1
|
Bjerager J, Magnø M, Chen X, Belmouhand M, Aass HCD, Reppe S, Heegaard S, Larsen M, Utheim TP. Heritability of tear fluid cytokines in healthy twins. Ocul Surf 2024; 32:145-153. [PMID: 38387783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ocular surface disease is common and it is associated with elevated concentration levels of cytokines in tear fluid. Studies of the normal variation in tear fluid inflammatory markers are lacking. New knowledge may help guide research into ocular surface disease biomarkers and therapeutics. METHODS In this prospective twin cohort study, healthy individuals were recruited from a population-based registry. Tear fluid was collected with the Schirmer test strips was submerged in phosphate buffered saline and stored at -80° before undergoing 27-cytokine multiplex immunoassay analysis. Broad-sense heritability (h2) of cytokine concentrations was analyzed. RESULTS 90 participants (23 monozygotic and 22 dizygotic twin pairs) were included. Data availability allowed for heritability analysis of 15 cytokines, and a h2 >50% was seen for 10 cytokines. A statistical power of >80% was achieved for heritability analyses of the cytokines interferon gamma induced protein 10 (h2 = 94.8%), eotaxin (89.8%), interleukin 7 (86.6%), interleukin 1β (82.2%) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (68.2%). CONCLUSIONS The tear fluid concentration of several analyzed cytokines was found to be highly heritable. A considerable amount of the inter-individual variation observed for the concentration of certain tear fluid cytokines can be linked to hereditary factors that cannot easily be modified by changing factors in the environment of patients. This suggests that a higher success in ocular surface disease drug discovery may be anticipated for drugs that have targets in specific populations, and points to the importance of emphasizing known preventive measures of ocular surface disease and examinations of close relatives of patients with ocular surface disease, such as dry eye disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Bjerager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - Morten Magnø
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Sjur Reppe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Larsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tor P Utheim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo H, Wang M, Ye Y, Huang C, Wang S, Peng H, Wang X, Fan M, Hou T, Wu X, Huang X, Yan Y, Zheng K, Wu T, Li L. Short-Term Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide Modifies Genetic Predisposition in Blood Lipid and Fasting Plasma Glucose: A Pedigree-Based Study. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1470. [PMID: 38132296 PMCID: PMC10740487 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Previous studies suggest that exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has a negative impact on health. But few studies have explored the association between NO2 and blood lipids or fasting plasma glucose (FPG), as well as gene-air pollution interactions. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap based on a pedigree cohort in southern China. (2) Methods: Employing a pedigree-based design, 1563 individuals from 452 families participated in this study. Serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and FPG were measured. We investigated the associations between short-term NO2 exposure and lipid profiles or FPG using linear mixed regression models. The genotype-environment interaction (GenoXE) for each trait was estimated using variance component models. (3) Results: NO2 was inversely associated with HDLC but directly associated with TG and FPG. The results showed that each 1 μg/m3 increase in NO2 on day lag0 corresponded to a 1.926% (95%CI: 1.428-2.421%) decrease in HDLC and a 1.400% (95%CI: 0.341-2.470%) increase in FPG. Moreover, we observed a significant genotype-NO2 interaction with HDLC and FPG. (4) Conclusion: This study highlighted the association between NO2 exposure and blood lipid profiles or FPG. Additionally, our investigation suggested the presence of genotype-NO2 interactions in HDLC and FPG, indicating potential loci-specific interaction effects. These findings have the potential to inform and enhance the interpretation of studies that are focused on specific gene-environment interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huangda Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.G.)
| | - Mengying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350012, China
| | - Chunlan Huang
- Department of Hygiene, Nanjing Country Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 363600, China
| | - Siyue Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.G.)
| | - Hexiang Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.G.)
| | - Xueheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.G.)
| | - Meng Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.G.)
| | - Tianjiao Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.G.)
