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Li H, Chen F, Qin M, Liao C, Shi Y, Wu S, Rong K, Zhang X. Short-term dietary teprenone improved thermal tolerance and mitigated liver damage caused by heat stress in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 273:110984. [PMID: 38692348 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Heat stress seriously threatens fish survival and health, demanding immediate attention. Teprenone is a gastric mucosal protective agent that can induce heat shock protein expression. This research investigated the effects of teprenone on largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) subjected to heat stress. Juvenile fish were assigned to different groups: group C (control group, 0 mg teprenone/kg diet), T0, T200, T400, and T800 (0, 200, 400, and 800 mg teprenone/kg diet, respectively), which were fed for 3 days, followed by a day without the diet. All groups except group C were subjected to acute heat stress (from 24 °C to 35 °C at 1 °C per hour and then maintained at 35 °C for 3 h). The results were as follows: The critical thermal maxima were significantly higher in the T200, T400, and T800 groups compared with the T0 group (P < 0.05). Heat stress caused severe damage to the tissue morphology of the liver, while teprenone significantly reduced this injury (P < 0.05). Serum cortisol concentration decreased gradually as teprenone concentration increased, and the lowest concentration was observed in the T800 group (P < 0.05). Compared with the T0 group, the serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase were significantly lower in the T200, T400, and T800 groups (P < 0.05). The liver activities of catalase, total superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase were significantly higher in the T200 group than in the T0 group (P < 0.05). Transcript levels of the heat shock proteins (hsp90, hsp70, hspa5, and hsf1) and caspase family (caspase3 and caspase9) in the liver of the T200 group were significantly higher than those of the T0 group (P < 0.05). Western blot results showed that HSP70 and HSPA5 in the liver were significantly upregulated in the T200 group compared with the T0 group (P < 0.05). In summary, dietary teprenone improved thermal tolerance, alleviated heat stress damage in the liver, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and upregulated heat shock proteins in juvenile largemouth bass. This study offers theoretical support for applying teprenone in aquaculture to reduce financial losses caused by abiotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Li
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Chen
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu Qin
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenlei Liao
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Shi
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihan Wu
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Keming Rong
- Research Institute of Huanong-Tianchen, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; Hubei Tianchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430207, China.
| | - Xuezhen Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; Research Institute of Huanong-Tianchen, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Eid Z, Mahmoud UM, Sayed AEDH. Deleterious effects of polypropylene released from paper cups on blood profile and liver tissue of Clarias gariepinus: bioremediation using Spirulina. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1380652. [PMID: 38846421 PMCID: PMC11155391 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1380652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous studies on microplastics, the biological impacts of polypropylene microplastics (PP-MPs) and its toxicity on freshwater fish have yet to be fully revealed. The purpose of this research was to look at the potentially harmful effects of PP-MPs in freshwater African catfish Clarias gariepinus and bioremediation using Spirulina. After acclimatization to laboratory conditions, 108 fish (125 ± 3 gm and 27 ± 2 cm) were assigned into triplicate six experimental groups (12 fish/group), a control group, Spirulina group (SP), PP-MP-treated groups (0.14 and 0.28 mg/l PP-MPs), and PP-MP + Spirulina-treated groups (0.14 mg/l PP-MPs + 200 mg/L SP and 0.28 mg/l PP-MPs +200 mg/L SP) for 15-day exposure and 45-day recovery after that. The hematological parameters exhibiting significance (RBCs, Hct, Hb, and MCV) or non-significance (MCH and MCHC) either decreased with the increase in PP-MP doses from 0.0 in the control to 0.28 mg/L red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hemoglobin (Hb) and platelets or increased with such an increase in doses (mean corpuscular volume (MCV)). The liver enzyme activity, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) exhibited non-significant (p ≥ 0.05) or significant (p < 0.05) increases in (0.14 and 0.28 mg/L) PP-MP-exposed groups, respectively, except ALP. Furthermore, there was a significant (p < 0.05) or non-significant (p ≥ 0.05) increase in 0.14 and 0.28 mg/l PP-MP +200 mg/L-exposure groups, respectively, compared to the control group and the same exposure group without Spirulina. In comparison to the control group, PP-MPs (0.14 and 0.28 mg/L) induced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the percentage of poikilocytosis and nuclear abnormalities of RBCs. The liver tissue from fish exposed to PP-MPs exhibited varying degrees of pathological changes. These results indicated that these pathological changes increased with PP-MP concentration, suggesting that the effect of PP-MPs was dose-dependent. After 45 days of recovery under normal conditions, it was obvious that there was a significant improvement in the percentage of poikilocytosis and nuclear abnormalities of RBCs, as well as a non-significant improvement in hemato-biochemical parameters and liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Eid
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Usama M. Mahmoud
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H. Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Molecular Biology Research & Studies Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Mireault M, Rose CF, Karvellas CJ, Sleno L. Perturbations in human bile acid profiles following drug-induced liver injury investigated using semitargeted high-resolution mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9731. [PMID: 38469943 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in North America. To investigate the effect of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) on circulating bile acid (BA) profiles, serum from ALF patients and healthy controls were analyzed using a semitargeted high-resolution mass spectrometry approach to measure BAs in their unconjugated and amidated forms and their glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. METHODS Human serum samples from 20 healthy volunteers and 34 ALF patients were combined with deuterated BAs and extracted, prior to liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry analysis. A mix of 46 standards helped assign 26 BAs in human serum by accurate mass and retention time matching. Moreover, other isomers of unconjugated and amidated BAs, as well as glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, were assigned by accurate mass filtering. In vitro incubations of standard BAs provided increased information for certain peaks of interest. RESULTS A total of 275 BA metabolites, with confirmed or putative assignments, were measured in human serum samples. APAP overdose significantly influenced the levels of most BAs, promoting glycine conjugation, and, to a lesser extent, taurine conjugation. When patient outcome was considered, 11 BAs were altered significantly, including multiple sulfated species. Although many of the BAs measured did not have exact structures assigned, several putatively identified BAs of interest were further characterized using in vitro incubations. CONCLUSION An optimized chromatographic separation tailored to BAs of ranging polarities was combined with accurate mass measurements to investigate the effect that DILI has on their complex profiles and metabolism to a much wider extent than previously possible. The analysis of complex BA profiles enabled in-depth analysis of the BA metabolism perturbations in ALF, including certain metabolites related to patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Mireault
- Department of Chemistry/CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher F Rose
- Hepato-Neuro Lab, CRCHUM, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Constantine J Karvellas
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Gastroenterology/Hepatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lekha Sleno
- Department of Chemistry/CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Caetano-da-Silva JE, Gonçalves-Santos E, Domingues ELBC, Caldas IS, Lima GDA, Diniz LF, Gonçalves RV, Novaes RD. The mitochondrial uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol modulates inflammatory and oxidative responses in Trypanosoma cruzi-induced acute myocarditis in mice. Cardiovasc Pathol 2024; 72:107653. [PMID: 38740356 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
By uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) attenuates reactive oxygen species (ROS) biosynthesis, which are known to aggravate infectious myocarditis in Chagas disease. Thus, the impact of DNP-based chemotherapy on Trypanosoma cruzi-induced acute myocarditis was investigated. C56BL/6 mice uninfected and infected untreated and treated daily with 100 mg/kg benznidazole (Bz, reference drug), 5 and 10 mg/kg DNP by gavage for 11 days after confirmation of T. cruzi infection were investigated. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, the animals were euthanized and the heart was collected for microstructural, immunological and biochemical analyses. T. cruzi inoculation induced systemic inflammation (e.g., cytokines and anti-T. cruzi IgG upregulation), cardiac infection (T. cruzi DNA), oxidative stress, inflammatory infiltrate and microstructural myocardial damage in untreated mice. DNP treatment aggravated heart infection and microstructural damage, which were markedly attenuated by Bz. DNP (10 mg/kg) was also effective in attenuating ROS (total ROS, H2O2, and O2-), nitric oxide (NO), lipid (malondialdehyde - MDA) and protein (protein carbonyl - PCn) oxidation, TNF, IFN-γ, IL-10, and MCP-1/CCL2, anti-T. cruzi IgG, cardiac troponin I levels, as well as inflammatory infiltrate and cardiac damage in T. cruzi-infected mice. Our findings indicate that DNP aggravated heart infection and microstructural cardiomyocytes damage in infected mice. These responses were related to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of DNP, which favors infection by weakening the pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory protective mechanisms of the infected host. Conversely, Bz-induced cardioprotective effects combined effective anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic responses, which protect against heart infection, oxidative stress, and microstructural damage in Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Edson Caetano-da-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elda Gonçalves-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elisa L B C Domingues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ivo S Caldas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Graziela D A Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lívia F Diniz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Reggiani V Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rômulo D Novaes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Kahramanoğullari M, Erişir M, Yaman M, Parlak Ak T. Effects of naringenin on oxidative damage and apoptosis in liver and kidney in rats subjected to chronic mercury chloride. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:2937-2947. [PMID: 38308452 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Mercury chloride is a type of heavy metal that causes the formation of free radicals, causing hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and apoptosis. In this study, the effects of naringenin on oxidative stress and apoptosis in the liver and kidney of rats exposed to mercury chloride were investigated. In the study, 41 2-month-old male Wistar-Albino rats were divided into five groups. Accordingly, group 1 was set as control group, group 2 as naringenin-100, group 3 as mercury chloride, group 4 as mercury chloride + naringenin-50, and group 5 as mercury chloride + naringenin-100. For the interventions, 1 mL/kg saline was administered to the control, 0.4 mg/kg/day mercury (II) chloride to the mercury chloride groups by i.p., and 50 and 100 mg/kg/day naringenin prepared in corn oil to the naringenin groups by gavage. All the interventions lasted for 20 days. Mercury chloride administration was initiated 1 h following the administration of naringenin. When mercury chloride and the control group were compared, a significant increase in plasma urea, liver and kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, in kidney superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities (p < .001), and a significant decrease in liver and kidney glutathione (GSH) levels (p < .001), in liver catalase (CAT) activity (p < .01) were observed. In addition, histopathological changes and a significant increase in caspase-3 levels were detected (p < .05). When mercury chloride and treatment groups were compared, the administration of naringenin caused a decrease aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p < .01), urea, creatinine levels (p < .001) in plasma, MDA levels in liver and kidney, SOD, GSH-Px, GST activities in kidney (p < .001), and increased GSH levels in liver and kidney. The addition of naringenin-100 increased GSH levels above the control (p < .001). The administration of naringenin was also decreased histopathological changes and caspase-3 levels (p < .05). Accordingly, it was determined that naringenin is protective and therapeutic against mercury chloride-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in the liver and kidney, and 100 mg/kg naringenin is more effective in preventing histopathological changes and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kahramanoğullari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Mine Erişir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Mine Yaman
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Tuba Parlak Ak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
