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Klinger-König J, Erhardt A, Streit F, Völker MP, Schulze MB, Keil T, Fricke J, Castell S, Klett-Tammen CJ, Pischon T, Karch A, Teismann H, Michels KB, Greiser KH, Becher H, Karrasch S, Ahrens W, Meinke-Franze C, Schipf S, Mikolajczyk R, Führer A, Brandes B, Schmidt B, Emmel C, Leitzmann M, Konzok J, Peters A, Obi N, Brenner H, Holleczek B, Moreno Velásquez I, Deckert J, Baune BT, Rietschel M, Berger K, Grabe HJ. Childhood Trauma and Somatic and Mental Illness in Adulthood. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 121:1-8. [PMID: 37876295 PMCID: PMC10916765 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2023.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma is associated with somatic and mental illness in adulthood. The strength of the association varies as a function of age, sex, and type of trauma. Pertinent studies to date have mainly focused on individual diseases. In this study, we investigate the association between childhood trauma and a multiplicity of somatic and mental illnesses in adulthood. METHODS Data from 156 807 NAKO Health Study participants were analyzed by means of logistic regressions, with adjustment for age, sex, years of education, and study site. The Childhood Trauma Screener differentiated between no/minor (n = 115 891) and moderate/severe childhood trauma (n = 40 916). The outcome variables were medical diagnoses of five somatic and two mental health conditions as stated in the clinical history. RESULTS Persons with childhood trauma were more likely to bear a diagnosis of all of the studied conditions: cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 1.10; 95% confidence interval: [1.05; 1.15]), myocardial infarction (OR = 1.13 [1.03; 1.24]), diabetes (OR = 1.16, [1.10; 1.23]), stroke (OR = 1.35 [1.23; 1.48]), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR = 1.45 [1.38; 1.52]), depression (OR = 2.36 [2.29; 2.43]), and anxiety disorders (OR = 2.08 [2.00; 2.17]). All of these associations were stronger in younger persons, regardless of the nature of childhood trauma. Differences between the sexes were observed only for some of these associations. CONCLUSION Childhood trauma was associated with a higher probability of developing mental as well as somatic illness in adulthood. As childhood trauma is an element of individual history that the victim has little to no control over, and because the illnesses that can arise in adulthood in association with it are a heavy burden on the affected persons and on society, there is a need for research on these associations and for the development of preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Klinger-König
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Angelika Erhardt
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maja P. Völker
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Thomas Keil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- State Institute of Health I, Bavarian State Office for Health and Food Safety, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Fricke
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Castell
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carolina J. Klett-Tammen
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Biobank Technology Platform, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - André Karch
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Henning Teismann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Karin B. Michels
- Institute for Prevention and Tumor Epidemiology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - K. Halina Greiser
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Becher
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Karrasch
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich; Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Claudia Meinke-Franze
- Institute of Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabine Schipf
- Institute of Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- IInstitute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, Profile Center Health Sciences, Medical School, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle Site, Halle, Germany
- Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Amand Führer
- IInstitute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, Profile Center Health Sciences, Medical School, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Berit Brandes
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carina Emmel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Leitzmann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julian Konzok
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, LMU—Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Munich site, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadia Obi
- Central Institute for Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM,) University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Saarbrücken, Germany
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Ilais Moreno Velásquez
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Bussières A, Hancock MJ, Elklit A, Ferreira ML, Ferreira PH, Stone LS, Wideman TH, Boruff JT, Al Zoubi F, Chaudhry F, Tolentino R, Hartvigsen J. Adverse childhood experience is associated with an increased risk of reporting chronic pain in adulthood: a stystematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2284025. [PMID: 38111090 PMCID: PMC10993817 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2284025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been shown to negatively affect health in adulthood. Estimates of associations between ACEs and chronic painful conditions are lacking.Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate associations between exposure to ACEs and chronic pain and pain-related disability in adults.Methods: We searched 10 electronic databases from inception to February 2023. We included observational studies assessing associations between direct ACEs (childhood sexual, physical, emotional abuse, or neglect) alone or in combination with indirect ACEs (witnessing domestic violence, household mental illness), and adult chronic pain (≥3 months duration) and pain-related disability (daily activities limited by chronic pain). Pairs of reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study risks of bias. Random-effect models were used to calculate pooled adjusted odds ratios [aOR]. Tau square [T2], 95% prediction intervals [95%PI] and I2 expressed the amount of heterogeneity, and meta-regressions and subgroup meta-analyses investigated sources of heterogeneity (PROSPERO: CRD42020150230).Results: We identified 85 studies including 826,452 adults of which 57 studies were included in meta-analyses. Study quality was generally good or fair (n = 70). The odds of reporting chronic pain in adulthood were significantly higher among individuals exposed to a direct ACE (aOR, 1.45, 95%CI, 1.38-1.53). Individuals reporting childhood physical abuse were significantly more likely to report both chronic pain (aOR, 1.50, 95CI, 1.39-1.64) and pain-related disability (1.46, 95CI, 1.03-2.08) during adulthood. Exposure to any ACEs alone or combined with indirect ACEs significantly increase the odds of adult chronic painful conditions (aOR, 1.53, 95%CI, 1.42-1.65) and pain-related disability (aOR, 1.29; 95%CI, 1.01-1.66). The risk of chronic pain in adulthood significantly increased from one ACE (aOR, 1.29, 95%CI, 1.22-1.37) to four or more ACEs (1.95, 95%CI, 1.73-2.19).Conclusions: Single and cumulative ACEs are significantly associated with reporting of chronic pain and pain-related disability as an adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Bussières
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Département Chiropratique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Mark J. Hancock
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ask Elklit
- National Centre for Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology, University of Southern DenmarkOdense, Denmark
| | - Manuela L. Ferreira
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The Kolling Institute, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paulo H. Ferreira
- Musculoskeletal Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laura S. Stone
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy H. Wideman
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jill T. Boruff
- Schulich Library of Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, and Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fadi Al Zoubi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Fauzia Chaudhry
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Raymond Tolentino
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal
| | - Jan Hartvigsen
- Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Chiropractic Knowledge Hub, Odense, Denmark
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Kim HJ, Kim J, Yook KH, Choi TK, Lee SH. Early Trauma Subtypes are Differentially Related to Anxiety Symptomatology and Suicidal Ideation in Panic Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:1211-1220. [PMID: 38163660 PMCID: PMC10758330 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early trauma significantly affects the severity of panic disorder (PD) symptoms and suicidal ideation. However, few studies have explored the specific effects of different early trauma subtypes on PD. This study analyzed how childhood trauma subtypes, including general, physical, emotional, and sexual, influence panic and phobia levels and suicidal ideation in adults with PD and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS In total, 455 adults with PD and 149 HCs participated in this study. The independent variables were sociodemographic and clinical variables such as coping strategies and early trauma subtypes from the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form. The dependent variables were the Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire (APPQ), the Panic Disorder Severity Scale, and the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI). RESULTS Early emotional trauma significantly influenced the APPQ scores, whereas early physical trauma significantly influenced the SSI scores in patients with PD. However, in HCs, only early emotional trauma was significantly associated with the APPQ and SSI scores. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the influence of early trauma subtypes on the phobic symptom severity of PD and suicidal ideation among patients with PD. Early emotional trauma is associated with the severity of phobic symptoms, whereas early physical trauma is associated with suicidal ideation, suggesting distinct clinical outcomes based on the type of trauma in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Family Environment and Welfare, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hwan Yook
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Kiu Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Zhang X, Dai S, Jiang X, Huang W, Zhou Q, Wang S. The pathways from disadvantaged socioeconomic status in childhood to edentulism in mid-to-late adulthood over the life-course. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:150. [PMID: 37553562 PMCID: PMC10408210 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-01865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the direct and indirect pathways from childhood socioeconomic status (SES) to the prevalence of edentulism in mid-to-late age Chinese individuals using structural equation modeling (SEM). METHODS This study analyzed data from 17,032 mid- to-late age Chinese individuals in the 2014 and 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Childhood SES was determined based on the parents' education and occupation, financial situation of the family, primary residence, food availability, and medical convenience. Adulthood SES was established according to educational achievements of the individuals. Edentulism is defined as the loss of all natural teeth. SEM was used to examine the statistical significance of the association between childhood SES and edentulism, mediated by childhood health, adulthood SES, and adult health. RESULTS Childhood SES had significant indirect (β = -0.026, p < 0.01), and total (β = -0.040, p < 0.01) effects on edentulism. It was determined that 65% of the total effect of childhood SES on edentulism was indirect, and mainly mediated by adult SES. Also, the goodness-of-fit indices of the best-fitting model were acceptable. CONCLUSION This study revealed that childhood health, adult health and adult SES are mediators that explain the relationship between childhood SES and edentulism. The global attention to alleviate the inequality in edentulism should focus on exploring recommendations and intervention strategies from childhood to adulthood, by considering adult SES, childhood and adult health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Zhang
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shuping Dai
- School of Marxism, Handong Women's University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Wenhao Huang
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Nursing, Jiangsu Lianyungang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, 222007, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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Ortiz-Llorens M, Cabib I, Bambs C. Childhood Socioeconomic Position and Cardiovascular Disease Among Older Women and Men: The Moderating Role of Parenthood Onset. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604884. [DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Based on a life-course approach, the purpose of this study is to analyze how the age at the birth of a first child moderates the relationship between childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) incidence in old age, separately for women and men.Methods: We used a rich and representative life history survey of people aged from 65 to 75 living in Santiago, Chile (n = 802), and weighted multivariate statistical models. Data collection process involved the use of face-to-face life history calendars, administered by well-trained interviewers.Results: Early motherhood increases the risk of suffering CVD among older women with a disadvantaged childhood SEP, while late motherhood decreases it. By contrast, early fatherhood decreases CVD risk among older men with an adverse childhood SEP, while late fatherhood increases it.Conclusion: Our findings about the moderating role of parenthood onset on CVD risk among older women and men with a disadvantaged childhood SEP contributes to public health reflections on unexplored cardiovascular risk factors, which lead to substantial changes in women’s and men’s life courses, and might optimize cardiovascular prevention strategies.
