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Kazmierski P, Szpakowski P, Glabinski A. CXCL1 as a Potential Biomarker of Plaque Instability in Carotid Stenosis. Preliminary Report. Angiology 2024:33197241245734. [PMID: 38595032 DOI: 10.1177/00033197241245734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Biomarkers of atherosclerotic plaque instability are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the level of chemokine CXCL1 (CXC motif ligand 1) in plasma and atherosclerotic plaques in patients with carotid stenosis and correlate that with plaque morphology. The study group included 82 patients (30 women and 52 men) aged 50-90 years (mean 68.1 ± 8.9) who underwent elective carotid endarterectomy. The obtained atherosclerotic plaques were macroscopically and microscopically assessed according to the American Heart Association (AHA) classification. Fifty-one (62.2%) and 31 (37.8%) of the plaques were unstable and stable, respectively. The mean concertation of CXCL1 in plaques in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients was 0.00 (±0.00) vs 88.90 (±95.19) pg/ml, respectively (P = 0.000). The mean plasma concentration of CXCL1 in the study group was 42.40 (±85.79) pg/ml, while in the control group (healthy volunteers without lesions in the carotid arteries) it was 0.00 pg/mL (±0.00) (P = 0.000). The mean plasma CXCL1 concertation in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients was 22.08 (±49.13) versus 67.72 (±107.91) pg/ml, respectively (P = 0.031). Significantly higher CXCL1 concentration in atherosclerotic plaques and plasma in symptomatic patients compared with asymptomatic patients probably resulted from unstable lesions in the carotid arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kazmierski
- Clinic of Endocrine, General and Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Szpakowski
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Glabinski
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Otunla AA, Shanmugarajah K, Davies AH, Lucia Madariaga M, Shalhoub J. The Biological Parallels Between Atherosclerosis and Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy: Implications for Solid Organ Chronic Rejection. Cardiol Rev 2024; 32:2-11. [PMID: 38051983 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and solid organ chronic rejection are pervasive chronic disease states that account for significant morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Recently, a series of shared molecular pathways have emerged, revealing biological parallels from early stages of development up to the advanced forms of pathology. These shared mechanistic processes are inflammatory in nature, reflecting the importance of inflammation in both disorders. Vascular inflammation triggers endothelial dysfunction and disease initiation through aberrant vasomotor control and shared patterns of endothelial activation. Endothelial dysfunction leads to the recruitment of immune cells and the perpetuation of the inflammatory response. This drives lesion formation through the release of key cytokines such as IFN-y, TNF-alpha, and IL-2. Continued interplay between the adaptive and innate immune response (represented by T lymphocytes and macrophages, respectively) promotes lesion instability and thrombotic complications; hallmarks of advanced disease in both atherosclerosis and solid organ chronic rejection. The aim of this study is to identify areas of overlap between atherosclerosis and chronic rejection. We then discuss new approaches to improve current understanding of the pathophysiology of both disorders, and eventually design novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afolarin A Otunla
- From the Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alun H Davies
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial Vascular Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joseph Shalhoub
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial Vascular Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Zhang T, Wu S, Xu R, Zhang S, Wang M, Li J. Musashi-2 binds with Fbxo6 to induce Rnaset2 ubiquitination and chemokine signaling pathway during vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch in atherosclerosis. Cell Signal 2023; 111:110869. [PMID: 37633478 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to determine how Musashi-2 (MSI2) affects vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic switch and contributes to atherosclerosis (AS). METHODS Primary mouse VSMCs were transfected with MSI2 specific siRNA and treated with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). The proliferation, cell-cycle, and migration of VSMCs were determined by CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound healing, and transwell assays. Western blot and qRT-PCR were conducted to analyze the protein and mRNA expression. Moreover, the correlation between MSI2, Fbxo6, Rnaset2, and chemokine signaling was predicted and verified using RNAct database, KEGG, wiki, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation and co-immunoprecipitation. Moreover, H&E and Oil Red O staining were employed for assessing necrotic core and lipid accumulation in AS mouse aorta tissues. The numbers of B lymphocytes and monocytes, and the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in AS mice blood were investigated using flow cytometry and corresponding commercial kits, respectively. RESULTS MSI2 was up-regulated in the PDGF-BB-treated VSMCs. Knockdown of MSI2 inhibited VSMC proliferation, cell-cycle, and migration. Moreover, MSI2 regulated VSMC phenotypic switch through binding with Fbxo6 to induce Rnaset2 ubiquitination. MSI2 knockdown inhibited chemokine signaling via regulating Fbxo6/Rnaset2 axis. In AS mice, knockdown of MSI2 inhibited the formation of necrotic core and atherosclerotic plaque, and inhibited chemokine signaling via regulating Fbxo6/Rnaset2 axis. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that MSI2 could bind with Fbxo6 to induce Rnaset2 ubiquitination and the activation of chemokine signaling pathway during VSMC phenotypic switch in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China; Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Shusheng Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China; Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Rongwei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China; Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China; Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Minghai Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China; Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China; Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
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4
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Liu X, Luo P, Zhang W, Zhang S, Yang S, Hong F. Roles of pyroptosis in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115369. [PMID: 37643484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory type of regulated cell death (RCD) characterized by gasdermin protein-mediated membrane pore formation, cell swelling, and rapid lysis. Recent studies have suggested that pyroptosis is closely related to atherosclerosis (AS). Previous studies reported that pyroptosis involving endothelial cells (ECs), macrophages, and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) plays an important role in the formation and development of AS. Pyroptosis not only causes local inflammation but also amplifies the inflammatory response and it aggravates plaque instability, leading to plaque rupture and thrombosis, eventually resulting in acute cardiovascular events. In this review, we clarified some novel pathways and mechanics and presented some potential drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Liu
- Pathogen Biology Experimental Center, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Peiyi Luo
- Pathogen Biology Experimental Center, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330000, China; Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Weiyun Zhang
- Pathogen Biology Experimental Center, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330000, China; Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- Pathogen Biology Experimental Center, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330000, China; Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Shulong Yang
- School of basic medical sciences, Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344000, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical University, Fuzhou 344000, China; Technology Innovation Center of Chronic Disease Research in Fuzhou City, Fuzhou Science and Technology Bureau, Fuzhou 344000, China.
| | - Fenfang Hong
- Pathogen Biology Experimental Center, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330000, China.
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5
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Umebashi K, Yamamoto M, Tokito A, Sudou K, Takenoshita Y, Jougasaki M. Inhibitory Effects of Simvastatin on IL-33-Induced MCP-1 via the Suppression of the JNK Pathway in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13015. [PMID: 37629196 PMCID: PMC10456058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241613015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An alarmin, interleukin (IL)-33 is a danger signal that causes inflammation, inducing chemotactic proteins such as monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in various cells. As statins have pleiotropic actions including anti-inflammatory properties, we investigated the effects of simvastatin on IL-33-induced MCP-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were stimulated with IL-33 in the presence or absence of simvastatin. Gene expression and protein secretion of MCP-1, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear translocation of phosphorylated c-Jun, and human monocyte migration were investigated. Immunocytochemical staining and Western immunoblot analysis revealed that IL-33 augmented MCP-1 protein expression in HUVECs. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that IL-33 significantly increased MCP-1 mRNA and protein secretion, which were suppressed by c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125 and p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Simvastatin inhibited IL-33-induced MCP-1 mRNA, protein secretion, phosphorylation of JNK and c-Jun. Additionally, the IL-33-induced nuclear translocation of phosphorylated c-Jun and THP-1 monocyte migration were also blocked by simvastatin. This study demonstrated that IL-33 induces MCP-1 expression via the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in HUVECs, and that simvastatin inhibits MCP-1 production by selectively suppressing JNK. Simvastatin may inhibit the progression of IL-33-induced inflammation via suppressing JNK to prevent MCP-1 production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michihisa Jougasaki
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima 892-0853, Japan; (K.U.); (M.Y.); (A.T.); (K.S.); (Y.T.)