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Sayed AEDH, Emeish WFA, Bakry KA, Al-Amgad Z, Lee JS, Mansour S. Polystyrene nanoplastic and engine oil synergistically intensify toxicity in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus : Polystyrene nanoplastic and engine oil toxicity in Nile tilapia. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:143. [PMID: 38622626 PMCID: PMC11020678 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Polystyrene nanoplastic (PS-NPs) and Engine oil (EO) pose multiple ecotoxic effects with increasing threat to fish ecosystems. The current study investigated the toxicity of 15 days exposure to PS-NPs and / or EO to explore their combined synergistic effects on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus). Hematobiochemical parameters, proinflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress biomarkers as well as histological alterations were evaluated. The experimental design contained 120 acclimated Nile tilapia distributed into four groups, control, PS-NPs (5 mg/L), EO (1%) and their combination (PS-NPs + EO). After 15-days of exposure, blood and tissue samples were collected from all fish experimental groups. Results indicated that Nile tilapia exposed to PS-NPs and / or EO revealed a significant decrease in almost all the measured hematological parameters in comparison to the control, whereas WBCs and lymphocyte counts were significantly increased in the combined group only. Results clarified that the combined PS-NPs + EO group showed the maximum decrease in RBCs, Hb, MCH and MCHC, and showed the maximum significant rise in interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in comparison to all other exposed groups. Meanwhile, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) showed a significant (p < 0.05) decline only in the combination group, whereas reduced glutathione (GSH) showed a significant decline in all exposed groups in comparison to the control. Both malondialdehyde (MDA) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) showed a significant elevation only in the combination group. Uric acid showed the maximum elevation in the combination group than all other groups, whereas creatinine showed significant elevation in the EO and combination group when compared to the control. Furthermore, the present experiment proved that exposure to these toxicants either individually or in combination is accompanied by pronounced histomorpholgical damage characterized by severe necrosis and hemorrhage of the vital organs of Nile tilapia, additionally extensively inflammatory conditions with leucocytes infiltration. We concluded that combination exposure to both PS-NPs and EO caused severe anemia, extreme inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation effects, thus they can synergize with each other to intensify toxicity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Biology Research & Studies Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | | | - Karima A Bakry
- Fish Diseases Department, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Al-Amgad
- General Authority for Veterinary Services, Qena Veterinary Directorate, Qena, Egypt
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Salwa Mansour
- Zoology Department, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Liao Z, Cui X, Luo X, Ma Q, Wei Y, Liang M, Xu H. Exposure of farmed fish to petroleum hydrocarbon pollution and the recovery process: A simulation experiment with tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169743. [PMID: 38163595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbon (PH) pollution threatens both wild and farmed marine fish. How this pollution affects the nutrient metabolism in fish and whether this effect can be recovered have not been well-known. The present study aimed to evaluate these effects with a feeding trial on tiger puffer, an important farmed species in Asia. In a 6-week feeding trial conducted in indoor flow-through water, fish were fed a control diet (C) or diets supplemented with diesel oil (0.02 % and 0.2 % of dry matter, named LD and HD, respectively). Following this feeding trial was a 4-week recovery period, during which all fish were fed a same normal commercial feed. At the end of the 6-week feeding trial, dietary PH significantly decreased the fish growth and lipid content. The PH significantly accumulated in fish tissues, in particular the liver, and caused damages in all tissues examined in terms of histology, anti-oxidation status, and serum biochemical changes. Dietary PH also changed the volatile flavor compound profile in the muscle. The hepatic transcriptome assay showed that the HD diet tended to inhibit the DNA replication, cell cycle and lipid synthesis, but to stimulate the transcription of genes related to liver protection/repair and lipid catabolism. The 4-week recovery period to some extent mitigated the damage caused by PH. After the recovery period, the inter-group differences in some parameters disappeared. However, the differences in lipid content, anti-oxidase activity, liver PH concentration, and histological structure still existed. In addition, differences in cellular chemical homeostasis and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction at the transcriptional level can still be observed, indicated by the hepatic transcriptome assay. In conclusion, 6 weeks of dietary PH exposure significantly impaired the growth performance and health status of farmed tiger puffer, and a short-term recovery period (4 weeks) was not sufficient to completely mitigate this impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangbin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xishuai Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Functional Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshang Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mengqing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Functional Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshang Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Houguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Functional Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshang Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Umer M, Nisa MU, Ahmad N, Rahim MA, Al-Asmari F. Effects of different levels of dried onion powder on nutrient digestibility, biochemical parameters, and nitrogen balance in Wistar albino rats with induced hyperuricemia. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1273286. [PMID: 38111897 PMCID: PMC10725973 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1273286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Onions (Allium cepa L.) are excellent sources of bioactive compounds and phytochemicals such as allicin, quercetin, fisetin, and other sulfurous compounds. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the effects of dried onion powder on growth performance, nitrogen balance, and biochemical parameters in Wistar albino rats with induced hyperuricemia. Methods: A total of 24 rats were randomly divided into four groups, with six in each group: HU (positive control) and HOT1, HOT2, and HOT3 groups, which received a diet containing onion powder at concentrations of 11.13, 14.84, and 18.61 g/100 g, respectively. Hyperuricemia was induced in rats by administering a new formulation intraperitoneally (250 mg/kg potassium oxonate) and orally (40 mg/kg potassium bromate) daily for 14 days. After confirmation of hyperuricemia induction, rats were fed with onion-treated diets with various concentrations of quercetin for 21 days. Results: Significant decreases (p ≤ 0.05) in serum uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein were observed. An increasing trend (p ≤ 0.05) in the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), and platelet count was observed. An improvement in the levels of serum high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, serum total protein and neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes was observed. A positive progress (p ≤ 0.05) was observed in growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Conclusion: In conclusion, a significantly lower uric acid level was observed in rats fed with HOT2 diet. Based on the ratio of the surface area (human/rat), the best recommended dose of onion for the incidence and prevention of hyperuricemia is 189.95 g, corresponding to the dose of 204 mg/day of quercetin in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mahr Un Nisa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdul Rahim
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, Times Institute, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Al-Asmari
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Lu Y, Pan X, Cao C, Fan S, Tan H, Cui S, Liu Y, Cui D. MnO 2 Coated Mesoporous PdPt Nanoprobes for Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species and Solving Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300163. [PMID: 37184887 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most widely used drugs, acetaminophen, is the leading cause of acute liver injury. In addition, acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI) has a strong relationship with the overproduced reactive oxygen species, which can be effectively eliminated by nanozymes. To address these challenges, mesoporous PdPt@MnO2 nanoprobes (PPM NPs) mimicking peroxide, catalase, and superoxide dismutase-like properties are synthesized. They demonstrate nontoxicity, high colloidal stability, and exceptional reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging ability. By scavenging excessive ROS, decreasing inflammatory cytokines, and inhibiting the recruitment and activation of monocyte/macrophage cells and neutrophils, the pathology mechanism of PPM NPs in AILI is confirmed. Moreover, PPM NPs' therapeutic effect and good biocompatibility may facilitate the clinical treatment of AILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xinni Pan
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200235, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Cao
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Fan
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200235, P. R. China
| | - Haisong Tan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Shengsheng Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yanlei Liu
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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10
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Aprioku JS, Amamina AM, Nnabuenyi PA. Mancozeb-induced hepatotoxicity: protective role of curcumin in rat animal model. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:107-116. [PMID: 36866214 PMCID: PMC9972844 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mancozeb-a widely used fungicide in the agricultural sector-is believed to cause toxicity by increasing oxidative stress. This work investigated the efficacy of curcumin in protecting mancozeb-induced hepatotoxicity. Materials and Methods Mature Wistar rats were assigned into 4 equal groups: control, mancozeb (30 mg/kg/day, ip), curcumin (100 mg/kg/day, po), and mancozeb+curcumin. The experiment lasted for 10 days. Results Our results reported that mancozeb elevated aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyltranspeptidase enzyme activities, and total bilirubin level in plasma; and decreased total protein and albumin levels, compared with the control group (P < 0.05-0.001). Hepatic tissue levels of malondialdehyde, and advanced oxidation protein products were significantly increased; whereas activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, as well as levels of reduced glutathione, vitamin C, and total protein were reduced (P < 0.05-0.001). Histopathological examination showed marked histological changes. Co-treatment with curcumin improved the antioxidant activity; reversed oxidative stress and biochemical changes; and restored most of the liver histo-morphological alterations; thus, attenuating the hepatic toxicities induced by mancozeb. Conclusion These results indicated that curcumin could protect against detrimental hepatic effects induced by mancozeb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Sydney Aprioku
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, Choba, Rivers State, PMB 5323, Nigeria
| | - Ayanabia Monica Amamina
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, Choba, Rivers State, PMB 5323, Nigeria
| | - Perpetua Amarachi Nnabuenyi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, Choba, Rivers State, PMB 5323, Nigeria
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11
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Rofaeil RR, Welson NN, Fawzy MA, Ahmed AF, Atta M, Bahaa El-Deen MA, Abdelzaher WY. The IL-6/HO-1/STAT3 signaling pathway is implicated in the amelioration of acetaminophen-induced hepatic toxicity: A neonatal rat model. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231151376. [PMID: 36625353 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231151376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of acetaminophen (APAP) in children as an over-the-counter treatment can cause acute liver failure through accidental overdose or ingestion. Therefore, the current research sought to investigate the function of hemin in mitigating the acute hepatotoxic effect of APAP in rat offspring. Thirty-two rats were assigned into four groups: control, hemin, APAP, and hemin/APAP groups. Liver enzymes were measured in serum along with oxidative stress indicators, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), total nitrites (NOx), and caspase 3 in liver. Immunoblotting of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), Janus kinase 2 (Jak2), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was carried out. The Bax/Bcl2 mRNA expression ratio was determined. A histological study and an immunohistochemical study of phosphorylated STAT3 were also done. Hemin reduced liver enzymes, MDA, TNF-α, NOx, caspase 3, IL-1β, p-STAT3 expression, p-Jak2 expression, IL-6 expression, and Bax/Bcl2 mRNA expression ratio. In contrast, hemin increased GSH, TAC, and the expression of HO-1, improving the histopathological picture of liver tissue. Thus, hemin could ameliorate APAP-induced hepatic toxicity in rat offspring through anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory actions with a possible role for the IL-6/HO-1/Jak2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remon Roshdy Rofaeil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 68877Minia University, Minia, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology, Deraya University, New Minia City, Egypt
| | - Nermeen N Welson
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, 158411Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Michael A Fawzy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 68877Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Amira F Ahmed
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 68877Minia University, Minia, Egypt.,Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Misr University for Science and Technology, October City, Egypt
| | - Medhat Atta
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 68877Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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12
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Sombetzki M, Reinholdt C, Winkelmann F, Rabes A, Koslowski N, Reisinger EC. A one-year unisexual Schistosoma mansoni infection causes pathologic organ alterations and persistent non-polarized T cell-mediated inflammation in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1010932. [PMID: 36505463 PMCID: PMC9730239 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In exhibiting gonochorism and phenotypic sexual dimorphism, Schistosoma spp. are unique among trematodes. Only females mating with male schistosomes can produce the highly immunogenic parasite eggs which determine the clinical picture of the disease schistosomiasis. The strong immune-modulatory effect of the eggs masks the influence of the adult worms. To shed light on the complexity of the immune response triggered by adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni, we performed a long-term unisexual infection experiment in mice. We were able to demonstrate that both male and female schistosomes can survive unpaired for one year in the murine host. Furthermore, unisexual S. mansoni infection leads to pronounced inflammation of the liver characterized by a non-polarized Th1/Th2 immune response, regardless of worm sex.
