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Karpuz MA, Kale İ, Helvacıoğlu Ç, Muhcu M. Investigation of serum apelin-13 and apelin-36 concentrations in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia; a prospective case-control study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2024; 37:2341298. [PMID: 38626005 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2024.2341298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the relationship between preeclampsia and maternal serum apelin-13 and apelin-36 concentrations. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of Umraniye Training and Research Hospital. The preeclampsia group consisted of 40 pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia, and the control group consisted of 40 healthy pregnant women matched with the preeclampsia group in terms of age and body mass index. The two groups were compared in terms of maternal serum apelin-13 and apelin-36 concentrations. RESULTS Both groups were similar in terms of demographic characteristics and the gestational week at blood sampling. Maternal serum apelin-13 and apelin-36 concentrations were significantly lower in the preeclampsia group than in the control group (p = 0.005, p = 0.001, respectively). The optimal cutoff value for the prediction of preeclampsia in receiver operator curve analysis for apelin-13 was determined as 1781.67 pg/ml with 60% sensitivity and 60% specificity, and 885.5 pg/ml for apelin-36 with 67% sensitivity and 65% specificity. We divided the preeclampsia group into two groups mild and severe and compared the three groups in terms of maternal serum apelin-13 and apelin-36 concentrations. The lowest apelin-13 concentration was detected in the severe preeclampsia group, while the lowest apelin-36 concentration was detected in the mild preeclampsia group (p = 0.020, p = 0.003, respectively). Considering the onset of the disease, we divided the preeclampsia group into two groups early and late-onset, then compared the three groups in terms of maternal serum apelin-13 and apelin-36 concentrations. The lowest maternal serum apelin-13 and apelin-36 concentrations were detected in the early-onset preeclampsia group (p = 0.016, p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION It was determined that serum apelin-13 and apelin-36 concentrations were significantly lower in preeclamptic pregnant women, this decrease was more significant in early-onset preeclampsia, and low maternal serum apelin-13 concentration was more associated with the severity of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Ali Karpuz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Kale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Çağlar Helvacıoğlu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Muhcu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Fetal Unit, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Magnan C. The adipocyte speaks to the brain: Beyond leptin. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2024; 85:206-209. [PMID: 38871501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Magnan
- Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, université Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France.
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3
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Torres R, Maita K, Garcia J, Serrano L, Ho O, Forte AJ. Modulation of Burn Hypermetabolism in Preclinical Models. Cureus 2023; 15:e33518. [PMID: 36779088 PMCID: PMC9904913 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe burns elicit a state of physiological stress and increased metabolism to help the body compensate for the changes associated with the traumatic injury. However, this hypermetabolic state is associated with increased insulin resistance, cardiovascular dysfunction, skeletal muscle catabolism, impaired wound healing, and delayed recovery. Several interventions were attempted to modulate burn hypermetabolism, including nutritional support, early excision and grafting, and growth hormone application. However, burn hypermetabolism still imposes significant morbidity and mortality in burn patients. Due to the limitations of in vitro models, animal models are indispensable in burn research. Animal models provide researchers with invaluable tools to test the safety and efficacy of novel treatments or advance our knowledge of previously utilized agents. Several animal studies evaluated novel therapies to modulate burn hypermetabolism in the last few years, including recombinant human growth hormone, erythropoietin, acipimox, apelin, anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody, and ghrelin therapies. Results from these studies are promising and may be effectively translated into human studies. In addition, other studies revisited drugs previously used in clinical practice, such as insulin and metformin, to further investigate their underlying mechanisms as modulators of burn hypermetabolism. This review aims to update burn experts with the novel therapies under investigation in burn hypermetabolism with a focus on applicability and translation. Furthermore, we aim to guide researchers in selecting the correct animal model for their experiments by providing a summary of the methodology and the rationale of the latest studies.
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The apelin/APJ signaling system and cytoprotection: Role of its cross-talk with kappa opioid receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 936:175353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Milton-Laskibar I, Trepiana J, Macarulla MT, Gómez-Zorita S, Arellano-García L, Fernández-Quintela A, Portillo MP. Potential usefulness of Mediterranean diet polyphenols against COVID-19-induced inflammation: a review of the current knowledge. J Physiol Biochem 2022:10.1007/s13105-022-00926-0. [PMID: 36346507 PMCID: PMC9641689 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is a dietary pattern typical of the populations living in the Mediterranean basin during the 50s-60s of the last century. This diet has demonstrated beneficial effects in the prevention of several pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, or several cancer types, at least in part, due to its antioxidant compounds. Since the COVID-19 pandemic started, different authors have been studying the effects of certain dietary habits on the presence of COVID-19 and its severity, and the Mediterranean diet is one of them. This review gathers data from studies supporting the potential usefulness of the main phenolic compounds present in the Mediterranean diet, based on their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as preventive/therapeutic agents against COVID-19. The current evidence supports the potential benefits that hydroxytyrosol, resveratrol, flavonols such as quercetin, flavanols like catechins, and flavanones on the order of naringenin could have on COVID-19. This is due to the increase in the synthesis and translocations of Nrf-2, which increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes and thus reduces ROS production, the scavenging of free radicals, and the suppression of the activity of MMP-9, which is involved in the cytokine storm, and the inhibition of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Milton-Laskibar
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IMDEA- Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Spanish National Research Council, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain ,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jenifer Trepiana
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain ,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ,BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Teresa Macarulla
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain ,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ,BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Saioa Gómez-Zorita
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain ,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ,BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Laura Arellano-García
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Alfredo Fernández-Quintela
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain ,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ,BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María P. Portillo
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain ,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ,BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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6
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Presence and localization of apelin and its cognate receptor in canine testes using immunohistochemical and RT-PCR techniques. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:929-935. [PMID: 36331787 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Apelin, a member of the adipokine family, is a novel endogenous peptide which regulates the male reproductive system of mammals by interacting with a specific receptor. Recent studies have highlighted that apelin may play a role in the regulation of reproduction by reducing testosterone production and inhibiting LH secretion. To the best of our knowledge, there is no available data on the presence of the apelin and its receptor in canine testes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reveal the presence of apelin and evaluate its distribution in the canine testes using immunohistochemical and RT-PCR techniques. For this purpose, five fertile and healthy male dogs were subjected to elective orchiectomy. The immunohistochemical reaction revealed the presence of apelin and its receptor in the canine testes. Apelin was localized in spermatids and spermatozoa with a positive signal in the "acrosomal bodies". As regards the apelin receptor, a positive immunoreaction was detected in the cytoplasm of the cells localized near to the basal membrane of the seminiferous tubules and in the cytoplasm of Leydig cells. The RT-PCR analysis showed the presence of transcripts for apelin and apelin receptor in all of the samples under study. A 35kDa band confirmed apelin receptor protein expression in all of the samples analysed. In conclusion, the paracrine and endocrine role of apelin and its cognate receptor on male reproduction reported in humans and laboratory animals could also be hypothesized in dogs.