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Hygiene, Nanjing Country Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 363600, China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- Department of Hygiene, Nanjing Country Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 363600, China
| | - Yansheng Yan
- Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350012, China
| | - Kuicheng Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350012, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Miao K, Wang Y, Cao W, Lv J, Yu C, Huang T, Sun D, Liao C, Pang Y, Hu R, Pang Z, Yu M, Wang H, Wu X, Liu Y, Gao W, Li L. Genetic and Environmental Influences on Blood Pressure and Serum Lipids Across Age-Groups. Twin Res Hum Genet 2023; 26:223-230. [PMID: 37650338 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2023.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Aging plays a crucial role in the mechanisms of the impacts of genetic and environmental factors on blood pressure and serum lipids. However, to our knowledge, how the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the correlation between blood pressure and serum lipids changes with age remains to be determined. In this study, data from the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) were used. Resting blood pressure, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and fasting serum lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TGs) were measured in 2378 participants (1189 twin pairs). Univariate and bivariate structural equation models examined the genetic and environmental influences on blood pressure and serum lipids among three age groups. All phenotypes showed moderate to high heritability (0.37-0.59) and moderate unique environmental variance (0.30-0.44). The heritability of all phenotypes showed a decreasing trend with age. Among all phenotypes, SBP and DBP showed a significant monotonic decreasing trend. For phenotype-phenotype pairs, the phenotypic correlation (Rph) of each pair ranged from -0.04 to 0.23, and the additive genetic correlation (Ra) ranged from 0.00 to 0.36. For TC&SBP, TC&DBP, TG&SBP and TGs&DBP, both the Rph and Ra declined with age, and the Ra difference between the young group and the older adult group is statistically significant (p < .05). The unique environmental correlation (Re) of each pair did not follow any pattern with age and remained relatively stable with age. In summary, we observed that the heritability of blood pressure was affected by age. Moreover, blood pressure and serum lipids shared common genetic backgrounds, and age had an impact on the phenotypic correlation and genetic correlations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Miao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanjie Pang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Runhua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zengchang Pang
- Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Yu
- Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianping Wu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjing Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cherny SS, Williams FMK, Livshits G. Genetic and environmental correlational structure among metabolic syndrome endophenotypes. Ann Hum Genet 2022; 86:225-236. [PMID: 35357000 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is diagnosed by the presence of high scores on three or more metabolic traits, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), glucose and insulin levels, cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels, and central obesity. A diagnosis of MetS is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The components of MetS have long been demonstrated to have substantial genetic components, but their genetic overlap is less well understood. The present paper takes a multi-prong approach to examining the extent of this genetic overlap. This includes the quantitative genetic and additive Bayesian network modeling of the large TwinsUK project and examination of the results of genome-wide association study (GWAS) of UK Biobank data through use of LD score regression and examination of the number of genes and pathways identified in the GWASes which overlap across MetS traits. Results demonstrate a modest genetic overlap, and the genetic correlations obtained from TwinsUK and UK Biobank are nearly identical. However, these correlations imply more genetic dissimilarity than similarity. Furthermore, examination of the extent of overlap in significant GWAS hits, both at the gene and pathway level, again demonstrates only modest but significant genetic overlap. This lends support to the idea that in clinical treatment of MetS, treating each of the components individually may be an important way to address MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey S Cherny
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Gregory Livshits
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, UK.,Department of Morphological Sciences, The Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Martikainen P, Korhonen K, Jelenkovic A, Lahtinen H, Havulinna A, Ripatti S, Borodulin K, Salomaa V, Davey Smith G, Silventoinen K. Joint association between education and polygenic risk score for incident coronary heart disease events: a longitudinal population-based study of 26 203 men and women. J Epidemiol Community Health 2021; 75:651-657. [PMID: 33408166 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2020-214358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic vulnerability to coronary heart disease (CHD) is well established, but little is known whether these effects are mediated or modified by equally well-established social determinants of CHD. We estimate the joint associations of the polygenetic risk score (PRS) for CHD and education on CHD events. METHODS The data are from the 1992, 1997, 2002, 2007 and 2012 surveys of the population-based FINRISK Study including measures of social, behavioural and metabolic factors and genome-wide genotypes (N=26 203). Follow-up of fatal and non-fatal incident CHD events (N=2063) was based on nationwide registers. RESULTS Allowing for age, sex, study year, region of residence, study batch and principal components, those in the highest quartile of PRS for CHD had strongly increased risk of CHD events compared with the lowest quartile (HR=2.26; 95% CI: 1.97 to 2.59); associations were also observed for low education (HR=1.58; 95% CI: 1.32 to 1.89). These effects were largely independent of each other. Adjustment for baseline smoking, alcohol use, body mass index, igh-density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol, blood pressure and diabetes attenuated the PRS associations by 10% and the education associations by 50%. We do not find strong evidence of interactions between PRS and education. CONCLUSIONS PRS and education predict CHD events, and these associations are independent of each other. Both can improve CHD prediction beyond behavioural risks. The results imply that observational studies that do not have information on genetic risk factors for CHD do not provide confounded estimates for the association between education and CHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Martikainen
