1
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Varo R, Crowley VM, Mucasse H, Sitoe A, Bramugy J, Serghides L, Weckman AM, Erice C, Bila R, Vitorino P, Mucasse C, Valente M, Ajanovic S, Balanza N, Zhong K, Derpsch Y, Gladstone M, Mayor A, Bassat Q, Kain KC. Adjunctive rosiglitazone treatment for severe pediatric malaria: A randomized placebo-controlled trial in Mozambican children. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 139:34-40. [PMID: 38013152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that adjunctive rosiglitazone treatment would reduce levels of circulating angiopoietin-2 (Angpt-2) and improve outcomes of Mozambican children with severe malaria. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of rosiglitazone vs placebo as adjunctive treatment to artesunate in children with severe malaria was conducted. A 0.045 mg/kg/dose of rosiglitazone or matching placebo were administered, in addition to standard of malaria care, twice a day for 4 days. The primary endpoint was the rate of decline of Angpt-2 over 96 hours. Secondary outcomes included the longitudinal dynamics of angiopoietin-1 (Angpt-1) and the Angpt-2/Angpt-1 ratio over 96 hours, parasite clearance kinetics, clinical outcomes, and safety metrics. RESULTS Overall, 180 children were enrolled; 91 were assigned to rosiglitazone and 89 to placebo. Children who received rosiglitazone had a steeper rate of decline of Angpt-2 over the first 96 hours of hospitalization compared to children who received placebo; however, the trend was not significant (P = 0.28). A similar non-significant trend was observed for Angpt-1 (P = 0.65) and the Angpt-2/Angpt-1 ratio (P = 0.34). All other secondary and safety outcomes were similar between groups (P >0.05). CONCLUSION Adjunctive rosiglitazone at this dosage was safe and well tolerated but did not significantly affect the longitudinal kinetics of circulating Angpt-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosauro Varo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.
| | - Valerie M Crowley
- S. A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Humberto Mucasse
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Antonio Sitoe
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Justina Bramugy
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Lena Serghides
- Toronto General Research Institute (TGRI), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrea M Weckman
- S. A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Clara Erice
- S. A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rubao Bila
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Pio Vitorino
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Campos Mucasse
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Marta Valente
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Sara Ajanovic
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Núria Balanza
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kathleen Zhong
- S. A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yiovanna Derpsch
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Gladstone
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alfredo Mayor
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique; Department of Physiologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique; Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Quique Bassat
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique; Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain; Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Kevin C Kain
- S. A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute (TGRI), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Tropical Diseases Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, UHN-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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2
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Alhowail A, Alsikhan R, Alsaud M, Aldubayan M, Rabbani SI. Protective Effects of Pioglitazone on Cognitive Impairment and the Underlying Mechanisms: A Review of Literature. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2919-2931. [PMID: 36068789 PMCID: PMC9441149 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s367229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Ahmad Alhowail, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tel +9665672025858, Email
| | - Rawan Alsikhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Al Qassim, 51911, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - May Alsaud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Aldubayan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Imam Rabbani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, 52452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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3
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Defeudis G, Mazzilli R, Tenuta M, Rossini G, Zamponi V, Olana S, Faggiano A, Pozzilli P, Isidori AM, Gianfrilli D. Erectile dysfunction and diabetes: A melting pot of circumstances and treatments. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3494. [PMID: 34514697 PMCID: PMC9286480 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease characterised by elevated levels of blood glucose, is among the most common chronic diseases. The incidence and prevalence of DM have been increasing over the years. The complications of DM represent a serious health problem. The long-term complications include macroangiopathy, microangiopathy and neuropathy as well as sexual dysfunction (SD) in both men and women. Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been considered the most important SD in men with DM. The prevalence of ED is approximately 3.5-fold higher in men with DM than in those without DM. Common risk factors for the development of DM and its complications include sedentary lifestyle, overweight/obesity and increased caloric consumption. Although lifestyle changes may help improve sexual function, specific treatments are often needed. This study aims to review the definition and prevalence of ED in DM, the impact of DM complications and DM treatment on ED and, finally, the current and emerging therapies for ED in patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Defeudis
- Unit of Endocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Rossella Mazzilli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Marta Tenuta
- Department of Experimental MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Giovanni Rossini
- Unit of Endocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Virginia Zamponi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Soraya Olana
- Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Unit of Endocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Andrea M. Isidori
- Department of Experimental MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
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4
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Possible actions of cannabidiol in obsessive-compulsive disorder by targeting the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:230-248. [PMID: 33837269 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent and distinctive obsessions and/or compulsions. The etiologies remain unclear. Recent findings have shown that oxidative stress, inflammation, and glutamatergic pathways play key roles in the causes of OCD. However, first-line therapies include cognitive-behavioral therapy but only 40% of the patients respond to this first-line therapy. Research for new treatment is mandatory. This review focuses on the potential effects of cannabidiol (CBD), as a potential therapeutic strategy, on OCD and some of the presumed mechanisms by which CBD provides its benefit properties. CBD medication downregulates GSK-3β, the main inhibitor of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. The activation of the WNT/β-catenin could be associated with the control of oxidative stress, inflammation, and glutamatergic pathway and circadian rhythms dysregulation in OCD. Future prospective clinical trials could focus on CBD and its different and multiple interactions in OCD.
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5
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Szilágyi J, Sághy L. Atrial Remodeling in Atrial Fibrillation. Comorbidities and Markers of Disease Progression Predict Catheter Ablation Outcome. Curr Cardiol Rev 2021; 17:217-229. [PMID: 32693769 PMCID: PMC8226201 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x16666200721153620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is the most common supraventricular arrhythmia affecting an increasing proportion of the population in which mainstream therapy, i.e. catheter ablation, provides freedom from arrhythmia in only a limited number of patients. Understanding the mechanism is key in order to find more effective therapies and to improve patient selection. In this review, the structural and electrophysiological changes of the atrial musculature that constitute atrial remodeling in atrial fibrillaton and how risk factors and markers of disease progression can predict catheter ablation outcome will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Szilágyi
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Sághy
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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6
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Vallée A, Vallée JN, Le Blanche A, Lecarpentier Y. PPARγ Agonists: Emergent Therapy in Endometriosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060543. [PMID: 34204039 PMCID: PMC8229142 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is one of the major gynecological diseases of reproductive-age women. This disease is characterized by the presence of glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Several studies have shown the major role of inflammation, angiogenesis, adhesion and invasion, and apoptosis in endometriotic lesions. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying endometriotic mechanisms still remain unclear and therapies are not currently efficient. The introduction of new agents can be effective by improving the condition of patients. PPARγ ligands can directly modulate these pathways in endometriosis. However, data in humans remain low. Thus, the purpose of this review is to summarize the potential actions of PPARγ agonists in endometriosis by acting on inflammation, angiogenesis, invasion, adhesion, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (DRCI), Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80000 Amiens, France;
- DACTIM-Mis, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Alain Le Blanche
- Laboratoire CeRSM (EA-2931), UPL, Université Paris Nanterre, F92000 Nanterre, France;
- Hôpital René-Dubos de Pontoise and Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin, Simone Veil UFR des Sciences de la Santé, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien (GHEF), 77100 Meaux, France;
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7
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Tripolino C, Ciaffi J, Pucino V, Ruscitti P, van Leeuwen N, Borghi C, Giacomelli R, Meliconi R, Ursini F. Insulin Signaling in Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:672519. [PMID: 33995414 PMCID: PMC8119635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis is burdened by an increased risk of metabolic disorders. Cytokines and other mediators in inflammatory diseases lead to insulin resistance, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Accumulating evidence in the field of immunometabolism suggests that the cause-effect relationship between arthritis and metabolic abnormalities might be bidirectional. Indeed, the immune response can be modulated by various factors such as environmental agents, bacterial products and hormones. Insulin is produced by pancreatic cells and regulates glucose, fat metabolism and cell growth. The action of insulin is mediated through the insulin receptor (IR), localized on the cellular membrane of hepatocytes, myocytes and adipocytes but also on the surface of T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. In murine models, the absence of IR in T-cells coincided with reduced cytokine production, proliferation, and migration. In macrophages, defective insulin signaling resulted in enhanced glycolysis affecting the responses to pathogens. In this review, we focalize on the bidirectional cause-effect relationship between impaired insulin signaling and arthritis analyzing how insulin signaling may be involved in the aberrant immune response implicated in arthritis and how inflammatory mediators affect insulin signaling. Finally, the effect of glucose-lowering agents on arthritis was summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Tripolino
- Geriatric Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Functional Area, "San Giovanni di Dio" Hospital, Crotone, Italy
| | - Jacopo Ciaffi
- Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Pucino
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham and Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Piero Ruscitti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Nina van Leeuwen
- Rheumatology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Unità Operativa Medicina Interna Cardiovascolare-IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rome "Campus Biomedico", Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Meliconi
- Geriatric Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Functional Area, "San Giovanni di Dio" Hospital, Crotone, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Ursini
- Geriatric Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Functional Area, "San Giovanni di Dio" Hospital, Crotone, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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8
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Lithium and Atypical Antipsychotics: The Possible WNT/β Pathway Target in Glaucoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050473. [PMID: 33925885 PMCID: PMC8146329 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that represents the major cause of irreversible blindness. Recent findings have shown which oxidative stress, inflammation, and glutamatergic pathway have main roles in the causes of glaucoma. Lithium is the major commonly used drug for the therapy of chronic mental illness. Lithium therapeutic mechanisms remain complex, including several pathways and gene expression, such as neurotransmitter and receptors, circadian modulation, ion transport, and signal transduction processes. Recent studies have shown that the benefits of lithium extend beyond just the therapy of mood. Neuroprotection against excitotoxicity or brain damages are other actions of lithium. Moreover, recent findings have investigated the role of lithium in glaucoma. The combination of lithium and atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) has been the main common choice for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Due to the possible side effects gradually introduced in therapy. Currently, no studies have focused on the possible actions of AAPs in glaucoma. Recent studies have shown a down regulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway in glaucoma, associated with the overactivation of the GSK-3β signaling. The WNT/β-catenin pathway is mainly associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and glutamatergic pathway. Lithium is correlated with upregulation the WNT/β-catenin pathway and downregulation of the GSK-3β activity. Thus, this review focuses on the possible actions of lithium and AAPs, as possible therapeutic strategies, on glaucoma and some of the presumed mechanisms by which these drugs provide their possible benefit properties through the WNT/β-catenin pathway.
