida; Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Leah Hendrick
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Irina Getun
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Leigh Ann Humphries
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - David Shibata
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida; Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
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Ledonne A, Mercuri NB. On the Modulatory Roles of Neuregulins/ErbB Signaling on Synaptic Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010275. [PMID: 31906113 PMCID: PMC6981567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuregulins (NRGs) are a family of epidermal growth factor-related proteins, acting on tyrosine kinase receptors of the ErbB family. NRGs play an essential role in the development of the nervous system, since they orchestrate vital functions such as cell differentiation, axonal growth, myelination, and synapse formation. They are also crucially involved in the functioning of adult brain, by directly modulating neuronal excitability, neurotransmission, and synaptic plasticity. Here, we provide a review of the literature documenting the roles of NRGs/ErbB signaling in the modulation of synaptic plasticity, focusing on evidence reported in the hippocampus and midbrain dopamine (DA) nuclei. The emerging picture shows multifaceted roles of NRGs/ErbB receptors, which critically modulate different forms of synaptic plasticity (LTP, LTD, and depotentiation) affecting glutamatergic, GABAergic, and DAergic synapses, by various mechanisms. Further, we discuss the relevance of NRGs/ErbB-dependent synaptic plasticity in the control of brain processes, like learning and memory and the known involvement of NRGs/ErbB signaling in the modulation of synaptic plasticity in brain’s pathological conditions. Current evidence points to a central role of NRGs/ErbB receptors in controlling glutamatergic LTP/LTD and GABAergic LTD at hippocampal CA3–CA1 synapses, as well as glutamatergic LTD in midbrain DA neurons, thus supporting that NRGs/ErbB signaling is essential for proper brain functions, cognitive processes, and complex behaviors. This suggests that dysregulated NRGs/ErbB-dependent synaptic plasticity might contribute to mechanisms underlying different neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Ledonne
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, no 64, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +3906-501703160; Fax: +3906-501703307
| | - Nicola B. Mercuri
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, no 64, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier no 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Hilliard AT, Xie D, Ma Z, Snyder MP, Fernald RD. Genome-wide effects of social status on DNA methylation in the brain of a cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:699. [PMID: 31506062 PMCID: PMC6737626 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful social behavior requires real-time integration of information about the environment, internal physiology, and past experience. The molecular substrates of this integration are poorly understood, but likely modulate neural plasticity and gene regulation. In the cichlid fish species Astatotilapia burtoni, male social status can shift rapidly depending on the environment, causing fast behavioral modifications and a cascade of changes in gene transcription, the brain, and the reproductive system. These changes can be permanent but are also reversible, implying the involvement of a robust but flexible mechanism that regulates plasticity based on internal and external conditions. One candidate mechanism is DNA methylation, which has been linked to social behavior in many species, including A. burtoni. But, the extent of its effects after A. burtoni social change were previously unknown. RESULTS We performed the first genome-wide search for DNA methylation patterns associated with social status in the brains of male A. burtoni, identifying hundreds of Differentially Methylated genomic Regions (DMRs) in dominant versus non-dominant fish. Most DMRs were inside genes supporting neural development, synapse function, and other processes relevant to neural plasticity, and DMRs could affect gene expression in multiple ways. DMR genes were more likely to be transcription factors, have a duplicate elsewhere in the genome, have an anti-sense lncRNA, and have more splice variants than other genes. Dozens of genes had multiple DMRs that were often seemingly positioned to regulate specific splice variants. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed genome-wide effects of A. burtoni social status on DNA methylation in the brain and strongly suggest a role for methylation in modulating plasticity across multiple biological levels. They also suggest many novel hypotheses to address in mechanistic follow-up studies, and will be a rich resource for identifying the relationships between behavioral, neural, and transcriptional plasticity in the context of social status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Xie
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Zhihai Ma
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Michael P. Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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Mo HY, Jo YS, Yoo NJ, Kim MS, Song SY, Lee SH. Frameshift mutation of candidate tumor suppressor genes QK1 and TMEFF2 in gastric and colorectal cancers. Cancer Biomark 2019; 24:1-6. [PMID: 30614793 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both QKI and TMEFF2 genes are considered putative tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). In gastric (GC) and colorectal (CRC) cancers, downregulation of their expressions is known to be frequent. However, QKI and TMEFF2 mutations that could potentially inactivate their functions are not reported in cancers. METHODS In a genome database, we observed that both QKI and TMEFF2 harbor mononucleotide repeats, which could be mutated in cancers with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H). For this, we studied 79 GCs and 124 CRCs for the mutations and their intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH). RESULTS Six of 34 GCs (17.6%) and 10 of 79 CRCs (12.7%) with MSI-H exhibited QKI frameshift mutations while five of 79 CRCs (6.3%) with high MSI (MSI-H) exhibited TMEFF2 frameshift mutations. However, we found no such mutation in microsatellite stable/low MSI (MSS/MSI-L) cancers within the mononucleotide repeats. We also studied ITH for the detected frameshift mutations in 16 cases of CRCs and detected that QKI and TMEFF2 frameshift mutations showed regional ITH in 2 (12.5%) and 1 (6.3%) cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that candidate TSG genes QKI and TMEFF2 harbor mutational ITH as well as the frameshift mutations in GC and CRC with MSI-H. From this observation, frameshift mutations of QKI and TMEFF2 may play a role in tumorigenesis through their TSG inactivation in GC and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Yoon Mo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Sol Jo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Jin Yoo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yong Song
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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A Bayesian framework that integrates multi-omics data and gene networks predicts risk genes from schizophrenia GWAS data. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:691-699. [PMID: 30988527 PMCID: PMC6646046 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0382-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >100 schizophrenia (SCZ)-associated loci, but using these findings to illuminate disease biology remains a challenge. Here, we present integrative RIsk Gene Selector (iRIGS), a Bayesian framework that integrates multi-omics data and gene networks to infer risk genes in GWAS loci. By applying iRIGS to SCZ GWAS data, we predicted a set of high-confidence risk genes (HRGs), most of which are not the nearest genes to the GWAS index variants. HRGs account for a significantly enriched heritability estimated by stratified LD-score regression. Moreover, HRGs are predominantly expressed in brain tissues, especially prenatally, and are enriched for targets of approved drugs, suggesting opportunities to reposition existing drugs for SCZ. Thus, iRIGS can leverage accumulating functional genomics and GWAS data to advance understanding of SCZ etiology and potential therapeutics.