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Hou W, Guan F, Xia L, Xu Y, Huang S, Zeng P. Investigating the influence of breastfeeding on asthma in children under 12 years old in the UK Biobank. Front Immunol 2022; 13:967101. [PMID: 36248866 PMCID: PMC9559182 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood-onset asthma (COA) has become a major and growing problem worldwide and imposes a heavy socioeconomic burden on individuals and families; therefore, understanding the influence of early-life experiences such as breastfeeding on COA is of great importance for early prevention. Objectives To investigate the impact of breastfeeding on asthma in children under 12 years of age and explore its role at two different stages of age in the UK Biobank cohort. Methods A total of 7,157 COA cases and 158,253 controls were obtained, with information regarding breastfeeding, COA, and other important variables available through questionnaires. The relationship between breastfeeding and COA were examined with the logistic regression while adjusting for available covariates. In addition, a sibling analysis was performed on 398 pairs of siblings to explain unmeasured family factors, and a genetic risk score analysis was performed to control for genetic confounding impact. Finally, a power evaluation was conducted in the sibling data. Results In the full cohort, it was identified that breastfeeding had a protective effect on COA (the adjusted odds ratio (OR)=0.875, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.831~0.922; P=5.75×10-7). The impact was slightly pronounced in children aged 6-12 years (OR=0.852, 95%CIs: 0.794~0.914, P=7.41×10-6) compared to those aged under six years (OR=0.904, 95%CIs: 0.837~0.975, P=9.39×10-3), although such difference was not substantial (P=0.266). However, in the sibling cohort these protective effects were no longer significant largely due to inadequate samples as it was demonstrated that the power was only 23.8% for all children in the sibling cohort under our current setting. The protective effect of breastfeeding on COA was nearly unchanged after incorporating the genetic risk score into both the full and sibling cohorts. Conclusions Our study offered supportive evidence for the protective effect of breastfeeding against asthma in children less than 12 years of age; however, sibling studies with larger samples were warranted to further validate the robustness our results against unmeasured family confounders. Our findings had the potential to encourage mothers to initiate and prolong breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Hou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fengjun Guan
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shuiping Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China,Center for Medical Statistics and Data Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Shuiping Huang, ; Ping Zeng,
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China,Center for Medical Statistics and Data Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China,Engineering Research Innovation Center of Biological Data Mining and Healthcare Transformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Shuiping Huang, ; Ping Zeng,
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Pfluger V, Rohner SL, Eising CM, Maercker A, Thoma MV. Associations Between Complex Trauma Exposure in Childhood/Adolescence and Psychopathology in Older Age: The Role of Stress Coping and Coping Self-Perception. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:539-551. [PMID: 35958721 PMCID: PMC9360395 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-021-00419-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Complex trauma exposure in childhood and/or adolescence is common and has repeatedly been linked to mental ill-health across the lifespan. While the correlates of complex trauma and mental health are well-studied in individuals up to middle adulthood, correlates in older adulthood, as well as potential mediators of this relationship, such as stress coping, are insufficiently studied. Therefore, this study aimed to (a) examine the mental health of Swiss older adults affected by complex trauma exposure in childhood and/or adolescence, in comparison to non-affected individuals; and (b) to examine the potential mediating role of coping strategies and coping self-perception. Data from N = 257 participants (complex trauma [CT] group: n = 161; M age = 69.66 years, 48.4% female; non-complex trauma [nCT] group: n = 96; M age = 72.49 years, 42.7% female) were assessed using self-report questionnaires and a clinical interview. The CT group presented with significantly more current and lifetime mental health disorders, more disadvantageous coping strategies, and significantly lower coping self-perception, compared to the nCT group. Mediation analyses revealed that maladaptive coping and coping self-perception were relevant mediators of the relationship between complex trauma exposure and psychopathology. Results suggest that complex trauma exposure in childhood and/or adolescence can have a lasting impact on mental health in later life and can be negatively associated with stress coping. Findings emphasize the relevance of a lifespan perspective in research and clinical practice for addressing consequences of complex trauma exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Pfluger
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, University Research Priority Program, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shauna L. Rohner
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, University Research Priority Program, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carla M. Eising
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, University Research Priority Program, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Maercker
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, University Research Priority Program, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Myriam V. Thoma
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, University Research Priority Program, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Rogers MM, Szkody E, McKinney C. Emerging Adult Report of Childhood Maltreatment and Related Facets of Impulsivity. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP12310-NP12327. [PMID: 33685270 DOI: 10.1177/0886260521997952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is related to a host of outcomes, many of which may be partially explained by the transdiagnostic factor of impulsivity. The research linking maltreatment to impulsivity is well supported. However, research differentiating between emotional and physical maltreatment and impulsivity is lacking, particularly with regard to facets of trait impulsivity. Thus, the current study examined the links between childhood emotional and physical maltreatment and current impulsivity traits of positive and negative urgency, lack of perseverance, lack of premeditation, and sensation seeking in emerging adults. Furthermore, effects of maltreatment are known to differ by the gender of the parent and the gender of the child. Thus, differences between parent-emerging adult child gender dyads were also examined. Results suggested both physical and emotional maltreatment were associated with negative urgency across the parent-child gender dyads. Emotional maltreatment and physical maltreatment differed in relation to impulsivity facet across parent and child gender. Results contribute to a knowledge base to use in future exploration of emotional and physical maltreatment outcomes and targets of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Moussa Rogers
- Mississippi State University, Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 6161, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762
| | - Erica Szkody
- Mississippi State University, Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 6161, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762
| | - Cliff McKinney
- Mississippi State University, Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 6161, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762
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Lackova Rebicova M, Dankulincova Veselska Z, Madarasova Geckova A, Jansen DEMC, van Dijk JP, Reijneveld SA. Are Adverse Childhood Experiences Associated With Being in the System of Care? Front Psychol 2022; 13:909737. [PMID: 35814085 PMCID: PMC9263823 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.909737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can cause serious mental problems in adolescents and therefore may expected to be associated with higher use of psychosocial care, potentially varying by type of specific ACE. The aim of our study is to explore the association of the number of ACE and types of specific ACE with entering and using psychosocial care.MethodsWe used data from the Slovak Care4Youth cohort study, comprising 509 adolescents from 10 to 16 years old (mean age 13.2 years, 48.6% boys). We used logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, and family affluence to explore the associations of number and type of specific ACE with the use of psychosocial care.ResultsHaving three or more ACE as well as experiencing some specific ACE (death of a mother/father, death of somebody else you love, problems of a parent with alcohol or drugs, conflicts or physical fights between parents, and separation/divorce of parents) increased the likelihood of using psychosocial care. Regarding experience with the death of somebody else you love, we found a decreased likelihood of the use of psychosocial care.ConclusionExperiencing ACE above a certain threshold (three or more) and parent-related ACE increase the likelihood of adolescent care use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriama Lackova Rebicova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Department of Community and Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Miriama Lackova Rebicova,
| | - Zuzana Dankulincova Veselska
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Department of Community and Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Andrea Madarasova Geckova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Department of Community and Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Danielle E. M. C. Jansen
- Theoretical Sociology - Department Sociology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jitse P. van Dijk
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Department of Community and Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Sijmen A. Reijneveld