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9
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Vallée A, Vallée JN, Lecarpentier Y. Potential role of cannabidiol in Parkinson's disease by targeting the WNT/β-catenin pathway, oxidative stress and inflammation. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:10796-10813. [PMID: 33848261 PMCID: PMC8064164 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a major neurodegenerative disease (ND), presenting a progressive degeneration of the nervous system characterized by a loss of dopamine in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Recent findings have shown that oxidative stress and inflammation play key roles in the development of PD. However, therapies remain uncertain and research for new treatment is of the utmost importance. This review focuses on the potential effects of using cannabidiol (CBD) as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PD and on some of the presumed mechanisms by which CBD provides its beneficial properties. CBD medication downregulates GSK-3β, the main inhibitor of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Activation of the WNT/β-catenin could be associated with the control of oxidative stress and inflammation. Future prospective clinical trials should focus on CBD and its multiple interactions in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (DRCI), Foch Hospital, Suresnes 92150, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens 80054, France
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers 86000, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien (GHEF), Meaux 77100, France
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10
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Vallée JN. Interplay of Opposing Effects of the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway and PPARγ and Implications for SARS-CoV2 Treatment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666693. [PMID: 33927728 PMCID: PMC8076593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), has quickly reached pandemic proportions. Cytokine profiles observed in COVID-19 patients have revealed increased levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α and increased NF-κB pathway activity. Recent evidence has shown that the upregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway is associated with inflammation, resulting in a cytokine storm in ARDS (acute respire distress syndrome) and especially in COVID-19 patients. Several studies have shown that the WNT/β-catenin pathway interacts with PPARγ in an opposing interplay in numerous diseases. Furthermore, recent studies have highlighted the interesting role of PPARγ agonists as modulators of inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs through the targeting of the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV2 infection presents a decrease in the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) associated with the upregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. SARS-Cov2 may invade human organs besides the lungs through the expression of ACE2. Evidence has highlighted the fact that PPARγ agonists can increase ACE2 expression, suggesting a possible role for PPARγ agonists in the treatment of COVID-19. This review therefore focuses on the opposing interplay between the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ in SARS-CoV2 infection and the potential beneficial role of PPARγ agonists in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), Meaux, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- University Hospital Center (CHU) Amiens Picardie, University of Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France.,Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7348, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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11
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Vallée A, Vallée JN, Lecarpentier Y. Lithium: a potential therapeutic strategy in obsessive-compulsive disorder by targeting the canonical WNT/β pathway. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:204. [PMID: 33828076 PMCID: PMC8027628 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized b-y recurrent and distinctive obsessions and/or compulsions. The etiologies remain unclear. Recent findings have shown that oxidative stress, inflammation, and the glutamatergic pathway play key roles in the causes of OCD. However, first-line therapies include cognitive-behavioral therapy but only 40% of the patients respond to this first-line therapy. Research for a new treatment is mandatory. This review focuses on the potential effects of lithium, as a potential therapeutic strategy, on OCD and some of the presumed mechanisms by which lithium provides its benefit properties. Lithium medication downregulates GSK-3β, the main inhibitor of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. The activation of the WNT/β-catenin could be associated with the control of oxidative stress, inflammation, and glutamatergic pathway. Future prospective clinical trials could focus on lithium and its different and multiple interactions in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (DRCI), Foch Hospital, 92150, Suresnes, France.
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), 77100, Meaux, France
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12
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Vallée JN. Cannabidiol and the Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073798. [PMID: 33917605 PMCID: PMC8038773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which constitutes the main frequent cause of irreversible blindness. Recent findings have shown that oxidative stress, inflammation and glutamatergic pathway play key roles in the causes of glaucoma. Recent studies have shown a down regulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway in glaucoma, associated with overactivation of the GSK-3β signaling. WNT/β-catenin pathway is mainly associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and glutamatergic pathway. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotomimetic phytocannabinoid derived from Cannabis sativa plant which possesses many therapeutic properties across a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. Since few years, CBD presents an increased interest as a possible drug in anxiolytic disorders. CBD administration is associated with increase of the WNT/β-catenin pathway and decrease of the GSK-3β activity. CBD has a lower affinity for CB1 but can act through other signaling in glaucoma, including the WNT/β-catenin pathway. CBD downregulates GSK3-β activity, an inhibitor of WNT/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, CBD was reported to suppress pro-inflammatory signaling and neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and glutamatergic pathway. Thus, this review focuses on the potential effects of cannabidiol, as a potential therapeutic strategy, on glaucoma and some of the presumed mechanisms by which this phytocannabinoid provides its possible benefit properties through the WNT/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (DRCI), Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien (GHEF), 6-8 rue Saint-Fiacre, 77100 Meaux, France;
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80054 Amiens, France;
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
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13
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Bosy-Westphal A, Müller MJ. Diagnosis of obesity based on body composition-associated health risks-Time for a change in paradigm. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 2:e13190. [PMID: 33480098 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traditional diagnosis and understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity are based on excessive fat storage due to a chronically positive energy balance characterized by body mass index (BMI). Quantitative and qualitative analysis of lean and adipose tissue compartments by body composition analysis reveals that characterization of obesity as "overfat" does not facilitate a comprehensive understanding of obesity-associated health risk. Instead of being related to fat mass, body composition characteristics underlying BMI-associated prognosis may depend (i) on accelerated growth by a gain in lean mass or fat-free mass (FFM) in children with early BMI rebound or adolescents with early puberty; (ii) on a low muscle mass in aging, associated chronic disease, or severe illness; and (iii) on impaired adipose tissue expandability with respect to cardiometabolic risk. It is therefore time to call the adipocentric paradigm of obesity into question and to avoid the use of BMI and body fat percentage. By contrast, obesity should be seen in face of a limited FFM/muscle mass together with a limited capacity of fat storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Manfred J Müller
- Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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14
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Vallée A, Vallée JN, Lecarpentier Y. Parkinson's Disease: Potential Actions of Lithium by Targeting the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Glutamatergic Pathway. Cells 2021; 10:230. [PMID: 33503974 PMCID: PMC7911116 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the major neurodegenerative diseases (ND) which presents a progressive neurodegeneration characterized by loss of dopamine in the substantia nigra pars compacta. It is well known that oxidative stress, inflammation and glutamatergic pathway play key roles in the development of PD. However, therapies remain uncertain and research for new treatment is mandatory. This review focuses on the potential effects of lithium, as a potential therapeutic strategy, on PD and some of the presumed mechanisms by which lithium provides its benefit properties. Lithium medication downregulates GSK-3beta, the main inhibitor of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. The stimulation of the WNT/β-catenin could be associated with the control of oxidative stress, inflammation, and glutamatergic pathway. Future prospective clinical trials could focus on lithium and its different and multiple interactions in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (DRCI), Hôpital Foch, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80054 Amiens, France;
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien (GHEF), 6-8 rue Saint-Fiacre, 77100 Meaux, France;
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15
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Effects of Selective Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Agonists on Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020088. [PMID: 33504094 PMCID: PMC7911852 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of each subtype-selective peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) agonist (α, β/δ, γ) on corneal epithelial wound healing were investigated using a rat corneal alkali burn model. After the alkali burn, each PPAR agonist or vehicle ophthalmic solution was instilled topically onto the rat's cornea. Corneal epithelial healing processes were evaluated by fluorescein staining. Pathological analyses and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions were performed to evaluate Ki67 (proliferative maker) expression and inflammatory findings. The area of the corneal epithelial defect at 12 h and 24 h after the alkali burn was significantly smaller in each PPAR group than in the vehicle group. Ki67 mRNA expression was increased in the PPARβ/δ group, whereas mRNA expressions of inflammatory cytokines were suppressed in all of the PPAR agonist groups. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was the most suppressed in the PPARγ group. The accelerated corneal epithelial healing effects of each PPAR ligand were thought to be related to the promotion of proliferative capacity and inhibition of inflammation.
