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Bakinowska E, Olejnik-Wojciechowska J, Kiełbowski K, Skoryk A, Pawlik A. Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia in Chronic Kidney Disease-The Role of Inflammation, Metabolic Dysregulation, Gut Dysbiosis, and microRNA. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8474. [PMID: 39126043 PMCID: PMC11313360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive disorder associated with a decline in kidney function. Consequently, patients with advanced stages of CKD require renal replacement therapies, such as dialysis and kidney transplantation. Various conditions lead to the development of CKD, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis, among others. The disease is associated with metabolic and hormonal dysregulation, including uraemia and hyperparathyroidism, as well as with low-grade systemic inflammation. Altered homeostasis increases the risk of developing severe comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases or sarcopenia, which increase mortality. Sarcopenia is defined as a progressive decline in muscle mass and function. However, the precise mechanisms that link CKD and the development of sarcopenia are poorly understood. Knowledge about these linking mechanisms might lead to the introduction of precise treatment strategies that could prevent muscle wasting. This review discusses inflammatory mediators, metabolic and hormonal dysregulation, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and non-coding RNA alterations that could link CKD and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estera Bakinowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (J.O.-W.); (K.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Joanna Olejnik-Wojciechowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (J.O.-W.); (K.K.); (A.S.)
- Independent Laboratory of Community Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (J.O.-W.); (K.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Anastasiia Skoryk
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (J.O.-W.); (K.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (J.O.-W.); (K.K.); (A.S.)
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Jeremiah SS, Moin ASM, Butler AE. Virus-induced diabetes mellitus: revisiting infection etiology in light of SARS-CoV-2. Metabolism 2024; 156:155917. [PMID: 38642828 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is comprised of two predominant subtypes: type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), accounting for approximately 5 % of cases worldwide and resulting from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β-cells, and type 2 (T2DM), accounting for approximately 95 % of cases globally and characterized by the inability of pancreatic β-cells to meet the demand for insulin due to a relative β-cell deficit in the setting of peripheral insulin resistance. Both types of DM involve derangement of glucose metabolism and are metabolic diseases generally considered to be initiated by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Viruses have been reported to play a role as infectious etiological factors in the initiation of both types of DM in predisposed individuals. Among the reported viral infections causing DM in humans, the most studied include coxsackie B virus, cytomegalovirus and hepatitis C virus. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the diabetogenic potential of SARS-CoV-2, rekindling interest in the field of virus-induced diabetes (VID). This review discusses the reported mechanisms of viral-induced DM, addressing emerging concepts in VID, as well as highlighting areas where knowledge is lacking, and further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abu Saleh Md Moin
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Kingdom of Bahrain.
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Kingdom of Bahrain.
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Ali M, Hassan M, Ansari SA, Alkahtani HM, Al-Rasheed LS, Ansari SA. Quercetin and Kaempferol as Multi-Targeting Antidiabetic Agents against Mouse Model of Chemically Induced Type 2 Diabetes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:757. [PMID: 38931424 PMCID: PMC11206732 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, a multifactorial metabolic disorder, demands the discovery of multi-targeting drugs with minimal side effects. This study investigated the multi-targeting antidiabetic potential of quercetin and kaempferol. The druggability and binding affinities of both compounds towards multiple antidiabetic targets were explored using pharmacokinetic and docking software (AutoDock Vina 1.1.2). Our findings showed that quercetin and kaempferol obey Lipinski's rule of five and exhibit desirable ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism excretion, and toxicity) profiles. Both compounds showed higher binding affinities towards C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1 (IL-1), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-IV), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), and sodium-glucose co-transporter-1 (SGLT-1) compared to metformin (the positive control). Both quercetin and kaempferol inhibited α-amylase activity (in vitro) up to 20.30 ± 0.49 and 37.43 ± 0.42%, respectively. Their oral supplementation significantly reduced blood glucose levels (p < 0.001), improved lipid profile (p < 0.001), and enhanced total antioxidant status (p < 0.01) in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA)-induced diabetic mice. Additionally, both compounds significantly inhibited the proliferation of Huh-7 and HepG2 (cancer cells) (p < 0.0001) with no effect on the viability of Vero cell line (non-cancer). In conclusion, quercetin and kaempferol demonstrated higher binding affinities towards multiple targets than metformin. In vitro and in vivo antidiabetic potential along with the anticancer activities of both compounds suggest promise for further development in diabetes management. The combination of both drugs did not show a synergistic effect, possibly due to their same target on the receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Mudassir Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
- Department of Biotechnology, Akhuwat Faisalabad Institute of Research Science and Technology Faisalabad (A-FIRST), Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Siddique Akber Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (L.S.A.-R.)
| | - Hamad M. Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (L.S.A.-R.)
| | - Lamees S. Al-Rasheed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (L.S.A.-R.)
| | - Shoeb Anwar Ansari
- Department of Drug Science, Technology University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
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Aquilani R, Brugnatelli S, Maestri R, Iadarola P, Corallo S, Pagani A, Serra F, Bellini A, Buonocore D, Dossena M, Boschi F, Verri M. Chemotherapy-Induced Changes in Plasma Amino Acids and Lipid Oxidation of Resected Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Background for Future Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5300. [PMID: 38791339 PMCID: PMC11121634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have documented that FOLFOX and XELOX therapies negatively impact the metabolism of skeletal muscle and extra-muscle districts. This pilot study tested whether three-month FOLFOX or XELOX therapy produced changes in plasma amino acid levels (PAAL) (an estimation of whole-body amino acid metabolism) and in plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid hyper oxidation. Fourteen ambulatory, resected patients with colorectal cancer scheduled to receive FOLFOX (n = 9) or XELOX (n = 5) therapy, after overnight fasting, underwent peripheral venous blood sampling, to determine PAAL and MDA before, during, and at the end of three-month therapy. Fifteen healthy matched subjects (controls) only underwent measures of PAAL at baseline. The results showed changes in 87.5% of plasma essential amino acids (EAAs) and 38.4% of non-EAAs in patients treated with FOLFOX or XELOX. These changes in EAAs occurred in two opposite directions: EAAs decreased with FOLFOX and increased or did not decrease with XELOX (interactions: from p = 0.034 to p = 0.003). Baseline plasma MDA levels in both FOLFOX and XELOX patients were above the normal range of values, and increased, albeit not significantly, during therapy. In conclusion, three-month FOLFOX or XELOX therapy affected plasma EAAs differently but not the baseline MDA levels, which were already high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Aquilani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.A.); (P.I.); (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Silvia Brugnatelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Roberto Maestri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering of the Montescano Institute, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27040 Montescano, Italy;
| | - Paolo Iadarola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.A.); (P.I.); (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Salvatore Corallo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Anna Pagani
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Serra
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.B.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Anna Bellini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.A.); (P.I.); (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Daniela Buonocore
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.A.); (P.I.); (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Maurizia Dossena
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.A.); (P.I.); (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Federica Boschi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Manuela Verri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.A.); (P.I.); (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.D.)
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Attiq A, Afzal S, Ahmad W, Kandeel M. Hegemony of inflammation in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 966:176338. [PMID: 38242225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation drives coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis implications. Lipoprotein entry, retention, and oxidative modification cause endothelial damage, triggering innate and adaptive immune responses. Recruited immune cells orchestrate the early atherosclerotic lesions by releasing proinflammatory cytokines, expediting the foam cell formation, intraplaque haemorrhage, secretion of matrix-degrading enzymes, and lesion progression, eventually promoting coronary artery syndrome via various inflammatory cascades. In addition, soluble mediators disrupt the dynamic anti- and prothrombotic balance maintained by endothelial cells and pave the way for coronary artery disease such as angina pectoris. Recent studies have established a relationship between elevated levels of inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins (IL-6, IL-1β), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) with the severity of CAD and the possibility of future cardiovascular events. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a marker for assessing systemic inflammation and predicting the risk of developing CAD based on its peak plasma levels. Hence, understanding cross-talk interactions of inflammation, atherogenesis, and CAD is highly warranted to recalculate the risk factors that activate and propagate arterial lesions and devise therapeutic strategies accordingly. Cholesterol-inflammation lowering agents (statins), monoclonal antibodies targeting IL-1 and IL-6 (canakinumab and tocilizumab), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (methotrexate), sodium-glucose transport protein-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, colchicine and xanthene oxidase inhibitor (allopurinol) have shown promising results in reducing inflammation, regressing atherogenic plaque and modifying the course of CAD. Here, we review the complex interplay between inflammatory, endothelial, smooth muscle and foam cells. Moreover, the putative role of inflammation in atherosclerotic CAD, underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications are also discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Attiq
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Sheryar Afzal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, 31982, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, 31982, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Ding Z, Wei Y, Peng J, Wang S, Chen G, Sun J. The Potential Role of C-Reactive Protein in Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Aging. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2711. [PMID: 37893085 PMCID: PMC10603830 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently redefined as metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), is liver-metabolism-associated steatohepatitis caused by nonalcoholic factors. NAFLD/MASLD is currently the most prevalent liver disease in the world, affecting one-fourth of the global population, and its prevalence increases with age. Current treatments are limited; one important reason hindering drug development is the insufficient understanding of the onset and pathogenesis of NAFLD/MASLD. C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, has been linked to NAFLD and aging in recent studies. As a conserved acute-phase protein, CRP is widely characterized for its host defense functions, but the link between CRP and NAFLD/MASLD remains unclear. Herein, we discuss the currently available evidence for the involvement of CRP in MASLD to identify areas where further research is needed. We hope this review can provide new insights into the development of aging-associated NAFLD biomarkers and suggest that modulation of CRP signaling is a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuqiu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Peng
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guixi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiazeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100190, China