- Department of Community and Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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10
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Pfluger V, Rohner SL, Eising CM, Maercker A, Thoma MV. Internalizing Mental Health Disorders and Emotion Regulation: A Comparative and Mediational Study of Older Adults With and Without a History of Complex Trauma Exposure. Front Psychol 2022; 13:820345. [PMID: 35814079 PMCID: PMC9260226 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.820345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with complex trauma exposure (CTE) in early life (i.e., childhood/adolescence) are at heightened risk for developing problems in various domains of functioning. As such, CTE has repeatedly been linked to internalizing mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety, as well as emotion dysregulation across the lifespan. While these correlates of CTE are comparatively well studied up to middle adulthood, they are insufficiently studied in older adulthood. Therefore, this study aimed to (a) compare Swiss older adults with and without a CTE history regarding current and lifetime internalizing mental health disorders and emotion regulation strategies; and (b) to examine the potential mediating role of emotion regulation in the mental health disparities between these groups. A total of N = 257 participants (age = 49-95 years; 46.3% female) were assessed in a retrospective, cross-sectional study, using two face-to-face interviews. The CTE group (n = 161; M age = 69.66 years, 48.4% female) presented with significantly more current and lifetime internalizing mental health disorders than the non-affected (nCTE) group (n = 96; M age = 72.49 years, 42.7% female). The CTE group showed significantly higher emotion suppression and lower emotion reappraisal compared to the nCTE group. Mediation analysis revealed that the two emotion regulation strategies were significant mediators between CTE history and internalizing mental health disorders. Findings emphasize the relevance of emotion (dys-)regulation in understanding mental health disparities in older age and deciding about treatment strategies. Research and practice should pay more attention to the needs of this high-risk group of older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Pfluger
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Ageing, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shauna L. Rohner
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Ageing, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carla M. Eising
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Ageing, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Maercker
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Ageing, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Myriam V. Thoma
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Ageing, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Maercker A, Bernays F, Rohner SL, Thoma MV. A cascade model of complex posttraumatic stress disorder centered on childhood trauma and maltreatment, attachment, and socio-interpersonal factors. J Trauma Stress 2022; 35:446-460. [PMID: 34800054 PMCID: PMC9299117 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study proposes and tests a cascade model of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) focusing on childhood trauma and maltreatment, attachment, and socio-interpersonal factors. Multigroup path analysis was used to examine data from 126 individuals formerly affected by compulsory social measures and placements (CSMP) in their childhood and/or adolescence (i.e., risk group [RG]; M age = 70.8 years) and an age-matched control group (CG; n = 125; M age = 70.6 years). The final model confirmed the cascade structure, with stronger associations emerging in the RG. Childhood trauma and maltreatment were associated with attachment anxiety, β = |.20|-.30, which was related to all socio-interpersonal factors (i.e., disclosure of trauma, social acknowledgment, and social support), β = .27-|.54|; the latter were associated with substantial aspects of the CPTSD symptoms as well as life satisfaction, β = |.21|-.42. Among participants in the CG, we observed more direct, rather than mediated, paths to CPTSD symptoms. Adulthood trauma exposure did not follow the full cascade pattern but was associated with the socio-interpersonal factors. Nevertheless, more in-depth clinical knowledge of CPTSD and potential targets for psychological treatment may be gained from the confirmation of this newly proposed cascade model of CPTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Maercker
- Institute of Psychology, Division of Psychopathology and Clinical InterventionUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland,University Research Priority Program: Dynamics of Healthy AgingUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Florence Bernays
- Institute of Psychology, Division of Psychopathology and Clinical InterventionUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Shauna L. Rohner
- Institute of Psychology, Division of Psychopathology and Clinical InterventionUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland,University Research Priority Program: Dynamics of Healthy AgingUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Myriam V. Thoma
- Institute of Psychology, Division of Psychopathology and Clinical InterventionUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland,University Research Priority Program: Dynamics of Healthy AgingUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
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12
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Alpheis S, Altenmüller E, Scholz DS. Influence of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Perfectionism on Musician's Dystonia: a Case Control Study. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2022; 12:8. [PMID: 35415008 PMCID: PMC8932351 DOI: 10.5334/tohm.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Musician's dystonia (MD) is a task-specific movement disorder characterized by muscle cramps and impaired voluntary motor-control whilst playing a musical instrument. Recent studies suggest an involvement of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in the development of MD. Objectives By investigating the prevalence of ACEs in MD patients with perfectionism as possible mediating factor this study aims to gain further insights into the etiology of MD. Methods The Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale (ACE-S), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Frost's Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) were answered by 128 MD patients and 136 healthy musicians. Regression and mediator analyses were conducted to identify relevant predictors of MD and to investigate the role of perfectionism. Results The CTQ total score (OR: 1.04; 95% CI [1.01, 1.08]) and the sub-score "emotional neglect" (OR: 1.13; 95% CI [1.02, 1.25]) were identified as two predictors of MD. Patients scored significantly higher on the sub-score emotional neglect, but no significant differences were observed for other forms of ACEs. Perfectionism had no mediating function on the association between ACEs and MD. Discussion Though only slight differences between both groups were found, there is a trend towards higher rates of emotional neglect among dystonic musicians. A possible explanation for the association between musician's dystonia and emotional neglect could be a lower stress resilience in musicians with a history of ACEs, which increases vulnerability to acquire dysfunctional movement patterns.These tendencies should be further investigated in future studies in which the MD and HM groups are more evenly matched in sex and age. Highlights We investigated the role of Adverse Childhood Experiences in the development of musician's dystonia, comparing a large sample of healthy musicians and dystonia patients. Our findings suggest that experiencing emotional neglect might increase the probability to acquire musician's dystonia. The findings offer new implications for etiology and treatment of dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Alpheis
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musician’s Medicine, Hannover University of Music, Drama and Media, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckart Altenmüller
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musician’s Medicine, Hannover University of Music, Drama and Media, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel S. Scholz
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musician’s Medicine, Hannover University of Music, Drama and Media, Hannover, Germany
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13
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See Mey L, Khairudin R, Tengku Muda TEA, Abdullah @ Mohd Nor H, Kamaluddin MR. The Mediating Role of Forgiveness and Self-Efficacy in the Relationship Between Childhood Maltreatment and Treatment Motivation Among Malaysian Male Drug Addicts. Front Psychol 2022; 13:816373. [PMID: 35360613 PMCID: PMC8963337 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.816373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported high rates of childhood maltreatment among individuals with drug addiction problems; however, investigation about the potentially protective factors to mitigate the effects of maltreatment experiences on motivation to engage in addiction treatment has received less attention. This study aims at exploring the mediating effects of forgiveness and self-efficacy on the association between childhood maltreatment and treatment motivation among drug addicts. A total of 360 male drug addicts (mean age = 33.34, SD = 7.25) were recruited from three mandatory inpatient rehabilitation centers in Malaysia. Participants completed a package of self-report questionnaires including measures of childhood maltreatment experiences, forgiveness, self-efficacy, and motivation for treatment. The analysis conducted using the structural equation model (SEM) revealed that childhood maltreatment significantly predicted lower treatment motivation, while forgiveness and self-efficacy played a fully mediating role regarding the effect of childhood maltreatment on treatment motivation. In conclusion, these findings suggest that combining the element of forgiveness and self-efficacy in treatment programs appears to benefit the drug addicts with childhood maltreatment history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loy See Mey