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16
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the pathogenesis and therapies of liver fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 222:107791. [PMID: 33321113 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a dynamic wound-healing process associated with the deposition of extracellular matrix produced by myofibroblasts. HSCs activation, inflammation, oxidative stress, steatosis and aging play critical roles in the progression of liver fibrosis, which is correlated with the regulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway. As nuclear receptors, PPARs reduce inflammatory response, regulate lipid metabolism, and inhibit fibrogenesis in the liver associated with aging. Thus, PPAR ligands have been investigated as possible therapeutic agents. Mounting evidence indicated that some PPAR agonists could reverse steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. Consequently, targeting PPARs might be a promising and novel therapeutic option against liver fibrosis. This review summarizes recent studies on the role of PPARs on the pathogenesis and treatment of liver fibrosis.
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17
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Shoaito H, Chauveau S, Gosseaume C, Bourguet W, Vigouroux C, Vatier C, Pienkowski C, Fournier T, Degrelle SA. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-ligand-binding domain mutations associated with familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 disrupt human trophoblast fusion and fibroblast migration. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7660-7669. [PMID: 32519441 PMCID: PMC7339198 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARG) is essential for placental development, and alterations in its expression and/or activity are associated with human placental pathologies such as pre‐eclampsia or IUGR. However, the molecular regulation of PPARG in cytotrophoblast differentiation and in the underlying mesenchyme remains poorly understood. Our main goal was to study the impact of mutations in the ligand‐binding domain (LBD) of the PPARG gene on cytotrophoblast fusion (PPARGE352Q) and on fibroblast cell migration (PPARGR262G/PPARGL319X). Our results showed that, compared to cells with reconstituted PPARGWT, transfection with PPARGE352Q led to significantly lower PPARG activity and lower restoration of trophoblast fusion. Likewise, compared to PPARGWT fibroblasts, PPARGR262G/PPARGL319X fibroblasts demonstrated significantly inhibited cell migration. In conclusion, we report that single missense or nonsense mutations in the LBD of PPARG significantly inhibit cell fusion and migration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Shoaito
- INSERM, UMR-S1139 (3PHM), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Chauveau
- INSERM, UMR-S1139 (3PHM), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Laboratoire ICARE, Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, Saint-Beauzire, France
| | - Camille Gosseaume
- Inserm UMR-S938, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, National Reference Centre of Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - William Bourguet
- INSERM, CNRS, Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Inserm UMR-S938, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, National Reference Centre of Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Camille Vatier
- Inserm UMR-S938, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, National Reference Centre of Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Pienkowski
- Endocrinology Unit, Reference Centre for Rare Gynecologic Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Fournier
- INSERM, UMR-S1139 (3PHM), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,PremUp Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Séverine A Degrelle
- INSERM, UMR-S1139 (3PHM), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,PremUp Foundation, Paris, France.,Inovarion, Paris, France
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18
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To Probe Full and Partial Activation of Human Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors by Pan-Agonist Chiglitazar Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations. PPAR Res 2020; 2020:5314187. [PMID: 32308671 PMCID: PMC7152983 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5314187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiglitazar is a promising new-generation insulin sensitizer with low reverse effects for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and has shown activity as a nonselective pan-agonist to the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) (i.e., full activation of PPARγ and a partial activation of PPARα and PPARβ/δ). Yet, it has no high-resolution complex structure with PPARs and its detailed interactions and activation mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we docked chiglitazar into three experimentally resolved crystal structures of hPPAR subtypes, PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, followed by 3 μs molecular dynamics simulations for each system. Our MM-GBSA binding energy calculation revealed that chiglitazar most favorably bound to hPPARγ (-144.6 kcal/mol), followed by hPPARα (-138.0 kcal/mol) and hPPARβ (-135.9 kcal/mol), and the order is consistent with the experimental data. Through the decomposition of the MM-GBSA binding energy by residue and the use of two-dimensional interaction diagrams, key residues involved in the binding of chiglitazar were identified and characterized for each complex system. Additionally, our detailed dynamics analyses support that the conformation and dynamics of helix 12 play a critical role in determining the activities of the different types of ligands (e.g., full agonist vs. partial agonist). Rather than being bent fully in the direction of the agonist versus antagonist conformation, a partial agonist can adopt a more linear conformation and have a lower degree of flexibility. Our finding may aid in further development of this new generation of medication.
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19
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Vallée A, Vallée JN, Lecarpentier Y. Metabolic reprogramming in atherosclerosis: Opposed interplay between the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 133:36-46. [PMID: 31153873 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and age-related disease, is a complex mechanism presenting a dysregulation of vessel structures. During this process, the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway is increased whereas PPARγ is downregulated. The two systems act in an opposite manner. This paper reviews the opposing interplay of these systems and their metabolic-reprogramming pathway in atherosclerosis. Activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway enhances the transcription of targets involved in inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, and vascular calcification. This complex mechanism, which is partly controlled by the WNT/β-catenin pathway, presents several metabolic dysfunctions. This phenomenon, called aerobic glycolysis (or the Warburg effect), consists of a shift in ATP production from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, leading to the overproduction of intracellular lactate. This mechanism is partially due to the injury of mitochondrial respiration and an increase in the glycolytic pathway. In contrast, PPARγ agonists downregulate the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Therefore, the development of therapeutic targets, such as PPARγ agonists, for the treatment of atherosclerosis could be an interesting and innovative way of counteracting the canonical WNT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Hotel-Dieu Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80054 Amiens, France; Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), 6-8 rue Saint-fiacre, 77100 Meaux, France
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20
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Effects of Dual Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors α and γ Activation in Two Rat Models of Neuropathic Pain. PPAR Res 2019; 2019:2630232. [PMID: 31139213 PMCID: PMC6500665 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2630232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a growing healthcare problem causing a global burden. Currently used analgesics such as opioids are associated with adverse effects; urging the need for safer alternatives. Here we aimed to investigate the potential analgesic effects of tesaglitazar; dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ (PPARα and γ) agonist in rat models of neuropathic pain. This study also aimed to investigate the modulation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor activity by tesaglitazar which could provide a potential mechanism that underlie tesaglitazar antinociceptive effects. Von Frey filaments were used to determine the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) in adult male Sprague Dawley rats (180-250g) following i.p. injection of streptozotocin (STZ) or cisplatin, which were used as models of neuropathic pain. Antinociceptive effects of tesaglitazar were determined 6 hours after drug administration. Cobalt influx assays in cultured dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons were used to study the effects of tesaglitazar preincubation on capsaicin-evoked cobalt influx. Both cisplatin and STZ produced a significant decrease in PWT. The higher dose of tesaglitazar (20μg/kg) significantly restored PWT in both neuropathic pain models (P<0.05). 10μM capsaicin produced a robust cobalt response in DRG neurons. Preincubation of DRG neurones with tesaglitazar 6 hours prior to stimulation with capsaicin significantly reduce capsaicin-evoked cobalt responses in a PPARα and PPARγ dependent fashion (P<0.05). In conclusion, tesaglitazar produced significant analgesic effects in STZ and cisplatin-induced neuropathy, possibly by modulating TRPV1 receptor activity. This may be of potential benefit in clinical practice dealing with peripheral neuropathy.