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Li K, Hu L, Li X, Yuan Z, He J, Liu D, Yang G, Yuan L. Effect of C-reactive protein deficiency on insulin resistance reversal in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome through augmented leptin action. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:180. [PMID: 37660067 PMCID: PMC10474659 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-reactive protein(CRP), is an inflammatory marker that weaken leptin bioavailability and insulin sensitivity to disturb energy and glucose metabolism. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibit a metabolic component consisting of higher plasma CRP levels, hyperinsulinemic and hyperleptinemia. The ability of leptin to regulation of hepatic glucose production (HGP) in the absence of CRP in PCOS remain unknown. METHODS Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was used to induce PCOS in rats. We assessed the effects of CRP gene knockout in PCOS model rats on body weight, energy expenditure glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. We conducted experiments involving the administration of leptin to both the peripheral and central systems in PCOS model rats with CRP knockout, and studied the effects on changes in glucose kinetics during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps. RESULTS In female PCOS rats, the lack of CRP resulted in decreased leptin resistance and weight gain, increased energy expenditure, and improved insulin sensitivity. Additionally, the deletion of the CRP gene strengthened the HGP-lowering effects of leptin when administered peripherally or centrally. This effect was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes and an increase in hepatic insulin signaling. Finally, inhibition of glucose production was also enhanced for central leptin administration during lipid infusion in PCOS rats. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting CRP to restore glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity for leptin in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Lingling Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xinrun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Zhibin Yuan
- Department of general surgery, People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang No.1, Xiangyang, 441100, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Bellavite P, Fazio S, Affuso F. A Descriptive Review of the Action Mechanisms of Berberine, Quercetin and Silymarin on Insulin Resistance/Hyperinsulinemia and Cardiovascular Prevention. Molecules 2023; 28:4491. [PMID: 37298967 PMCID: PMC10254920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) and the associated hyperinsulinemia are early pathophysiological changes which, if not well treated, can lead to type 2 diabetes, endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. While diabetes care is fairly well standardized, the prevention and treatment of IR lacks a single pharmaceutical approach and many lifestyle and dietary interventions have been proposed, including a wide range of food supplements. Among the most interesting and well-known natural remedies, alkaloid berberine and the flavonol quercetin have particular relevance in the literature, while silymarin-the active principle of the Silybum marianum thistle-was traditionally used for lipid metabolism disorders and to sustain liver function. This review describes the major defects of insulin signaling leading to IR and the main properties of the three mentioned natural substances, their molecular targets and synergistic action mechanisms. The actions of berberine, quercetin and silymarin are partially superimposable as remedies against reactive oxygen intermediates generated by a high-lipid diet and by NADPH oxidase, which is triggered by phagocyte activation. Furthermore, these compounds inhibit the secretion of a battery of pro-inflammatory cytokines, modulate intestinal microbiota and are especially able to control the various disorders of the insulin receptor and post-receptor signaling systems. Although most of the evidence on the effects of berberine, quercetin and silymarin in modulating insulin resistance and preventing cardiovascular disease derive from experimental studies on animals, the amount of pre-clinical knowledge strongly suggests the need to investigate the therapeutic potential of these substances in human pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bellavite
- Pathophysiology Chair, Homeopathic Medical School of Verona, 37121 Verona, Italy
| | - Serafino Fazio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
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Hojeij B, Rousian M, Sinclair KD, Dinnyes A, Steegers-Theunissen RPM, Schoenmakers S. Periconceptional biomarkers for maternal obesity: a systematic review. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:139-175. [PMID: 36520252 PMCID: PMC10023635 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Periconceptional maternal obesity is linked to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Identifying periconceptional biomarkers of pathways affected by maternal obesity can unravel pathophysiologic mechanisms and identify individuals at risk of adverse clinical outcomes. The literature was systematically reviewed to identify periconceptional biomarkers of the endocrine, inflammatory and one-carbon metabolic pathways influenced by maternal obesity. A search was conducted in Embase, Ovid Medline All, Web of Science Core Collection and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases, complemented by manual search in PubMed until December 31st, 2020. Eligible studies were those that measured biomarker(s) in relation to maternal obesity, overweight/obesity or body mass index (BMI) during the periconceptional period (14 weeks preconception until 14 weeks post conception). The ErasmusAGE score was used to assess the quality of included studies. Fifty-one articles were included that evaluated over 40 biomarkers. Endocrine biomarkers associated with maternal obesity included leptin, insulin, thyroid stimulating hormone, adiponectin, progesterone, free T4 and human chorionic gonadotropin. C-reactive protein was associated with obesity as part of the inflammatory pathway, while the associated one-carbon metabolism biomarkers were folate and vitamin B12. BMI was positively associated with leptin, C-reactive protein and insulin resistance, and negatively associated with Free T4, progesterone and human chorionic gonadotropin. Concerning the remaining studied biomarkers, strong conclusions could not be established due to limited or contradictory data. Future research should focus on determining the predictive value of the optimal set of biomarkers for their use in clinical settings. The most promising biomarkers include leptin, adiponectin, human chorionic gonadotropin, insulin, progesterone and CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Hojeij
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
| | - Melek Rousian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin D Sinclair
- School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonnington Campus, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, LE12 6HD, UK
| | - Andras Dinnyes
- BioTalentum Ltd., Godollo, 2100, Hungary
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
- Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Godollo, 2100, Hungary
| | | | - Sam Schoenmakers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands.
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Kargarfard M, Nobari H, Kamyar K, Zadeh AK, Oliveira R. Effects of 12-week moderate aerobic exercise on ROCK2 activity, hs-CRP and glycemic index in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Physiol Behav 2022; 257:113976. [PMID: 36183850 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammatory state that is related to prediabetes, increased Rhoassociated kinase 2 (ROCK2) activity and concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Therefore, the study was conducted to investigate the effects of 12-week moderate aerobic exercise on ROCK2 activity, hs-CRP, glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), and glycemic index in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance. METHODS In a quasi-experimental design with pre and post-test, 42 obese men with prediabetes [mean±SD, age: 44.73 ± 3.30 years, body mass index (BMI): 33.22 ± 2.05 kg/m2, HbA1c: 6.29 % ± 0.75] were allocated into two randomized homogeneous groups: Aerobic training group (AT, n=22) or control group (C, n=20). Exercise group performed a moderate aerobic exercise program three sessions per week, 60 minutes per session for 12 weeks. Body mass, BMI, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B); HbA1c, hs-CRP, or ROCK2 activity were measured before and after the study period. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA 2×2 and paired sample t test at a significant level of p < 0.05. RESULTS AT caused a significant reduction in body mass (p≤ 0.001), BMI (p= 0.04), HOMA-B (p=0.003), serum levels of FBG (p= 0.002), HbA1c (p= 0.039), hs-CRP (p≤ 0.0001), and ROCK2 activity (p= 0.001). In contrast, in the same group, a significant increase was observed in VO2max (p= 0.04). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that moderate aerobic exercise was an effective and safe method to prevent type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in obese men with prediabetes by improving glucose metabolism, reduction of body mass, ROCK2 activity and serum levels of hs-CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Kargarfard
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran; Department of motor performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania, University of Braşov, 500068 Braşov, Romania; Department of Physiology, School of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Kian Kamyar
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ali Khosravi Zadeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran.
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal.
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11
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Speelman T, Dale L, Louw A, Verhoog NJD. The Association of Acute Phase Proteins in Stress and Inflammation-Induced T2D. Cells 2022; 11:2163. [PMID: 35883605 PMCID: PMC9321356 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute phase proteins (APPs), such as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), serum amyloid A (SAA), and C-reactive protein (CRP), are elevated in type-2 diabetes (T2D) and are routinely used as biomarkers for this disease. These APPs are regulated by the peripheral mediators of stress (i.e., endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs)) and inflammation (i.e., pro-inflammatory cytokines), with both implicated in the development of insulin resistance, the main risk factor for the development of T2D. In this review we propose that APPs, PAI-1, SAA, and CRP, could be the causative rather than only a correlative link between the physiological elements of risk (stress and inflammation) and the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicolette J. D. Verhoog
- Biochemistry Department, Stellenbosch University, Van der Byl Street, Stellenbosch 7200, South Africa; (T.S.); (L.D.); (A.L.)
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12
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Xue Q, Yang X, Huang Y, Zhu D, Wang Y, Wen Y, Zhao J, Liu Y, Yang CX, Pan J, Yan T, Pan XF. Association between baseline and changes in high-sensitive C-reactive protein and metabolic syndrome: a nationwide cohort study and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:2. [PMID: 34991636 PMCID: PMC8734319 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to prospectively evaluate the associations between the baseline and changes in high-density C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) in China and update the evidence based on a meta-analysis of cohort studies in different populations. METHODS Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study among adults aged 45 years or older were analyzed. Participants who were recruited in the study in 2011-2012 without MetS and successfully followed up to 2015-2016 were included in our final analysis. Logistic regressions were applied to examine the prospective associations of baseline and changes in hs-CRP with incident MetS and estimate corresponding odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). A meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize effect estimates from our findings and other cohort studies on this topic. RESULTS Among 4,116 participants, 535 developed MetS after a 4-year follow-up. Compared with the participants with hs-CRP in the lowest quartile, those with hs-CRP in the second, third, and highest quartiles had higher odds of MetS, with multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of 1.51 (1.12, 2.06), 1.50 (1.11, 2.04), and 1.83 (1.37, 2.47). For the hs-CRP changes, ORs (95% CIs) were 3.24 (2.51, 4.02), 3.34 (2.56, 4.38), and 3.34 (2.54, 4.40) respectively. One unit (log of 1 mg/L) increase in hs-CRP was associated with 23% higher risk of MetS (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.10, 1.38). In a meta-analysis of 6 cohort studies, the pooled relative risk for MetS was 1.63 (1.38, 1.93) for the highest versus lowest level of hs-CRP. In addition, the pooled relative risk for MetS was 1.29 (1.05, 1.59) for each unit increase of hs-CRP after log-transformation. CONCLUSIONS Both higher baseline hs-CRP and longitudinal hs-CRP increases were associated with higher risks of incident MetS. Individuals with high hs-CRP levels may need to be closely monitored for future risk of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- HEOA Group, Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuli Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dongshan Zhu
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Department of Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- The Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu and The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu and The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chun-Xia Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jay Pan
- HEOA Group, Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tong Yan
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu and The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiong-Fei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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13
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Phosphoproteomics of Mycobacterium-host interaction and inspirations for novel measures against tuberculosis. Cell Signal 2022; 91:110238. [PMID: 34986388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a tremendous global public health concern. Deciphering the biology of the pathogen and its interaction with host can inspire new measures against tuberculosis. Phosphorylation plays versatile and important role in the pathogen and host physiology, such as virulence, signaling and immune response. Proteome-wide phosphorylation of Mtb and its infected host cells, namely phosphoproteome, can inform the post-translational modification of the interaction network between the pathogen and the host, key targets for novel antibiotics. We summarized the phosphoproteome of Mtb, as well as the host, focusing on potential application for new measures against tuberculosis.