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Li J, Chen Z, Chen J, Yu Y. The beneficial roles of apelin-13/APJ system in cerebral ischemia: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:903151. [PMID: 36034795 PMCID: PMC9399844 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cerebral ischemia has increased in the past decades, and the high fatality and disability rates seriously affect human health. Apelin is a bioactive peptide and the ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Both are ubiquitously expressed in the peripheral and central nervous systems, and regulate various physiological and pathological process in the cardiovascular, nervous and endocrine systems. Apelin-13 is one of the subtypes of apelin, and the apelin-13/APJ signaling pathway protects against cerebral ischemia by promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting excitotoxicity and stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques. In this review, we have discussed the role of apelin-13 in the regulation of cerebral ischemia and the underlying mechanisms, along with the therapeutic potential of the apelin-13/APJ signaling pathway in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Chen
- Department of Tuina, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Chen, ; Yue Yu,
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Chen, ; Yue Yu,
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8
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Strutt B, Szlapinski S, Gnaneswaran T, Donegan S, Hill J, Bennett J, Hill DJ. Ontology of the apelinergic system in mouse pancreas during pregnancy and relationship with β-cell mass. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15475. [PMID: 34326390 PMCID: PMC8322410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94725-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The apelin receptor (Aplnr) and its ligands, Apelin and Apela, contribute to metabolic control. The insulin resistance associated with pregnancy is accommodated by an expansion of pancreatic β-cell mass (BCM) and increased insulin secretion, involving the proliferation of insulin-expressing, glucose transporter 2-low (Ins+Glut2LO) progenitor cells. We examined changes in the apelinergic system during normal mouse pregnancy and in pregnancies complicated by glucose intolerance with reduced BCM. Expression of Aplnr, Apelin and Apela was quantified in Ins+Glut2LO cells isolated from mouse pancreata and found to be significantly higher than in mature β-cells by DNA microarray and qPCR. Apelin was localized to most β-cells by immunohistochemistry although Aplnr was predominantly associated with Ins+Glut2LO cells. Aplnr-staining cells increased three- to four-fold during pregnancy being maximal at gestational days (GD) 9-12 but were significantly reduced in glucose intolerant mice. Apelin-13 increased β-cell proliferation in isolated mouse islets and INS1E cells, but not glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Glucose intolerant pregnant mice had significantly elevated serum Apelin levels at GD 9 associated with an increased presence of placental IL-6. Placental expression of the apelinergic axis remained unaltered, however. Results show that the apelinergic system is highly expressed in pancreatic β-cell progenitors and may contribute to β-cell proliferation in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Strutt
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, 268 Grosvenor St, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Sandra Szlapinski
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, 268 Grosvenor St, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Thineesha Gnaneswaran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Sarah Donegan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Jessica Hill
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jamie Bennett
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, 268 Grosvenor St, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
- Life Sciences Program, School of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4LD, Canada
| | - David J Hill
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, 268 Grosvenor St, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
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9
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Badavi M, Grootveld M, Jafari F, Dianat M, Faraji Shahrivar F. Supplement therapy with apelin for improving the TSH level and lipid disorders in PTU-induced hypothyroid rats. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:668-675. [PMID: 33660355 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a common metabolic disorder in the general population, which may arise in hypothyroidism. Apelin is an endogenous ligand that acts as an adiponectin, and is involved in energy storage and metabolism. This study evaluated the effects of apelin administration per se or in combination with T4 on the serum level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), body weight, and lipid profile, along with the serum level of apelin, and its mRNA expression in heart, in 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroid rats. Male Wistar rats were assigned to five different groups: control, H (hypothyroid), H+A, H+T, and H+A+T. All groups except the control one received PTU (0.05%) in the drinking water for 6 weeks. In addition to PTU, the H+A, H+T, and H+A+T groups received apelin (200 μg/kg/day, i.p.), l-thyroxin (T4) (20 μg/kg/day, via gavage tube), and apelin+T4 during the last 14 days of the trial, respectively. A combined application of T4 and apelin in the H+A+T group effectively diminished mean TSH level, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and atherogenic index in these animals when compared with these values for the H group. Coadministration of apelin with T4 may offer valuable therapeutic benefits, specifically lowering blood plasma TSH, lipid disorder, and atherosclerosis biomarkers in PTU-induced hypothyroid rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Badavi
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Martin Grootveld
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, The Gateway, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Fereshteh Jafari
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, The Gateway, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mahin Dianat
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Faraji Shahrivar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
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Wang X, Liu X, Song Z, Shen X, Lu S, Ling Y, Kuang H. Emerging roles of APLN and APELA in the physiology and pathology of the female reproductive system. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10245. [PMID: 33240613 PMCID: PMC7666558 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
APLN, APELA and their common receptor APLNR (composing the apelinergic axis) have been described in various species with extensive body distribution and multiple physiological functions. Recent studies have witnessed emerging intracellular cascades triggered by APLN and APELA which play crucial roles in female reproductive organs, including hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, ovary, oviduct, uterus and placenta. However, a comprehensive summary of APLN and APELA roles in physiology and pathology of female reproductive system has not been reported to date. In this review, we aim to concentrate on the general characteristics of APLN and APELA, as well as their specific physiological roles in female reproductive system. Meanwhile, the pathological contexts of apelinergic axis dysregulation in the obstetrics and gynecology are also summarized here, suggesting its potential prospect as a diagnostic biomarker and/or therapeutic intervention in the polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian cancer, preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Queen Mary, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Queen Mary, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zifan Song
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Siying Lu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangxi provincial People's Hospital affiliated Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haibin Kuang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Medical Experimental Teaching Center of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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11
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Baran M, Ozturk F, Canoz O, Onder GO, Yay A. The effects of apoptosis and apelin on lymph node metastasis in invasive breast carcinomas. Clin Exp Med 2020; 20:507-514. [PMID: 32449101 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-020-00635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the biological and clinical significance of apelin-36 in breast cancer and to compare apelin-36 expression and apoptotic index in both breast tissue and metastatic lymph nodes in patients with invasive breast carcinoma. In this study, both tumor tissue and metastatic lymph nodes of the same patient were collected from 60 cases of invasive breast carcinoma patients (IDC, ILC) and 20 cases of normal breast tissue with no tumor from mammoplasty were used as the control group. The expression of apelin was examined with immunohistochemically, and the apoptotic index was examined with TUNEL methods. According to Kruskal-Wallis analysis, there was a significant difference between IDC and the control group when the apelin expression was compared between the breast tissues (p = 0.001). There were significant differences between the three groups when comparing relationships with apoptotic index (p < 0.001). According to the Mann-Whitney U test, both tumor size and expression of apelin in lymph nodes in ILCs were significantly higher than IDCs. (p = 0.026, p = 0.024, respectively). According to correlation analysis, there was a good correlation between the expression of apelin in breast tissue and apelin expression in lymph nodes (p = 0.000). It is also found a similar relationship in terms of the apoptotic index (p = 0.000). In addition, the negative correlation was found between apelin expression and the apoptotic index in breast tissues (p = 0.003). Based on these results, apelin-36 can be used as a marker for determining the metastasis potential in invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munevver Baran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey.
| | - Fıgen Ozturk
- Department of Pathology, Medicine Faculty, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Canoz
- Department of Pathology, Medicine Faculty, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Gozde Ozge Onder
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medicine Faculty, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Arzu Yay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medicine Faculty, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey.,Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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12
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Jaiprasart P, Dogra S, Neelakantan D, Devapatla B, Woo S. Identification of signature genes associated with therapeutic resistance to anti-VEGF therapy. Oncotarget 2020; 11:99-114. [PMID: 32002127 PMCID: PMC6967771 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
VEGF-mediated tumor angiogenesis is a validated clinical target in many cancers, but modest efficacy and rapid development of resistance are major challenges of VEGF-targeted therapies. To establish a molecular signature of this resistance in ovarian cancer, we developed preclinical tumor models of adaptive resistance to chronic anti-VEGF treatment. We performed RNA-seq analysis and reverse-phase protein array to compare changes in gene and protein expressions in stroma and cancer cells from resistant and responsive tumors. We identified a unique set of stromal-specific genes that were strongly correlated with resistance phenotypes against two different anti-VEGF treatments, and selected the apelin/APJ signaling pathway for further in vitro validation. Using various functional assays, we showed that activation of apelin/APJ signaling reduces the efficacy of a VEGF inhibitor in endothelial cells. In patients with ovarian cancer treated with bevacizumab, increased expression of apelin was associated with significantly decreased disease-free survival. These findings link signature gene expressions with anti-VEGF response, and may thus provide novel targetable mechanisms of clinical resistance to anti-VEGF therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pharavee Jaiprasart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Samrita Dogra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Deepika Neelakantan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Bharat Devapatla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sukyung Woo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Gynecologic Cancers Research Program, Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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13
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Christodoulatos GS, Spyrou N, Kadillari J, Psallida S, Dalamaga M. The Role of Adipokines in Breast Cancer: Current Evidence and Perspectives. Curr Obes Rep 2019; 8:413-433. [PMID: 31637624 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-019-00364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current review shows evidence for the role of adipokines in breast cancer (BC) pathogenesis summarizing the mechanisms underlying the association between adipokines and breast malignancy. Special emphasis is given also on intriguing insights into the relationship between obesity and BC as well as on the role of novel adipokines in BC development. RECENT FINDINGS Recent evidence has underscored the role of the triad of obesity, insulin resistance, and adipokines in postmenopausal BC. Adipokines exert independent and joint effects on activation of major intracellular signal networks implicated in BC cell proliferation, growth, survival, invasion, and metastasis, particularly in the context of obesity, considered a systemic endocrine dysfunction characterized by chronic inflammation. To date, more than 10 adipokines have been linked to BC, and this catalog is continuously increasing. The majority of circulating adipokines, such as leptin, resistin, visfatin, apelin, lipocalin 2, osteopontin, and oncostatin M, is elevated in BC, while some adipokines such as adiponectin and irisin (adipo-myokine) are generally decreased in BC and considered protective against breast carcinogenesis. Further evidence from basic and translational research is necessary to delineate the ontological role of adipokines and their interplay in BC pathogenesis. More large-scale clinical and longitudinal studies are awaited to assess their clinical utility in BC prognosis and follow-up. Finally, novel more effective and safer adipokine-centered therapeutic strategies could pave the way for targeted oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Socrates Christodoulatos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Microbiology, KAT Hospital, 2 Nikis, Kifisia, 14561, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Spyrou
