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Pan L, She H, Hu Y, Liu L, Wang H, Zhu L. Toll-like receptor 4 deficiency affects the balance of osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis in periodontitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112500. [PMID: 38889511 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) acts as a double-edged sword in the occurrence and development of periodontitis. While the activation of TLR4 in macrophages aids in clearing local pathogens, it can also disrupt innate immune responses, upsetting microecological balance and accelerating the destruction of periodontal bone tissues. To date, the effects of TLR4 on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in periodontitis have not been comprehensively studied. In this study, we investigated the development of periodontitis in the Tlr4-/- mice by ligating their second molars with silk threads. Compared to wild-type (WT) mice, Tlr4-/- mice demonstrated increased resistance to periodontitis-associated bone destruction, as evidenced by decreased bone resorption and enhanced bone regeneration. Mechanistically, the deletion of Tlr4 not only inhibited osteoclast formation by reducing the expression of NFATc1, CTSK and TRAP, but also enhanced osteogenic abilities through increased expression of OCN, OPN and RUNX2. In conclusion, TLR4 tips the balance of osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis, thereby promoting periodontal bone destruction in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Pan
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - He She
- Department of Stomatology, Taizhou Fourth People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Laikui Liu
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Lifang Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Tabatabaei FS, Shafeghat M, Azimi A, Akrami A, Rezaei N. Endosomal Toll-Like Receptors intermediate negative impacts of viral diseases, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory immune responses on the cardiovascular system. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39137281 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2024.2392815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity globally, with chronic inflammation as a key modifiable risk factor. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), pivotal components of the innate immune system, including TLR-3, -7, -8, and -9 within endosomes, trigger intracellular cascades, leading to inflammatory cytokine production by various cell types, contributing to systemic inflammation and atherosclerosis. Recent research highlights the role of endosomal TLRs in recognizing self-derived nucleic acids during sterile inflammation, implicated in autoimmune conditions like myocarditis. AREAS COVERED This review explores the impact of endosomal TLRs on viral infections, autoimmunity, and inflammatory responses, shedding light on their intricate involvement in cardiovascular health and disease by examining literature on TLR-mediated mechanisms and their roles in CVD pathophysiology. EXPERT OPINION Removal of endosomal TLRs mitigates myocardial damage and immune reactions, applicable in myocardial injury. Targeting TLRs with agonists enhances innate immunity against fatal viruses, lowering viral loads and mortality. Prophylactic TLR agonist administration upregulates TLRs, protecting against fatal viruses and improving survival. TLRs play a complex role in CVDs like atherosclerosis and myocarditis, with therapeutic potential in modulating TLR reactions for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadat Tabatabaei
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Shafeghat
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirali Azimi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashley Akrami
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Liu Y, Wu Y, Wang C, Hu W, Zou S, Ren H, Zuo Y, Qu L. MiR-127-3p enhances macrophagic proliferation via disturbing fatty acid profiles and oxidative phosphorylation in atherosclerosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 193:36-52. [PMID: 38795767 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a chronic pathology, leading to acute coronary heart disease or stroke. MiR-127 has been found significantly upregulated in advanced atherosclerosis. But its function in atherosclerosis remains unexplored. We explored the role of miR-127-3p in regulating atherosclerosis development and its downstream mechanisms. METHODS The expression profile of miR-127 in carotid atherosclerotic plaques of 23 patients with severe carotid stenosis was detected by RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization. Primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) stimulated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein were used as an in vitro model. CCK-8, EdU, RT-qPCR, and flow cytometry were used to detect the proliferative capacity and polarization of BMDM, which were infected by lentivirus-carrying plasmid to upregulate or downregulate miR-127-3p expression, respectively. RNA sequencing combined with bioinformatic analysis and targeted fatty acid metabolomics approach were used to detect the transcriptome and lipid metabolites. The association between miR-127-3p and its target was verified by dual-luciferase activity reporting and Western blotting. Oxygen consumption rate of BMDM were detected using seahorse analysis. High-cholesterol-diet-fed low density lipoprotein deficient (LDLR-/-) mice, with-or-without carotid tandem-stenosis surgery, were treated with miR-127-3p agomir or antagomir to examine its effect on plaque development and stability. RESULTS miR-127-3p, not -5p, is elevated in human advanced carotid atheroma and its expression is positively associated with macrophage accummulation in plaques. In vitro, miR-127-3p-overexpressed macrophage exhibites increased proliferation capacity and facilitates M1 polariztion whereas the contrary trend is present in miR-127-3p-inhibited macrophage. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) is one potential target of miR-127-3p. miR-127-3p mimics decreases the activity of 3' untranslated regions of SCD-1. Furthermore, miR-127-3p downregulates SCD1 expression, and reversing the expression of SCD1 attenuates the increased proliferation induced by miR-127-3p overexpression in macrophage. miR-127-3p overexpression could also lead to decreased content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), increased content of acetyl CoA and increased level of oxidative phosphorylation. In vivo, miR-127-3p agomir significantly increases atherosclerosis progression, macrophage proliferation and decreases SCD1 expression and the content of UFAs in aortic plaques of LDLR-/- mice. Conversely, miR-127-3p antagomir attenuated atherosclerosis, macrophage proliferation in LDLR-/- mice, and enhanced carotid plaque stability in mice with vulnerable plaque induced. CONCLUSION MiR-127-3p enhances proliferation in macrophages through downregulating SCD-1 expression and decreasing the content of unsaturated fatty acid, thereby promoting atherosclerosis development and decreasing plaque stability. miR-127-3p/SCD1/UFAs might provide potential therapeutic target for anti-inflammation and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, 905th Hospital of PLA NAVY, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yicheng Wu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Weilin Hu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Sili Zou
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Huiqiong Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, 905th Hospital of PLA NAVY, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yong Zuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lefeng Qu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to the Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
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Sumi S, Takegami Y, Tokutake K, Nakashima H, Mishima K, Takatsu T, Imagama S. Risk factors of periprosthetic joint infection after hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fracture in the elderly: Analysis of 1619 cases in the multicenter database. Injury 2024; 55:111603. [PMID: 38761711 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This multicenter retrospective study focuses on understanding the incidence, causative bacteria, and risk factors for Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) following hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures (FNF). METHODS From 2016 to 2020, 1,619 patients were diagnosed with displaced FNFs and treated surgically across 11 centers. After exclusions, 1,438 patients (399 men and 1,039 women) were included in the study, averaging 82.1 years in age and 20.2 kg/m² in BMI, observed over 25.7 months on average. Data on demographics, medical history, surgical details, and complications were described. RESULTS PJI occurred in 20 of the 1438 patients (1.4%). The causative organism was methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in 6 patients and methicillin-resistant S. aureus in 6 patients. In patients' backgrounds, the average age was slightly higher in the non-PJI group (82.1 years) compared to the PJI group (80.4 years). There was a higher percentage of males in the PJI group (45%) than in the non-PJI group (27.5%). Drug history showed that the prevalence of anticoagulant use in the PJI group was 25%. Peripheral vascular disease and diabetes mellitus were more prevalent in the PJI group. Most patients in both groups were independent in daily activities. The blood transfusion rate was significantly higher in the PJI group (50%) than in the non-PJI group (23.8%). Notably, the incidence of hematoma was higher in the PJI group (40%). CONCLUSION This multicenter retrospective study demonstrates a low incidence (1.4%) of PJI in elderly patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty for FNF, primarily due to Staphylococcus aureus. Increased usage of antiplatelets and anticoagulants, as well as comorbidities related to atherosclerosis, like peripheral vascular disease and diabetes mellitus, were observed in patients with PJI. Additionally, these patients experienced higher rates of blood transfusion and postoperative hematomas, highlighting the need for careful management. It should be noted, however, that this finding is a conclusion limited by study design issues, including the retrospective design, small PJI sample size, and variability in treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Sumi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Takegami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiro Tokutake
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenichi Mishima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Takatsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu Prefectural Tajimi Hospital, Tajimi, Japan
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Uygun H, Varan C, Erdem N, Yavuz S, Turgut M. The relationship between Brucella infection and aortic stiffness in children. North Clin Istanb 2024; 11:234-240. [PMID: 39005752 PMCID: PMC11237829 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2023.56198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, it was aimed to show whether Brucella infection, which causes various cardiovascular complications in children, can lead to an increase in aortic stiffness with a noninvasive method, echocardiography. METHODS Children who were diagnosed with Brucella infection and who had tachycardia, chest pain and murmur that were not related to body temperature increase during the treatment were evaluated cardiologically and had echocardiographic examination, were included in the study. Aortic strain, aortic distensibility measurement results and aortic stiffness index of the patients in the patient and control groups were calculated. RESULTS Our study included 53 cases with a mean age of 11.43±4.13 years in the patient group and 68 cases with a mean age of 10.16±3.61 years in the control group. We found that systolic blood pressure was lower in the patient group than in the control group (p=0.014). In the analysis of laboratory parameters, blood glucose level was found to be significantly higher in the patient group (p=0.001). In the statistical evaluation of aortic strain, aortic stiffness index and aortic distensibility measurement results between the patient and control groups, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups (p=0.287, p=0.784, p=0.208). CONCLUSION In our study, where we tried to show a new parameter that could contribute to the increase in aortic stiffness, the results showed that Brucella infection was not a factor that increased aortic stiffness in the pediatric age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Uygun
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Adiyaman University Training and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkiye
| | - Celal Varan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Adiyaman University Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman, Turkiye
| | - Nurettin Erdem
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Adiyaman University Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman, Turkiye
| | - Sibel Yavuz
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Adiyaman University Training and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkiye
| | - Mehmet Turgut
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Adiyaman University Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman, Turkiye
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Zheng Z, Li K, Yang Z, Wang X, Shen C, Zhang Y, Lu H, Yin Z, Sha M, Ye J, Zhu L. Transcriptomic analysis reveals molecular characterization and immune landscape of PANoptosis-related genes in atherosclerosis. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:961-978. [PMID: 38587531 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by abnormal lipid deposition in the arteries. Programmed cell death is involved in the inflammatory response of atherosclerosis, but PANoptosis, as a new form of programmed cell death, is still unclear in atherosclerosis. This study explored the key PANoptosis-related genes involved in atherosclerosis and their potential mechanisms through bioinformatics analysis. METHODS We evaluated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and immune infiltration landscape in atherosclerosis using microarray datasets and bioinformatics analysis. By intersecting PANoptosis-related genes from the GeneCards database with DEGs, we obtained a set of PANoptosis-related genes in atherosclerosis (PANoDEGs). Functional enrichment analysis of PANoDEGs was performed and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of PANoDEGs was established. The machine learning algorithms were used to identify the key PANoDEGs closely linked to atherosclerosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the diagnostic potency of key PANoDEGs. CIBERSORT was used to analyze the immune infiltration patterns in atherosclerosis, and the Spearman method was used to study the relationship between key PANoDEGs and immune infiltration abundance. The single gene enrichment analysis of key PANoDEGs was investigated by GSEA. The transcription factors and target miRNAs of key PANoDEGs were predicted by Cytoscape and online database, respectively. The expression of key PANoDEGs was validated through animal and cell experiments. RESULTS PANoDEGs in atherosclerosis were significantly enriched in apoptotic process, pyroptosis, necroptosis, cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis. Four key PANoDEGs (ZBP1, SNHG6, DNM1L, and AIM2) were found to be closely related to atherosclerosis. The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the key PANoDEGs had a strong diagnostic potential in distinguishing atherosclerotic samples from control samples. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that the proportion of initial B cells, plasma cells, CD4 memory resting T cells, and M1 macrophages was significantly higher in atherosclerotic tissues compared to normal tissues. Spearman analysis showed that key PANoDEGs showed strong correlations with immune cells such as T cells, macrophages, plasma cells, and mast cells. The regulatory networks of the four key PANoDEGs were established. The expression of key PANoDEGs was verified in further cell and animal experiments. CONCLUSIONS This study evaluated the expression changes of PANoptosis-related genes in atherosclerosis, providing a reference direction for the study of PANoptosis in atherosclerosis and offering potential new avenues for further understanding the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaiyuan Li
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Huimin Lu
- Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225399, China
| | - Zhifeng Yin
- Jiangsu Hanjiang Biotechnology Co., LTD, Taizhou, 225399, China
| | - Min Sha
- Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225399, China.