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Khayal EES, Ibrahim HM, Shalaby AM, Alabiad MA, El-Sheikh AA. Combined lead and zinc oxide-nanoparticles induced thyroid toxicity through 8-OHdG oxidative stress-mediated inflammation, apoptosis, and Nrf2 activation in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:2589-2604. [PMID: 34553816 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A human is exposed to a chemical mixture rather than a single chemical, particularly with the wide spread of nanomaterials. Therefore, the present study evaluated the combined exposure of lead acetate (Pb) and zinc oxide-nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) compared to each metal alone on the thyroid gland of adult rats. A total of 30 adult male albino rats were divided into four groups, group I (control), group II received Pb (10 mg/kg), group III received ZnO-NPs (85 mg/kg) and group IV co-administrated the two metals in the same previous doses. The materials were gavaged for 8 weeks. The toxicity was assessed through several biochemical parameters. Our results revealed significant body weight reduction relative to increased thyroid weights, decreased both of serum-free triiodothyronine (FT3), tetra-iodothyronine (FT4), increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), increased serum and thyroid levels of Pb and zinc, significant elevation in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), reduction in interleukin 4 (IL4), upregulation of Bax, and downregulation of Bcl-2 genes. Additionally, there was significant overexpression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OHdG), the elevation of tissues malondialdehyde (MDA), reduction of tissues total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and disruptive thyroid structural alterations in all metals groups with marked changes in the combined metals group. In conclusion, the combined exposure of Pb and ZnO-NPs induced pronounced toxic thyroid injury, pointing to additive effects in rats than the individual metal effects through different significant changes of disruptive thyroid structural alterations related to the loading of thyroid tissues with Pb and zinc metals producing oxidative stress that mediated inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman El-Sayed Khayal
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M Ibrahim
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amany Mohamed Shalaby
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ali Alabiad
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Arwa A El-Sheikh
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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15
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Aquilani R, Zuccarelli GC, Maestri R, Boselli M, Dossena M, Baldissarro E, Boschi F, Buonocore D, Verri M. Essential amino acid supplementation is associated with reduced serum C-reactive protein levels and improved circulating lymphocytes in post-acute inflamed elderly patients. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211036823. [PMID: 34387512 PMCID: PMC8366127 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211036823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persistent systemic inflammation leads to multidistrectual body dysfunctions. Attenuation of inflammation may improve patients’ functional and life prognoses. We hypothesized that essential amino acids (EAAs) given to elderly patients in rehabilitation after acute diseases may be associated with a reduced inflammatory state. Therefore, this retrospective study investigated whether the supplementation of EAAs – modulators of immune competence – was associated with a reduced inflammation rate in elderly patients. Methods The medical records of 282 patients admitted to the rehabilitation (rehab) institute after acute index events (surgery or medical diseases) (age: 81.18 ± 8.58 years; females: 67.9%) were analyzed. Results 46 patients (16.3% of the entire population) had received EAA supplements (S), whereas the remaining 236 patients had not (N-S). Systemic inflammation (I) (serum C-reactive protein (CRP) > 0.5 mg/dL) was present in 67.4% of the I-S group and 57.2% of the I-N-S group. During rehab, the I-S group (but not the I-N-S group) showed a reduction in CRP levels (p = 0.03) and an increase in circulating lymphocytes (p = 0.035), immune cells of the adaptive immune system. C-reactive protein levels remained virtually unchanged in non-inflamed patients who received supplements but increased in non-inflamed patients who did not receive supplements (p = 0.05). Stratified for developed infections, CRP levels reduced in S patients (p = 0.008) but did not in N-S patients. Conclusion EAA supplementation was associated with reduced inflammation in both inflamed and infected patients. In addition, EAA supplementation was associated with increased circulating lymphocytes in inflamed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Aquilani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ginetto C Zuccarelli
- Geriatric Institute P. Redaelli - Reparti di Riabilitazione Geriatrica e di Mantenimento, Vimodrone (Milano), Italy
| | - Roberto Maestri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering of the Montescano Institute, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Montescano (PV), Italy
| | - Mirella Boselli
- Neurorehabilitation Unit of the Montescano Institute, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Montescano (PV), Italy
| | - Maurizia Dossena
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Baldissarro
- Complex Structure of Recovery and Functional Re-education - ASL 3, Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Boschi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Buonocore
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Verri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Associations between Pre-Bariatric High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Post-Surgery Outcomes. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040721. [PMID: 33919641 PMCID: PMC8073671 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with increased circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). Bariatric surgery has been reported to be effective in improving both inflammatory and liver status. Our aims were to elucidate the relationships between pre-surgery high sensitivity-CRP (hs-CRP) values and post-surgery weight loss and liver steatosis and fibrosis in patients with severe obesity undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Methods: We conducted an observational prospective study on 90 individuals with morbid obesity, who underwent gastric bypass. Anthropometric indices, laboratory assessment (lipid panel, glycemic status, liver enzymes, and hs-CRP), liver stiffness and steatosis were evaluated at baseline and 6-months after surgery. Results: There was a significant post-surgery reduction in all the anthropometric variables, with an average weight loss of 33.93 ± 11.79 kg; the mean percentage of total weight loss (TWL) was 27.96 ± 6.43%. Liver elasticity was significantly reduced (from 6.1 ± 1.25 to 5.42 ± 1.52 kPa; p = 0.002), as well as liver aminotransferases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS) and the grade of steatosis. Serum hs-CRP levels significantly reduced (from 9.26 ± 8.45 to 3.29 ± 4.41 mg/L; p < 0.001). The correlations between hs-CRP levels and liver fibrosis (elastography), steatosis (ultrasonography), fibrosis-4 index, NFS, and surgery success rate were not significant. Regression analyses showed that serum hs-CRP levels were not predictive of liver status and success rate after surgery in both unadjusted and adjusted models. Conclusions: In patients with morbid obesity, bariatric surgery caused a significant decrease in hs-CRP levels, liver stiffness and steatosis. Baseline hs-CRP values did not predict the weight-loss success rate and post-surgery liver status.
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17
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Inflammation, pressure ulcers and poor functional status predict negative rehabilitation outcomes in postacute geriatric patients. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:463-467. [PMID: 32279243 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this retrospective study were to document the prevalence of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of inflammation, and its potential predictive value for Rehabilitation outcomes in post-acute elderly inpatients. The medical records of 304 elderly subjects admitted to our Rehabilitation Institute for any disease following an acute event were examined. High levels of CRP (> 0.5 mg/dl) were present in 100% of the subjects, and the value > 1.5 mg/dl (n = 86) predicted unfavourable outcomes (n = 28; 32.5% of the patients: death or transfer to other institutions). Among the patients with favourable outcomes (discharge home n = 255), 62.7% still exhibited severe disabilities. Pressure ulcers and low functional status also predicted unfavourable outcomes. The study highlights the need for future investigations into the possible reduction of CRP levels, after an intensive nutritional approach and combined physical interventions.
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18
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Bitsi S. The chemokine CXCL16 can rescue the defects in insulin signaling and sensitivity caused by palmitate in C2C12 myotubes. Cytokine 2020; 133:155154. [PMID: 32535333 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In obesity, macrophages infiltrate peripheral tissues and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines that impact local insulin sensitivity. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the saturated fatty acid (FA) palmitate polarise macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype in vitro and indirectly cause insulin resistance (IR) in myotubes. In contrast, unsaturated FAs confer an anti-inflammatory phenotype and counteract the actions of palmitate. To explore paracrine mechanisms of interest, J774 macrophages were exposed to palmitate ± palmitoleate or control medium and the conditioned media generated were screened using a cytokine array. Of the 62 cytokines examined, 8 were significantly differentially expressed following FA treatments. Notably, CXCL16 secretion was downregulated by palmitate. In follow-up experiments using ELISAs, this downregulation was confirmed and reversed by simultaneous addition of palmitoleate or oleate, while LPS also diminished CXCL16 secretion. To dissect potential effects of CXCL16, C2C12 myotubes were treated with palmitate to induce IR, recombinant soluble CXCL16 (sCXCL16), combined treatment, or control medium. Palmitate caused the expected reduction of insulin-stimulated Akt activation and glycogen synthesis, whereas simultaneous treatment with sCXCL16 attenuated these effects. These data indicate a putative role for CXCL16 in preservation of Akt activation and insulin signaling in the context of chronic low-grade inflammation in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Bitsi
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Department, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom.