- 251 Airforce General Hospital, 3 Kanellopoulou, 11525, Athens, Greece
| | - Jona Kadillari
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiria Psallida
- Laboratory of Microbiology, KAT Hospital, 2 Nikis, Kifisia, 14561, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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14
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Gürlek B, Yılmaz A, Durakoğlugil ME, Karakaş S, Kazaz İM, Önal Ö, Şatıroğlu Ö. Evaluation of serum apelin-13 and apelin-36 concentrations in preeclamptic pregnancies. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019; 46:58-65. [PMID: 31595589 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Recent studies suggest that apelin can be a novel potential therapeutic mediator to improve the diagnosis, and treatment of preeclampsia. This study aimed to investigate the association of serum apelin-13 and apelin-36 with preeclampsia and to detect their relationship with preeclampsia-associated perinatal morbidity. METHODS Forty-four women with preeclampsia were included as the study group. Forty-four healthy pregnant women, at similar gestational week with similar gravidity, formed the control group. The clinical findings, biochemical indicators, maternal and perinatal outcomes, and the serum concentrations of apelin-36 and apelin-13 were evaluated. The levels of apelin-13 and apelin-36 were determined with commercial kits using a competition-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS The mean gestational age at sampling was 35.77 ± 2.515 weeks in the preeclamptic group, 36.45 ± 2.057 weeks in the control group (P = 0.270). Maternal serum apelin-36 and apelin-13 concentrations were significantly lower in patients with preeclampsia compared to the individuals in the control group (P = 0.030 and P = 0.005, respectively). The optimal cut-off points of apelin-36 and apelin-13 measurements for discriminating between preeclampsia and controls were evaluated by the receiver-operator curve analysis. The results showed that apelin-13 and apelin-36 are moderately successful markers to differentiate subjects with preeclampsia from healthy pregnant women. The concentrations of apelin-13 and apelin-36 in both groups were not statistically different in cases with and without adverse fetal/neonatal outcomes. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we investigated serum apelin-13 and apelin-36 concentrations in preeclamptic patients and demonstrated markedly lower maternal concentrations compared to healthy pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beril Gürlek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yılmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Murtaza E Durakoğlugil
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sibel Karakaş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - İlknur M Kazaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Özgür Önal
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ömer Şatıroğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
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15
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Cui L, Zhang JY, Ren ZP, Zhao HJ, Li GS. APLNR promotes the progression of osteosarcoma by stimulating cell proliferation and invasion. Anticancer Drugs 2019; 30:940-947. [PMID: 30920988 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone malignancies with a poor prognosis. In recent years, targeted therapy has shown great potential in the treatment of osteosarcoma, and more effective therapeutic targets for this disease need to be developed. APLNR is a seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor expressed widely in multiple tissues. As has been reported, APLNR is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Although APLNR plays a role in the development and progression of multiple tumors, the potential role of APLNR in osteosarcoma, a highly malignant tumor, remains unclear. Here, we reported that APLNR expression was correlated positively with clinical features including tumor size and stage of osteosarcoma. We found that APLNR knockdown inhibited the proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma cells in vitro. In addition, APLNR could promote the progression and metastasis of osteosarcoma in mice. Collectively, this study showed the potential link between APLNR and osteosarcoma and suggested APLNR as a novel therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cui
- Departments of Ophthalmology Surgery
| | | | | | - He-Jun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Gui-Shi Li
- Joint Orthopaedics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province
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16
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Vinel C, Schanstra JP, Boizard F, Péreira O, Auriau J, Dortignac A, Breuil B, Feuillet G, Nkuipou-Kenfack E, Zürbig P, Valet P, Bascands JL, Dray C, Denis C. Apelin affects the mouse aging urinary peptidome with minimal effects on kidney. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10647. [PMID: 31337837 PMCID: PMC6650410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney function is altered by age together with a declined filtration capacity of 5–10% per decade after 35 years. Renal aging shares many characteristics with chronic kidney disease. Plasma levels of the bioactive peptide apelin also decline with age and apelin has been shown to be protective in chronic kidney disease. Therefore we evaluated whether apelin could also improve aging-induced renal lesions and function in mice. Since urine is for the major part composed of proteins and peptides originating from the kidney, we first studied apelin-induced changes, in the aging urinary peptidome. Despite the recently published age-associated plasma decrease of apelin, expression of the peptide and its receptor was increased in the kidneys of 24 months old mice. Twenty-eight days treatment with apelin significantly modified the urinary peptidome of 3 and 24 months old mice towards a signature suggesting more advanced age at 3 months, and a younger age at 24 months. The latter was accompanied by a decreased staining of collagen (Sirius red staining) in 24 months old apelin-treated mice, without changing aging-induced glomerular hypertrophy. In addition, apelin was without effect on aging-induced renal autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation and reduced renal function. In conclusion, treatment of aged mice with apelin had a limited effect on kidney lesions although modifying the urinary peptidome towards a younger signature. This supports evidence of apelin inducing more general beneficial effects on other aging organs, muscles in particular, as recently shown for sarcopenia, markers of which end up via the glomerular filtration in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vinel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Joost P Schanstra
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Franck Boizard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Ophélie Péreira
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Johanna Auriau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Alizée Dortignac
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamin Breuil
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Guylène Feuillet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Valet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Loup Bascands
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U1188 - Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Cédric Dray
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France. .,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - Colette Denis
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France. .,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
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17
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Spyrou N, Avgerinos KI, Mantzoros CS, Dalamaga M. Classic and Novel Adipocytokines at the Intersection of Obesity and Cancer: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Obes Rep 2018; 7:260-275. [PMID: 30145771 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-018-0318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we investigate the role of classic and novel adipocytokines in cancer pathogenesis synopsizing the mechanisms underlying the association between adipocytokines and malignancy. Special emphasis is given on novel adipocytokines as new evidence is emerging regarding their entanglement in neoplastic development. RECENT FINDINGS Recent data have emphasized the role of the triad of overweight/obesity, insulin resistance and adipocytokines in cancer. In the setting of obesity, classic and novel adipocytokines present independent and joint effects on activation of major intracellular signaling pathways implicated in cell proliferation, expansion, survival, adhesion, invasion, and metastasis. Until now, more than 15 adipocytokines have been associated with cancer, and this list continues to expand. While the plethora of circulating pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, such as leptin, resistin, extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase, and chemerin are elevated in malignancies, some adipocytokines such as adiponectin and omentin-1 are generally decreased in cancers and are considered protective against carcinogenesis. Elucidating the intertwining of inflammation, cellular bioenergetics, and adiposopathy is significant for the development of preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies against cancer. Novel more effective and safe adipocytokine-centered therapeutic interventions may pave the way for targeted oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Spyrou
- 251 Airforce General Hospital, Kanellopoulou 3, 11525, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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18
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Lou Y, Luo M, Lu Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Miao L. Elabela, a newly discovered APJ ligand: Similarities and differences with Apelin. Peptides 2018; 109:23-32. [PMID: 30267732 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Apelin/APJ system is involved in a wide range of biological functions. For a long time, Apelin was thought to be the only ligand for APJ. Recently, a new peptide that acts via APJ and has similar functions, called Elabela, was identified. Elabela has beneficial effects on body fluid homeostasis, cardiovascular health, and renal insufficiency, as well as potential benefits for metabolism and diabetes. In this review, the properties and biological functions of this new peptide are discussed in comparison with those of Apelin. Important areas for future study are also discussed, with the consideration that research on Apelin could guide future research on Elabela.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, 40202, USA
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yan Lou
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yangwei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
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19
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Effects of exercise training on adipose tissue apelin expression in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Gene 2018; 662:97-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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20
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Zhang J, Zhou Y, Wu C, Wan Y, Fang C, Li J, Fang W, Yi R, Zhu G, Li J, Wang Y. Characterization of the Apelin/Elabela Receptors (APLNR) in Chickens, Turtles, and Zebrafish: Identification of a Novel Apelin-Specific Receptor in Teleosts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:756. [PMID: 30631305 PMCID: PMC6315173 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin receptor(s) (APLNR) are suggested to mediate the actions of apelin and Elabela (ELA) peptides in many physiological processes, including cardiovascular development and food intake in vertebrates. However, the functionality of APLNR has not been examined in most vertebrate groups. Here, we characterized two APLNRs APLNR1, APLNR2) in chickens and red-eared sliders, and three APLNRs in zebrafish (APLNR2a, APLNR2b, APLNR3a), which are homologous to human APLNR. Using luciferase-reporter assays or Western blot, we demonstrated that in chickens, APLNR1 (not APLNR2) expressed in HEK293 cells was potently activated by chicken apelin-36 and ELA-32 and coupled to Gi-cAMP and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways, indicating a crucial role of APLNR1 in mediating apelin/ELA actions; in red-eared sliders, APLNR2 (not APLNR1) was potently activated by apelin-36/ELA-32, suggesting that APLNR2 may mediate apelin/ELA actions; in zebrafish, both APLNR2a and APLNR2b were potently activated by apelin-36/ELA-32 and coupled to Gi-cAMP signaling pathway, as previously proposed, whereas the novel APLNR3a was specifically and potently activated by apelin. Similarly, an apelin-specific receptor (APLNR3b) sharing 57% sequence identity with zebrafish APLNR3a was identified in Nile tilapia. Collectively, our data facilitates the uncovering of the roles of APLNR signaling in different vertebrate groups and suggests a key functional switch between APLNR1 and APLNR2/3 in mediating the actions of ELA and apelin during vertebrate evolution.
