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Idelman G, Rizza C, Marella S, Sharma A, Chakraborty S, Tay HL, Tomar S, Ganesan V, Schuler CF, Baker JR, Hogan SP. Inducible pluripotent stem cells to study human mast cell trajectories. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00069-2. [PMID: 39038754 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are derived from CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors, consist of different subtypes and are involved in several inflammatory conditions. However, our understanding of human MC developmental trajectories and subtypes have been limited by a scarcity of suitable cellular model systems. Herein, we developed an in vitro model of human MC differentiation from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) to study human MC differentiation trajectories. Flow cytometry characterization of hemopoietic cells derived from the myeloid cells-forming complex (MCFC) revealed an initial increase in Lin- CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors within Weeks 1-3, followed by an increase in CD34- CD45RA- SSCLow and SSChigh hematopoietic cells. The Lin- CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors consisted of SSClow CD45RA- CD123± c-Kit+ FcERI+ population that was β7-integrinhigh CD203c+ and β7-integrinhigh CD203c- cells consistent with CMPFceRI+ cells. Flow cytometry and cytologic analyses of the CD34- Lin- (SSClow) population revealed hypogranular cell populations, predominantly characterized by CD45RA- CD123± c-Kit+ FcERI- β7-integrinlow and CD45RA- CD123± c-Kit- FcERI+ β7-integrinMid cells. Analyses of hypergranular SSChigh cells identified Lin- CD34- CD45RA- c-Kit+ FceRI- and Lin- CD34- CD45RA- c-Kit+ FceRI+ cells. scRNA seq analysis of the cells harvested at week 4 of the MCFC culture revealed the presence of monocyte and granulocyte progenitors (n = 547 cells, 26.7 %), Erythrocyte / unknown (n = 85, 4.1 %), neutrophils / myelocytes (n = 211 cells, 10.2 %), Mast cell progenitor 1 (n = 599, 29.1 %), Mast cell progenitor 2 (n = 152, 7.4 %), Committed Mast cell precursor (n = 113, 5.5 %), and mast cells (n = 353, 17.1 %). In silico analyses of the MC precursor and mature MC populations revealed transcriptionally distinct MC precursor subtype and mature MC states (CMA1+ and CMA1- subtypes). Culturing MC precursor populations in MC maturation media (mast cell media II) led to homogenous mature MC populations as evidenced by high expression of high affinity IgE receptor, metachromatic granules, presence of MC granule proteins (Tryptase and Chymase) and activation following substance P stimulation and FceRI crosslinking. This human iPSC-based approach generates MC precursors and phenotypically mature and functional MC populations. This system will be a useful model to generate human MC populations and broaden our understanding of MC biology and transcriptional regulation of MC differentiation trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gila Idelman
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Christian Rizza
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Sahiti Marella
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Ankit Sharma
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Somdutta Chakraborty
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Hock L Tay
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Sunil Tomar
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Varsha Ganesan
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Charles F Schuler
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James R Baker
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Simon P Hogan
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA; Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
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Zhang S, Caldwell JM, Rochman M, Collins MH, Rothenberg ME. Machine learning-based identification and characterization of mast cells in eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1381-1391.e6. [PMID: 38395083 PMCID: PMC11070310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is diagnosed and monitored using esophageal eosinophil levels; however, EoE also exhibits a marked, understudied esophageal mastocytosis. OBJECTIVES Using machine learning, we localized and characterized esophageal mast cells (MCs) to decipher their potential role in disease pathology. METHODS Esophageal biopsy samples (EoE, control) were stained for MCs by anti-tryptase and imaged using immunofluorescence; high-resolution whole tissue images were digitally assembled. Machine learning software was trained to identify, enumerate, and characterize MCs, designated Mast Cell-Artificial Intelligence (MC-AI). RESULTS MC-AI enumerated cell counts with high accuracy. During active EoE, epithelial MCs increased and lamina propria (LP) MCs decreased. In controls and EoE remission patients, papillae had the highest MC density and negatively correlated with epithelial MC density. MC density in the epithelium and papillae correlated with the degree of epithelial eosinophilic inflammation, basal zone hyperplasia, and LP fibrosis. MC-AI detected greater MC degranulation in the epithelium, papillae, and LP in patients with EoE compared with control individuals. MCs were localized further from the basement membrane in active EoE than EoE remission and control individuals but were closer than eosinophils to the basement membrane in active EoE. CONCLUSIONS Using MC-AI, we identified a distinct population of homeostatic esophageal papillae MCs; during active EoE, this population decreases, undergoes degranulation, negatively correlates with epithelial MC levels, and significantly correlates with distinct histologic features. Overall, MC-AI provides a means to understand the potential involvement of MCs in EoE and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Julie M Caldwell
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mark Rochman
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Margaret H Collins
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Shaik GM, Khan MS. Betulinic Acid Potentiates Mast Cell Degranulation by Compromising Cell Membrane Integrity and Without Involving Fcεri Receptors. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:695-711. [PMID: 38504489 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2329990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells play important role in acquired and natural immunity making these favorable therapeutic targets in various inflammatory diseases. Here we observed that, pentacyclic tri terpenoid betulinic acid (BA) treatment resulted in a significantly high number (9%) of cells positive for Hoechst and negative for annexin-V indicating that BA could interfere with plasma membrane integrity. The degranulation of both activated and non-activated mast cells was enhanced upon treatment with BA. The pre-treatment of BA had remarkable effect on calcium response in activated mast cells which showed increased calcium influx relative compared to untreated cells. The results also showed potentially less migration of BA treated mast cells signifying the possible effect of BA on cell membrane. BA treatment resulted in a significant increase in mRNA levels of IL-13 while as mRNA levels of other target cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α seem to be not affected. Moreover, there was global Increase in phosphorylation of signaling proteins and no significant change in phosphorylation of FcεRI receptors indicating that the effect of BA was independent of signaling cascade or FcεRI receptor mediated mast cell aggregation. Overall, these results portray BA potentiates mast cell effector functions by compromising the membrane integrity and independent of FcεRI involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouse M Shaik
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Akula S, Tripathi SR, Franke K, Wernersson S, Babina M, Hellman L. Cultures of Human Skin Mast Cells, an Attractive In Vitro Model for Studies of Human Mast Cell Biology. Cells 2024; 13:98. [PMID: 38201301 PMCID: PMC10778182 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies of mast cell biology are dependent on relevant and validated in vitro models. Here, we present detailed information concerning the phenotype of both freshly isolated human skin mast cells (MCs) and of in vitro cultures of these cells that were obtained by analyzing their total transcriptome. Transcript levels of MC-related granule proteins and transcription factors were found to be remarkably stable over a 3-week culture period. Relatively modest changes were also seen for important cell surface receptors including the high-affinity receptor for IgE, FCER1A, the low-affinity receptor for IgG, FCGR2A, and the receptor for stem cell factor, KIT. FCGR2A was the only Fc receptor for IgG expressed by these cells. The IgE receptor increased by 2-5-fold and an approximately 10-fold reduction in the expression of FCGR2A was observed most likely due to the cytokines, SCF and IL-4, used for expanding the cells. Comparisons of the present transcriptome against previously reported transcriptomes of mouse peritoneal MCs and mouse bone marrow-derived MCs (BMMCs) revealed both similarities and major differences. Strikingly, cathepsin G was the most highly expressed granule protease in human skin MCs, in contrast to the almost total absence of this protease in both mouse MCs. Transcript levels for the majority of cell surface receptors were also very low compared to the granule proteases in both mouse and human MCs, with a difference of almost two orders of magnitude. An almost total absence of T-cell granzymes was observed in human skin MCs, indicating that granzymes have no or only a minor role in human MC biology. Ex vivo skin MCs expressed high levels of selective immediate early genes and transcripts of heat shock proteins. In validation experiments, we determined that this expression was an inherent property of the cells and not the result of the isolation process. Three to four weeks in culture results in an induction of cell growth-related genes accompanying their expansion by 6-10-fold, which increases the number of cells for in vitro experiments. Collectively, we show that cultured human skin MCs resemble their ex vivo equivalents in many respects and are a more relevant in vitro model compared to mouse BMMCs for studies of MC biology, in particular human MC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Akula
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, The Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Shiva Raj Tripathi
- Institute of Allergology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.T.); (K.F.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Franke
- Institute of Allergology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.T.); (K.F.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Wernersson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Magda Babina
- Institute of Allergology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.T.); (K.F.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Hellman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, The Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden;
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Zhang S, Caldwell JM, Rochman M, Collins MH, Rothenberg ME. Machine Learning Based Identification and Characterization of Mast cells in Eosinophilic Esophagitis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.25.563471. [PMID: 37961565 PMCID: PMC10634804 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.25.563471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is diagnosed and monitored using esophageal eosinophil levels; however, EoE also exhibits a marked, understudied esophageal mastocytosis. Objective Using machine learning, we localized and characterized esophageal mast cells to decipher their potential role in disease pathology. Methods Esophageal biopsy samples (EoE, control) were stained for mast cells by anti-tryptase and imaged using immunofluorescence; high-resolution whole tissue images were digitally assembled. Machine learning software was trained to identify, enumerate, and characterize mast cells, designated Mast Cell-Artificial Intelligence (MC-AI). Results MC-AI enumerated cell counts with high accuracy. During active EoE, epithelial mast cells increased and lamina propria (LP) mast cells decreased. In controls and EoE remission patients, papillae had the highest mast cell density and negatively correlated with epithelial mast cell density. Mast cell density in the epithelium and papillae correlated with the degree of epithelial eosinophilic inflammation, basal zone hyperplasia, and LP fibrosis. MC-AI detected greater mast cell degranulation in the epithelium, papillae, and LP in EoE patients compared with control individuals. Mast cells were localized further from the basement membrane in active EoE than EoE remission and controls individuals but were closer than eosinophils to the basement membrane in active EoE. Conclusion Using MC-AI, we identified a distinct population of homeostatic esophageal papillae mast cells; during active EoE, this population decreases, undergoes degranulation, negatively correlates with epithelial mast cell levels, and significantly correlates with distinct histologic features. Overall, MC-AI provides a means to understand the potential involvement of mast cells in EoE and other disorders. Clinical Implication We have developed a methodology for identifying, enumerating, and characterizing mast cells using artificial intelligence; this has been applied to decipher eosinophilic esophagitis and provides a platform approach for other diseases. Capsule Summary A machine learning protocol for identifying mast cells, designated Mast Cell-Artificial Intelligence, readily identified spatially distinct and dynamic populations of mast cells in EoE, providing a platform to better understand this cell type in EoE and other diseases.