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19
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Yu L, Yan J, Zhang Q, Lin H, Zhu L, Liu Q, Zhao C. Association between Serum Ferritin and Blood Lipids: Influence of Diabetes and hs-CRP Levels. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:4138696. [PMID: 32280714 PMCID: PMC7128071 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4138696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between serum ferritin and blood lipids and the influence of diabetes and different hs-CRP levels. A total of 8163 subjects were analyzed. Participators were classified according to serum ferritin, diabetes, and two hs-CRP levels. Blood lipids were determined using standardized methods and conditions. Except for HDL-C, there was a significant increase in blood lipids in the progressive ferritin group with normal hs-CRP levels (P < 0.05). But HDL-C was just the opposite (P < 0.0001). In nondiabetic patients, TG, TC, and LDL-C were significantly elevated in the progressive ferritin group (P < 0.05). And, HDL-C was just the opposite (P < 0.05). The generalized linear model and the parsimonious model showed that serum TG was positively correlated with ferritin, and LDL-C was negatively correlated with ferritin (P < 0.05). But the correlation between LDL-C and ferritin was broken (P > 0.05). After a sufficient adjustment, there was a positive correlation between serum TG and ferritin and a negative correlation between LDL-C and ferritin. Nonetheless, a negative correlation between LDL-C and ferritin is influenced by diabetes frailly. And, there was no change of relationship between lipids and ferritin in different hs-CRP levels. We found a real relationship between ferritin and lipids after sufficient adjustment for confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlong Yu
- Institution of Food and Nutrition, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingyi Yan
- Institution of Food and Nutrition, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Law Enforcement and Supervision Bureau of Shandong Provincial Health Commission, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Lichao Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiangqiang Liu
- Department of General Practice, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- Department of Nutriology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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Shin SH, Lee YJ, Lee YA, Kim JH, Lee SY, Shin CH. High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Is Associated with Prediabetes and Adiposity in Korean Youth. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2019; 18:47-55. [PMID: 31770074 DOI: 10.1089/met.2019.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity, a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels are associated with cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome in adults. This study aimed to determine the association of hs-CRP and cardiometabolic risk factors, including obesity, prediabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, in the nationally representative data of Korean youth. Methods: Anthropometric, biochemical, physical activity (PA), and nutritional survey data were collected for 1,723 youths (918 boys, 53.5%), aged 10-18 years, from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015-2017). Participants were classified into three groups according to hs-CRP tertile. Abdominal obesity, impaired fasting glucose, elevated triglyceride, decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and elevated blood pressure, and prediabetes [glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 5.7%-6.4%] were compared according to sex and hs-CRP tertile. Results: The ranges of each hs-CRP tertile were ≤0.3, 0.31-0.5, and >0.5 mg/L, respectively. hs-CRP was positively associated with body mass index (BMI) z-score (P < 0.001) and HbA1c (P = 0.012), and negatively with HDL cholesterol (P = 0.029), after adjusting confounding variables, including age, sex, BMI, white blood cell count, PA, and nutritional factors. The upper tertile of hs-CRP was associated with obesity [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 12.07, P < 0.001] and prediabetes (aOR 3.08, P = 0.002). Conclusions: Elevated hs-CRP is associated with high BMI z-score and HbA1c, and low HDL cholesterol in Korean children and adolescents. Hence, hs-CRP could be a reliable indicator for adiposity, prediabetes, and abnormal lipid metabolism in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hyun Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seong Yong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Gupta AP, Syed AA, Garg R, Goand UK, Singh P, Riyazuddin M, Valicherla GR, Husain A, Gayen JR. Pancreastatin inhibitor PSTi8 attenuates hyperinsulinemia induced obesity and inflammation mediated insulin resistance via MAPK/NOX3-JNK pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 864:172723. [PMID: 31586632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pancreastatin (PST), a chromogranin A derived peptide has anti-insulin effects and plays a significant role in obesity-induced insulin resistance. In obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, both insulin and PST level are elevated, but it is not clearly understood how anti-insulin effect of PST get regulated in hyperinsulinemic state. Simultaneously we have explored pancreastatin inhibitor PSTi8 against the native PST in the same hyperinsulinemic state. In in-vitro studies, we found that PST treatment increases lipid droplets and reactive oxygen species production in 3T3L1 adipocyte cells and theses effects of PST was found synergistic with chronic-insulin treatment. Treatment of PSTi8 in 3T3L1 adipocytes attenuates PST effect on lipid droplet formation and reactive oxygen species production. We further validated these findings in epididymal white adipose tissue of C57BL/6 mice, implanted with mini-osmotic insulin pump with and without PSTi8 for 4 weeks. We found that chronic hyperinsulinemia enhanced PST levels in circulation which in turn induces expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. In addition, it also stimulated the expression of lipogenic genes, fat mass and body weight gain through the regulation of circulating adiponectin level. The change in PST mediated inflammatory and lipogenic parameters were attenuated by PSTi8 treatment, leading to enhanced insulin sensitivity and improved glucose homeostasis. PSTi8 rescue from PST mediated insulin resistance in adipose via inhibition of MAPK and NOX3-JNK stress signalling pathway which stimulates GLUT4 expression through activation of AKT-AS160 pathway. Thus PSTi8 may be a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of hyperinsulinemia induced obesity and inflammation mediated insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand P Gupta
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Anees A Syed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Richa Garg
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Umesh K Goand
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Pragati Singh
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Mohammed Riyazuddin
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Guru R Valicherla
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Athar Husain
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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Reddy P, Lent-Schochet D, Ramakrishnan N, McLaughlin M, Jialal I. Metabolic syndrome is an inflammatory disorder: A conspiracy between adipose tissue and phagocytes. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 496:35-44. [PMID: 31229566 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) describes a cluster of cardio-metabolic factors that predispose to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). While 35% of Americans suffer from this disorder, the specific pathways related to this disease are largely underexplored. The prevailing consensus is that inflammatory pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease, and therefore new research has uncovered how inflammation plays a critical role in the development and progression of MetS. The purpose of this review is to understand the role of major inflammatory mechanisms and their role in MetS. Our review identifies that adipose tissue (AT) contributes to the inflammatory pathways through the release of pro-inflammatory adipokines such as leptin and chemerin and dysregulation of anti-inflammatory adiponectin. Chemokines and cytokines deriving from monocytes are also altered and promote inflammation and insulin resistance. Circulating inflammatory biomarkers including C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, Serum amyloid A (SAA), cytokines, and chemokines have also been linked to the pathogenesis of MetS. Researchers have identified the significance of CRP levels in predicting future sequelae of MetS such as ASCVD. Mast cells in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) promote both inflammation and fibrosis. Thus, both AT and phagocyte activity define MetS as an inflammatory disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Reddy
- California Northstate University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | | | - Neeraj Ramakrishnan
- California Northstate University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Matthew McLaughlin
- California Northstate University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Ishwarlal Jialal
- California Northstate University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA; VA Medical Center, Mather, CA 95757, USA.
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23
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Suhett LG, Hermsdorff HHM, Rocha NP, Silva MA, Filgueiras MDS, Milagres LC, Peluzio MDCG, de Novaes JF. Increased C-Reactive Protein in Brazilian Children: Association with Cardiometabolic Risk and Metabolic Syndrome Components (PASE Study). Cardiol Res Pract 2019; 2019:3904568. [PMID: 31143476 PMCID: PMC6501180 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3904568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of subclinical inflammation that has been found to be associated with cardiovascular disease risk. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between CRP and cardiometabolic markers in a representative sample of prepubescent children. The objective was to evaluate the high-sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) and its association with traditional and nontraditional cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as metabolic syndrome (MetS) components in Brazilian children. This is a cross-sectional representative study, with participants of the Schoolchildren Health Assessment Survey (PASE). Children from 8 to 9 years old (n=350) enrolled in public and private schools in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were evaluated. Sociodemographic evaluation was performed through a semistructured questionnaire. Anthropometric, body composition, clinical, and biochemical measures were analyzed for cardiometabolic risk assessment. The total mean of serum hs-CRP concentration was 0.62 (±1.44) mg/L. hs-CRP was significantly correlated with several anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical parameters in this population (P < 0.05). hs-CRP was positively associated with the accumulation of cardiometabolic risk factors and MetS components (P < 0.05). Children with excessive weight; abdominal obesity; increased gynoid and android body fat; low HDL-c; hyperglycemia; and elevated uric acid, homocysteine, and apoB had higher chances of presenting increased hs-CRP (P < 0.05). In this study, Brazilian children with cardiometabolic risk already presented elevated serum hs-CRP concentration. hs-CRP was associated with the increase of traditional and nontraditional cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as the accumulation of MetS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Gomes Suhett
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Naruna Pereira Rocha
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariane Alves Silva
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana De Santis Filgueiras
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luana Cupertino Milagres
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Gouveia Peluzio
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Farias de Novaes
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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24
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Santos-Marcos JA, Perez-Jimenez F, Camargo A. The role of diet and intestinal microbiota in the development of metabolic syndrome. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 70:1-27. [PMID: 31082615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is in itself a major cardiovascular disease risk factor. The aim of this review is to summarize the data related to the influence of the gut microbiota on the development of obesity and the MetS, highlighting the role of diet in controlling the MetS by modifying the gut microbiota. The main alterations in the gut microbiota of individuals with MetS consist of an increased Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio and a reduced capacity to degrade carbohydrates to short-chain fatty acids, which in turn is related with the metabolic dysfunction of the host organism rather than with obesity itself. In addition to a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet, with its high fiber intake, a diet with 30% fat content but with a high content in fruit and vegetables, such as the Mediterranean diet, is beneficial and partially restores the dysbiosis found in individuals with MetS. Overall, the shaping of the gut microbiota through the administration of prebiotics or probiotics increases the short-chain fatty acid production and is therefore a valid alternative in MetS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Santos-Marcos
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, GC9 Nutrigenomic-Metabolic Syndrome, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Jimenez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, GC9 Nutrigenomic-Metabolic Syndrome, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Camargo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, GC9 Nutrigenomic-Metabolic Syndrome, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain.