- Population Research Unit, University of Helsinki Faculty of Social Sciences, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kaarina Korhonen
- Population Research Unit, University of Helsinki Faculty of Social Sciences, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aline Jelenkovic
- Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, País Vasco, Spain
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Lahtinen
- Population Research Unit, University of Helsinki Faculty of Social Sciences, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katja Borodulin
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
- Age Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - George Davey Smith
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karri Silventoinen
- Population Research Unit, University of Helsinki Faculty of Social Sciences, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bahari Shargh R, Rostami S, Abtahi H, Shariat M, Mardaneh J, Noughi F, Hosein Lookzadeh M, Khorsandi B, Zendehdel K. The Iranian Newborn Multiples Registry (IRNMR): a registry protocol. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:5213-5216. [PMID: 34126847 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1875445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Over the last decades, several twin/multiples registries have been developed worldwide, mostly concentrated in Europe and high-income countries (HICs). In Iran, we lack accurate nationwide epidemiological and biobank data on twins. We established the Iranian Newborn Multiples Registry (IRNMR) to evaluate the role of genetics and environmental factors in the variation of phenotypes among newborn monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs. IRNMR is a multicenter hospital-based registry. Materials and methods: In the pilot phase, we collected epidemiological data from multiples born in Imam Khomeini Hospital complex and Aban Hospital located in Tehran, the capital of Iran, with a population exceeding 8 million, Allameh Bohlool Gonabadi Hospital, Gonabad, Razavi Khorasan, and Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran. Results: The IRNMR has recruited 457 sets of newborn twins and multiples so far. We hold follow-up sessions by mother and child health professionals to monitor multiples' growth, development, diseases, and mortality. Conclusions: We successfully developed a newborn multiples registry in Iran. This registry will create an invaluable database to study the relative influence of genes and environmental factors on various chronic diseases, growth, development, and behavioral disorders. We intend to collaborate with other centers to develop a large multicenter nationwide multiple birth registry and biobank in Iran.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roza Bahari Shargh
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Rostami
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Abtahi
- Thoracic Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mamak Shariat
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Mardaneh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Noughi
- Comprehensive Research Laboratory, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | | | - Behjat Khorsandi
- Research Center for Nursing and Midwifery Care, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sant KE, Annunziato K, Conlin S, Teicher G, Chen P, Venezia O, Downes GB, Park Y, Timme-Laragy AR. Developmental exposures to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) impact embryonic nutrition, pancreatic morphology, and adiposity in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 275:116644. [PMID: 33581636 PMCID: PMC8101273 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a persistent environmental contaminant previously found in consumer surfactants and industrial fire-fighting foams. PFOS has been widely implicated in metabolic dysfunction across the lifespan, including diabetes and obesity. However, the contributions of the embryonic environment to metabolic disease remain uncharacterized. This study seeks to identify perturbations in embryonic metabolism, pancreas development, and adiposity due to developmental and subchronic PFOS exposures and their persistence into later larval and juvenile periods. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 16 or 32 μM PFOS developmentally (1-5 days post fertilization; dpf) or subchronically (1-15 dpf). Embryonic fatty acid and macronutrient concentrations and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms were quantified in embryos. Pancreatic islet morphometry was assessed at 15 and 30 dpf, and adiposity and fish behavior were assessed at 15 dpf. Concentrations of lauric (C12:0) and myristic (C14:0) saturated fatty acids were increased by PFOS at 4 dpf, and PPAR gene expression was reduced. Incidence of aberrant islet morphologies, principal islet areas, and adiposity were increased in 15 dpf larvae and 30 dpf juvenile fish. Together, these data suggest that the embryonic period is a susceptible window of metabolic programming in response to PFOS exposures, and that these early exposures alone can have persisting effects later in the lifecourse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karilyn E Sant
- Division of Environmental Health, San Diego State University School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Kate Annunziato
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Sarah Conlin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Gregory Teicher
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Phoebe Chen
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Olivia Venezia
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Gerald B Downes
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yilmaz Y, Byrne CD, Musso G. A single-letter change in an acronym: signals, reasons, promises, challenges, and steps ahead for moving from NAFLD to MAFLD. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:345-352. [PMID: 33270482 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1860019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: We are currently at the dawn of a revolution in the field of fatty liver diseases. Recently, a consensus recommended 'metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease' (MAFLD) as a more appropriate name to describe fatty liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction, ultimately suggesting that the old acronym nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) should be abandoned.Areas covered: In this viewpoint, we discuss the reasons and relevance of this semantic modification through five different conceptual domains, i.e., 1) signals, 2) reasons, 2) promises, 4) challenges and 5) steps ahead.Expert opinion: The road ahead will not be traveled without major challenges. Further research to evaluate the positive and negative impacts of the nomenclature change is warranted. However, this modification should encourage increased disease awareness among policymakers and stimulate public and private investments leading to more effective therapy development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Yilmaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Liver Research Unit, Institute of Gastroenterology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- National Institute for Health Research, Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Giovanni Musso