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21
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Izgut-Uysal VN, Acar N, Birsen I, Ozcan F, Ozbey O, Soylu H, Avci S, Tepekoy F, Akkoyunlu G, Yucel G, Ustunel I. Apelin-APJ system is responsible for stress-induced increase in atrial natriuretic peptide expression in rat heart. Tissue Cell 2017; 51:91-96. [PMID: 29162289 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardiovascular system is a primary target of stress and stress is the most important etiologic factor in cardiovascular diseases. Stressors increase expressions of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and apelin in cardiac tissue. AIM The aim of the present study was to investigate whether stress-induced apelin has an effect on the expression of ANP in the right atrium of rat heart. METHODS The rats were divided into the control, stress and F13A+stress groups. In the stress and F13A+stress groups, the rats were subjected to water immersion and restraint stress (WIRS) for 6h. In the F13A+stress group, apelin receptor antagonist F13A, was injected intravenously immediately before application of WIRS. The plasma samples were obtained for the measurement of corticosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide. The atrial samples were used for immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. RESULTS F13A administration prevented the rise of plasma corticosterone and ANP levels induced by WIRS. While WIRS application increased the expressions of apelin, HIF-1α and ANP in atrial tissue, while F13A prevented the stress-induced increase in the expression of HIF-1α and ANP. CONCLUSION Stress-induced apelin induces ANP expression in atrial tissue and may play a role in cardiovascular homeostasis by increasing ANP expression under WIRS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuray Acar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Birsen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Filiz Ozcan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozbey
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Soylu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sema Avci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Filiz Tepekoy
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Akkoyunlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gultekin Yucel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ismail Ustunel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey.
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22
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23
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López-Yoldi M, Marcos-Gomez B, Romero-Lozano MA, Sáinz N, Prieto J, Martínez JA, Bustos M, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Cardiotrophin-1 Regulates Adipokine Production in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Adipose Tissue From Obese Mice. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2469-2477. [PMID: 27608275 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) belongs to the IL-6 family of cytokines. Previous studies of our group revealed that CT-1 is a key regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. The aim of the present study was to analyze the in vitro and in vivo effects of CT-1 on the production of several adipokines involved in body weight regulation, nutrient metabolism, and inflammation. For this purpose, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated with recombinant protein CT-1 (rCT-1) (1-40 ng/ml) for 1 and 18 h. Moreover, the acute effects of rCT-1 administration (0.2 mg/kg, i.v.) for 30 min and 3 h on adipokines levels were also evaluated in high-fat fed obese mice. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, rCT-1 treatment downregulated the expression and secretion of leptin, resistin, and visfatin. However, rCT-1 significantly stimulated apelin mRNA and secretion. rCT-1 (18 h) also promoted the activation by phosphorylation of AKT, ERK 1/2, and STAT3. Interestingly, pre-treatment with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 reversed the stimulatory effects of rCT-1 on apelin expression, suggesting that this pathway could be mediating the effects of rCT-1 on apelin production. In contrast, acute administration of rCT-1 (30 min and 3 h) to diet-induced obese mice downregulated leptin and resistin, without significantly modifying apelin or visfatin mRNA in adipose tissue. Furthermore, CT-1 null mice exhibited altered expression of adipokines in adipose tissue. The present study demonstrates that rCT-1 modulates the production of adipokines in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that the regulation of the secretory function of adipocytes could be involved in the metabolic actions of this cytokine. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2469-2477, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López-Yoldi
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Beatriz Marcos-Gomez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | | | - Neira Sáinz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Jesús Prieto
- Department of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,CIBERehd, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,CIBERobn, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Matilde Bustos
- Department of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Maria J Moreno-Aliaga
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,CIBERobn, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
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25
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Wang K, Ju Z, Yong Y, Chen T, Song J, Zhou J. The Effects of Electroacupuncture on the Apelin/APJ System in the Spinal Cord of Rats With Inflammatory Pain. Anesth Analg 2016; 123:1603-1610. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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26
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Plasma apelin level in patients with restless legs syndrome and its association with periodic leg movements. Sleep Breath 2016; 21:19-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s11325-016-1355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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27
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Cabia B, Andrade S, Carreira MC, Casanueva FF, Crujeiras AB. A role for novel adipose tissue-secreted factors in obesity-related carcinogenesis. Obes Rev 2016; 17:361-76. [PMID: 26914773 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, a pandemic disease, is caused by an excessive accumulation of fat that can have detrimental effects on health. Adipose tissue plays a very important endocrine role, secreting different molecules that affect body physiology. In obesity, this function is altered, leading to a dysfunctional production of several factors, known as adipocytokines. This process has been linked to various comorbidities associated with obesity, such as carcinogenesis. In fact, several classical adipocytokines with increased levels in obesity have been demonstrated to exert a pro-carcinogenic role, including leptin, TNF-α, IL-6 and resistin, whereas others like adiponectin, with decreased levels in obesity, might have an anti-carcinogenic function. In this expanding field, new proteomic techniques and approaches have allowed the identification of novel adipocytokines, a number of which exhibit an altered production in obesity and type 2 diabetes and thus are related to adiposity. Many of these novel adipocytokines have also been identified in various tumour types, such as that of the breast, liver or endometrium, thereby increasing the list of potential contributors to carcinogenesis. This review is focused on the regulation of these novel adipocytokines by obesity, including apelin, endotrophin, FABP4, lipocalin 2, omentin-1, visfatin, chemerin, ANGPTL2 or osteopontin, emphasizing its involvement in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Cabia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - M C Carreira
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - F F Casanueva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - A B Crujeiras
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
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Mayeur S, Wattez JS, Lukaszewski MA, Lecoutre S, Butruille L, Drougard A, Eberlé D, Bastide B, Laborie C, Storme L, Knauf C, Vieau D, Breton C, Lesage J. Apelin Controls Fetal and Neonatal Glucose Homeostasis and Is Altered by Maternal Undernutrition. Diabetes 2016; 65:554-60. [PMID: 26631739 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The adequate control of glucose homeostasis during both gestation and early postnatal life is crucial for the development of the fetoplacental unit and adaptive physiological responses at birth. Growing evidences indicate that apelin and its receptor, APJ, which are expressed across a wide range of tissues, exert important roles in glucose homeostasis in adults. However, little is known about the function of the apelinergic system during gestation. In this study, we evaluated the activity of this system in rats, the role of apelin in fetal and neonatal glucose homeostasis, and its modulation by maternal food restriction. We found that 1) the apelinergic system was expressed at the fetoplacental interface and in numerous fetal tissues, 2) ex vivo, the placenta released high amounts of apelin in late gestation, 3) intravenous apelin injection in mothers increased the transplacental transport of glucose, and 4) intraperitoneal apelin administration in neonates increased glucose uptake in lung and muscle. Maternal food restriction drastically reduced apelinemia in both mothers and growth-restricted fetuses and altered the expression of the apelinergic system at the fetoplacental interface. Together, our data demonstrate that apelin controls fetal and neonatal glucose homeostasis and is altered by fetal growth restriction induced by maternal undernutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Mayeur
- Unité Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Wattez
- Unité Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Marie-Amélie Lukaszewski
- Unité Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Simon Lecoutre
- Unité Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Laura Butruille
- Unité Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Anne Drougard
- INSERM U1048, Équipe no. 3, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Eberlé
- Unité Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Bruno Bastide
- Activité Physique, Muscle et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4488, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Christine Laborie
- Unité Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Laurent Storme
- Unité Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Claude Knauf
- INSERM U1048, Équipe no. 3, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Vieau