| | - Jun Ye
- Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225399, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225399, China.
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7
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Hou Y, Fan Y, Cheng Y, Peng X, Shan C, Yang Y. Comparative Analysis of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Liraglutide and Dulaglutide. Int Heart J 2024; 65:548-556. [PMID: 38749748 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.23-576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a pathophysiological role in atherosclerosis and its clinical consequences. In addition to glycemic control, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are of wide concern for cardioprotective effects. The structure, half-life, homology, and clinical efficacy of GLP-1RAs exhibit remarkable disparity. Several studies have compared the disparities in anti-inflammatory effects between daily and weekly GLP-1RAs. This study aimed to compare the similarities and differences between liraglutide and dulaglutide in terms of inhibiting atherosclerotic inflammation and improving co-cultured endothelial cell function. The expression of inflammation markers was examined by immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and real-time PCR. The tube-forming ability of endothelial cells was tested on Matrigel. The results verify that 10/50/100 nmol/L liraglutide and 100 nmol/L dulaglutide markedly suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors in LPS-induced atherosclerosis after 24 and 72 hours, respectively. Moreover, they promoted the polarization of M1 macrophages toward the M2 phenotype and improved the function of co-cultured endothelial cells. Both liraglutide and dulaglutide ameliorate atherosclerosis development. The difference between the two resided in the extended intervention duration required to observe the effect of dulaglutide, and liraglutide demonstrated a superior dose-dependent manner. We provide a potential strategy to understand the dynamics of drug action and possible timing administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Yini Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Yuan Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Xiaoyue Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Chunyan Shan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Yanhui Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University
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8
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Zhang X, Shi Y, Li T, Chang K, Gan Y, Feng Y, Zhou X. Causal association between helicobacter pylori and atherosclerosis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:161. [PMID: 38491418 PMCID: PMC10941435 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03823-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), according to a number of recent observational studies, is connected to atherosclerosis (AS). However, the link between H. pylori and AS is debatable. METHODS In order to calculate the causal relationship between H. pylori and AS, we employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The data for H. pylori were obtained from the IEU GWAS database ( https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk/datasets/ ) and the data for AS were obtained from the Finngen GWAS database ( https://r5.finngen.fi/ ). We selected single nucleotide polymorphisms with a threshold of 5 × 10-6 from earlier genome-wide association studies. MR was performed mainly using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. To ensure the reliability of the findings, We performed a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis to test for sensitivity. F-value was used to test weak instrument. RESULTS A positive causal relationship between H. pylori OMP antibody levels and peripheral atherosclerosis was shown by our two-sample MR analysis (odds ratio (OR) = 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14-1.54, P = 0.26E-03) using IVW. Additionally, there was a causative link between coronary atherosclerosis and H. pylori VacA antibody levels (IVW OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01-1.10, P = 0.016). All the F-values were above 10. CONCLUSIONS This MR study discovered a causal link between H. pylori and AS. Different antibodies have different effects, so future researches are needed to figure out the exact mechanisms behind this link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tielin Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Chang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongyan Gan
- Meishan Shi Pengshan Qu Chinese Medicine Hospital, Meishan, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xianhua Zhou
- Meishan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, China.
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9
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Shen T, Li Y, Liu T, Lian Y, Kong L. Association between Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, high‑density lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular health (Review). Biomed Rep 2024; 20:39. [PMID: 38357242 PMCID: PMC10865299 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infection, high-density lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease is an emerging research area. The present review summarizes the basic characteristics of M. pneumoniae infection and its association with high-density lipoprotein and cardiovascular health. M. pneumoniae primarily invades the respiratory tract and damages the cardiovascular system through various mechanisms including adhesion, invasion, secretion of metabolites, production of autoantibodies and stimulation of cytokine production. Additionally, the present review highlights the potential role of high-density lipoprotein for the development of prevention and intervention of M. pneumoniae infection and cardiovascular disease, and provides suggestions for future research directions and clinical practice. It is urgent to explore the specific mechanisms underlying the association between M. pneumoniae infection, high-density lipoprotein metabolism, and cardiovascular disease and analyze the roles of the immune system and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhi Lian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Luke Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
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10
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Ciarambino T, Crispino P, Minervini G, Giordano M. Role of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Pathogenesis, Evolution, and Complication of Atherosclerotic Plaque. Biomedicines 2024; 12:400. [PMID: 38398002 PMCID: PMC10886498 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic management of atherosclerosis focuses almost exclusively on the reduction of plasma cholesterol levels. An important role in the genesis and evolution of atherosclerosis is played by chronic inflammation in promoting thrombosis phenomena after atheroma rupture. This review aims to take stock of the knowledge so far accumulated on the role of endemic HP infection in atherosclerosis. The studies produced so far have demonstrated a causal relationship between Helicobacter pylori (HP) and CVD. In a previous study, we demonstrated in HP-positive patients that thrombin and plasma fragment 1 + 2 production was proportionally related to tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and that eradication of the infection resulted in a reduction of inflammation. At the end of our review, we can state that HP slightly affects the risk of CVD, particularly if the infection is associated with cytotoxic damage, and HP screening could have a clinically significant role in patients with a high risk of CVD. Considering the high prevalence of HP infection, an infection screening could be of great clinical utility in patients at high risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ciarambino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Marcianise, ASL Caserta, 81037 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pietro Crispino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Latina, ASL Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Minervini
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Lagonegro, AOR San Carlo, 85042 Lagonegro, Italy;
| | - Mauro Giordano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy;
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11
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CHANG F, ZHOU P, LI G, ZHANG W, ZHANG Y, PENG D, CHEN G. Taohong Siwu decoction ameliorates atherosclerosis in rats possibly through toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88/nuclear factor-κB signal pathway. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2024; 44:103-112. [PMID: 38213245 PMCID: PMC10774721 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20231215.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Taohong Siwu decoction (, TSD) on atherosclerosis in rats as well as investigate the underlying mechanism based on molecular docking. METHODS Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups with 10 rats in each group: control group, model group, atorvastatin group (AT, 2.0 mg/kg), and TSD groups (20, 10, 5 g/kg) after 7 d of acclimation. The model of atherosclerosis was successfully established except the control group by high fat diet (HFD) and vitamin D2. Biochemical analyzers were used to detect the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholestero (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipid-cholesterol (HDL-C) in blood lipid. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sudan IV staining and Hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE staining) were performed to observe the pathological changes in aortic tissue. Molecular docking technology was used to predict the best matching between the main components of TSD and the target proteins. The expression of target proteins was further detected by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. RESULTS The results showed that TSD restricted atherosclerosis development and decreased the inflammatory cytokines in plasma. Molecular docking results predicted that the main components of TSD showed a strong binding ability with toll-like receptor (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). The results of qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that the mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 in the aorta were reduced in atorvastatin group and TSD group. CONCLUSIONS TSD can ameliorate atherosclerosis in rats, and the underlying mechanism is supposed be related to the suppression of inflammatory response by regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjin CHANG
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Peng ZHOU
- 2 School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Guoying LI
- 2 School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Weizhi ZHANG
- 2 School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yanyan ZHANG
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Daiyin PENG
- 3 Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei 230012, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Guangliang CHEN
- 3 Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei 230012, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
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12
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Zhang H, Lu J, Gao J, Sha W, Cai X, Rouzi MRYM, Xu Y, Tang W, Lei T. Association of Monocyte-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio with Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2024; 2024:5287580. [PMID: 38239233 PMCID: PMC10796180 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5287580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims To explore the relationship between monocyte-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (MHR) and endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods 243 patients diagnosed with T2DM were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into two groups by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) quintile as nonendothelial dysfunction (FMD ≥ 6.4%) and endothelial dysfunction (FMD < 6.4%). The relationship between MHR and FMD was analyzed using Spearman's correlation, partial correlation, and multiple logistic regression analysis. ROC curve was fitted to evaluate the ability of MHR to predict endothelial dysfunction. Results Endothelial dysfunction was present in 193 (79%) patients. Patients with endothelial dysfunction had higher MHR (p < 0.05) than those without endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, MHR had a significantly positive correlation with endothelial dysfunction (r = 0.17, p < 0.05), and the positive association persisted even after controlling for confounding factors (r = 0.14, p < 0.05). Logistic regression showed that MHR was an independent contributor for endothelial dysfunction (OR: 1.35 (1.08, 1.70), p < 0.05) and the risk of endothelial dysfunction increases by 61% with each standard deviation increase in MHR (OR: 1.61 (1.12, 2.30), p < 0.05) (model 1). After adjusting for sex, age, BMI, disease course, hypertension, smoking, and drinking (model 2) as well as HbA1c, HOMA-IR, C-reactive protein, and TG (model 3), similar results were obtained. In ROC analysis, the area of under the ROC curve (AUC) for MHR was 0.60 (95% CI 0.52-0.69, p < 0.05). Conclusion MHR was independently associated with endothelial dysfunction in T2DM patients. It could be a new biomarker for vascular endothelial function assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Sha
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mai Re Yan Mu Rouzi
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanying Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Tang