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25
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Jiang H, Yamashita Y, Nakamura A, Croft K, Ashida H. Quercetin and its metabolite isorhamnetin promote glucose uptake through different signalling pathways in myotubes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2690. [PMID: 30804434 PMCID: PMC6389993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin and its metabolite isorhamnetin elicit various beneficial effects on human health. However, their bioavailability is low. In this study, we investigated whether low concentrations in the physiological range could promote glucose uptake in L6 myotubes, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that 0.1 nM and 1 nM quercetin or 1 nM isorhamnetin significantly increased glucose uptake via translocation of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane of L6 myotubes. Quercetin principally activated the CaMKKβ/AMPK signalling pathway at these concentrations, but also activated IRS1/PI3K/Akt signalling at 10 nM. In contrast, 1 nM and 10 nM isorhamnetin principally activated the JAK/STAT pathway. Treatment with siAMPKα and siJAK2 abolished quercetin- and isorhamnetin-induced GLUT4 translocation, respectively. However, treatment with siJAK3 did not affect isorhamnetin-induced GLUT4 translocation, indicating that isorhamnetin induced GLUT4 translocation mainly through JAK2, but not JAK3, signalling. Thus, quercetin preferably activated the AMPK pathway and, accordingly, stimulated IRS1/PI3K/Akt signalling, while isorhamnetin activated the JAK2/STAT pathway. Furthermore, after oral administration of quercetin glycoside at 10 and 100 mg/kg body weight significantly induced GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane of skeletal muscles in mice. In the same animals, plasma concentrations of quercetin aglycone form were 4.95 and 6.80 nM, respectively. In conclusion, at low-concentration ranges, quercetin and isorhamnetin promote glucose uptake by increasing GLUT4 translocation via different signalling pathways in skeletal muscle cells; thus, these compounds may possess beneficial functions for maintaining glucose homeostasis by preventing hyperglycaemia at physiological concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamashita
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Asuka Nakamura
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kevin Croft
- School of Biomedical Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Hitoshi Ashida
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
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26
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Neves RVP, Rosa TS, Souza MK, Oliveira AJC, Gomes GNS, Brixi B, Souza LHR, Deus LA, Simões HG, Stone WJ, Prestes J, Moraes MR. Dynamic, Not Isometric Resistance Training Improves Muscle Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Hypertrophy in Rats. Front Physiol 2019; 10:4. [PMID: 30723416 PMCID: PMC6349781 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of dynamic (DRT) and isometric (IRT) resistance training on blood glucose, muscle redox capacity, inflammatory state, and muscle strength and hypertrophy. Fifteen 12-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups: control group (CTL), DRT, and IRT, n = 5 animals per group. The animals were submitted to a maximal weight carried (MWC; every 15 days) and maximum isometric resistance (MIR; pre- and post-training) tests. Both training protocols were performed five times a week during 12 weeks, consisting of one set of eight uninterrupted climbs for 1 min with a 30% overload of MWC. The animals in the IRT group remained under isometry for 1 min. The DRT group experienced greater MWC from pre- to post-training compared to the CTL and IRT groups (p < 0.0001). The DRT and IRT groups displayed similar gains in MIR (p = 0.3658). The DRT group exhibited improved glycemic homeostasis (p = 0.0111), redox (p < 0.0001), and inflammatory (p < 0.0001) balance as compared with CTL and IRT groups. In addition, the improved glycemic profile was associated with an increase in muscle strength and hypertrophy, improvement in redox balance and inflammation status. We conclude that DRT was more effective than IRT on increasing cross-sectional area, but not muscle strength, in parallel to improved blood glucose, inflammatory status, and redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Santos Rosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Exercise Physiology, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michel Kendy Souza
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bernardo Brixi
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Luiz Humberto Rodrigues Souza
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Physical Education, State of Bahia University (UNEB) - DEDC/XII Campus, Guanambi, Brazil
| | - Lysleine Alves Deus
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Whitley Jo Stone
- School of Nutrition, Kinesiology, and Psychological Sciences, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO, United States
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Milton Rocha Moraes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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27
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Fadda LM, Mohamed AM, Ali HM, Hagar H, Aldossari M. Prophylactic administration of carnosine and melatonin abates the incidence of renal toxicity induced by an over dose of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22040. [PMID: 29469982 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The alleviative effects of two antioxidants, carnosine (Car) and melatonin (Mel), against titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 -NPs) toxicity-induced oxidative and inflammatory renal damage were examined in rats. Administration of these antioxidants along with TiO2 -NPs effectively reduced serum urea, uric acid, creatinine, glucose, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, immunoglobulin G, vascular endothelial growth factor, and nitric oxide, as well as a significant amelioration of the decrease in glutathione levels in renal tissue was observed, compared to those in rats treated with TiO2 -NPs alone. The renoprotective properties of the antioxidants were confirmed by reduced intensity of renal damage as demonstrated by histological findings. In conclusion, Car and Mel play protective roles against TiO2 -NPs-induced renal inflammation and oxidative injury, likely due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Mohamed Fadda
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science-Al Faisaliah, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Mahmoud Ali
- Genetic and Cytology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt.,Common First Year Deanship, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Hagar
- Pharmacology Unit (31), Medical College and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Aldossari
- Master degree student at Pharmacology Department; Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
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28
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Mazidi M, Toth PP, Banach M. C-reactive Protein Is Associated With Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome, Hypertension, and Diabetes Mellitus in US Adults. Angiology 2017; 69:438-442. [PMID: 28914081 DOI: 10.1177/0003319717729288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has increased globally and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases that may be related to its association with inflammation. We have assessed whether the prevalence of the MetS correlates with a serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration in a population-based sample of US men and women. Participants were selected from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2010. Of the 17 689 participants analyzed, 8607 (48.3%) were men. The mean age was 45.8 years in the overall sample (between men and women P = .047). The prevalence of MetS, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension increased across quartiles for hsCRP (all P < .001). Moreover, we found that for the age-, race-, sex-, and smoking-adjusted logistic regression, with increasing hsCRP, the risk of having MetS increased with an odds ratio of 5.20 (95% confidence interval, 4.54-5.93, P < .001) when comparing the highest quartile of serum hsCRP with the lowest. This study provides further evidence for an association between MetS and subclinical inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- 1 Key State Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,2 Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, International College, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Peter P Toth
- 3 Department of Preventive Cardiology, CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA.,4 Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maciej Banach
- 5 Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.,6 Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
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29
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Naja F, Shivappa N, Nasreddine L, Kharroubi S, Itani L, Hwalla N, Mehio Sibai A, Hebert JR. Role of inflammation in the association between the western dietary pattern and metabolic syndrome among Lebanese adults. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 68:997-1004. [PMID: 28420273 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1312297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether inflammation mediates the previously observed direct association between the western dietary pattern (WDP) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Lebanese adults. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, dietary pattern scores, anthropometric and biochemical data of 331 adults were used in this study. Inflammation indicators considered were: serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and the dietary inflammatory index (DII). The scores of the WDP were significantly associated with DII (r = .64) but not with serum CRP. Higher CRP levels increased the odds of MetS and four out of five of its components, while no association was found between the DII and MetS. CONCLUSION The findings of this study confirmed the association of serum CRP with MetS but did not support mediation effect of inflammation on the association between the WDP and MetS. These findings are important to direct future investigations on diet, inflammation and association with diseases risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Naja
- a Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- b Cancer Prevention and Control Program , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,c Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,d Connecting Health Innovations LLC (CHI) , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Lara Nasreddine
- a Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Samer Kharroubi
- a Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Leila Itani
- e Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences , Beirut Arab University , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Nahla Hwalla
- a Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Abla Mehio Sibai
- f Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - James R Hebert
- b Cancer Prevention and Control Program , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,c Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,d Connecting Health Innovations LLC (CHI) , Columbia , SC , USA
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30
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Banerjee J, Bruckbauer A, Zemel MB. Activation of the AMPK/Sirt1 pathway by a leucine-metformin combination increases insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, and stimulates glucose and lipid metabolism and increases life span in Caenorhabditis elegans. Metabolism 2016; 65:1679-1691. [PMID: 27456392 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown leucine (Leu) to activate Sirt1 by lowering its KM for NAD+, thereby amplifying the effects of other sirtuin activators and improving insulin sensitivity. Metformin (Met) converges on this pathway both indirectly (via AMPK) and by direct activation of Sirt1, and we recently found Leu to synergize with Met to improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic control while achieving ~80% dose-reduction in diet-induced obese mice. Accordingly, we sought here to define the mechanism of this interaction. METHODS Muscle cells C2C12 and liver cells HepG2 were used to test the effect of Met-Leu on Sirt1 activation. Caenorhabditis elegans was used for glucose utilization and life span studies. RESULTS Leu (0.5mmol/L)+Met (50-100μmol/L) synergistically activated Sirt1 (p<0.001) at low (≤100μmol/L) NAD+ levels while Met exerted no independent effect. This was associated with an increase in AMPK and ACC, phosphorylation, and increased fatty acid oxidation, which was prevented by AMPK or Sirt inhibition or silencing. Met-Leu also increased P-IRS1/IRS1 and P-AKT/AKT and in insulin-independent glucose disposal in myotubes (~50%, p<0.002) evident within 30 min as well as a 60% reduction in insulin EC50. In addition, in HepG2 liver cells nuclear CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2) protein expression and phosphorylation of glycogen synthase was decreased, while glycogen synthase kinase phosphorylation was increased indicating decreased gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis. We utilized C. elegans to assess the metabolic consequences of this interaction. Exposure to high glucose impaired glucose utilization and shortened life span by ~25%, while addition of Leu+Met to high glucose worms increased median and maximal life span by 29 and 15%, respectively (p=0.023), restored normal glucose utilization and increased fat oxidation ~two-fold (p<0.005), while metformin exerted no independent effect at any concentration (0.1-0.5mmol/L). CONCLUSION Thus, Leu and Met synergize to enable Sirt1 activation at low NAD+ concentrations (typical of energy replete states). Sirt1 and AMPK activations are required for Met-Leu's full action, which result in improvements in energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jheelam Banerjee
- NuSirt BioPharma Inc., 11020 Solway School Road, Knoxville, TN 37931, USA.