- Unité Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Christophe Breton
- Unité Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Jean Lesage
- Unité Environnement Périnatal et Santé, Equipe d'accueil 4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Sentinelli F, Capoccia D, Bertoccini L, Barchetta I, Incani M, Coccia F, Manconi E, Lenzi A, Cossu E, Leonetti F, Cavallo MG, Baroni MG. Search for Genetic Variant in the Apelin Gene by Resequencing and Association Study in European Subjects. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:98-102. [PMID: 26789934 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Apelin is a peptide produced and secreted by white adipose tissue. It is synthesized as preproapelin, a protein containing 77 aminoacids which is then cleaved to shorter active fragments. As an adipokine, apelin plays a role in the regulation of many biological functions, including body energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism, water balance, and immunity. We have recently demonstrated that subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have significantly higher serum apelin levels compared with controls, and that these levels associate with fasting glucose, basal disposition index, age, and diagnosis of T2D. The first aim of this study was to search for sequence variants in the apelin gene (APLN), located on chromosome Xq25-q26.1 that may associate with serum levels of apelin. The second aim was to analyze the possible association between diabetes and diabetes-related traits and APLN variants. METHODS We designed a two-step genetic association study. Step one consisted of an initial screen of 100 individuals selected from the extremes of the apelin distribution levels wherein we sequenced the APLN gene to identify common variants. In step two, the rs181301686 with a minor allele frequency >0.2 was genotyped in 917 individuals to explore its association with T2D and diabetes-related traits. RESULTS Five sequence variations were found across the APLN gene. To test for association with apelin levels, the rs181301686 and rs2281069 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in 256 subjects for whom serum apelin levels were available. No significant differences were observed in apelin levels between genotypes. Association analysis in 917 individuals did not show significant differences between APLN genotypes and diabetes and diabetes-related traits. CONCLUSIONS Resequencing of the apelin gene in subjects stratified by low or high apelin levels identified five APLN variants in an European population. No association was found between the most frequent variant, diabetes, and metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sentinelli
- 1 Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Danila Capoccia
- 1 Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bertoccini
- 1 Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Barchetta
- 2 Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Incani
- 3 Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari , Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Coccia
- 1 Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore Manconi
- 3 Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari , Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- 1 Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Efisio Cossu
- 3 Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari , Cagliari, Italy
| | - Frida Leonetti
- 1 Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gisella Cavallo
- 2 Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Giorgio Baroni
- 1 Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy .,3 Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari , Cagliari, Italy
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Circulating levels of apelin, glucagon-like peptide and visfatin in hypercholesterolemic–hyperhomocysteinemic guinea-pigs: their relation with NO metabolism. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 400:69-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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31
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Lin F, Wu H, Chen H, Xin Z, Yuan D, Wang T, Liu J, Gao Y, Zhang X, Zhou C, Wei R, Chen D, Yang S, Wang Y, Pu Y, Li Z. Molecular and physiological evidences for the role in appetite regulation of apelin and its receptor APJ in Ya-fish (Schizothorax prenanti). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 396:46-57. [PMID: 25150624 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is a recently discovered peptide produced by several tissues with diverse physiological actions mediated by its receptor APJ. In order to better understand the role of apelin in the regulation of appetite in fish, we cloned the cDNAs encoding apelin and APJ, and investigated their mRNA distributions in Ya-fish (Schizothorax prenanti) tissues. We also assessed the effects of different nutritional status on apelin and APJ mRNAs abundance. Apelin and APJ mRNAs were ubiquitously expressed in all tissues tested, relatively high expression levels were detected in the heart, spleen, hypothalamus and kidney. Short-term fasting significant increased APJ mRNA expression, but no significant difference between fasted fish and fed control on 5- and 7-day. Meanwhile, apelin mRNA expression consistently increased during the 7-day food deprivation. In order to further characterize apelin in fish, we performed intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of apelin-13 and examined food intake of the injected fish. Apelin injected at a dose of 100 ng/g body weight induced a significant increase in food intake compared to saline injected fish. Our results suggest that apelin acts as an orexigenic factor in Ya-fish. Their widespread distributions also suggest that apelin and APJ might play multiple physiological regulating roles in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Lin
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Ya'an, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Ya'an, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Ya'an, China
| | - Zhiming Xin
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Ya'an, China
| | - Dengyue Yuan
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Ya'an, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Ya'an, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Ya'an, China
| | - Yundi Gao
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Ya'an, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Ya'an, China
| | - Chaowei Zhou
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Ya'an, China
| | - Rongbin Wei
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Ya'an, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Ya'an, China
| | - Shiyong Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Ya'an, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Ya'an, China
| | - Yundan Pu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Ya'an, China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Ya'an, China.
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Köprücü S, Algül S. Comparatively examining of the apelin-13 levels in the Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843) and Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758). J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 99:210-4. [PMID: 25124358 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is a recently discovered peptide produced by several tissues in the various vertebrates and fish. Apelin has been suggested to have role in regulation of many diverse physiological functions including food intake, energy homoeostasis, immunity, osmoregulation and reproduction. In this study, apelin-13 levels in the blood serum of Cyprinus carpio and Capoetta trutta were determined. Then the results were compared between two species and sexes of each species. Apelin-13 level was analysed using the enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kit (Rat apelin-13 ELISA kit, catalog no: CSB-E14367r). Apelin-13 level in the blood serum of C. trutta was significantly higher than those of the C. carpio (p < 0.05). However, its levels were observed to be no significant difference (p > 0.05) that compared to between sexes of each species. There was a significant negative correlation (r = -0.829, p = 0.0001) between the apelin-13 level and body weight of C. carpio. However, no significant correlation (r = -0.022, p = 0.924) between the apelin-13 level and weight of C. trutta observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Köprücü
- Fisheries Faculty, Fırat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
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33
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Guo M, Chen F, Lin T, Peng Y, Li W, Zhu X, Lin L, Chen Y. Apelin-13 decreases lipid storage in hypertrophic adipocytes in vitro through the upregulation of AQP7 expression by the PI3K signaling pathway. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:1345-52. [PMID: 25080850 PMCID: PMC4136933 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipocyte-secreted apelin contributes to decreased adiposity and to improved insulin resistance, but the mechanisms remain unknown. The present study aimed to assess if apelin-13 is an upstream signal regulation factor of aquaporin 7 (AQP7), a water-glycerol transporter present in the plasma membrane of adipocytes that plays a key role in the regulation of lipid accumulation. MATERIAL/METHODS 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were induced to fully differentiated adipocytes; hypertrophic adipocytes were then induced using palmitate. The effects of apelin-13 on AQP7 expression in hypertrophic adipocytes were investigated before and after treatment with LY249002, a PI3K inhibitor. Accumulation of cytoplasmic triglycerides (TG) in hypertrophic adipocytes was also determined. RESULTS We found that 0.1 mM of palmitate induced a model of hypertrophic adipocytes with a lower AQP7 expression (0.26±0.07 vs. 0.46±0.04, P<0.05). Apelin-13 100 nM or 1000 nM upregulated AQP7 mRNA expression (100 nM: 0.54±0.06 and 1000 nM: 0.58±0.09 vs. control: 0.33±0.04, both P<0.05), and decreased accumulation of cytoplasmic triglycerides in hypertrophic adipocytes. Pretreatment using 10 µM LY294002 prevented the increase in AQP7 expression observed when using apelin-13 alone (apelin-13 + LY49002: 0.38±0.03 vs. apelin-13: 0.54±0.06, P<0.05), as well as the decreased cytoplasmic TG accumulation (apelin-13 + LY294002: 3.79±0.04 µM per µg/ml vs. apelin-13: 3.32±0.08 µM per µg/ml, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Apelin-13 decreases lipid storage in hypertrophic adipocytes in vitro, possibly through the upregulation of AQP7 expression by the PI3K signaling pathway. Treatment using apelin-13 and AQP modulators might represent novel treatment strategies against obesity and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Fu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Tanfa Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yanqiang Peng