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Alalawi S, Albalawi F, Ramji DP. The Role of Punicalagin and Its Metabolites in Atherosclerosis and Risk Factors Associated with the Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108476. [PMID: 37239823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Although current therapies, such as statins, have led to a marked reduction in morbidity and mortality from ACVD, they are associated with considerable residual risk for the disease together with various adverse side effects. Natural compounds are generally well-tolerated; a major recent goal has been to harness their full potential in the prevention and treatment of ACVD, either alone or together with existing pharmacotherapies. Punicalagin (PC) is the main polyphenol present in pomegranates and pomegranate juice and demonstrates many beneficial actions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-atherogenic properties. The objective of this review is to inform on our current understanding of the pathogenesis of ACVD and the potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial actions of PC and its metabolites in the disease, including the attenuation of dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, endothelial cell dysfunction, foam cell formation, and inflammation mediated by cytokines and immune cells together with the regulation of proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Some of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of PC and its metabolites are due to their strong radical-scavenging activities. PC and its metabolites also inhibit the risk factors of atherosclerosis, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, inflammation, hypertension, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Despite the promising findings that have emerged from numerous in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, deeper mechanistic insights and large clinical trials are required to harness the full potential of PC and its metabolites in the prevention and treatment of ACVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Alalawi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Faizah Albalawi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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Piekarska K, Bonowicz K, Grzanka A, Jaworski ŁM, Reiter RJ, Slominski AT, Steinbrink K, Kleszczyński K, Gagat M. Melatonin and TGF-β-Mediated Release of Extracellular Vesicles. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040575. [PMID: 37110233 PMCID: PMC10142249 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system, unlike other systems, must be flexible and able to "adapt" to fully cope with lurking dangers. The transition from intracorporeal balance to homeostasis disruption is associated with activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, which causes modulation of the immunology response. Chemotactic cytokines, signaling molecules, and extracellular vesicles act as critical mediators of inflammation and participate in intercellular communication, conditioning the immune system's proper response. Among the well-known cytokines allowing for the development and proper functioning of the immune system by mediating cell survival and cell-death-inducing signaling, the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) are noteworthy. The high bloodstream concentration of those pleiotropic cytokines can be characterized by anti- and pro-inflammatory activity, considering the powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress capabilities of TGF-β known from the literature. Together with the chemokines, the immune system response is also influenced by biologically active chemicals, such as melatonin. The enhanced cellular communication shows the relationship between the TGF-β signaling pathway and the extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted under the influence of melatonin. This review outlines the findings on melatonin activity on TGF-β-dependent inflammatory response regulation in cell-to-cell communication leading to secretion of the different EV populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Piekarska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Klaudia Bonowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz M Jaworski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Konrad Kleszczyński
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Nakahara T, Strauss HW, Narula J, Jinzaki M. Vulnerable Plaque Imaging. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:230-240. [PMID: 36333157 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques progress as a result of inflammation. Both invasive and noninvasive imaging techniques have been developed to identify and characterize plaque as vulnerable (more likely to rupture and cause a clinical event). Imaging techniques to identify vulnerable include identifying vessels with focal subendothelial collections of I) inflammatory cells; II) lipid/ fatty acid; III) local regions of hypoxia; IV) local expression of angiogenesis factors; V) local expression of protease; VI) intravascular foci of thrombus; hemorrhage (most often seen in the aftermath of a clinical event); VII) apoptosis and VIII) microcalcification. This review provides an overview of atherosclerotic plaque progression and tracers which can visualize specific molecules associated with vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Nakahara
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - H William Strauss
- Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jagat Narula
- Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Mahahiro Jinzaki
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Bellini R, Moregola A, Nour J, Rombouts Y, Neyrolles O, Uboldi P, Bonacina F, Norata GD. Dendritic cell marker Clec4a4 deficiency limits atherosclerosis progression. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2022; 51:8-12. [PMID: 36969702 PMCID: PMC10037088 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims Atherogenesis results from altered lipid metabolism and impaired immune response. Emerging evidence has suggested that dendritic cells (DCs) participate to atherosclerosis-related immune response, but their impact is scarcely characterized. Clec4a4 or DCIR2 (Dendritic cell immunoreceptor 2) is a C-type lectin receptor, mainly expressed by CD8α- DCs, able to modulate T cell immunity. However, whether this DC subset could play a role in the atherogenesis is still poorly understood. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate whether the absence of Clec4a4 could affect atherosclerosis-related immune response and atherosclerosis itself. Methods Dcir2 -/- Ldlr -/- and Ldlr -/- mice were fed a standard diet or cholesterol-enriched diet for 12 weeks. Subsequently, the profile of circulating and lymph nodes-resident immune cells was investigated together with the analysis of plasma lipid levels and atherosclerotic plaque extension in the aorta. Results Here, we show that Clec4a4 expression is downregulated under hypercholesterolemia and its deficiency in Ldlr -/- mice results in the reduction of atherosclerotic plaque formation, together with altered lipid metabolism and impaired myeloid immune cell distribution. Conclusions Our findings suggest a pro-atherosclerotic role of Clec4a4 in experimental atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Bellini
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Moregola
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jasmine Nour
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Yoann Rombouts
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Neyrolles
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrizia Uboldi
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centro SISA per lo Studio dell’Aterosclerosi, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
- Corresponding author. Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Wei N, Xu Y, Li Y, Shi J, Zhang X, You Y, Sun Q, Zhai H, Hu Y. A bibliometric analysis of T cell and atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:948314. [PMID: 36311729 PMCID: PMC9606647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.948314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is widespread and develops into circulatory system problems. T cells play an essential regulatory role in AS occurrence and development. So far, there is no bibliometric research on T cells and AS. To learn more about T cell and AS development, 4,381 records were retrieved from Web of Science™ Core Collection. Then, these records were scientometrically analyzed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer in terms of spatiotemporal distribution, author distribution, subject categories, topic distribution, references, and keywords. Our analysis provides basic information on research in the field, demonstrates that the field has stabilized over the past decade, and identifies potential partners for interested researchers. Current research hotspots in this field mainly include the inflammatory mechanism, immune mechanism, related diseases, and related cytokines of AS. B cell, mortality, inhibition, and monocyte represent the frontiers of research in this field, undergoing an explosive phase. We hope that this work will provide new ideas for advancing the scientific research and clinical application of T cell and AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namin Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ya’nan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping You
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huaqiang Zhai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Li W, Gonzalez KM, Chung J, Kim M, Lu J. Surface-modified nanotherapeutics targeting atherosclerosis. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:5459-5471. [PMID: 35980230 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00660j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic and metabolic-related disease that is a serious threat to human health. Currently available diagnostic and therapeutic measures for atherosclerosis lack adequate efficiency which requires promising alternative approaches. Nanotechnology-based nano-delivery systems allow for new perspectives for atherosclerosis therapy. Surface-modified nanoparticles could achieve highly effective therapeutic effects by binding to specific receptors that are abnormally overexpressed in atherosclerosis, with less adverse effects on non-target tissues. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the research progress and design ideas to target atherosclerosis using a variety of ligand-modified nanoparticle systems, discuss the shortcomings of current vector design, and look at future development directions. We hope that this review will provide novel research strategies for the design and development of nanotherapeutics targeting atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpan Li
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA.
| | - Karina Marie Gonzalez
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA.
| | - Jinha Chung
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA.
| | - Minhyeok Kim
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA.
| | - Jianqin Lu
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA. .,NCI-designated University of Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA.,BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA.,Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, USA
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12
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Zhang Z, Hu X, Diao Q, Zhang P, Wu Y, Cao Z, Zhou Y, Liu C, Sun Y. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) is involved in the antibacterial immune response. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 133:104445. [PMID: 35588935 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine with a unique structure involved in immune regulation and inflammation. In the present study, we identified a MIF from Trachinotus ovatus (golden pompano) and analyzed its function. TroMIF shares high homology (58.26%-94.78%) with the other known MIF sequences of vertebrates. TroMIF is most closely related to large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The expression of TroMIF was most abundant in the liver and head kidney, and was significantly up-regulated after Edwardsiella tarda infection. The subcellular localization of TroMIF was mostly distributed in the cytoplasm. In vitro results revealed that the recombinant protein rTroMIF could inhibit the migration of head kidney lymphocytes (HKLs) and macrophages (HKMs) and enhance the phagocytic activity of HKMs. As a pro-inflammatory cytokine, rTroMIF could increase the expression levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and decrease the expression of IL-10. The rTroMIF was proved to have enzymatic redox activity in vitro. Furthermore, overexpression of TroMIF in the head kidney cell line of golden pompano could significantly enhance its ability to resist E. tarda infection from 1 h to 4 h. The knockdown of TroMIF expression induced a significant increase in the number of bacteria after E. tarda infection at 1, 2, and 4 hpi. Our results suggest that TroMIF is an essential effector of the innate immune system and plays a pivotal role in antibacterial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Xiucong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Qianying Diao
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Ying Wu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Zhenjie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Yongcan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Yun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China.