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21
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Shoaito H, Petit J, Chissey A, Auzeil N, Guibourdenche J, Gil S, Laprévote O, Fournier T, Degrelle SA. The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) in Mono(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (MEHP)-Mediated Cytotrophoblast Differentiation. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:27003. [PMID: 30810372 PMCID: PMC6752943 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are environmental contaminants commonly used as plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products. Recently, exposure to phthalates has been associated with preterm birth, low birth weight, and pregnancy loss. There is limited information about the possible mechanisms linking maternal phthalate exposure and placental development, but one such mechanism may be mediated by peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ). PPARγ belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulates, in a ligand-dependent manner, the transcription of target genes. Studies of PPARγ-deficient mice have demonstrated its essential role in lipid metabolism and placental development. In the human placenta, PPARγ is expressed in the villous cytotrophoblast (VCT) and is activated during its differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to investigate the action of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on PPARγ activity during in vitro differentiation of VCTs. METHODS We combined immunofluorescence, PPARγ activity/hCG assays, western blotting, and lipidomics analyses to characterize the impacts of physiologically relevant concentrations of MEHP (0.1, 1, and 10 μM) on cultured VCTs isolated from human term placentas. RESULTS Doses of 0.1 and 1 μM MEHP showed significantly lower PPARγ activity and less VCT differentiation in comparison with controls, whereas, surprisingly, a 10 μM dose had the opposite effect. MEHP exposure inhibited hCG production and significantly altered lipid composition. In addition, MEHP had significant effects on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that MEHP has a U-shaped dose–response effect on trophoblast differentiation that is mediated by the PPARγ pathway and acts as an endocrine disruptor in the human placenta. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3730.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Shoaito
- UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (Inserm, National Institute of Health & Medical Research), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Julia Petit
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- UMR 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (Cnrs, National Center for Scientific Research), Paris, France
| | - Audrey Chissey
- UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (Inserm, National Institute of Health & Medical Research), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Auzeil
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- UMR 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (Cnrs, National Center for Scientific Research), Paris, France
| | - Jean Guibourdenche
- UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (Inserm, National Institute of Health & Medical Research), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Fondation PremUp, Paris, France
- Department of Biological Endocrinology, CHU Cochin, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Sophie Gil
- UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (Inserm, National Institute of Health & Medical Research), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Fondation PremUp, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Laprévote
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- UMR 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (Cnrs, National Center for Scientific Research), Paris, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Fournier
- UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (Inserm, National Institute of Health & Medical Research), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Fondation PremUp, Paris, France
| | - Séverine A. Degrelle
- UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (Inserm, National Institute of Health & Medical Research), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Fondation PremUp, Paris, France
- Inovarion, Paris, France
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22
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Asakura M, Kim J, Asanuma H, Nakama Y, Tsukahara K, Higashino Y, Ishikawa T, Koba S, Tsujimoto M, Himeno H, Maruyama Y, Ookusa T, Yoda S, Suzuki H, Okubo S, Shimizu M, Hashimoto Y, Satake K, Fujino S, Uzui H, Nagai Y, Kohno T, Mizuno S, Nakahama M, Kanaya H, Murohara T, Fukui K, Takase H, Ohte N, Shiono T, Fukunami M, Endo T, Sawada R, Fujii K, Takeuchi M, Ikeda S, Mizuno K, Uematsu M, Matsubara T, Yano S, Takahashi J, Ueda K, Kinoshita Y, Tamita K, Hayashi H, Hamasaki T, Kitakaze M. Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Previous Myocardial Infarction and Mild Diabetes Mellitus Following Treatment With Pioglitazone: Reports of a Randomised Trial From The Japan Working Group for the Assessment Whether Pioglitazone Protects DM Patients Against Re-Infarction (PPAR Study). EClinicalMedicine 2018; 4-5:10-24. [PMID: 31193597 PMCID: PMC6537525 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary prevention in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) is critically important to prevent ischaemic heart failure and reduce social burden. Pioglitazone improves vascular dysfunction and prevents coronary atherosclerosis, mainly via anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects by enhancing adiponectin production in addition to antihyperglycemic effects, thus suggesting that pioglitazone attenuates cardiovascular events in patients with mild (HbA1c levels < 6·5%) diabetes mellitus (DM). Therefore, we evaluated the effects of pioglitazone on cardiovascular events in patients with both previous MI and mild DM. METHODS In this multicentre, prospective, randomised, open, blinded-endpoint trial, we randomly assigned 630 patients with mild DM with a history of MI to undergo either DM therapy with (pioglitazone group) or without (control group) pioglitazone. DM was diagnosed using the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, and mild DM was defined if HbA1c level was < 6·5%. The primary endpoint was the composite of cardiovascular death and hospitalisation caused by acute MI, unstable angina, coronary revascularisation (including percutaneous coronary intervention and cardiac bypass surgery), and stroke. FINDINGS HbA1C levels were 5·9 and 5·8% (p = 0·71) at baseline and 6·0 and 5·8% (p < 0·01) at 2 years for the control and pioglitazone groups, respectively.The primary endpoint was observed in 14·2% and 14·1% patients in the control and pioglitazone groups during two years (95% confidential interval (CI):0.662-1·526, p = 0·98), respectively; the incidence of MI and cerebral infarction was 0·3% and 2·2% (95%CI: 0·786-32·415, p = 0·09) and 1·0% and 0·3% (95%CI: 0·051-3·662, p = 0·44), respectively. Post-hoc analyses of the 7-year observation period showed that these trends were comparable (21·9% and 19·2% in the control and pioglitazone groups, 95%CI: 0.618-1·237, p = 0·45). INTERPRETATION Pioglitazone could not reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular events in patients with mild DM and previous MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Asakura
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Division, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Jiyoong Kim
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
- Kim Cardiovascular Clinic, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asanuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nakama
- Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kengo Tsukahara
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yorihiko Higashino
- Department of Cardiology, Higashi Takarazuka Satoh Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Cardiology, Saitama Prefecture Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinji Koba
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Tsujimoto
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Veritas Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideo Himeno
- Division of Cardiology, Fujisawa City Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Takanori Ookusa
- Department of Cardiology, Hokko Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shunichi Yoda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Division of Cardiology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Okubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Shimizu
- Department of Cardiology, International Goodwill Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiology, Kameda Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuo Satake
- Department of Cardiology, Fukui General Clinic, Fukui, Japan
| | - Susumu Fujino
- Department of Cardiology, Fukui Prefectural Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Uzui
- Department of Cardiology, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Nagai
- Department of Cardiology, Rinku General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tohru Kohno
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Rinkai Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumio Mizuno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fukui Cardiovascular Center, Fukui, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakahama
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuyama City Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hounin Kanaya
- Division of Cardiology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | - Kazuki Fukui
- Department of Cardiology, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takase
- Department of Internal Medicine, Enshu Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ohte
- Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takaaki Shiono
- Department of Cardiology, Kitasato University Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Tsutomu Endo
- Department of Cardiology, Saiseikai Yokohama City Southern Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Reimin Sawada
- Department of Cardiology, Hadano Red Cross Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenshi Fujii
- Department of Cardiology, Fukui Prefectural Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | | | - Shuntaro Ikeda
- Division of Cardiology, Uwajima City Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Koichi Mizuno
- Department of Cardiology, Kawasaki Municipal Tama Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Taku Matsubara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinrakuen Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shoji Yano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Almeida Memorial Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kousei Ueda
- Division of Cardiology, Komatsu Municipal Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | - Koichi Tamita
- Department of Cardiology, Nishinomiya Watanabe Cardiovascular Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hoetsu Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Hamasaki
- Department of Data Science, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kitakaze
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Department of Clinical Medicine and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita 565-8565, Japan.
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Antihyperglycemic drugs use and new-onset atrial fibrillation: A population-based nested case control study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197245. [PMID: 30161122 PMCID: PMC6116917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the potential risk of atrial fibrillation associated with antihyperglycemic drug use has been a topic of considerable interest. However, it remains uncertain whether different classes of antihyperglycemic drug therapy are associated with the risk of atrial fibrillation risk. Here, we investigated the association between different classes of antihyperglycemic drugs and new-onset atrial fibrillation (NAF). A case-matched study was performed based on the National Health Insurance Program in Taiwan. Patients who had NAF were considered the NAF group and were matched in a 1:4 ratio with patients without NAF, who were assigned to the non-NAF group. Patients were matched according to sex, age, diabetes mellitus duration, index date, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score. We used multivariate logistic regression controlling for potential confounders to examine the association between different classes of antihyperglycemic drug use and the risk of NAF. Overall, we identified 2,882 cases and 11,528 matched controls for the study. After adjusting for sex, age, comorbidities, and concurrent medications, users of biguanides or thiazolidinediones were at a lower risk of developing NAF when compared with non-users (odds ratio [OR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71–0.95 and OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63–0.83, respectively). In contrast, users of insulin were at a higher risk of developing NAF than were non-users (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06–1.35). Sulfonylureas, glinides, α-glucosidase inhibitors, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors were not associated with developing the risk of NAF. In conclusion, the use of biguanides or thiazolidinediones may be associated with a low risk of NAF, whereas insulin may be associated with a significant increase in the risk of NAF in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus during long-term follow-up. Further prospective randomized studies should investigate which specific class of antihyperglycemic drug treatment for diabetes mellitus can prevent or postpone NAF.