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13
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Jiang T, Li Y, Li L, Liang T, Du M, Yang L, Yang J, Yang R, Zhao H, Chen M, Ding Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Xie X, Wu Q. Bifidobacterium longum 070103 Fermented Milk Improve Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders by Regulating Gut Microbiota in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194050. [PMID: 36235706 PMCID: PMC9573661 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fermented milk is beneficial for metabolic disorders, while the underlying mechanisms of action remain unclear. This study explored the benefits and underlying mechanisms of Bifidobacterium longum 070103 fermented milk (BLFM) in thirteen-week high-fat and high-sugar (HFHS) fed mice using omics techniques. Methods and results: BLFM with activated glucokinase (GK) was screened by a double-enzyme coupling method. After supplementing BLFM with 10 mL/kg BW per day, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and leptin were significantly reduced compared with the HFHS group. Among them, the final body weight (BW), epididymal fat, perirenal fat, and brown fat in BLFM group had better change trends than Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG fermented milk (LGGFM) group. The amplicon and metabolomic data analysis identified Bifibacterium as a key gut microbiota at regulating glycolipid metabolism. BLFM reverses HFHS-induced reduction in bifidobacteria abundance. Further studies showed that BLFM significantly reduces the content of 3-indoxyl sulofphate associated with intestinal barrier damage. In addition, mice treated with BLFM improved BW, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. Conclusion: BLFM consumption attenuates obesity and related symptoms in HFHS-fed mice probably via the modulation of gut microbes and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Jiang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Longyan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Tingting Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Mingzhu Du
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Lingshuang Yang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Runshi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (X.X.); (Q.W.)
| | - Xinqiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (X.X.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qingping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (X.X.); (Q.W.)
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14
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Yao Y, Wang H, Yang Y, Jiang Z, Ma H. Dehydroepiandrosterone activates the GPER-mediated AMPK signaling pathway to alleviate the oxidative stress and inflammatory response in laying hens fed with high-energy and low-protein diets. Life Sci 2022; 308:120926. [PMID: 36058264 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) seriously threatens the layer industry due to it can cause a sudden decline in egg production and acute death, and dietary supplement with bioactive substance is considered an effective way to prevent the FLHS occurrence. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a popular dietary supplement and it possesses anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory functions; however, the effect and underlying mechanism about DHEA in protecting against the occurrence and development of FLHS remain elucidated. The current results showed that DHEA relieved HELP-induced decrease of egg productivity and liver injury in laying hens. Meanwhile, DHEA markedly enhanced the antioxidant capacity and then alleviated oxidative stress via activation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF-2) signal in laying hens fed with HELP diets. In addition, DHEA significantly alleviated HELP-stimulated systemic inflammatory response by suppressing the overproduction of hepatic pro-inflammatory factors in laying hens, and further found this beneficial effect was achieved by blocking the activation of NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, we found that DHEA promoted the AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) activation and increased the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) expression level in laying hens fed with HELP diets. In summary, our data demonstrated that DHEA attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation through the activation of GPER-AMPK signal axis in laying hens fed with HELP diets. These results might facilitate an understanding of the benefits and mechanism of DHEA on the development of FLHS, and provide sufficient data to support it as a dietary supplement to control the FLHS-related metabolic diseases in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haitian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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15
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Murillo-Villicaña M, Noriega-Cisneros R, Peña-Montes DJ, Huerta-Cervantes M, Aguilera-Méndez A, Cortés-Rojo C, Salgado-Garciglia R, Montoya-Pérez R, Riveros-Rosas H, Saavedra-Molina A. Antilipidemic and Hepatoprotective Effects of Ethanol Extract of Justicia spicigera in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091946. [PMID: 35565913 PMCID: PMC9099835 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a factor that contributes to the development of complications in diabetes; however, its effects can be counteracted using exogenous antioxidants that are found in some plants, which is why people turn to traditional medicines in the search for therapeutic treatment. Justicia spicigera has been demonstrated to have the capacity to reduce glycemic levels; however, its effects on non-insulin-dependent organs such as the liver have not been reported. During 30 days of administration of Justicia spicigera ethanol extract, the blood glucose and weight of rats were measured every 5 days. Once the treatment was concluded, the rats were sacrificed. Corporal weight, blood glucose, cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglycerides, total lipids, and liver profile were reduced in the diabetic condition and normalized with the application of ethanol extract from J. spicigera (EJS). Additionally, there was a significant increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase activity in the control diabetic rats, a decrease in their activity with the extract administration, and no effect on normoglycemic rats. In conclusion, EJS is considered to be capable of reducing oxidative stress by maintaining diminished lipid and liver function profiles in male Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Murillo-Villicaña
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico; (M.M.-V.); (D.J.P.-M.); (M.H.-C.); (A.A.-M.); (C.C.-R.); (R.S.-G.); (R.M.-P.)
| | - Ruth Noriega-Cisneros
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico;
| | - Donovan J. Peña-Montes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico; (M.M.-V.); (D.J.P.-M.); (M.H.-C.); (A.A.-M.); (C.C.-R.); (R.S.-G.); (R.M.-P.)
| | - Maribel Huerta-Cervantes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico; (M.M.-V.); (D.J.P.-M.); (M.H.-C.); (A.A.-M.); (C.C.-R.); (R.S.-G.); (R.M.-P.)
| | - Asdrubal Aguilera-Méndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico; (M.M.-V.); (D.J.P.-M.); (M.H.-C.); (A.A.-M.); (C.C.-R.); (R.S.-G.); (R.M.-P.)
| | - Christian Cortés-Rojo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico; (M.M.-V.); (D.J.P.-M.); (M.H.-C.); (A.A.-M.); (C.C.-R.); (R.S.-G.); (R.M.-P.)
| | - Rafael Salgado-Garciglia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico; (M.M.-V.); (D.J.P.-M.); (M.H.-C.); (A.A.-M.); (C.C.-R.); (R.S.-G.); (R.M.-P.)
| | - Rocío Montoya-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico; (M.M.-V.); (D.J.P.-M.); (M.H.-C.); (A.A.-M.); (C.C.-R.); (R.S.-G.); (R.M.-P.)
| | - Héctor Riveros-Rosas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Alfredo Saavedra-Molina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico; (M.M.-V.); (D.J.P.-M.); (M.H.-C.); (A.A.-M.); (C.C.-R.); (R.S.-G.); (R.M.-P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-443-326-5790
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16
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Kim C, Zu S, Kouros-Mehr H, Khaldoyanidi S. Incidence of Elevated Aminotransferases With or Without Bilirubin Elevation During Treatment With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Retrospective Study of Patients From Community Oncology Clinics in the United States. Cureus 2022; 14:e24053. [PMID: 35573501 PMCID: PMC9095812 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The elevation of aminotransferase levels is regarded as an indicator of hepatocellular injury. The objective of this study was to describe real-world incidence of elevated aminotransferase levels with or without bilirubin elevation among patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for solid tumors. Methods This retrospective cohort study used an electronic health record database representing > 1.5 million active United States (US) cancer patients and included patients diagnosed with any cancer between January 1, 2014 and March 31, 2019, and treated with one or more ICIs such as ipilimumab, tremelimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab. The frequency, onset, duration, management of grade ≥ 3 elevation of aminotransferase levels with or without bilirubin elevation events, progression rate from isolated elevation of aminotransferase levels (IAT) to elevated aminotransferase levels with elevated bilirubin (ATWB), and mortality were described. Results Overall, 69,140 patients received 85,433 treatment courses. A total of 1,799 (2.11%) IAT and 441 (0.52%) ATWB events were observed during treatment courses. The median onset was 51 and 42 days for IAT and ATWB, respectively, across treatment courses, and the median duration of both was approximately seven days. Approximately 5% (n=96) of IAT events progressed to ATWB in a median time of 11 days. The proportion of patients who received corticosteroids after elevated aminotransferase levels with or without bilirubin was ~37% (n=671/1,799 of IAT and n=147/441 of ATWB) and ~8% discontinued ICI treatment (n=118/1,799 of IAT and n=43/441 of ATWB). About 46% (n=68/147) of ATWB and and 25% (n=172/671) of IAT events treated with steroids led to death within 45 days. Similarly, 49% (n=21/43) of ATWB and 35% (n=42/118) of IAT events leading to treatment discontinuation led to death within 45 days. Conclusions Real-world data from oncology clinics in US suggest low incidence of grade ≥ 3 elevated aminotransferase levels with or without bilirubin elevation following treatment with ICIs. In most cases, ICI treatment was not discontinued and management of elevated aminotransferases consisted of corticosteroid treatment in one-third of cases.
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17
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Makhuvele R, Foubert K, Hermans N, Pieters L, Verschaeve L, Elgorashi E. Protective effects of methanolic leaf extracts of Monanthotaxis caffra against aflatoxin B1-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2022; 89:e1-e6. [PMID: 35384682 PMCID: PMC8991193 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v89i1.1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are potent hepatotoxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic fungi. The present study investigated the protective effect of methanolic leaf extracts of Monanthotaxis caffra (MLEMC) against aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 8 animals each. Five groups were administered orally for seven days with three different concentrations of MLEMC (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg), curcumin (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (25% propylene glycol). The following day, these groups were administered 1 mg/kg b.w. of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The experiment was terminated three days after administration of AFB1. Group 6 represented untreated healthy control. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine and liver histopathology were evaluated. Methanolic leaf extracts of M. caffra decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine in the sera of rats as compared with the AFB1 intoxicated group. Co-administration of MLEMC improved the histological characteristics of the hepatocytes in contrast to the AFB1 treated group, which had mild to severe hepatocellular injuries including bile duct proliferation, bile duct hyperplasia, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and fibrosis. Extracts of M. caffra were beneficial in mitigating the hepatotoxic effects of AFB1 in rats by reducing the levels of liver enzymes and preventing hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhulani Makhuvele
- Toxicology and Ethnoveterinary Medicine, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary research, Onderstepoort, South Africa; and, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort.