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Rozainee Khairudin
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | | | - Hilwa Abdullah @ Mohd Nor
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
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14
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Huang YT, Liang Z, Emery C. Sexual Minority Stress, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Obesity Among Gay Men in Taiwan: Findings from a Panel Study. LGBT Health 2022; 9:169-176. [PMID: 35255225 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2021.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Obesity is linked to personal behaviors and external stressors. Despite emerging evidence that sexual minority stress (SMS) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with the risk of obesity, little is known about their independent and interactive effects on sexual minority men. This study investigated these relationships using panel data. Methods: Self-identified gay and bisexual adult men in Taiwan were recruited through Facebook advertisements to complete an online questionnaire. This study reports only on data from the gay subsample (n = 731, mean age = 28.05 years, standard deviation = 5.75 years) as the bisexual subsample (n = 132) was insufficient for comparative statistical analysis. Over two time points, respondents reported their body weight and height, experiences with SMS, and ACEs on an online survey platform. Data analysis was conducted using multiple logistic regression to determine the individual and interactive effects of the ACE score, ACE components, and SMS on the odds for obesity. Results: Almost 16% of the respondents met the criterion for obesity (body-mass index ≥27). In the adjusted models, neither SMS nor ACEs had significant associations with the likelihood of obesity. Only the interaction term of SMS and childhood sexual abuse was significant, indicating that victims of sexual abuse have an increased likelihood of obesity that SMS may intensify. Conclusions: This study shows that gay men who experience childhood sexual abuse and SMS accumulatively faced an increased risk of obesity. Healthy weight promotion for these men should address these stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Te Huang
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zurong Liang
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Clifton Emery
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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15
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Lackova Rebicova M, Dankulincova Veselska Z, Husarova D, Madarasova Geckova A, Jansen DEMC, van Dijk JP, Reijneveld SA. Does Resilience Mediate the Association of Adverse Early Childhood Experiences With Emotional and Behavioural Problems? Int J Public Health 2021; 66:1604006. [PMID: 34899140 PMCID: PMC8656252 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2021.1604006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To explore the role of resilience as a mediator in the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and emotional and behavioural problems (EBP) among adolescents. Methods: We used data from the Slovak 2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, comprising 2,839 adolescents aged 13–15 (mean age 13.93; 49.6% boys). We used multivariate linear regression performed on 5000 bootstrap samples adjusted for age, gender, family affluence to explore mediation of the associations between ACE (measured using the adapted Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire) and EBP (measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) by resilience (measured with the Child and Youth Resilience Measure). Results: We found ACE [B = 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67|0.90] and resilience (B = −0.73; 95% CI: −0.79|−0.67) to be significantly associated with EBP. The association of ACE and EBP was mediated by resilience. The mediated indirect effect of resilience was ab = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.18|0.32. Conclusion: Resilience seems to play a mediator role in the relationship between ACE and EBP. Helping adolescents with ACE to build and use internal and external sources of resilience can decrease the negative impact of ACE on EBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriama Lackova Rebicova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia.,Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia.,Department of Community and Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Zuzana Dankulincova Veselska
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia.,Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia.,Department of Community and Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Daniela Husarova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia.,Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia.,Department of Community and Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Andrea Madarasova Geckova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia.,Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia.,Department of Community and Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech
| | - Danielle E M C Jansen
- Department of Community and Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jitse P van Dijk
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia.,Department of Community and Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech
| | - Sijmen A Reijneveld
- Department of Community and Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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16
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Lackova Rebicova M, Dankulincova Veselska Z, Husarova D, Madarasova Geckova A, Jansen DEMC, van Dijk JP, Reijneveld SA. Does Schoolmate and Teacher Support Buffer against the Effect of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Emotional and Behavioural Problems? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413009. [PMID: 34948619 PMCID: PMC8701890 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the associations of schoolmate and teacher support with emotional and behavioural problems (EBP) and whether schoolmate and teacher support affects the associations of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and of EBP in adolescence. We obtained data from 5220 students aged from 11 to 15 (48.7% boys), who participated in the Health Behaviour in a School-aged Children study (2018, Slovakia). Using logistic regression adjusted for gender, age and family affluence we assessed the modification of the relations of ACE and EBP by schoolmate and teacher support. Schoolmate and teacher support decreased the probability of EBP (Odds Ratios, 95% confidence intervals: 0.76, 0.74|0.79; and 0.86, 0.83|0.89, respectively). However, we found no statistically significant interactions of schoolmate and teacher support regarding the association of ACE with EBP. Schoolmate and teacher support decreased the likelihood of EBP among adolescents but do not buffer the relation of any previous ACE with EBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriama Lackova Rebicova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia; (Z.D.V.); (D.H.); (A.M.G.)
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-055-234-3263
| | - Zuzana Dankulincova Veselska
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia; (Z.D.V.); (D.H.); (A.M.G.)
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Daniela Husarova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia; (Z.D.V.); (D.H.); (A.M.G.)
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Andrea Madarasova Geckova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia; (Z.D.V.); (D.H.); (A.M.G.)
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Danielle E. M. C. Jansen
- Department of Community & Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.E.M.C.J.); (S.A.R.)
| | - Jitse P. van Dijk
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Community & Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.E.M.C.J.); (S.A.R.)
| | - Sijmen A. Reijneveld
- Department of Community & Occupational Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.E.M.C.J.); (S.A.R.)
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17
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Sheikh MA. Confounding, Mediation, or Independent Effect? Childhood Psychological Abuse, Mental Health, Mood/Psychological State, COPD, and Migraine. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP8706-NP8723. [PMID: 31046532 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519844773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In some settings, it may be difficult to differentiate between a confounder and a mediator. For instance, the observed association of self-reported childhood psychological abuse (CPA) with onset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and migraine may be confounded by current mood/psychological state (e.g., the subjective evaluation of one's own affective state), as well as mediated by an individual's psychopathological symptoms. In this study, we propose the "independence hypothesis," which could prove meaningful to explore in data that lack prospective or objective indices of CPA. We used cross-sectional data from wave VI (2007-2008) of the Tromsø Study, Norway (N = 12,981). The associations between CPA and COPD and migraine were assessed with Poisson regression models. CPA was associated with a 46% increased risk of COPD (relative risk [RR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.02, 1.90]) and a 28% increased risk of migraine in adulthood (RR = 1.28, 95% CI: [1.04, 1.53]), independent of age, sex, parental history of psychiatric problems/asthma/dementia, smoking, respondent's mood/psychological state, and mental health. These findings suggest that the association between retrospectively reported CPA and COPD and migraine is not driven entirely by respondent's mood/psychological state and mental health. Assessing the independent effect of self-reported CPA on COPD and migraine in retrospective studies may prove more meaningful than exploring the mediating role of mental health. Here, we provide the analytical rationale for assessing the independent effect in settings where it is difficult to differentiate between a confounder and a mediator. Moreover, we provide a theoretical rationale for assessing the independent effect of retrospectively reported childhood adversity on health and well-being.