- Heart Function Examination Room, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Hou J, Zheng Y, Gao C. Regulation of cellular senescence by innate immunity. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2023; 9:338-351. [PMID: 38524701 PMCID: PMC10960571 DOI: 10.52601/bpr.2023.230032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the interplay between the processes of immunity and senescence is drawing more and more intensive attention. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces senescence in lung cells, failure to clear infected cells and increased presence of inflammatory factors could lead to a cytokine storm and acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS), which together with aging and age-associated disease lead to 70% of COVID-19-related deaths. Studies on how senescence initiates upon viral infection and how to restrict excessive accumulation of senescent cells to avoid harmful inflammation are crucially important. Senescence can induce innate immune signaling, and innate immunity can engage cell senescence. Here, we mainly review the innate immune pathways, such as cGAS-STING, TLRs, NF-κB, and NLRP3 inflammasome, participating in the senescence process. In these pathways, IFN-I and inflammatory factors play key roles. At the end of the review, we propose the strategies by which we can improve the immune function and reduce inflammation based on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Immunology, the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Immunology, the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Immunology, the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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14
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Wang Y, Bai L, Li X, Yi F, Hou H. Fibrinogen-to-Albumin Ratio and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Large Artery Atherosclerosis Stroke. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030837. [PMID: 38063159 PMCID: PMC10863775 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR), a novel inflammatory marker, is considered to be a prognostic marker in vascular diseases. However, the association of FAR with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) stroke is still unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the association between FAR levels and clinical outcomes in patients with acute LAA stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 809 patients within 72 hours of LAA stroke were included and followed up to 1 year. FAR was calculated as fibrinogen (g/L)/albumin (g/L). The associations of FAR with clinical outcomes were assessed by multivariate Cox regression or logistic regression analysis. Clinical outcomes included stroke recurrence, all-cause death, poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 3-6), and dependence (modified Rankin Scale score 3-5). Among the 809 patients with acute LAA stroke, the median FAR was 0.075 (interquartile range, 0.064-0.087). At 1 year, 103 (12.7%) patients had stroke recurrence, 105 (13.0%) had poor functional outcome, 76 (9.8%) had dependence, and 29 (3.6%) had died. After adjusting for all confounding risk factors, a high FAR level was associated with stroke recurrence (hazard ratio, 2.57 [95% CI, 1.32-5.02]), poor functional outcome (odds ratio, 3.30 [95% CI, 1.57-6.94]), and dependence (odds ratio, 3.49 [95% CI, 1.49-8.19]). CONCLUSIONS A high FAR level was associated with an increased risk of stroke recurrence, poor functional outcome, and dependence in patients with acute LAA stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei NeurologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Lin Bai
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei NeurologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei NeurologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Fei Yi
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei NeurologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Huiqing Hou
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
- Key Laboratory of Hebei NeurologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
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15
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Candelli M, Franza L, Cianci R, Pignataro G, Merra G, Piccioni A, Ojetti V, Gasbarrini A, Franceschi F. The Interplay between Helicobacter pylori and Gut Microbiota in Non-Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Special Focus on Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17520. [PMID: 38139349 PMCID: PMC10744166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the early 1980s by Nobel Prize winners in medicine Robin Warren and Barry Marshall led to a revolution in physiopathology and consequently in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Subsequently, H. pylori has also been linked to non-gastrointestinal diseases, such as autoimmune thrombocytopenia, acne rosacea, and Raynaud's syndrome. In addition, several studies have shown an association with cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Our narrative review aims to investigate the connection between H. pylori infection, gut microbiota, and extra-gastric diseases, with a particular emphasis on atherosclerosis. We conducted an extensive search on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, using the keywords "H. pylori", "dysbiosis", "microbiota", "atherosclerosis", "cardiovascular disease" in the last ten years. Atherosclerosis is a complex condition in which the arteries thicken or harden due to plaque deposits in the inner lining of an artery and is associated with several cardiovascular diseases. Recent research has highlighted the role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of this group of diseases. H. pylori is able to both directly influence the onset of atherosclerosis and negatively modulate the microbiota. H. pylori is an important factor in promoting atherosclerosis. Progress is being made in understanding the underlying mechanisms, which could open the way to interesting new therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Candelli
- Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCS of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.F.); (G.P.); (A.P.); (V.O.); (F.F.)
| | - Laura Franza
- Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCS of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.F.); (G.P.); (A.P.); (V.O.); (F.F.)
| | - Rossella Cianci
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giulia Pignataro
- Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCS of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.F.); (G.P.); (A.P.); (V.O.); (F.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Merra
- Biomedicine and Prevention Department, Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Piccioni
- Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCS of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.F.); (G.P.); (A.P.); (V.O.); (F.F.)
| | - Veronica Ojetti
- Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCS of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.F.); (G.P.); (A.P.); (V.O.); (F.F.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Medical, Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Science Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCS of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Franceschi
- Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCS of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.F.); (G.P.); (A.P.); (V.O.); (F.F.)
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16
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Niknejad A, Hosseini Y, Shamsnia HS, Kashani AS, Rostamian F, Momtaz S, Abdolghaffari AH. Sodium Glucose Transporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT2Is)-TLRs Axis Modulates Diabetes. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:599-613. [PMID: 37658280 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes affects millions of people worldwide and is mainly associated with impaired insulin function. To date, various oral anti-diabetic drugs have been developed, of which, the sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is) are of the most recent classes that have been introduced. They differ from other classes in terms of their novel mechanism of actions and unique beneficial effects rather than just lowering glucose levels. SGLT2Is can protect body against cardiovascular events and kidney diseases even in non-diabetic individuals. SGLT2Is participate in immune cell activation, oxidative stress reduction, and inflammation mediation, thereby, moderating diabetic complications. In addition, toll like receptors (TLRs) are the intermediators of the immune system and inflammatory process, thus it's believed to play crucial roles in diabetic complications, particularly the ones that are related to inflammatory reactions. SGLT2Is are also effective against diabetic complications via their anti-inflammatory and oxidative properties. Given the anti-inflammatory properties of TLRs and SGLT2Is, this review investigates how SGLT2Is can affect the TLR pathway, and whether this could be favorable toward diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Niknejad
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasamin Hosseini
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedieh Sadat Shamsnia
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayeh Sabbagh Kashani
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rostamian
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Zhou Y, Cai H, Huang L, Wang M, Liu R, Wang S, Qin Y, Yao C, Hu Z. Microarray Expression Profile and Bioinformatic Analysis of Circular RNA in Human Arteriosclerosis Obliterans. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2023; 16:913-924. [PMID: 37899885 PMCID: PMC10612483 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s424359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) is the leading cause of nontraumatic lower-extremity amputations. Multiple researches have suggested that circular RNAs (circRNAs) played vital regulatory functions in cancer and cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, the underlying effect and pathological mechanism of circRNAs in the formation and progression of ASO are still indistinct. Methods and Results This study used microarray analysis to investigate the expression portrait of circRNAs in normal lower extremity arteries and ASO arteries. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted using the KEGG database to study the enrichment of differentially expressed circRNAs (DE circRNAs) and predict their functions. The accuracy of microarray assay was verified by evaluating expression of the top 5 upregulated and 5 downregulated circRNAs (raw density of normal group ≥200) using RT-qPCR. A circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network was further predicted using software. Compared to the normal lower extremity group, the ASO arteries with HE and EVG staining presented hyperplastic fibrous membrane and luminal stenosis. A total of 12,735 circRNAs were identified, including 1196 DE circRNAs with 276 upregulated and 920 downregulated in ASO group based on |log2(FC)| > 1 and padj < 0.05. Among selected 10 circRNAs, RT-qPCR confirmed that hsa_circ_0003266, hsa_circ_0118936 and hsa_circ_0067161 were upregulated while hsa_circ_0091934 and hsa_circ_0092022 were downregulated in ASO group (p < 0.05). GO analysis presented that the DE circRNAs were primarily enriched in protein binding, intracellular part and organelle organization. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that MAPK signaling pathway, human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection, proteoglycans in cancer were associated with the DE circRNAs. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactive network revealed that both mRNAs and miRNAs linked to circRNAs played an indispensable role in ASO. Conclusion This study described the expression portrait of circRNAs in human ASO arteries, and revealed the molecular background for further investigations of the circRNA regulatory mechanism in the formation and progression of ASO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huoying Cai
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Huang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingshan Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiming Liu
- Laboratory of Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siwen Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuansen Qin
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Yao
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuojun Hu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Xue S, Su Z, Liu D. Immunometabolism and immune response regulate macrophage function in atherosclerosis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:101993. [PMID: 37379970 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are crucial in the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In the atherosclerotic lesions, macrophages play a central role in maintaining inflammatory response, promoting plaque development, and facilitating thrombosis. Increasing studies indicate that metabolic reprogramming and immune response mediate macrophage functional changes in all stages of atherosclerosis. In this review article, we explain how metabolic changes in glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, and cholesterol metabolism regulate macrophage function in atherosclerosis. We discuss how immune response to oxidized lipids regulate macrophage function in atherosclerosis. Additionally, we explore how abnormal metabolism leads to macrophage mitochondrial dysfunction in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xue
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003 China.