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xuxin Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yongsong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Corresponding Author: Yongsong Chen, e-mail: and Ling Lin, e-mail:
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Izgüt-Uysal VN, Gemici B, Birsen I, Acar N, Üstünel I. The protective effect of apelin against water-immersion and restraint stress-induced gastric damage. J Physiol Sci 2014; 64:279-89. [PMID: 24798037 PMCID: PMC10717401 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-014-0317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the gastroprotective effect of apelin on water-immersion and restraint stress (WIRS)-induced gastric lesions. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, WIRS, F13A + WIRS and F13A. APJ receptor antagonist F13A was administered to rats to determine the influence of apelin on stress-induced gastric injury. WIRS administered for 6 h resulted in the development of gastric mucosal lesions accompanied by a significant increase in plasma corticosterone. WIRS increased the concentration of 4-hydroxynonenol (4-HNE) + malondialdehyde (MDA) and the expression of apelin and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in gastric mucosa. In addition, WIRS reduced the mucosal blood flow and gastric prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) concentration. Plasma corticosterone, which was increased due to stress, was significantly decreased in the F13A + WIRS group. Gastric lesions and the 4-HNE + MDA concentration were also higher in the F13A + WIRS compared to the WIRS group. We conclude that apelin has a gastroprotective effect against stress-induced lesions possibly by reducing lipid peroxidation in gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Nimet Izgüt-Uysal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey,
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Telegdy G, Jászberényi M. Transmitter mediation of the anxiolytic action of apelin-13 in male mice. Behav Brain Res 2014; 263:198-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Obara S, Akifusa S, Ariyoshi W, Okinaga T, Usui M, Nakashima K, Nishihara T. Pyroglutamated Apelin-13 Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Production of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Murine Macrophage J774.1 Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/mri.2014.32007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Synthetic retinoid Am80 up-regulates apelin expression by promoting interaction of RARα with KLF5 and Sp1 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem J 2013; 456:35-46. [PMID: 23992409 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that both retinoids and apelin possess potent cardiovascular properties and that retinoids can mediate the expression of many genes in the cardiovascular system. However, it is not clear whether and how retinoids regulate apelin expression in rat VSMCs (vascular smooth muscle cells). In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of apelin expression regulation by the synthetic retinoid Am80 in VSMCs. The results showed that Am80 markedly up-regulated apelin mRNA and protein levels in VSMCs. Furthermore, KLF5 (Krüppel-like factor 5) and Sp1 (stimulating protein-1) co-operatively mediated Am80-induced apelin expression through their direct binding to the TCE (transforming growth factor-β control element) on the apelin promoter. Interestingly, upon Am80 stimulation, the RARα (retinoic acid receptor α) was recruited to the apelin promoter by interacting with KLF5 and Sp1 prebound to the TCE site of the apelin promoter to form a transcriptional activation complex, subsequently leading to the up-regulation of apelin expression in VSMCs. An in vivo study indicated that Am80 increased apelin expression in balloon-injured arteries of rats, consistent with the results from the cultured VSMCs. Thus the results of the present study describe a novel mechanism of apelin regulation by Am80 and further expand the network of RARα in the retinoid pathway.
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Wattanachanya L, Lu WD, Kundu RK, Wang L, Abbott MJ, O'Carroll D, Quertermous T, Nissenson RA. Increased bone mass in mice lacking the adipokine apelin. Endocrinology 2013; 154:2069-80. [PMID: 23584856 PMCID: PMC3740482 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays an important role in skeletal homeostasis, and there is interest in identifying adipokines that influence bone mass. One such adipokine may be apelin, a ligand for the Gi-G protein-coupled receptor APJ, which has been reported to enhance mitogenesis and suppress apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells and primary human osteoblasts (OBs). However, it is unclear whether apelin plays a physiological role in regulating skeletal homeostasis in vivo. In this study, we compared the skeletal phenotypes of apelin knockout (APKO) and wild-type mice and investigated the direct effects of apelin on bone cells in vitro. The increased fractional cancellous bone volume at the distal femur was observed in APKO mice of both genders at 12 weeks of age and persisted until the age of 20. Cortical bone perimeter at the femoral midshaft was significantly increased in males and females at both time points. Dynamic histomorphometry revealed that APKO mice had increased rates of bone formation and mineral apposition, with evidences of accelerated OB proliferation and differentiation, without significant alteration in osteoclast activity. An in vitro study showed that apelin increased proliferation of primary mouse OBs as well as suppressed apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner with the maximum effect at 5nM. However, it had no effect on the formation of mineralized nodules. We did not observed significantly altered in osteoclast parameters in vitro. Taken together, the increased bone mass in mice lacking apelin suggested complex direct and paracrine/endocrine effects of apelin on bone, possibly via modulating insulin sensitivity. These results indicate that apelin functions as a physiologically significant antianabolic factor in bone in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Wattanachanya
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center (111 N), 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
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Eseberri I, Lasa A, Churruca I, Portillo MP. Resveratrol metabolites modify adipokine expression and secretion in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and mature adipocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63918. [PMID: 23717508 PMCID: PMC3661556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to the low bioavailability of resveratrol, determining whether its metabolites exert any beneficial effect is an interesting issue. METHODS 3T3-L1 maturing pre-adipocytes were treated during differentiation with 25 µM of resveratrol or with its metabolites and 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes were treated for 24 hours with 10 µM resveratrol or its metabolites. The gene expression of adiponectin, leptin, visfatin and apelin was assessed by Real Time RT-PCR and their concentration in the incubation medium was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS Resveratrol reduced mRNA levels of leptin and increased those of adiponectin. It induced the same changes in leptin secretion. Trans-resveratrol-3-O-glucuronide and trans-resveratrol-4'-O-glucuronide increased apelin and visfatin mRNA levels. Trans-resveratrol-3-O-sulfate reduced leptin mRNA levels and increased those of apelin and visfatin. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows for the first time that resveratrol metabolites have a regulatory effect on adipokine expression and secretion. Since resveratrol has been reported to reduce body-fat accumulation and to improve insulin sensitivity, and considering that these effects are mediated in part by changes in the analyzed adipokines, it may be proposed that resveratrol metabolites play a part in these beneficial effects of resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Eseberri
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arrate Lasa
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Churruca
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María P. Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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40
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Dray C, Sakar Y, Vinel C, Daviaud D, Masri B, Garrigues L, Wanecq E, Galvani S, Negre-Salvayre A, Barak LS, Monsarrat B, Burlet-Schiltz O, Valet P, Castan-Laurell I, Ducroc R. The intestinal glucose-apelin cycle controls carbohydrate absorption in mice. Gastroenterology 2013; 144:771-80. [PMID: 23313268 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Glucose is absorbed into intestine cells via the sodium glucose transporter 1 (SGLT-1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2); various peptides and hormones control this process. Apelin is a peptide that regulates glucose homeostasis and is produced by proximal digestive cells; we studied whether glucose modulates apelin secretion by enterocytes and the effects of apelin on intestinal glucose absorption. METHODS We characterized glucose-related luminal apelin secretion in vivo and ex vivo by mass spectroscopy and immunologic techniques. The effects of apelin on (14)C-labeled glucose transport were determined in jejunal loops and in mice following apelin gavage. We determined levels of GLUT2 and SGLT-1 proteins and phosphorylation of AMPKα2 by immunoblotting. The net effect of apelin on intestinal glucose transepithelial transport was determined in mice. RESULTS Glucose stimulated luminal secretion of the pyroglutaminated apelin-13 isoform ([Pyr-1]-apelin-13) in the small intestine of mice. Apelin increased specific glucose flux through the gastric epithelial barrier in jejunal loops and in vivo following oral glucose administration. Conversely, pharmacologic apelin blockade in the intestine reduced the increased glycemia that occurs following oral glucose administration. Apelin activity was associated with phosphorylation of AMPKα2 and a rapid increase of the GLUT2/SGLT-1 protein ratio in the brush border membrane. CONCLUSIONS Glucose amplifies its own transport from the intestinal lumen to the bloodstream by increasing luminal apelin secretion. In the lumen, active apelin regulates carbohydrate flux through enterocytes by promoting AMPKα2 phosphorylation and modifying the ratio of SGLT-1:GLUT2. The glucose-apelin cycle might be pharmacologically handled to regulate glucose absorption and assess better control of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Dray
- INSERM Unité 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France.