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Nie X, Liu C, Guo Q, Zheng MJ, Gao LL, Li X, Liu DW, Zhu LC, Liu JJ, Lin B. TMEFF1 overexpression and its mechanism for tumor promotion in ovarian cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:839-855. [PMID: 30697076 PMCID: PMC6340504 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s186080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transmembrane protein with epidermal growth factor-like and two follistatin-like domains 1 (TMEFF1) has an anticarcinogenic effect in brain tumors. However, little is known about the role of TMEFF1 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Materials and methods TMEFF1 expression in EOC was detected by immunohistochemistry; its relationship with clinical pathological parameters and its influence on prognosis were analyzed. The MTT, scratch, Transwell assays, and flow cytometry were used to assess the malignant behavior of ovarian cancer cell. Changes in node proteins in MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways and the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transformation markers were measured by Western blot. The regulatory effect of p53 on TMEFF1 was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and Western blot. Results TMEFF1 expression was higher in the EOC group than in the borderline and benign tumor groups and normal ovary group; its high expression was significantly related to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (P=0.024) and independently predicted shorter overall survival (P<0.01). TMEFF1 overexpression in ovarian cancer cells induced increased cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion but reduced apoptosis. In addition, the percentage of phosphorylated node proteins in MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways increased significantly. The expression of E-cadherin decreased but that of vimentin and N-cadherin increased. After the addition of MAPK (PD98059) and PI3K (GDC-0941) pathway inhibitors, ovarian cancer cells overexpressing TMEFF1 showed suppressed malignant behavior. TMEFF1 protein expression in an ovarian cancer cell lines (CAOV3 and ES-2) was downregulated after the inhibition of TP53. The transcription factor, p53, bound the promoter region of the TMEFF1 gene according to ChIP. Conclusion TMEFF1 is a carcinogenic gene in ovarian cancer and can be regulated by p53 transcription. Through MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, TMEFF1 promotes the malignant behavior in EOC. Therefore, TMEFF1 may be considered as a potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Liaoning, China, .,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Liaoning, China,
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wuxi Materal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Liaoning, China, .,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Liaoning, China,
| | - Ming-Jun Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Liaoning, China, .,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Liaoning, China,
| | - Ling-Ling Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Liaoning, China, .,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Liaoning, China,
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Liaoning, China, .,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Liaoning, China,
| | - Da-Wo Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Liaoning, China, .,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Liaoning, China,
| | - Lian-Cheng Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Liaoning, China, .,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Liaoning, China,
| | - Juan-Juan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Liaoning, China, .,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Liaoning, China,
| | - Bei Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Liaoning, China, .,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Liaoning, China,
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Zhang P, Ruan Y, Xiao J, Chen F, Zhang X. Association of serum follistatin levels with histological types and progression of tumor in human lung cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:162. [PMID: 30377409 PMCID: PMC6195981 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0664-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Follistatin (FST), an activin-binding protein, inhibits activin action by interfering with activin binding to its receptor. The prognostic value of FST has been studied in various cancers. However, these studies rarely focus on lung cancer. In our study, we investigated the relationship between serum FST levels and lung cancer with histologic types, TNM staging, and recurrence. Methods A total of 150 serum samples were collected, including 91 from patients with SCLC or NSCLC, 22 from patients with benign lung diseases, and 37 from healthy subjects. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine serum FST levels in healthy subjects, patients with benign lung diseases and patients with lung cancers. Results Serum FST levels in patients with LADC, SCC, LASC, LCLC, and SCLC were much higher than those in healthy subjects and in patients with lung benign disease. A ROC curve was constructed for differentiating the lung cancer from the healthy subjects and benign lung diseases. The results indicated that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.971 and 0.728 respectively. According to TNM staging, serum FST level increased significantly in patients with stage III and IV of LADC. Moreover, serum FST expression were increased in LADC patients with different TNM category. Furthermore, we found that a higher expression of serum FST was correlated with recurrence in LADC patients. Conclusions The serum FST levels gradually increased with the rise of TNM staging and category in lung cancer patients. These data suggest that serum FST levels not only can be used in auxiliary diagnosis for lung cancer but also might be associated with the disease progression and metastasis of lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Zhang
- 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060 People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxin Ruan
- 2Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xiao
- 4Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070 People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- 3Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- 4Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070 People's Republic of China
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Gaweł‐Bęben K, Ali N, Ellis V, Velasco G, Poghosyan Z, Ager A, Knäuper V. TMEFF2 shedding is regulated by oxidative stress and mediated by ADAMs and transmembrane serine proteases implicated in prostate cancer. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:273-280. [PMID: 28762604 PMCID: PMC5836882 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
TMEFF2 is a type I transmembrane protein with two follistatin (FS) and one EGF-like domain over-expressed in prostate cancer; however its biological role in prostate cancer development and progression remains unclear, which may, at least in part, be explained by its proteolytic processing. The extracellular part of TMEFF2 (TMEFF2-ECD) is cleaved by ADAM17 and the membrane-retained fragment is further processed by the gamma-secretase complex. TMEFF2 shedding is increased with cell crowding, a condition associated with the tumour microenvironment, which was mediated by oxidative stress signalling, requiring jun-kinase (JNK) activation. Moreover, we have identified that TMEFF2 is also a novel substrate for other proteases implicated in prostate cancer, including two ADAMs (ADAM9 and ADAM12) and the type II transmembrane serine proteinases (TTSPs) matriptase-1 and hepsin. Whereas cleavage by ADAM9 and ADAM12 generates previously identified TMEFF2-ECD, proteolytic processing by matriptase-1 and hepsin produced TMEFF2 fragments, composed of TMEFF2-ECD or FS and/or EGF-like domains as well as novel membrane retained fragments. Differential TMEFF2 processing from a single transmembrane protein may be a general mechanism to modulate transmembrane protein levels and domains, dependent on the repertoire of ADAMs or TTSPs expressed by the target cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gaweł‐Bęben
- School of MedicineUniversity of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow2 Sucharskiego Str.35‐225 RzeszowPoland
- School of DentistryCollege of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XYUnited Kingdom
| | - Nazim Ali
- School of DentistryCollege of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XYUnited Kingdom
- School of MedicineUniversity of KeeleKeeleST5 5BGUnited Kingdom
| | - Vincent Ellis
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUnited Kingdom
| | - Gloria Velasco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Oviedo33006 OviedoSpain
| | - Zaruhi Poghosyan
- School of MedicineCollege of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XYUnited Kingdom
| | - Ann Ager
- School of MedicineCollege of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XYUnited Kingdom
| | - Vera Knäuper
- School of DentistryCollege of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF14 4XYUnited Kingdom
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Huang H, Teng P, Mei R, Yang A, Zhang Z, Zhao X, Qiu M. Tmeff2 is expressed in differentiating oligodendrocytes but dispensable for their differentiation in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:337. [PMID: 28336932 PMCID: PMC5428413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin elaborated by oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the central nervous system (CNS) is required for saltatory conduction of action potentials along neuronal axons. We found that TMEFF2, a transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains, is selectively expressed in differentiating/myelinating OLs. Previous studies showed that TMEFF2 is capable of binding to PDGFA, which plays important roles in the proliferation, migration and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). However, molecular and genetic analysis revealed that Tmeff2 is a weak binder of PDGFA, and not required for OL differentiation and myelin gene expression in vivo. Together, our data suggested that Tmeff2 is specifically upregulated in OLs, but dispensable for OL differentiation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- The College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.,Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Peng Teng