| | - Antje Bruckbauer
- NuSirt BioPharma Inc., 11020 Solway School Road, Knoxville, TN 37931, USA
| | - Michael B Zemel
- NuSirt BioPharma Inc., 11020 Solway School Road, Knoxville, TN 37931, USA
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31
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Abdelkarem HM, Fadda LM, Kaml OR. Alleviation of bone markers in rats induced nano-zinc oxide by qurecetin and α-lipolic acid. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:692-699. [PMID: 27785948 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1236424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of qurecetin (Qur) and α-lipolic acid (ALA) to modulate the perturbation of bone turnover which is induced by nano-zinc oxide (n-ZnO). Rats were fasted overnight and randomly divided into two groups: G1, normal healthy animals and the other rats were administered zinc oxide nanoparticles orally by guava in a dose of 600 mg/kg body weight/d for 5 sequential days in Wistar albino male rats. N-ZnO-exposed animals were randomly sub-divided into three groups: G2, n-ZnO-exposed animals; G3, n-ZnO-exposed animals co-treated with Qur (200 mg/kg daily); and G4, n-ZnO-exposed animals co-treated with ALA (200 mg/kg). Qur and ALA were administered orally by guava daily for three sequential weeks from the beginning of the experiment. The results revealed a significant reduction of nitiric oxide (NO) and serum level and comet assay in n-ZnO exposure rats after treatment of Qur and ALA. It was found the alteration of pro-inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor alpha; TNF-α, interleukin-6; IL-6 and C-reactive protein; CRP), bone alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP, bone formation marker), and C-terminal peptide type I collagen (CTx, bone resorption marker) levels compared with the normal group. Co-administration of Qur and ALA in n-ZnO-exposed rats significantly alleviated the mentioned alterations of biochemical parameters. These results suggest that Qur and ALA as antioxidant agents may be a candidate for preventive and treatment applications of impaired bone markers induced bone loss caused by nano-particles of metal oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala M Abdelkarem
- a Nutrition Department , National Research Center , Dokki , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Laila M Fadda
- b Pharmaceutical Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Omyma R Kaml
- c Biochemistry Department , National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR) , Giza , Egypt
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32
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IGF-1 mediated phosphorylation of specific IRS-1 serines in Ames dwarf fibroblasts is associated with longevity. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35315-23. [PMID: 26474286 PMCID: PMC4742107 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin/IGF-1 signaling involves phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of serine/threonine or tyrosine residues of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins and is associated with hormonal control of longevity determination of certain long-lived mice. The stimulation of serine phosphorylations by IGF-1 suggests there is insulin/IGF-1 crosstalk that involves the phosphorylation of the same serine residues. By this mechanism, insulin and IGF-1 mediated phosphorylation of specific IRS-1 serines could play a role in longevity determination. We used fibroblasts from WT and Ames dwarf mice to examine whether: (a) IGF-1 stimulates phosphorylation of IRS-1 serines targeted by insulin; (b) the levels of serine phosphorylation differ in WT vs. Ames fibroblasts; and (c) aging affects the levels of these serine phosphorylations which are altered in the Ames dwarf mutant. We have shown that IRS-1 is a substrate for IGF-1 induced phosphorylation of Ser307, Ser612, Ser636/639, and Ser1101; that the levels of phosphorylation of these serines are significantly lower in Ames vs. WT cells; that IGF-1 mediated phosphorylation of these serines increases with age in WT cells. We propose that insulin/IGF-1 cross talk and level of phosphorylation of specific IRS-1 serines may promote the Ames dwarf longevity phenotype.
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Najem D, Bamji-Mirza M, Yang Z, Zhang W. Aβ-Induced Insulin Resistance and the Effects of Insulin on the Cholesterol Synthesis Pathway and Aβ Secretion in Neural Cells. Neurosci Bull 2016; 32:227-38. [PMID: 27207326 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) toxicity, tau pathology, insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, and dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis, all of which play roles in neurodegeneration. Insulin has polytrophic effects on neurons and may be at the center of these pathophysiological changes. In this study, we investigated possible relationships among insulin signaling and cholesterol biosynthesis, along with the effects of Aβ42 on these pathways in vitro. We found that neuroblastoma 2a (N2a) cells transfected with the human gene encoding amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) (N2a-AβPP) produced Aβ and exhibited insulin resistance by reduced p-Akt and a suppressed cholesterol-synthesis pathway following insulin treatment, and by increased phosphorylation of insulin receptor subunit-1 at serine 612 (p-IRS-S612) as compared to parental N2a cells. Treatment of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells with Aβ42 also increased p-IRS-S612, suggesting that Aβ42 is responsible for insulin resistance. The insulin resistance was alleviated when N2a-AβPP cells were treated with higher insulin concentrations. Insulin increased Aβ release from N2a-AβPP cells, by which it may promote Aβ clearance. Insulin increased cholesterol-synthesis gene expression in SH-SY5Y and N2a cells, including 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) through sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP2). While Aβ42-treated SH-SY5Y cells exhibited increased HMGCR expression and c-Jun phosphorylation as pro-inflammatory responses, they also showed down-regulation of neuro-protective/anti-inflammatory DHCR24. These results suggest that Aβ42 may cause insulin resistance, activate JNK for c-Jun phosphorylation, and lead to dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis, and that enhancing insulin signaling may relieve the insulin-resistant phenotype and the dysregulated cholesterol-synthesis pathway to promote Aβ release for clearance from neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dema Najem
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada.,Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A0R6, Canada
| | - Michelle Bamji-Mirza
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada.,Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A0R6, Canada
| | - Ze Yang
- Beijing Hospital, Institute of Geriatrics-Chinese Health Ministry, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wandong Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada. .,Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A0R6, Canada.
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Vargas R, Ryder E, Diez-Ewald M, Mosquera J, Durán A, Valero N, Pedreañez A, Peña C, Fernández E. Increased C-reactive protein and decreased Interleukin-2 content in serum from obese individuals with or without insulin resistance: Associations with leukocyte count and insulin and adiponectin content. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2016; 10:S34-S41. [PMID: 26482966 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic inflammation in obesity is associated with co-morbidities such as, hyperglycemia, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Leukocytes play an important role in this inflammation and C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) can be important effectors during the immune response in obesity; however, the initial inflammatory events in obesity remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the circulating levels of CRP, IL-2, insulin and adiponectin, their association and the association with leukocyte count in obese individuals without co-morbidities and with or without insulin resistance (IR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen obese non-diabetic and 9 lean subjects were studied for serum levels of CRP, IL-2, insulin, adiponectin, lipids, glycated hemoglobin, glycemia, for homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), arterial pressure and anthropometric parameters, and for leukocyte counts. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/L) was calculated using the loge of leukocyte counts. Associations were determined by Pearson's correlation. RESULTS None of the studied groups presented co-morbidities and two groups of obese individuals with normal or high levels of insulin (IR) were found. Increased CRP concentration and decreased IL-2 and adiponectin concentrations in obese were observed. Positive correlation between leukocyte type counts with CRP in obese with IR was found; however, no correlations with IL-2 in obese were observed. Insulin in obese were positively correlated with CRP and negatively correlated with IL-2 in IR obese individuals. Adiponectin in obese was negatively correlated with CRP. CONCLUSION CRP and IL-2 may represent two important effectors in the early inflammatory events in obese individuals without co-morbidities. Adiponectin and insulin may be involved in anti-inflammatory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Vargas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Elena Ryder
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - María Diez-Ewald
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Jesús Mosquera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela.
| | - Anyelo Durán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Nereida Valero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Adriana Pedreañez
- Cátedra de Inmunología. Escuela de Bionanalisis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Caterina Peña
- Cátedra de Genética, Escuela de Bionanalisis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Erika Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
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Zhao Y, Tang Z, Zhu X, Wang X, Wang C, Zhang W, Xia N, Wang S, Huang J, Cui S. TAB3 involves in hepatic insulin resistance through activation of MAPK pathway. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 224:228-34. [PMID: 26320856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is often accompanied by chronic inflammatory responses. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is rapidly activated in response to many inflammatory cytokines. But the functional role of MAPKs in palmitate-induced insulin resistance has yet to be clarified. In this study, we found that transforming growth factor β-activated kinase binding protein-3 (TAB3) was up-regulated in insulin resistance. Considering the relationship between transforming growth factor β-activated kinase (TAK1) and MAPK pathway, we assumed TAB3 involved in insulin resistance through activation of MAPK pathway. To certify this hypothesis, we knocked down TAB3 in palmitate treated HepG2 cells and detected subsequent biological responses. Importantly, TAB3 siRNA directly reversed insulin sensitivity by improving insulin signal transduction. Moreover, silencing of TAB3 could facilitate hepatic glucose uptake, reverse gluconeogenesis and improve ectopic fat accumulation. Meanwhile, we found that the positive effect of knocking down TAB3 was more significant when insulin resistance occurred. All these results indicate that TAB3 acts as a negative regulator in insulin resistance through activation of MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhuqi Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nantong First People's Hospital, 6 Hai'erxiang Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cuifang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wanlu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Nana Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Suxin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jieru Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shiwei Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Castro MC, Massa ML, Arbeláez LG, Schinella G, Gagliardino JJ, Francini F. Fructose-induced inflammation, insulin resistance and oxidative stress: A liver pathological triad effectively disrupted by lipoic acid. Life Sci 2015; 137:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ahmadi-Abhari S, Kaptoge S, Luben RN, Wareham NJ, Khaw KT. Longitudinal association of C-reactive protein and Haemoglobin A1c over 13 years: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer--Norfolk study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:61. [PMID: 25994228 PMCID: PMC4445808 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type-2 diabetes is associated with systemic inflammation and higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. However, the longitudinal association of CRP and haemoglobin-A1c (HbA1c) has not been described in large prospective studies. Understanding such associations may shed light on the role of inflammation in development of type-2 diabetes and its complications such as cardiovascular diseases. Methods EPIC-Norfolk is a cohort study of men and women aged 40–79 years at time of recruitment (1993–1997). Serum CRP (mg/l) was measured using a high-sensitivity assay at baseline and 13-years follow-up. HbA1c (%) was measured at baseline, 4, and 13 years. Participants were excluded if they were diagnosed with diabetes or were taking diabetes medication. Data on at least one measurement of CRP and HbA1c was available for 14228 participants (55 % of the cohort). Results In the cross-sectional analysis of baseline data, a 1-SD higher loge-CRP (about three-fold higher CRP) was associated with 0.06 (95 % CI 0.04, 0.08) higher HbA1c (%) adjusted for potential confounders. In longitudinal analysis using multivariable linear mixed models, change in CRP over 13 years was to a similar extent positively associated with increase in HbA1c, such that 1-SD higher longitudinal change in loge-CRP was associated with 0.04 (95 % CI 0.02, 0.05) increase in HbA1c. Conclusion In this study we found longitudinal observational evidence suggesting that increase in systemic inflammation is associated with an increase in HbA1c and thus systemic inflammation may have a role in development of type-2 diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ahmadi-Abhari
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.