| | - Zhe Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Dacheng Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003 China
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19
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Liu H, Wang H, Li Q, Wang Y, He Y, Li X, Sun C, Ergonul O, Can F, Pang Z, Zhang B, Hu Y. LPS adsorption and inflammation alleviation by polymyxin B-modified liposomes for atherosclerosis treatment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3817-3833. [PMID: 37719368 PMCID: PMC10501887 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is critical in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis (AS). The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level in the circulation system is elevated in AS patients and animal models, which is correlated with the severity of AS. Inspired by the underlying mechanism that LPS could drive the polarization of macrophages toward the M1 phenotype, aggravate inflammation, and ultimately contribute to the exacerbation of AS, LPS in the circulation system was supposed to be the therapeutic target for AS treatment. In the present study, polymyxin (PMB) covalently conjugated to PEGylated liposomes (PLPs) were formulated to adsorb LPS through specific interactions between PMB and LPS. In vitro, the experiments demonstrated that PLPs could adsorb LPS, reduce the polarization of macrophages to M1 phenotype and inhibit the formation of foam cells. In vivo, the study revealed that PLPs treatment reduced the serum levels of LPS and pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreased the proportion of M1-type macrophages in AS plaque, stabilized AS plaque, and downsized the plaque burdens in arteries, which eventually attenuated the progression of AS. Our study highlighted LPS in the circulation system as the therapeutic target for AS and provided an alternative strategy for AS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Liu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Honglan Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qiyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ying He
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuejing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Onder Ergonul
- Koç University Iş Bank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID), Lnfectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Koç University School of Medicine and American Hospital, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Füsun Can
- Koç University Iş Bank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID), Lnfectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Koç University School of Medicine and American Hospital, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Dileepan KN, Raveendran VV, Sharma R, Abraham H, Barua R, Singh V, Sharma R, Sharma M. Mast cell-mediated immune regulation in health and disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1213320. [PMID: 37663654 PMCID: PMC10470157 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1213320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are important components of the immune system, and they perform pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory roles in the complex process of immune regulation in health and disease. Because of their strategic perivascular localization, sensitivity and adaptability to the microenvironment, and ability to release a variety of preformed and newly synthesized effector molecules, mast cells perform unique functions in almost all organs. Additionally, Mast cells express a wide range of surface and cytoplasmic receptors which enable them to respond to a variety of cytokines, chemicals, and pathogens. The mast cell's role as a cellular interface between external and internal environments as well as between vasculature and tissues is critical for protection and repair. Mast cell interactions with different immune and nonimmune cells through secreted inflammatory mediators may also turn in favor of disease promoting agents. First and forefront, mast cells are well recognized for their multifaceted functions in allergic diseases. Reciprocal communication between mast cells and endothelial cells in the presence of bacterial toxins in chronic/sub-clinical infections induce persistent vascular inflammation. We have shown that mast cell proteases and histamine induce endothelial inflammatory responses that are synergistically amplified by bacterial toxins. Mast cells have been shown to exacerbate vascular changes in normal states as well as in chronic or subclinical infections, particularly among cigarette smokers. Furthermore, a potential role of mast cells in SARS-CoV-2-induced dysfunction of the capillary-alveolar interface adds to the growing understanding of mast cells in viral infections. The interaction between mast cells and microglial cells in the brain further highlights their significance in neuroinflammation. This review highlights the significant role of mast cells as the interface that acts as sensor and early responder through interactions with cells in systemic organs and the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kottarappat N. Dileepan
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Vineesh V. Raveendran
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Harita Abraham
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Rajat Barua
- Cardiology Section, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Vikas Singh
- Neurology Section, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Ram Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation (MVBRF), Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas, MO, United States
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21
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Panzer B, Kopp CW, Neumayer C, Koppensteiner R, Jozkowicz A, Poledniczek M, Gremmel T, Jilma B, Wadowski PP. Toll-like Receptors as Pro-Thrombotic Drivers in Viral Infections: A Narrative Review. Cells 2023; 12:1865. [PMID: 37508529 PMCID: PMC10377790 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a critical role in the pathogenesis and disease course of viral infections. The induced pro-inflammatory responses result in the disturbance of the endovascular surface layer and impair vascular homeostasis. The injury of the vessel wall further promotes pro-thrombotic and pro-coagulatory processes, eventually leading to micro-vessel plugging and tissue necrosis. Moreover, TLRs have a direct role in the sensing of viruses and platelet activation. TLR-mediated upregulation of von Willebrand factor release and neutrophil, as well as macrophage extra-cellular trap formation, further contribute to (micro-) thrombotic processes during inflammation. The following review focuses on TLR signaling pathways of TLRs expressed in humans provoking pro-thrombotic responses, which determine patient outcome during viral infections, especially in those with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Panzer
- Department of Cardiology, Wilhelminenspital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph W Kopp
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Neumayer
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Koppensteiner
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michael Poledniczek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Gremmel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Interventional Cardiology, Karl Landsteiner Society, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, 2130 Mistelbach, Austria
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia P Wadowski
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Afzoon S, Amiri MA, Mohebbi M, Hamedani S, Farshidfar N. A systematic review of the impact of Porphyromonas gingivalis on foam cell formation: Implications for the role of periodontitis in atherosclerosis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:481. [PMID: 37442956 PMCID: PMC10347812 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current literature suggests the significant role of foam cells in the initiation of atherosclerosis through the formation of a necrotic core in atherosclerotic plaques. Moreover, an important periodontal pathogen called Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is indicated to play a significant role in this regard. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to comprehensively study the pathways by which P. gingivalis as a prominent bacterial species in periodontal disease, can induce foam cells that would initiate the process of atherosclerosis formation. METHODS An electronic search was undertaken in three databases (Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science) to identify the studies published from January 2000 until March 2023. The risk of bias in each study was also assessed using the QUIN risk of bias assessment tool. RESULTS After the completion of the screening process, 11 in-vitro studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for further assessments. Nine of these studies represented a medium risk of bias, while the other two had a high risk of bias. All of the studies have reported that P. gingivalis can significantly induce foam cell formation by infecting the macrophages and induction of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) uptake. This process is activated through various mediators and pathways. The most important factors in this regard are the lipopolysaccharide of P. gingivalis and its outer membrane vesicles, as well as the changes in the expression rate of transmembrane lipid transportation channels, including transient receptor potential channel of the vanilloid subfamily 4 (TRPV4), lysosomal integral protein 2 (LIMP2), CD36, etc. The identified molecular pathways involved in this process include but are not limited to NF-κB, ERK1/2, p65. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that P. gingivalis can effectively promote foam cell formation through various pathogenic elements and this bacterial species can affect the expression rate of various genes and the function of specific receptors in the cellular and lysosomal membranes. However, due to the moderate to high level of risk of bias among the studies, further studies are required in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Afzoon
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Amiri
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Mohebbi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahram Hamedani
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nima Farshidfar
- Orthodontic Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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23
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Zheng Z, Yuan D, Shen C, Zhang Z, Ye J, Zhu L. Identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers of atherosclerosis based on bioinformatics strategy. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:100. [PMID: 37173673 PMCID: PMC10176947 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01531-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is the main pathological change in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and its underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The aim of this study was to explore the hub genes involved in atherosclerosis and their potential mechanisms through bioinformatics analysis. METHODS Three microarray datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) identified robust differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by robust rank aggregation (RRA). We performed connectivity map (CMap) analysis and functional enrichment analysis on robust DEGs and constructed a protein‒protein interaction (PPI) network using the STRING database to identify the hub gene using 12 algorithms of cytoHubba in Cytoscape. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the diagnostic potency of the hub genes.The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to perform immunocyte infiltration analysis and explore the association between the identified biomarkers and infiltrating immunocytes using Spearman's rank correlation analysis in R software. Finally, we evaluated the expression of the hub gene in foam cells. RESULTS A total of 155 robust DEGs were screened by RRA and were revealed to be mainly associated with cytokines and chemokines by functional enrichment analysis. CD52 and IL1RN were identified as hub genes and were validated in the GSE40231 dataset. Immunocyte infiltration analysis showed that CD52 was positively correlated with gamma delta T cells, M1 macrophages and CD4 memory resting T cells, while IL1RN was positively correlated with monocytes and activated mast cells. RT-qPCR results indicate that CD52 and IL1RN were highly expressed in foam cells, in agreement with bioinformatics analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study has established that CD52 and IL1RN may play a key role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, which opens new lines of thought for further research on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dong Yuan
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
- The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.
- The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China.