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13
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Kong Y, Wen Y, Cao G, Xu Y, Zhang C, Tang C, Zhang J, Wang Y. Di-n-butyl phthalate promotes monocyte recruitment via miR-137-3p-SP1-MCP-1 pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113491. [PMID: 35397443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since non-covalent bound character and widespread application in numerous products, people are exposed to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) at low levels through various ways. Epidemiological studies suggested an association between DBP exposure and atherosclerosis (AS). Still, molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of DBP on monocyte recruitment, a key and initial step of AS. EA.hy926 cells were treated with DBP (10-9-10-5 M) or DMSO as control. Chemotaxis assay was applied to investigate THP-1 recruitment. Expression of mRNA /miRNAs and proteins were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Levels of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) in supernatant were detected by ELISA assay. Receptor internalization assay was performed to confirm C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) subcellular localization in THP-1 cells and the binding between CCR2 and MCP-1. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to analyze the combination between miR-137-3p and specificity protein 1 (SP1), as well as SP1 and MCP-1. Results showed that number of recruited THP-1 cells after EA.hy926 cells treated by DBP was significantly higher than that in the control group due to promoted MCP-1 expression. In addition, expression of MCP-1 was regulated through miR-137-3p-SP1 cascade. Besides, overexpression of miR-137-3p reversed the increased number of recruited THP-1 cells. Our results implied that DBP might promote THP-1 recruitment by targeting miR-137-3p-SP1-MCP-1 in EA.hy926 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guofa Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengxiang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhui Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingshu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yubang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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14
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Lorey MB, Öörni K, Kovanen PT. Modified Lipoproteins Induce Arterial Wall Inflammation During Atherogenesis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:841545. [PMID: 35310965 PMCID: PMC8927694 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.841545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, notably the low-density lipoproteins, enter the inner layer of the arterial wall, the intima, where a fraction of them is retained and modified by proteases, lipases, and oxidizing agents and enzymes. The modified lipoproteins and various modification products, such as fatty acids, ceramides, lysophospholipids, and oxidized lipids induce inflammatory reactions in the macrophages and the covering endothelial cells, initiating an increased leukocyte diapedesis. Lipolysis of the lipoproteins also induces the formation of cholesterol crystals with strong proinflammatory properties. Modified and aggregated lipoproteins, cholesterol crystals, and lipoproteins isolated from human atherosclerotic lesions, all can activate macrophages and thereby induce the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes. The extent of lipoprotein retention, modification, and aggregation have been shown to depend largely on differences in the composition of the circulating lipoprotein particles. These properties can be modified by pharmacological means, and thereby provide opportunities for clinical interventions regarding the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina B. Lorey
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Öörni
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Katariina Öörni
| | - Petri T. Kovanen
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Yoo JY, Sniffen S, McGill Percy KC, Pallaval VB, Chidipi B. Gut Dysbiosis and Immune System in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ACVD). Microorganisms 2022; 10:108. [PMID: 35056557 PMCID: PMC8780459 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and mortality worldwide. Alterations in the gut microbiota composition, known as gut dysbiosis, have been shown to contribute to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) development through several pathways. Disruptions in gut homeostasis are associated with activation of immune processes and systemic inflammation. The gut microbiota produces several metabolic products, such as trimethylamine (TMA), which is used to produce the proatherogenic metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, butyrate, and propionate, and certain bile acids (BAs) produced by the gut microbiota lead to inflammation resolution and decrease atherogenesis. Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with common risk factors for atherosclerosis, including metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and obesity. Novel strategies for reducing ACVD include the use of nutraceuticals such as resveratrol, modification of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels, supplementation with probiotics, and administration of prebiotic SCFAs and BAs. Investigation into the relationship between the gut microbiota, and its metabolites, and the host immune system could reveal promising insights into ACVD development, prognostic factors, and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Youn Yoo
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, 1200 Volunteer Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Sarah Sniffen
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kyle Craig McGill Percy
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - Bojjibabu Chidipi
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 78, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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16
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Sallam M, Benotmane MA, Baatout S, Guns PJ, Aerts A. Radiation-induced cardiovascular disease: an overlooked role for DNA methylation? Epigenetics 2022; 17:59-80. [PMID: 33522387 PMCID: PMC8812767 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1873628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy in cancer treatment involves the use of ionizing radiation for cancer cell killing. Although radiotherapy has shown significant improvements on cancer recurrence and mortality, several radiation-induced adverse effects have been documented. Of these adverse effects, radiation-induced cardiovascular disease (CVD) is particularly prominent among patients receiving mediastinal radiotherapy, such as breast cancer and Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. A number of mechanisms of radiation-induced CVD pathogenesis have been proposed such as endothelial inflammatory activation, premature endothelial senescence, increased ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, current research seems to point to a so-far unexamined and potentially novel involvement of epigenetics in radiation-induced CVD pathogenesis. Firstly, epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated in CVD pathophysiology. In addition, several studies have shown that ionizing radiation can cause epigenetic modifications, especially DNA methylation alterations. As a result, this review aims to provide a summary of the current literature linking DNA methylation to radiation-induced CVD and thereby explore DNA methylation as a possible contributor to radiation-induced CVD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magy Sallam
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Mohammed Abderrafi Benotmane
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Guns
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - An Aerts
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
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17
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Murad HAS, Rafeeq MM, Alqurashi TMA. Role and implications of the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in atherosclerosis: still a debate. Ann Med 2021; 53:1598-1612. [PMID: 34494495 PMCID: PMC8439212 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1974084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Chemokines and their receptors are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. CXCL12 is a member of the chemokine family exerting a myriad role in atherosclerosis through its classical CXCR4 and atypical ACKR3 (CXCR7) receptors. The modulatory and regulatory functional spectrum of CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis in atherosclerosis spans from proatherogenic, prothrombotic and proinflammatory to atheroprotective, plaque stabilizer and dyslipidemia rectifier. This diverse continuum is executed in a wide range of biological units including endothelial cells (ECs), progenitor cells, macrophages, monocytes, platelets, lymphocytes, neutrophils and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through complex heterogeneous and homogenous coupling of CXCR4 and ACKR3 receptors, employing different downstream signalling pathways, which often cross-talk among themselves and with other signalling interactomes. Hence, a better understanding of this structural and functional heterogeneity and complex phenomenon involving CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis in atherosclerosis would not only help in formulation of novel therapeutics, but also in elucidation of the CXCL12 ligand and its receptors, as possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.Key messagesThe role of CXCL12 per se is proatherogenic in atherosclerosis development and progression.The CXCL12 receptors, CXCR4 and ACKR3 perform both proatherogenic and athero-protective functions in various cell typesDue to functional heterogeneity and cross talk of CXCR4 and ACKR3 at receptor level and downstream pathways, regional boosting with specific temporal and spatial modulators of CXCL12, CXCR4 and ACKR3 need to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam A. S. Murad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Misbahuddin M. Rafeeq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer M. A. Alqurashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Aghamajidi A, Gorgani M, Shahba F, Shafaghat Z, Mojtabavi N. The potential targets in immunotherapy of atherosclerosis. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 42:199-216. [PMID: 34779341 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1988591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death, which has the highest mortality rate worldwide. Although a diverse range of inflammatory diseases can affect the cardiovascular system, however, heart failure and stroke occur due to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a chronic autoinflammatory disease of small to large vessels in which different immune mediators are involved in lipid plaque formation and inflammatory vascular remodeling process. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis may lead to uncovering immunomodulatory therapies. Despite present diagnostic and therapeutic methods, the lack of immunotherapy in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis is perceptible. In this review, we will discuss the promising immunological-based therapeutics and novel preventive approaches for atherosclerosis. This study could provide new insights into a better perception of targeted therapeutic pathways and biological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Aghamajidi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Gorgani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shahba
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shafaghat
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Mojtabavi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Márquez AB, van der Vorst EPC, Maas SL. Key Chemokine Pathways in Atherosclerosis and Their Therapeutic Potential. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3825. [PMID: 34501271 PMCID: PMC8432216 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The search to improve therapies to prevent or treat cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) rages on, as CVDs remain a leading cause of death worldwide. Here, the main cause of CVDs, atherosclerosis, and its prevention, take center stage. Chemokines and their receptors have long been known to play an important role in the pathophysiological development of atherosclerosis. Their role extends from the initiation to the progression, and even the potential regression of atherosclerotic lesions. These important regulators in atherosclerosis are therefore an obvious target in the development of therapeutic strategies. A plethora of preclinical studies have assessed various possibilities for targeting chemokine signaling via various approaches, including competitive ligands and microRNAs, which have shown promising results in ameliorating atherosclerosis. Developments in the field also include detailed imaging with tracers that target specific chemokine receptors. Lastly, clinical trials revealed the potential of various therapies but still require further investigation before commencing clinical use. Although there is still a lot to be learned and investigated, it is clear that chemokines and their receptors present attractive yet extremely complex therapeutic targets. Therefore, this review will serve to provide a general overview of the connection between various chemokines and their receptors with atherosclerosis. The different developments, including mouse models and clinical trials that tackle this complex interplay will also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonnin Márquez
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Sanne L. Maas
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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20
