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Neppl TK, Diggs ON, Neppl AK, Denburg NL. Adolescent predictors of psychiatric disorders in adulthood: The role of emotional distress and problem drinking in emerging adulthood. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:799-809. [PMID: 36847258 PMCID: PMC10460462 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The current study evaluated risk factors in adolescence on problem drinking and emotional distress in late adolescence and emerging adulthood, and meeting criteria for diagnosed disorders in adulthood. The study included 501 parents and their adolescent who participated from middle adolescence to adulthood. Risk factors in middle adolescence (age 18) included parent alcohol use, adolescent alcohol use, and parent and adolescent emotional distress. In late adolescence (age 18), binge drinking and emotional distress were assessed, and in emerging adulthood (age 25), alcohol problems and emotional distress were examined. Meeting criteria for substance use, behavioral, affective, or anxiety disorders were examined between the ages of 26 and 31. Results showed parent alcohol use predicted substance use disorder through late adolescent binge drinking and emerging adulthood alcohol problems. Behavioral disorders were indirectly predicted by adolescent and emerging adult emotional distress. Affective disorders were indirectly predicted by parent emotional distress through adolescent emotional distress. Finally, anxiety disorders were predicted by parent alcohol use via adolescent drinking; parent emotional distress via adolescent emotional distress, and through adolescent alcohol use and emotional distress. Results provided support for the intergenerational transmission of problem drinking and emotional distress on meeting criteria for diagnosed psychiatric disorders in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia K Neppl
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Olivia N Diggs
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ashlyn K Neppl
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Natalie L Denburg
- Departments of Neurology and Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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2
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Saalfield J, Haag B. Alcohol Use Amongst Rural Adolescents and Young Adults: A Brief Review of the Literature. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241251460. [PMID: 38670573 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241251460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The sociodevelopmental periods of adolescence and young adulthood are rife with alcohol use. However, much of the literature demonstrating this comes from 'traditional' settings and college campuses (i.e., large suburban/urban campuses, or those containing their own infrastructure). Alcohol culture in rural areas has largely been understudied, which may be problematic given the unique stressors they face (e.g., economic hardship, lack of social activities, healthcare inequality). There has also been difficulty both within and across fields classifying rural versus urban geographical locations; no distinct system used broadly, making ittrea difficult to generalize and accurately collect data. The geographic categorizations are often viewed as homogenous identifiers; however, diversity occurs both within and outside of these classification systems. It appears that rurality may be a risk factor for increased drinking both earlier and later in life, but the research has failed to extend to the formative college years. This short review has two main focuses: attempting to disentangle the definition of rurality and reviewing the literature regarding alcohol use in rural areas, with a specific focus on adolescents and young adults. Identifying the mechanisms responsible for substance use in rural areas is a crucial component of prevention and treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Saalfield
- Deparatement of Psychology, Penn State Schuylkill, Schuylkill Haven, PA, USA
| | - Bethany Haag
- Deparatement of Psychology, Penn State Schuylkill, Schuylkill Haven, PA, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State, University Park, PA, USA
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3
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Castaldelli-Maia JM. Urbanicity and alcohol use epidemiology in the 21st century. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2023; 36:243-248. [PMID: 36762642 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aimed to gather recent studies that could identify the specificities in the relationship between urbanization and alcohol use epidemiology in the current century. RECENT FINDINGS Although we find lower rates of alcohol use among adolescents in urban environments than in rural ones, this difference tends to diminish until it disappears by the time they reach adulthood. In addition to excessive marketing and increased accessibility, several urban environment characteristics have been related to alcohol use. First, problematic alcohol use is linked to stress and mental health problems like depression and anxiety, which are common in metropolitan areas. Second, alcohol use behaviors are influenced by homelessness, loneliness, and deprivation in megacities, where female and male individuals have presented more similar alcohol use behaviors (i.e. gender convergence). Third, treatment levels for alcohol use disorders are very low. SUMMARY There is a new epidemiological wave of alcohol consumption in large urban centers, largely influenced by advertisement and marketing. Social and psychological risk factors and subpopulations of interest were identified for preventive interventions in large urban centers (i.e. advertisement regulation). In addition, increasing the availability of treatment, including specific medications for alcohol use disorder, should be strongly encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, Fundação do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