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Trzepizur W, Cortese R, Gozal D. Murine models of sleep apnea: functional implications of altered macrophage polarity and epigenetic modifications in adipose and vascular tissues. Metabolism 2018; 84:44-55. [PMID: 29154950 PMCID: PMC5955762 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disease across the lifespan, is characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, and has been independently associated with substantial cardiometabolic morbidity. However, the reversibility of end-organ morbidity with treatment is not always apparent, suggesting that both tissue remodeling and epigenetic mechanisms may be operationally involved. Here, we review the cumulative evidence focused around murine models of OSA to illustrate the temporal dependencies of cardiometabolic dysfunction and its reversibility, and more particularly to discuss the critical contributions of tissue macrophages to adipose tissue insulin resistance and vascular atherogenesis. In addition, we describe initial findings potentially implicating epigenetic alterations in both the emergence of the cardiometabolic morbidity of OSA, and in its reversibility with treatment. We anticipate that improved understanding of macrophage biology and epigenetics in the context of intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation will lead to discovery of novel therapeutic targets and improved cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Trzepizur
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Département de Pneumologie, Centre de Recherche Clinique, CHU d'Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, UNIV Angers, INSERM UMR 1063, Angers, France
| | - Rene Cortese
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David Gozal
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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25
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Erzin G, Aydemir MÇ, Yüksel RN, Tatlıdil Yaylacı E, Çakır B, Sezer S, Göka E. Serum 15-d-PGJ2 and PPARγ levels are reduced in manic episode of bipolar disorder while IL-4 levels are not affected. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1471882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Erzin
- Psychiatry Department, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Rabia Nazik Yüksel
- Psychiatry Department, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Bağdagül Çakır
- Psychiatry Department, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Sezer
- Psychiatry Department, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erol Göka
- Psychiatry Department, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Antidiabetic and Antiobesity Effects of Artemether in db/db Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8639523. [PMID: 29862294 PMCID: PMC5971258 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8639523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study is designed to investigate the effect of artemether on type 2 diabetic db/db mice. The experiments consisted of three groups: normal control (NC, db/+, 1% methylcellulose, intragastric administration), diabetic control (DM, db/db, 1% methylcellulose, intragastric administration), and artemether treated (artemether, db/db, 200 mg/kg of artemether, intragastric administration). The treatment lasted for two weeks. The food intake, body weight, and fasting blood glucose of mice were measured every three days. At the start and end of the experiment, the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and insulin tolerance test (IPITT) were performed. We determined the serum insulin and glucagon levels by ELISA kits and calculated insulin resistance index (HOME-IR). HE staining was used to observe the morphologies of pancreas and liver in mice. The damage of pancreatic beta cells was evaluated by TUNEL staining and immunofluorescence. We found the following: (1) compared with the DM group, the food intake and weight increase rate of artemether group significantly reduced (P < 0.05); (2) compared with pretreatment, artemether significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose levels, and the areas under the curves (AUCs) of IPGTT were decreased significantly, increasing the tolerance to glucose of db/db mice. (P < 0.05); (3) artemether improved hyperinsulinemia and decreased the AUCs of IPITT and HOME-IR, increasing the insulin sensitivity of db/db mice. (4) Artemether significantly ameliorated islet vacuolar degeneration and hepatic steatosis in db/db mice. (5) Artemether reduced the apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells and increased insulin secretion in db/db mice compared with DM group (P < 0.05). Our results indicated that artemether significantly improved glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance and had the potential activity to prevent obesity, reduced the severity of fatty liver, and protected pancreatic beta cells, promising to treat type 2 diabetes.
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27
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Occurrence of pneumonitis following radiotherapy of breast cancer - A prospective study. Strahlenther Onkol 2018; 194:520-532. [PMID: 29450591 PMCID: PMC5960004 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-017-1257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM of this study is to determine the temporal resolution of therapy-induced pneumonitis, and to assess promoting factors in adjuvant treated patients with unilateral mammacarcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 100 post-surgery patients were recruited. The cohort was treated by 2 field radiotherapy (2FRT; breast and chest wall, N = 75), 3 field radiotherapy (3FRT; + supraclavicular lymphatic region, N = 8), or with 4 field radiotherapy (4FRT; + parasternal lymphatic region, N = 17). Ninety-one patients received various systemic treatments prior to irradiation. Following an initial screening visit post-RT, two additional visits after 12 and 25 weeks were conducted including radiographic examination. In addition, general anamnesis and the co-medication were recorded. The endpoint was reached as soon as a pneumonitis was developed or at maximum of six months post-treatment. RESULTS A pneumonitis incidence of 13% was determined. Of 91 patients with prior systemic therapy, 11 patients developed pneumonitis. Smoking history and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) appeared to be positive predictors, whereas past pneumonia clearly promoted pneumonitis. Further pneumonitis-promoting predictors are represented by the applied field extensions (2 field radiotherapy [2FRT] < 3 field radiotherapy [3FRT] < 4 field radiotherapy [4FRT]) and the type of combined initial systemic therapies. As a consequence, all of the three patients in the study cohort treated with 4FRT and initial chemotherapy combined with anti-hormone and antibody protocols developed pneumonitis. A combination of the hormone antagonists tamoxifen and goserelin might enhance the risk for pneumonitis. Remarkably, none of the 11 patients co-medicated with statins suffered from pneumonitis. CONCLUSIONS The rapidly increasing use of novel systemic therapy schedules combined with radiotherapy (RT) needs more prospective studies with larger cohorts. Our results indicate that contribution to pneumonitis occurrence of various (neo)adjuvant therapy approaches followed by RT is of minor relevance, whereas mean total lung doses of >10 Gy escalate the risk of lung tissue complications. The validity of potential inhibitors of therapy-induced pneumonitis as observed for statin co-medication should further be investigated in future trials.
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28
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Bonato JM, Bassani TB, Milani H, Vital MABF, de Oliveira RMW. Pioglitazone reduces mortality, prevents depressive-like behavior, and impacts hippocampal neurogenesis in the 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease in rats. Exp Neurol 2018; 300:188-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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New Transcriptional Reporters to Quantify and Monitor PPAR γ Activity. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:6139107. [PMID: 29225614 PMCID: PMC5684601 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6139107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that plays a critical role in diverse biological processes, including adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and placental development. To study the activity of PPARγ, we constructed two new reporter genes: a fluorescent GFP-tagged histone-2B (PPRE-H2B-eGFP) and a secreted nanoluciferase (PPRE-pNL1.3[secNluc]). This study demonstrates their usage to monitor PPARγ activity in different cell types and screen for PPARγ's potential ligands.
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30
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de Jong M, van der Worp HB, van der Graaf Y, Visseren FLJ, Westerink J. Pioglitazone and the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. A meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:134. [PMID: 29037211 PMCID: PMC5644073 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Pioglitazone targets multiple pathogenic pathways involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the effects of pioglitazone treatment on the secondary prevention of CVD. Methods Randomized-controlled trials of pioglitazone in patients with CVD were identified through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and CINAHL, in a search up to May 2016. Studies were included if pioglitazone was compared with any control (usual care, placebo or active comparator) and if patients were previously diagnosed with CVD. The outcomes of interest included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, all-cause mortality and heart failure (HF). All outcomes were compared by pooled risk ratios (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Pooled estimates were calculated using a random-effects model. Results Ten studies reported the effects of pioglitazone on any of the outcomes of interest. Pioglitazone reduced recurrent MACE (RR 0.74, 95% 0.60–0.92; I2 = 35), MI (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.64–0.93; I2 = 0%), or stroke (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.68–0.96; I2 = 0%). Pioglitazone did not reduce all-cause mortality (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.81–1.08; I2 = 0%), whereas pioglitazone treatment was associated with an increased risk of HF (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.14–1.54). Conclusions Pioglitazone lowers the risk of recurrent MACE, stroke, or MI in patients with clinical manifest vascular disease. Pioglitazone does not lower the risk for all-cause mortality, and increases the risk for the development of HF. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0617-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit de Jong
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508, Utrecht, GA, The Netherlands
| | - H Bart van der Worp
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yolanda van der Graaf
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L J Visseren
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Westerink
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508, Utrecht, GA, The Netherlands.