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Nelke C, Schulte-Mecklenbeck A, Pawlitzki M, Rolfes L, Räuber S, Gross CC, Minnerup J, Meuth SG, Wiendl H, Ruck T. The Innate Immune Response Characterizes Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:1229-1240. [PMID: 33844127 PMCID: PMC8310851 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is often characterized by an inflammatory cerebrospinal-fluid (CSF) profile, knowledge of immune cell patterns in PRES is lacking. Thus, we retrospectively characterized CSF and peripheral blood (PB) from 15 PRES patients, which we analyzed by multidimensional flow cytometry (FC). Results were compared to 72 controls, as well as to 9 patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML, as a relevant differential diagnosis) and 15 multiple sclerosis patients (MS, as a classical neuroinflammatory disorder), respectively. Total protein level in CSF from PRES patients was elevated compared to that in controls, but not to MS and PML. In-depth FC analysis revealed no differences for adaptive immune cells (B cells, plasma cells, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells) in PB or CSF of PRES compared to controls. In contrast, we observed alterations of the adaptive immune response in CSF of PML and MS compared to PRES, indicating that the adaptive immune response is not a driver of disease in PRES. Indeed, PRES was characterized by an innate immune response with CD14++/CD16+ (intermediate) monocytes elevated in PB and CSF, while CD14++/CD16- (classical) monocytes were decreased in PB from PRES patients as compared to controls. Levels of CD14++/CD16+ monocytes correlated with the duration of hospital stay as a surrogate marker for disease severity in PRES patients. Our findings argue for a role of innate rather than adaptive immunity in the pathophysiology of PRES. The observed shift in monocyte subsets might provide valuable diagnostic clues for the clinical management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Nelke
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Marc Pawlitzki
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Leoni Rolfes
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Saskia Räuber
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Catharina C Gross
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jens Minnerup
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149, Münster, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149, Münster, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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21
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Vukićević D, Rovčanin B, Gopčević K, Stanković S, Vučević D, Jorgačević B, Mladenović D, Vesković M, Samardžić J, Ješić R, Radosavljević T. The Role of MIF in Hepatic Function, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Thioacetamide-induced Liver Injury in Mice: Protective Effects of Betaine. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3249-3268. [PMID: 33148149 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201104151025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multipotent cytokine that contributes to the inflammatory response to chemical liver injury. This cytokine exhibits pro- and anti-inflammatory effects depending on the etiology and stage of liver disease. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to investigate the role of MIF in oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver, and modulatory effects of betaine on MIF in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced chronic hepatic damage in mice. METHODS The experiment was performed on wild type and knockout MIF-/- C57BL/6 mice. They were divided into the following groups: control; Bet-group that received betaine (2% wt/v dissolved in drinking water); MIF-/- mice group; MIF-/-+Bet; TAA-group that received TAA (200 mg/kg b.w.), intraperitoneally, 3x/week/8 weeks); TAA+Bet; MIF-/-+TAA, and MIF-/-+TAA+Bet. In TAA- and Bet-treated groups, animals received the same doses. After eight weeks of treatment, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, and liver specimens were prepared for the assessment of parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation. RESULTS In MIF-/-mice, TAA reduced transaminases, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, bilirubin, malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidative protein products (AOPP), total oxidant status (TOS), C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, IFN-γ, and increased thiols and total antioxidant status (TAS). Betaine attenuated the mechanism of MIF and mediated effects in TAA-induced liver injury, reducing transaminases, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, bilirubin, MDA, AOPP, TOS, CRP, IL-6, IFN-g, and increasing thiols. CONCLUSION MIF is a mediator in hepatotoxic, pro-oxidative, and proinflammatoryeffects of TAA-induced liver injury. MIF-targeted therapy can potentially mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver, but the exact mechanism of its action requires further investigation. Betaine increases anti-oxidative defense and attenuates hepatotoxic effects of MIF, suggesting that betaine can be used for the prevention and treatment of liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Vukićević
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Rovčanin
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kristina Gopčević
- Institute of Chemistry in Medicine "Prof. Dr. Petar Matavulj", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Stanković
- Centre of Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Vučević
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Jorgačević
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Mladenović
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Vesković
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Janko Samardžić
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 9, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rada Ješić
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Radosavljević
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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22
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Liu H, Zhan F, Wang Y. Evaluation of monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in ischemic stroke. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520933806. [PMID: 32660292 PMCID: PMC7361497 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520933806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of the combination of the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) with the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) in ischemic stroke patients. Methods There were 253 patients who were diagnosed with ischemic stroke and 211 healthy subjects enrolled into this retrospective study. Result MHR and MLR were significantly higher in ischemic stroke patients compared with controls. MHR and MLR remained as independent variables for the presence of ischemic stroke. In receiver operating characteristic analyses, the optimal cut-off values for MHR and MLR were 0.28 and 0.19, respectively. The area under the curve for MHR was 0.777 (sensitivity, 66.01%; specificity, 77.25%), and that for MLR was 0.742 (sensitivity, 70.36%; specificity, 67.77%) in ischemic stroke patients. Moreover, the combination MHR and MLR increased the sensitivity compared with MHR or MLR alone. Conclusion The present study shows that a high MHR and MLR are each predictive for the risk of ischemic stroke, and together, they exhibit a better diagnostic value compared with each ratio alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changzhou Tumor Hospital Affiliated with Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changzhou Tumor Hospital Affiliated with Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changzhou Tumor Hospital Affiliated with Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
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Xue S, Tang H, Zhao G, Fang C, Shen Y, Yan D, Yuan Y, Fu W, Shi Z, Tang X, Guo D. C-C motif ligand 8 promotes atherosclerosis via NADPH oxidase 2/reactive oxygen species-induced endothelial permeability increase. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:181-192. [PMID: 33741452 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines have been reported to play important roles in atherosclerotic development. Recently, we found C-C motif ligand 8 (CCL8), a rarely studied chemokine in atherosclerosis, was highly expressed in the endothelium of advanced human carotid plaques. We hypothesized whether CCL8 promotes atherosclerosis through endothelial dysfunction. Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice under the Western diet were used to construct atherosclerosis models. Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) with CCL8 and the CCL8-antibody were injected into mice respectively to conduct CCL8 overexpression and suppression. The results showed that atherosclerotic lesions were significantly increased in the AAV-CCL8 group, while, lesions in the aortic sinus were reduced in the CCL8-antibody group. With CCL8 treatment (200 ng/ml, 24 h) in vitro, the permeability of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) increased and the expression of junctional proteins Zonula occluden-1, and Vascular endothelial cadherin were decreased. This effect was dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which could be blocked by l-Ascorbic acid and Apocynin. Results showed that NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression also increased with CCL8 stimulation and the ROS, and permeability increase of HAECs could be inhibited when NOX2 interfered with the specific siRNA. Additionally, we further found ERK1/2, PI3K-AKT, and NF-κB pathways were involved in the activation of CCL8. Our results indicated that CCL8 might also play important roles in atherosclerosis and this effect, at least in part, was caused by NOX2/ROS-induced endothelial permeability increase. This study might contribute to a deeper understanding of the connection between chemokines and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xue
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanfei Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gefei Zhao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiansu, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Fu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Shi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Daqiao Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Adipocyte-Specific ACKR3 Regulates Lipid Levels in Adipose Tissue. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040394. [PMID: 33917642 PMCID: PMC8067615 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional adipose tissue (AT) may contribute to the pathology of several metabolic diseases through altered lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) expression was shown to increase in AT during obesity, and its ubiquitous elimination caused hyperlipidemia in mice. Although these findings point towards a role of ACKR3 in the regulation of lipid levels, the role of adipocyte-specific ACKR3 has not yet been studied exclusively in this context. In this study, we established adipocyte- and hepatocyte-specific knockouts of Ackr3 in ApoE-deficient mice in order to determine its impact on lipid levels under hyperlipidemic conditions. We show for the first time that adipocyte-specific deletion of Ackr3 results in reduced AT triglyceride and cholesterol content in ApoE-deficient mice, which coincides with increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and increased Angptl4 expression. The role of adipocyte ACKR3 in lipid handling seems to be tissue-specific as hepatocyte ACKR3 deficiency did not demonstrate comparable effects. In summary, adipocyte-specific ACKR3 seems to regulate AT lipid levels in hyperlipidemic Apoe−/− mice, which may therefore be a significant determinant of AT health. Further studies are needed to explore the potential systemic or metabolic effects that adipocyte ACKR3 might have in associated disease models.
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25
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Ma Y, Ma Y, Gao M, Han Z, Jiang W, Gu Y, Liu Y. Platelet-Mimicking Therapeutic System for Noninvasive Mitigation of the Progression of Atherosclerotic Plaques. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004128. [PMID: 33898191 PMCID: PMC8061396 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque is the primary cause of cardiovascular disorders and remains a therapeutic hurdle for the early intervention of atherosclerosis. Traditional clinical strategies are often limited by surgery-related complications or unsatisfactory effects of long-term drug administration. Inspired by the plaque-binding ability of platelets, a biomimic photodynamic therapeutic system is designed to mitigate the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. This system is composed of photosensitizer-loaded upconversion nanoparticle cores entrapped in the platelet membrane. The platelet membrane coating facilitates specific targeting of the therapeutic system to macrophage-derived foam cells, the hallmark, and main component of early stage atherosclerotic plaques, which is firmly confirmed by in vivo fluorescent and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) radionuclide imaging. Importantly, in vivo phototherapy guided by SPECT/CT imaging alleviates plaque progression. Further immunofluorescence analysis reveals foam cell apoptosis and ameliorated inflammation. This biomimic system, which combines plaque-binding with radionuclide imaging guidance, is a novel, noninvasive, and potent strategy to mitigate the progression of atherosclerotic plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesSchool of EngineeringChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211198China
| | - Yuxuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesSchool of EngineeringChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211198China
| | - Mengqiu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesSchool of EngineeringChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211198China
| | - Zhihao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesSchool of EngineeringChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211198China
| | - Wen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesSchool of EngineeringChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211198China
| | - Yueqing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesSchool of EngineeringChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211198China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesSchool of EngineeringChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211198China
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Xiao Q, Li X, Li Y, Wu Z, Xu C, Chen Z, He W. Biological drug and drug delivery-mediated immunotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:941-960. [PMID: 33996408 PMCID: PMC8105778 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation and development of major inflammatory diseases, i.e., cancer, vascular inflammation, and some autoimmune diseases are closely linked to the immune system. Biologics-based immunotherapy is exerting a critical role against these diseases, whereas the usage of the immunomodulators is always limited by various factors such as susceptibility to digestion by enzymes in vivo, poor penetration across biological barriers, and rapid clearance by the reticuloendothelial system. Drug delivery strategies are potent to promote their delivery. Herein, we reviewed the potential targets for immunotherapy against the major inflammatory diseases, discussed the biologics and drug delivery systems involved in the immunotherapy, particularly highlighted the approved therapy tactics, and finally offer perspectives in this field.