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24
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Gusev E, Sarapultsev A. Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097910. [PMID: 37175617 PMCID: PMC10178362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from a general pathology perspective, particularly with regard to atherogenesis patterns in the context of both canonical and non-classical inflammation types. In this review, we analyze various typical phenomena and outcomes of cellular pro-inflammatory stress in atherosclerosis, as well as the role of endothelial dysfunction in local and systemic manifestations of low-grade inflammation. We also present the features of immune mechanisms in the development of productive inflammation in stable and unstable plaques, along with their similarities and differences compared to canonical inflammation. There are numerous factors that act as inducers of the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis, including vascular endothelium aging, metabolic dysfunctions, autoimmune, and in some cases, infectious damage factors. Life-critical complications of atherosclerosis, such as cardiogenic shock and severe strokes, are associated with the development of acute systemic hyperinflammation. Additionally, critical atherosclerotic ischemia of the lower extremities induces paracoagulation and the development of chronic systemic inflammation. Conversely, sepsis, other critical conditions, and severe systemic chronic diseases contribute to atherogenesis. In summary, atherosclerosis can be characterized as an independent form of inflammation, sharing similarities but also having fundamental differences from low-grade inflammation and various variants of canonical inflammation (classic vasculitis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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Zhou Y, Liu C, Zhang Z, Chen J, Zhao D, Li L, Tong M, Zhang G. Identification and validation of diagnostic biomarkers of coronary artery disease progression in type 1 diabetes via integrated computational and bioinformatics strategies. Comput Biol Med 2023; 159:106940. [PMID: 37075605 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to identify early peripheral blood diagnostic biomarkers and elucidate the immune mechanisms of coronary artery disease (CAD) progression in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS Three transcriptome datasets were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Gene modules associated with T1DM were selected with weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CAD and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) peripheral blood tissues were identified using limma. Candidate biomarkers were selected with functional enrichment analysis, node gene selection from a constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and 3 machine learning algorithms. Candidate expression was compared, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and nomogram were constructed. Immune cell infiltration was assessed with the CIBERSORT algorithm. RESULTS A total of 1283 genes comprising 2 modules were detected as the most associated with T1DM. In addition, 451 DEGs related to CAD progression were identified. Among them, 182 were common to both diseases and mainly enriched in immune and inflammatory response regulation. The PPI network yielded 30 top node genes, and 6 were selected using the 3 machine learning algorithms. Upon validation, 4 genes (TLR2, CLEC4D, IL1R2, and NLRC4) were recognized as diagnostic biomarkers with the area under the curve (AUC) > 0.7. All 4 genes were positively correlated with neutrophils in patients with AMI. CONCLUSION We identified 4 peripheral blood biomarkers and provided a nomogram for early diagnosing CAD progression to AMI in patients with T1DM. The biomarkers were positively associated with neutrophils, indicating potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Zhou
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunjiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Zhongzheng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Linnan Li
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mingyue Tong
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, China.
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, China.
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Liu M, Yang Y, Zhu W, Wu J, Yu X, Li W. Specific TLR-mediated HSP70 activation plays a potential role in host defense against the intestinal parasite Giardia duodenalis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1120048. [PMID: 36937289 PMCID: PMC10017776 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1120048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis, an important flagellated noninvasive protozoan parasite, infects the upper small intestine and causes a disease termed giardiasis globally. Few members of the heat shock protein (HSP) family have been shown to function as potential defenders against microbial pathogens, while such information is lacking for Giardia. Here we initially screened and indicated that in vitro Giardia challenge induced a marked early upregulation of HSP70 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). As noted previously, apoptotic resistance, nitric oxide (NO)-dependent cytostatic effect and parasite clearance, and epithelial barrier integrity represent effective anti-Giardia host defense mechanisms. We then explored the function of HSP70 in modulating apoptosis, NO release, and tight junction (TJ) protein levels in Giardia-IEC interactions. HSP70 inhibition by quercetin promoted Giardia-induced IEC apoptosis, viability decrease, NO release reduction, and ZO-1 and occludin downregulation, while the agonist celastrol could reverse these Giardia-evoked effects. The results demonstrated that HSP70 played a previously unrecognized and important role in regulating anti-Giardia host defense via attenuating apoptosis, promoting cell survival, and maintaining NO and TJ levels. Owing to the significance of apoptotic resistance among those defense-related factors mentioned earlier, we then elucidated the anti-apoptotic mechanism of HSP70. It was evident that HSP70 could negatively regulate apoptosis in an intrinsic way via direct inhibition of Apaf-1 or ROS-Bax/Bcl-2-Apaf-1 axis, and in an extrinsic way via cIAP2-mediated inhibition of RIP1 activity. Most importantly, it was confirmed that HSP70 exerted its host defense function by downregulating apoptosis via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation, upregulating NO release via TLR4/TLR2 activation, and upregulating TJ protein expression via TLR2 activation. HSP70 represented a checkpoint regulator providing the crucial link between specific TLR activation and anti-Giardia host defense responses. Strikingly, independent of the checkpoint role of HSP70, TLR4 activation was proven to downregulate TJ protein expression, and TLR2 activation to accelerate apoptosis. Altogether, this study identified HSP70 as a potentially vital defender against Giardia, and revealed its correlation with specific TLR activation. The clinical importance of HSP70 has been extensively demonstrated, while its role as an effective therapeutic target in human giardiasis remains elusive and thus needs to be further clarified.
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Hypotheses on Atherogenesis Triggering: Does the Infectious Nature of Atherosclerosis Development Have a Substruction? Cells 2023; 12:cells12050707. [PMID: 36899843 PMCID: PMC10001176 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the end of the 20th century, it has been clear that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. However, the main triggering mechanism of the inflammatory process in the vascular walls is still unclear. To date, many different hypotheses have been put forward to explain the causes of atherogenesis, and all of them are supported by strong evidence. Among the main causes of atherosclerosis, which underlies these hypotheses, the following can be mentioned: lipoprotein modification, oxidative transformation, shear stress, endothelial dysfunction, free radicals' action, homocysteinemia, diabetes mellitus, and decreased nitric oxide level. One of the latest hypotheses concerns the infectious nature of atherogenesis. The currently available data indicate that pathogen-associated molecular patterns from bacteria or viruses may be an etiological factor in atherosclerosis. This paper is devoted to the analysis of existing hypotheses for atherogenesis triggering, and special attention is paid to the contribution of bacterial and viral infections to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
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28
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Zhi W, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhang H. Recent advances of traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115749. [PMID: 36181983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common systemic disease with increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with characteristics of multiple pathways and targets, presents advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. AIM OF THE STUDY With the modernization of TCM, the active ingredients and molecular mechanisms of TCM for AS treatment have been gradually revealed. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the existing studies on TCM therapies aimed at regulating AS over the past two decades. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using "atherosclerosis" and "Traditional Chinese medicine" as keywords, all relevant TCM literature published in the last 10 years was collected from electronic databases (such as Elsevier, Springer, PubMed, CNKI, and Web of Science), books and papers until March 2022, and the critical information was statistically analyzed. RESULTS In this review, we highlighted extracts of 8 single herbs, a total of 41 single active ingredients, 20 TCM formulae, and 25 patented drugs, which were described with chemical structure, source, model, efficacy and potential mechanism. CONCLUSION We summarized the cytopathological basis for the development of atherosclerosis involving vascular endothelial cells, macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells, and categorically elaborated the medicinal TCM used for AS, all of which provide the current evidence on the better management of atherosclerosis by TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Zhi
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an, 710003, PR China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an, 710003, PR China.
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Franco AR, Artusa V, Peri F. Use of Fluorescent Chemical Probes in the Study of Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) Trafficking. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2700:57-74. [PMID: 37603174 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3366-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent chemical probes are used nowadays as a chemical resource to study the physiology and pharmacology of several important endogenous receptors. Different fluorescent groups have been coupled with known ligands of these receptors, allowing the visualization of their localization and trafficking. One of the most important molecular players of innate immunity and inflammation are the Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs). These Pattern-Recognition Receptors (PRR) have as natural ligands microbial-derived pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and also endogenous molecules called danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These ligands activate TLRs to start a response that will determine the host's protection and overall cell survival but can also lead to chronic inflammation and autoimmune syndromes. TLRs action is tightly related to their subcellular localization and trafficking. Understanding this trafficking phenomenon can enlighten critical molecular pathways that might allow to decipher the causes of different diseases. In this chapter, the study of function, localization and trafficking of TLRs through the use of chemical probes will be discussed. Furthermore, an example protocol of the use of fluorescent chemical probes to study TLR4 trafficking using high-content analysis will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Franco
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Artusa
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Peri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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30
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Lee S, Affandi J, Waters S, Price P. Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and Cardiovascular Disease: Current Perspectives. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:13-24. [PMID: 36622943 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) are often asymptomatic in healthy adults but can be severe in people with a compromised immune system. While several studies have demonstrated associations between cardiovascular disease in older adults and HCMV seropositivity, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We review evidence published within the last 5 years establishing how HCMV can contribute directly and indirectly to the development and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. We also discuss associations between HCMV infection and cardiovascular outcomes in populations with a high or very high burden of HCMV, including patients with renal or autoimmune disease, transplant recipients, and people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin Medical School and the Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI); Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jacquita Affandi
- Curtin School of Population Health; Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shelley Waters
- Curtin Medical School and the Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI); Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Patricia Price
- Curtin Medical School and the Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI); Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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31
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Impact of atherosclerosis on the postoperative complications of colorectal surgery in older patients with colorectal cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:519. [PMID: 36513977 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is associated with various comorbidities; nonetheless, its effect on the postoperative complications of colorectal surgery in older patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of atherosclerosis on the postoperative complications of colorectal surgery in older adults with CRC. METHODS Patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent surgery for CRC between April 2017 and October 2020 were enrolled. To evaluate atherosclerosis, we prospectively calculated the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) measured by the blood pressure/pulse wave test and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) score from computed tomography. Risk factors for Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III postoperative complications were evaluated by univariate and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Overall, 124 patients were included. The mean CAVI value and AAC score were 9.5 ± 1.8 and 7.0 ± 8.0, respectively. Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III postoperative complications were observed in 14 patients (11.3%). CAVI (odds ratio, 1.522 [95% confidence interval, 1.073-2.160], p = 0.019), AAC score (1.083 [1.009-1.163], p = 0.026); and operative time (1.007 [1.003-1.012], p = 0.001) were identified as risk factors for postoperative complications. Based on the optimal cut-off values of CAVI and AAC score, the probability of postoperative complications was 27.8% in patients with abnormal values for both parameters, which was 17.4 times higher than the 1.6% probability of postoperative complications in patients with normal values. CONCLUSIONS Atherosclerosis, particularly that assessed using CAVI and AAC score, could be a significant predictor of postoperative complications of colorectal surgery in older adults with CRC.