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Conesa MPB, Blixt FW, Peesh P, Khan R, Korf J, Lee J, Jagadeesan G, Andersohn A, Das TK, Tan C, Di Gesu C, Colpo GD, Moruno-Manchón JF, McCullough LD, Bryan R, Ganesh BP. Stabilizing histamine release in gut mast cells mitigates peripheral and central inflammation after stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:230. [PMID: 37805585 PMCID: PMC10560441 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the most common cause of long-term disability and places a high economic burden on the global healthcare system. Functional outcomes from stroke are largely determined by the extent of ischemic injury, however, there is growing recognition that systemic inflammatory responses also contribute to outcomes. Mast cells (MCs) rapidly respond to injury and release histamine (HA), a pro-inflammatory neurotransmitter that enhances inflammation. The gut serves as a major reservoir of HA. We hypothesized that cromolyn, a mast cell stabilizer that prevents the release of inflammatory mediators, would decrease peripheral and central inflammation, reduce MC trafficking to the brain, and improve stroke outcomes. We used the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemic stroke in aged (18 mo) male mice to investigate the role of MC in neuroinflammation post-stroke. After MCAO we treated mice with 25 mg/kg body weight of cromolyn (MC stabilizer) by oral gavage. Cromolyn was administered at 3 h, 10 h, 24 h and every 24 h for 3 days post-stroke. Three control groups were used. One group underwent a sham surgery and was treated with cromolyn, one received sham surgery with PBS vehicle and the third underwent MCAO with PBS vehicle. Mice were euthanized at 24 h and 3 days post-stroke. Cromolyn administration significantly reduced MC numbers in the brain at both 24 h and 3 days post-stroke. Infarct volume was not significantly different between groups, however improved functional outcomes were seen at 3 days post-stroke in mice that received cromolyn. Treatment with cromolyn reduced plasma histamine and IL-6 levels in both the 24-h and 3-day cohorts. Gut MCs numbers were significantly reduced after cromolyn treatment at 24 h and 3 days after stroke. To determine if MC trafficking from the gut to the brain occurred after injury, GFP+MCs were adoptively transferred to c-kit-/- MC knock-out animals prior to MCAO. 24 h after stroke, elevated MC recruitment was seen in the ischemic brain. Preventing MC histamine release by cromolyn improved gut barrier integrity and an improvement in stroke-induced dysbiosis was seen with treatment. Our results show that preventing MC histamine release possesses prevents post-stroke neuroinflammation and improves neurological and functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Blasco Conesa
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Frank W Blixt
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pedram Peesh
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Romeesa Khan
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Janelle Korf
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gayathri Jagadeesan
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alexander Andersohn
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tushar K Das
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunfeng Tan
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Claudia Di Gesu
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gabriela Delevati Colpo
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robert Bryan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bhanu P Ganesh
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Dileepan KN, Raveendran VV, Sharma R, Abraham H, Barua R, Singh V, Sharma R, Sharma M. Mast cell-mediated immune regulation in health and disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1213320. [PMID: 37663654 PMCID: PMC10470157 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1213320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are important components of the immune system, and they perform pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory roles in the complex process of immune regulation in health and disease. Because of their strategic perivascular localization, sensitivity and adaptability to the microenvironment, and ability to release a variety of preformed and newly synthesized effector molecules, mast cells perform unique functions in almost all organs. Additionally, Mast cells express a wide range of surface and cytoplasmic receptors which enable them to respond to a variety of cytokines, chemicals, and pathogens. The mast cell's role as a cellular interface between external and internal environments as well as between vasculature and tissues is critical for protection and repair. Mast cell interactions with different immune and nonimmune cells through secreted inflammatory mediators may also turn in favor of disease promoting agents. First and forefront, mast cells are well recognized for their multifaceted functions in allergic diseases. Reciprocal communication between mast cells and endothelial cells in the presence of bacterial toxins in chronic/sub-clinical infections induce persistent vascular inflammation. We have shown that mast cell proteases and histamine induce endothelial inflammatory responses that are synergistically amplified by bacterial toxins. Mast cells have been shown to exacerbate vascular changes in normal states as well as in chronic or subclinical infections, particularly among cigarette smokers. Furthermore, a potential role of mast cells in SARS-CoV-2-induced dysfunction of the capillary-alveolar interface adds to the growing understanding of mast cells in viral infections. The interaction between mast cells and microglial cells in the brain further highlights their significance in neuroinflammation. This review highlights the significant role of mast cells as the interface that acts as sensor and early responder through interactions with cells in systemic organs and the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kottarappat N. Dileepan
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Vineesh V. Raveendran
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Harita Abraham
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Rajat Barua
- Cardiology Section, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Vikas Singh
- Neurology Section, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Ram Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation (MVBRF), Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas, MO, United States
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Lauritano D, Mastrangelo F, D’Ovidio C, Ronconi G, Caraffa A, Gallenga CE, Frydas I, Kritas SK, Trimarchi M, Carinci F, Conti P. Activation of Mast Cells by Neuropeptides: The Role of Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054811. [PMID: 36902240 PMCID: PMC10002992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are tissue cells that are derived from bone marrow stem cells that contribute to allergic reactions, inflammatory diseases, innate and adaptive immunity, autoimmunity, and mental disorders. MCs located near the meninges communicate with microglia through the production of mediators such as histamine and tryptase, but also through the secretion of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF, which can create pathological effects in the brain. Preformed chemical mediators of inflammation and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are rapidly released from the granules of MCs, the only immune cells capable of storing the cytokine TNF, although it can also be produced later through mRNA. The role of MCs in nervous system diseases has been extensively studied and reported in the scientific literature; it is of great clinical interest. However, many of the published articles concern studies on animals (mainly rats or mice) and not on humans. MCs are known to interact with neuropeptides that mediate endothelial cell activation, resulting in central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disorders. In the brain, MCs interact with neurons causing neuronal excitation with the production of neuropeptides and the release of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines. This article explores the current understanding of MC activation by neuropeptide substance P (SP), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and neurotensin, and the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting a therapeutic effect of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-37 and IL-38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Lauritano
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Filiberto Mastrangelo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Cristian D’Ovidio
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Ronconi
- Clinica dei Pazienti del Territorio, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carla E. Gallenga
- Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Specialist Surgery, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilias Frydas
- Department of Parasitology, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spyros K. Kritas
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Macedonia, Greece
| | - Matteo Trimarchi
- Centre of Neuroscience of Milan, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Carinci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pio Conti
- Immunology Division, Postgraduate Medical School, University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Jin J, Jiang Y, Chakrabarti S, Su Z. Cardiac Mast Cells: A Two-Head Regulator in Cardiac Homeostasis and Pathogenesis Following Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:963444. [PMID: 35911776 PMCID: PMC9334794 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.963444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac mast cells (CMCs) are multifarious immune cells with complex roles both in cardiac physiological and pathological conditions, especially in cardiac fibrosis. Little is known about the physiological importance of CMCs in cardiac homeostasis and inflammatory process. Therefore, the present review will summarize the recent progress of CMCs on origin, development and replenishment in the heart, including their effects on cardiac development, function and ageing under physiological conditions as well as the roles of CMCs in inflammatory progression and resolution. The present review will shed a light on scientists to understand cardioimmunology and to develop immune treatments targeting on CMCs following cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Subrata Chakrabarti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaoliang Su,
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The Complexity of Sesquiterpene Chemistry Dictates Its Pleiotropic Biologic Effects on Inflammation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082450. [PMID: 35458648 PMCID: PMC9032002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpenes (SQs) are volatile compounds made by plants, insects, and marine organisms. SQ have a large range of biological properties and are potent inhibitors and modulators of inflammation, targeting specific components of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and nitric oxide (NO) generation. Because SQs can be isolated from over 1600 genera and 2500 species grown worldwide, they are an attractive source of phytochemical therapeutics. The chemical structure and biosynthesis of SQs is complex, and the SQ scaffold represents extraordinary structural variety consisting of both acyclic and cyclic (mono, bi, tri, and tetracyclic) compounds. These structures can be decorated with a diverse range of functional groups and substituents, generating many stereospecific configurations. In this review, the effect of SQs on inflammation will be discussed in the context of their complex chemistry. Because inflammation is a multifactorial process, we focus on specific aspects of inflammation: the inhibition of NF-kB signaling, disruption of NO production and modulation of dendritic cells, mast cells, and monocytes. Although the molecular targets of SQs are varied, we discuss how these pathways may mediate the effects of SQs on inflammation.
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11
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The Human Monocyte-A Circulating Sensor of Infection and a Potent and Rapid Inducer of Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073890. [PMID: 35409250 PMCID: PMC8999117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes were previously thought to be the precursors of all tissue macrophages but have recently been found to represent a unique population of cells, distinct from the majority of tissue macrophages. Monocytes and intestinal macrophages seem now to be the only monocyte/macrophage populations that originate primarily from adult bone marrow. To obtain a better view of the biological function of monocytes and how they differ from tissue macrophages, we have performed a quantitative analysis of its transcriptome in vivo and after in vitro stimulation with E. coli LPS. The monocytes rapidly responded to LPS by producing extremely high amounts of mRNA for the classical inflammatory cytokines, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, but almost undetectable amounts of other cytokines. IL-6 was upregulated 58,000 times, from almost undetectable levels at baseline to become one of the major transcripts already after a few hours of cultivation. The cells also showed very strong upregulation of a number of chemokines, primarily IL-8, Ccl2, Ccl3, Ccl3L3, Ccl20, Cxcl2, Cxcl3 and Cxcl4. IL-8 became the most highly expressed transcript in the monocytes already after four hours of in vitro culture in the presence of LPS. A high baseline level of MHC class II chains and marked upregulation of super oxide dismutase (SOD2), complement factor B, complement factor C3 and coagulation factor 3 (F3; tissue factor) at four hours of in vitro culture were also observed. This indicates a rapid protective response to high production of oxygen radicals, to increase complement activation and possibly also be an inducer of local coagulation. Overall, these findings give strong support for monocytes acting primarily as potent mobile sensors of infection and rapid activators of a strong inflammatory response.