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4
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Dimova ED, Lekkas P, Maxwell K, Clemens TL, Pearce JR, Mitchell R, Emslie C, Shortt NK. Exploring the influence of local alcohol availability on drinking norms and practices: A qualitative scoping review. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:691-703. [PMID: 36657792 PMCID: PMC10946767 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High alcohol availability is related to increased alcohol consumption and harms. Existing quantitative research provides potential explanations for this relationship but there is little understanding of how people experience local alcohol availability. This is the first review to synthesise qualitative research exploring the relationship between alcohol availability and other factors in local alcohol environments. METHODS The scoping review includes qualitative studies exploring community-level alcohol availability and other factors, facilitating the purchase and consumption of alcohol. We included studies focusing on children and adolescents as well as adults. Study findings were brought together using thematic analysis and the socio-environmental context model, which explains how certain environments may facilitate drinking. RESULTS The review includes 34 articles. The majority of studies were conducted since 2012. Most studies were conducted in the United Kingdom, Australia and South Africa. The physical availability of alcohol and proximity to local amenities and temporal aspects, like late night opening hours, may be linked to social factors, such as normalisation of drinking and permissive drinking environments. The review highlights the importance of social and cultural factors in shaping interactions with local alcohol environments. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This qualitative scoping review advances understanding of the pathways linking alcohol availability and alcohol harms by showing that availability, accessibility and visibility of alcohol may contribute towards permissive drinking environments. Further research is needed to better understand how people experience alcohol availability in their local environment and how this can inform alcohol control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Lekkas
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and HealthSchool of Geosciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Tom L. Clemens
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and HealthSchool of Geosciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Jamie R. Pearce
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and HealthSchool of Geosciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Richard Mitchell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitInstitute for Health and Wellbeing, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | - Niamh K. Shortt
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and HealthSchool of Geosciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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Santos EOD, Pinho LBD, Silva ABD, Eslabão AD, Nunes CK. Determinantes sociais do uso de álcool na infância e adolescência em territórios rurais. SAUDE E SOCIEDADE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-12902022200881pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Este artigo visa analisar os determinantes sociais que envolvem o uso de álcool na infância e adolescência em territórios rurais. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido por meio da Avaliação de Empoderamento, realizado em município de pequeno porte do Rio Grande do Sul com trabalhadores da rede de atenção psicossocial e intersetorial. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizada a análise temática. Os determinantes sociais analisados demonstram o uso de álcool como parte da cultura das famílias pomeranas e dos rituais religiosos que marcam a passagem do jovem para a vida adulta. No aspecto relacionado ao trabalho, observa-se o uso de álcool como uma forma de lazer frente às responsabilidades que o jovem assume na lavoura. Identifica-se a influência do gênero e situações de violência - os meninos são motivados a experimentarem o álcool, enquanto as meninas são as maiores vítimas das agressões físicas. Observa-se comportamentos de risco em situações de acidente de trânsito envolvendo crianças e adolescentes sob efeito de álcool. Os determinantes sociais ampliam a visão sobre o tema, afastando-se de uma concepção exclusivamente de dependência química e biológica para abranger os múltiplos fatores como os territórios, culturas, trabalho e sociedade.