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Quo Vadis? Immunodynamics of Myeloid Cells after Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415814. [PMID: 36555456 PMCID: PMC9779515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), a major contributor to worldwide morbidity and mortality, is caused by a lack of blood flow to the heart. Affected heart tissue becomes ischemic due to deficiency of blood perfusion and oxygen delivery. In case sufficient blood flow cannot be timely restored, cardiac injury with necrosis occurs. The ischemic/necrotic area induces a systemic inflammatory response and hundreds of thousands of leukocytes are recruited from the blood to the injured heart. The blood pool of leukocytes is rapidly depleted and urgent re-supply of these cells is needed. Myeloid cells are generated in the bone marrow (BM) and spleen, released into the blood, travel to sites of need, extravasate and accumulate inside tissues to accomplish various functions. In this review we focus on the "leukocyte supply chain" and will separately evaluate different myeloid cell compartments (BM, spleen, blood, heart) in steady state and after MI. Moreover, we highlight the local and systemic kinetics of extracellular factors, chemokines and danger signals involved in the regulation of production/generation, release, transportation, uptake, and activation of myeloid cells during the inflammatory phase of MI.
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Aslam N, Faisal MN, Khan JA, Majeed W. Opuntia ficus indica (L.) fruit extract alleviates oxidative stress through activation of dual oxidases and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling cascades in high-fat-diet associated atherosclerosis rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:920-930. [PMID: 36569488 PMCID: PMC9773065 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic inflammation associated with progressive thickening and hardening of the large to medium-sized arteries due to plaque formation. The study aims to evaluate the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic efficacy of Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) fruit extract against the high-fat-diet associated atherosclerotic rat model. In-vitro qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of OFI fruit extract revealed the significant presence of total phenolic content and total flavonoid contents. In-vitro antioxidant activity of fruit extract was determined through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and FRAP assays that have shown their protective efficacy against the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Results revealed that the level of total oxidant stress was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced and down expression levels of dual oxidases (Duox, Duoxa-1, and Duox-2) in all the treatment groups (I, II, III) as compared with positive control were observed. The total antioxidant capacity was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in all treatment groups in comparison with the positive control group and higher expression level of the Nrf-2 signaling pathway (Nfe-212, NFR-1, and Keap-1) was observed in all the treatment groups compared with the positive control group. Histopathological examination of the aorta showed that high-fat diet markedly increased endothelial lining and thickness of tunica media and adventitia, with irregular media segments having wavy laminae, and a significant increase in entropy of fibers disposition was observed. Conclusively, OFI fruit extract has shown promising protective, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory efficacy through the restoration of normal parenchyma in high-fat dieting-associated oxidative stress and endothelial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Aslam
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Faisal
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ali Khan
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
| | - Wafa Majeed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
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Margiana R, Alsaikhan F, Al-Awsi GRL, Patra I, Sivaraman R, Fadhil AA, Al-Baghdady HFA, Qasim MT, Hameed NM, Mustafa YF, Hosseini-Fard S. Functions and therapeutic interventions of non-coding RNAs associated with TLR signaling pathway in atherosclerosis. Cell Signal 2022; 100:110471. [PMID: 36122884 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, emerging data demonstrate that the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway plays an important role in the progression of inflammatory atherosclerosis. Indeed, dysregulated TLR signaling pathway could be a cornerstone of inflammation and atherosclerosis, which contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases. It is interesting to note that this pathway is heavily controlled by several mechanisms, such as epigenetic factors in which the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs as well as circular RNAs in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has been well studied. Recent years have seen a significant surge in the amount of research exploring the interplay between ncRNAs and TLR signaling pathway downstream targets in the development of atherosclerosis; however, there is still considerable room for improvement in this field. The current study was designed to review underlying mechanisms of TLR signaling pathway and ncRNA interactions to shed light on therapeutic implications in patients with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Indrajit Patra
- An Independent Researcher, PhD from NIT Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Ramaswamy Sivaraman
- Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, University of Madras, Arumbakkam, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Maytham T Qasim
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Health and Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Noora M Hameed
- Anesthesia techniques, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
| | - Seyedreza Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang L, Wang S, Zhang Q, He C, Fu C, Wei Q. The role of the gut microbiota in health and cardiovascular diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:30. [PMID: 36219347 PMCID: PMC9554112 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is critical to human health, such as digesting nutrients, forming the intestinal epithelial barrier, regulating immune function, producing vitamins and hormones, and producing metabolites to interact with the host. Meanwhile, increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota has a strong correlation with the occurrence, progression and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In patients with CVDs and corresponding risk factors, the composition and ratio of gut microbiota have significant differences compared with their healthy counterparts. Therefore, gut microbiota dysbiosis, gut microbiota-generated metabolites, and the related signaling pathway may serve as explanations for some of the mechanisms about the occurrence and development of CVDs. Several studies have also demonstrated that many traditional and latest therapeutic treatments of CVDs are associated with the gut microbiota and its generated metabolites and related signaling pathways. Given that information, we summarized the latest advances in the current research regarding the effect of gut microbiota on health, the main cardiovascular risk factors, and CVDs, highlighted the roles and mechanisms of several metabolites, and introduced corresponding promising treatments for CVDs regarding the gut microbiota. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on exploring the role of gut microbiota related metabolites and their therapeutic potential in CVDs, which may eventually provide better solutions in the development of therapeutic treatment as well as the prevention of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengqi He
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenying Fu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Aging and Geriatric Mechanism Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Wei
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Cholecystectomy reduces the risk of myocardial and cerebral infarction in patients with gallstone-related infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16749. [PMID: 36202881 PMCID: PMC9537563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) or cerebral infarction (CI) in patients with or without-gallstone-related infection (GSI) and change in the risk following cholecystectomy. GSI (n = 84,467) and non-GSI (n = 406,800) patients with age- and sex-matched controls (n = 4,912,670) were identified from Korean population based data. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of MI or CI were analyzed in both groups treated with or without cholecystectomy. Subgroup analysis was performed for both sexes and different ages. The risk of MI or CI was higher in the GSI group than in the non-GSI group (aHR for MI; 1.32 vs. 1.07, aHR for CI; 1.24 vs. 1.06, respectively). The risk reduction rate of MI following cholecystectomy was 11.4% in the GSI group, whereas it was 0% in the non-GSI group. The risk of CI after cholecystectomy was more reduced in the GSI group than in the non-GSI group (16.1% and 4.7%, respectively). The original risk of MI or CI in patients with gallstones and risk reduction rates following cholecystectomy were higher in females and younger patients than in males and older patients. Increased risk of MI or CI and greater risk reduction following cholecystectomy were seen in patients with GSI.
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Probiotics Bring New Hope for Atherosclerosis Prevention and Treatment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3900835. [PMID: 36193065 PMCID: PMC9526629 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3900835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of human mortality and morbidity worldwide. Atherosclerosis (AS) is the underlying pathological responsible in most acute and severe cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction and stroke. However, current drugs applied to the treatment of AS are not clinically effective, and there is a large residual risk of cardiovascular disease and multiple side effects. Increasing evidence supports a close relationship between microorganisms and the incidence of AS. Recent data have shown that probiotics can improve multiple key factors involved in the development and progression of AS, including cholesterol metabolism imbalance, endothelial dysfunction, proinflammatory factor production, macrophage polarization, intestinal flora disturbance, and infection with pathogenic microorganisms, and therefore probiotics have attracted great interest as a novel potential “medicine”. This review is aimed at summarizing the effects of probiotics on various influencing factors, and providing valuable insights in the search for early prevention and potential therapeutic strategies for AS.