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12
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Robida PA, Rische CH, Morgenstern NBB, Janarthanam R, Cao Y, Krier-Burris RA, Korver W, Xu A, Luu T, Schanin J, Leung J, Rothenberg ME, Wechsler JB, Youngblood BA, Bochner BS, O’Sullivan JA. Functional and Phenotypic Characterization of Siglec-6 on Human Mast Cells. Cells 2022; 11:1138. [PMID: 35406705 PMCID: PMC8997871 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident cells that contribute to allergic diseases, among others, due to excessive or inappropriate cellular activation and degranulation. Therapeutic approaches to modulate mast cell activation are urgently needed. Siglec-6 is an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-bearing receptor selectively expressed by mast cells, making it a promising target for therapeutic intervention. However, the effects of its engagement on mast cells are poorly defined. Siglec-6 expression and endocytosis on primary human mast cells and mast cell lines were assessed by flow cytometry. SIGLEC6 mRNA expression was examined by single-cell RNAseq in esophageal tissue biopsy samples. The ability of Siglec-6 engagement or co-engagement to prevent primary mast cell activation was determined based on assessments of mediator and cytokine secretion and degranulation markers. Siglec-6 was highly expressed by all mast cells examined, and the SIGLEC6 transcript was restricted to mast cells in esophageal biopsy samples. Siglec-6 endocytosis occurred with delayed kinetics relative to the related receptor Siglec-8. Co-crosslinking of Siglec-6 with FcεRIα enhanced the inhibition of mast cell activation and diminished downstream ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation. The selective, stable expression and potent inhibitory capacity of Siglec-6 on human mast cells are favorable for its use as a therapeutic target in mast cell-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piper A. Robida
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (P.A.R.); (Y.C.); (R.A.K.-B.); (J.B.W.); (B.S.B.)
| | - Clayton H. Rische
- McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA;
| | - Netali Ben-Baruch Morgenstern
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (N.B.-B.M.); (M.E.R.)
| | - Rethavathi Janarthanam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Yun Cao
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (P.A.R.); (Y.C.); (R.A.K.-B.); (J.B.W.); (B.S.B.)
| | - Rebecca A. Krier-Burris
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (P.A.R.); (Y.C.); (R.A.K.-B.); (J.B.W.); (B.S.B.)
| | - Wouter Korver
- Allakos, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94065, USA; (W.K.); (A.X.); (T.L.); (J.S.); (J.L.); (B.A.Y.)
| | - Alan Xu
- Allakos, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94065, USA; (W.K.); (A.X.); (T.L.); (J.S.); (J.L.); (B.A.Y.)
| | - Thuy Luu
- Allakos, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94065, USA; (W.K.); (A.X.); (T.L.); (J.S.); (J.L.); (B.A.Y.)
| | - Julia Schanin
- Allakos, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94065, USA; (W.K.); (A.X.); (T.L.); (J.S.); (J.L.); (B.A.Y.)
| | - John Leung
- Allakos, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94065, USA; (W.K.); (A.X.); (T.L.); (J.S.); (J.L.); (B.A.Y.)
| | - Marc E. Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (N.B.-B.M.); (M.E.R.)
| | - Joshua B. Wechsler
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (P.A.R.); (Y.C.); (R.A.K.-B.); (J.B.W.); (B.S.B.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Bradford A. Youngblood
- Allakos, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94065, USA; (W.K.); (A.X.); (T.L.); (J.S.); (J.L.); (B.A.Y.)
| | - Bruce S. Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (P.A.R.); (Y.C.); (R.A.K.-B.); (J.B.W.); (B.S.B.)
| | - Jeremy A. O’Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (P.A.R.); (Y.C.); (R.A.K.-B.); (J.B.W.); (B.S.B.)
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13
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Zhao P, Zhou P, Tang T, Si R, Ji Y, Hu X, Li A, Jiang Y. Levels of circulating mast cell progenitors and tumour‑infiltrating mast cells in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2022; 47:89. [PMID: 35293596 PMCID: PMC8931805 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of mast cells in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been an area of intense interest. Mast cell density is closely related to CRC development and prognosis. The identification of mast cell progenitors (MCps) in peripheral blood provides an opportunity to explore the frequency and distribution of mast cells in the circulation and tumour microenvironment of patients with CRC at different disease stages. The aim of the presents study was to investigate the changes of MCps and mast cells in CRC. Flow cytometry was used to measure the circulating frequency of MCps in 37 patients with CRC and 12 healthy control (HC) patients, and the frequency of mast cells in tissue from 15 patients with CRC and 7 patients with haemorrhoids. In the present study, lower levels of circulating MCps in patients with CRC were found, which was significantly related to CRC development. After surgery, the frequency of circulating MCps was significantly increased. However, the frequency of mast cells in tumour tissues was lower than that in adjacent normal tissues and compared with HC tissues and was not associated with CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Peiwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Tongyu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Rui Si
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yiding Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xintong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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14
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Iuliano C, Absmaier-Kijak M, Sinnberg T, Hoffard N, Hils M, Köberle M, Wölbing F, Shumilina E, Heise N, Fehrenbacher B, Schaller M, Lang F, Kaesler S, Biedermann T. Fetal Tissue-Derived Mast Cells (MC) as Experimental Surrogate for In Vivo Connective Tissue MC. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060928. [PMID: 35326379 PMCID: PMC8946182 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-marrow-derived mast cells are matured from bone marrow cells in medium containing 20% fetal calf serum (FCS), interleukin (IL)-3 and stem-cell factor (SCF) and are used as in vitro models to study mast cells (MC) and their role in health and disease. In vivo, however, BM-derived hematopoietic stem cells account for only a fraction of MC; the majority of MC in vivo are and remain tissue resident. In this study we established a side-by-side culture with BMMC, fetal skin MC (FSMC) or fetal liver MC (FLMC) for comparative studies to identify the best surrogates for mature connective tissue MC (CTMC). All three MC types showed comparable morphology by histology and MC phenotype by flow cytometry. Heterogeneity was detected in the transcriptome with the most differentially expressed genes in FSMC compared to BMMC being Hdc and Tpsb2. Expression of ST2 was highly expressed in BMMC and FSMC and reduced in FLMC, diminishing their secretion of type 2 cytokines. Higher granule content, stronger response to FcεRI activation and significantly higher release of histamine from FSMC compared to FLMC and BMMC indicated differences in MC development in vitro dependent on the tissue of origin. Thus, tissues of origin imprint MC precursor cells to acquire distinct phenotypes and signatures despite identical culture conditions. Fetal-derived MC resemble mature CTMC, with FSMC being the most developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Iuliano
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Magdalena Absmaier-Kijak
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Nils Hoffard
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Miriam Hils
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Martin Köberle
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Florian Wölbing
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Ekaterina Shumilina
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (E.S.); (N.H.); (F.L.)
| | - Nicole Heise
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (E.S.); (N.H.); (F.L.)
| | - Birgit Fehrenbacher
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (E.S.); (N.H.); (F.L.)
| | - Susanne Kaesler
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (T.B.); Tel.: +49-89-4141-3170 (S.K. & T.B.); Fax: 49-89-4141-3171 (S.K. & T.B.)
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (T.B.); Tel.: +49-89-4141-3170 (S.K. & T.B.); Fax: 49-89-4141-3171 (S.K. & T.B.)
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15
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Dahlin JS, Maurer M, Metcalfe DD, Pejler G, Sagi‐Eisenberg R, Nilsson G. The ingenious mast cell: Contemporary insights into mast cell behavior and function. Allergy 2022; 77:83-99. [PMID: 33955017 DOI: 10.1111/all.14881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are (in)famous for their role in allergic diseases, but the physiological and pathophysiological roles of this ingenious cell are still not fully understood. Mast cells are important for homeostasis and surveillance of the human system, recognizing both endogenous and exogenous agents, which induce release of a variety of mediators acting on both immune and non-immune cells, including nerve cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and epithelial cells. During recent years, clinical and experimental studies on human mast cells, as well as experiments using animal models, have resulted in many discoveries that help decipher the function of mast cells in health and disease. In this review, we focus particularly on new insights into mast cell biology, with a focus on mast cell development, recruitment, heterogeneity, and reactivity. We also highlight the development in our understanding of mast cell-driven diseases and discuss the development of novel strategies to treat such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim S. Dahlin
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Dermatological Allergology Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Dean D. Metcalfe
- Mast Cell Biology Section Laboratory of Allergic Diseases NIAID, NIH Bethesda MD USA
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ronit Sagi‐Eisenberg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Gunnar Nilsson
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
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16
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Mast cells and eosinophilic granule cells in Oncorhynchus mykiss: Are they similar or different? FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 2:100029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2021.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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17
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Ozpinar EW, Frey AL, Cruse G, Freytes DO. Mast Cell-Biomaterial Interactions and Tissue Repair. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2021; 27:590-603. [PMID: 33164714 PMCID: PMC8739845 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineers often use biomaterials to provide structural support along with mechanical and chemical signals to modulate the wound healing process. Biomaterials that are implanted into the body interact with a heterogeneous and dynamic inflammatory environment that is present at the site of injury. Whether synthetically derived, naturally derived, or a combination of both, it is important to assess biomaterials for their ability to modulate inflammation to understand their potential clinical use. One important, but underexplored cell in the context of biomaterials is the mast cell (MC). MCs are granulocytic leukocytes that engage in a variety of events in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Although highly recognized for their roles in allergic reactions, MCs play an important role in wound healing by recognizing antigens through pattern recognition receptors and the high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor (FceRI) and releasing granules that affect cell recruitment, fibrosis, extracellular matrix deposition, angiogenesis, and vasculogenesis. MCs also mediate the foreign body response, contributing to the incorporation or rejection of implants. Studies of MC-biomaterial interactions can aid in the elucidation of MC roles during the host tissue response and tissue repair. This review is designed for those in the tissue engineering and biomaterial fields who are interested in exploring the role MCs may play in wound-biomaterial interactions and wound healing. With this review, we hope to inspire more research in the MC-biomaterial space to accelerate the design and construction of optimized implants. Impact statement Mast cells (MCs) are highly specialized inflammatory cells that have crucial, but not fully understood, roles in wound healing and tissue repair. Upon stimulation, they recognize foreign antigens and release granules that help orchestrate the inflammatory response after tissue damage or biomaterial implantation. This review summarizes the current use of MCs in biomaterial research along with literature from the past decade focusing on MC interactions with materials used for tissue repair and regeneration. Studying MC-biomaterial interactions will help (i) further understand the process of inflammation and (ii) design biomaterials and tissue-engineered constructs for optimal repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W Ozpinar
- The Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- The Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ariana L Frey
- The Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Glenn Cruse
- The Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donald O Freytes
- The Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- The Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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18
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Taketomi Y, Endo Y, Higashi T, Murase R, Ono T, Taya C, Kobayashi T, Murakami M. Mast Cell-Specific Deletion of Group III Secreted Phospholipase A 2 Impairs Mast Cell Maturation and Functions. Cells 2021; 10:1691. [PMID: 34359862 PMCID: PMC8303318 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident mast cells (MCs) have important roles in IgE-associated and -independent allergic reactions. Although microenvironmental alterations in MC phenotypes affect the susceptibility to allergy, understanding of the regulation of MC maturation is still incomplete. We previously reported that group III secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-III) released from immature MCs is functionally coupled with lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) synthase in neighboring fibroblasts to supply a microenvironmental pool of PGD2, which in turn acts on the PGD2 receptor DP1 on MCs to promote their proper maturation. In the present study, we reevaluated the role of sPLA2-III in MCs using a newly generated MC-specific Pla2g3-deficient mouse strain. Mice lacking sPLA2-III specifically in MCs, like those lacking the enzyme in all tissues, had immature MCs and displayed reduced local and systemic anaphylactic responses. Furthermore, MC-specific Pla2g3-deficient mice, as well as MC-deficient KitW-sh mice reconstituted with MCs prepared from global Pla2g3-null mice, displayed a significant reduction in irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) and an aggravation of contact hypersensitivity (CHS). The increased CHS response by Pla2g3 deficiency depended at least partly on the reduced expression of hematopoietic PGD2 synthase and thereby reduced production of PGD2 due to immaturity of MCs. Overall, our present study has confirmed that MC-secreted sPLA2-III promotes MC maturation, thereby facilitating acute anaphylactic and ICD reactions and limiting delayed CHS response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Center for Disease Biology and integrative Medicine, Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (Y.T.); (T.H.)