| | - Stephen Kaptoge
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Robert N Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Sciences, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Sesti G, Fiorentino TV, Succurro E, Perticone M, Arturi F, Sciacqua A, Perticone F. Elevated 1-h post-load plasma glucose levels in subjects with normal glucose tolerance are associated with unfavorable inflammatory profile. Acta Diabetol 2014; 51:927-32. [PMID: 24619654 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-013-0539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucose tolerant subjects with 1-h post-load glucose ≥155 mg/dl (NGT-1 h-high) are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Prospective studies showed that chronic subclinical inflammation is a predictor of T2DM. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the inflammatory profile in NGT-1 h-high subjects as compared with individuals with 1-h post-load glucose <155 mg/dl (NGT-1 h-low). To this end, an oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed in 1,099 nondiabetic whites. Cardio-metabolic risk factors including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), fibrinogen, and complement C3 (C3) were determined. Of the 1,099 subjects examined, 497 had NGT-1 h-low, 154 had NGT-1 h-high, 158 had isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and 290 had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). As compared with NGT-1 h-low, NGT-1 h-high and IGT subjects exhibited significantly higher hsCRP, ESR, fibrinogen, and C3 levels. Notably, hsCRP, ESR, and C3 were also significantly higher as compared with IFG individuals. In a logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and gender, NGT-1 h-high and IGT subjects had a 1.8-fold increased risk of having the highest value of the Inflammatory Score. These data suggest that a value of a 1-h OGTT glucose ≥155 mg/dl may be helpful to identify a subset of normal glucose tolerance individuals at risk for chronic subclinical inflammation, a predictor of T2DM, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy,
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Hribal ML, Fiorentino TV, Sesti G. Role of C reactive protein (CRP) in leptin resistance. Curr Pharm Des 2014; 20:609-15. [PMID: 23688010 PMCID: PMC4155811 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Increased plasma levels of both leptin and C reactive protein (CRP) have been reported in a number of conditions, including obesity, and have been linked to cardiovascular pathophysiological processes and increased cardiovascular risk; interestingly these two biomarkers appear to be able to reciprocally regulate their bioavailability, through complex mechanisms that have not been completely clarified yet. Here we first review clinical evidence suggesting not only that the circulatory levels of CRP and leptin show an independent correlation, but also that assessing them in tandem may result in an increased ability to predict cardiovascular disease. We summarize also molecular studies showing that leptin is able to promote CRP production from hepatocytes and endothelial cells in vitro and discuss the studies addressing the possibility that in vivo leptin administration may be able to modulate plasma CRP levels. Furthermore, we describe two studies demonstrating that CRP directly binds leptin in extra-cellular settings, thus impairing its biological actions. Finally we report genetic evidence that common variations at the leptin receptor locus are associated with CRP blood levels. Overall, the data reviewed here show that the chronic elevation of CRP observed in obese subjects may worsen leptin resistance, contributing to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, and highlight a potential link between conditions, such as leptin resistance and endothelial dysfunction, that may be amenable of pharmacological treatment targeted to the disruption of leptin-CRP interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, Viale Europa, località Germaneto 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
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Rosiglitazone inhibits hepatic insulin resistance induced by chronic pancreatitis and IKK-β/NF-κB expression in liver. Pancreas 2014; 43:1291-8. [PMID: 25036911 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the influence of rosiglitazone on hepatic insulin resistance and the expressions of IκB kinase-β (IKK-β)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in chronic pancreatitis (CP). METHODS After CP was induced in rats, rosiglitazone and GW9662 were administered at the doses of 4 and 2 mg/kg per day for 4 weeks, respectively. Then, glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed. Hepatocytes were isolated for the glucose release experiments. Determination of the IKK-β, NF-κB, and Ser307p-insulin receptor substrates-1 (Ser307p-IRS-1) expression in the liver was performed. RESULTS The increased plasma glucose, reduced insulin sensitivity, and the capacity of insulin to suppress glucose release in hepatocytes were observed in CP rats. The IKK-β, NF-κB, and Ser307p-IRS-1 expressions were significantly higher in the liver of CP rats than in sham-operated rats (P < 0.05). Rosiglitazone treatment significantly improved hepatic insulin sensitivity and inhibited the IKK-β, NF-κB, and Ser307p-IRS-1 expressions in the liver (P < 0.05). Counteraction with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ by GW9662 attenuated the aforementioned effects of rosiglitazone. CONCLUSIONS Rosiglitazone attenuates hepatic insulin resistance induced by CP. The inhibition of hepatic IKK-β and NF-κB expressions via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ may be involved in the therapeutic effect of rosiglitazone.
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Cross-fostering and improved lactation ameliorates deficits in endocrine pancreatic morphology in growth-restricted adult male rat offspring. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2014; 1:234-44. [PMID: 25141871 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174410000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Uteroplacental insufficiency and poor postnatal nutrition impair adult glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in male rat offspring, which can be partially ameliorated by improving postnatal nutrition. Uteroplacental insufficiency was induced in the WKY rat on day 18 of pregnancy (Restricted) compared to sham-operated Controls. Pups were then cross-fostered onto Control or Restricted mothers one day after birth resulting in: (Pup-on-Mother) Control-on-Control, Control-on-Restricted, Restricted-on-Control and Restricted-on-Restricted. Endocrine pancreatic morphology and markers of intrinsic β-cell function and glucose homeostasis were assessed in male offspring at 6 months. Pancreatic and hepatic gene expression was quantified at postnatal day 7 and 6 months. Restricted pups were born 10-15% lighter than Controls and remained lighter at 6 months. Relative islet and β-cell mass were 51-65% lower in Restricted-on-Restricted compared to Controls at 6 months. Non-fasting plasma C-reactive protein levels were also increased, suggestive of an inflammatory response. Overall, the average number of islets, small islets and proportion of β-cells per islet correlated positively with birth weight. Intrinsic β-cell function, estimated by insulin secretion relative to β-cell mass, was unaffected by Restriction, suggesting that the in vivo functional deficit was attributable to reduced mass, not function. Importantly, these deficits were ameliorated when lactational nutrition was normalized in Restricted-on-Control offspring, who also showed increased pancreatic Igf1r, Pdx1 and Vegf mRNA expression at 7 days compared to Control-on-Control and Restricted-on-Restricted. This highlights lactation as a critical period for intervention following prenatal restraint, whereby deficits in endocrine pancreatic mass and associated impaired in vivo insulin secretion can be ameliorated.
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Al-Rasheed NM, Faddah LM, Mohamed AM, Abdel Baky NA, Al-Rasheed NM, Mohammad RA. Potential impact of quercetin and idebenone against immuno- inflammatory and oxidative renal damage induced in rats by titanium dioxide nanoparticles toxicity. J Oleo Sci 2014; 62:961-71. [PMID: 24200945 DOI: 10.5650/jos.62.961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic impacts of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs) on rat kidneys and the possible prophylactic role of either quercetin or idebenone. TiO₂-NPs were administered orally at either 600 mg or 1 g/kg body weight for 5 consecutive days to evaluate dose-dependent toxicity referred to the OECD guidelines for testing of chemicals. The results showed that administration of either low or high repeated doses of TiO₂-NPs to rats significantly increases serum kideney function biomarkers (urea, creatinine and uric acid) as well as increases in serum glucose and serum immuno- inflammatory biomarkers including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), immunoglobin g (IGg), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, angiogenic factor) and nitric oxide (NO) with a concomitant decrease in renal GSH content versus normal control values. The increase in these biomarkers was more evident in rats intoxicated with high TiO₂-NPs repeated doses. Oral co- administration of either quercetin or idebenone (each 200mg/Kg body weight) daily for three weeks to rats intoxicated by either of the two doses markedly ameliorated TiO₂-NPs induced alteration in the above biomarkers. The prophylactic impacts of both agents on biochemical markers were more pronounced in rats received low TiO₂-NPs repeated doses. The biochemical investigation was supported by histological examination. In conclusion, The data showed the severity in renotoxicity of TiO₂-NPs was dose-dependent and the protective effect of quercetin and idebenone may be related to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Roberts CK, Hevener AL, Barnard RJ. Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: underlying causes and modification by exercise training. Compr Physiol 2013; 3:1-58. [PMID: 23720280 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c110062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a collection of cardiometabolic risk factors that includes obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Although there has been significant debate regarding the criteria and concept of the syndrome, this clustering of risk factors is unequivocally linked to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Regardless of the true definition, based on current population estimates, nearly 100 million have MS. It is often characterized by insulin resistance, which some have suggested is a major underpinning link between physical inactivity and MS. The purpose of this review is to: (i) provide an overview of the history, causes and clinical aspects of MS, (ii) review the molecular mechanisms of insulin action and the causes of insulin resistance, and (iii) discuss the epidemiological and intervention data on the effects of exercise on MS and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K Roberts
- Exercise and Metabolic Disease Research Laboratory, Translational Sciences Section, School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Liu SJ, Liu WH, Zhong Y, Liu SM. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β is involved in C-reactive protein-induced endothelial cell activation. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 78:915-9. [PMID: 24228880 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913080087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a significant contributor to atherosclerosis and a powerful predictor of cardiovascular risk. The role of CRP in endothelial cell (EC) activation has been extensively investigated, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The effect of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) on CRP-induced EC activation was evaluated in this study. We observed that CRP decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity during EC activation. CRP also activated GSK-3β by dephosphorylating its Ser9 level and reducing β-catenin protein expression in a time-dependent manner. We also found that the GSK-3β inhibitors TDZD-8 and SB415286 partially restored eNOS activity and suppressed the release of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 from ECs. These data provide new evidence for the involvement of GSK-3β in EC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jun Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China