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Kato-Kogoe N, Kamiya K, Sakaguchi S, Omori M, Komori E, Kudo A, Nakamura S, Nakano T, Ueno T, Tamaki J, Hoshiga M. Salivary Microbiota Associated with Peripheral Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction. J Atheroscler Thromb 2022. [PMID: 36130883 DOI: 10.5551/jat.63681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Oral health is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD). We previously identified the salivary microbiota characteristics of patients with ACVD. However, whether salivary microbiota is characteristic under impaired vascular endothelial function before ACVD onset remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the characteristics of salivary microbiota associated with peripheral microvascular endothelial dysfunction. METHODS We collected saliva samples from 172 community-dwelling elderly individuals without a history of ACVD and performed 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis. We assessed the peripheral microvascular endothelial function using reactive hyperemia index (RHI) and compared the salivary microbiota in the groups with normal (RHI ≥ 2.10), borderline, and abnormal (RHI <1.67) peripheral endothelial function. Furthermore, we applied machine learning techniques to evaluate whether salivary microbiota could discriminate between individuals with normal and abnormal endothelial function. RESULTS The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was higher in the abnormal group than in the normal group (p=0.037), and differences were found in the overall salivary microbiota structure (unweighted UniFrac distances, p=0.038). The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) algorithm revealed several significantly differentially abundant bacterial genera between the two groups. An Extra Trees classifier model was built to discriminate between groups with normal and abnormal vascular endothelial function based on the microbial composition at the genus level (AUC=0.810). CONCLUSIONS The salivary microbiota in individuals with endothelial dysfunction was distinct from that in individuals with normal endothelial function, indicating that the salivary microbiota may be related to endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahoko Kato-Kogoe
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kuniyasu Kamiya
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Shoichi Sakaguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Michi Omori
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Eri Komori
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Asako Kudo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Takaaki Ueno
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Junko Tamaki
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Masaoki Hoshiga
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
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Yu C, Rao D, Wang T, Song J, Zhang L, Huang W. Emerging roles of TRIM27 in cancer and other human diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1004429. [PMID: 36200036 PMCID: PMC9527303 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1004429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the TRIM protein family, TRIM27 is a RING-mediated E3 ubiquitin ligase that can mark other proteins for degradation. Its ubiquitination targets include PTEN, IκBα and p53, which allows it to regulate many signaling pathways to exert its functions under both physiological and pathological conditions, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. During the past decades, TRIM27 was reported to be involved in many diseases, including cancer, lupus nephritis, ischemia-reperfusion injury and Parkinson’s disease. Although the research interest in TRIM27 is increasing, there are few reviews about the diverse roles of this protein. Here, we systematically review the roles of TRIM27 in cancer and other human diseases. Firstly, we introduce the biological functions of TRIM27. Next, we focus on the roles of TRIM27 in cancer, including ovarian cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer. At the same time, we also describe the roles of TRIM27 in other human diseases, such as lupus nephritis, ischemia-reperfusion injury and Parkinson’s disease. Finally, we discuss the future directions of TRIM27 research, especially its potential roles in tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengpeng Yu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dean Rao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Song
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Song, ; Lei Zhang, ; Wenjie Huang,
| | - Lei Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
- Tongji Medical College, Shanxi Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Song, ; Lei Zhang, ; Wenjie Huang,
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Song, ; Lei Zhang, ; Wenjie Huang,
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Davoudi F, Miyashita S, Yoo TK, Lee PT, Foster GP. An Insight Into Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Management of Cardiovascular Complications of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Post-acute COVID Syndrome, and COVID Vaccine. Crit Pathw Cardiol 2022; 21:123-129. [PMID: 35994720 DOI: 10.1097/hpc.0000000000000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic health emergency in March 2020. Elderly patients and those with pre-existing medical conditions including cardiovascular disease are at increased risk of developing severe disease. Not only is the viral infection with SARS-CoV-2 associated with higher mortality in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease, but development of cardiovascular complications is also common in patients with COVID-19. Even after recovery from the acute illness, post-acute COVID syndrome with cardiopulmonary manifestations can occur in some patients. Additionally, there are rare but increasingly recognized adverse events, including cardiovascular side effects, reported with currently available COVID-19 vaccines. In this review, we discuss the most common cardiovascular complications of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccines, cardiopulmonary manifestations of post-acute COVID syndrome and the current evidence-based guidance on the management of such complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Davoudi
- From the Department of Medicine, Mass General Brigham-Salem Hospital, Salem, MA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Satoshi Miyashita
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center Boston, MA
| | - Tae Kyung Yoo
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center Framingham, MA
| | - Patrick T Lee
- Department of Medicine, One Brooklyn Health Brooklyn, NY
| | - Gabriel P Foster
- Division of Cardiology, Mass General Brigham-Salem Hospital, Salem, MA
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Bacterial Infections and Atherosclerosis – A Mini Review. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the most challenging subsets of coronary artery disease in humans, in which risk factors emerge from childhood, and its prevalence increases with age. Experimental research demonstrates that infections due to bacteria stimulate atherogenic events. Atherosclerosis has complex pathophysiology that is linked with several bacterial infections by damaging the inner arterial wall and heart muscles directly and indirectly by provoking a systemic pro-inflammation and acute-phase protein. Repeated bacterial infections trigger an inflammatory cascade that triggers immunological responses that negatively impact cardiovascular biomarkers includes triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, C-reactive protein, heat shock proteins, cytokines, fibrinogen, and leukocyte count. Herein, we intended to share the role of bacterial infection in atherosclerosis and evaluate existing evidence of animal and human trials on the association between bacterial infections and atherosclerosis on update.
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Liu Y, Zhong H, Xu P, Zhou A, Ding L, Qiu J, Wu H, Dai M. Deciphering the combination mechanisms of Gualou–Xiebai herb pair against atherosclerosis by network pharmacology and HPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:941400. [PMID: 36120369 PMCID: PMC9476847 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.941400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Gualou (Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim)–Xiebai (Allium macrostemon Bunge) (GLXB) is a well-known herb pair against atherosclerosis (AS). However, the combination mechanisms of GLXB herb pair against AS remain unclear. Objective: To compare the difference in efficacy between GLXB herb pair and the single herbs and to explore the combination mechanisms of GLXB against AS in terms of compounds, targets, and signaling pathways. Methods: The combined effects of GLXB were evaluated in AS mice. The main compounds of GLXB were identified via quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and UNIFI informatics platforms. The united mechanisms of GLXB in terms of nodes, key interactions, and functional clusters were realized by network pharmacology. At last, the anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms of GLXB were validated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot in AS mice. Results: The anti-atherosclerotic effects of the GLXB herb pair (6 g/kg) were more significant than those of Gualou (4 g/kg) and Xiebai (2 g/kg) alone. From the GLXB herb pair, 48 main components were identified. In addition, the GLXB herb pair handled more anti-atherosclerotic targets and more signaling pathways than Gualou or Xiebai alone, whereas 10 key targets of GLXB were found using topological analysis. Furthermore, the GLXB herb pair (6 g/kg) could suppress the inflammatory target levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, ALOX5, PTGS2, and p-p38 in AS mice. GLXB herb pair (6 g/kg) could also ameliorate endothelial growth and function by regulating the levels of VEGFA, eNOS, p-AKT, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 and reducing macrophage adhesion to vascular wall in AS mice. GLXB herb pair (6 g/kg) could improve the blood lipid levels in AS mice. In addition, the regulating effects of GLXB herb pair (6 g/kg) on levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, ALOX5, VEGFA, eNOS, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and blood lipids were more significant than those of Gualou (4 g/kg) or Xiebai alone (2 g/kg). Conclusion: The combination mechanisms of the GLXB herb pair were elucidated in terms of components, targets, and signaling pathways, which may be related to suppressing inflammation, regulating vascular endothelial growth/function, and improving blood lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Pengbo Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - An Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- The Experimental Research Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: An Zhou, ; Hongfei Wu, ,
| | - Lidan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jingwen Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hongfei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: An Zhou, ; Hongfei Wu, ,
| | - Min Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Itoh N, Akazawa N, Ishibana Y, Hamada S, Hagiwara S, Murakami H. Femoral osteomyelitis caused by oral anaerobic bacteria with mixed bacteremia of Campylobacter rectus and Parvimonas micra in a chronic periodontitis patient: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:613. [PMID: 35836203 PMCID: PMC9281128 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter rectus is a gram-negative rod, and Parvimonas micra is a gram-positive coccus, both of which are oral anaerobes that cause chronic periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis can cause bacteremia and systemic diseases, including osteomyelitis. Hematogenous osteomyelitis caused by anaerobic bacteria is uncommon, and to date, there have been no reports of mixed bacteremia with C. rectus and P. micra. Here, we report the first case of osteomyelitis of the femur caused by anaerobic bacteria with mixed bacteremia of C. rectus and P. micra caused by chronic periodontitis. Case presentation A 75-year-old man with chronic periodontitis, hyperuricemia, and benign prostatic hyperplasia was admitted to the hospital with a fracture of the left femur. The patient had left thigh pain for 4 weeks prior to admission. Left femoral intramedullary nail fixation was performed, and a large amount of abscess and necrotic tissue was found intraoperatively. The cultures of abscess specimens were identified as P. micra, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and C. rectus. C. rectus and P. micra were also isolated from blood cultures. C. rectus was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 16 S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Sulbactam-ampicillin was administered for approximately 1 month, after which it was replaced by oral clavulanic acid-amoxicillin for long-term suppressive treatment. Conclusions Only five cases of bloodstream infection with C. rectus have been reported, and this is the first report of mixed bacteremia with P. micra. Clinicians should consider that chronic periodontitis caused by rare oral anaerobic bacteria can cause systemic infections, such as osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Itoh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan. .,Collaborative Chairs Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan. .,Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan.
| | - Nana Akazawa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ishibana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Hamada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, 464-8681, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sumitaka Hagiwara
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Hiromi Murakami
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan
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Anti-atherosclerotic Effects of Myrtenal in High-Fat Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis in Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:5717-5733. [PMID: 35804285 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The major cause of death worldwide is atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease (ACD). Myrtenal was studied to determine control rats were given standard diets and a high-fat diet was given to AS model groups. Atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease (ACD) is globally attributed to being a predominant cause of mortality. While the beneficial effects of Myrtenal, the monoterpene from natural compounds, are increasingly being acknowledged, its anti-atherosclerotic activity has not been demonstrated clearly. The present study is proposed to determine the anti-atherosclerotic activity of Myrtenal in high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis (AS) rat models. Control groups were maintained with standard diets, the AS model rats were provided a high-fat diet, two of the experimental groups fed with a high-fat diet were treated with Myrtenal (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg), and one experimental group on high-fat diet was treated with simvastatin (10 mg/kg) for 30 days. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed using kits. The lipoproteins and the lipid profile were estimated using an auto-analyzer. The atherogenic index and marker enzyme activities were also determined. Serum concentrations of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α), thromboxaneB2 (TXB2), endothelin (ET), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured. The AS model groups indicated altered lipid profile, lipoprotein content, atherogenic index, calcium levels, HMG-CoA reductase activity, collagen level, and mild mineralization indicating atherosclerosis, while the AS-induced Myrtenal-treated groups demonstrated anti-atherogenic activity. The Myrtenal-treated groups exhibited a decreased TC, TG, and LDLc levels; increased HDLc levels; and a decline in the inflammatory cytokines such as CRP, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-18 when compared to the untreated AS rats. Furthermore, Myrtenal decreased ET, TXB2, and 6-keto-PGF1α levels indicating its anti-atherosclerotic activity. The study results thus indicate that Myrtenal modulates the lipid metabolic pathway to exert its anti-atherosclerotic activity.