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Lai W, Xu D, Li J, Wang Z, Ding Y, Wang X, Li X, Xu N, Mai K, Ai Q. Dietary polystyrene nanoplastics exposure alters liver lipid metabolism and muscle nutritional quality in carnivorous marine fish large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126454. [PMID: 34198221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) cause various adverse effects on marine fish. However, effects of dietary NPs exposure on liver lipid metabolism and muscle nutritional quality of carnivorous marine fish are not fully understood. In this study, a 21-day feeding test was conducted to simulate the food chain transfer of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NPs) and then evaluate effects of different dietary PS NPs levels on the survival, growth performance, liver lipid metabolism, and muscle nutritional quality of large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. Results indicated that the survival and growth of large yellow croaker decreased with the increase of PS NPs levels. Moreover, PS NPs induced excessive liver lipid accumulation by down-regulating the expression of lipolysis-related genes and inhibiting the AMPK-PPARα signaling pathway. In vitro, PS NPs could be accumulated in hepatocytes, reduce cell viability, and disrupt lipid metabolism of hepatocytes. Also, we found for the first time that PS NPs altered fatty acid composition and texture of fish muscle by enhancing oxidative stress and disrupting lipid metabolism. Overall, this study indicated that PS NPs induced liver lipid deposition by inhibiting lipolysis, and demonstrated that PS NPs altered the nutritional quality of fish, which might cause potential health effects for human consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Dan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xiuneng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xueshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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Mazzeti AL, Gonçalves KR, Mota SLA, Pereira DE, Diniz LDF, Bahia MT. Combination therapy using nitro compounds improves the efficacy of experimental Chagas disease treatment. Parasitology 2021; 148:1320-1327. [PMID: 34247670 PMCID: PMC11010181 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Drug combinations have been evaluated for Chagas disease in an attempt to improve efficacy and safety. In this line, the objective of this work is to assess the effects of treatment with nitro drugs combinations using benznidazole (BZ) or nifurtimox (NFX) plus the sulfone metabolite of fexinidazole (fex-SFN) in vitro and in vivo on Trypanosoma cruzi infection. The in vitro interaction of fex-SFN and BZ or NFX against infected H9c2 cells by the Y strain was classified as an additive (0.5⩾ΣFIC<4), suggesting the possibility of a dose reduction in the in vivo T. cruzi infection. Next, the effect of combining suboptimal doses was assessed in an acute model of murine T. cruzi infection. Drug combinations led to a faster suppression of parasitemia than monotherapies. Also, the associations led to higher cure levels than those in the reference treatment BZ 100 mg day−1 (57.1%) (i.e. 83.3% with BZ/fex-SFN and 75% with NFX/fex-SFN). Importantly, toxic effects resulting from the associations were not observed, according to weight gain and hepatic enzyme levels in the serum of experimental animals. Taken together, this study is a starting point to explore the potential effects of nitro drugs combinations in preclinical models of kinetoplastid-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lia Mazzeti
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Escola de Medicina & Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG35400-000, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ21040-360, Brazil
| | - Karolina R. Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Escola de Medicina & Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG35400-000, Brazil
| | - Suianne L. A. Mota
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Escola de Medicina & Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG35400-000, Brazil
| | - Dário Elias Pereira
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Escola de Medicina & Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG35400-000, Brazil
| | - Lívia de F. Diniz
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Básica, Departamento de Patologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG37130-001, Brazil
| | - Maria Terezinha Bahia
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Escola de Medicina & Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG35400-000, Brazil
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Hepatoprotective Effect of Apigenin Against Liver Injury via the Non-canonical NF-κB Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro. Inflammation 2021; 43:1634-1648. [PMID: 32458347 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin, a flavonoid found in many plants, has various biological properties. We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity of apigenin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury in mice and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells and possible mechanism. In vivo, apigenin significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in serum of mice challenged by CCl4 and markedly alleviated the lipid peroxidation as indicated by the increased level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidases (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), and the decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue. Apigenin also ameliorated inflammation by downregulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and upregulating IL-10. Consistently, the elevated ALT and AST level; the impaired balance between SOD, GSH activity, and excessive ROS; and the increased gene expression of TNF-α and IL-6 resulting from H2O2-induced oxidative stress were restored by apigenin. Moreover, the results from Western blot, real-time qPCR, and immunofluorescence assay indicated that apigenin enhanced the activity of TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 2/3 and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein (c-IAP) 1, ameliorated NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK), and mediated the nuclear translocation of NF-κB2, therefore had an inhibitory effect on the non-canonical NF-κB pathway which was activated in both models. siNIK canceled the protective effect of apigenin on H2O2-induced HepG2 cells. Altogether, our results demonstrated that apigenin mitigated liver injury by ameliorating inflammation and oxidative stress through suppression of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway, indicating the potential of apigenin for treatment of the liver injury.
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Djabir YY, Adnan J, Amalia N, Ramli N, Sartini S, Mamada SS, Usmar U. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyx water extract ameliorates isoniazid and rifampicin induced liver and renal injuries in rats. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2021.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyces possess natural antioxidants that may provide therapeutic benefits. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Roselle calyx water extract against isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) induced liver and renal toxicities.Methods: Male Wistar rats (150-250 g) were designated into five groups: control group, INH-RIF group that was treated with INH-RIF at the toxic doses (50-100 mg/kg for 4 weeks, followed by 100-200 mg/kg for 2 weeks), and Roselle groups that were treated daily with Roselle extract at the doses 62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg, respectively prior to INH-RIF administration. Blood samples were withdrawn weekly for 6 weeks before removing rats’ livers and kidneys for tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and histopathological analysis.Results: The results showed all rats in the INH-RIF group experienced marked elevations of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, creatinine, and tissue MDA levels compared to the controls (P<0.05). In contrast, these biomarkers were maintained at near-normal levels in Roselle extract groups. Significant inflammation and cellular degeneration were found in the liver and renal tissues of the INH-RIF group, which were noticeably reduced with Roselle extract pre-treatment at the dose of 250 mg/kg.Conclusion: It is concluded that Roselle calyx extract can provide protection against liver and renal toxicities induced by INH-RIF administration in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Yusrini Djabir
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Jumasni Adnan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Amalia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Nurfadillah Ramli
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Sartini Sartini
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Sukamto Salang Mamada
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Usmar Usmar
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia
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Effects of Acute Ammonia Stress on Antioxidant Responses, Histopathology and Ammonia Detoxification Metabolism in Triangle Sail Mussels (Hyriopsis cumingii). WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13040425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is one of the major pollutants in the aquatic ecosystem. Hyriopsis cumingii has great potential for the restoration of eutrophic water. However, there is no study investigating the effect of ammonia exposure in H. cumingii. The median lethal concentration (96 h LC50) of unionized ammonium was 12.86 mg/L in H. cumingii. In the study, H. cumingii were exposed to 6.43 mg L−1 unionized ammonium (1/2 96 h LC50) for 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. High environment ammonia induced antioxidant response to protect the body from oxidative damage. After exposure to ammonia, there was a same trend of induction followed by inhibition of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferases (GST) in the hepatopancreas and gills of H. cumingii. However, the antioxidant response could not completely counteract the oxidation effect during the exposure period, resulting in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and tissue injury in the hepatopancreas and gills of H. cumingii eventually. Moreover, this study indicated that glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) in the hepatopancreas and gills may play an important role in ammonia detoxification of H. cumingii. Our results will be helpful to understand the mechanism of aquatic toxicology induced by ammonia in shellfish.
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Effect of Berberis vulgaris L. root extract on ifosfamide-induced in vivo toxicity and in vitro cytotoxicity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1708. [PMID: 33462261 PMCID: PMC7814047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ifosfamide is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent having broad-spectrum efficacy against several tumors. However, nephro, hepato, neuro cardio, and hematological toxicities associated with ifosfamide render its use limited. These side effects could range from organ failure to life-threatening situations. The present study aimed to evaluate the attenuating efficiency of Berberis vulgaris root extract (BvRE), a potent nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, and lipid-lowering agent, against ifosfamide-induced toxicities. The study design comprised eight groups of Swiss albino rats to assess different dose regimes of BvRE and ifosfamide. Biochemical analysis of serum (serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, total cholesterol, and triglycerides) along with complete blood count was performed. Kidney, liver, brain, and heart tissue homogenates were used to find malondialdehyde, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase levels in addition to the acetylcholinesterase of brain tissue. The results were further validated with the help of the histopathology of the selected organs. HeLa cells were used to assess the effect of BvRE on ifosfamide cytotoxicity in MTT assay. The results revealed that pre- and post-treatment regimens of BvRE, as well as the combination therapy exhibited marked protective effects against ifosfamide-induced nephro, hepato, neuro, and cardiotoxicity. Moreover, ifosfamide depicted a synergistic in vitro cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells in the presence of BvRE. These results corroborate that the combination therapy of ifosfamide with BvRE in cancer treatment can potentiate the anticancer effects of ifosfamide along with the amelioration of its conspicuous side effects.
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Phadmacanty NLPR, Wulansari D, Agusta A, Widyarini S, Kurniasih. Oral subchronic toxicity of (+)-2,2’epicytoskyrin a on male mice ( Mus musculus). BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213306007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(+)-2,2’Epicytoskyrin A (EpiA) is a secondary metabolite derived from an endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. associated with the Gambier plant. EpiA has been reported to possess anticancer, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. In a mouse model, EpiA was also shown to low oral toxicity. Until now, there is no negative effect of EpiA reported yet. This study aimed to study the subchronic toxicity of this component in mice. This study used 60 male mice (Mus musculus) which were divided into four groups of treatments. Parameters that were analyzed were body weight, food consumption, blood chemicals, and histology. The results showed no significant difference in body weight gain and food consumption in all groups. Blood chemicals analysis showed increasing AST and ALT in dosage 12.5 mg/kg BW groups at day 90. Histological changes showed fatty degeneration and hydropic degeneration in the liver and mild inflammation in the kidney. No irreversible toxic effect of this component. So it can be beneficial for plant-based drug discovery. On the other hand, this study provides information about the safety of the development of EpiA as a drug candidate.