- The College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Ruyi Mei
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Aifen Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- The College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310036, China. .,Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China. .,Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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18
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Hong HS, Maezawa I, Petrlova J, Zhao XY, C Voss J, Jin LW. Tomoregulin (TMEFF2) Binds Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid-β (Aβ) Oligomer and AβPP and Protects Neurons from Aβ-Induced Toxicity. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:731-43. [PMID: 26402097 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) protein causes neurotoxicity and its abnormal aggregation into amyloid is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cellular proteins able to interact with Aβ or its precursor, AβPP (amyloid-β protein precursor), may regulate Aβ production and neurotoxicity. We identified a brain-enriched type I transmembrane protein, tomoregulin (TR), that directly binds Aβ and Aβ oligomers (AβO). TR co-immunoprecipitated with Aβ and AβO in cultured cells and co-localized with amyloid plaques and intraneuronal Aβ in the 5xFAD AD mouse model. TR was also enriched in astrocytic processes reactive to amyloid plaques. Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy studies showed that the extracellular domain of TR binds to AβO with a high affinity (KD = 76.8 nM). Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy also demonstrated a physical interaction between spin-labeled Aβ and the TR extracellular domain in solution. Furthermore, TR also interacted with AβPP and enhanced its cleavage by α-secretase. Both cellular expression of TR and application of recombinant TR extracellular domain protected N2a neurons from AβO-induced neuronal death. These data provide first evidence that neuronal and astrocytic expression of TR is intimately related to Aβ metabolism and toxicity, and could be neuroprotective through its direct interaction with Aβ and AβPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seok Hong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Izumi Maezawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.,M.I.N.D. (Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jitka Petrlova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhao
- Biologics Research-USIC, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John C Voss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.,M.I.N.D. (Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Heitner T, Satozawa N, McLean K, Vogel D, Cobb RR, Liu B, Mahmoudi M, Finster S, Larsen B, Zhu Y, Zhou H, Müller-Tiemann B, Monteclaro F, Zhao XY, Light DR. Obligate Multivalent Recognition of Cell Surface Tomoregulin following Selection from a Multivalent Phage Antibody Library. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:985-95. [PMID: 17092910 DOI: 10.1177/1087057106293841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A therapeutic antibody candidate (AT-19) isolated using multivalent phage display binds native tomoregulin (TR) as a mul-timer not as a monomer. This report raises the importance of screening and selecting phage antibodies on native antigen and reemphasizes the possibility that potentially valuable antibodies are discarded when a monomeric phage display system is used for screening. A detailed live cell panning selection and screening method to isolate multivalently active antibodies is described. AT-19 is a fully human antibody recognizing the cell surface protein TR, a proposed prostate cancer target for therapeutic antibody internalization. AT-19 was isolated from a multivalent single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody library rescued with hyperphage. The required multivalency for isolation of AT-19 is supported by fluorescence activated cell sorting data demonstrating binding of the multivalent AT-19 phage particles at high phage concentrations and failure of monovalent particles to bind. Pure monomeric scFv AT-19 does not bind native receptor on cells, whereas dimeric scFv or immunoglobulin G binds with nanomolar affinity. The isolation of AT-19 antibody with obligate bivalent binding activity to native TR is attributed to the use of a multivalent display of scFv on phage and the method for selecting and screening by alternate use of 2 recombinant cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Heitner
- Berlex Biosciences, Richmond, California 94806, USA
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20
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Corbin JM, Overcash RF, Wren JD, Coburn A, Tipton GJ, Ezzell JA, McNaughton KK, Fung KM, Kosanke SD, Ruiz-Echevarria MJ. Analysis of TMEFF2 allografts and transgenic mouse models reveals roles in prostate regeneration and cancer. Prostate 2016; 76:97-113. [PMID: 26417683 PMCID: PMC4722803 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous results from our lab indicate a tumor suppressor role for the transmembrane protein with epidermal growth factor and two follistatin motifs 2 (TMEFF2) in prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we further characterize this role and uncover new functions for TMEFF2 in cancer and adult prostate regeneration. METHODS The role of TMEFF2 was examined in PCa cells using Matrigel(TM) cultures and allograft models of PCa cells. In addition, we developed a transgenic mouse model that expresses TMEFF2 from a prostate specific promoter. Anatomical, histological, and metabolic characterizations of the transgenic mouse prostate were conducted. The effect of TMEFF2 in prostate regeneration was studied by analyzing branching morphogenesis in the TMEFF2-expressing mouse lobes and alterations in branching morphogenesis were correlated with the metabolomic profiles of the mouse lobes. The role of TMEFF2 in prostate tumorigenesis in whole animals was investigated by crossing the TMEFF2 transgenic mice with the TRAMP mouse model of PCa and analyzing the histopathological changes in the progeny. RESULTS Ectopic expression of TMEFF2 impairs growth of PCa cells in Matrigel or allograft models. Surprisingly, while TMEFF2 expression in the TRAMP mouse did not have a significant effect on the glandular prostate epithelial lesions, the double TRAMP/TMEFF2 transgenic mice displayed an increased incidence of neuroendocrine type tumors. In addition, TMEFF2 promoted increased branching specifically in the dorsal lobe of the prostate suggesting a potential role in developmental processes. These results correlated with data indicating an alteration in the metabolic profile of the dorsal lobe of the transgenic TMEFF2 mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results confirm the tumor suppressor role of TMEFF2 and suggest that ectopic expression of TMEFF2 in mouse prostate leads to additional lobe-specific effects in prostate regeneration and tumorigenesis. This points to a complex and multifunctional role for TMEFF2 during PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- JM. Corbin
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - RF. Overcash
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - JD. Wren
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program. Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - A. Coburn
- Department of Comparative Medicine. East Carolina University. Greenville, NC, USA
| | - GJ. Tipton
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - JA. Ezzell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - KK. McNaughton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - KM Fung
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - SD. Kosanke
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - MJ Ruiz-Echevarria
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center. Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Correspondence to: MJ. Ruiz-Echevarria, Associate Professor of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stanton L. Young Biomedical Research Center, 975 N.E. 10th Street, Room 1368A, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104. Phone: (405) 271.1871; Fax: (405) 271.2141.
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21
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Role of the Neuregulin Signaling Pathway in Nicotine Dependence and Co-morbid Disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 124:113-31. [PMID: 26472527 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is currently the leading cause of preventable death in the United States and is responsible for over four million deaths annually worldwide. Therefore, there is a vast clinical unmet need with regards to therapeutics targeting smoking cessation. This is even more apparent when examining smokers co-morbid with psychiatric illness, as rates of smoking in this population are ~4× higher than in the general population. Examining common genetic and molecular signaling pathways impinging upon both smoking behavior and psychiatric illness will lead to a better understanding of co-morbid disorders and potential development of novel therapeutics. Studies have implicated the Neuregulin Signaling Pathway in the pathophysiology of a number of psychiatric illnesses. Additionally, recent studies have also shown an association between the Neuregulin Signaling Pathway and smoking behaviors. This review outlines basic mechanisms of the Neuregulin Signaling Pathway and how it may be exploited for precision medicine approaches in treating nicotine dependence and mental illness.