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31
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Roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma on Brain and Peripheral Inflammation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:121-132. [PMID: 28975471 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been implicated in the pathology of numerous diseases involving diabetes, stroke, cancer, or obesity. It is expressed in diverse cell types, including vessels, immune and glial cells, and neurons. PPARγ plays crucial roles in the regulation of cellular differentiation, lipid metabolism, or glucose homeostasis. PPARγ ligands also exert effects on attenuating degenerative processes in the brain, as well as in peripheral systems, and it has been associated with the control of anti-inflammatory mechanisms, oxidative stress, neuronal death, neurogenesis, differentiation, and angiogenesis. This review will highlight key advances in the understanding of the PPARγ-related mechanisms responsible for neuroprotection after brain injuries, both ischemia and traumatic brain injury, and it will also cover the natural and synthetic agonist for PPARγ, angiotensin receptor blockers, and PPARγ antagonists, used in experimental and clinical research. A better understanding of the pleiotropic mechanisms and applications of these drugs to improve the recovery and to repair the acute and chronic induced neuroinflammation after brain injuries will pave the way for more effective therapeutic strategies after brain deficits.
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32
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Liu C, Liu R, Fu H, Li J, Wang X, Cheng L, Korantzopoulos P, Tse G, Li G, Liu T. Pioglitazone attenuates atrial remodeling and vulnerability to atrial fibrillation in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. Cardiovasc Ther 2017; 35. [PMID: 28665544 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Changle Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease; Department of Cardiology; Tianjin Institute of Cardiology; Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| | - Ruimeng Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease; Department of Cardiology; Tianjin Institute of Cardiology; Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| | - Huaying Fu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease; Department of Cardiology; Tianjin Institute of Cardiology; Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| | - Jian Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease; Department of Cardiology; Tianjin Institute of Cardiology; Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease; Department of Cardiology; Tianjin Institute of Cardiology; Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| | - Lijun Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease; Department of Cardiology; Tianjin Institute of Cardiology; Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| | | | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease; Department of Cardiology; Tianjin Institute of Cardiology; Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease; Department of Cardiology; Tianjin Institute of Cardiology; Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
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33
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Varo R, Crowley VM, Sitoe A, Madrid L, Serghides L, Bila R, Mucavele H, Mayor A, Bassat Q, Kain KC. Safety and tolerability of adjunctive rosiglitazone treatment for children with uncomplicated malaria. Malar J 2017; 16:215. [PMID: 28535809 PMCID: PMC5442675 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-1858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the widespread use and availability of rapidly acting anti-malarials, the fatality rate of severe malaria in sub-Saharan Africa remains high. Adjunctive therapies that target the host response to malaria infection may further decrease mortality over that of anti-malarial agents alone. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists (e.g. rosiglitazone) have been shown to act on several pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of severe malaria and may improve clinical outcome as an adjunctive intervention. METHODS In this study, the safety and tolerability of adjunctive rosiglitazone in paediatric uncomplicated malaria infection was evaluated in Mozambique, as a prelude to its evaluation in a randomized controlled trial in paediatric severe malaria. The study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase IIa trial of rosiglitazone (0.045 mg/kg/dose) twice daily for 4 days versus placebo as adjunctive treatment in addition to Mozambican standard of care (artemisinin combination therapy Coartem®) in children with uncomplicated malaria. The primary outcomes were tolerability and safety, including clinical, haematological, biochemical, and electrocardiographic evaluations. RESULTS Thirty children were enrolled: 20 were assigned to rosiglitazone and 10 to placebo. Rosiglitazone treatment did not induce hypoglycaemia nor significantly alter clinical, biochemical, haematological, or electrocardiographic parameters. CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive rosiglitazone was safe and well-tolerated in children with uncomplicated malaria, permitting the extension of its evaluation as adjunctive therapy for severe malaria. The trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02694874.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosauro Varo
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Rosselló 132, 5th Floor, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Rua 12, Vila da Manhiça, 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Valerie M Crowley
- S. A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Antonio Sitoe
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Rua 12, Vila da Manhiça, 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Lola Madrid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Rosselló 132, 5th Floor, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Rua 12, Vila da Manhiça, 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Lena Serghides
- Toronto General Research Institute (TGRI), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rubao Bila
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Rua 12, Vila da Manhiça, 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Helio Mucavele
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Rua 12, Vila da Manhiça, 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Alfredo Mayor
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Rosselló 132, 5th Floor, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Rua 12, Vila da Manhiça, 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Quique Bassat
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Rosselló 132, 5th Floor, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Rua 12, Vila da Manhiça, 1929, Maputo, Mozambique. .,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Kevin C Kain
- S. A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Tropical Diseases Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, UHN-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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34
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Chen HY, Yang FY, Jong GP, Liou YS. Antihyperglycemic drugs use and new-onset atrial fibrillation in elderly patients. Eur J Clin Invest 2017; 47:388-393. [PMID: 28369870 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antihyperglycemic drugs have been linked to new-onset atrial fibrillation (NAF). However, the effect of the different classes of antihyperglycemic drugs on the development of NAF in elderly patients has not been well studied. In this study, we investigated the association between different classes of antihyperglycemic drugs and NAF in elderly patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a nested case-control study performed using the database of National Health Insurance programme in Taiwan. Each participant aged 65 years and older who were NAF from 2005 to 2012 were assigned to the NAF group, whereas case was sex-, age-, diabetes duration-, index date-matched, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score-matched randomly selected participant without NAF were assigned to the non-NAF group. Multivariable logistic regression model was used for the estimation of odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of NAF associated with use of different classes of antihyperglycemic agents. Nonusers served as the reference group. RESULTS We identified 1958 cases and 7832 controls. The risk of NAF after adjusting for sex, age, comorbidities and concurrent medication was higher among the users of insulin than among the nonusers (OR, 1·58; 95% CI, 1·37-1·82). Patients who took dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors were at lower risk of developing NAF than the nonusers (OR, 0·65; 95% CI, 0·45-0·93). CONCLUSIONS In this population, use of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor was associated with a low risk of NAF. Insulin use was associated with a significant increase in the risk of NAF during the long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Beigang, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Yu Yang
- Institute of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Beigang, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Ping Jong
- Division of Internal Cardiology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital and Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Basic Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Liou
- Department of Family Medicine and Geriatrics, Taichung Veteran General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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35
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Derosa G, Sahebkar A, Maffioli P. The role of various peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and their ligands in clinical practice. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:153-161. [PMID: 28098353 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors involved in several physiological processes including modulation of cellular differentiation, development, metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and tumorigenesis. The aim of this review is to examine how different PPAR ligands act, and discuss their use in clinical practice. PPAR ligands have a lot of effects and applications in clinical practice. Some PPAR ligands such as fibrates (PPAR-α ligands) are currently used for the treatment of dyslipidemia, while pioglitazone and rosiglitazone (PPAR-γ ligands) are anti-diabetic and insulin-sensitizing agents. Regarding new generation drugs, acting on both α/γ, β/δ, or α/δ receptors simultaneously, preliminary data on PPAR-α/γ dual agonists revealed a positive effect on lipid profile, blood pressure, atherosclerosis, inflammation, and anti-coagulant effects, while the overexpression of PPAR-β/δ seems to prevent obesity and to decrease lipid storage in cardiac cells. Finally, PPAR-α/δ dual agonist induces resolution of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis without fibrosis worsening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Derosa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Centre of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Center for the Study of Endocrine-Metabolic Pathophysiology and Clinical Research, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Centre for Prevention, Surveillance, Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pamela Maffioli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Centre of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,PhD School in Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Wafer R, Tandon P, Minchin JEN. The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma ( PPARG) in Adipogenesis: Applying Knowledge from the Fish Aquaculture Industry to Biomedical Research. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:102. [PMID: 28588550 PMCID: PMC5438977 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tropical freshwater zebrafish has recently emerged as a valuable model organism for the study of adipose tissue biology and obesity-related disease. The strengths of the zebrafish model system are its wealth of genetic mutants, transgenic tools, and amenability to high-resolution imaging of cell dynamics within live animals. However, zebrafish adipose research is at a nascent stage and many gaps exist in our understanding of zebrafish adipose physiology and metabolism. By contrast, adipose research within other, closely related, teleost species has a rich and extensive history, owing to the economic importance of these fish as a food source. Here, we compare and contrast knowledge on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG)-mediated adipogenesis derived from both biomedical and aquaculture literatures. We first concentrate on the biomedical literature to (i) briefly review PPARG-mediated adipogenesis in mammals, before (ii) reviewing Pparg-mediated adipogenesis in zebrafish. Finally, we (iii) mine the aquaculture literature to compare and contrast Pparg-mediated adipogenesis in aquaculturally relevant teleosts. Our goal is to highlight evolutionary similarities and differences in adipose biology that will inform our understanding of the role of adipose tissue in obesity and related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wafer
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Panna Tandon
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James E. N. Minchin
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- *Correspondence: James E. N. Minchin,
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Chatterjee S, Sanyal D, Das Choudhury S, Bandyopadhyay M, Chakraborty S, Mukherjee A. Effect of pioglitazone on nerve conduction velocity of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel in type 2 diabetes patients. World J Diabetes 2016; 7:547-553. [PMID: 27895823 PMCID: PMC5107714 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v7.i19.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the impact of pioglitazone pharmacotherapy in median nerve electrophysiology in the carpal tunnel among type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS The study was executed in patients with type 2 diabetes, treated with oral drugs, categorized under pioglitazone or non-pioglitazone group (14 in each group), and who received electrophysiological evaluation by nerve conduction velocity at baseline and 3 mo. RESULTS At 3 mo, pioglitazone-category had inferior amplitude in sensory median nerve [8.5 interquartile range (IQR) = 6.5 to 11.5) vs non-pioglitazone 14.5 (IQR 10.5 to 18.75)] (P = 0.002). Non-pioglitazone category displayed amelioration in amplitude in the sensory median nerve [baseline 13 (IQR = 9 to 16.25) vs 3 mo 8.5 (IQR = 6.5 to 11.5)] (P = 0.01) and amplitude in motor median nerve [baseline 9 (IQR = 4.75 to 11) vs 3 mo 6.75 (IQR = 4.75 to 10.25)] (P = 0.049); and deterioration of terminal latency of in motor ulnar nerve [baseline 2.07 (IQR = 1.92 to 2.25) vs 3 mo 2.16 (IQR = 1.97 to 2.325)] (P = 0.043). There was amelioration of terminal latency in sensory ulnar nerve [baseline 2.45 (IQR = 2.315 to 2.88) vs 3 mo 2.37 (IQR = 2.275 to 2.445) for pioglitazone group (P = 0.038). CONCLUSION Treatment with pioglitazone accentuates probability of compressive neuropathy. In spite of comparable glycemic control over 3 mo, patients treated with pioglitazone showed superior electrophysiological parameters for the ulnar nerve. Pioglitazone has favourable outcome in nerve electrophysiology which was repealed when the nerve was subjected to compressive neuropathy.