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (Y.E.); (R.M.)
| | - Yuki Endo
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (Y.E.); (R.M.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan;
| | - Takayoshi Higashi
- Center for Disease Biology and integrative Medicine, Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (Y.T.); (T.H.)
| | - Remi Murase
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (Y.E.); (R.M.)
| | - Tomio Ono
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (T.O.); (C.T.)
| | - Choji Taya
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (T.O.); (C.T.)
| | - Tetsuyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan;
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Center for Disease Biology and integrative Medicine, Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (Y.T.); (T.H.)
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (Y.E.); (R.M.)
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Srivastava M, Kaplan MH. Transcription Factors in the Development and Pro-Allergic Function of Mast Cells. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2:679121. [PMID: 35387064 PMCID: PMC8974754 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.679121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are innate immune cells of hematopoietic origin localized in the mucosal tissues of the body and are broadly implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation. Transcription factors have a pivotal role in the development and differentiation of mast cells in response to various microenvironmental signals encountered in the resident tissues. Understanding the regulation of mast cells by transcription factors is therefore vital for mechanistic insights into allergic diseases. In this review we summarize advances in defining the transcription factors that impact the development of mast cells throughout the body and in specific tissues, and factors that are involved in responding to the extracellular milieu. We will further describe the complex networks of transcription factors that impact mast cell physiology and expansion during allergic inflammation and functions from degranulation to cytokine secretion. As our understanding of the heterogeneity of mast cells becomes more detailed, the contribution of specific transcription factors in mast cell-dependent functions will potentially offer new pathways for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Srivastava
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Mark H. Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Mark H. Kaplan
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20
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Mendoza RP, Fudge DH, Brown JM. Cellular Energetics of Mast Cell Development and Activation. Cells 2021; 10:524. [PMID: 33801300 PMCID: PMC7999080 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are essential first responder granulocytes in the innate immune system that are well known for their role in type 1 immune hypersensitivity reactions. Although mostly recognized for their role in allergies, mast cells have a range of influences on other systems throughout the body and can respond to a wide range of agonists to properly prime an appropriate immune response. Mast cells have a dynamic energy metabolism to allow rapid responsiveness to their energetic demands. However, our understanding of mast cell metabolism and its impact on mast cell activation and development is still in its infancy. Mast cell metabolism during stimulation and development shifts between both arms of metabolism: catabolic metabolism-such as glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation-and anabolic metabolism-such as the pentose phosphate pathway. The potential for metabolic pathway shifts to precede and perhaps even control activation and differentiation provides an exciting opportunity to explore energy metabolism for clues in deciphering mast cell function. In this review, we discuss literature pertaining to metabolic environments and fluctuations during different sources of activation, especially IgE mediated vs. non-IgE mediated, and mast cell development, including progenitor cell types leading to the well-known resident mast cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jared M. Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80016, USA; (R.P.M.); (D.H.F.)
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21
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Tomar S, Ganesan V, Sharma A, Zeng C, Waggoner L, Smith A, Kim CH, Licona-Limón P, Reinhardt RL, Flavell RA, Wang YH, Hogan SP. IL-4-BATF signaling directly modulates IL-9 producing mucosal mast cell (MMC9) function in experimental food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:280-295. [PMID: 33069715 PMCID: PMC7856198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study group has previously identified IL-9-producing mucosal mast cell (MMC9) as the primary source of IL-9 to drive intestinal mastocytosis and experimental IgE-mediated food allergy. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the expansion of MMC9s remain unknown. OBJECTIVES This study hypothesized that IL-4 regulates MMC9 development and MMC9-dependent experimental IgE-mediated food allergy. METHODS An epicutaneous sensitization model was used and bone marrow reconstitution experiments were performed to test the requirement of IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) signaling on MMC9s in experimental IgE-mediated food allergy. Flow cytometric, bulk, and single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses on small intestine (SI) MMC9s were performed to illuminate MMC9 transcriptional signature and the effect of IL-4Rα signaling on MMC9 function. A bone marrow-derived MMC9 culture system was used to define IL-4-BATF signaling in MMC9 development. RESULTS Epicutaneous sensitization- and bone marrow reconstitution-based models of IgE-mediated food allergy revealed an IL-4 signaling-dependent cell-intrinsic effect on SI MMC9 accumulation and food allergy severity. RNA-sequencing analysis of SI-MMC9s identified 410 gene transcripts reciprocally regulated by IL-4 signaling, including Il9 and Batf. Insilico analyses identified a 3491-gene MMC9 transcriptional signature and identified 2 transcriptionally distinct SI MMC9 populations enriched for metabolic or inflammatory programs. Employing an in vitro MMC9-culture model system showed that generation of MMC9-like cells was induced by IL-4 and this was in part dependent on BATF. CONCLUSIONS IL-4Rα signaling directly modulates MMC9 function and exacerbation of experimental IgE-mediated food allergic reactions. IL-4Rα regulation of MMC9s is in part BATF-dependent and occurs via modulation of metabolic transcriptional programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Tomar
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Varsha Ganesan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Ankit Sharma
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Chang Zeng
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lisa Waggoner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Andrew Smith
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Chang H Kim
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Paula Licona-Limón
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Richard L Reinhardt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo; Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Md
| | - Yui-Hsi Wang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Type 2 Inflammation and Fibrosis Cluster, Immunology and Inflammation Research, Sanofi, Cambridge, Mass.
| | - Simon P Hogan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
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22
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Moradi Tabriz H, Obohat M, Vahedifard F, Eftekharjavadi A. Survey of Mast Cell Density in Transitional Cell Carcinoma. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 16:119-127. [PMID: 33936222 PMCID: PMC8085279 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2020.123562.2345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the world's seventh most common tumor and forms more than 90% of urinary bladder tumors. Invasive tumors are associated with poor prognosis, even with surgical treatment and chemotherapy. Some studies have found that an increase in the number of mast cells in TCC is related to the tumor grade and its aggressiveness. This study investigated the relationship between mast cell density (MCD) and features of TCC (tumor stage, grade, prognosis, and recurrence). Methods: Fifty-one cases with TCC were selected, and MCD was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Giemsa staining. Mortality rate and tumor recurrence were recorded. Results: The MCD mean was higher in high-grade tumors than in low-grade tumors (in IHC method: 9.127 vs 5.296; in Giemsa method: 5.512 vs 2.608). Also, the MCD mean in dead patients was higher than in survived patients (in IHC method: 11.390 vs 6.211; in Giemsa method: 7.460 vs 3.35). Patients with tumor recurrence showed a higher MCD mean than those without recurrence (in IHC method: 9.395 vs 5.475; in Giemsa method: 5.715 vs 2.931). Conclusion: Using mast cell tryptase and Giemsa, MCD may be associated with a positive correlation with tumor grade in TCC. Correlations between MCD, recurrence, prognosis, and tumor stage are probably caused by the effect of tumor grade (all with P<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Moradi Tabriz
- Department of Pathology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maedeh Obohat
- Department of Pathology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzan Vahedifard
- Department of Neurology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Eftekharjavadi
- Department of Pathology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Ren Y, Lyu Y, Mereness JA, Wang S, Pang J, Mariani TJ. Rare Pulmonary Connective Tissue Type Mast Cells Regulate Lung Endothelial Cell Angiogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1763-1773. [PMID: 32450152 PMCID: PMC9808505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Within the human lung, mast cells typically reside adjacent to the conducting airway and assume a mucosal phenotype (MCT). In rare pathologic conditions, connective tissue phenotype mast cells (MCTCs) can be found in the lung parenchyma. MCTCs accumulate in the lungs of infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a chronic lung disease associated with preterm birth, which is characterized by pulmonary vascular dysmorphia. The human mast cell line (LUVA) was used to model MCTCs or MCTs. The ability of MCTCs to affect vascular organization during fetal lung development was tested in mouse lung explant cultures. The effect of MCTCs on in vitro tube formation and barrier function was studied using primary fetal human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. The mechanistic role of MCTC proteases was tested using inhibitors. MCTCLUVA but not MCTLUVA was associated with vascular dysmorphia in lung explants. In vitro, the addition of MCTCLUVA potentiated fetal human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell interactions, inhibited tube stability, and disrupted endothelial cell junctions. Protease inhibitors ameliorated the ability of MCTCLUVA to alter endothelial cell angiogenic activities in vitro and ex vivo. These data indicate that MCTCs may directly contribute to disrupted angiogenesis in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. A better understanding of factors that regulate mast cell subtype and their different effector functions is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York,Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Yuyan Lyu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Jared A. Mereness
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Shumin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York,Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Jinjiang Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York,Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Thomas J. Mariani
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York,Address correspondence to Thomas J. Mariani, Ph.D., Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Division of Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 850, Rochester, NY 14642.