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Moerland M, Kales AJ, Broekhuizen K, Nässander U, Nelissen R, de Kam ML, Peeters PAM, Burggraaf J. Proof of pharmacology of Org 48775-0, a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 87:2321-2332. [PMID: 33201520 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the highly selective oral p38alpha/beta mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor Org 48,775-0 in a first-in-human study. METHODS In the single ascending dosing (SAD) study, an oral dose of Org 48,775-0 (0.3-600 mg) was evaluated in healthy males. In the multiple ascending dosing (MAD) study, levels of 30, 70 and 150 mg were dosed for six consecutive days, twice daily. Both studies were performed in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over fashion and evaluated pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics (ex vivo inhibition of lipopolysaccharide [LPS]-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) release) and routine clinical and laboratory data. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of Org 48,775-0 were compared between healthy males and postmenopausal females, and the effect of a standardized fat meal was evaluated. RESULTS All adverse events observed in the SAD (16; dizziness and headache, diarrhoea and catheter-related phlebitis) and MAD (43; mainly somnolence, dizziness, headache and nasopharyngitis) cohorts were mild, transient and completely reversible. Pharmacokinetics were linear up to single doses of 400 mg. Median Tmax ranged from 0.5 to 1.8 hours, geometric mean for T1/2 from 7.0 to 14.4 hours. Org 48,775-0 doses equal to and greater than 30 mg significantly inhibited LPS-induced TNFα release (42.3%; 95% CI = -65.2, -4.3) compared to placebo. In the MAD study, Org 48,775-0 treatment inhibited LPS-induced TNFα release during the entire steady-state period. Levels of inhibition amounted 30-75% for 30 mg, 53-80% for 70 mg and 77-92% for 150 mg Org 48,775-0. CONCLUSION Org 48,775-0 has the capacity to significantly inhibit MAP kinase activity in humans without safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Moerland
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea J Kales
- Former affiliation Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ulla Nässander
- Former affiliation Organon/Schering Plough, Oss, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Nelissen
- Former affiliation Organon/Schering Plough, Oss, the Netherlands
| | | | - Pierre A M Peeters
- Former affiliation Organon/Schering Plough, Oss, the Netherlands.,Present affiliation Curare Consulting, Etten-Leur, the Netherlands
| | - Jacobus Burggraaf
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Aprioku JS, Gospel P. Concurrent administration of acetaminophen and ethanol: impact on mouse liver and testis. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:1065-1074. [PMID: 34898134 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acetaminophen (paracetamol) and alcohol are widely consumed as analgesic/antipyretic and recreational agent, respectively. High doses of both agents induce liver and male reproductive toxicities. This study investigated the toxicological outcome of concurrent administration of paracetamol and ethanol in the liver and testis in mice. METHODS Animals were gavaged paracetamol (250 mg/kg), ethanol (3 g/kg) or paracetamol + ethanol for 2 d. Some groups were sacrificed 12 h after the last dose, while others were sacrificed 21 d posttreatment for reversibility study. Control group received carboxymethylcellulose sodium (0.2%). Serum levels of liver biochemical indices and epididymal sperm were analysed. Histopathological analysis of the liver and testis were also performed. RESULTS Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and bilirubin in serum were elevated (p<0.001); whereas albumin and total protein were reduced (p<0.001) in paracetamol or ethanol groups compared to control. In the combination group, only mild elevation of ALT (p<0.05) was observed. Additionally, hepatocyte necrosis occurred in the livers of paracetamol and ethanol groups, while only mild inflammatory changes were seen in the combination group. All liver indices were normal in reversibility study animals. Furthermore, sperm count, motility, viability and morphology did not change in all treated animals, except that sperm count was decreased (p<0.05) in paracetamol group. Testis histology of all animal groups were normal. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that simultaneous treatment with acute paracetamol and ethanol doses will possibly minimize hepatotoxicity and reduction of epididymal sperm reserve by the individual agents, and the toxicities are reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Sydney Aprioku
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers, Nigeria
| | - Precious Gospel
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers, Nigeria
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Long Y, Wei H, Li J, Li M, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Cao T, Carlos C, German LG, Jiang D, Sun T, Engle JW, Lan X, Jiang Y, Cai W, Wang X. Prevention of Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Carbohydrate-Derived Nanoantioxidants. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6510-6519. [PMID: 32786929 PMCID: PMC7484346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), which mainly results from excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by a reperfusion burst of oxygen, has long been a major cause of liver dysfunction and failure after surgical procedures. Here, a monodispersed hydrophilic carbohydrate-derived nanoparticle (C-NP) was synthesized as a nanoantioxidant that could effectively prevent hepatic IRI. The spherical C-NPs had a size of ∼78 ± 11.3 nm covered with polar surface groups. They were well dispersible in water with good colloidal stability, nontoxicity, and good ROS scavenging capability. The C-NPs also exhibited good circulation lifetime, effective delivery to liver, and gradual degradability with an ability to assist the IRI group maintaining a normal and healthy liver status. The pathology mechanism of C-NPs in hepatic IRI was confirmed to be scavenging of excessive ROS by C-NPs. The effective therapeutic treatment of C-NPs in living animals revealed a great potential in clinical prevention for hepatic IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Li
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mengting Li
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430073, China; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Yizhan Wang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Tianye Cao
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Corey Carlos
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Lazarus G. German
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Tuanwei Sun
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jonathan W. Engle
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Yadong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optical Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Ezzat MI, Okba MM, Ahmed SH, El-Banna HA, Prince A, Mohamed SO, Ezzat SM. In-depth hepatoprotective mechanistic study of Phyllanthus niruri: In vitro and in vivo studies and its chemical characterization. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226185. [PMID: 31940365 PMCID: PMC6961881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthus niruri L. is a widespread tropical plant which is used in Ayurvedic system for liver and kidney ailments. The present study aims at specifying the most active hepatoprotective extract of P. niruri and applying a bio-guided protocol to identify the active compounds responsible for this effect. P. niruri aerial parts were extracted separately with water, 50%, 70% and 80% ethanol. The cytoprotective activity of the extracts was evaluated against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in clone-9 and Hepg2 cells. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the aqueous extract (AE) was accomplished for the isolation of the active compounds. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The in vivo hepatoprotective activity of AE was evaluated in CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats at different doses after determination of its LD50. Pretreatment of clone-9 and Hepg2 with different concentrations of AE (1, 0.1, 0.01 mg/ml) had significantly reduced the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) against CCl4 injures, and restored the activity of the natural antioxidants; glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) towards normalization. Fractionation of AE gave four fractions (I-IV). Fractions I, II, and IV showed a significant in vitro hepatoprotective activity. Purification of I, II and IV yielded seven compounds; corilagin C1, isocorilagin C2, brevifolin C3, quercetin C4, kaempferol rhamnoside C5, gallic acid C6, and brevifolin carboxylic acid C7. Compounds C1, C2, C5, and C7 showed the highest (p< 0.001) hepatoprotective potency, while C3, C4, and C6 exhibited a moderate (p< 0.001) activity. The AE exhibited strong antioxidant DPPH (IC50 11.6 ± 2 μg/ml) and FRAP (79.352 ± 2.88 mM Ferrous equivalents) activity. In vivo administration of AE in rats (25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) caused normalization of AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total cholesterol (TC), triglycyrides (TG), total bilirubin (TB), glucose, total proteins (TP), urea and creatinine levels which were elevated by CCl4. AE also decreased TNF-α, NF-KB, IL-6, IL-8, IL10 and COX-2 expression, and significantly antagonizes the effect of CCl4 on the antioxidant enzymes SOD, catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GSP). The histopathological study also supported the hepatoprotective effect of AE. P. niruri isolates exhibited a potent hepatoprotective activity against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in clone-9 and Hepg2 cell lines through reduction of lipid peroxidation and maintaining glutathione in its reduced form. This is attributable to their phenolic nature and hence antioxidative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa I. Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Mona M. Okba
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif H. Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hossny A. El-Banna
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdelbary Prince
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shanaz O. Mohamed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Shahira M. Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
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Wang S, Hu X, Li X. Sub-chronic exposure to Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate induces sex-dependent hepatotoxicity in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:33351-33362. [PMID: 31522405 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As the application and environmental release of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) are being increased rapidly, serious concerns have been raised regarding its adverse effects on human health. Exposure to TDCIPP has been implicated in hepatotoxicity, but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, both male and female Sprague Dawley rats were administered TDCIPP with 125, 250, or 500 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks. Then the ultrastructure of liver, biochemical indicators in serum and liver, and hepatic gene expression were analyzed to reveal molecular mechanisms of hepatotoxicity induced by TDCIPP. Continuous TDCIPP exposure decreased body weight, particularly in 500 mg/kg/day TDCIPP-exposed males, and dose dependently increased the ratio of liver to body weight in both genders. The decreased levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, and transaminase in the serum and livers were observed in both genders after TDCIPP exposure, which indicated dysfunction in the hepatic metabolism. Liver histopathology revealed hepatocellular damages in males and females after TDCIPP exposure. The transcriptomic analysis indicated that TDCIPP exposure significantly changed pathways of bile acid metabolism, inflammatory response, oxidative phosphorylation and carcinogenicity in 250 and 500 mg/kg/day TDCIPP-exposed males and 500 mg/kg/day TDCIPP-exposed females, and there was no statistical significance in any other TDCIPP-exposed groups. The transcriptional analysis showed that TDCIPP exposure led to oxidative stress in the livers of rats, thereby increasing the inflammatory response and promoting mechanisms of carcinogenesis in both genders. Finally, TDCIPP led to more severe adverse phenotypic effects in male than female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- Department of Digestion, General Hospital, Shenyang Military Command, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Schanuel FS, Saguie BO, Monte-Alto-Costa A. Olive oil promotes wound healing of mice pressure injuries through NOS-2 and Nrf2. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:1199-1208. [PMID: 30901524 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The pressure injury environment is characterized by overproduction of reactive oxygen species and exacerbated inflammation, which impair the healing of these lesions. Mediterranean-like diet may be a good intervention to improve the healing of pressure injury owing to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant components. Thus, this study evaluated the hypothesis that olive oil, as a main source of lipid in Mediterranean diet, could improve cutaneous wound healing of pressure injury in mice. Male Swiss mice were randomly divided into standard, olive oil, or soybean oil plus olive oil groups and fat represented 10% of total calories in all groups. Four weeks after the beginning of diet administration, 2 cycles of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) by external application of 2 magnets disks were performed in the dorsal skin to induce pressure injury formation. Fourteen days after the end of the second IR cycle, olive oil-based diet reduced neutrophils cells and cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression and increased nitric oxide synthase-2 and protein and lipid oxidation. Olive oil based-diet also increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 protein expression and collagen type I precursor protein expression. In addition, administration of olive oil-based diet promoted wound closure at 7, 10, and 14 days after the end of the second IR cycle. These findings support the hypothesis that olive oil-based diet improves cutaneous wound healing of pressure injury in mice through the reduction of inflammation and stimulation of redox equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Seabra Schanuel
- Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Histology and Embryology Department - Tissue Repair Laboratory, Av. Marechal Rondon, 381/HLA, RJ 20950-003, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Histology and Embryology Department - Tissue Repair Laboratory, Av. Marechal Rondon, 381/HLA, RJ 20950-003, Brazil