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Aon MA, Tocchetti CG, Bhatt N, Paolocci N, Cortassa S. Protective mechanisms of mitochondria and heart function in diabetes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1563-86. [PMID: 25674814 PMCID: PMC4449630 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The heart depends on continuous mitochondrial ATP supply and maintained redox balance to properly develop force, particularly under increased workload. During diabetes, however, myocardial energetic-redox balance is perturbed, contributing to the systolic and diastolic dysfunction known as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). CRITICAL ISSUES How these energetic and redox alterations intertwine to influence the DC progression is still poorly understood. Excessive bioavailability of both glucose and fatty acids (FAs) play a central role, leading, among other effects, to mitochondrial dysfunction. However, where and how this nutrient excess affects mitochondrial and cytoplasmic energetic/redox crossroads remains to be defined in greater detail. RECENT ADVANCES We review how high glucose alters cellular redox balance and affects mitochondrial DNA. Next, we address how lipid excess, either stored in lipid droplets or utilized by mitochondria, affects performance in diabetic hearts by influencing cardiac energetic and redox assets. Finally, we examine how the reciprocal energetic/redox influence between mitochondrial and cytoplasmic compartments shapes myocardial mechanical activity during the course of DC, focusing especially on the glutathione and thioredoxin systems. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Protecting mitochondria from losing their ability to generate energy, and to control their own reactive oxygen species emission is essential to prevent the onset and/or to slow down DC progression. We highlight mechanisms enforced by the diabetic heart to counteract glucose/FAs surplus-induced damage, such as lipid storage, enhanced mitochondria-lipid droplet interaction, and upregulation of key antioxidant enzymes. Learning more on the nature and location of mechanisms sheltering mitochondrial functions would certainly help in further optimizing therapies for human DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Aon
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carlo G Tocchetti
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Niraj Bhatt
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sonia Cortassa
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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40
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Lee J, Jo DG, Park D, Chung HY, Mattson MP. Adaptive cellular stress pathways as therapeutic targets of dietary phytochemicals: focus on the nervous system. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 66:815-68. [PMID: 24958636 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.007757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past 5 decades, it has been widely promulgated that the chemicals in plants that are good for health act as direct scavengers of free radicals. Here we review evidence that favors a different hypothesis for the health benefits of plant consumption, namely, that some phytochemicals exert disease-preventive and therapeutic actions by engaging one or more adaptive cellular response pathways in cells. The evolutionary basis for the latter mechanism is grounded in the fact that plants produce natural antifeedant/noxious chemicals that discourage insects and other organisms from eating them. However, in the amounts typically consumed by humans, the phytochemicals activate one or more conserved adaptive cellular stress response pathways and thereby enhance the ability of cells to resist injury and disease. Examplesof such pathways include those involving the transcription factors nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, nuclear factor-κB, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and forkhead box subgroup O, as well as the production and action of trophic factors and hormones. Translational research to develop interventions that target these pathways may lead to new classes of therapeutic agents that act by stimulating adaptive stress response pathways to bolster endogenous defenses against tissue injury and disease. Because neurons are particularly sensitive to potentially noxious phytochemicals, we focus on the nervous system but also include findings from other cell types in which actions of phytochemicals on specific signal transduction pathways have been more thoroughly studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
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Jin HY, Lee KA, Wu JZ, Baek HS, Park TS. The neuroprotective benefit from pioglitazone (PIO) addition on the alpha lipoic acid (ALA)-based treatment in experimental diabetic rats. Endocrine 2014; 47:772-82. [PMID: 24532138 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the combined effect of pioglitazone (PIO) with alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on the peripheral nerves of diabetic rats. Animals were divided into 8 groups (N = 6-8) and designated according to ALA (100 mg/kg/day) and PIO (10 mg/kg/day) treatment: Normal, Normal + ALA, Normal + PIO, Normal + ALA + PIO, DM, DM + ALA, DM + PIO, and DM + ALA + PIO. After 24 weeks, current perception threshold, mechanical allodynia, oxidative stresses, intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD), and axonal morphology in the sciatic nerve were compared among groups. IENFD in the DM + ALA + PIO group was significantly less reduced than in other DM groups (7.61 ± 0.52 vs. 5.62 ± 0.96, 5.56 ± 0.60, and 7.10 ± 0.70 for DM, DM + ALA, and DM + PIO, respectively P < 0.05). The mean myelinated axonal area in the sciatic nerves was significantly higher in the DM + ALA + PIO group compared with non-treated DM group (70.2 ± 3.46 vs. 61.1 ± 2.91, P < 0.05) although significant differences were not present between combination therapy and monotherapy independent of ALA or PIO. Our results demonstrated that combination therapy using PIO based on ALA can give an additional benefit in peripheral nerve preservation in diabetes. Moreover, PIO can be preferentially considered when additional glucose-lowering agent is required in DPN patients treated with ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heung Yong Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Gungiro 20 (634-18, Keum-Am Dong), Jeonju, 561-712, South Korea,
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Colca JR, McDonald WG, Kletzien RF. Mitochondrial target of thiazolidinediones. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014; 16:1048-54. [PMID: 24774061 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinediones exert a pleiotropic pharmacology with therapeutic potential in a number of disease states ranging from metabolic syndrome and diabetes to neurodegeneration and cancer. A growing understanding of their mechanism of action, working from the site of their binding in the mitochondrion, provides insight into the mechanism of action of the insulin sensitizers and the reasons for their pleiotropic pharmacology. This review helps to frame the direction of future work that should be helpful in setting a new direction for the discovery and development of new, more useful therapeutic agents for metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Colca
- Metabolic Solutions Development Company, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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He H, Tao H, Xiong H, Duan SZ, McGowan FX, Mortensen RM, Balschi JA. Rosiglitazone causes cardiotoxicity via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-independent mitochondrial oxidative stress in mouse hearts. Toxicol Sci 2014; 138:468-81. [PMID: 24449420 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to test the hypothesis that thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone (RSG), a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, causes cardiotoxicity independently of PPARγ. Energy metabolism and mitochondrial function were measured in perfused hearts isolated from C57BL/6, cardiomyocyte-specific PPARγ-deficient mice, and their littermates. Cardiac function and mitochondrial oxidative stress were measured in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Treatment of isolated hearts with RSG at the supratherapeutic concentrations of 10 and 30 μM caused myocardial energy deficiency as evidenced by the decreases in [PCr], [ATP], ATP/ADP ratio, energy charge with a concomitant cardiac dysfunction as indicated by the decreases in left ventricular systolic pressure, rates of tension development and relaxation, and by an increase in end-diastolic pressure. When incubated with tissue homogenate or isolated mitochondria at these same concentrations, RSG caused mitochondrial dysfunction as evidenced by the decreases in respiration rate, substrate oxidation rates, and activities of complexes I and IV. RSG also increased complexes I- and III-dependent O₂⁻ production, decreased glutathione content, inhibited superoxide dismutase, and increased the levels of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine in mitochondria, consistent with oxidative stress. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) 20 mM prevented RSG-induced above toxicity at those in vitro settings. Cardiomyocyte-specific PPARγ deletion and PPARγ antagonist GW9662 did not prevent the observed cardiotoxicity. Intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg RSG also caused cardiac dysfunction and oxidative stress, 600 mg/kg NAC antagonized these adverse effects. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that RSG at supratherapeutic concentrations causes cardiotoxicity via a PPARγ-independent mechanism involving oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in mouse hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamei He