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24
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Blasco MP, Chauhan A, Honarpisheh P, Ahnstedt H, d’Aigle J, Ganesan A, Ayyaswamy S, Blixt F, Venable S, Major A, Durgan D, Haag A, Kofler J, Bryan R, McCullough LD, Ganesh BP. Age-dependent involvement of gut mast cells and histamine in post-stroke inflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:160. [PMID: 32429999 PMCID: PMC7236952 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01833-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk of stroke-related morbidity and mortality increases significantly with age. Aging is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation, which is thought to contribute to the poorer outcomes after stroke seen in the elderly. Histamine (HA) is a major molecular mediator of inflammation, and mast cells residing in the gut are a primary source of histamine. METHODS Stroke was induced in male C57BL/6 J mice at 3 months (young) and 20 months (aged) of age. Role of histamine after stroke was examined using young (Yg) and aged (Ag) mice; mice underwent MCAO surgery and were euthanized at 6 h, 24 h, and 7 days post-ischemia; sham mice received the same surgery but no MCAO. In this work, we evaluated whether worsened outcomes after experimental stroke in aged mice were associated with age-related changes in mast cells, histamine levels, and histamine receptor expression in the gut, brain, and plasma. RESULTS We found increased numbers of mast cells in the gut and the brain with aging. Using the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemic stroke, we demonstrate that stroke leads to increased numbers of gut mast cells and gut histamine receptor expression levels. These gut-centric changes are associated with elevated levels of HA and other pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, G-CSF, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the peripheral circulation. Our data also shows that post-stroke gut inflammation led to a significant reduction of mucin-producing goblet cells and a loss of gut barrier integrity. Lastly, gut inflammation after stroke is associated with changes in the composition of the gut microbiota as early as 24-h post-stroke. CONCLUSION An important theme emerging from our results is that acute inflammatory events following ischemic insults in the brain persist longer in the aged mice when compared to younger animals. Taken together, our findings implicate mast cell activation and histamine signaling as a part of peripheral inflammatory response after ischemic stroke, which are profound in aged animals. Interfering with histamine signaling orally might provide translational value to improve stroke outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pilar Blasco
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, USA
| | - Anjali Chauhan
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, USA
| | - Pedram Honarpisheh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, USA
| | - Hilda Ahnstedt
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, USA
| | - John d’Aigle
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, USA
| | - Arunkumar Ganesan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Sriram Ayyaswamy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Frank Blixt
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, USA
| | - Susan Venable
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Angela Major
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - David Durgan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Anthony Haag
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Julia Kofler
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Robert Bryan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, USA
| | - Bhanu Priya Ganesh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, USA
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25
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Regan-Komito D, Swann JW, Demetriou P, Cohen ES, Horwood NJ, Sansom SN, Griseri T. GM-CSF drives dysregulated hematopoietic stem cell activity and pathogenic extramedullary myelopoiesis in experimental spondyloarthritis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:155. [PMID: 31919358 PMCID: PMC6952438 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated hematopoiesis occurs in several chronic inflammatory diseases, but it remains unclear how hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow (BM) sense peripheral inflammation and contribute to tissue damage in arthritis. Here, we show the HSC gene expression program is biased toward myelopoiesis and differentiation skewed toward granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMP) during joint and intestinal inflammation in experimental spondyloarthritis (SpA). GM-CSF-receptor is increased on HSCs and multipotent progenitors, favoring a striking increase in myelopoiesis at the earliest hematopoietic stages. GMP accumulate in the BM in SpA and, unexpectedly, at extramedullary sites: in the inflamed joints and spleen. Furthermore, we show that GM-CSF promotes extramedullary myelopoiesis, tissue-toxic neutrophil accumulation in target organs, and GM-CSF prophylactic or therapeutic blockade substantially decreases SpA severity. Surprisingly, besides CD4+ T cells and innate lymphoid cells, mast cells are a source of GM-CSF in this model, and its pathogenic production is promoted by the alarmin IL-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Regan-Komito
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - James W Swann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Philippos Demetriou
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - E Suzanne Cohen
- Biopharmaceutical Research Division, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicole J Horwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, James Watson Road, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Stephen N Sansom
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Thibault Griseri
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
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26
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Kimura H, Yoneya Y, Mikawa S, Kaji N, Ito H, Tsuchida Y, Komatsu H, Murata T, Ozaki H, Uchida R, Nishida K, Hori M. A new zinc chelator, IPZ-010 ameliorates postoperative ileus. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 123:109773. [PMID: 31862476 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc was discovered to be a novel second messenger in immunoreactive cells. We synthesized a novel free zinc chelator, IPZ-010. Here, we investigated the effects of IPZ-010 in a mouse postoperative ileus model and determined the effects of zinc signal inhibition as a new therapeutic strategy against postoperative ileus. Zinc waves were measured in bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) loaded with a zinc indicator, Newport green. Degranulation and cytokine expression were measured in BMMCs and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Postoperative ileus model mice were established with intestinal manipulation. Mice were treated with IPZ-010 (30 mg/kg, s.c. or p.o.) 1 h before and 2 h and 4 h after intestinal manipulation. Gastrointestinal transit, inflammatory cell infiltration, and expression of inflammatory mediators were measured. Free zinc waves occurred following antigen stimulation in BMMCs and were blocked by IPZ-010. IPZ-010 inhibited interleukin-6 secretion and degranulation in BMMCs. IPZ-010 inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA expression in BMMCs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or adenosine triphosphate, whereas IPZ-010 had no effects on tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA expression in BMDMs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or adenosine triphosphate. In postoperative ileus model mice, IPZ-010 inhibited leukocyte infiltration and cytokine expression, which ameliorated gastrointestinal transit. Furthermore, ketotifen (1 mg/kg) induced similar effects as IPZ-010. These effects were not amplified by co-administration of IPZ-010 and ketotifen. IPZ-010 inhibited zinc waves, resulting in inhibition of inflammatory responses in activated BMMCs in vitro. Targeting zinc waves in inflammatory cells may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating postoperative ileus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Kimura
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yoneya
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shoma Mikawa
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kaji
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ito
- Interprotein Corporation, 3-10-2 Toyosaki, Kita-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 531-0072, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Tsuchida
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya-city, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Komatsu
- Interprotein Corporation, 3-10-2 Toyosaki, Kita-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 531-0072, Japan
| | - Takahisa Murata
- Department of Animal Radiology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ozaki
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryota Uchida
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-cho, Suzuka-city, Mie 513-8607, Japan
| | - Keigo Nishida
- Laboratory for Homeostatic Network, RCAI, RIKEN Research Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-cho, Suzuka-city, Mie 513-8607, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hori
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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27
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Kounis NG, Koniari I, Velissaris D, Tzanis G, Hahalis G. Kounis Syndrome—not a Single-organ Arterial Disorder but a Multisystem and Multidisciplinary Disease. Balkan Med J 2019; 36:212-221. [PMID: 31198019 PMCID: PMC6636655 DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2019.2019.5.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary symptoms associated with conditions related to mast cell activation and inflammatory cell interactions, such as those involving T-lymphocytes and macrophages, further inducing allergic, hypersensitivity, anaphylactic, or anaphylactic insults, are currently referred to as the Kounis syndrome. Kounis syndrome is caused by inflammatory mediators released during allergic insults, post-inflammatory cell activation, and interactions via multidirectional stimuli. A platelet subset of 20% with high- and low-affinity IgE surface receptors is also involved in this process. Kounis syndrome is not just a single-organ but also a complex multisystem and multi-organ arterial clinical condition; it affects the coronary, mesenteric, and cerebral arteries and is accompanied by allergy–hypersensitivity–anaphylaxis involving the skin, respiratory, and vascular systems in the context of anesthesia, surgery, radiology, oncology, or even dental and psychiatric medicine; further, it has significantly influences both morbidity and mortality. Kounis syndrome might be caused by numerous and continuously increasing causes, with broad clinical symptoms and signs, via multi-organ arterial system involvement, in patients of any age, thereby demonstrating predominant anaphylactic features in terms of a wide spectrum of mast cell-association disorders. Cardiac symptoms, such as chest pain, coronary vasospasm, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, acute cardiac failure, and sudden cardiac death associated with subclinical, clinical, acute, or chronic allergic reactions, constitute the clinical manifestations of this syndrome. Since its first description, a common pathway between allergic and non-allergic coronary events has been demonstrated. The hypothesis is based on the existence of a much higher degree of mast cell degranulation at plaque erosion or rupture sites compared with at the adjacent areas or even more distant segments in post-acute myocardial infarction of non-allergic etiology. Although mast cell activation, differentiation, and mediator release takes days or weeks, the mast cell degranulation may occur just before any acute coronary event, further resulting in coronary artery vasoconstriction and atheromatous plaque rupture. It seems that medications and natural molecules stabilizing the mast cell membrane as well as monoclonal antibodies protecting the mast cell surface can emerge as novel therapeutic modalities for acute coronary and cerebrovascular event prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G. Kounis
- Department of Cardiology, Patras University School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioanna Koniari
- Electrophysiology and Device Department University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Dimitrios Velissaris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Patras University School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
| | - George Tzanis
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, GVM Care & Research Maria Cecilia Hospital, Via Madonna di Genova, Cotignola RA, Italy
| | - George Hahalis
- Department of Cardiology, Patras University School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
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28