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6
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Santos EOD, Pinho LBD, Silva ABD, Eslabão AD, Nunes CK. Social determinants of alcohol use in childhood and adolescence in rural areas. SAUDE E SOCIEDADE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-12902022200881en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This paper analyzes the social determinants of alcohol use in childhood and adolescence in rural areas. This qualitative study was carried out in a small municipality of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, with professionals from the psychosocial and intersectoral care network. Data were collected using the Empowerment Evaluation and analyzed by thematic analysis. The social determinants found show that alcohol use is a cultural aspect of the Pomeranian families and the religious rituals that mark the passage from youth to adulthood. In work-related aspects, alcohol use is a form of leisure in face of the responsibilities the youth assume in farming. Gender and violent situations also influence this factor: boys are encouraged to try alcohol, while girls are the biggest victims of physical aggression. Risk behaviors are observed in traffic accidents involving children and adolescents under alcohol the influence of alcohol. The social determinants broaden the scope of the topic, moving away from an exclusive conception of chemical and biological dependence to encompass multiple factors such as territories, cultures, work, and society.
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Strizek J, Uhl A, Schaub M, Malischnig D. Alcohol and Cigarette Use among Adolescents and Young Adults in Austria from 2004-2020: Patterns of Change and Associations with Socioeconomic Variables. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413080. [PMID: 34948689 PMCID: PMC8701464 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Adolescents and young adults are a crucial target group for preventing harm related to substance use. Recently, declining alcohol and tobacco consumption in young people has been observed in many countries. Based on survey data from 2004 to 2020, we describe time trends for several subgroups of adolescents and young adults (based on consumption levels and socioeconomic variables) and analyze associations between the level of alcohol per capita consumption or daily smoking and socioeconomic variables. Methods: Time trends for males and females are analyzed by a two-way ANOVA and predictors of use by using multivariate regression and logistic regression. Results: Alcohol per capita consumption decreased significantly for both sexes in the 16-year period, with male and female consumption levels converging. Daily smoking was equally prevalent for young males and females and decreased to a similar degree for both sexes. Being male and living in rural areas are associated with a higher level of alcohol consumption. Daily smoking is associated with a low level of education and is more prevalent among young adults who have already started to work. Conclusions: The decline in alcohol use and daily smoking among adolescents and young adults is taking place simultaneously. However, higher levels of alcohol consumption and daily smoking occur in different groups of adolescents and young adults, which should be considered in prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Strizek
- Gesundheit Österreich GmbH (Austrian Public Health Institute), 1010 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (D.M.); Tel.: +43-1-51561-148 (J.S.); +43-1-4000-87321 (D.M.)
| | - Alfred Uhl
- Gesundheit Österreich GmbH (Austrian Public Health Institute), 1010 Vienna, Austria;
- Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schaub
- Swiss Research Institute of Public Health and Addiction (ISGF), University of Zürich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Doris Malischnig
- Institute for Addiction Prevention, Office of Addiction and Drug Policy of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (D.M.); Tel.: +43-1-51561-148 (J.S.); +43-1-4000-87321 (D.M.)
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8
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Cárdenas D, Orazani N, Stevens M, Cruwys T, Platow M, Zekulin M, Reynolds KJ. United We Stand, Divided We Fall: Sociopolitical Predictors of Physical Distancing and Hand Hygiene During the COVID-19 Pandemic. POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:845-861. [PMID: 34548715 PMCID: PMC8447036 DOI: 10.1111/pops.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Most health models emphasize individual factors in predicting health behavior. However, in the context of COVID-19 where the immediate response to stopping the spread of the virus requires collective efforts and change, other sociopolitical factors need to be considered. Prior research points to health behaviors being impacted by neighborhood and national social relations, social identification, confidence in government and political orientation. This research, though, is generally piecemeal (or specific), tends to be cross-sectional, and is usually not oriented to pandemics. These issues are addressed in the current research. A two-wave study with a representative sample of Australians (N Wave 1 = 3028) gathered during COVID-19 examined sociopolitical factors at the local and national level as predictors of health behaviors one month later. Four models were tested. These encapsulated geographic levels (local or national) and two health behaviors (hand hygiene or physical distance). In the three of the four models, social identification was a significant predictor of health behavior, while controlling for sociodemographic and individual-level measures. There were more mixed results for social relations and confidence in government. There is evidence that to better promote health behaviors sociopolitical factors need to be more prominent in public policy and health behavior models.