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Key Words
- AAs, amino acids
- ACT, adoptive T cell therapy
- AHC, Chlamydia pneumonia
- ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- AP, ascorbyl palmitate
- APCs, antigen-presenting cells
- AS, atherosclerosis
- ASIT, antigen-specific immunotherapy
- Adoptive cell transfer
- ApoA–I, apolipoprotein A–I
- ApoB LPs, apolipoprotein-B-containing lipoproteins
- Atherosclerosis
- BMPR-II, bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor
- Biologics
- Bregs, regulatory B lymphocytes
- CAR, chimeric antigen receptor
- CCR9–CCL25, CC receptor 9–CC chemokine ligand 25
- CD, Crohn's disease
- CETP, cholesterol ester transfer protein
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4
- CX3CL1, CXXXC-chemokine ligand 1
- CXCL 16, CXC-chemokine ligand 16
- CXCR 2, CXC-chemokine receptor 2
- Cancer immunotherapy
- CpG ODNs, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides
- DAMPs, danger-associated molecular patterns
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DDS, drug delivery system
- DMARDs, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
- DMPC, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine
- DSS, dextran sulfate sodium
- Dex, dexamethasone
- Drug delivery
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- ECs, endothelial cells
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention effect
- ET-1, endothelin-1
- ETAR, endothelin-1 receptor type A
- FAO, fatty acid oxidation
- GM-CSF, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HER2, human epidermal growth factor-2
- IBD, inflammatory bowel diseases
- ICOS, inducible co-stimulator
- ICP, immune checkpoint
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- IT-hydrogel, inflammation-targeting hydrogel
- Immune targets
- Inflammatory diseases
- JAK, Janus kinase
- LAG-3, lymphocyte-activation gene 3
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LTB4, leukotriene B4
- MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1
- MCT, monocrotaline
- MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell
- MHCs, major histocompatibility complexes
- MHPC, 1-myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-phosphocholine
- MIF, migration inhibitory factor
- MM, multiple myeloma
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- MOF, metal–organic framework
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κ-B
- NK, natural killer
- NPs, nanoparticles
- NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- PAECs, pulmonary artery endothelial cells
- PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension
- PASMCs, pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PCSK9, proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9
- PD-1, programmed death protein-1
- PD-L1, programmed cell death-ligand 1
- PLGA, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid
- Pulmonary artery hypertension
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SHP-2, Src homology 2 domain–containing tyrosine phosphatase 2
- SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus
- SMCs, smooth muscle cells
- Src, sarcoma gene
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- TILs, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
- TIM-3, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TRAF6, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6
- Teff, effector T cell
- Th17, T helper 17
- Tph, T peripheral helper
- Tregs, regulatory T cells
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- VEC, vascular endothelial cadherin
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VISTA, V-domain immunoglobulin-containing suppressor of T-cell activation
- YCs, yeast-derived microcapsules
- bDMARDs, biological DMARDs
- hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
- mAbs, monoclonal antibodies
- mPAP, mean pulmonary artery pressure
- nCmP, nanocomposite microparticle
- rHDL, recombinant HDL
- rhTNFRFc, recombinant human TNF-α receptor II-IgG Fc fusion protein
- scFv, single-chain variable fragment
- α1D-AR, α1D-adrenergic receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Chenjie Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
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Liang FQ, Gao JY, Liu JW. C-X-C motif chemokine 16, modulated by microRNA-545, aggravates myocardial damage and affects the inflammatory responses in myocardial infarction. Hum Genomics 2021; 15:15. [PMID: 33637127 PMCID: PMC7908694 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-021-00314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI), a common type of coronary heart disease, is the major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Chemokine-mediated inflammatory cell infiltration and local inflammatory damage response are recent research hotspots. Hence, we attempted to examine the role of C-X-C motif chemokine 16 (CXCL16) as a potential candidate in MI. METHODS Human cardiomyocytes were treated with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) to establish an in vitro cell model. GEO database provided the clinical data of MI patients and GSEA verified the relationship of chemokine and MI. CCK-8 and flow cytometry analyses were used to measure cell viability and apoptosis. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay were conducted to determine the correlation between CXCL16 and miR-545. qRT-PCR and western blot assays were performed to investigate the expression level of the indicated genes. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10 were explored using ELISA assay. RESULTS CXCL16 was increased in MI. CXCL16 knockdown can reverse the inhibitory effect of H/R treatment on cell viability, while overexpression of CXCL16 showed the opposite trend. MiR-545 directly targeted CXCL16 and negatively regulated CXCL16 levels. MiR-545 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in the MI cell model, which attenuated the CXCL16-induced injury on cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that CXCL16 aggravated MI damage through being directly targeted by miR-545 and mediating inflammatory responses, thereby providing potential therapeutic targets for MI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Qian Liang
- Department of General practice, North China University of science and technology affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yuan Gao
- Department of General practice, North China University of science and technology affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Wei Liu
- Jingzhou Central Hospital, Heart function examination room, No.60 Jingzhong Road, Jingzhou District (Jingzhou ancient town flower terrace), Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Vacante F, Rodor J, Lalwani MK, Mahmoud AD, Bennett M, De Pace AL, Miller E, Van Kuijk K, de Bruijn J, Gijbels M, Williams TC, Clark MB, Scanlon JP, Doran AC, Montgomery R, Newby DE, Giacca M, O'Carroll D, Hadoke PWF, Denby L, Sluimer JC, Baker AH. CARMN Loss Regulates Smooth Muscle Cells and Accelerates Atherosclerosis in Mice. Circ Res 2021; 128:1258-1275. [PMID: 33622045 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Vacante
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Julie Rodor
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Mukesh K Lalwani
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Amira D Mahmoud
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Matthew Bennett
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Azzurra L De Pace
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Centre for Regenerative Medicine (A.D.P., D.O.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Eileen Miller
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Kim Van Kuijk
- Pathology, Maastricht Medical Center, the Netherlands (K.V.K., J.d., J.C.S., A.H.B.)
| | - Jenny de Bruijn
- Pathology, Maastricht Medical Center, the Netherlands (K.V.K., J.d., J.C.S., A.H.B.)
| | - Marion Gijbels
- Pathology CARIM, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands (M. Gijbels)
| | - Thomas C Williams
- Insitute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.C.W.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Michael B Clark
- Centre for Stem Cell Systems, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Australia (M.B.C.)
| | - Jessica P Scanlon
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Amanda C Doran
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (A.C.D)
| | | | - David E Newby
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M. Gijbels).,King's College London, England (M. Giacca)
| | - Dónal O'Carroll
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Centre for Regenerative Medicine (A.D.P., D.O.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Patrick W F Hadoke
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Laura Denby
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Judith C Sluimer
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland.,Pathology, Maastricht Medical Center, the Netherlands (K.V.K., J.d., J.C.S., A.H.B.)
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland.,Pathology, Maastricht Medical Center, the Netherlands (K.V.K., J.d., J.C.S., A.H.B.)