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Navinés-Ferrer A, Ainsua-Enrich E, Serrano-Candelas E, Sayós J, Martin M. Myo1f, an Unconventional Long-Tailed Myosin, Is a New Partner for the Adaptor 3BP2 Involved in Mast Cell Migration. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1058. [PMID: 31143189 PMCID: PMC6521229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell chemotaxis is essential for cell recruitment to target tissues, where these cells play an important role in adaptive and innate immunity. Stem cell factor (SCF) is a major chemoattractant for mast cells. SCF binds to the KIT receptor, thereby triggering tyrosine phosphorylation in the cytoplasmic domain and resulting in docking sites for SH2 domain-containing molecules, such as Lyn and Fyn, and the subsequent activation of the small GTPases Rac that are responsible for cytoskeletal reorganization and mast cell migration. In previous works we have reported the role of 3BP2, an adaptor molecule, in mast cells. 3BP2 silencing reduces FcεRI-dependent degranulation, by targeting Lyn and Syk phosphorylation, as well as SCF-dependent cell survival. This study examines its role in SCF-dependent migration and reveals that 3BP2 silencing in human mast cell line (LAD2) impairs cell migration due to SCF and IgE. In that context we found that 3BP2 silencing decreases Rac-2 and Cdc42 GTPase activity. Furthermore, we identified Myo1f, an unconventional type-I myosin, as a new partner for 3BP2. This protein, whose functions have been described as critical for neutrophil migration, remained elusive in mast cells. Myo1f is expressed in mast cells and colocalizes with cortical actin ring. Interestingly, Myo1f-3BP2 interaction is modulated by KIT signaling. Moreover, SCF dependent adhesion and migration through fibronectin is decreased after Myo1f silencing. Furthermore, Myo1f silencing leads to downregulation of β1 and β7 integrins on the mast cell membrane. Overall, Myo1f is a new 3BP2 ligand that connects the adaptor to actin cytoskeleton and both molecules are involved in SCF dependent mast cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Navinés-Ferrer
- Biochemistry Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Clinic and Experimental Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erola Ainsua-Enrich
- Biochemistry Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Clinic and Experimental Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Serrano-Candelas
- Biochemistry Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Clinic and Experimental Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Sayós
- Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy Group, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Research Institute (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Martin
- Biochemistry Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Clinic and Experimental Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Legere SA, Haidl ID, Légaré JF, Marshall JS. Mast Cells in Cardiac Fibrosis: New Insights Suggest Opportunities for Intervention. Front Immunol 2019; 10:580. [PMID: 31001246 PMCID: PMC6455071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MC) are innate immune cells present in virtually all body tissues with key roles in allergic disease and host defense. MCs recognize damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through expression of multiple receptors including Toll-like receptors and the IL-33 receptor ST2. MCs can be activated to degranulate and release pre-formed mediators, to synthesize and secrete cytokines and chemokines without degranulation, and/or to produce lipid mediators. MC numbers are generally increased at sites of fibrosis. They are potent, resident, effector cells producing mediators that regulate the fibrotic process. The nature of the secretory products produced by MCs depend on micro-environmental signals and can be both pro- and anti-fibrotic. MCs have been repeatedly implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis and in angiogenic responses in hypoxic tissues, but these findings are controversial. Several rodent studies have indicated a protective role for MCs. MC-deficient mice have been reported to have poorer outcomes after coronary artery ligation and increased cardiac function upon MC reconstitution. In contrast, MCs have also been implicated as key drivers of fibrosis. MC stabilization during a hypertensive rat model and an atrial fibrillation mouse model rescued associated fibrosis. Discrepancies in the literature could be related to problems with mouse models of MC deficiency. To further complicate the issue, mice generally have a much lower density of MCs in their cardiac tissue than humans, and as such comparing MC deficient and MC containing mouse models is not necessarily reflective of the role of MCs in human disease. In this review, we will evaluate the literature regarding the role of MCs in cardiac fibrosis with an emphasis on what is known about MC biology, in this context. MCs have been well-studied in allergic disease and multiple pharmacological tools are available to regulate their function. We will identify potential opportunities to manipulate human MC function and the impact of their mediators with a view to preventing or reducing harmful fibrosis. Important therapeutic opportunities could arise from increased understanding of the impact of such potent, resident immune cells, with the ability to profoundly alter long term fibrotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Legere
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ian D. Haidl
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jean-François Légaré
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Jean S. Marshall
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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30
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Huber M, Cato ACB, Ainooson GK, Freichel M, Tsvilovskyy V, Jessberger R, Riedlinger E, Sommerhoff CP, Bischoff SC. Regulation of the pleiotropic effects of tissue-resident mast cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:S31-S45. [PMID: 30772496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs), which are best known for their detrimental role in patients with allergic diseases, act in a diverse array of physiologic and pathologic functions made possible by the plurality of MC types. Their various developmental avenues and distinct sensitivity to (micro-) environmental conditions convey extensive heterogeneity, resulting in diverse functions. We briefly summarize this heterogeneity, elaborate on molecular determinants that allow MCs to communicate with their environment to fulfill their tasks, discuss the protease repertoire stored in secretory lysosomes, and consider different aspects of MC signaling. Furthermore, we describe key MC governance mechanisms (ie, the high-affinity receptor for IgE [FcεRI]), the stem cell factor receptor KIT, the IL-4 system, and both Ca2+- and phosphatase-dependent mechanisms. Finally, we focus on distinct physiologic functions, such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis, host defense, and the regulation of MC functions at the mucosal barriers of the lung, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. A deeper knowledge of the pleiotropic functions of MC mediators, as well as the molecular processes of MC regulation and communication, should enable us to promote beneficial MC traits in physiology and suppress detrimental MC functions in patients with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andrew C B Cato
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - George K Ainooson
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marc Freichel
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Tsvilovskyy
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eva Riedlinger
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
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31
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Dattoli SD, Baiula M, De Marco R, Bedini A, Anselmi M, Gentilucci L, Spampinato S. DS-70, a novel and potent α 4 integrin antagonist, is an effective treatment for experimental allergic conjunctivitis in guinea pigs. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3891-3910. [PMID: 30051467 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Allergic conjunctivitis is an eye inflammation that involves the infiltration of immune cells into the conjunctiva via cell surface-adhesion receptors, such as integrin α4 β1 . These receptors interact with adhesion molecules expressed on the conjunctival endothelium and may be a target to treat this disease. We synthesized DS-70, a novel α/β-peptidomimetic α4 integrin antagonist, to prevent the conjunctival infiltration of immune cells and clinical symptoms in a model of allergic conjunctivitis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In vitro, DS-70 was pharmacologically characterized using a scintillation proximity procedure to measure its affinity for α4 β1 integrin, and its effect on cell adhesion mediated by different integrins was also evaluated. The effects of DS-70 on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)-mediated degranulation of a human mast cell line and an eosinophilic cell line, which both express α4 β1 , and on VCAM-1-mediated phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 in Jurkat E6.1 cells were investigated. Effects of DS-70 administered in the conjunctival fornix of ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs were evaluated. KEY RESULTS DS-70 bound to integrin α4 β1 with nanomolar affinity, prevented the adhesion of α4 integrin-expressing cells, antagonized VCAM-1-mediated degranulation of mast cells and eosinophils and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. Only 20% was degraded after an 8 h incubation with serum. DS-70 dose-dependently reduced the clinical symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis, conjunctival α4 integrin expression and conjunctival levels of chemokines and cytokines in ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings highlight the role of α4 integrin in allergic conjunctivitis and suggest that DS-70 is a potential treatment for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Baiula
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rossella De Marco
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Bedini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Anselmi
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Gentilucci
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Santi Spampinato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Caslin HL, Kiwanuka KN, Haque TT, Taruselli MT, MacKnight HP, Paranjape A, Ryan JJ. Controlling Mast Cell Activation and Homeostasis: Work Influenced by Bill Paul That Continues Today. Front Immunol 2018; 9:868. [PMID: 29755466 PMCID: PMC5932183 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue resident, innate immune cells with heterogenous phenotypes tuned by cytokines and other microenvironmental stimuli. Playing a protective role in parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections, mast cells are also known for their role in the pathogenesis of allergy, asthma, and autoimmune diseases. Here, we review factors controlling mast cell activation, with a focus on receptor signaling and potential therapies for allergic disease. Specifically, we will discuss our work with FcεRI and FγR signaling, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β1 treatment, and Stat5. We conclude with potential therapeutics for allergic disease. Much of these efforts have been influenced by the work of Bill Paul. With many mechanistic targets for mast cell activation and different classes of therapeutics being studied, there is reason to be hopeful for continued clinical progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Caslin
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Kasalina N Kiwanuka
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Tamara T Haque
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Marcela T Taruselli
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - H Patrick MacKnight
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Anuya Paranjape
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - John J Ryan
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Wiest M, Upchurch K, Yin W, Ellis J, Xue Y, Lanier B, Millard M, Joo H, Oh S. Clinical implications of CD4 + T cell subsets in adult atopic asthma patients. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2018; 14:7. [PMID: 29507584 PMCID: PMC5833086 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-018-0231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T cells play a central role in chronic inflammation in asthma. However, the roles of individual subsets of T cells in the pathology of asthma in patients remain to be better understood. Methods We investigated the potential signatures of T cell subset phenotypes in asthma using fresh whole blood from adult atopic asthma patients (n = 43) and non-asthmatic control subjects (n = 22). We further assessed their potential clinical implications by correlating asthma severity. Results We report four major features of CD4+ T cells in the blood of atopic asthma patients. First, patients had a profound increase of CCR7+ memory CD4+ T cells, but not CCR7− memory CD4+ T cells. Second, an increase in CCR4+ CD4+ T cells in patients was mainly attributed to the increase of CCR7+ memory CD4+ T cells. Accordingly, the frequency of CCR4+CCR7+ memory CD4+ T cells correlated with asthma severity. Current common asthma therapeutics (including corticosteroids) were not able to affect the frequency of CCR4+CCR7+ memory CD4+ T cell subsets. Third, patients had an increase of Tregs, as assessed by measuring CD25, Foxp3, IL-10 and CTLA-4 expression. However, asthma severity was inversely correlated only with the frequency of CTLA-4+ CD4+ T cells. Lastly, patients and control subjects have similar frequencies of CD4+ T cells that express CCR5, CCR6, CXCR3, CXCR5, CD11a, or α4 integrin. However, the frequency of α4+ CD4+ T cells in patients correlated with asthma severity. Conclusions CCR4+CCR7+ memory, but not CCR4+CCR7− memory, α4+, and CTLA4+ CD4+ T cells in patients show significant clinical implications in atopic asthma. Current common therapeutics cannot alter the frequency of such CD4+ T cell subsets in adult atopic asthma patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13223-018-0231-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wiest
- 1Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, 3434 Live Oak St., Dallas, TX 75204 USA.,2Institute for Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX USA
| | - Katherine Upchurch
- 1Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, 3434 Live Oak St., Dallas, TX 75204 USA.,2Institute for Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX USA
| | - Wenjie Yin
- 1Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, 3434 Live Oak St., Dallas, TX 75204 USA.,2Institute for Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX USA
| | - Jerome Ellis
- 1Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, 3434 Live Oak St., Dallas, TX 75204 USA
| | - Yaming Xue
- 1Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, 3434 Live Oak St., Dallas, TX 75204 USA