| | - Bianca Oliveira Saguie
- Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Histology and Embryology Department - Tissue Repair Laboratory, Av. Marechal Rondon, 381/HLA, RJ 20950-003, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Histology and Embryology Department - Tissue Repair Laboratory, Av. Marechal Rondon, 381/HLA, RJ 20950-003, Brazil
| | - Andréa Monte-Alto-Costa
- Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Histology and Embryology Department - Tissue Repair Laboratory, Av. Marechal Rondon, 381/HLA, RJ 20950-003, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Histology and Embryology Department - Tissue Repair Laboratory, Av. Marechal Rondon, 381/HLA, RJ 20950-003, Brazil
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Amereh F, Eslami A, Fazelipour S, Rafiee M, Zibaii MI, Babaei M. Thyroid endocrine status and biochemical stress responses in adult male Wistar rats chronically exposed to pristine polystyrene nanoplastics. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:953-963. [PMID: 34055310 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00147f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicity evaluations of micro- or nano-sized plastics in rodent species commonly employed for toxicity analyses based on which risk assessment for humans could be performed are still largely lacking. Given this knowledge gap, the present work was aimed at determining the potential impact of chronic exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NPs) on the thyroid endocrine status and biochemical stress in a rat model. Young adult male rats were orally administered with PS NPs (1, 3, 6 and 10 mg kg-1 day-1) for five weeks. Thyroid hormones (THs) l-thyroxine (T4), l-triiodothyronine (T3), l-free triiodothyronine (FT3), and l-free thyroxine (FT4) as well as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) serum levels of normal rats and those exposed to PS NPs were compared. Serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, and creatinine, as well as glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) enzymes were also measured. Exposure to PS NPs suppressed the serum levels of T3 and circulating levels of THs, whereas TSH increased significantly. Though exposure to PS NPs did not affect the molar ratios of T3/T4, it induced a slight, but significant, increase in FT3/FT4. In addition, exposure to plastic nanoparticles showed signs of nephrotoxicity induction and kidney injury in exposed organisms as can be inferred from the significantly higher serum levels of creatinine in exposed groups. Our results provide clear evidence of an association between exposure to plastic NPs and thyroid endocrine disruption as well as metabolic deficit, and generate new leads for future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Amereh
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran . .,Department of Environmental Health Engineering , School of Public Health and Safety , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Akbar Eslami
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran . .,Department of Environmental Health Engineering , School of Public Health and Safety , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Simin Fazelipour
- Department of Anatomy , Islamic Azad University , Tehran Medical Branch , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Rafiee
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran . .,Department of Environmental Health Engineering , School of Public Health and Safety , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Babaei
- Department of Clinical Sciences , Faculty of Veterinary Sciences , Bu-Ali Sina University , Hamedan , Iran
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Dechartres J, Pawluski JL, Gueguen MM, Jablaoui A, Maguin E, Rhimi M, Charlier TD. Glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicide exposure during the peripartum period affects maternal brain plasticity, maternal behaviour and microbiome. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12731. [PMID: 31066122 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate is found in a large array of non-selective herbicides such as Roundup® (Monsanto, Creve Coeur, MO, USA) and is by far the most widely used herbicide. Recent work in rodent models suggests that glyphosate-based herbicides during development can affect neuronal communication and result in altered behaviours, albeit through undefined mechanisms of action. To our knowledge, no study has investigated the effects glyphosate or its formulation in herbicide on maternal behaviour and physiology. In the present study, relatively low doses of glyphosate (5 mg kg-1 d-1 ), Roundup® (5 mg kg-1 d-1 glyphosate equivalent), or vehicle were administered by ingestion to Sprague-Dawley rats from gestational day (GD) 10 to postpartum day (PD)22. The treatments significantly altered licking behaviour toward pups between PD2 and PD6. We also show in the dams at PD22 that Roundup exposure affected the maturation of doublecortin-immunoreactive new neurones in the dorsal dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of the mother. In addition, the expression of synaptophysin was up-regulated by glyphosate in the dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, and down-regulated in the cingulate gyrus. Although a direct effect of glyphosate alone or its formulation on the central nervous system is currently not clear, we show that gut microbiota is significantly altered by the exposure to the pesticides, with significant alteration of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. This is the first study to provide evidence that glyphosate alone or in formulation (Roundup) differentially affects maternal behaviour and modulates neuroplasticity and gut microbiota in the mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Dechartres
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Jodi L Pawluski
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Madeleine Gueguen
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Amin Jablaoui
- Micalis, INRA, AgroParisTech, Univ Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- Micalis, INRA, AgroParisTech, Univ Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Moez Rhimi
- Micalis, INRA, AgroParisTech, Univ Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Thierry D Charlier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
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Ali FF, Rifaai RA. Preventive effect of omega-3 fatty acids in a rat model of stress-induced liver injury. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:11960-11968. [PMID: 30536657 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids are gaining attention as a therapeutic agent of many diseases. Their protective effect in a variety of diseases has been demonstrated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on omega-3 fatty acids related to acute cold-restraint stress (CRS) induced hepatic dysfunction in rats. Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley albino rats were used and classified into: control, omega-3 group, each rat was pretreated with omega-3 fatty acids; CRS group, rats were subjected to acute CRS for 6 hr; and CRS group pretreated with omega-3 fatty acids. Serum was obtained to determine corticosterone (CORT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels were measured. Also, liver tissues were taken for histological examination and immunohistochemical assessment of the apoptotic marker, caspase-3. Results showed that pretreatment of stressed rats with omega-3 fatty acids led to significant decrease in hepatic MDA and increase in TAC levels. They reduced serum levels of CORT, ALT, AST, and TNF-α. Also, they improved liver damage and suppressed hepatic caspase-3 expression. In conclusion, pretreatment of stressed rats with omega-3 fatty acids has ameliorated stress-induced liver damage due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. So, they can be used to minimize stress complications on the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Farrag Ali
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Rehab Ahmed Rifaai
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Zhang WJ, Fang ZM, Liu WQ. NLRP3 inflammasome activation from Kupffer cells is involved in liver fibrosis of Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice via NF-κB. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:29. [PMID: 30635040 PMCID: PMC6330481 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was reported as expressed in schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis (SSLF). We used an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, MCC950, to investigate whether it inhibited liver fibrosis, and explored the preliminary molecular mechanism. METHODS BALB/c mice were infected with 15 cercariae through the abdominal skin. They received intraperitoneal injections of MCC950 on the day of infection and at day 22 post-infection. We examined their SSLF phenotype and the effect on liver fibrosis, primary Kupffer cells (KCs), and HSCs. Human hepatic stellate cell lines (human LX-2 cells) were treated with soluble egg antigen (SEA) released from the eggs. We then determined the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and liver fibrosis-associated markers, liver granuloma and ALT/AST. RESULTS NLRP3 inflammasome expression in the liver was significantly increased, and eosinophilic granuloma and collagen deposition were found around the eggs in mice infected for 56 days. Additionally, IL-1β, ALT/AST in plasma, and NF-κB in liver tissue and in KCs were all greatly significantly increased. The above-mentioned indicators were largely reduced in mice treated with MCC950 on the day of infection. In vitro, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/SEA could induce LX-2 cells to express NLRP3 and fibrosis markers, and the SEA-treated group was reversed by MCC950. Furthermore, NLRP3 inflammasome and liver fibrosis-associated markers were both increased in the primary KCs and HSCs isolated from infected mice. However, this effect was not observed in the same cells from the mice treated with MCC950 on the day of infection. Contrary to the aforementioned results, MCC950 treatment at day 22 post-infection aggravated this process. Surprisingly, NLRP3 inflammasome was involved in liver fibrosis mostly from KCs. CONCLUSIONS MCC950 acts dually on SSLF pathology and fibrosis in infected mice. Although MCC950 treatment improved SSLF on the day of infection, it exacerbated the pathological effects at day 22 post-infection. These dual effects were mediated via NF-κB. Moreover, NLRP3 inflammasome mainly came from KCs. Our results suggest that blocking NLRP3 on the day of infection may prove to be a promising direction in preventing SSLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Ming Fang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qi Liu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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de Souza GR, De-Oliveira ACAX, Soares V, Chagas LF, Barbi NS, Paumgartten FJR, da Silva AJR. Chemical profile, liver protective effects and analgesic properties of a Solanum paniculatum leaf extract. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:129-138. [PMID: 30466002 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Solanum paniculatum L. (Solanaceae) is a plant native to South America where it is used in traditional medicine for different therapeutic indications. This study evaluated the chemical composition and the hepatoprotective and analgesic activities of S. paniculatum leaf extracts. MATERIAL AND METHODS The chemical profile of an ethyl acetate partition (SPOE) of a S. paniculatum leaf infusion (SPAE) was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESIMS). Liver protective effects of SPAE (600 and 1200 mg/kg bw, po), or SPOE (300 mg/kg bw, po) were evaluated in a C57BL/6 mouse model of acetaminophen (AP, 600 mg/kg bw, ip) hepatotoxicity by measuring alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) aminotransferase activity in the serum, and reduced glutathione (GSH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARs) levels in the hepatic tissue. RESULTS HPLC-ESIMS analysis of the SPOE fraction tentatively identified 35 flavonoids, esters of hydroxycinnamic acid and isomers of chlorogenic acid. SPAE (600 and 1200 mg/kg bw) and SPOE (300 mg/kg bw) antagonized the rise in ALT and AST, and the depletion of GSH, and elevation of TBARs levels in the liver caused by AP. The liver protective effects of SPOE (300 mg/kg bw) against AP-induced liver toxicity mimicked those of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC 300 or 600 mg/kg bw ip). The mouse writhing assay showed that SPOE (300 mg/kg bw po) has anti-nociceptive effects comparable to those of AP (180 mg/kg bw po). CONCLUSION This study suggests that an extract of S. paniculatum leaves (SPOE), rich in phenolic compounds, is a promising herbal drug to prevent and treat AP poisoning and presents analgesic properties as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela R de Souza
- Institute for Research on Natural Products, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecilia A X De-Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041210, Brazil
| | - Vitor Soares
- Institute for Research on Natural Products, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Lucas F Chagas
- Department of Biological Sciences, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041210, Brazil
| | - Nancy S Barbi
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Francisco José Roma Paumgartten
- Department of Biological Sciences, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041210, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Jorge R da Silva
- Institute for Research on Natural Products, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