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Truong R, Thankam FG, Agrawal DK. Immunological mechanisms underlying sterile inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: potential sites for intervention. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 17:37-50. [PMID: 33280442 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1860757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Innate and adaptive immunity play a critical role in the underlying pathological mechanisms of atherosclerosis and potential target sites of sterile inflammation open opportunities to develop novel therapeutics. In response to oxidized LDL in the intimal layer, T cell subsets are recruited and activated at the site of atheroma to upregulate pro-atherogenic cytokines which exacerbate plaque formation instability.Areas covered: A systematic search of PubMed and the Web of Science was performed between January 2001- September 2020 and relevant articles in sterile inflammation and atherosclerosis were critically reviewed. The original information was collected on the interconnection between danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) as the mediators of sterile inflammation and the receptor complex of CD36-TLR4-TLR6 that primes and activates inflammasomes in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Mediators of sterile inflammation are identified to target therapeutic strategies in the management of atherosclerosis.Expert opinion: Sterile inflammation via NLRP3 inflammasome is perpetuated by the activation of IL-1β and IL-18 and induction of pyroptosis resulting in the release of additional inflammatory cytokines and DAMPs. Challenges with current inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome lie in the specificity, stability, and efficacy in targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome constituents without ameliorating upstream or downstream responses necessary for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Truong
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
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30
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Wang Q, Chi ZF, Wei D, Zhao ZA, Zhang H, Zhang LM, Liu YX, Kang AL, Zhao M, Wang P, Nie LH, Niu CY, Zhao ZG. Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Inflammation Is Involved in the Impairment of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Induced by Post-hemorrhagic Shock Mesenteric Lymph. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1717. [PMID: 33013823 PMCID: PMC7509150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial injury caused by post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph (PHSML) return is an important manifestation during refractory hemorrhagic shock. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and transcriptome analysis, this study sought to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the adverse effect of PHSML on vascular endothelium. Post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph was collected from male rats after they underwent hemorrhagic shock and following resuscitation, while normal mesenteric lymph (NML) was harvested from sham rats. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with the culture medium containing either 10% phosphate buffered saline (Control), NML, or PHSML for 3 h, and then were harvested for RNA sequencing. In comparison with NML treated cells, 37 genes were differentially expressed in PHSML-treated HUVECs, including 32 upregulated genes and five downregulated genes. These differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in inflammatory pathways, including signaling pathways for activation of the NOD-like receptors, NF-κB, and TNF. Furthermore, we found that C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) was increased significantly after PHSML treatment, and Bindarit, a CCL2 production inhibitor, attenuated the damage of HUVECs induced by PHSML. The results provide molecular evidence on vascular endothelium damage caused by PHSML. C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 might represent a new target for reducing vascular injury after severe hemorrhagic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Pathophysiology Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhen-Fen Chi
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wei
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Ao Zhao
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Pathophysiology Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Pathophysiology Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Li-Min Zhang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Pathophysiology Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Yan-Xu Liu
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Pathophysiology Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - An-Ling Kang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Pathophysiology Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Pathophysiology Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Pathophysiology Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Ling-Hu Nie
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Yu Niu
- Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zi-Gang Zhao
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Pathophysiology Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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31
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Epshtein M, Korin N. Computational and experimental investigation of particulate matter deposition in cerebral side aneurysms. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20200510. [PMID: 32811296 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms frequently develop blood clots, plaque and inflammations, which are linked to enhanced particulate mass deposition. In this work, we propose a computational model for particulate deposition, that accounts for the influence of field forces, such as gravity and electrostatics, which produce an additional flux of particles perpendicular to the fluid motion and towards the wall. This field-mediated flux can significantly enhance particle deposition in low-shear environments, such as in aneurysm cavities. Experimental investigation of particle deposition patterns in in vitro models of side aneurysms, demonstrated the ability of the model to predict enhanced particle adhesion at these sites. Our results showed a significant influence of gravity and electrostatic forces (greater than 10%), indicating that the additional terms presented in our models may be necessary for modelling a wide range of physiological flow conditions and not only for ultra-low shear regions. Spatial differences between the computational model and the experimental results suggested that additional transport and fluidic mechanisms affect the deposition pattern within aneurysms. Taken together, the presented findings may enhance our understanding of pathological deposition processes at cardiovascular disease sites, and facilitate rational design and optimization of cardiovascular particulate drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Epshtein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - IIT, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Netanel Korin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - IIT, Haifa 32000, Israel
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32
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Banesh S, Trivedi V. Therapeutic Potentials of Scavenger Receptor CD36 Mediated Innate Immune Responses Against Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 17:299-317. [PMID: 31376823 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666190802153319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CD36 is a multifunctional glycoprotein, expressed in different types of cells and known to play a significant role in the pathophysiology of the host. The structural studies revealed that the scavenger receptor consists of short cytosolic domains, two transmembrane domains, and a large ectodomain. The ectodomain serves as a receptor for a diverse number of endogenous and exogenous ligands. The CD36-specific ligands are involved in regulating the immune response during infectious and non-infectious diseases in the host. The role of CD36 in regulating the innate immune response during Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Malaria, Leishmaniasis, HIV, and Sepsis in a ligand- mediated fashion. Apart from infectious diseases, it is also considered to be involved in metabolic disorders such as Atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's, cancer, and Diabetes. The ligand binding to scavenger receptor modulates the CD36 down-stream innate immune response, and it can be exploited to design suitable immuno-modulators. Hence, the current review focused on the role of the CD36 in innate immune response and therapeutic potentials of novel heterocyclic compounds as CD36 ligands during infectious and non-infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooram Banesh
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Vishal Trivedi
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
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33
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The Impact of Dietary Supplementation of Whole Foods and Polyphenols on Atherosclerosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072069. [PMID: 32664664 PMCID: PMC7400924 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to highlight current research on the benefits of supplementation with foods with a diverse polyphenol composition, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, oils, spices, and teas in blunting atherosclerosis. We searched PubMed for publications utilizing whole food or polyphenols prepared from whole foods in Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) or Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) knockout mice, and identified 73 studies in which plaque was measured. The majority of the studies reported a reduction in plaque. Nine interventions showed no effect, while three using Agaricus blazei mushroom, HYJA-ri-4 rice variety, and safrole-2', 3'-oxide (SFO) increased plaque. The mechanisms by which atherosclerosis was reduced include improved lipid profile, antioxidant status, and cholesterol clearance, and reduced inflammation. Importantly, not all dietary interventions that reduce plaque showed an improvement in lipid profile. Additionally, we found that, out of 73 studies, only 9 used female mice and only 6 compared both sexes. Only one study compared the two models (LDLR vs. ApoE), showing that the treatment worked in one but not the other. Not all supplementations work in both male and female animals, suggesting that increasing the variety of foods with different polyphenol compositions may be more effective in mitigating atherosclerosis.
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34
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MacAskill MG, Newby DE, Tavares AAS. Frontiers in positron emission tomography imaging of the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1952-1962. [PMID: 31233100 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques leading to an atherothrombotic event is the primary driver of myocardial infarction and stroke. The ability to detect non-invasively the presence and evolution of vulnerable plaques could have a huge impact on the future identification and management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with an appropriate radiotracer has the potential to achieve this goal. This review will discuss the biological hallmarks of plaque vulnerability before going on to evaluate and to present PET imaging approaches which target these processes. The focus of this review will be on techniques beyond [18F]FDG imaging, some of which are clinically advanced, and others which are on the horizon. As inflammation is the primary driving force behind atherosclerotic plaque development, we will predominantly focus on approaches which either directly, or indirectly, target this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G MacAskill
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David E Newby
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adriana A S Tavares
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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35
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Li X, Rosenkrans ZT, Wang J, Cai W. PET imaging of macrophages in cardiovascular diseases. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:1491-1514. [PMID: 32509158 PMCID: PMC7270023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been the leading cause of death in United States. While tremendous progress has been made for treating CVDs over the year, the high prevalence and substantial medical costs requires the necessity for novel methods for the early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of CVDs. Macrophages are a promising target due to its crucial role in the progress of CVDs (atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and inflammatory cardiomyopathies). Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive imaging technique with high sensitivity and provides quantitive functional information of the macrophages in CVDs. Although 18F-FDG can be taken up by active macrophages, the PET imaging tracer is non-specific and susceptible to blood glucose levels. Thus, developing more specific PET tracers will help us understand the role of macrophages in CVDs. Moreover, macrophage-targeted PET imaging will further improve the diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and outcome prediction for patients with CVDs. In this review, we summarize various targets-based tracers for the PET imaging of macrophages in CVDs and highlight research gaps to advise future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53705, USA
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36