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18
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Eising CM, Voelkle MC, Rohner SL, Maercker A, Thoma MV. Lifetime post-traumatic stress disorder in older individuals with a history of institutional upbringing in childhood: the role of social acknowledgement and stressful life events. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1915578. [PMID: 34104349 PMCID: PMC8168734 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1915578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Child maltreatment (CM), particularly in institutional contexts, can affect the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research suggests that factors during CM (e.g. severity, variety, duration) and in the aftermath of CM (e.g. stressful life events, and social acknowledgement, i.e. the degree to which an individual feels validated and supported following a traumatic event) can explain some of the heterogeneity in PTSD development. However, there is a lack of research on long-term correlates of CM and mitigating factors, with only a few studies having been conducted with older survivors of institutional upbringing. Such research is relevant, given the long-term associations between CM and the older age status of many survivors. Objective: The current study examined the link between CM and PTSD in older individuals with a history of institutional upbringing (risk group; RG) and a matched control group (CG). Differences in stressful life events and social acknowledgement were also investigated. Method: Participants were n = 116 RG (Mage = 70.25 years, 41% female) and n = 122 CG (Mage = 70.71 years, 51% female). Data was assessed using self-report questionnaires and a clinical interview. Results: The RG reported higher levels of exposure to CM. Lifetime PTSD showed a bigger association with the level of exposure to CM, compared to having an institutional upbringing. Participants with higher CM levels reported more stressful life events. High levels of social acknowledgement mediated the relationship between CM and PTSD in the CG. Conclusions: Exposure to CM had a stronger association with PTSD than a history of institutional upbringing. In the CG, the survivors' perception of social acknowledgement ameliorated lifetime PTSD to a small extent. A critical issue for policy makers should be to enhance safeguarding measures against CM exposure, not only in institutional contexts, but also more generally, given the link to PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Eising
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Programme "Dynamics of Healthy Ageing", University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Voelkle
- Psychological Research Methods, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shauna L Rohner
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Programme "Dynamics of Healthy Ageing", University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Maercker
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Programme "Dynamics of Healthy Ageing", University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Myriam V Thoma
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Programme "Dynamics of Healthy Ageing", University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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19
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Chaplin AB, Jones PB, Khandaker GM. Sexual and physical abuse and depressive symptoms in the UK Biobank. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:248. [PMID: 34001033 PMCID: PMC8127207 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between sexual and physical abuse and subsequent depression is well-established, but the associations with specific depressive symptoms and sex differences remain relatively understudied. We investigated the associations of sexual and physical abuse with depressive symptoms in men and women in a large population cohort. METHODS Observational study based on 151,396 UK Biobank participants. Exposures included self-reported experiences of childhood physical abuse and sexual abuse. Mid-life outcomes included current depressive symptoms score, individual depressive symptoms, and lifetime depression. We used logistic regression to test associations of childhood sexual/physical abuse with depressive outcomes. RESULTS Recalled childhood sexual and physical abuse were both associated with current depressive symptoms score in adults. Results for individual symptoms-based analyses suggest that sexual and physical abuse are associated with all depressive symptoms, particularly suicidal behaviours. The associations between lifetime depression and sexual/physical abuse were not fully explained by current depressive symptoms score, indicating that these findings may not be fully attributable to recall bias. There was no indication of differential risk for specific depressive symptoms among men and women. CONCLUSIONS Sexual and physical abuse are robust risk factors for depression/depressive symptoms regardless of sex. Higher risk of suicidal behaviours associated with childhood sexual/physical abuse are of particular concern. Longitudinal research into sex-specific associations for individual depressive symptoms is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B. Chaplin
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter B. Jones
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.450563.10000 0004 0412 9303Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Golam M. Khandaker
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.450563.10000 0004 0412 9303Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ,grid.439418.3Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
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20
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Ouellette MJ, Rowa K, Soreni N, Elcock A, McCabe RE. Exposure to stressful and traumatic life events in hoarding: Comparison to clinical controls. J Clin Psychol 2021; 77:2216-2227. [PMID: 33963770 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with hoarding report stressful and traumatic life events at an elevated rate compared with those with obsessive-compulsive disorder and healthy controls, but have not been compared with other clinical groups. This study compared rates of traumatic life events between those with clinically significant hoarding, anxiety disorders, or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), hypothesizing that rates would be higher in the hoarding and PTSD groups than the anxiety group. METHODS Rates of traumatic and stressful events were compared across groups. RESULTS All comparisons across groups on types of events were significant (partial-eta squared 0.051-0.162). The hoarding group endorsed significantly more crime-related events but similar rates of other events as compared to the PTSD and anxiety disorder groups. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that many stressful and traumatic life events are not uniquely elevated in hoarding when compared with other clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélise J Ouellette
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Rowa
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noam Soreni
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashleigh Elcock
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Randi E McCabe
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Childhood adversity trajectories and PTSD in young adulthood: A nationwide Danish register-based cohort study of more than one million individuals. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 136:274-280. [PMID: 33621913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We examine the association between trajectories of childhood adversities and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) using a register-based Danish cohort. The DANish LIFE Course (DANLIFE) cohort includes and prospectively follows all individuals born in Denmark from 1980. We estimated the rate of PTSD diagnosed from age 16, according to childhood adversity trajectories from age 0 to 16 (n = 1 277 548). Trajectories were previously defined into 5 groups: Low Adversity, Early Life Material Deprivation, Persistent Material Deprivation, Loss or Threat of Loss, And High Adversity. We then estimated adjusted relative hazard ratios (aHR), and absolute hazards differences of PTSD according to childhood adversity trajectories in adjusted survival analysis. All analyses were stratified by sex. Individuals were followed for a median of 10·1 years a fter their 16th birthday, and 4966 individuals were diagnosed with PTSD. Compared with the low adversity group, children exposed to childhood adversity were more likely to be diagnosed with PTSD. The aHR for PTSD varied from 1·4 (95% CI: 1·3-1·5) in the Early Life Material Deprivation group, to 3·7 (3·3-4·1) in the High Adversity group, which corresponds to 8·3 extra cases of PTSD per 10 000 person years. The relative associations were comparable in men and women, but approximately twice as many women compared with men were affected. We report a clear association between exposure to childhood adversities and PTSD in young adulthood. The highest burden was among women in the high adversity group.
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22
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Cusimano MD, Korman MB, Carpino M, Feher A, Puvirajasingam J, Zhang S, Hwang SW, Tepperman L. The Temporal Relations of Traumatic Brain Injury, Victimization, Aggression, and Homelessness: A Developmental Trajectory. Neurotrauma Rep 2021; 2:103-114. [PMID: 33748815 PMCID: PMC7968566 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2020.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs more frequently in homeless persons than the general public. Both homelessness and TBI have been linked to experiences of violence (e.g., aggression and victimization). This study aimed to understand the temporal occurrences of events over the life course that contribute to vulnerabilities to TBI, victimization, aggression, and homelessness. A life-course perspective was used in this thematic analysis of in-person interviews with homeless persons. A total of 33 homeless persons met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-five of 33 (76%) participants had a self-reported history of TBI. Seventy-six percent of TBI events occurred before the onset of homelessness. Assault was the most common mechanism of TBI. During childhood, TBI was a frequently reported event, and parent- or guardian-related physical and sexual abuse were also accentuated with peer abuse, which may have contributed to a unique developmental trajectory. Aggressive behaviors were reported more commonly in persons who previously endured physical, sexual, and emotional victimization early in childhood. The cumulative effect of early adverse events, including TBI and other forms of victimization, subsequent aggression, and further TBI occurring later in life, may create an “at-risk” or vulnerable state preceding homelessness. Precipitating events during adulthood may contribute to a state of homelessness. Homelessness itself may facilitate the context for recurring physical and emotional injury, some of which may be preventable. Future studies should examine the temporality of events related to victimization by physical trauma, such as TBI, aggression, and homelessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Cusimano
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa B Korman
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Carpino
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anita Feher
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeevithaa Puvirajasingam
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stanley Zhang
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen W Hwang
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lorne Tepperman
- Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Lackova Rebicova M, Dankulincova Veselska Z, Husarova D, Klein D, Madarasova Geckova A, van Dijk JP, Reijneveld SA. Does family communication moderate the association between adverse childhood experiences and emotional and behavioural problems? BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1264. [PMID: 32819332 PMCID: PMC7439671 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and poor family support and communication can increase emotional and behavioural problems (EBP). Therefore, we assessed the association of difficult communication with mother and with father separately with both emotional and behavioural problems (EBP), and whether adolescents' communication with mother and with father moderates the association of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) with the EBP of adolescents. METHODS We used data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study conducted in 2018 in Slovakia, comprising 5202 adolescents aged from 11 to 15 (mean age 13.53; 49.3% boys). EBP were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. We used generalized linear regression adjusted for age, gender and family affluence to explore the modification of the associations between ACE and EBP by communication (easy vs. difficult communication) with mother and father. RESULTS Difficult communication or a complete lack of communication due to the absence of mother and father increased the probability of emotional (exp (b): 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92|1.00; and 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91|0.99, respectively) and also of behavioural problems (exp (b): 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92|1.00; and 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90|0.97, respectively). We found a statistically significant interaction of communication with father on the association of ACE with EBP, showing that the joint effects were less than multiplicative. CONCLUSION Difficult communication with mother and father is related to EBP among adolescents, and adolescents' communication with father moderates the association of ACE with both emotional and behavioural problems among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriama Lackova Rebicova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Metodology, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic. .,Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 04001, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Zuzana Dankulincova Veselska
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Metodology, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic.,Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 04001, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Daniela Husarova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Metodology, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic.,Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 04001, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Daniel Klein
- Institute of Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, P.J. Safarik University, Srobarova 2, 04154, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Madarasova Geckova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Metodology, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic.,Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 04001, Kosice, Slovak Republic.,Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University, Univerzitni 22, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jitse P van Dijk
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 04001, Kosice, Slovak Republic.,Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University, Univerzitni 22, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sijmen A Reijneveld
- Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
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24
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Lopes S, Hallak JEC, Machado de Sousa JP, Osório FDL. Adverse childhood experiences and chronic lung diseases in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1720336. [PMID: 32128046 PMCID: PMC7034480 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1720336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) affect physical and mental health and may appear as risk factors for the development of different conditions in adult life. Objective: To perform a literature review and meta-analysis on risk indicators for the development of chronic lung diseases in adulthood associated with ACE. Method: We conducted a systematic literature review according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines using the online databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Quantitative studies involving male and female adults were included. Fixed- and random-effect models were used in the estimation of meta-analytical measures. The heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I2 statistics and Cochran's Q test. Results: A total of 19 studies were selected for the meta-analysis. The analyses showed statistically significant associations between ACE and lung diseases in general (OR = 1.41; CI 95%: 1.28-1.54), besides specific associations with asthma (OR = 1.32; CI 95%: 1.13-1.50) and COPD (OR = 1.44; CI 95%: 1.13-1.76). When the mediating effect of smoking was assessed separately we found a significant - although not quite expressive - association (OR = 1.06; CI 95%: 1.02 to 1.10), which weakens the hypothesis that a direct relationship exists between childhood trauma and the occurrence of lung diseases. Conclusions: ACE are an important risk factor for the development of lung diseases in adulthood, whether through direct or indirect contribution to this outcome, which highlights the relevance of increasing the awareness of health staff for the early detection and intervention in situations of vulnerability or risk in childhood as an important preventative measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lopes
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaime Eduardo Cecilio Hallak
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology (INCT-TM, CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Machado de Sousa
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology (INCT-TM, CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Flávia de Lima Osório
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology (INCT-TM, CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
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25
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Bürgin D, Boonmann C, Schmid M, Tripp P, O'Donovan A. Fact or artefact? Childhood adversity and adulthood trauma in the U.S. population-based Health and Retirement Study. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1721146. [PMID: 32128049 PMCID: PMC7034429 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1721146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the well-known deleterious health effects of childhood adversity (CA) and adulthood trauma (AT) and ageing of the global population, little is known about self-reported CA and AT in older populations. Existing findings are mixed due to methodological and sampling artefacts, in particular, recall and selection biases, and due to age-period-cohort effects. Objectives: We aim to first, provide data on the prevalence of retrospective self-reported CA and AT in a large population-based sample of older adults and, second, to discuss the data in the context of major methodological and sampling artefacts, and age-period-cohort effects. Method: Data are derived from the U.S. population-based Health and Retirement Study (N = 19,547, mean age = 67.24 ± 11.33, 59% female). Seven birth-cohorts were included (<1924, 1924-1930, 1931-1941, 1942-1947, 1948-1953, 1954-1959, >1959). Results: Overall, 35% of participants reported CA and 62% AT, with strong variability among birth-cohorts. Opposing trends were observed regarding prevalence of CA and AT. As age of cohorts increased, prevalence of CAs decreased while that of ATs increased. Investigating the distributions of incidence of specific ATs across age and period per cohort revealed incidence of exposure was associated with (1) age (e.g. having lost a child), (2) time-period (e.g. major disaster), and (3) cohort (e.g. military combat). Conclusions: Retrospective self-reported CA and AT in older samples should be interpreted with caution and with regard to major methodological challenges, including recall and selection biases. Untangling fact from artefact and examining age, period, and cohort effects will help elucidate profiles of lifetime exposures in older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bürgin
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research Department, University Psychiatric Hospitals, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Mental Health Services, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cyril Boonmann
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research Department, University Psychiatric Hospitals, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Schmid
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research Department, University Psychiatric Hospitals, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paige Tripp
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Mental Health Services, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aoife O'Donovan
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Mental Health Services, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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26
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Jackisch J, Brännström L, Almquist YB. Troubled childhoods cast long shadows: Childhood adversity and premature all-cause mortality in a Swedish cohort. SSM Popul Health 2019; 9:100506. [PMID: 31720363 PMCID: PMC6838963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Experiences of childhood adversity are common and have profound health impacts over the life course. Yet, studying health outcomes associated with childhood adversity is challenging due to a lack of conceptual clarity of childhood adversity, scarce prospective data, and selection bias. Using a 65-year follow-up of a Swedish cohort born in 1953 (n = 14,004), this study examined the relationship between childhood adversity (ages 0-18) and premature all-cause mortality (ages 19-65). Childhood adversity was operationalized as involvement with child welfare services, household dysfunction, and disadvantageous family socioeconomic conditions. Survival models were used to estimate how much of the association between child welfare service involvement and mortality could be explained by household dysfunction and socioeconomic conditions. Results show that individuals who were involved with child welfare services had higher hazards of dying prematurely than their majority population peers. These risks followed a gradient, ranging from a hazard ratio of 3.08 (95% CI: 2.68-3.53) among those placed in out-of-home care, followed by individuals subjected to in-home services who demonstrated a hazard ratio of 2.53 (95% CI: 1.93-3.32), to a hazard ratio of 1.81 among those investigated and not substantiated (95% CI: 1.55-2.12). Associations between involvement with child welfare services and premature all-cause mortality were robust to adjustment for household dysfunction and disadvantageous family socioeconomic conditions. Neither household dysfunction nor socioeconomic conditions were related with mortality independent of child welfare services involvement. This study suggests that involvement with child welfare services is a viable proxy for exposure to childhood adversity and avoids pitfalls of self-reported or retrospective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Jackisch
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Brännström
- Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ylva B Almquist