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Kazemipour N, Nazifi S, Poor MHH, Esmailnezhad Z, Najafabadi RE, Esmaeili A. Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of quercetin, iron oxide nanoparticles, and quercetin conjugated with nanoparticles in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-018-2783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Domiati S, Mehanna M, Ragab H, Nakkash Chmaisse H, El Mallah A. Investigation of chronic efficacy and safety profile of two potential anti-inflammatory bipyrazole-based compounds in experimental animals. J Inflamm Res 2018; 11:143-153. [PMID: 29662323 PMCID: PMC5892962 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s157955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used to treat a variety of disorders, their administration is associated with gastrointestinal side effects, acute kidney injury and liver enzymes’ elevation. Accordingly, researchers are encouraged to create novel agents with better safety profile. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the chronic efficacy and safety profile of two compounds previously proven to have acceptable acute anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Materials and methods Doses were determined through formalin-induced mice paw edema-based dose–response curves. Granuloma weight was used to assess the chronic effect of the investigated compounds as compared to the vehicle and diclofenac representing the positive and the negative controls, respectively. Mice kidneys, livers and stomachs were histologically examined. Moreover, troponin I, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were measured. Results The results highlight that the granulomas and exudates developed in mice after 7 days of treatment, with compound I and compound II were significantly lower than that of the negative control group. Moreover, compound I showed significantly better anti-inflammatory effect than diclofenac. Troponin level was undetected in all groups. Histopathological examination of the stomach revealed normal mucosa for both tested compounds and controls. Likewise, kidneys showed neither significant histologic alteration nor biomarkers increase as compared to the control over both 7- and 30-day treatment periods. Mice that received the tested compounds or diclofenac exhibited transient liver damage specifically; congestion, vacuolization, necrosis and inflammation after 7 days of treatment which decreased significantly after 30 days of treatment as emphasized by the Suzuki score and biomarker levels. Conclusion Since the tested compounds, specifically compound I, presented a satisfactory chronic safety profile as well as anti-inflammatory effect, it is worth conducting further molecular pharmacological, toxicological and bioavailability studies to elucidate the efficacy of these potential anti-inflammatory bipyrazole compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souraya Domiati
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammed Mehanna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hanan Ragab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hania Nakkash Chmaisse
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed El Mallah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Singh R, Hussain MA, Kumar J, Kumar M, Kumari U, Mazumder S. Chronic fluoride exposure exacerbates headkidney pathology and causes immune commotion in Clarias gariepinus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 192:30-39. [PMID: 28917943 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The current study was aimed to understand the effects of chronic fluoride exposure on fish immune system. African sharp tooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were exposed to 73.45mg/L of fluoride corresponding to 1/10 96h LC50 for 30 d and the effects on general fish health and several immune parameters were studied. Chronic fluoride exposure led to significant alteration in serum biochemical parameters including alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, triglycerides, cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen levels revealing the detrimental effect of fluoride on general fish health. Upregulation in cytochrome P450 1A expression, both at mRNA and protein level suggested that fluoride activates the detoxification machinery in headkidney (HK) of C. gariepinus. Histopathological analysis of HK from exposed fish further revealed fluoride-induced hypertrophy, increase in melano-macrophage centers (MMCs) and the development of cell-depleted regions. Fluoride reduced headkidney somatic index (HKSI) and the phagocytic potential of headkidney macrophages (HKM). It induced caspase-3-dependent headkidney leukocyte (HKL) apoptosis, elevated superoxide generation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α besides suppressed T-cell proliferation in the exposed fish. We surmise the elevation in superoxide levels coupled with increased TNF-α production to be plausible causes of fluoride-induced HKL apoptosis. It is concluded that chronic fluoride exposure induces structure-function alterations in HK, the primary lymphoid organ in fish leading to impairment in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Singh
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Md Arafat Hussain
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Jai Kumar
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Manmohan Kumar
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Usha Kumari
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Shibnath Mazumder
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
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Ameliorative Effect of Caffeic Acid on Capecitabine-Induced Hepatic and Renal Dysfunction: Involvement of the Antioxidant Defence System. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 4:medicines4040078. [PMID: 29068374 PMCID: PMC5750602 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: It has been postulated that during liver and kidney damage there is a decreased in the antioxidant status associated with a simultaneous increase in the reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. In consonant with this, Capecitabine, an oral chemotherapy and inactive non-cytotoxic fluoropyrimidine considered for the treatment of advance colorectal cancer, has also been shown to induce oxidative stress in liver tissues. Caffeic acid, a typical hydroxycinnamic, has been claimed to be effective against oxidative stress. Therefore, this present work studied the protective effect of caffeic acid on oxidative stress-induced liver and kidney damage by the administration of capecitabine. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar strain rats were randomly divided into four treatment groups: A. control, B. capecitabine (CPTB)-treated group (30 mg/kg b.w. CPTB), C. caffeic acid (CFA)-treated group (100 mg/kg b.w. CFA) and D. co-treated group with CFA (100 mg/kg b.w.) and CPTB (30 mg/kg b.w.). Results: Caffeic acid administration significantly ameliorated the elevated plasma biomarkers of hepatic and renal tissue damage induced by the capecitabine and improved enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels in liver organ. Conclusions: The protective effect of caffeic acid could be attributed to its ability to boost the antioxidant defence system and reduce lipid peroxidation.
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He S, Li K, Lin B, Hu Z, Xiao J, Hu X, Wang AQ, Xu X, Ferrer M, Southall N, Zheng W, Aubé J, Schoenen FJ, Marugan JJ, Liang TJ, Frankowski KJ. Development of an Aryloxazole Class of Hepatitis C Virus Inhibitors Targeting the Entry Stage of the Viral Replication Cycle. J Med Chem 2017. [PMID: 28636348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reliance on hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicon systems and protein-based screening assays has led to treatments that target HCV viral replication proteins. The model does not encompass other viral replication cycle steps such as entry, processing, assembly and secretion, or viral host factors. We previously applied a phenotypic high-throughput screening platform based on an infectious HCV system and discovered an aryloxazole-based anti-HCV hit. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed several compounds exhibiting EC50 values below 100 nM. Lead compounds showed inhibition of the HCV pseudoparticle entry, suggesting a different mode of action from existing HCV drugs. Hit 7a and lead 7ii both showed synergistic effects in combination with existing HCV drugs. In vivo pharmacokinetics studies of 7ii showed high liver distribution and long half-life without obvious hepatotoxicity. The lead compounds are promising as preclinical candidates for the treatment of HCV infection and as molecular probes to study HCV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan He
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1800, United States
| | - Kelin Li
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Billy Lin
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1800, United States
| | - Zongyi Hu
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1800, United States
| | - Jingbo Xiao
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Xin Hu
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Amy Q Wang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Xin Xu
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Noel Southall
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Frank J Schoenen
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Juan J Marugan
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - T Jake Liang
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1800, United States
| | - Kevin J Frankowski
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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Rofaeil RR, Kamel MY, Abdelzaher WY. Different effects of selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonists, nebivolol or atenolol in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity of rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2017; 31:165-173. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Remon R. Rofaeil
- Faculty of Medicine; Minia University; Minia El Minia 61111 Egypt
| | - Maha Y. Kamel
- Faculty of Medicine; Minia University; Minia El Minia 61111 Egypt
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Ramaiah L, Tomlinson L, Tripathi NK, Cregar LC, Vitsky A, Beust BV, Barlow VG, Reagan WJ, Ennulat D. Principles for Assessing Adversity in Toxicologic Clinical Pathology. Toxicol Pathol 2017; 45:260-266. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623316681646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is limited direction in the literature or regulatory guidance on determination of adversity for clinical pathology (CP) biomarkers in preclinical safety studies. Toxicologic clinical pathologists representing the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology—Regulatory Affairs Committee and Society of Toxicologic Pathology—Clinical Pathology Interest Group identified principles, overall approach, and unique considerations for assessing adversity in CP data interpretation to provide a consensus opinion. Emphasized is the need for pathophysiologic context and a weight-of-evidence approach. Most CP biomarkers do not have the potential to be adverse in isolation, regardless of magnitude of change. Rather, they quantify or describe the impact of effects, provide adjunct or supportive information regarding a process or pathogenesis, and provide translational biomarkers of effect. Most often, CP changes are part of a constellation of findings that collectively are adverse. Thus, most CP changes must be interpreted in conjunction with other study findings and require contextual and integrative interpretation. Exceptions include critical CP changes without correlates that indicate a health risk in the tested species. Overall, CP changes should not be interpreted in isolation and their adversity is best addressed with an integrated approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila Ramaiah
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lindsay Tomlinson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Allison Vitsky
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
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An open-label, randomized, parallel-group comparative study of the efficacy of sorghum bicolor extract in preoperative anemia. Nutrition 2017; 33:113-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ramaiah L, Hinrichs MJ, Skuba EV, Iverson WO, Ennulat D. Interpreting and Integrating Clinical and Anatomic Pathology Results. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 45:223-237. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623316677068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The continuing education course on integrating clinical and anatomical pathology data was designed to communicate the importance of using a weight of evidence approach to interpret safety findings in toxicology studies. This approach is necessary, as neither clinical nor anatomic pathology data can be relied upon in isolation to fully understand the relationship between study findings and the test article. Basic principles for correlating anatomic pathology and clinical pathology findings and for integrating these with other study end points were reviewed. To highlight these relationships, a series of case examples, presented jointly by a clinical pathologist and an anatomic pathologist, were used to illustrate the collaborative effort required between clinical and anatomical pathologists. In addition, the diagnostic utility of traditional liver biomarkers was discussed using results from a meta-analysis of rat hepatobiliary marker and histopathology data. This discussion also included examples of traditional and novel liver and renal biomarker data implementation in nonclinical toxicology studies to illustrate the relationship between discrete changes in biochemistry and tissue morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila Ramaiah
- Envigo, East Millstone, New Jersey, USA
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth V. Skuba
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
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Gao Y, Cao Z, Yang X, Abdelmegeed MA, Sun J, Chen S, Beger RD, Davis K, Salminen WF, Song BJ, Mendrick DL, Yu LR. Proteomic analysis of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and identification of heme oxygenase 1 as a potential plasma biomarker of liver injury. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 11. [PMID: 27634590 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) is a major cause of acute liver failure. This study was aimed to identify pathways related to hepatotoxicity and potential biomarkers of liver injury. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Rats were treated with low (100 mg/kg) and high (1250 mg/kg) doses of APAP, and liver tissues at 6 and 24 h post-treatment were analyzed using a proteomic approach of 16O/18O labeling and 2D-LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Molecular pathways evolved progressively from scattered and less significant perturbations to more focused and significant alterations in a dose- and time-dependent manner upon APAP treatment. Imbalanced expression of hemeoxygenase 1 (HMOX1) and biliverdin reductase A (BLVRA) was associated with hepatotoxicity. Protein abundance changes of a total of 31 proteins were uniquely correlated to liver damage, among which a dramatic increase of HMOX1 levels in plasma was observed. Liver injury-associated significant elevation of plasma HMOX1 was further validated in mice treated with APAP. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study unveiled molecular changes associated with APAP-induced liver toxicity at the pathway levels and identified HMOX1 as a potential plasma biomarker of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Zhijun Cao
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Xi Yang