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Mourouzis K, Oikonomou E, Siasos G, Tsalamadris S, Vogiatzi G, Antonopoulos A, Fountoulakis P, Goliopoulou A, Papaioannou S, Tousoulis D. Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Acute Coronary Syndromes. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4624-4647. [PMID: 32282296 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200413082353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last decades, the role of inflammation and immune system activation in the initiation and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been established. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to present the interplay between cytokines and their actions preceding and shortly after ACS. METHODS We searched in a systemic manner the most relevant articles to the topic of inflammation, cytokines, vulnerable plaque and myocardial infarction in MEDLINE, COCHRANE and EMBASE databases. RESULTS Different classes of cytokines (intereleukin [IL]-1 family, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) family, chemokines, adipokines, interferons) are implicated in the entire process leading to destabilization of the atherosclerotic plaque, and consequently, to the incidence of myocardial infarction. Especially IL-1 and TNF-α family are involved in inflammatory cell accumulation, vulnerable plaque formation, platelet aggregation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and adverse remodeling following the myocardial infarction. Several cytokines such as IL-6, adiponectin, interferon-γ, appear with significant prognostic value in ACS patients. Thus, research interest focuses on the modulation of inflammation in ACS to improve clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION Understanding the unique characteristics that accompany each cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction could illuminate the signaling pathways involved in plaque destabilization and indicate future treatment strategies to improve cardiovascular prognosis in ACS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Mourouzis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiris Tsalamadris
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vogiatzi
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios Antonopoulos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Fountoulakis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Goliopoulou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Papaioannou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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37
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Wu G, Zhang J, Zhao Q, Zhuang W, Ding J, Zhang C, Gao H, Pang D, Pu K, Xie H. Molecularly Engineered Macrophage‐Derived Exosomes with Inflammation Tropism and Intrinsic Heme Biosynthesis for Atherosclerosis Treatment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4068-4074. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Wu
- School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Zhong Guan Cun Street Beijing 100081 China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Zhong Guan Cun Street Beijing 100081 China
| | - Qianru Zhao
- School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Zhong Guan Cun Street Beijing 100081 China
| | - Wanru Zhuang
- School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Zhong Guan Cun Street Beijing 100081 China
| | - Jingjing Ding
- School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Zhong Guan Cun Street Beijing 100081 China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Haijun Gao
- School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Zhong Guan Cun Street Beijing 100081 China
| | - Dai‐Wen Pang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences College of Chemistry Nankai University No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Hai‐Yan Xie
- School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Zhong Guan Cun Street Beijing 100081 China
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38
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Wu G, Zhang J, Zhao Q, Zhuang W, Ding J, Zhang C, Gao H, Pang D, Pu K, Xie H. Molecularly Engineered Macrophage‐Derived Exosomes with Inflammation Tropism and Intrinsic Heme Biosynthesis for Atherosclerosis Treatment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Wu
- School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Zhong Guan Cun Street Beijing 100081 China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Zhong Guan Cun Street Beijing 100081 China
| | - Qianru Zhao
- School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Zhong Guan Cun Street Beijing 100081 China
| | - Wanru Zhuang
- School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Zhong Guan Cun Street Beijing 100081 China
| | - Jingjing Ding
- School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Zhong Guan Cun Street Beijing 100081 China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Haijun Gao
- School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Zhong Guan Cun Street Beijing 100081 China
| | - Dai‐Wen Pang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences College of Chemistry Nankai University No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Hai‐Yan Xie
- School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Zhong Guan Cun Street Beijing 100081 China
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39
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Tajbakhsh A, Kovanen PT, Rezaee M, Banach M, Moallem SA, Sahebkar A. Regulation of efferocytosis by caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death in atherosclerosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 120:105684. [PMID: 31911118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
During the growing process of the atherosclerotic lesions, lipid-filled macrophage foam cells form, accumulate, and ultimately undergo apoptotic death. If the apoptotic foam cells are not timely removed, they may undergo secondary necrosis, and form a necrotic lipid core which renders the plaque unstable and susceptible to rupture. Therefore, the non-lipid-filled fellow macrophages, as the main phagocytic cells in atherosclerotic lesions, need to effectively remove the apoptotic foam cells. In general, in apoptotic macrophages, caspases are the central regulators of several key processes required for their efficient efferocytosis. The processes include the generation of "Find-Me" signals (such as adenosine triphosphate/uridine triphosphate, fractalkine, lysophosphatidylcholine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate) for the recruitment of viable macrophages, generation of the "Eat-Me" signals (for example, phosphatidylserine) for the engulfment process, and, finally, release of anti-inflammatory mediators (including transforming factor β and interleukin-10) as a tolerance-enhancing and an anti-inflammatory response, and for the motile behavior of the apoptotic cell. The caspase-dependent mechanisms are operative also in apoptotic macrophages driving the atherogenesis. In this review, we explore the role of the molecular pathways related to the caspase-dependent events in efferocytosis in the context of atherosclerosis. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms of apoptotic cell death in atherosclerotic lesions is essential when searching for new leads to treat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Rezaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Seyed Adel Moallem
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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40
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Wu Y, Xu W, Hou J, Liu Y, Li R, Liu J, Li C, Tang X, Lin L, Pan Y, Zhang D. Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced MIF Regulates Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression in EA.hy926 Cells and Monocyte-Endothelial Cell Adhesion Through the Receptors CD74 and CXCR4. Inflammation 2019; 42:874-883. [PMID: 30506423 PMCID: PMC6527533 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is an important pathogen that contributes to periodontal disease and causes infections that promote the progression of atherosclerosis. Our previous studies showed that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) facilitates monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells by regulating the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in P. gingivalis-infected endothelial cells. However, the detailed pathological role of MIF has yet to be elucidated in this context. To explore the functional receptor(s) of MIF that underlie its participation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, we investigated the expression of the chemokine receptors CD74 and CXCR4 in endothelial cells, both of which were shown to be involved in the adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells pretreated with P. gingivalis. Furthermore, the formation of a MIF, CD74, and CXCR4 ligand-receptor complex was revealed by our immunofluorescence staining and coimmunoprecipitation results. By interacting with the CD74/CXCR4 receptor complex, MIF may act as a crucial regulator of monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and promote the atherosclerotic plaque formation induced by P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street No.117, Shenyang, 110002 China
| | - Wanyue Xu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street No.117, Shenyang, 110002 China
| | - Jingya Hou
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street No.117, Shenyang, 110002 China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street No.117, Shenyang, 110002 China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street No.117, Shenyang, 110002 China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of
Stomatology, China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street No.117, Shenyang, 110002 China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of
Stomatology, China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street No.117, Shenyang, 110002 China
| | - Xiaolin Tang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of
Stomatology, China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street No.117, Shenyang, 110002 China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of
Stomatology, China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street No.117, Shenyang, 110002 China
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of
Stomatology, China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street No.117, Shenyang, 110002 China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of
Stomatology, China Medical University, Heping District, Nanjing North Street No.117, Shenyang, 110002 China
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41
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Holme JA, Brinchmann BC, Refsnes M, Låg M, Øvrevik J. Potential role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as mediators of cardiovascular effects from combustion particles. Environ Health 2019; 18:74. [PMID: 31439044 PMCID: PMC6704565 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is the most important environmental risk factor for disease and premature death, and exposure to combustion particles from vehicles is a major contributor. Human epidemiological studies combined with experimental studies strongly suggest that exposure to combustion particles may enhance the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including atherosclerosis, hypertension, thrombosis and myocardial infarction.In this review we hypothesize that adhered organic chemicals like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), contribute to development or exacerbation of CVD from combustion particles exposure. We summarize present knowledge from existing human epidemiological and clinical studies as well as experimental studies in animals and relevant in vitro studies. The available evidence suggests that organic compounds attached to these particles are significant triggers of CVD. Furthermore, their effects seem to be mediated at least in part by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The mechanisms include AhR-induced changes in gene expression as well as formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or reactive electrophilic metabolites. This is in accordance with a role of PAHs, as they seem to be the major chemical group on combustion particles, which bind AhR and/or is metabolically activated by CYP-enzymes. In some experimental models however, it seems as PAHs may induce an inflammatory atherosclerotic plaque phenotype irrespective of DNA- and/or AhR-ligand binding properties. Thus, various components and several signalling mechanisms/pathways are likely involved in CVD induced by combustion particles.We still need to expand our knowledge about the role of PAHs in CVD and in particular the relative importance of the different PAH species. This warrants further studies as enhanced knowledge on this issue may amend risk assessment of CVD caused by combustion particles and selection of efficient measures to reduce the health effects of particular matters (PM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørn A Holme
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bendik C Brinchmann
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magne Refsnes
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Låg
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Liu Y, Woodard PK. Chemokine receptors: Key for molecular imaging of inflammation in atherosclerosis. J Nucl Cardiol 2019; 26:1179-1181. [PMID: 29516368 PMCID: PMC6128785 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-1248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Pamela K Woodard
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Exposure to systemic and intrauterine inflammation leads to decreased pup survival via different placental mechanisms. J Reprod Immunol 2019; 133:52-62. [PMID: 31280130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Exposure to systemic maternal inflammation (i.e., maternal sepsis, influenza, human immunodeficiency virus, or pyelonephritis) and intrauterine (IU) inflammation (i.e., chorioamnionitis or preterm labor) have been associated with adverse perinatal sequelae. Whether systemic and localized inflammation leading to adverse outcomes have similar placental mechanisms remain unclear. METHOD OF STUDY We conducted a study by murine modeling systemic and localized IU inflammation with injections of either intraperitoneal (IP) or IU interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and compared fetoplacental hemodynamic changes, cytokine/chemokine expression, and fetal loss. RESULTS IU IL-1β exposure reduced offspring survival by 31.1% and IP IL-1β exposure by 34.5% when compared with control pups. Despite this similar outcome in offspring survival, Doppler analysis revealed a stark difference: IU group displayed worsened fetoplacental hemodynamic changes while no differences were found between IP and control groups. While both IU and IP groups had increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, specific gene expression trends differed between the two groups, once again highlighting their mechanistic differences. CONCLUSION While both IP and IU IL-1β exposure similarly affected pup survival, only IU inflammation resulted in fetoplacental hemodynamic changes. We speculate that exposure to maternal systemic and IU inflammation plays a key role in fetal injury by utilizing different placental inflammatory pathways and mechanisms.