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Navarro-Mateu F, Quesada MP, Escámez T, Alcaráz MJ, Seiquer de la Peña C, Salmerón D, Huerta JM, Vilagut G, Chirlaque MD, Navarro C, Husky M, Kessler RC, Alonso J, Martínez S. Childhood adversities and 5-HTTLPR polymorphism as risk factors of substance use disorders: retrospective case-control study in Murcia (Spain). BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030328. [PMID: 31488488 PMCID: PMC6731914 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the separate and joint associations of childhood adversities and 5-HTTLPR polymorphism as risk factors for substance use disorders among adults. : Design : Retrospective case-control study. SETTING Cases from the substance unit and controls from a representative sample of the adult general population in the metropolitan area of Murcia (Spain). PARTICIPANTS Cases were defined as outpatients 18 years old or older currently in the treatment for alcohol, opioids or cocaine use disorders in the clinical unit. Controls were randomly selected among individuals without substance use disorders who participated in the Psychiatric Enquiry to General Population in Southeast Spain-Murcia (PEGASUS-Murcia) project, a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the adult general population. In all, 142 cases and 531 controls were interviewed and a subsample of 114 cases (80.3%) and 329 controls (62%) provided a biological sample. EXPOSURE A history of 12 childhood adversities, lifetime mental disorders and sociodemographic variables was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI)version 3.0). Buccal swabs were obtained to genotype the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism with the biallelic and the triallelic classification. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to estimate adjusted ORs and 95% CI. RESULTS Childhood adversities were associated with an elevated risk of substance use disorders (OR=5.77, 95% CI 3.46 to 9.61). Homozygotes for the short allele of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism also showed the elevated risk of substance use disorders for the biallelic and triallelic classification: (1.97 (1.10 to 3.55) and 2.01 (1.11 to 3.64), respectively). No evidence for gene × environment interactions was found. CONCLUSIONS Childhood adversities and the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism are involved in the aetiology of substance use disorders though findings exploring the existence of a gene-environment interaction were inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Navarro-Mateu
- Unidad de Docencia, Investigación y Formación en Salud Mental, Servicio Murciano de Salud, Murcia, Spain
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Murcia, Spain
| | - Mari Paz Quesada
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Teresa Escámez
- Biobanco-HUVA-AECC-FFIS, IMIB BIOBANCA-MUR, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mª José Alcaráz
- Fundación para la Formación e Investigación Sanitarias de la Región de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Diego Salmerón
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José María Huerta
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Murcia, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Council, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Murcia, Spain
- Programa de Investigación en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Médiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Chirlaque
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Murcia, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Council, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Navarro
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Murcia, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Council, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mathilde Husky
- Laboratoire de Psychologie, Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jordi Alonso
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Murcia, Spain
- Programa de Investigación en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Médiques), Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Verrocchio MC, Marchetti D, Carrozzino D, Compare A, Fulcheri M. Depression and quality of life in adults perceiving exposure to parental alienation behaviors. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2019; 17:14. [PMID: 30642341 PMCID: PMC6332910 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-019-1080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current study is aimed at examining the relationship between exposure to parental alienation (PA) behaviors, depression, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Italian adults. Methods Four hundred ninety-one adults were tested. Participants filled out the following self-rating scales: The Baker Strategy Questionnaire (BSQ), the Beck Depression Inventory – II (BDI-II) and its brief version (6-item version of the BDI-II), the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey for measuring HRQoL and its brief version including 3 items (WHO-3) of the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index. Results Findings revealed statistically significant differences between participants who reported PA and those who did not. Participants who reported exposure to PA behaviors had higher scores on the original BDI-II and its 6-item version (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively); they had also lower levels of HRQoL as resulting from 6 of the 8 SF-36 domains (at least p < 0.05), including lower scores on the WHO-3 (p < 0.01). Perceiving an exposure to PA behaviors significantly increased the likelihood of being above the clinical cut-off on the BDI-II (p < 0.01), the 6-item version of the BDI-II (p < 0.05), and the WHO-3 (p < 0.05). Moreover, perceiving an exposure to PA increased the odds of diminished HRQoL (OR = 2.43 and OR = 1.92 for general health and social functioning domains, respectively). Conclusions Childhood exposure to PA was related to higher likelihood of depressive symptoms and diminished HRQoL in adulthood. Our findings suggest the need for preventive and clinical interventions to protect vulnerable children involved in PA from negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Verrocchio
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - D Marchetti
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - D Carrozzino
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatric Centre North Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - A Compare
- Department of Human & Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - M Fulcheri
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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Coêlho BM, Santana GL, Duarte-Guerra LS, Viana MC, Neto FL, Andrade LH, Wang YP. The role of gender in the structure of networks of childhood adversity. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:348-356. [PMID: 30293013 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of present study is to investigate the relationship between different childhood adversities. The potential impact of early adversity on prevention programs is discussed. Data on twelve childhood adversities was collected from a representative sample of 5037 members of the general population living in a large metropolitan area. Data were analyzed through network analysis, to estimate and compare network connectivity and centrality measures by gender. Over half the respondents had been exposed to at least one adversity during their earlier developmental stage. Among adversity-exposed persons, 48.4% presented simultaneous adversities, most of which were related to 'family dysfunction' and 'maltreatment' (mean = 2.9 adversities). Women reported more adversities than men (59.0% vs. 47.6%). Although the 'global' network connectivity across adversities was similar in both genders, 'regional' distinctions in the network structure were found. While 'neglect' and 'parental death' were more important for women than men, 'parental mental disorders' was more important for men. Gender-related childhood adversities were clustered experiences. Adversities related to 'early family dysfunction' and 'maltreatment' were prominent features in the networks of both boys and girls. Differential preventive and intervention programs should take into account gender-related patterns of exposure and reporting patterns of early adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Mendonça Coêlho
- Nucleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiatrica (LIM-23), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Geilson Lima Santana
- Nucleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiatrica (LIM-23), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leorides Severo Duarte-Guerra
- Nucleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiatrica (LIM-23), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Carmen Viana
- Department of Social Medicine Post-Graduate Program in Public Health, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Francisco Lotufo Neto
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura Helena Andrade
- Nucleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiatrica (LIM-23), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yuan-Pang Wang
- Nucleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiatrica (LIM-23), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Child maltreatment, psychopathological symptoms, and onset of diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism and COPD in adulthood. J Affect Disord 2018; 241:80-85. [PMID: 30099267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the associations between child maltreatment (CM), psychopathological symptoms, and onset of diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism (i.e., low metabolism), and chronic bronchitis/emphysema/COPD in adulthood. METHODS The present analysis used cross-sectional data collected in 2007-2008 within the Tromsø Study, Norway (N = 12,981). CM was measured with a single item, and self-reported information on psychopathological symptoms and physical health outcomes was used. The associations between CM, psychopathological symptoms, and physical health outcomes were assessed with linear and Poisson regression models. Mediation was assessed with difference-in-coefficients method. RESULTS In the fully-adjusted models, CM was associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression, psychological distress, difficulty in sleeping, insomnia, and use of sleeping pills and antidepressants in adulthood (p < 0.05). Moreover, CM was associated with a more than two-folds increased risk of consultation with psychiatrist (p < 0.001), a 26% increased risk of forgetfulness (p < 0.001), a 15% increased risk of decline in memory (p < 0.001), and a 96% increased risk of psychiatric problems (p < 0.001) over the course of life. In the fully-adjusted models, CM was associated with a 27-82% increased risk of physical health outcomes in adulthood (p < 0.05). Indicators of psychopathological symptoms significantly (p < 0.05) mediate the associations between CM and physical health outcomes. LIMITATIONS The design of this study is cross-sectional, and all measures are self-reported. CONCLUSION The associations between retrospectively-reported CM and physical health outcomes in adulthood are partially driven by psychopathological symptoms in adulthood.
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Sheikh MA. Retrospectively reported childhood adversity is associated with asthma and chronic bronchitis, independent of mental health. J Psychosom Res 2018; 114:50-57. [PMID: 30314579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several researchers have raised the concern that the cross-sectional association of retrospectively reported childhood adversity with self-reported onset of asthma and chronic bronchitis in adulthood may be confounded, as well as mediated by an individual's mental health. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of retrospectively reported childhood adversity on self-reported onset of asthma and chronic bronchitis in adulthood, independent of potential confounding and mediating variables (including respondent's mental health). We used data collected in 2007-2008 within the framework of the Tromsø Study (N = 12,981), a representative study of adult men and women in Norway. The associations of childhood adversity with asthma and chronic bronchitis were assessed with Poisson regression models. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with bias-corrected bootstrapping. Childhood adversity was associated with a 9% increased risk of asthma (RR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.16) and a 14% increased risk chronic bronchitis (RR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.26) in adulthood, independent of age, sex, parental history of psychiatric problems/asthma/dementia, education, smoking, social support, and respondent's mental health. Controlling for indicators of respondent's mental health reduced the strength of associations of childhood adversity with asthma and chronic bronchitis; however, the associations were still present in the same direction (p < .05). These findings suggest that the association of retrospectively reported childhood adversity with asthma and chronic bronchitis is independent of respondent's mental health. We recommend controlling for indicators of the respondent's mental health to assess an unbiased association of retrospectively measured childhood adversity with self-reported asthma and chronic bronchitis.