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22
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Bao D, Lu D, Liu N, Dong W, Lu YD, Qin C, Zhang LF. Tomoregulin-1 prevents cardiac hypertrophy after pressure overload in mice by inhibiting TAK1-JNK pathways. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:795-804. [PMID: 26092120 PMCID: PMC4527297 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.021303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with many forms of heart disease, and identifying important modifier genes involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies. Tomoregulin-1 is a growth factor that is primarily involved in embryonic development and adult central nervous system (CNS) function, and it is expressed abnormally in a variety of CNS pathologies. Tomoregulin-1 is also expressed in the myocardium. However, the effects of tomoregulin-1 on the heart, particularly on cardiac hypertrophy, remains unknown. The aim of the study is to examine whether and by what mechanism tomoregulin-1 regulates the development of cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload. In this study, we found that tomoregulin-1 was significantly upregulated in two cardiac hypertrophy models: cTnT(R92Q) transgenic mice and thoracic aorta constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophy mice. The transgenic overexpression of tomoregulin-1 increased the survival rate, improved the cardiac geometry and functional parameters of echocardiography, and decreased the degree of cardiac hypertrophy of the TAC mice, whereas knockdown of tomoregulin-1 expression resulted in an opposite phenotype and exacerbated phenotypes of cardiac hypertrophy induced by TAC. A possible mechanism by which tomoregulin-1 regulates the development of cardiac hypertrophy in TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy is through inhibiting TGFβ non-canonical (TAK1-JNK) pathways in the myocardium. Tomoregulin-1 plays a protective role in the modulation of adverse cardiac remodeling from pressure overload in mice. Tomoregulin-1 could be a therapeutic target to control the development of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ying-Dong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Animal Model, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lian-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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23
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Hernandez JM, Elahi A, Clark W, Humphries LA, Wang J, Achille A, Seto E, Shibata D. The Tumor Suppressive Effects of HPP1 Are Mediated Through JAK-STAT-Interferon Signaling Pathways. DNA Cell Biol 2015; 34:541-9. [PMID: 26061044 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
HPP1, a novel tumor suppressive epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like ligand, mediates its effects through signal transducer and activators of transcription (STAT) activation. We previously demonstrated the importance of STAT1 activation for HPP1 function; however the contribution of STAT2 remains unclear. We sought to delineate the components of JAK-STAT-interferon (IFN) signaling specifically associated with HPP1s biological effects. Using stable HPP1-HCT116 transfectants, expression analyses were performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/western blotting while expression knockdowns were achieved using siRNA. Growth parameters evaluated included proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and anchorage-independent growth. STAT dimerization, translocation, and DNA binding were examined by reporter assays, fluorescent microscopy, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), respectively. Forced expression of HPP1 in colon cancer cell lines results in the upregulation of total and activated levels of STAT2. We have also determined that JAK1 and JAK2 are activated in response to HPP1 overexpression, and are necessary for subsequent STAT activation. Overexpression of HPP1 was associated with significant increases in STAT1:STAT1 (p=0.007) and STAT1:STAT2 (p=0.036) dimer formation, as well as subsequent nuclear translocation. By ChIP, binding of activated STAT1 and STAT2 to the interferon-signaling regulatory element promoter sites of the selected genes, protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR), IFI44, and OAS1 was demonstrated. STAT2 knockdown resulted in partial abrogation of HPP1s growth suppressive activity with increased proliferation (p<0.0001), reduced G1/G0 phase cell cycle fraction, and a restoration of growth potential in soft agar (p<0.01). Presumably as a consequence of upregulation of IFN signaling elements, HPP1 overexpression resulted in an acquisition of exogenous IFN sensitivity. Physiologic doses of IFN-α resulted in a significant reduction in proliferation (p<0.001) and increase in G1/G0 cell cycle arrest in HPP1 transfectants. STAT2 is necessary for HPP1-associated growth suppression, and mediates these effects through activation of IFN-α pathways. Given the interest in therapeutic targeting of oncogenic erbB proteins, further understanding of HPP1s role as a tumor suppressive EGF-like ligand is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Hernandez
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, Florida
| | - Abul Elahi
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, Florida
| | - Whalen Clark
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, Florida
| | - Leigh Ann Humphries
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, Florida
| | - Jian Wang
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, Florida
| | - Alex Achille
- 2 Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, Florida
| | - Ed Seto
- 2 Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, Florida
| | - David Shibata
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, Florida
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24
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Labeur M, Wölfel B, Stalla J, Stalla GK. TMEFF2 is an endogenous inhibitor of the CRH signal transduction pathway. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 54:51-63. [PMID: 25573902 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
TMEFF2 is a transmembrane protein with unknown function, containing an altered epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like motif, two follistatin-like domains, and a cytosolic tail with a putative G-protein-activating motif. TMEFF2 is predominantly expressed in brain and prostate and has been implicated in cell signaling, neuronal cell survival, and tumor suppression. We found that expression of TMEFF2 in pituitary corticotrope cells inhibits the effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) on the production of intracellular cAMP, and CREB, and transcription of Pomc. Regulation of the activity of CRH by TMEFF2 requires neither the cytoplasmic tail nor the EGF domain, while deletion of the follistatin modules abolishes the inhibitory function of TMEFF2. Moreover, a soluble secreted protein containing the complete extracellular domain is sufficient for inhibition of CRH signaling. TMEFF2-induced inhibition depends on serum components. Furthermore, TMEFF2 regulates the non-canonical activin/BMP4 signaling, PI3K, and Ras/ERK1/2 pathways. Thus, TMEFF2 inhibits the CRH signaling pathway and the PI3K/AKT and Ras/ERK1/2 pathways, contributing to a significant inhibition of transcription of Pomc. We found that expression of TMEFF2 in human Cushing's adenoma is reduced when compared with normal human pituitary, which may indicate that TMEFF2 acts as a tumor suppressor in these adenomas. Furthermore, the overexpression of TMEFF2 decreased proliferation of corticotrope cells. Our results indicate a potential therapeutic use of TMEFF2 or factors that stimulate the activity of TMEFF2 for the treatment of corticotrope tumors in order to reduce their secretion of ACTH and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Labeur
- Department of NeuroendocrinologyMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Wölfel
- Department of NeuroendocrinologyMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Stalla
- Department of NeuroendocrinologyMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Günter K Stalla
- Department of NeuroendocrinologyMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
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25
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Embryo- and Testicular-toxicities of Methoxyacetate and the Related: a Review on Possible Roles of One-carbon Transfer and Histone Modification. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2015. [DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2015013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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26
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Mei L, Nave KA. Neuregulin-ERBB signaling in the nervous system and neuropsychiatric diseases. Neuron 2014; 83:27-49. [PMID: 24991953 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulins (NRGs) comprise a large family of growth factors that stimulate ERBB receptor tyrosine kinases. NRGs and their receptors, ERBBs, have been identified as susceptibility genes for diseases such as schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder. Recent studies have revealed complex Nrg/Erbb signaling networks that regulate the assembly of neural circuitry, myelination, neurotransmission, and synaptic plasticity. Evidence indicates there is an optimal level of NRG/ERBB signaling in the brain and deviation from it impairs brain functions. NRGs/ERBBs and downstream signaling pathways may provide therapeutic targets for specific neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA.
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.
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27
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The multifaceted role of the embryonic gene Cripto-1 in cancer, stem cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 29:51-8. [PMID: 25153355 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cripto-1 (CR-1)/Teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor1 (TDGF-1) is a cell surface glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked glycoprotein that can function either in cis (autocrine) or in trans (paracrine). The cell membrane cis form is found in lipid rafts and endosomes while the trans acting form lacking the GPI anchor is soluble. As a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)/Cripto-1-FRL-1-Cryptic (CFC) family, CR-1 functions as an obligatory co-receptor for the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family members, Nodal and growth and differentiation factors 1 and 3 (GDF1/3) by activating Alk4/Alk7 signaling pathways that involve Smads 2, 3 and 4. In addition, CR-1 can activate non-Smad-dependent signaling elements such as PI3K, Akt and MAPK. Both of these pathways depend upon the 78kDa glucose regulated protein (GRP78). Finally, CR-1 can facilitate signaling through the canonical Wnt/β-catenin and Notch/Cbf-1 pathways by functioning as a chaperone protein for LRP5/6 and Notch, respectively. CR-1 is essential for early embryonic development and maintains embryonic stem cell pluripotentiality. CR-1 performs an essential role in the etiology and progression of several types of human tumors where it is expressed in a population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and facilitates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this context, CR-1 can significantly enhance tumor cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis. Collectively, these facts suggest that CR-1 may be an attractive target in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of several types of human cancer.