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Martin G, Bowman DD, Graat M, Clark AF, Wray AJ, Askwith Z, Seabrook JA, Gilliland JA. Examining how changes in provincial policy on vape marketing impacted the distribution of vaping advertisements near secondary schools in London, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2021; 112:440-448. [PMID: 33410122 PMCID: PMC8076358 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-020-00453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES On January 1, 2020, the Government of Ontario passed a regulation banning vaping advertisements by retailers, apart from specialty shops. A motivation for this ban was to limit youth exposure to vaping advertisements. The primary goal of this research was to evaluate the impact of this ban on the number and density of vaping advertisements surrounding secondary schools. Additionally, we examined whether the number of vaping advertisements varied by school socio-demographic characteristics. METHODS This study used a pre-post design. Audits were conducted December 2019 (pre-ban) and again January to February 2020 (post-ban), to identify vaping advertisements within 800 m surrounding secondary schools (n = 18) in London, Ontario. RESULTS Prior to the ban, there were 266 vaping advertisements within 800 m of secondary schools. After the ban, this was reduced to 58, a 78.2% reduction. The mean number of vaping advertisements surrounding schools significantly decreased from 18.1 before the ban to 3.6 after the ban (p < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was found, prior to the ban, between the number of vaping advertisements surrounding schools and school-level residential instability (r = 0.42, p = 0.02). After the ban, no significant correlations were found between the number of vaping advertisements and school socio-demographic characteristics. CONCLUSION The provincial ban of vaping advertisements in select retail settings significantly reduced the number of vaping advertisements in the areas surrounding secondary schools in London, Ontario. The ban also reduced socio-demographic inequities in youths' potential exposure to marketing of vaping products. Continued monitoring of the geographic accessibility and promotion of vaping products is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Martin
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, Room 2432, SSC, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada.,Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Drew D Bowman
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, Room 2432, SSC, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada.,Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Megan Graat
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, Room 2432, SSC, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada.,Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Andrew F Clark
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, Room 2432, SSC, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada.,Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Alexander J Wray
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, Room 2432, SSC, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada.,Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Zoe Askwith
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, Room 2432, SSC, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada.,Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Jamie A Seabrook
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, Room 2432, SSC, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada.,School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College at Western University, London, ON, N6G 1H2, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Jason A Gilliland
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, Room 2432, SSC, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada. .,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada. .,Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada. .,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada. .,Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada. .,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada. .,School of Health Studies, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
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10
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Neppl TK, Diggs ON, Cleveland MJ. The intergenerational transmission of harsh parenting, substance use, and emotional distress: Impact on the third-generation child. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2020; 34:852-863. [PMID: 31971428 PMCID: PMC8601593 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study evaluated the intergenerational transmission of harsh parenting, substance use, and emotional distress across generations and the association with child aggression. The study included 218 Generation 1 (G1) mothers and fathers, their adolescent (Generation 2; G2) who participated from middle adolescence through adulthood, and the 3rd-generation (G3) child between ages 3-5 years and 6-10 years. G1 behavior was examined when G2 was 16 and 18 years old; G2 alcohol problems and marijuana use were assessed when G2 was 19 and 21 years old. G2 emotional distress and harsh parenting were examined when the G3 child was between 3 and 5 years old. Finally, G3 aggression was assessed between 6 and 10 years old. Results showed continuity of G1 behavior when G2 was in adolescence to G2 behavior in adulthood. G1 alcohol problems and G1 harsh parenting were both associated with G3 aggression through G2 alcohol problems, G2 emotional distress, and G2 harsh parenting. Results suggest that G1 problem behavior as experienced by G2 adolescents in the family of origin plays an important role in G2 alcohol problems in emerging adulthood, which leads to G2 emotional distress and G2 harsh parenting in adulthood, which is related to G3 aggression in the early elementary school years. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia K Neppl
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University
| | - Olivia N Diggs
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University