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Mohamed A Abdelmegeed
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinchun Sun
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Si Chen
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Richard D Beger
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Kelly Davis
- Toxicologic Pathology Associates, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - William F Salminen
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Donna L Mendrick
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Li-Rong Yu
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
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Shah JM, Qureshi TA, Shah T, Shah QA, Arain MA, Bhutto ZA, Saeed M, Siyal FA. Impact of therapeutic and high doses of florfenicol on kidney and liver functional indicators in goat. Vet World 2016; 9:1135-1140. [PMID: 27847425 PMCID: PMC5104724 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1135-1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of therapeutic and high doses of florfenicol on kidney and liver functional indicators in goat species. Materials and Methods: Six mature, healthy goats (combine breed and sex) with average weight 25 kg were selected for this study. The therapeutic (20 mg/kg b.w.) and high doses (40 and 60 mg) of florfenicol were administered for 3 days with 24 h interval. Blood samples were collected at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h following the each administered dose. Results: The results showed that the therapeutic dose of florfenicol produced nonsignificant effect on serum urea, creatinine, total protein (TP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and bilirubin on all timings, and increased (p<0.05) the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) levels for 48 h. Whereas the high doses of florfenicol (40 and 60 mg) significantly altered the kidney and liver functional indicators in the blood. In contrast with control, the serum urea level was (p<0.01) increased at all timing points. Creatinine values were altered (p<0.01, <0.05) in increasing manner from 24 to 96 h. The high dose of 40 mg decreased the TP (p<0.05) for 72 h and 60 mg persisted same effect (p<0.01) up to 120 h. The indices of ALP, GGT, SGOT, and SGPT were raised (p<0.01, <0.05) at all timings. The bilirubin indexes also (p<0.05) elevated from 48 to 72. Conclusion: It was concluded that the high doses of florfenicol produced reversible dose-dependent effects on functional indicators of kidney and liver such as urea, creatinine, TP, ALP, SGOT, SGPT, GGT, and bilirubin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Muhammad Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
| | - Toufique Ahmed Qureshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
| | - Tahmina Shah
- Department of Dairy Technology, Baqai College of Veterinary Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali Shah
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal 3800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Arain
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal 3800, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Ahmed Bhutto
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal 3800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Farman Ali Siyal
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sind Agriculture University Tandojam, Pakistan
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Smith A, Calley J, Mathur S, Qian HR, Wu H, Farmen M, Caiment F, Bushel PR, Li J, Fisher C, Kirby P, Koenig E, Hall DG, Watson DE. The Rat microRNA body atlas; Evaluation of the microRNA content of rat organs through deep sequencing and characterization of pancreas enriched miRNAs as biomarkers of pancreatic toxicity in the rat and dog. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:694. [PMID: 27576563 PMCID: PMC5006322 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2956-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNA) are ~19–25 nucleotide long RNA molecules that fine tune gene expression through the inhibition of translation or degradation of the mRNA through incorporation into the RNA induced silencing complex (RISC). MicroRNAs are stable in the serum and plasma, are detectable in a wide variety of body fluids, are conserved across veterinary species and humans and are expressed in a tissue specific manner. They can be detected at low concentrations in circulation in animals and humans, generating interest in the utilization of miRNAs as serum and/or plasma based biomarkers of tissue injury. MicroRNA tissue profiling in rodents has been published, but sample an insufficient number of organs of toxicologic interest using microarray or qPCR technologies for miRNA detection. Here we impart an improved rat microRNA body atlas consisting of 21 and 23 tissues of toxicologic interest from male and female Sprague Dawley rats respectively, using Illumina miRNA sequencing. Several of the authors created a dog miRNA body atlas and we collaborated to test miRNAs conserved in rat and dog pancreas in caerulein toxicity studies utilizing both species. Results A rich data set is presented that more robustly defines the tissue specificity and enrichment profiles of previously published and undiscovered rat miRNAs. We generated 1,927 sequences that mapped to mature miRNAs in rat, mouse and human from miRBase and discovered an additional 1,162 rat miRNAs as compared to the current number of rat miRNAs in miRBase version 21. Tissue specific and enriched miRNAs were identified and a subset of these miRNAs were validated by qPCR for tissue specificity or enrichment. As an example of the power of this approach, we have conducted rat and dog pancreas toxicity studies and examined the levels of some tissue specific and enriched miRNAs conserved between rat and dog in the serum of each species. The studies demonstrate that conserved tissue specific/enriched miRs-216a-5p, 375-3p, 148a-3p, 216b-5p and 141-3p are candidate biomarkers of pancreatic injury in the rat and dog. Conclusions A microRNA body atlas for rat and dog was useful in identifying new candidate miRNA biomarkers of organ toxicity in 2 toxicologically relevant species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2956-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Smith
- Department of Investigative Toxicology, Non Clinical Safety Assessment and Pathology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, 46285, IN, USA.
| | - John Calley
- Department of TTX Bioinformatics, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, 46285, IN, USA
| | - Sachin Mathur
- Department of TTX Bioinformatics, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, 46285, IN, USA
| | - Hui-Rong Qian
- Department of Discovery and Development Statistics, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, 46285, IN, USA
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Discovery and Development Statistics, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, 46285, IN, USA
| | - Mark Farmen
- Department of Discovery and Development Statistics, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, 46285, IN, USA
| | - Florian Caiment
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitsingel, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre R Bushel
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Biostatistics Branch, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jianying Li
- Kelly Government Solutions, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Craig Fisher
- Drug Safety Evaluation, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Company, Deerfield, USA
| | - Patrick Kirby
- Drug Safety Evaluation, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Company, Deerfield, USA
| | - Erik Koenig
- Molecular Pathology, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Company, Deerfield, USA
| | - David G Hall
- Department of Investigative Pathology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, 46285, IN, USA
| | - David E Watson
- Department of Investigative Toxicology, Non Clinical Safety Assessment and Pathology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, 46285, IN, USA
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Covington SM, Bauler LD, Toledo-Pereyra LH. Akt: A Therapeutic Target in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J INVEST SURG 2016; 30:47-55. [PMID: 27463073 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2016.1206999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation is the second most common transplant procedure in the United States. A leading cause of post-transplantation organ dysfunction is I/R injury. During I/R injury, the serine/threonine kinase Akt is activated, stimulating downstream mediators to promote cellular survival. Due to the cellular effects of Akt, therapeutic manipulation of the Akt pathway can help reduce cellular damage during hepatic I/R that occurs during liver transplantation. OBJECTIVE A full description of therapeutic options available that target Akt to reduce hepatic I/R injury has not been addressed within the literature. The purpose of this review is to illuminate advances in the manipulation of Akt that can be used to therapeutically target I/R injury in the liver. METHODS An in depth literature review was performed using the Scopus and PubMed databases. A total of 75 published articles were utilized for this manuscript. Terminology searched includes a combination of "hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury", "Akt/PKB", "preconditioning" and "postconditioning." RESULTS Four principal methods that reduce I/R injury include hepatic pre- and postconditioning, pharmacological intervention and future miRNA/gene therapy. Discussed therapies used serum alanine aminotransferase levels, liver histology and phosphorylation of downstream mediators to confirm the Akt protective effect. CONCLUSION The activation of Akt from the reviewed therapies has resulted in predictable reduction in hepatocyte damage using the previously mentioned measurements. In a clinical setting, these therapies could potentially be used in combination to achieve better outcomes in hepatic transplant patients. Evidence supporting reduced I/R injury through Akt activation warrants further studies in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Covington
- a Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine , East Lansing, Michigan , USA
| | - Laura D Bauler
- b Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine , Kalamazoo , Michigan , USA
| | - Luis H Toledo-Pereyra
- b Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine , Kalamazoo , Michigan , USA
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Ore A, Olayinka ET. Fluazifop-p-butyl, an aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide, diminishes renal and hepatic functions and triggers testicular oxidative stress in orally exposed rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 33:406-415. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233716657763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fluazifop- p-butyl (FPB) is a selective aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide. Its phytotoxicity mechanism involves inhibition of lipid biosynthesis, free-radical generation, and oxidative stress in vulnerable plants. This study evaluates the impact of orally administered FPB on selected tissues in non-target animal model. Twenty-four male wistar rats (160–180g) were randomized into groups (I–IV). Group-I served as control, while animals in groups II, III, and IV received FPB at 18.75, 37.5, and 75 mg/kg body weight/day p.o., respectively, for 21 days. FPB caused significant ( p < 0.05) increase in plasma biomarkers of renal and hepatic function (urea, creatinine, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase) when compared to control. Significant reductions in testicular ascorbic acid, glutathione, and activities of glutathione-S transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were observed in FPB-treated animals when compared to control, in a dose-dependent manner. This was accompanied by increased testicular lipid peroxidation in the treated groups. Furthermore, a significant decrease in testicular acid phosphatase and γ-glutamyl transferase activities was also observed in the FPB-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner compared to control. However, testicular lactate dehydrogenase activity was significantly increased in the FPB-treated rats when compared to control. Additionally, histopathological studies revealed severe interstitial oedema and congestion of testicular blood vessels in the FPB-treated groups. Overall, data from this study suggest that FPB induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and oxidative stress-mediated alteration of testicular functions in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayokanmi Ore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
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50
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Lee HS, Lim WC, Lee SJ, Lee SH, Yu HJ, Lee JH, Cho HY. Hepatoprotective effects of lactic acid-fermented garlic extract against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in rats. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:867-873. [PMID: 30263347 PMCID: PMC6049174 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of fermented garlic extract by lactic acid bacteria (LAFGE) against acetaminophen (AAP)-induced acute liver injury in rats. Here we demonstrated that rats treated with LAFGE exhibit resistance to AAP-induced liver injury accompanied by lowered plasma alanine amino transferase levels and decreased proinflammatory responses. This function of LAFGE is linked to its capacity of suppressing AAP-induced apoptosis in the liver, partly via the inhibition of MAPK phosphorylation as well as down-regulation of p53. Our findings reveal that LAFGE modulates the signaling pathways involved in hepatic apoptosis through cellular redox control, as indicated by the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, glutathione and ATP depletion, and the elevation of antioxidant enzyme activities. Taken together, these findings indicate that LAFGE ameliorates AAP-induced liver injury by preventing oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis, thereby establishing LAFGE as a potential supplement in the treatment of AAP-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Seop Lee
- Deptartment of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, 30019 Korea
| | - Won Chul Lim
- Deptartment of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, 30019 Korea
| | - Sung Jin Lee
- R&D center, Bioland, Ansan, Gyeonggi, 24606 Korea
| | | | - Heui Jong Yu
- R&D center, Bioland, Ansan, Gyeonggi, 24606 Korea
| | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Deptartment of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, 30019 Korea
| | - Hong Yon Cho
- Deptartment of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, 30019 Korea
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