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28
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Sun TT, Tang JY, Du W, Zhao HJ, Zhao G, Yang SL, Chen HY, Hong J, Fang JY. Bidirectional regulation between TMEFF2 and STAT3 may contribute to Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1053-64. [PMID: 24996057 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane protein with epidermal growth factor and two follistatin motifs 2 (TMEFF2) is a single-pass transmembrane protein, and it is downregulated in human gastric cancer and levels correlate with tumor progression and time of survival. However, the mechanism of its dysregulation in gastric cancer is little known. Here we investigate its regulatory mechanism and the bidirectional regulation between TMEFF2 and STAT3 in gastric carcinogenesis. TMEFF2 expression was decreased after Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in vivo and in vitro. STAT3 directly binds to the promoter of TMEFF2 and regulates H. pylori-induced TMEFF2 downregulation in normal gastric GES-1 cells and gastric cancer AGS cells. Conversely, TMEFF2 may suppress the phosphorylation of STAT3 and TMEFF2-induced downregulation of STAT3 phosphorylation may depend on SHP-1. A highly inverse correlation between the expression of TMEFF2 and pSTAT3 was also revealed in gastric tissues. We now show the deregulation mechanism of TMEFF2 in gastric carcinogenesis and identify TMEFF2 as a new target gene of STAT3. The phosphorylation of STAT3 may be negatively regulated by TMEFF2, and the bidirectional regulation between TMEFF2 and STAT3 may contribute to H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200001, China
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29
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Wang J, Elahi A, Ajidahun A, Clark W, Hernandez J, Achille A, Hao JH, Seto E, Shibata D. The interplay between histone deacetylases and c-Myc in the transcriptional suppression of HPP1 in colon cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:1198-207. [PMID: 24919179 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.29500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
HPP1 (hyperplastic polyposis protein 1), a tumor suppressor gene, is downregulated by promoter hypermethylation in a number of tumor types including colon cancer. c-Myc is also known to play a role in the suppression of HPP1 expression via binding to a promoter region cognate E-box site. The contribution of histone deacetylation as an additional epigenetic mechanism and its potential interplay with c-Myc in the transcriptional regulation of HPP1 are unknown. We have shown that the treatment of the HPP1-non-expressing colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 and DLD-1 with HDAC inhibitors results in re-expression of HPP1. RNAi-mediated knockdown of c-Myc as well as of HDAC2 and HDAC3 in HCT116 and of HDAC1 and HDAC3 in DLD-1 also resulted in significant re-expression of HPP1. Co-immunoprecipitation (IP), chromatin IP (ChIP), and sequential ChIP experiments demonstrated binding of c-Myc to the HPP1 promoter with recruitment of and direct interaction with HDAC3. In summary, we have demonstrated that c-Myc contributes to the epigenetic regulation of HPP1 via the dominant recruitment of HDAC3. Our findings may lead to a greater biologic understanding for the application of targeted use of HDAC inhibitors for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute; Tampa, FL USA; Department of Pancreatic Oncology; Cancer Institute and Hospital of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin, PR China
| | - Abul Elahi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute; Tampa, FL USA
| | - Abidemi Ajidahun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute; Tampa, FL USA
| | - Whalen Clark
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute; Tampa, FL USA
| | - Jonathan Hernandez
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute; Tampa, FL USA
| | - Alex Achille
- Department of Molecular Oncology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute; Tampa, FL USA
| | - Ji-hui Hao
- Department of Pancreatic Oncology; Cancer Institute and Hospital of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin, PR China
| | - Edward Seto
- Department of Molecular Oncology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute; Tampa, FL USA
| | - David Shibata
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute; Tampa, FL USA
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Green T, Chen X, Ryan S, Asch AS, Ruiz-Echevarría MJ. TMEFF2 and SARDH cooperate to modulate one-carbon metabolism and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2013; 73:1561-75. [PMID: 23824605 PMCID: PMC3878307 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transmembrane protein with epidermal growth factor and two follistatin motifs, TMEFF2, has been implicated in prostate cancer but its role in this disease is unclear. We recently demonstrated that the tumor suppressor role of TMEFF2 correlates, in part, with its ability to interact with sarcosine dehydrogenase (SARDH) and modulate sarcosine level. TMEFF2 overexpression inhibits sarcosine-induced invasion. Here, we further characterize the functional interaction between TMEFF2 and SARDH and their link with one-carbon (1-C) metabolism and invasion. METHODS RNA interference was used to study the effect of SARDH and/or TMEFF2 knockdown (KD) in invasion, evaluated using Boyden chambers. The dependence of invasion on 1-C metabolism was determined by examining sensitivity to methotrexate. Real-time PCR and Western blot of subcellular fractions were used to study the effect of SARDH KD or TMEFF2 KD on expression of enzymes involved in one-carbon (1-C) metabolism and on TMEFF2 expression and localization. Protein interactions were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Cell viability and proliferation were measured by cell counting and MTT analysis. RESULTS While knocking down SARDH affects TMEFF2 subcellular localization, this effect is not responsible for the increased invasion observed in SARDH KD cells. Importantly, SARDH and/or TMEFF2 KD promote increased cellular invasion, sensitize the cell to methotrexate, render the cell resistant to invasion induced by sarcosine, a metabolite from the folate-mediated 1-C metabolism pathway, and affect the expression level of enzymes involved in that pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings define a role for TMEFF2 and the folate-mediated 1-C metabolism pathway in modulating cellular invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Green
- Department of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, USA
| | - Stephen Ryan
- Department of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Adam S. Asch
- Department of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maria J. Ruiz-Echevarría
- Department of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
- Correspondence: , Phone: 252-744.2856, Fax: 252-744.3418
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Torrecilla D, Lozano MV, Lallana E, Neissa JI, Novoa-Carballal R, Vidal A, Fernandez-Megia E, Torres D, Riguera R, Alonso MJ, Dominguez F. Anti-tumor efficacy of chitosan-g-poly(ethylene glycol) nanocapsules containing docetaxel: Anti-TMEFF-2 functionalized nanocapsules vs. non-functionalized nanocapsules. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 83:330-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Iwakura Y, Nawa H. ErbB1-4-dependent EGF/neuregulin signals and their cross talk in the central nervous system: pathological implications in schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:4. [PMID: 23408472 PMCID: PMC3570895 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligands for ErbB1-4 receptor tyrosine kinases, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and neuregulins, regulate brain development and function. Thus, abnormalities in their signaling are implicated in the etiology or pathology of schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. Among the ErbB receptors, ErbB1, and ErbB4 are expressed in dopamine and GABA neurons, while ErbB1, 2, and/or 3 are mainly present in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and their precursors. Thus, deficits in ErbB signaling might contribute to the neurological and psychiatric diseases stemming from these cell types. By incorporating the latest cancer molecular biology as well as our recent progress, we discuss signal cross talk between the ErbB1-4 subunits and their neurobiological functions in each cell type. The potential contribution of virus-derived cytokines (virokines) that mimic EGF and neuregulin-1 in brain diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Iwakura
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata, Japan
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Overcash RF, Chappell VA, Green T, Geyer CB, Asch AS, Ruiz-Echevarría MJ. Androgen signaling promotes translation of TMEFF2 in prostate cancer cells via phosphorylation of the α subunit of the translation initiation factor 2. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55257. [PMID: 23405127 PMCID: PMC3566213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The type I transmembrane protein with epidermal growth factor and two follistatin motifs 2 (TMEFF2), is expressed mainly in brain and prostate. Expression of TMEFF2 is deregulated in prostate cancer, suggesting a role in this disease, but the molecular mechanism(s) involved in this effect are not clear. Although androgens promote tmeff2 transcription, androgen delivery to castrated animals carrying CWR22 xenografts increases TMEFF2 protein levels in the absence of mRNA changes, suggesting that TMEFF2 may also be post-transcriptionally regulated. Here we show that translation of TMEFF2 is regulated by androgens. Addition of physiological concentrations of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to prostate cancer cell lines increases translation of endogenous TMEFF2 or transfected TMEFF2-Luciferase fusions, and this effect requires the presence of upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) of TMEFF2. Using chemical and siRNA inhibition of the androgen receptor (AR), we show that the androgen effect on TMEFF2 translation is mediated by the AR. Importantly, DHT also promotes phosphorylation of the α subunit of the translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) in an AR-dependent manner, paralleling the effect on TMEFF2 translation. Moreover, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress conditions, which promote eIF2α phosphorylation, also stimulate TMEFF2 translation. These results indicate that androgen signaling promotes eIF2α phosphorylation and subsequent translation of TMEFF2 via a mechanism that requires uORFs in the 5′-UTR of TMEFF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan F. Overcash