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Asghar O, Alam U, Hayat SA, Aghamohammadzadeh R, Heagerty AM, Malik RA. Diabetes, Obesity and Atrial Fibrillation: Epidemiology, Mechanisms and Interventions. J Atr Fibrillation 2013; 6:869. [PMID: 28496876 DOI: 10.4022/jafib.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Body mass index (BMI) is a powerful predictor of death, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Over the last few decades, we have witnessed a global rise in adult obesity of epidemic proportions. Similarly, there has been a parallel increase in the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF), itself a significant cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This may be partly attributable to advances in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart failure (HF) improving life expectancy, however, epidemiological studies have demonstrated an independent association between obesity, diabetes and AF, suggesting possible common pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors. Indeed, cardiac remodeling, haemodynamic alterations, autonomic dysfunction, and diastolic dysfunction have been reported in obese and diabetic cohorts. Moreover, diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by an adverse structural and functional cardiac phenotype, which may predispose to the development of AF. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiological and mechanistic relationships between obesity, diabetes and AF, and some of the challenges posed in the management of this high-risk group of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Asghar
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - U Alam
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - S A Hayat
- Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - A M Heagerty
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - R A Malik
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
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Asghar O, Alam U, Hayat SA, Aghamohammadzadeh R, Heagerty AM, Malik RA. Obesity, diabetes and atrial fibrillation; epidemiology, mechanisms and interventions. Curr Cardiol Rev 2013; 8:253-64. [PMID: 22920475 PMCID: PMC3492809 DOI: 10.2174/157340312803760749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed a global rise in adult obesity of epidemic proportions. The potential impact of this is emphasized when one considers that body mass index (BMI) is a powerful predictor of death, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality [1, 2]. Similarly we have witnessed a parallel rise in the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF), the commonest sustained cardiac arrhythmia, which is also a significant cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Part of this increase is attributable to advances in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart failure (HF) improving life expectancy and consequently the prevalence of AF. However, epidemiological studies have demonstrated an independent association between obesity and AF, possibly reflecting common pathophysiology and risk factors for both conditions. Indeed, weight gain and obesity are associated with structural and functional changes of the cardiovascular system including left atrial and ventricular remodeling, haemodynamic alterations, autonomic dysfunction, and diastolic dysfunction. Moreover, diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by an adverse structural and functional cardiac phenotype which may predispose to the development of AF [3]. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiological and mechanistic relationships between obesity, diabetes and AF, and the challenges posed in the management of this high-risk group of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Asghar
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
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Abstract
Excess intra-abdominal adipose tissue accumulation, often termed visceral obesity, is part of a phenotype including dysfunctional subcutaneous adipose tissue expansion and ectopic triglyceride storage closely related to clustering cardiometabolic risk factors. Hypertriglyceridemia; increased free fatty acid availability; adipose tissue release of proinflammatory cytokines; liver insulin resistance and inflammation; increased liver VLDL synthesis and secretion; reduced clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; presence of small, dense LDL particles; and reduced HDL cholesterol levels are among the many metabolic alterations closely related to this condition. Age, gender, genetics, and ethnicity are broad etiological factors contributing to variation in visceral adipose tissue accumulation. Specific mechanisms responsible for proportionally increased visceral fat storage when facing positive energy balance and weight gain may involve sex hormones, local cortisol production in abdominal adipose tissues, endocannabinoids, growth hormone, and dietary fructose. Physiological characteristics of abdominal adipose tissues such as adipocyte size and number, lipolytic responsiveness, lipid storage capacity, and inflammatory cytokine production are significant correlates and even possible determinants of the increased cardiometabolic risk associated with visceral obesity. Thiazolidinediones, estrogen replacement in postmenopausal women, and testosterone replacement in androgen-deficient men have been shown to favorably modulate body fat distribution and cardiometabolic risk to various degrees. However, some of these therapies must now be considered in the context of their serious side effects. Lifestyle interventions leading to weight loss generally induce preferential mobilization of visceral fat. In clinical practice, measuring waist circumference in addition to the body mass index could be helpful for the identification and management of a subgroup of overweight or obese patients at high cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Tchernof
- Endocrinology and Genomics Axis, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
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47
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Pioglitazone may offer therapeutic advantages in diabetes-related atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:1603-5. [PMID: 23414743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Kao CH, Sun LM, Chen PC, Lin MC, Liang JA, Muo CH, Chang SN, Sung FC. A population-based cohort study in Taiwan--use of insulin sensitizers can decrease cancer risk in diabetic patients? Ann Oncol 2013; 24:523-530. [PMID: 23110810 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to explore the possible association between the use of insulin sensitizers (thiazolidinediones, TZDs) and the risk of cancer in Taiwanese diabetic patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS From the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan, we identified 22 910 diabetic patients newly diagnosed from 2001 to 2009 and 91 636 non-diabetic comparisons frequency matched with age, sex, and calendar year, excluding those with cancer at the baseline. Among the diabetics, 4159 patients were treated with TZDs and the rest of 18 752 patients were on other anti-diabetic medications (non-TZDs). RESULTS In comparison to the non-diabetes group, the non-TZDs group had an increased risk of developing cancer [the adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.20 and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11-1.30]. The TZDs group had a HR of 1.18 (95% CI = 0.98-1.42). Analysis of site-specific cancer risks showed that both TZDs and non-TZDs groups with elevated risks of colorectal and pancreatic cancer. However, the non-TZDs group had an increased risk of liver cancer when comparing with TZD and non-diabetes groups. CONCLUSION This study suggests that patients with diabetes are at an elevated risk of cancer (especially in colorectal and pancreatic cancers), and the use of TZDs might decrease the liver cancer risk in diabetic patients. Further investigation using large samples and rigorous methodology is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung.
| | - L-M Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung
| | - P-C Chen
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipe
| | - M-C Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung
| | - J-A Liang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine; Department of Radiation Oncology
| | - C-H Muo
- Management Office for Health Data; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health
| | - S-N Chang
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health; The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University, Taichung; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - F-C Sung
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health
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Nakatsuji H, Kishida K, Kobayashi H, Funahashi T, Shimomura I. Three-month treatment with pioglitazone reduces circulating C1q-binding adiponectin complex to total-adiponectin ratio, without changes in body mass index, in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013; 99:e14-7. [PMID: 23142017 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We measured circulating C1q-binding adiponectin (C1q-APN) levels before and after 3-month treatment with pioglitazone in people with type 2 diabetes. The results indicate 3-month treatment with pioglitazone reduces circulating levels of C1q-APN/total-adiponectin ratio without changes in body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Nakatsuji
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Liu T, Korantzopoulos P, Li G. Antioxidant therapies for the management of atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2012; 2:298-307. [PMID: 24282730 PMCID: PMC3839156 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2012.10.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in clinical practice, representing a major public health problem. Recent evidence suggests oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis and perpetuation of AF. In the past few years, experimental data and clinical evidence have tested the concept of antioxidant therapies to prevent AF. Besides statins, ACE-inhibitors (ACEIs) and/or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, several other interventions with antioxidant properties, such as Vitamin C and E, thiazolidinediones, N-acetylcysteine, probucol, nitric oxide donors or precursors, NADPH oxidase inhibitors, Xanthine oxidase inhibitors have emerged as novel strategies for the management of AF. We aim to review recent evidence regarding antioxidant therapies in the prevention and treatment of atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Guangping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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