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Wang Y, Lv S, Zhou X, Niu X, Chen L, Yang Z, Peng D. Identification of TLR2 as a Key Target in Neuroinflammation in Vascular Dementia. Front Genet 2022; 13:860122. [PMID: 35873459 PMCID: PMC9296774 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.860122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common cause of dementia. At present, precise molecular processes of VaD are unclear. We attempted to discover the VaD relevant candidate genes, enrichment biological processes and pathways, key targets, and the underlying mechanism by microarray bioinformatic analysis. We selected GSE122063 related to the autopsy samples of VaD for analysis. We first took use of Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to achieve modules related to VaD and hub genes. Second, we filtered out significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Third, significant DEGs then went through Geno Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Fourth, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed. At last, we constructed the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. The results showed that the yellow module had the strongest correlation with VaD, and we finally identified 21 hub genes. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) was the top hub gene and was strongly correlated with other possible candidate genes. In total, 456 significant DEGs were filtered out and these genes were found to be enriched in the Toll receptor signaling pathway and several other immune-related pathways. In addition, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis results showed that similar pathways were significantly over-represented in TLR2-high samples. In the PPI network, TLR2 was still an important node with high weight and combined scores. We concluded that the TLR2 acts as a key target in neuroinflammation which may participate in the pathophysiological process of VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuye Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Lv
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Niu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Leian Chen
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dantao Peng
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dantao Peng,
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Wang T, Zhou Y, Wang K, Jiang X, Wang J, Chen J. Prediction and validation of potential molecular targets for the combination of Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis in the treatment of atherosclerosis based on network pharmacology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29762. [PMID: 35776988 PMCID: PMC9239660 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the 20th century, mortality rate due to cardiovascular diseases has increased, posing a substantial economic burden on society. Atherosclerosis is a common cardiovascular disease that requires urgent and careful attention. This study was conducted to predict and validate the potential molecular targets and pathways of Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis (A&A) in the treatment of atherosclerosis using network pharmacology. The active ingredients of A&A were obtained using the TCMSP database, while the target genes of atherosclerosis were acquired using 2 databases, namely GeneCards and DrugBank. The disease-target-component model map and the core network were obtained using Cytoscape 3.8.2 and MCODE plug-in, respectively. The core network was then imported into the STRING database to obtain the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network diagram. Moreover, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed using the HIPLOT online website. Finally, the small molecules related to key signaling pathways were molecularly docked and visualized. Under the screening conditions of oral bioavailability ≥ 30% and drug-likeness ≥ 0.18, 22 active ingredients were identified from A&A, and 174 relevant targets were obtained. Additionally, 54 active ingredients were found in the extracted core network. Interleukin (IL)-17 signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway were selected as the main subjects through KEGG enrichment analysis. Core targets (RELA, IKBKB, CHUK, and MMP3) and active ingredients (kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin) were selected and validated using molecular docking. This study identified multiple molecular targets and pathways for A&A in the treatment of atherosclerosis. A&A has the potential to treat atherosclerosis through an antiinflammatory approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyue Wang
- The 2nd Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Kaina Wang
- The 1st Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- The 1st Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Library, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of life science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Chen, School of life science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548, Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City 310053, Zhejiang Province, China (e-mail: )
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Zhuang C, Chen R, Zheng Z, Lu J, Hong C. Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Cardiovascular Diseases. Heart Lung Circ 2022; 31:e93-e109. [PMID: 35367134 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is an important member of the innate immune response receptor toll-like receptors (TLRs) family, which plays a vital role in regulating immune response, promoting the maturation and differentiation of immune cells, and participating in the response of pro-inflammatory factors. TLR3 is activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns, which support the pathophysiology of many diseases related to inflammation. An increasing number of studies have confirmed that TLR3, as a crucial medium of innate immunity, participates in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by regulating the transcription and translation of various cytokines, thus affecting the structure and physiological function of resident cells in the cardiovascular system, including vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts and macrophages. The dysfunction and structural damage of vascular endothelial cells and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells are the key factors in the occurrence of vascular diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, ischaemia/reperfusion injury, and heart failure. Meanwhile, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages are involved in the development of CVDs. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to explore the latest research published on TLR3 in CVDs and discuss current understanding of potential mechanisms by which TLR3 contributes to CVDs. Even though TLR3 is a developing area, it has strong treatment potential as an immunomodulator and deserves further study for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Zhuang
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; First Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Riken Chen
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zheng
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Lu
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Hong
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Arya P, Bhandari U, Sharma K, Bansal P. Anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibody attenuates high-fat diet and zymosan-induced vascular inflammation in C57BL/6 mice by modulating TLR2/NF-ƙB signaling pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:577-585. [PMID: 35911646 PMCID: PMC9282737 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.60467.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Excess intake of a high-fatty diet (HFD) together with zymosan administration mediates vasculitis response which leads to impaired serum lipid levels and causes arterial stiffness. In the development of new cholesterol-lowering medications, PCSK9 inhibitor (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) is an emerging therapeutic. The goal of the present study was to see whether anti-PCSK9 mAb1 might prevent vasculitis in C57BL/6 mice by blocking TLR2/NF-B activation in HFD and Zymosan-induced vasculitis. Materials and Methods Protein-protein molecular docking was performed to validate the binding affinity of anti-PCSK9 mAb1 against TLR2. Under the experimental study, mice were randomly allocated to the following groups: Group I: standard mice diet (30 days) + Zymosan vehicle (sterile PBS solution of 5mg/ml on 8th day); Group II: HFD (30 days) + Zymosan ( single IP dose 80 mg/kg on day 8th); Group III: HFD+Zymosan + anti-PCSK9 mAb1 (6 mg/kg, s.c. on 10th and 20th days); Group IV: HFD+Zymosan+anti-PCSK9 mAb1 (10 mg/kg, s.c. on 10th and 20th days). Results In comparison with the low dose of anti-PCSK9 mAb1 (6 mg/kg), the high dose of anti-PCSK9 mAb1 (10 mg/kg) together with HFD and Zymosan inhibited vasculitis more effectively by decreasing aortic TLR2 and NF-B levels, reducing serum TNF- and IL-6, and up-regulating liver LDLR levels, which down-regulated serum LDL-C and improved serum lipids levels. Histopathological studies showed that anti-PCSK9 mAb1 treatment reduced plaque accumulation in the aorta of mice. Conclusion These findings indicate that anti-PCSK9 mAb1 has therapeutic potential in reducing HFD and Zymosan-induced vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India
| | - Uma Bhandari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India,Corresponding author: Uma Bhandari. Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India.
| | - Kalicharan Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi-110017, India
| | - Priyanka Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi - 110062, India
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Kong P, Cui ZY, Huang XF, Zhang DD, Guo RJ, Han M. Inflammation and atherosclerosis: signaling pathways and therapeutic intervention. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:131. [PMID: 35459215 PMCID: PMC9033871 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease driven by traditional and nontraditional risk factors. Genome-wide association combined with clonal lineage tracing and clinical trials have demonstrated that innate and adaptive immune responses can promote or quell atherosclerosis. Several signaling pathways, that are associated with the inflammatory response, have been implicated within atherosclerosis such as NLRP3 inflammasome, toll-like receptors, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, Notch and Wnt signaling pathways, which are of importance for atherosclerosis development and regression. Targeting inflammatory pathways, especially the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and its regulated inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β, could represent an attractive new route for the treatment of atherosclerotic diseases. Herein, we summarize the knowledge on cellular participants and key inflammatory signaling pathways in atherosclerosis, and discuss the preclinical studies targeting these key pathways for atherosclerosis, the clinical trials that are going to target some of these processes, and the effects of quelling inflammation and atherosclerosis in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Zi-Yang Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Rui-Juan Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China.
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Zhao X, Miao G, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Xu Z, Wang B, Zhang L. Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection Induces Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Atherosclerosis Through Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated JunB-Fra-1 Activation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:879023. [PMID: 35493076 PMCID: PMC9039263 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.879023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection is closely related to atherosclerosis, which is a major pathological basis for cardiovascular diseases. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration is an important trigger in development of atherosclerosis that is associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) infection. However, the mechanism of VSMC migration remains unclear, and whether antioxidant could be a therapeutic target for C. pneumoniae infection-induced atherosclerosis also remains unknown. The results showed that C. pneumoniae infection mainly impaired mitochondrial function and increased the level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). The expressions of protein JunB, Fra-1 and Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP) evidently increased after C. pneumoniae infection, and the interaction between JunB and Fra-1 was also enhanced. After scavenging mtROS by antioxidant Mito-TEMPO, the increasing expressions of JunB, Fra-1, MMP2 and the capacity of VSMC migration induced by C. pneumoniae infection were all inhibited. In comparison with infected ApoE-/- mice, the level of ROS in atherosclerotic lesion in ApoE-/-TLR2-/- mice with C. pneumoniae infection decreased. Knocking out TLR2 suppressed the expressions of JunB, Fra-1 and MMP2 in VSMCs and the formation of atherosclerotic lesion after C. pneumoniae infection. Furthermore, after using small interfering RNA to inhibit the expression of TLR2, the level of mtROS and the expressions of JunB, Fra-1 and MMP2 apparently decreased. Taken together, C. pneumoniae infection may promote VSMC migration and atherosclerosis development by increasing the level of mtROS through TLR2 to activate the JunB-Fra-1/MMP2 signaling pathway. The data provide the first evidence that antioxidant could reduce C. pneumoniae infection-induced VSMC migration and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guolin Miao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuke Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhelong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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