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Verhagen SN, Wassink AMJ, van der Graaf Y, Visseren FLJ. C-reactive protein and incident diabetes in patients with arterial disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:1052-9. [PMID: 23919838 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic low-grade inflammation, as measured by high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), may contribute to the risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with manifest arterial disease. METHODS Cohort study in 4072 patients with manifest arterial disease without diabetes. The relation between quartiles of hsCRP and type 2 diabetes was assessed with Cox regression analyses, taking age, smoking and blood pressure-lowering medication and lipid-lowering medication into account. Insulin resistance was estimated with homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In exploratory models, adjustments were performed for body mass index (BMI) and visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 5·0 (IQR 2·5-8·2) years, 288 subjects developed diabetes. High hsCRP was independently associated with incident diabetes (Q4 vs. Q1 males: HR 1·62; 95% CI 1·06-2·48; females: HR 3·12; 95% CI 1·57-6·21). HOMA-IR at baseline is related to hsCRP plasma levels (Q4 vs. Q1: males: β 0·27; 95% CI 0·19-0·36; females: β 0·35; 95% CI 0·22-0·48). The risk of diabetes associated with hsCRP was abolished in males (Q4 vs. 1 HR 1·23; 95% CI 0·80-1·88) and attenuated in females (Q4 vs. 1 HR 2·32; 95% CI 1·14-4·75) after adding BMI to the model, but not modified by statin use (P for interaction: 0·61). CONCLUSIONS Patients with manifest arterial disease with high hsCRP plasma levels are at increased risk to develop type 2 diabetes and are more insulin resistant as compared to those with low hsCRP levels. This increase in risk is more pronounced in females than in males and is not modified by statin use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra N Verhagen
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMC Utrecht), Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Annadurai T, Thomas PA, Geraldine P. Ameliorative effect of naringenin on hyperglycemia-mediated inflammation in hepatic and pancreatic tissues of Wistar rats with streptozotocin- nicotinamide-induced experimental diabetes mellitus. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:793-803. [PMID: 23841752 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.823643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In diabetes mellitus (DM), sustained hyperglycemia results in the generation of reactive oxygen species, ultimately leading to increased oxidative stress and inflammation in vital tissues. In the present study, possible ameliorative effects of naringenin on hyperglycemia-mediated inflammation in experimental streptozocin (STZ)-nicotinamide-induced DM were sought. DM was induced experimentally in overnight-fasted Wistar rats (150-180 g) by intra-peritoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg.b.w) and of nicotinamide (110 mg/kg.b.w); control rats (n = 6) received only vehicle (0.5 ml of 0.1 M of cold citrate buffer; pH 4.5). One group of diabetic rats (n = 6) was left untreated while another group of diabetic rats (n = 6) received naringenin (50 mg/kg b.w./day) orally for 21 days. At this time, hemotological indices (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], total white blood cell [WBC] count, differential WBC percentage, and platelet count) were measured. Significant alterations in expression of gene and protein biomarkers of inflammation in hepatic and pancreatic tissues were determined by measuring mRNA levels and the level of protein expressed, respectively, as was the total nitric oxide level in these tissues. Diabetic rats showed significantly higher mean ESR values, total WBC counts, differential WBC percentages, and platelet counts than those in control rats; similarly, mean mRNA levels of C-reactive protein, pro-inflammatory cytokine, nuclear factor-κB and inducible nitric oxide synthase genes and mean intensities of expression of the corresponding proteins in the hepatic and pancreatic tissue samples from diabetic rats significantly exceeded those in control rats. However, in diabetic rats treated with naringenin, the values of hematological, mRNA transcript and protein indices of inflammation were all lower than those in diabetic rats. These results suggest that naringenin possibly alleviates hyperglycemia-mediated inflammation in experimental STZ-nicotinamide-induced DM in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Annadurai
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli , Tamil Nadu , India
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Gruzdeva O, Uchasova E, Dyleva Y, Belik E, Shurygina E, Barbarash O. Insulin resistance and inflammation markers in myocardial infarction. J Inflamm Res 2013; 6:83-90. [PMID: 23837002 PMCID: PMC3699291 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s43081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance (IR) is known to be characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is regarded as an important mechanism in disease pathogenesis. One of the key pathogenetic mechanisms of IR progression is impaired free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism. Plasminogen-activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and key inflammation markers, ie, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), also play a role. Purpose To assess the changing levels of the metabolic proinflammation IR markers IL-6, CRP and PAI-1 and their association with the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in myocardial infarction (MI) patients during their hospital stay. Methods The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 included 95 nondiabetic MI patients, and group 2 enrolled 40 diabetic MI patients. The control group consisted of 30 sex-and age-matched volunteers. Serum IL-6 and CRP levels as well as FFA, glucose, C-peptide, insulin, and plasma PAI-1 concentrations were measured at days 1 and 12 from MI onset. Results At day 1, there was an increase in glucose concentrations, which remained high in both groups by day 12 but was much higher in the diabetic patients. Basal insulin and C-peptide levels did not differ significantly from those in the control group. The quantitative insulin sensitivity-check index in both groups was significantly different from that in controls. FFA concentrations at day 1 in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients increased; by day 12, they had decreased but were still higher than the controls. CRP and IL-6 levels at day 1 were higher in all the patients, but diabetic patients had the highest levels; by day 12, the levels were lower but still 2.4-fold (IL-6) and 12.5-fold (CRP) higher than those in the control group. Conclusion This study showed that MI is accompanied both by activated inflammatory response and IR. Strong correlations between IL-6 and FFA concentrations demonstrate that nonspecific inflammation factors are involved in IR development in MI patients. Consequently, these inflammatory cytokines might cause the development of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gruzdeva
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
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Dideriksen K, Reitelseder S, Holm L. Influence of amino acids, dietary protein, and physical activity on muscle mass development in humans. Nutrients 2013; 5:852-76. [PMID: 23486194 PMCID: PMC3705323 DOI: 10.3390/nu5030852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ingestion of protein is crucial for maintenance of a variety of body functions and within the scope of this review we will specifically focus on the regulation of skeletal muscle mass. A quantitative limitation exists as to how much muscle protein the body can synthesize in response to protein intake. Ingestion of excess protein exerts an unwanted load to the body and therefore, it is important to find the least amount of protein that provides the maximal hypertrophic stimulus. Hence, research has focused on revealing the relationship between protein intake (dose) and its resulting stimulation of muscle protein synthesis (response). In addition to the protein amount, the protein digestibility and, hence, the availability of its constituent amino acids is decisive for the response. In this regard, recent studies have provided in-depth knowledge about the time-course of the muscle protein synthetic response dependent on the characteristics of the protein ingested. The effect of protein intake on muscle protein accretion can further be stimulated by prior exercise training. In the ageing population, physical training may counteract the development of “anabolic resistance” and restore the beneficial effect of protein feeding. Presently, our knowledge is based on measures obtained in standardized experimental settings or during long-term intervention periods. However, to improve coherence between these types of data and to further improve our knowledge of the effects of protein ingestion, other investigative approaches than those presently used are requested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Dideriksen
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M81, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark; E-Mails: (S.R.); (L.H.)
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +45-3531-3948; Fax: +45-3531-2733
| | - Søren Reitelseder
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M81, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark; E-Mails: (S.R.); (L.H.)
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lars Holm
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M81, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark; E-Mails: (S.R.); (L.H.)
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Hiltunen M, Khandelwal VKM, Yaluri N, Tiilikainen T, Tusa M, Koivisto H, Krzisch M, Vepsäläinen S, Mäkinen P, Kemppainen S, Miettinen P, Haapasalo A, Soininen H, Laakso M, Tanila H. Contribution of genetic and dietary insulin resistance to Alzheimer phenotype in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:1206-22. [PMID: 21762376 PMCID: PMC3823075 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
According to epidemiological studies, type-2 diabetes increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we induced hyperglycaemia in mice overexpressing mutant amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 (APdE9) either by cross-breeding them with pancreatic insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) overexpressing mice or by feeding them with high-fat diet. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests revealed significant hyperglycaemia in mice overexpressing IGF-2, which was exacerbated by high-fat diet. However, sustained hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance were observed only in mice co-expressing IGF-2 and APdE9 without correlation to insulin levels in brain. In behavioural tests in aged mice, APdE9 was associated with poor spatial learning and the combination of IGF-2 and high-fat diet further impaired learning. Neither high-fat diet nor IGF-2 increased β-amyloid burden in the brain. In male mice, IGF-2 increased β-amyloid 42/40 ratio, which correlated with poor spatial learning. In contrast, inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, which correlated with good spatial learning, was increased in APdE9 and IGF-2 female mice on standard diet, but not on high-fat diet. Interestingly, high-fat diet altered τ isoform expression and increased phosphorylation of τ at Ser202 site in female mice regardless of genotype. These findings provide evidence for new regulatory mechanisms that link type-2 diabetes and Alzheimer pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Prudente S, Sesti G, Pandolfi A, Andreozzi F, Consoli A, Trischitta V. The mammalian tribbles homolog TRIB3, glucose homeostasis, and cardiovascular diseases. Endocr Rev 2012; 33:526-46. [PMID: 22577090 PMCID: PMC3410226 DOI: 10.1210/er.2011-1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Insulin signaling plays a physiological role in traditional insulin target tissues controlling glucose homeostasis as well as in pancreatic β-cells and in the endothelium. Insulin signaling abnormalities may, therefore, be pathogenic for insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, endothelial dysfunction, and eventually, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) is a 45-kDa pseudokinase binding to and inhibiting Akt, a key mediator of insulin signaling. Akt-mediated effects of TRIB3 in the liver, pancreatic β-cells, and skeletal muscle result in impaired glucose homeostasis. TRIB3 effects are also modulated by its direct interaction with other signaling molecules. In humans, TRIB3 overactivity, due to TRIB3 overexpression or to Q84R genetic polymorphism, with R84 being a gain-of-function variant, may be involved in shaping the risk of insulin resistance, T2DM, and cardiovascular disease. TRIB3 overexpression has been observed in the liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and pancreatic β-cells of individuals with insulin resistance and/or T2DM. The R84 variant has also proved to be associated with insulin resistance, T2DM, and cardiovascular disease. TRIB3 direct effects on the endothelium might also play a role in increasing the risk of atherosclerosis, as indicated by studies on human endothelial cells carrying the R84 variant that are dysfunctional in terms of Akt activation, NO production, and other proatherogenic changes. In conclusion, studies on TRIB3 have unraveled new molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities. Additional investigations are needed to verify whether such acquired knowledge will be relevant for improving care delivery to patients with metabolic and cardiovascular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Prudente
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Mendel Laboratory, Italy
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