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41
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Kadoglou NPE, Fotiadis G, Kapelouzou A, Kostakis A, Liapis CD, Vrabas IS. The differential anti-inflammatory effects of exercise modalities and their association with early carotid atherosclerosis progression in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2013; 30:e41-50. [PMID: 23078531 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipokines, visfatin, apelin, vaspin and ghrelin have emerged as novel cardiovascular risk factors. We aimed to evaluate the effects of different exercise modalities on the aforementioned novel adipokines and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS One hundred patients with Type 2 diabetes were equivalently (n = 25) randomized into four groups: (1) a control group with patients encouraged to perform self-controlled exercise; (2) a supervised aerobic exercise group (exercise four times/week, 60 min/session, 60-75% of maximum heart rate); (3) a resistance training group (60-80% baseline maximum load achieved in one repetition); and (4) a combined aerobic exercise plus resistance training group, as in groups 2 and 3. All participants had HbA(1c) levels ≥ 48 mmol/mol (≥ 6.5%), without overt diabetic vascular complications. Blood samples, clinical characteristics, peak oxygen uptake and carotid intima-media thickness measurements were obtained at baseline and at the end of the study, after 6 months. RESULTS At baseline, there were non-significant differences between groups. All active groups significantly ameliorated glycaemic profile, insulin sensitivity and triglycerides levels compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Aerobic training further improved lipids, systolic blood pressure and exercise capacity compared with the resistance training and the control groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and visfatin decreased, while vaspin and apelin circulating levels increased within the aerobic exercise group and the aerobic exercise plus resistance training group, and compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). Within- and between-group comparisons showed negligible alterations in ghrelin serum levels and body weight after all exercise modalities. Finally, aerobic training attenuated the carotid intima-media thickness progression (0.017 ± 0.006 mm) compared with the control subjects (0.129 ± 0.042 mm, P < 0.001). That effect was independently associated with visfatin and amelioration of peak oxygen uptake. CONCLUSIONS In subjects with Type 2 diabetes, all exercise training modalities improved metabolic profile. Importantly, aerobic training predominantly ameliorated adipokines concentrations and carotid intima-media thickness progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P E Kadoglou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
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42
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Jiang H, Ye XP, Yang ZY, Zhan M, Wang HN, Cao HM, Xie HJ, Pan CM, Song HD, Zhao SX. Aldosterone directly affects apelin expression and secretion in adipocytes. J Mol Endocrinol 2013; 51:37-48. [PMID: 23549407 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
There is a high incidence of metabolic syndrome among patients with primary aldosteronism (PA), which has recently been associated with an unfavorable cardiometabolic profile. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been clarified in detail. Characterizing aldosterone (Ald) target genes in adipocytes will help us to elucidate the deleterious effects associated with excess Ald. Apelin, a novel adipokine, exerts beneficial effects on obesity-associated disorders and cardiovascular homeostasis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of high Ald levels on apelin expression and secretion and the underlying mechanisms involved in adipocytes. In vivo, a single-dose Ald injection acutely decreased apelin serum levels and adipose tissue apelin production, which demonstrates a clear inverse relationship between the levels of plasma Ald and plasma apelin. Experiments using 3T3-L1 adipocytes showed that Ald decreased apelin expression and secretion in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This effect was reversed by glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonists or GR (NR3C1) knockdown; furthermore, putative HREs were identified in the apelin promoter. Subsequently, we verified that both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids regulated apelin expression through GR activation, although no synergistic effect was observed. Additionally, detailed potential mechanisms involved a p38 MAPK signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings strengthen the fact that there is a direct interaction between Ald and apelin in adipocytes, which has important implications for hyperaldosteronism or PA-associated cardiometabolic syndrome and hoists apelin on the list of potent therapeutic targets for PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Molecular Medicine Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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43
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Telegdy G, Adamik A, Jászberényi M. Involvement of neurotransmitters in the action of apelin-13 on passive avoidance learning in mice. Peptides 2013; 39:171-4. [PMID: 23131543 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The widespread distribution of apelin-13 and apelin receptors in the brain suggests an important function of this neuropeptide in the brain that has not been explored extensively so far. In the present work, apelin-13 was found to facilitate the consolidation of passive avoidance learning in mice. In order to assess the possible involvement of transmitters in this action, the animals were pretreated with the following receptor blockers in doses which themselves did not influence the behavioral paradigm: phenoxybenzamine (a nonselective α-adrenergic receptor antagonist), propranolol (a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist), cyproheptadine (a nonselective 5-HT2 serotonergic receptor antagonist), atropine (a nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist), haloperidol (a D2, D3 and D4 dopamine receptor antagonist), bicuculline (a γ-aminobutyric acid subunit A (GABA-A) receptor antagonist), naloxone (a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist), and nitro-L-arginine (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor). Phenoxybenzamine, cyproheptadine, atropine, haloperidol, bicuculline and nitro-L-arginine prevented the action of apelin-13. Propranolol and naloxone were ineffective. The data suggest that apelin-13 elicits its action on the consolidation of passive avoidance learning via α-adrenergic, 5-HT2 serotonergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic, GABA-A-ergic and nitric oxide mediations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyula Telegdy
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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44
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Cekmez F, Pirgon O, Aydemir G, Dundar B, Çekmez Y, Karaoglu A, Fidanc K, Tunc T, Aydinoz S, Karademir F, Süleymanoglu S. Correlation between cord blood apelin and IGF-1 levels in retinopathy of prematurity. Biomark Med 2012; 6:821-5. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.12.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We hypothesized that circulating apelin concentrations in preterm babies might be linked with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), similar to IGF-1 levels. Patients & methods: A total of 97 infants born with a gestational age before 32 weeks in 2007–2009 were screened for ROP at the Gata Haydarpasa Hospital (Turkey). Fourteen of them with classified ROP stage 3–5 comprised our study group. Results: The non-ROP group had higher apelin and IGF-1 levels than ROP neonates at birth. After 4–6 weeks, postnatal ROP subjects had lower apelin and IGF-1 levels than non-ROP controls. At the end of the study, the change in apelin levels was positively correlated with the change in IGF-1 levels (r = 0.852; p = 0.01). Conclusion: We suggested that the pathogenesis of ROP, which is regarded as a neovascular retinal disorder, includes variations in the levels of apelin and IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferhat Cekmez
- GATA Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Pirgon
- GATA Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Aydemir
- S Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Bumin Dundar
- GATA Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Abdulbaki Karaoglu
- GATA Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kürsat Fidanc
- GATA Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Turan Tunc
- GATA Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Secil Aydinoz
- GATA Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferhan Karademir
- GATA Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selami Süleymanoglu
- GATA Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Ankara, Turkey
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Kadoglou NPE, Vrabas IS, Kapelouzou A, Lampropoulos S, Sailer N, Kostakis A, Liapis CD, Angelopoulou N. The impact of aerobic exercise training on novel adipokines, apelin and ghrelin, in patients with type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:CR290-5. [PMID: 22534708 PMCID: PMC3560628 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating data support the atheroprotective role of the novel adipokines, apelin and ghrelin. The aim of the present randomized study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training on these adipokines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIAL/METHODS Fifty-four overweight (BMI >25 kg/m²) patients with T2DM, but without vascular complications, were randomized to either the aerobic exercise training group (EG, N=27), 4 times/week, 45-60 min/session; or to the control group (CG, N=27), orally instructed to increase physical activity. Clinical glycemic and lipid parameters, exercise capacity (VO₂peak), insulin, HOMA-IR, and serum levels of apelin and ghrelin were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. RESULTS Aerobic exercise significantly improved lipid and glycemic profile and insulin sensitivity compared to CG (p<0.05). Furthermore, between-groups comparison showed a considerable exercise-induced upregulation in apelin (p=0.007) and VO₂peak (p<0.001) levels. Negligible changes in body-weight, waist-hip ratio and ghrelin concentrations were detected within and between groups after the completion of the study (p>0.05). However, subgroup analysis revealed a considerable increment in ghrelin levels only in the exercise-treated women compared to their control counterparts (p=0.038). LDL and HOMA-IR reduction were found to be independent predictors of apelin increment in multiple regression analysis (R²=0.391, p=0.011). CONCLUSIONS In patients with T2DM, systemic, long-term, aerobic exercise exerts positive effects on apelin and ghrelin (only in women), even in the absence of significant weight loss, suggesting its pleiotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos P E Kadoglou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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46