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11
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Galán I, Simón L, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Ortiz C, López-Cuadrado T, Merlo J. Individual and Contextual Factors Associated With Hazardous Drinking in Spain: Evidence From a National Population-Based Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:2247-2256. [PMID: 33058209 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy drinking (HD) and binge drinking (BD) exhibit marked differences in their relationships with contextual-level factors imbedded in geographical areas of residence. The objective is to identify sociodemographic factors, both at the individual and at the contextual level, associated with these 2 main hazardous consumption patterns. METHODS Cross-sectional study using data from the 2011 to 2012 National Health Survey in Spain. The sample included 21,007 individuals ≥15 years of age. HD was defined as an alcohol intake of ≥40 g/d in men and ≥24 g/d in women. BD was defined as the consumption in the previous month of ≥6 alcoholic drinks (men) or ≥5 drinks (women) within 4 to 6 hours. Individual-level variables included sociodemographic factors, urban/rural residence, smoking, and perceived social support. Contextual-level variables covered percentage of population with no schooling, unemployment rate, and hospitality industry-related economic activity, all at the census tract level. We analyzed data using multilevel logistic regression and calculated areas under the curve (AUC). RESULTS Being male, smoking, high-income, and low perceived social support were associated with both hazardous drinking patterns. Younger individuals were at higher risk for BD but at lower risk for HD. BD was more common among rural than urban dwellers (odds ratios [OR] = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.72), whereas HD was less likely in participants residing in areas with high unemployment rates (OR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.41 to 0.93). HD was more likely in census tracts with higher levels of hospitality industry activity (OR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.20 to 2.54). The AUC increased substantially for both HD and BD when the census tract variable was entered in the respective models (reaching 89.5 and 93.3%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Except for age, both drinking patterns have similar associations with individual-level variables but disparate links to contextual-level indicators. In both cases, accounting for area of residence substantially increased the ability to discriminate between high-risk drinkers from nonhazardous alcohol consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Galán
- From the, National Centre for Epidemiology, (IG, LS, CR-B, CO, TL-C), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, (IG), Autonomous University of Madrid/IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Simón
- From the, National Centre for Epidemiology, (IG, LS, CR-B, CO, TL-C), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Blázquez
- From the, National Centre for Epidemiology, (IG, LS, CR-B, CO, TL-C), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Ortiz
- From the, National Centre for Epidemiology, (IG, LS, CR-B, CO, TL-C), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa López-Cuadrado
- From the, National Centre for Epidemiology, (IG, LS, CR-B, CO, TL-C), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Merlo
- Research Unit of Social Epidemiology, (JM), Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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12
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Obradors-Rial N, Ariza C, Continente X, Muntaner C. School and town factors associated with risky alcohol consumption among Catalan adolescents. Alcohol 2020; 82:71-79. [PMID: 31082505 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Risky alcohol consumption among adolescents has health and social consequences. Evidence identifying the school context that determines alcohol consumption among rural and urban adolescents is lacking. This study aimed to describe the contextual school and town factors determining risky alcohol consumption among rural and urban 10th-grade adolescents (15-17 years old) from Catalonia (northeastern Spain). The study had a cross-sectional design. Cluster sampling with the class as the sampling unit was used, and a total of 1268 10th-grade adolescents from Catalonia nested in 26 high schools participated in the study. A computerized and self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect individual variables. Contextual variables were collected from the Catalan police registers, geocoded sources, and governmental internet databases, and by aggregation of answers from the self-administrated questionnaire. The prevalence of risky alcohol consumption was calculated, and a multilevel Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was conducted with data from adolescents nested within high schools. The results show that risky alcohol consumption is higher among rural adolescents (59.3%) than among urban youth (51.1%) (p < 0.005). Positive expectancies, drunkenness of siblings and friends, and most of the variables indicating accessibility are associated with risky alcohol consumption at the individual level. At the contextual level, the sports center rate and the high school's percentage of risky student alcohol consumption are strongly associated with individual risky alcohol consumption. The town environment (rural or urban), the unemployment rate, and the number of pubs and nightclubs lost their significance after adjustment by the individual and mediating variables. In conclusion, individual factors, such as the influence of drinking patterns of siblings and friends, and more alcohol access opportunities, are associated with adolescents' risky alcohol consumption. The associated contextual factors are the sports center rate and the percentage of risky classmate alcohol consumers. Interventions targeting adolescents should focus at community and high school levels, trying to reduce adolescents' accessibility to alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Obradors-Rial
- Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Av. Universitària 4-6, 08242 Manresa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carles Ariza
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps, 1, PC: 08023, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, PC 28029, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Ma Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Continente
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps, 1, PC: 08023, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, PC 28029, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Ma Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Muntaner
- Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; K-21 program Mind-Society Interaction, Korea University, Suite 606B, Jeongui Building, San 1, Jeongreung-3dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Seoul 136-853, Republic of Korea
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13
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Obradovic-Tomasevic B, Santric-Milicevic M, Vasic V, Vukovic D, Sipetic-Grujicic S, Bjegovic-Mikanovic V, Terzic-Supic Z, Tomasevic R, Todorovic J, Babic U. Prevalence and Predictors of Violence Victimization and Violent Behavior among Youths: A Population-Based Study in Serbia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173203. [PMID: 31480749 PMCID: PMC6747162 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study identifies the prevalence of violence victimization and the perpetration among youths, and explores the determinants and predictors using a socio-ecological model. The data of 36 variables from a representative sample of 1722 persons, ages 15–24 years, from the National Health Survey of Serbia in 2013, were analyzed by a multivariate logistic regression modeling. The study shows that 13.4% of youths experienced multi-victimization, while 10.4% were perpetrators of violence. Up to one-third of the victims were violence perpetrators. A small percentage of victims seek family and community support. Predictors of violence among youths were: male sex, households with fewer members, urban settlements, violence perpetration, self-assessed health as poor, lack of close friends and perception that it was difficult to obtain the assistance needed. Predictors of youth violence highlighted the need to improve health education, social support and community regulations, as well as strengthen the promotion of gender equality and a healthy environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milena Santric-Milicevic
- Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
- Centre-School of Public Health and Health Management, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vladimir Vasic
- Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Faculty of Economics, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejana Vukovic
- Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Centre-School of Public Health and Health Management, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Sipetic-Grujicic
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Bjegovic-Mikanovic
- Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Centre-School of Public Health and Health Management, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Terzic-Supic
- Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Centre-School of Public Health and Health Management, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ratko Tomasevic
- Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Todorovic
- Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Centre-School of Public Health and Health Management, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uros Babic
- Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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14
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Martin G, Inchley J, Currie C. Do Drinking Motives Mediate the Relationship between Neighborhood Characteristics and Alcohol Use among Adolescents? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E853. [PMID: 30857214 PMCID: PMC6427383 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents not only vary in their alcohol use behavior but also in their motivations for drinking. Young people living in different neighborhoods may drink for different reasons. The aims of this study were to determine if neighborhood characteristics were associated with adolescent drinking motives, and whether drinking motives mediate the relationship between neighborhood context and regular alcohol use. Data from the Scottish Health Behaviours in School-aged Children 2010 survey of students in their 4th year of secondary school were used. The study included 1119 participants who had data on neighborhood characteristics and had used alcohol in the past year. Students were asked questions about the local area where they lived, their alcohol use, and their motives for drinking alcohol, based on the Drinking Motives Questionnaire Revised Short Form (DMQR-SF). Multilevel multivariable models and structural equation models were used in this study. Coping motives showed significant variation across neighborhoods. Structural equation models showed coping motives mediated the relationships between neighborhood deprivation, living in an accessible small-town, and neighborhood-level disorder with regular alcohol use. Public health policies that improve neighborhood conditions and develop adaptive strategies, aimed at improving alcohol-free methods for young people to cope better with life's stresses, may be particularly effective in reducing inequalities in adolescent alcohol use if targeted at small towns and areas of increased deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Martin
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK.
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Joanna Inchley
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK.
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G2 3AX, UK.
| | - Candace Currie
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK.
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