| | | | - Mark Millard
- 4Martha Foster Lung Care Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - HyeMee Joo
- 1Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, 3434 Live Oak St., Dallas, TX 75204 USA.,2Institute for Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX USA
| | - SangKon Oh
- 1Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, 3434 Live Oak St., Dallas, TX 75204 USA.,2Institute for Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX USA
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Bodduluri SR, Mathis S, Maturu P, Krishnan E, Satpathy SR, Chilton PM, Mitchell TC, Lira S, Locati M, Mantovani A, Jala VR, Haribabu B. Mast Cell-Dependent CD8 + T-cell Recruitment Mediates Immune Surveillance of Intestinal Tumors in Apc Min/+ Mice. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:332-347. [PMID: 29382671 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The presence of mast cells in some human colorectal cancers is a positive prognostic factor, but the basis for this association is incompletely understood. Here, we found that mice with a heterozygous mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (ApcMin/+) displayed reduced intestinal tumor burdens and increased survival in a chemokine decoy receptor, ACKR2-null background, which led to discovery of a critical role for mast cells in tumor defense. ACKR2-/-ApcMin/+ tumors showed increased infiltration of mast cells, their survival advantage was lost in mast cell-deficient ACKR2-/-SA-/-ApcMin/+ mice as the tumors grew rapidly, and adoptive transfer of mast cells restored control of tumor growth. Mast cells from ACKR2-/- mice showed elevated CCR2 and CCR5 expression and were also efficient in antigen presentation and activation of CD8+ T cells. Mast cell-derived leukotriene B4 (LTB4) was found to be required for CD8+ T lymphocyte recruitment, as mice lacking the LTB4 receptor (ACKR2-/-BLT1-/-ApcMin/+) were highly susceptible to intestinal tumor-induced mortality. Taken together, these data demonstrate that chemokine-mediated recruitment of mast cells is essential for initiating LTB4/BLT1-regulated CD8+ T-cell homing and generation of effective antitumor immunity against intestinal tumors. We speculate that the pathway reported here underlies the positive prognostic significance of mast cells in selected human tumors. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(3); 332-47. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobha R Bodduluri
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Steven Mathis
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Paramahamsa Maturu
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Elangovan Krishnan
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Shuchismita R Satpathy
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Paula M Chilton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky.,Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Thomas C Mitchell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky.,Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Sergio Lira
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Massimo Locati
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Venkatakrishna R Jala
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Bodduluri Haribabu
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
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Yao PL, Morales JL, Gonzalez FJ, Peters JM. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ modulates mast cell phenotype. Immunology 2017; 150:456-467. [PMID: 27935639 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) is known to have multiple anti-inflammatory effects, typically observed in endothelial cells, macrophages, T cells and B cells. Despite the fact that mast cells are important mediators of inflammation, to date, the role of PPARβ/δ in mast cells has not been examined. Hence, the present study examined the hypothesis that PPARβ/δ modulates mast cell phenotype. Bone-marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) and peritoneal mast cells from Pparβ/δ+/+ mice expressed higher levels of high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) compared with Pparβ/δ-/- mice. BMMCs from Pparβ/δ+/+ mice also exhibited dense granules, associated with higher expression of enzymes and proteases compared with Pparβ/δ-/- mice. Resting BMMCs from Pparβ/δ+/+ mice secreted lower levels of inflammatory cytokines, associated with the altered activation of phospholipase Cγ1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases compared with Pparβ/δ-/- mice. Moreover, the production of cytokines by mast cells induced by various stimuli was highly dependent on PPARβ/δ expression. This study demonstrates that PPARβ/δ is an important regulator of mast cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Li Yao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jose L Morales
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Peters
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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36
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Cardamone C, Parente R, Feo GD, Triggiani M. Mast cells as effector cells of innate immunity and regulators of adaptive immunity. Immunol Lett 2016; 178:10-4. [PMID: 27393494 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are widely distributed in human organs and tissues and they are particularly abundant at major body interfaces with the external environment such as the skin, the lung and the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, mast cells are located around blood vessels and are highly represented within central and peripheral lymphoid organs. The strategic distribution of mast cells closely reflects the primary role of these cells in providing first-line defense against environmental dangers, in regulating local and systemic inflammatory reactions and in shaping innate and adaptive immune responses. Human mast cells have pleiotropic and multivalent functions that make them highly versatile cells able to rapidly adapt responses to microenvironmental changes. They express a wide variety of surface receptors including immunoglobulin receptors, pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors and danger signal receptors. The abundance of these receptors makes mast cells unique and effective surveillance cells able to detect promptly aggression by viral, bacterial and parasitic agents. In addition, mast cells express multiple receptors for cytokines and chemokines that confer them the capacity of being recruited and activated at sites of inflammation. Once activated by immunological or nonimmunological stimuli mast cells secrete a wide spectrum of preformed (early) and de novo synthesized (late) mediators. Preformed mediators are stored within granules and are rapidly released in the extracellular environment to provide a fast vascular response that promotes inflammation and local recruitment of other innate immunity cells such as neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and monocyte/macrophages. Later on, delayed release of multiple cytokines and chemokines from mast cells further induce modulation of cells of adaptive immunity and regulates tissue injury and, eventually, resolution of inflammation. Finally, mast cells express several costimulatory and inhibitory surface molecules that can finely tune activities of T cells, B cells and regulatory cells by cognate interactions within lymphoid organs. The multivalent capacity to recognize and to react to internal and external dangers together with their ability to cross-talk with other immunocompetent cells make mast cells a unique effector cell of innate responses and a main bridge between innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cardamone
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Roberta Parente
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Giulia De Feo
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Italy.
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38
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Murine and human mast cell progenitors. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 778:2-10. [PMID: 26164789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of mature mast cells (MCs) from hematopoietic progenitor cells as well as the identification and characterization of committed progenitor cells are a current focus of mast cell research. Most published reports in this area are on the origin and differentiation of MCs in mice. Evidence for the human system, i.e. derived from primary human MCs, is widely lacking. Based on the published data, MCs develop either from a committed progenitor or from a common basophil/mast cell precursor. This review summarizes the current knowledge on MC development and MC differentiation.
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39
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Are mast cells implicated in asphyxia? Int J Legal Med 2015; 130:153-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-015-1211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Saluja R, Zoltowska A, Ketelaar ME, Nilsson G. IL-33 and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin in mast cell functions. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 778:68-76. [PMID: 26051792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) and Interleukin 33 (IL-33) are two cytokines released by cells that are in proximity to our environment, e.g., keratinocytes of the skin and epithelial cells of the airways. Pathogens, allergens, chemicals and other agents induce the release of TSLP and IL-33, which are recognized by mast cells. TSLP and IL-33 affect several mast cell functions, including growth, survival and mediator release. These molecules do not directly induce exocytosis, but cause release of de novo synthesized lipid mediators and cytokines. TSLP and IL-33 are also implicated in inflammatory diseases where mast cells are known to be an important part of the pathogenesis, e.g., asthma and atopic dermatitis. In this chapter we describe and discuss the implications of TSLP and IL-33 on mast cell functions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Saluja
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anna Zoltowska
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Elizabeth Ketelaar
- University of Groningen, Laboratory of Allergology and Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gunnar Nilsson
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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41
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Wang LD, Rao TN, Rowe RG, Nguyen PT, Sullivan JL, Pearson DS, Doulatov S, Wu L, Lindsley RC, Zhu H, DeAngelo DJ, Daley GQ, Wagers AJ. The role of Lin28b in myeloid and mast cell differentiation and mast cell malignancy. Leukemia 2015; 29:1320-30. [PMID: 25655194 PMCID: PMC4456252 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are critical components of the innate immune system and important for host defense, allergy, autoimmunity, tissue regeneration and tumor progression. Dysregulated MC development leads to systemic mastocytosis (SM), a clinically variable but often devastating family of hematologic disorders. Here we report that induced expression of Lin28, a heterochronic gene and pluripotency factor implicated in driving a fetal hematopoietic program, caused MC accumulation in adult mice in target organs such as the skin and peritoneal cavity. In vitro assays revealed a skewing of myeloid commitment in LIN28B-expressing hematopoietic progenitors, with increased levels of LIN28B in common myeloid and basophil-MC progenitors altering gene expression patterns to favor cell fate choices that enhanced MC specification. In addition, LIN28B-induced MCs appeared phenotypically and functionally immature, and in vitro assays suggested a slowing of MC terminal differentiation in the context of LIN28B upregulation. Finally, interrogation of human MC leukemia samples revealed upregulation of LIN28B in abnormal MCs from patients with SM. This work identifies Lin28 as a novel regulator of innate immune function and a new protein of interest in MC disease.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Hematopoiesis/physiology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Mast-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Mast-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Mast-Cell/therapy
- Male
- Mast Cells/cytology
- Mast Cells/metabolism
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/metabolism
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/pathology
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Myeloid Cells/cytology
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo D. Wang
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tata Nageswara Rao
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R. Grant Rowe
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Phi T. Nguyen
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jessica L. Sullivan
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel S. Pearson
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sergei Doulatov
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linwei Wu
- Children’s Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - R. Coleman Lindsley
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children’s Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel J. DeAngelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Q. Daley
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy J. Wagers
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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42