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Gao JH, Yu XH, Tang CK. CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) in atherosclerosis: An underlying therapeutic target. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 495:538-544. [PMID: 31145896 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) is a specific chemokine ligand and plays a significant role in cell chemotaxis. Upon binding to CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) or CXCR7, CXCL12 can activate different signaling cascades to regulate cell proliferation, migration, and metabolism. CXCL12 exerts a pro-atherogenic action by aggravating multiple pathogenesis of atherogenesis, including dyslipidemia, inflammation, neointima hyperplasia, angiogenesis, and insulin resistance. Serum CXCL12 levels are also markedly increased in patients with atherosclerosis-associated disease. The present review focuses on recent advances in CXCL12 research in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis together with its clinical values. This may provide insight into potential novel therapies for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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45
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van der Vorst EPC, Peters LJF, Müller M, Gencer S, Yan Y, Weber C, Döring Y. G-Protein Coupled Receptor Targeting on Myeloid Cells in Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:531. [PMID: 31191301 PMCID: PMC6540917 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of the majority of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), is a lipid-driven, inflammatory disease of the large arteries. Gold standard therapy with statins and the more recently developed proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors have improved health conditions among CVD patients by lowering low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Nevertheless, a substantial part of these patients is still suffering and it seems that 'just' lipid lowering is insufficient. The results of the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS) have now proven that inflammation is a key driver of atherosclerosis and that targeting inflammation improves CVD outcomes. Therefore, the identification of novel drug targets and development of novel therapeutics that block atherosclerosis-specific inflammatory pathways have to be promoted. The inflammatory processes in atherosclerosis are facilitated by a network of immune cells and their subsequent responses. Cell networking is orchestrated by various (inflammatory) mediators which interact, bind and induce signaling. Over the last years, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) emerged as important players in recognizing these mediators, because of their diverse functions in steady state but also and specifically during chronic inflammatory processes - such as atherosclerosis. In this review, we will therefore highlight a selection of these receptors or receptor sub-families mainly expressed on myeloid cells and their role in atherosclerosis. More specifically, we will focus on chemokine receptors, both classical and atypical, formyl-peptide receptors, the chemerin receptor 23 and the calcium-sensing receptor. When information is available, we will also describe the consequences of their targeting which may hold promising options for future treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research/Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Linsey J. F. Peters
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Madeleine Müller
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Selin Gencer
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yi Yan
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Munich, Germany
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Ganev M, Balabanski L, Serbezov D, Karachanak-Yankova S, Vazharova R, Nesheva D, Hammoudeh Z, Nikolova D, Antonova O, Staneva R, Mihaylova M, Damyanova V, Hadjidekova S, Toncheva D. Prioritization of genetic variants predisposing to coronary heart disease in the Bulgarian population using centenarian exomes. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1700164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mihail Ganev
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lubomir Balabanski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Genome laboratory, SBALGAR Clinic Malinov, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Serbezov
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sena Karachanak-Yankova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radoslava Vazharova
- Genome laboratory, SBALGAR Clinic Malinov, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University St Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Desislava Nesheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zora Hammoudeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dragomira Nikolova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Olga Antonova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rada Staneva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marta Mihaylova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vera Damyanova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Savina Hadjidekova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Draga Toncheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Sofia, Bulgaria
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47
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Rijvers L, Melief M, van der Vuurst de Vries RM, Stéphant M, van Langelaar J, Wierenga‐Wolf AF, Hogervorst JM, Geurts‐Moespot AJ, Sweep FCGJ, Hintzen RQ, van Luijn MM. The macrophage migration inhibitory factor pathway in human B cells is tightly controlled and dysregulated in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1861-1871. [PMID: 30160778 PMCID: PMC6282801 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In MS, B cells survive peripheral tolerance checkpoints to mediate local inflammation, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are relatively underexplored. In mice, the MIF pathway controls B-cell development and the induction of EAE. Here, we found that MIF and MIF receptor CD74 are downregulated, while MIF receptor CXCR4 is upregulated in B cells from early onset MS patients. B cells were identified as the main immune subset in blood expressing MIF. Blocking of MIF and CD74 signaling in B cells triggered CXCR4 expression, and vice versa, with separate effects on their proinflammatory activity, proliferation, and sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis. This study reveals a new reciprocal negative regulation loop between CD74 and CXCR4 in human B cells. The disturbance of this loop during MS onset provides further insights into how pathogenic B cells survive peripheral tolerance checkpoints to mediate disease activity in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Rijvers
- Department of ImmunologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- MS Center ErasMSErasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marie‐José Melief
- Department of ImmunologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- MS Center ErasMSErasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Roos M. van der Vuurst de Vries
- Department of NeurologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- MS Center ErasMSErasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Maeva Stéphant
- Department of ImmunologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- MS Center ErasMSErasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jamie van Langelaar
- Department of ImmunologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- MS Center ErasMSErasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Annet F. Wierenga‐Wolf
- Department of ImmunologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- MS Center ErasMSErasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jeanet M. Hogervorst
- Department of ImmunologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- MS Center ErasMSErasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Fred C. G. J. Sweep
- Department of Laboratory MedicineRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Rogier Q. Hintzen
- Department of ImmunologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- MS Center ErasMSErasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marvin M. van Luijn
- Department of ImmunologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- MS Center ErasMSErasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
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Sukhanov S, Higashi Y, Shai SY, Snarski P, Danchuk S, D'Ambra V, Tabony M, Woods TC, Hou X, Li Z, Ozoe A, Chandrasekar B, Takahashi SI, Delafontaine P. SM22α (Smooth Muscle Protein 22-α) Promoter-Driven IGF1R (Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor) Deficiency Promotes Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:2306-2317. [PMID: 30354209 PMCID: PMC6287936 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective- IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) is a major autocrine/paracrine growth factor, which promotes cell proliferation, migration, and survival. We have shown previously that IGF-1 reduced atherosclerosis and promoted features of stable atherosclerotic plaque in Apoe-/- mice-an animal model of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to assess effects of smooth muscle cell (SMC) IGF-1 signaling on the atherosclerotic plaque. Approach and Results- We generated Apoe-/- mice with IGF1R (IGF-1 receptor) deficiency in SMC and fibroblasts (SM22α [smooth muscle protein 22 α]-CreKI/IGF1R-flox mice). IGF1R was decreased in the aorta and adventitia of SM22α-CreKI/IGF1R-flox mice and also in aortic SMC, embryonic, skin, and lung fibroblasts isolated from SM22α-CreKI/IGF1R-flox mice. IGF1R deficiency downregulated collagen mRNA-binding protein LARP6 (La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 6) and vascular collagen, and mice exhibited growth retardation. The high-fat diet-fed SM22α-CreKI/IGF1R-flox mice had increased atherosclerotic burden and inflammatory responses. α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin)-positive plaque cells had reduced proliferation and elevated apoptosis. SMC/fibroblast-targeted decline in IGF-1 signaling decreased atherosclerotic plaque SMC, markedly depleted collagen, reduced plaque fibrous cap, and increased plaque necrotic cores. Aortic SMC isolated from SM22α-CreKI/IGF1R-flox mice had decreased cell proliferation, migration, increased sensitivity to apoptosis, and these effects were associated with disruption of IGF-1-induced Akt signaling. Conclusions- IGF-1 signaling in SMC and in fibroblast is a critical determinant of normal vascular wall development and atheroprotection.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Apoptosis
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Autoantigens/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibrosis
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/deficiency
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Ribonucleoproteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- SS-B Antigen
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Sukhanov
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
| | - Yusuke Higashi
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
| | - Shaw-Yung Shai
- Heart and Vascular Institute (S.-Y.S., V.D., M.T.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Patricia Snarski
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
| | - Svitlana Danchuk
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
| | - Veronica D'Ambra
- Heart and Vascular Institute (S.-Y.S., V.D., M.T.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Michael Tabony
- Heart and Vascular Institute (S.-Y.S., V.D., M.T.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - T Cooper Woods
- Department of Physiology (T.C.W.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Xuwei Hou
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
| | - Zhaohui Li
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
| | - Atsufumi Ozoe
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan (A.O., S.-I.T.)
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
- Harry Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (B.C.)
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan (A.O., S.-I.T.)
| | - Patrice Delafontaine
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
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49
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Tajbakhsh A, Rezaee M, Kovanen PT, Sahebkar A. Efferocytosis in atherosclerotic lesions: Malfunctioning regulatory pathways and control mechanisms. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 188:12-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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50
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Li L, Wang L, Li H, Han X, Chen S, Yang B, Hu Z, Zhu H, Cai C, Chen J, Li X, Huang J, Gu D. Characterization of LncRNA expression profile and identification of novel LncRNA biomarkers to diagnose coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2018; 275:359-367. [PMID: 30015300 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been proven to be involved in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it remains to be extensively explored. Thus, the present study aims to study expression patterns, biological functions, and diagnostic value of lncRNAs in CAD. METHODS Using microarray, we performed the transcriptome-wide lncRNA and mRNAs expression profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 93 CAD patients and 48 healthy controls. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analysis for differentially expressed mRNAs were used to investigate underlying biological associations of differentially expressed lncRNAs, and path-net was created to depict interactions of significant pathways. qRT-PCR was used to validate selected lncRNAs in 412 CAD patients and 295 healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate whether lncRNAs could be used in the diagnosis of CAD patients. Finally, the functional significance of validated lncRNAs was determined in THP-1-derived macrophages. RESULTS We identified 1210 lncRNAs and 890 mRNAs differentially expressed from the expression profile and validated 7 lncRNAs. Two novel lncRNA biomarkers, ENST00000444488.1 and uc010yfd.1, together with CAD risk factors, had the better performance for discrimination of CAD patients from healthy controls, and ENST00000444488.1 could diagnose acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. The knockdown of 20 ENST00000444488.1, uc010yfd.1, ASO3973 and ENST00000602558.1 affected the expression of inflammation-related genes and their nearby genes in THP-1-derived macrophages, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We offered a transcriptome-wide overview of aberrantly expressed lncRNAs in CAD patients, and identified two novel lncRNA biomarkers for diagnosing CAD. Loss of validated lncRNAs regulated the expression of inflammation-related genes and their nearby genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Laiyuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Hongfan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xikun Han
- Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zunsong Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Can Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jichun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
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