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Vesna A. Chappell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas Green
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology. Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher B. Geyer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Adam S. Asch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology. Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Maria J. Ruiz-Echevarría
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology. Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chen TR, Wang P, Carroll LK, Zhang YJ, Han BX, Wang F. Generation and characterization of Tmeff2 mutant mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 425:189-94. [PMID: 22828515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
TMEFF2 is a single-transmembrane protein containing one EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains. Some studies implicated TMEFF2 as a tumor suppressor for prostate and other cancers, whereas others reported TMEFF2 functioning as a growth factor for neurons and other cells. To gain insights into the apparently conflicting roles of TMEFF2, we generated a null allele of Tmeff2 gene by replacing its first coding exon with human placental alkaline phosphatase cDNA (Tmeff2(PLAP)). Tmeff2(PLAP/PLAP) homozygous mutant mice are born normal, but show growth retardation and die around weaning age. Tmeff2 is widely expressed in the nervous system, and the Tmeff2(PLAP) knock-in allele enables the visualization of neuronal innervations of skin and internal organs with a simple alkaline phosphatase staining. Tmeff2 is also highly expressed in prostate gland and white adipose tissues (WAT). However, with the exception of reduced WAT mass, extensive anatomical and molecular analyses failed to detect any structural or molecular abnormalities in the brain, the spinal cord, the enteric nervous system, or the prostate in the Tmeff2 mutants. No tumors were found in Tmeff2-mutant mice. The Tmeff2(PLAP/PLAP) knock-in mouse is an useful tool for studying the in vivo biological functions of TMEFF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Rui Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3709, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Matise LA, Palmer TD, Ashby WJ, Nashabi A, Chytil A, Aakre M, Pickup MW, Gorska AE, Zijlstra A, Moses HL. Lack of transforming growth factor-β signaling promotes collective cancer cell invasion through tumor-stromal crosstalk. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:R98. [PMID: 22748014 PMCID: PMC3680921 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) has a dual role during tumor progression, initially as a suppressor and then as a promoter. Epithelial TGF-β signaling regulates fibroblast recruitment and activation. Concurrently, TGF-β signaling in stromal fibroblasts suppresses tumorigenesis in adjacent epithelia, while its ablation potentiates tumor formation. Much is known about the contribution of TGF-β signaling to tumorigenesis, yet the role of TGF-β in epithelial-stromal migration during tumor progression is poorly understood. We hypothesize that TGF-β is a critical regulator of tumor-stromal interactions that promote mammary tumor cell migration and invasion. METHODS Fluorescently labeled murine mammary carcinoma cells, isolated from either MMTV-PyVmT transforming growth factor-beta receptor II knockout (TβRII KO) or TβRIIfl/fl control mice, were combined with mammary fibroblasts and xenografted onto the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane. These combinatorial xenografts were used as a model to study epithelial-stromal crosstalk. Intravital imaging of migration was monitored ex ovo, and metastasis was investigated in ovo. Epithelial RNA from in ovo tumors was isolated by laser capture microdissection and analyzed to identify gene expression changes in response to TGF-β signaling loss. RESULTS Intravital microscopy of xenografts revealed that mammary fibroblasts promoted two migratory phenotypes dependent on epithelial TGF-β signaling: single cell/strand migration or collective migration. At epithelial-stromal boundaries, single cell/strand migration of TβRIIfl/fl carcinoma cells was characterized by expression of α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin, while collective migration of TβRII KO carcinoma cells was identified by E-cadherin+/p120+/β-catenin+ clusters. TβRII KO tumors also exhibited a twofold greater metastasis than TβRIIfl/fl tumors, attributed to enhanced extravasation ability. In TβRII KO tumor epithelium compared with TβRIIfl/fl epithelium, Igfbp4 and Tspan13 expression was upregulated while Col1α2, Bmp7, Gng11, Vcan, Tmeff1, and Dsc2 expression was downregulated. Immunoblotting and quantitative PCR analyses on cultured cells validated these targets and correlated Tmeff1 expression with disease progression of TGF-β-insensitive mammary cancer. CONCLUSION Fibroblast-stimulated carcinoma cells utilize TGF-β signaling to drive single cell/strand migration but migrate collectively in the absence of TGF-β signaling. These migration patterns involve the signaling regulation of several epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathways. Our findings concerning TGF-β signaling in epithelial-stromal interactions are important in identifying migratory mechanisms that can be targeted as recourse for breast cancer treatment.
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Nagaoka T, Karasawa H, Castro NP, Rangel MC, Salomon DS, Bianco C. An evolving web of signaling networks regulated by Cripto-1. Growth Factors 2012; 30:13-21. [PMID: 22149969 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2011.641962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, our understanding of the embryonic gene Cripto-1 has considerably advanced through biochemical, cell biology, and animal studies. Cripto-1 performs key functions during embryonic development, while it dramatically disappears in adult tissues, except possibly in adult tissue stem cells. Cripto-1 is re-expressed in human tumors promoting cell proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and tumor angiogenesis. This diversity of biological effects is dependent upon interaction of Cripto-1 with an extensive array of signaling molecules. In fact, Cripto-1 modulates signaling of transforming growth factor-β family members, including Nodal, GDF-1/-3, Activin, and TGF-β1, activates c-src/MAPK/Protein Kinase B (AKT) pathway in a Glypican-1 and GRP78-dependent manner, and cross-talks with erbB4, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Caveolin-1, and Apelin/putative receptor protein related to Angiotensin-type I receptor (APJ) pathways. This article provides an updated survey of the various signaling pathways modulated by Cripto-1 with a focus on mechanistic insights in our understanding of the biological function of Cripto-1 in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Nagaoka
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Markholt S, Grøndahl M, Ernst E, Andersen CY, Ernst E, Lykke-Hartmann K. Global gene analysis of oocytes from early stages in human folliculogenesis shows high expression of novel genes in reproduction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 18:96-110. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gar083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Tomoregulin internalization confers selective cytotoxicity of immunotoxins on prostate cancer cells. Transl Oncol 2011; 1:102-9. [PMID: 18633458 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.08124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently identified and validated the prostate cancer antigen Tomoregulin as a target for the radioimmunotherapy for prostate cancer. Here, we provide evidence that Tomoregulin is an internalizing antigen and a potential target for immunotoxins. First, the cell surface localization of Tomoregulin was confirmed by flow cytometry, and its expression levels were determined by whole-cell binding assays. Second, laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed Tomoregulin internalization into the cytoplasm on antibody binding at 37 degrees C. The internalized Tomoregulin was found to colocalize with acidic vesicles. Third, internalization kinetics assays using (125)I-labeled anti-Tomoregulin mouse monoclonal antibody 2H8 demonstrated that the amount of internalized antigen-antibody complexes increased with time and reached approximately 25% of the total surface antigen after 60 to 90 minutes. Because 2H8 is capable of binding to Tomoregulin on the cell surface and can be internalized, we finally evaluated 2H8 as a means of targeting toxic payloads to prostate cancer cells. 2H8 was coupled to the cytotoxin saporin through a secondary antibody (Mab-ZAP) in indirect immunotoxin assays. Cell killing occurred on Tomoregulin-positive cells (Clone69) at the immunotoxin concentrations not affecting the Tomoregulin-negative cells (PC-3). In contrast to 2H8, the control antibody (mouse anti-c-Myc antibody 9E10) had no effect on cells in the presence of Mab-ZAP. Thus, Tomoregulin internalization confers selective cytotoxicity of immunotoxins on prostate cancer cells, and Tomoregulin-mediated delivery of immunotoxin has potential as a prostate cancer therapy.