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Platzer B, Baker K, Vera MP, Singer K, Panduro M, Lexmond WS, Turner D, Vargas SO, Kinet JP, Maurer D, Baron RM, Blumberg RS, Fiebiger E. Dendritic cell-bound IgE functions to restrain allergic inflammation at mucosal sites. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:516-32. [PMID: 25227985 PMCID: PMC4363306 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-mediated cross-linking of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) bound to mast cells/basophils via FcɛRI, the high affinity IgE Fc-receptor, is a well-known trigger of allergy. In humans, but not mice, dendritic cells (DCs) also express FcɛRI that is constitutively occupied with IgE. In contrast to mast cells/basophils, the consequences of IgE/FcɛRI signals for DC function remain poorly understood. We show that humanized mice that express FcɛRI on DCs carry IgE like non-allergic humans and do not develop spontaneous allergies. Antigen-specific IgE/FcɛRI cross-linking fails to induce maturation or production of inflammatory mediators in human DCs and FcɛRI-humanized DCs. Furthermore, conferring expression of FcɛRI to DCs decreases the severity of food allergy and asthma in disease-relevant models suggesting anti-inflammatory IgE/FcɛRI signals. Consistent with the improved clinical parameters in vivo, antigen-specific IgE/FcɛRI cross-linking on papain or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated DCs inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Migration assays confirm that the IgE-dependent decrease in cytokine production results in diminished recruitment of mast cell progenitors; providing a mechanistic explanation for the reduced mast cell-dependent allergic phenotype observed in FcɛRI-humanized mice. Our study demonstrates a novel immune regulatory function of IgE and proposes that DC-intrinsic IgE signals serve as a feedback mechanism to restrain allergic tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Platzer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kristi Baker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Miguel Pinilla Vera
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathleen Singer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marisella Panduro
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Willem S. Lexmond
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Devin Turner
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sara O. Vargas
- Departments of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Kinet
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dieter Maurer
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Rebecca M. Baron
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard S. Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edda Fiebiger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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43
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Ottina E, Lyberg K, Sochalska M, Villunger A, Nilsson GP. Knockdown of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family member A1/Bfl-1 protects mice from anaphylaxis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:1316-22. [PMID: 25548219 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many forms of hypersensitivity reactions and allergic responses depend on deregulated mast cell activity. Several reports suggested that the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Bcl2a1/Bfl-1/A1 plays a critical role in mast cell survival upon activation. However, its in vivo relevance is poorly understood because of quadruplication of the Bcl2a1 gene locus in mice, hindering conventional knockout studies. In this study, we used a mouse model allowing traceable constitutive knockdown of all A1 isoforms expressed in the hematopoietic system by RNA interference. Knockdown of A1 reduced mast cell numbers in the skin and impaired connective tissue-like mast cell survival upon FcεRI-mediated activation in vitro. In contrast, A1 was dispensable for mucosa-like mast cell differentiation and survival. Moreover, knockdown of A1 prevented IgE-mediated passive systemic and cutaneous anaphylaxis in vivo. Our findings demonstrate that A1 is essential for the homeostasis of connective tissue mast cells, identifying A1 as a possible therapeutic target for therapy of certain types of mast cell-driven allergy symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Ottina
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - Katarina Lyberg
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Sochalska
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - Gunnar P Nilsson
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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44
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Junkins RD, Carrigan SO, Wu Z, Stadnyk AW, Cowley E, Issekutz T, Berman J, Lin TJ. Mast Cells Protect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa–Induced Lung Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2310-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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45
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Irizarry Rovira AR, Holzer TR, Credille KM. Systemic mastocytosis in an African fat-tail gecko (Hemitheconyx caudicinctus). J Comp Pathol 2014; 151:130-4. [PMID: 24813156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A 3-year-old African fat-tail gecko (Hemitheconyx caudicinctus) suddenly became lethargic and died 2 days later. Necropsy examination revealed a submandibular mass and discolouration of the liver, kidneys and skeletal muscles of the tail. Microscopical evaluation revealed neoplastic mast cells in the skin, liver, kidneys, skeletal muscles, bones, spleen, uterus, ovaries and lungs. Exfoliative cytological, histopathological and ultrastructural features were consistent with systemic mastocytosis. Neoplastic proliferative disorders of mast cells are rare in reptiles and this is the first report of mast cell neoplasia in geckos.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Irizarry Rovira
- Department of Investigational Pathology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - T R Holzer
- Department of Diagnostic and Experimental Pathology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - K M Credille
- Department of Diagnostic and Experimental Pathology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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46
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New era for mucosal mast cells: their roles in inflammation, allergic immune responses and adjuvant development. Exp Mol Med 2014; 46:e83. [PMID: 24626169 PMCID: PMC3972796 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To achieve immune homeostasis in such a harsh environment as the intestinal mucosa, both active and quiescent immunity operate simultaneously. Disruption of gut immune homeostasis leads to the development of intestinal immune diseases such as colitis and food allergies. Among various intestinal innate immune cells, mast cells (MCs) play critical roles in protective immunity against pathogenic microorganisms, especially at mucosal sites. This suggests the potential for a novel MC-targeting type of vaccine adjuvant. Dysregulated activation of MCs also results in inflammatory responses in mucosal compartments. The regulation of this yin and yang function of MCs remains to be elucidated. In this review, we focus on the roles of mucosal MCs in the regulation of intestinal allergic reaction, inflammation and their potential as a new target for the development of mucosal adjuvants.
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47
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Fischer KD, Agrawal DK. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in inflammation and allergy. Front Immunol 2013; 4:428. [PMID: 24363657 PMCID: PMC3849597 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells contribute to allergic inflammation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines that are generated following allergen challenge can impact the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells leading to increased production of effector cells such as eosinophils and basophils, which are key cells involved in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation. Homing of stem cells to the lungs is associated with inflammatory and remodeling changes in asthmatics. Factors that modulate the differentiation and increased migration of stem cells to the site of inflammation in asthma remain to be defined. Stem cells can mature at the site of inflammation in response to inflammatory mediators and other components in the milieu. While the available data suggest that hematopoietic cells traffic to target tissues, the molecular factors underlying in situ differentiation have yet to be specified. Here, we critically evaluate the potential role of hematopoietic progenitors in contributing to the increased immune cell infiltrate in allergic asthma and the factors that drive their differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly D Fischer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha, NE , USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha, NE , USA ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha, NE , USA ; Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha, NE , USA ; Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha, NE , USA
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48
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Colon Macrophages Polarized by Commensal Bacteria Cause Colitis and Cancer through the Bystander Effect. Transl Oncol 2013; 6:596-606. [PMID: 24151540 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal commensal bacteria have recently been shown to trigger macrophages to produce diffusible clastogens (or chromosome-breaking factors) through a bystander effect (BSE) that mediates DNA damage and induces chromosomal instability in neighboring cells. Colon macrophages appear central to colon carcinogenesis and BSE through the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The former induces netrin-1, a regulator of intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, and the latter generates trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), an endogenous mutagen. To test whether colon macrophages are key effectors for BSE, we depleted these cells in interleukin-10 knockout mice colonized with Enterococcus faecalis using encapsulated liposomal clodronate (ELC), a bisphosphonate that causes macrophage apoptosis. We observed that E. faecalis polarizes colon macrophages to an M1 phenotype. In addition, depleting these cells suppressed COX-2 and TNF-α, blocked the formation of 4-HNE protein adducts, and inhibited up-regulation of netrin-1-all markers for BSE. Finally, treatment with ELC prevented colitis, β-catenin activation, and cancer formation. These results show that selected human commensals can polarize colon macrophages to the M1 phenotype and, when activated, serve as the key effector for bacterial-induced BSE. Our findings suggest that depleting M1-polarized macro-phages is a mechanism for the chemopreventive activity of bisphosphonates and that it represents a new strategy for preventing colon cancer induced by intestinal commensals.
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49
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Dahlin JS, Heyman B, Hallgren J. Committed mast cell progenitors in mouse blood differ in maturity between Th1 and Th2 strains. Allergy 2013; 68:1333-7. [PMID: 24112044 PMCID: PMC4226387 DOI: 10.1111/all.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell progenitors (MCp) leave the bone marrow and migrate to peripheral tissues where they mature. Although the existence of committed MCp in adult mouse and human blood has been postulated, they have never been found. We have isolated a rare population of cells in adult mouse blood, committed to the mast cell lineage. These were identified as lineage− c-kithi ST2+ integrin β7hi CD16/32hi cells. Moreover, a major difference in maturity of these cells based on FcεRI expression was observed between the Th2-prone BALB/c strain and the Th1-prone C57BL/6 strain (66% vs 25% FcεRI+, respectively). Therefore, the choice of mouse strain is critical when studying disease models such as experimental asthma where mast cells and their progenitors are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Dahlin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - B. Heyman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - J. Hallgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
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50
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Kraft S, Jouvin MH, Kulkarni N, Kissing S, Morgan ES, Dvorak AM, Schröder B, Saftig P, Kinet JP. The tetraspanin CD63 is required for efficient IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation and anaphylaxis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2871-8. [PMID: 23945142 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell (MC) activation through the high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI leads to the release of mediators involved in immediate-type allergic reactions. Although Abs against the tetraspanins CD63 and CD81 inhibit FcεRI-induced MC degranulation, the intrinsic role of these molecules in FcεRI-induced MC activation is unknown. In MCs, CD63 is expressed at the cell surface and in lysosomes (particularly secretory lysosomes that contain allergic mediators). In this study, we investigated the role of CD63 in MC using a CD63 knockout mouse model. CD63-deficiency did not affect in vivo MC numbers and tissue distribution. Bone marrow-derived MC developed normally in the absence of CD63 protein. However, CD63-deficient bone marrow-derived MC showed a significant decrease in FcεRI-mediated degranulation, but not PMA/ionomycin-induced degranulation, as shown by β-hexosaminidase release assays. The secretion of TNF-α, which is both released from granules and synthesized de novo upon MC activation, was also decreased. IL-6 secretion and production of the lipid mediator leukotriene C₄ were unaffected. There were no ultrastructural differences in granule content and morphology, late endosomal/lysosomal marker expression, FcεRI-induced global tyrosine phosphorylation, and Akt phosphorylation. Finally, local reconstitution in genetically MC-deficient Kit(w/w-v) mice was unaffected by the absence of CD63. However, the sites reconstituted with CD63-deficient MC developed significantly attenuated cutaneous anaphylactic reactions. These findings demonstrate that the absence of CD63 results in a significant decrease of MC degranulation, which translates into a reduction of acute allergic reactions in vivo, thus identifying CD63 as an important component of allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kraft
- Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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