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Bortoff KD, Qiu C, Runyon S, Williams MA, Maitra R. Decreased maternal plasma apelin concentrations in preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2012; 31:398-404. [PMID: 22676366 DOI: 10.3109/10641955.2012.690054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder that complicates 3-7% of pregnancies. The development of preeclampsia has not been completely elucidated and current therapies are not broadly efficacious. The apelinergic system appears to be involved in hypertensive disorders and experimental studies indicate a role of this system in preeclampsia. Thus, an epidemiological evaluation of apelin protein concentration in plasma was conducted in case-control study of pregnant women. METHODS Data and maternal plasma samples were collected from pregnant women with confirmed preeclampsia (n = 76) or normotensive controls (n = 79). Concentrations of apelin peptides were blindly measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were subjected to statistical analyses. RESULTS Plasma apelin concentrations, measured at delivery, were lower in preeclampsia cases compared with controls (mean ± standard deviation: 0.66 ± 0.29 vs. 0.78 ± 0.31 ng/mL, p = 0.02). After controlling for confounding by maternal age, smoking status, and pre-pregnancy body mass index, odds of preeclampsia were 48% lower for women with high versus low plasma apelin (≥0.73 vs. <0.73 ng/mL) concentrations. CONCLUSION Reduced circulating apelin peptides may be associated with preeclampsia. The apelinergic system should be further investigated to elucidate its role in preclampsia and other hypertensive maternal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Bortoff
- Discovery and Analytical Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA
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47
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Nagaoka T, Karasawa H, Castro NP, Rangel MC, Salomon DS, Bianco C. An evolving web of signaling networks regulated by Cripto-1. Growth Factors 2012; 30:13-21. [PMID: 22149969 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2011.641962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, our understanding of the embryonic gene Cripto-1 has considerably advanced through biochemical, cell biology, and animal studies. Cripto-1 performs key functions during embryonic development, while it dramatically disappears in adult tissues, except possibly in adult tissue stem cells. Cripto-1 is re-expressed in human tumors promoting cell proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and tumor angiogenesis. This diversity of biological effects is dependent upon interaction of Cripto-1 with an extensive array of signaling molecules. In fact, Cripto-1 modulates signaling of transforming growth factor-β family members, including Nodal, GDF-1/-3, Activin, and TGF-β1, activates c-src/MAPK/Protein Kinase B (AKT) pathway in a Glypican-1 and GRP78-dependent manner, and cross-talks with erbB4, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Caveolin-1, and Apelin/putative receptor protein related to Angiotensin-type I receptor (APJ) pathways. This article provides an updated survey of the various signaling pathways modulated by Cripto-1 with a focus on mechanistic insights in our understanding of the biological function of Cripto-1 in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Nagaoka
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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48
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Attané C, Foussal C, Le Gonidec S, Benani A, Daviaud D, Wanecq E, Guzmán-Ruiz R, Dray C, Bezaire V, Rancoule C, Kuba K, Ruiz-Gayo M, Levade T, Penninger J, Burcelin R, Pénicaud L, Valet P, Castan-Laurell I. Apelin treatment increases complete Fatty Acid oxidation, mitochondrial oxidative capacity, and biogenesis in muscle of insulin-resistant mice. Diabetes 2012; 61:310-20. [PMID: 22210322 PMCID: PMC3266414 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Both acute and chronic apelin treatment have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in mice. However, the effects of apelin on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) during obesity-related insulin resistance have not yet been addressed. Thus, the aim of the current study was to determine the impact of chronic treatment on lipid use, especially in skeletal muscles. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese and insulin-resistant mice treated by an apelin injection (0.1 μmol/kg/day i.p.) during 4 weeks had decreased fat mass, glycemia, and plasma levels of triglycerides and were protected from hyperinsulinemia compared with HFD PBS-treated mice. Indirect calorimetry experiments showed that apelin-treated mice had a better use of lipids. The complete FAO, the oxidative capacity, and mitochondrial biogenesis were increased in soleus of apelin-treated mice. The action of apelin was AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) dependent since all the effects studied were abrogated in HFD apelin-treated mice with muscle-specific inactive AMPK. Finally, the apelin-stimulated improvement of oxidative capacity led to decreased levels of acylcarnitines and enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in soleus. Thus, by promoting complete lipid use in muscle of insulin-resistant mice through mitochondrial biogenesis and tighter matching between FAO and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, apelin treatment could contribute to insulin sensitivity improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Attané
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Foussal
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Le Gonidec
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Benani
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6265–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 13241–Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Danièle Daviaud
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France
| | - Estelle Wanecq
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France
| | - Rocío Guzmán-Ruiz
- Departemento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Alimentación, School of Pharmacy, University CEU–San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cédric Dray
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France
| | - Veronic Bezaire
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France
| | - Chloé Rancoule
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France
| | - Keiji Kuba
- Department of Biological Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Mariano Ruiz-Gayo
- Departemento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Alimentación, School of Pharmacy, University CEU–San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thierry Levade
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France
| | | | - Rémy Burcelin
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France
| | - Luc Pénicaud
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6265–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 13241–Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Valet
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Castan-Laurell
- INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France
- Corresponding author: Isabelle Castan-Laurell,
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Heo K, Kim YH, Sung HJ, Li HY, Yoo CW, Kim JY, Park JY, Lee UL, Nam BH, Kim EO, Kim SY, Lee SH, Park JB, Choi SW. Hypoxia-induced up-regulation of apelin is associated with a poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Oral Oncol 2012; 48:500-6. [PMID: 22285858 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, apelin has been shown to be a novel angiogenic factor in various cancers including lung, breast and brain cancer. However, there is limited information regarding the expression and role of apelin in oral cavity cancer. In this study, we determined that apelin expression was localized in the cytoplasm of oral squamous cell carcinoma at various intensities. Strong apelin expression significantly correlated with tumor recurrence and disease-free survival. Using a multivariate analysis, we demonstrated that apelin was an independent prognostic factor for on disease-free survival, age, lymph node metastasis and CA9 expression. Moreover, apelin expression was up-regulated under hypoxic conditions, and exogenous apelin enhanced the proliferation and migration of oral cancer cells. Based on these results, we propose that the presence of hypoxia-induced apelin is a new prognostic factor and potential therapeutic target for oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyun Heo
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
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Paskaradevan S, Scott IC. The Aplnr GPCR regulates myocardial progenitor development via a novel cell-non-autonomous, Gα(i/o) protein-independent pathway. Biol Open 2012; 1:275-85. [PMID: 23213418 PMCID: PMC3507289 DOI: 10.1242/bio.2012380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial progenitor development involves the migration of cells to the anterior lateral plate mesoderm (ALPM) where they are exposed to the necessary signals for heart development to proceed. Whether the arrival of cells to this location is sufficient, or whether earlier signaling events are required, for progenitor development is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that in the absence of Aplnr signaling, cells fail to migrate to the heart-forming region of the ALPM. Our work uncovers a previously uncharacterized cell-non-autonomous function for Aplnr signaling in cardiac development. Furthermore, we show that both the single known Aplnr ligand, Apelin, and the canonical Gαi/o proteins that signal downstream of Aplnr are dispensable for Aplnr function in the context of myocardial progenitor development. This novel Aplnr signal can be substituted for by activation of Gata5/Smarcd3 in myocardial progenitors, suggesting a novel mechanism for Aplnr signaling in the establishment of a niche required for the proper migration/development of myocardial progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivani Paskaradevan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue , Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 , Canada ; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 , Canada
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