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Lin K, Taylor JR, Wu TD, Gutierrez J, Elliott JM, Vernes JM, Koeppen H, Phillips HS, de Sauvage FJ, Meng YG. TMEFF2 is a PDGF-AA binding protein with methylation-associated gene silencing in multiple cancer types including glioma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18608. [PMID: 21559523 PMCID: PMC3084709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TMEFF2 is a protein containing a single EGF-like domain and two
follistatin-like modules. The biological function of TMEFF2 remains unclear
with conflicting reports suggesting both a positive and a negative
association between TMEFF2 expression and human cancers. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we report that the extracellular domain of TMEFF2 interacts with
PDGF-AA. This interaction requires the amino terminal region of the
extracellular domain containing the follistatin modules and cannot be
mediated by the EGF-like domain alone. Furthermore, the extracellular domain
of TMEFF2 interferes with PDGF-AA–stimulated fibroblast proliferation
in a dose–dependent manner. TMEFF2 expression is downregulated in
human brain cancers and is negatively correlated with PDGF-AA expression.
Suppressed expression of TMEFF2 is associated with its hypermethylation in
several human tumor types, including glioblastoma and cancers of ovarian,
rectal, colon and lung origins. Analysis of glioma subtypes indicates that
TMEFF2 hypermethylation and decreased expression are associated with a
subset of non-Proneural gliomas that do not display CpG island methylator
phentoype. Conclusions/Significance These data provide the first evidence that TMEFF2 can function to regulate
PDGF signaling and that it is hypermethylated and downregulated in glioma
and several other cancers, thereby suggesting an important role for this
protein in the etiology of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Lin
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States of America.
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40
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Chen X, Overcash R, Green T, Hoffman D, Asch AS, Ruiz-Echevarría MJ. The tumor suppressor activity of the transmembrane protein with epidermal growth factor and two follistatin motifs 2 (TMEFF2) correlates with its ability to modulate sarcosine levels. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:16091-100. [PMID: 21393249 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.193805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The type I transmembrane protein with epidermal growth factor and two follistatin motifs 2 (TMEFF2) is expressed in brain and prostate and overexpressed in prostate cancer, but its role in this disease is unclear. Several studies have suggested that TMEFF2 plays a role in suppressing the growth and invasive potential of human cancer cells, whereas others suggest that the shed portion of TMEFF2, which lacks the cytoplasmic region, has a growth-promoting activity. Here we show that TMEFF2 has a dual mode of action. Ectopic expression of wild-type full-length TMEFF2 inhibits soft agar colony formation, cellular invasion, and migration and increases cellular sensitivity to apoptosis. However, expression of the ectodomain portion of TMEFF2 increases cell proliferation. Using affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry, we identify sarcosine dehydrogenase (SARDH), the enzyme that converts sarcosine to glycine, as a TMEFF2-interacting protein. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence analysis confirms the interaction of SARDH with full-length TMEFF2. The ectodomain does not bind to SARDH. Moreover, expression of the full-length TMEFF2 but not the ectodomain results in a decreased level of sarcosine in the cells. These results suggest that the tumor suppressor activity of TMEFF2 requires the cytoplasmic/transmembrane portion of the protein and correlates with its ability to bind to SARDH and to modulate the level of sarcosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA
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de Castro NP, Rangel MC, Nagaoka T, Salomon DS, Bianco C. Cripto-1: an embryonic gene that promotes tumorigenesis. Future Oncol 2010; 6:1127-42. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.10.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that cell fate regulation during embryonic development and oncogenic transformation share common regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways. Indeed, an embryonic gene member of the EGF–Cripto-1/FRL1/Cryptic family, Cripto-1, has been implicated in embryogenesis and in carcinogenesis. Cripto-1 together with the TGF-β ligand Nodal is a key regulator of embryonic development and is a marker of undifferentiated human and mouse embryonic stem cells. While Cripto-1 expression is very low in normal adult tissues, Cripto-1 is re-expressed at high levels in several different human tumors, modulating cancer cell proliferation, migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stimulating tumor angiogenesis. Therefore, inhibition of Cripto-1 expression using blocking antibodies or antisense expression vectors might be a useful modality not only to target fully differentiated cancer cells but also to target a subpopulation of tumor cells with stem-like characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Pereira de Castro
- Mammary Biology & Tumorigenesis Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Dr., Bldg 37 Room 1112, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria Cristina Rangel
- Mammary Biology & Tumorigenesis Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Dr., Bldg 37 Room 1112, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tadahiro Nagaoka
- Mammary Biology & Tumorigenesis Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Dr., Bldg 37 Room 1112, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David S Salomon
- Mammary Biology & Tumorigenesis Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Dr., Bldg 37 Room 1112, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Porten E, Seliger B, Schneider VA, Wöll S, Stangel D, Ramseger R, Kröger S. The process-inducing activity of transmembrane agrin requires follistatin-like domains. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:3114-25. [PMID: 19940118 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.039420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustering or overexpression of the transmembrane form of the extracellular matrix proteoglycan agrin in neurons results in the formation of numerous highly motile filopodia-like processes extending from axons and dendrites. Here we show that similar processes can be induced by overexpression of transmembrane-agrin in several non-neuronal cell lines. Mapping of the process-inducing activity in neurons and non-neuronal cells demonstrates that the cytoplasmic part of transmembrane agrin is dispensable and that the extracellular region is necessary for process formation. Site-directed mutagenesis reveals an essential role for the loop between beta-sheets 3 and 4 within the Kazal subdomain of the seventh follistatin-like domain of TM-agrin. An aspartic acid residue within this loop is critical for process formation. The seventh follistatin-like domain could be functionally replaced by the first and sixth but not by the eighth follistatin-like domain, demonstrating a functional redundancy among some follistatin-like domains of agrin. Moreover, a critical distance of the seventh follistatin-like domain to the plasma membrane appears to be required for process formation. These results demonstrate that different regions within the agrin protein are responsible for synapse formation at the neuromuscular junction and for process formation in central nervous system neurons and suggest a role for agrin's follistatin-like domains in the developing central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmar Porten
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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Condomines M, Hose D, Rème T, Requirand G, Hundemer M, Schoenhals M, Goldschmidt H, Klein B. Gene expression profiling and real-time PCR analyses identify novel potential cancer-testis antigens in multiple myeloma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:832-40. [PMID: 19542363 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-testis (CT) Ags are attractive targets for immunotherapeutic strategies since they are aberrantly expressed in malignant cells and not, or in limited number, in somatic tissues, except germ cells. To identify novel CT genes in multiple myeloma, we used Affymetrix HG-U133 gene expression profiles of 5 testis, 64 primary multiple myeloma cells (MMC), and 24 normal tissue samples. A 5-filter method was developed to keep known CT genes while deleting non-CT genes. Starting from 44,928 probe sets, including probe sets for 18 previously described CT genes, we have obtained 82 genes expressed in MMC and testis and not detected in more than 6 normal tissue samples. This list includes 14 of the 18 known CT genes and 68 novel putative CT genes. Real-time RT-PCR was performed for 34 genes in 12 normal tissue samples, 5 MMC samples, and one sample of five pooled testes. It has validated the CT status of 23 of 34 genes (67%). We found one novel "testis-restricted" gene (TEX14, expression in testis and tumor only), eight "tissue-restricted" (mRNA detected in one or two nongametogenic tissues), and seven "differentially expressed" (mRNA detected in three to six nongametogenic tissues) CT genes. Further studies are warranted to determine the immunogenicity of these novel CT Ag candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Condomines
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Institute of Research in Biotherapy, Montpellier, France