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Leisure time physical activity and incident use of prescription tranquilizers: A longitudinal population-based study. J Affect Disord 2018; 238:327-335. [PMID: 29902737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical inactivity is a major public health problem associated with an increased risk of several psychiatric and physical conditions. This study investigated the association between leisure time physical activity (PA) and incident use of prescription tranquilizers in a regionally representative and prospective cohort. METHODS A total of 4043 men and women (mean age: 61.3 years; 57% women) from the Tromsø Study were followed for six years. Leisure time PA was captured at baseline. Psychiatric morbidity was measured by use of prescription tranquilizers, captured at both baseline and follow-up. Leisure time PA at baseline was used as a predictor of subsequent (incident) use of prescription tranquilizers. We used multinomial regression models and Poisson regression models to estimate relative risk-ratios (RRRs), and relative risks (RRs), respectively, and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS In the fully-adjusted model, accounting for socio-demographic factors, parental history of psychopathology, years of education, smoking, respondent's psychopathology at baseline, and occupational PA, a lower leisure time PA conferred a 41% increased risk of incident use of prescription tranquilizers at follow-up (RR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.83; p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that physical inactivity increases the risk of psychiatric morbidity (albeit, measured via use of prescription tranquilizers). Future regionally representative and longitudinal research is required to confirm/refute our findings and explore underlying mechanisms.
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Sheikh MA. Coloring of the past via respondent's current psychological state, mediation, and the association between childhood disadvantage and morbidity in adulthood. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 103:173-181. [PMID: 29883925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many researchers view retrospective reports with skepticism. Indeed, the observed association between retrospectively-reported childhood disadvantage (CD) and morbidity in adulthood has been criticized as an artefactual correlation driven by the psychological state of the respondent at the time of reporting (current psychological state). The aim of this study was to assess the role of current psychological state in the association between childhood disadvantage and morbidity in adulthood. METHODS The present analysis used cross-sectional data collected in 2007-2008 within the framework of the Tromsø Study (N = 10,765), a representative study of adult men and women in Norway. The association between CD and the physical health outcomes heart attack, angina pectoris, chronic bronchitis/emphysema/COPD, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroid/low metabolism, migraine, hypertension, and comorbidity (i.e., the sum of these physical health outcomes) was assessed with Poisson regression models. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. A wide range of indicators of respondents' current psychological state were included in the models to assess the % attenuation in estimates. RESULTS CD was associated with an increased risk of heart attack, angina pectoris, chronic bronchitis/emphysema/COPD, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroid/low metabolism, migraine, hypertension, and comorbidity (p < 0.05), independent of respondents' current psychological state. A sizeable proportion (23-42%) of the association between CD and physical health outcomes was driven by recall bias or mediation via respondents' current psychological state. Controlling for indicators of current psychological state reduced the strength of associations between CD and physical health outcomes; however, the independent associations remained in the same direction. CONCLUSION The association between retrospectively-reported CD and physical health outcomes in adulthood is not driven entirely by respondent's current psychological state.
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Sheikh MA. Psychological abuse, substance abuse distress, dissatisfaction with friendships, and incident psychiatric problems. J Psychosom Res 2018; 108:78-84. [PMID: 29602329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the mediating role of dissatisfaction with friendships in adulthood in the associations between psychological abuse in childhood, substance abuse distress in childhood, and incident psychiatric problems (IPPs) in adulthood over 13 years of follow-up. METHODS We used data collected from 1994 to 2008 within the framework of the Tromsø Study (N = 9502), a representative, longitudinal, prospective cohort study. Poisson regression analysis was used to assess the associations between psychological abuse, substance abuse distress, dissatisfaction with friendships in adulthood, and IPPs in adulthood. Indirect effects and proportion mediated (%) were assessed with the difference-in-coefficients method. RESULTS Psychological abuse (relative risk [RR] = 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.45-1.89) and substance abuse distress in childhood (RR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.18-1.62) were associated with an increased risk of dissatisfaction with friendships in adulthood. Dissatisfaction with friendships in adulthood was associated with an increased risk of IPPs in adulthood (RR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.33-2.20). Moreover, dissatisfaction with friendships in adulthood mediated 9.31% (95% CI: 4.25-14.57) of the association between psychological abuse in childhood and IPPs in adulthood, and 9.17% (95% CI: 4.35-16.33) of the association between substance abuse distress in childhood and IPPs in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Dissatisfaction with friendships in adulthood mediates a minor proportion of the associations between psychological abuse, substance abuse distress, and IPPs in adulthood. Interventions aimed at decreasing dissatisfaction with friendships may dampen some of the effect of psychological abuse and substance abuse distress in childhood on IPPs in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashhood Ahmed Sheikh
- Health Services Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø 9037, Norway.
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Cyr M, Frappier JY, Hébert M, Tourigny M, McDuff P, Turcotte ME. Impact of child sexual abuse disclosure on the health of nonoffending parents: A longitudinal perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15379418.2018.1460649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Cyr
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Frappier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Martine Hébert
- Département de Sexologie, UQAM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Tourigny
- Département de Psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre McDuff
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Turcotte
- Chaire de recherche Nicolas Steinmetz - Gilles Julien en Pédiatrie Sociale en Communauté, Université McGill, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Childhood physical maltreatment, perceived social isolation, and internalizing symptoms: a longitudinal, three-wave, population-based study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 27:481-491. [PMID: 29188445 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-1090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A number of cross-sectional studies have consistently shown a correlation between childhood physical maltreatment, perceived social isolation and internalizing symptoms. Using a longitudinal, three-wave design, this study sought to assess the mediating role of perceived social isolation in adulthood in the association between childhood physical maltreatment and internalizing symptoms in adulthood. The study has a three-wave design. We used data collected from 1994 to 2008 within the framework of the Tromsø Study (N = 4530), a representative prospective cohort study of men and women. Perceived social isolation was measured at a mean age of 54.7 years, and internalizing symptoms were measured at a mean age of 61.7 years. The difference-in-coefficients method was used to assess the indirect effects and the proportion (%) of mediated effects. Childhood physical maltreatment was associated with an up to 68% [relative risk (RR) = 1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33-2.13] higher risk of perceived social isolation in adulthood. Childhood physical maltreatment and perceived social isolation in adulthood were associated with greater levels of internalizing symptoms in adulthood (p < 0.01). A dose-response association was observed between childhood physical maltreatment and internalizing symptoms in adulthood (p < 0.001). Perceived social isolation in adulthood mediated up to 14.89% (p < 0.05) of the association between childhood physical maltreatment and internalizing symptoms in adulthood. The results of this study indicate the need to take perceived social isolation into account when considering the impact of childhood physical maltreatment on internalizing symptoms.
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Sheikh MA. Confounding and Statistical Significance of Indirect Effects: Childhood Adversity, Education, Smoking, and Anxious and Depressive Symptomatology. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1317. [PMID: 28824498 PMCID: PMC5539245 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The life course perspective, the risky families model, and stress-and-coping models provide the rationale for assessing the role of smoking as a mediator in the association between childhood adversity and anxious and depressive symptomatology (ADS) in adulthood. However, no previous study has assessed the independent mediating role of smoking in the association between childhood adversity and ADS in adulthood. Moreover, the importance of mediator-response confounding variables has rarely been demonstrated empirically in social and psychiatric epidemiology. The aim of this paper was to (i) assess the mediating role of smoking in adulthood in the association between childhood adversity and ADS in adulthood, and (ii) assess the change in estimates due to different mediator-response confounding factors (education, alcohol intake, and social support). The present analysis used data collected from 1994 to 2008 within the framework of the Tromsø Study (N = 4,530), a representative prospective cohort study of men and women. Seven childhood adversities (low mother's education, low father's education, low financial conditions, exposure to passive smoke, psychological abuse, physical abuse, and substance abuse distress) were used to create a childhood adversity score. Smoking status was measured at a mean age of 54.7 years (Tromsø IV), and ADS in adulthood was measured at a mean age of 61.7 years (Tromsø V). Mediation analysis was used to assess the indirect effect and the proportion of mediated effect (%) of childhood adversity on ADS in adulthood via smoking in adulthood. The test-retest reliability of smoking was good (Kappa: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.63; 0.71) in this sample. Childhood adversity was associated with a 10% increased risk of smoking in adulthood (Relative risk: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03; 1.18), and both childhood adversity and smoking in adulthood were associated with greater levels of ADS in adulthood (p < 0.001). Smoking in adulthood did not significantly mediate the association between childhood adversity and ADS in adulthood. However, when education was excluded as a mediator-response confounding variable, the indirect effect of childhood adversity on ADS in adulthood was statistically significant (p < 0.05). This study shows that a careful inclusion of potential confounding variables is important when assessing mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashhood Ahmed Sheikh
- Health Services Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, University of TromsøTromsø, Norway
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