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Ivanauskas A, Hoffmann J, Jonaitis LV, Markelis R, Juozaityte E, Kupcinskas L, Lofton-Day C, Röcken C, Malfertheiner P. Distinct TPEF/HPP1 gene methylation patterns in gastric cancer indicate a field effect in gastric carcinogenesis. Dig Liver Dis 2008; 40:920-6. [PMID: 18799374 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant methylation of the transmembrane protein containing epidermal growth factor and folistatin domains/hyperplastic polyposis 1 gene was recently reported in hyperplastic colon polyps, colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. However, there are only limited data on significance of transmembrane protein containing epidermal growth factor and folistatin domains/hyperplastic polyposis 1 gene methylation in gastric adenocarcinomas. AIM The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of transmembrane protein containing epidermal growth factor and folistatin domains/hyperplastic polyposis 1 promoter methylation in gastric adenocarcinomas. PATIENTS Study population consists of 48 patients with gastric cancer and 11 dyspeptic patients. METHODS Using the Methylight assay, transmembrane protein containing epidermal growth factor and folistatin domains/hyperplastic polyposis 1 gene methylation was assessed in fresh frozen cancer tissue and matched tumoural-free area of patients with gastric cancer and in the gastric mucosa of dyspeptic patients. RESULTS Transmembrane protein containing epidermal growth factor and folistatin domains/hyperplastic polyposis 1 promoter gene methylation was observed in 35 of 48 (73%) gastric adenocarcinomas, and in 27 of 48 (56%) matched tumoural-free area cases (p=0.087). In contrast, the occurrence of transmembrane protein containing epidermal growth factor and folistatin domains/hyperplastic polyposis 1 methylation was much lower in gastric mucosa of dyspeptics (1 of 11; 9%) and the difference was significant in comparison with both tumoural tissue (p=0.0001) and tumoural-free area (p=0.0047) of cancer patients. Transmembrane protein containing epidermal growth factor and folistatin domains/hyperplastic polyposis 1 gene expression was significantly reduced in adenocarcinomas in comparison with matched tumoural-free area (p=0.022). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that methylation of transmembrane protein containing epidermal growth factor and folistatin domains/hyperplastic polyposis 1 is present in the majority of gastric adenocarcinomas and in the surrounding tumoural-free area, indicating that this epigenetic change may point to a field effect in the gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ivanauskas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kaunas University of Medicine, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Hayes NVL, Gullick WJ. The neuregulin family of genes and their multiple splice variants in breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2008; 13:205-14. [PMID: 18415007 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-008-9078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuregulin family consists of four genes, NRG1-4 which can each encode products containing a domain related to the epidermal growth factor family of ligands. Each gene is subject to complex control of transcription and to splicing of their mRNA product to give many variant proteins. These do not contain secretory sequences but some, through their transmembrane sequence, are routed via the Golgi where they are glycosylated, to the cell surface. Here they may be released by regulated proteolysis to act as soluble proteins which can interact and activate members of the EGF receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Other splice variants do not encode transmembrane sequences and these are found either in the cytoplasm or, if they encode a nuclear localisation sequence, in distinct compartments in the nucleoplasm. It has been shown that the variants containing a full EGF domain can act as receptor agonists but the function of the cytoplasmic and nuclear products is unknown as yet. All four neuregulin genes are expressed and play an important role in mammary gland development. They are also expressed at elevated levels in some cases of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast and breast cancer. They seem to be active in this setting and their presence may affect the efficacy of treatment with endocrine agents or with signal transduction inhibitors directed at the EGF receptor family members. Much remains to be learned however of their normal function and their influence on breast cancer development, progression and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini V L Hayes
- Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
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Wieduwilt MJ, Moasser MM. The epidermal growth factor receptor family: biology driving targeted therapeutics. Cell Mol Life Sci 2008; 65:1566-84. [PMID: 18259690 PMCID: PMC3060045 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-008-7440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor family of receptor tyrosine kinases (ErbBs) plays essential roles in regulating cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and migration. The ErbB receptors carry out both redundant and restricted functions in mammalian development and in the maintenance of tissues in the adult mammal. Loss of regulation of the ErbB receptors underlies many human diseases, most notably cancer. Our understanding of the function and complex regulation of these receptors has fueled the development of targeted therapeutic agents for human malignancies in the last 15 years. Here we review the biology of ErbB receptors, including their structure, signaling, regulation, and roles in development and disease, then briefly touch on their increasing roles as targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Wieduwilt
- Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF, Box 0875, San Francisco, CA 94143-0875 USA
| | - M. M. Moasser
- Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF, Box 0875, San Francisco, CA 94143-0875 USA
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Higashiyama S, Iwabuki H, Morimoto C, Hieda M, Inoue H, Matsushita N. Membrane-anchored growth factors, the epidermal growth factor family: beyond receptor ligands. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:214-20. [PMID: 18271917 PMCID: PMC11158050 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) family and the EGF receptor (EGFR, ErbB) tyrosine kinase family have been spearheading the studies of signal transduction events that determine cell fate and behavior in vitro and in vivo. The EGFR family and their signaling pathways are giving us tremendous advantages in developing fascinating molecular target strategies for cancer therapy. Currently, two important types of EGFR inhibitors are in clinical use: neutralizing antibodies of EGFR or ErbB2, and synthetic small compounds of tyrosine kinase inhibitors designed for receptors. On the other hand, basic research of the EGF family ligands presents new challenges as membrane-anchored growth factors. All members of the EGF family have important roles in development and diseases and are shed from the plasma membrane by metalloproteases. The ectodomain shedding of the ligands has emerged as a critical component in the functional transactivation of EGFRs in interreceptor cross-talk in response to various shedding stimulants such as G-protein coupled receptor agonists, growth factors, cytokines, and various physicochemical stresses. Among the EGFR-ligands, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a prominent ligand in our understanding of the pathophysiological roles of ectodomain shedding in cancer, wound healing, cardiac diseases, etc. Here we focus on ectodomain shedding of the EGF family ligands, especially HB-EGF by disintegrin and metalloproteases, which are not only key events of receptor cross talk, but also novel intercellular signaling by their carboxy-terminal fragments to regulate gene expression directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Higashiyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Regenerative Medicine (CEREM), Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
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Elahi A, Zhang L, Yeatman TJ, Gery S, Sebti S, Shibata D. HPP1-mediated tumor suppression requires activation of STAT1 pathways. Int J Cancer 2007; 122:1567-72. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ali N, Knaüper V. Phorbol Ester-induced Shedding of the Prostate Cancer Marker Transmembrane Protein with Epidermal Growth Factor and Two Follistatin Motifs 2 Is Mediated by the Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase-17. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:37378-88. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m702170200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Kim BH, Cho NY, Choi M, Lee S, Jang JJ, Kang GH. Methylation profiles of multiple CpG island loci in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma versus those of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2007; 131:923-30. [PMID: 17550320 DOI: 10.5858/2007-131-923-mpomci] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT CpG island hypermethylation is attracting attention because of its importance as a tumor marker and its potential mechanism for the development of human cancers. Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma has been poorly investigated with respect to CpG island hypermethylation, and the number of genes known to be methylated in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas is fewer than 20. OBJECTIVE To generate methylation profiles of 24 CpG island loci in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, to correlate methylation findings with clinicopathologic findings, and to compare these findings with those of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. DESIGN Sixty-three extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas and 48 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas were investigated for hypermethylation in 24 CpG island loci by using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS A total of 61 (96.8%) of 63 extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas showed hypermethylation in at least one of the examined loci, and a high methylation frequency was seen in HOXA1 (95.2%), HPP1 (69.8%), and NEUROG1 (61.9%). The number of methylated CpG island loci was greater in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas with nodal metastasis than in those without nodal metastasis (P = .047), and hypermethylation of TIG1 was closely associated with nodal metastasis of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (P = .007). CDH1 and NEUROG1 were more frequently methylated in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma than in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, whereas CHFR, GSTP1, IGF2, MGMT, MINT31, p14, and RBP1 were more frequently methylated in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: the differences was statistically significant (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS A close relationship exists between CpG island hypermethylation and nodal metastasis of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. Methylation profiles of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas are somewhat similar to but distinct from those of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baek-Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744 South Korea
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