- HUMANITAS Gradenigo Hospital; Laboratory of Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dalgård C, Wang F, Titlestad IL, Kyvik KO, Vestbo J, Sorensen GL. Increased serum SP-D in identification of high-risk smokers at high risk of COPD. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L1005-L1010. [PMID: 33759571 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00604.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D) is an important component of the pulmonary innate immune system with the ability to dampen cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation. However, cigarette smoking mediates translocation of SP-D from the lung to the blood, and serum SP-D (sSP-D) has therefore previously been suggested as marker for smoke-induced lung injury. In support of this notion, associations between high sSP-D and low lung function measurements have previously been demonstrated in smokers and in chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). The present investigations employ a 12-yr longitudinal Danish twin study to test the hypothesis that baseline sSP-D variation has the capacity to identify smokers with normal baseline lung function who are at high risk of significant future smoke-induced lung function decline. We find that sSP-D is significantly increased in those with normal lung function at baseline who develop lung function decline during follow-up compared with those who stay lung healthy. Moreover, we demonstrate that it is the smoke-induced baseline sSP-D level, and not the constitutional level, which has capacity as biomarker, and which is linearly increased with the decline in lung function during follow-up. In conclusion, we here present first observation of increased sSP-D for identification of high-risk smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Dalgård
- Divison of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, and The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ingrid Louise Titlestad
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Ohm Kyvik
- Department of Clinical Research and The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Odense Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Vestbo
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Grith Lykke Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Svendsen AJ, Westergaard MCW, Draborg AH, Holst R, Kyvik KO, Jakobsen MA, Junker P, Houen G. Altered Antibody Response to Epstein-Barr Virus in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Healthy Subjects Predisposed to the Disease. A Twin Study. Front Immunol 2021; 12:650713. [PMID: 33777048 PMCID: PMC7991571 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.650713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To study Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody patterns in twin individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and their healthy co-twins, and to determine the heritability of antibody responses against the EBV encoded EBNA1 protein. Methods: Isotypes of EBNA1 antibodies were measured in 137 RA affected- and 150 healthy twin pairs. We estimated the effect of RA and RA predisposition, anti-citrullinated antibodies (ACPA), IgM rheumatoid factor (RF), the shared epitope (SE) and the PTPN22-T allele (PTPN22) on the level of EBNA1 antibodies. We also determined the heritability of EBNA1 antibody levels. Results: IgA-EBNA1 antibody levels were increased in twins from RA discordant twin pairs irrespective of RA, ACPA or IgM-RF status. The IgG-EBNA1 antibody level was elevated in healthy co-twins from RA discordant twin pairs but not in RA affected twins. The IgM-EBNA1 antibody level was elevated in both RA twins and their healthy co-twins. The effect of RA on the IgA-EBNA1 antibody level was reversed when SE was present and with no effect of PTPN22. The heritability of IgA-, IgG- and IgM-EBNA1 antibody level was 40.6, 65.5, and 54.3%, with no effect of environment shared by the twins. Conclusion: EBNA1 antibody levels are distinctively different between patients with RA and healthy subjects but also between relatives of RA strongly predisposed to RA and healthy subjects. The high level of IgA EBNA1 antibodies associated with RA and a family predisposition to RA is attributable to both genetics incl. the shared epitope and environmental variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders J Svendsen
- The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Internal Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Marie Christine Wulff Westergaard
- Department of Autoimmunity and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Haematology, Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Holck Draborg
- Department of Autoimmunity and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - René Holst
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Oslo Centre of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten O Kyvik
- Department of Clinical Research, Odense Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marianne A Jakobsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Junker
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Houen
- Department of Autoimmunity and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Disentangling the relationship between bone turnover and glucose homeostasis: A prospective, population-based twin study. Bone Rep 2021; 14:100752. [PMID: 33665235 PMCID: PMC7900018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.100752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biochemical markers of bone turnover are lower in patients with type 2 diabetes, which may be explained by genetic variants being associated with type 2 diabetes and bone turnover as well as environmental factors. We hypothesized that bone turnover markers associate with and predict changes in glucose homeostasis after control for genetics and shared environment. Methods 1071 healthy, non-diabetic (at baseline, 1997-2000) adult mono- and dizygotic twins participating in the prospective study GEMINAKAR were reassessed between 2010 and 2012 with clinical evaluation, biochemical tests and oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting bone turnover markers (CTX, P1NP and osteocalcin) were measured. The association between bone turnover, glucose homeostasis and the ability of bone turnover markers to predict changes in glucose homeostasis were assessed in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Analyses were performed both at an individual level and adjusted for shared environmental and genetic factors. Results Glucose levels increased with age, and 33 (3%) participants had developed type 2 diabetes at follow-up. In women, bone turnover markers increased with age, whereas for men only osteocalcin increased with age. Bone turnover markers were not associated with fasting glucose, insulin, or HOMA-IR at baseline or follow-up before or after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking, and use of medication at baseline. Variation in bone turnover markers was mainly explained by unique environmental factors, 70%, 70% and 55% for CTX, P1NP and osteocalcin, respectively, whereas additive genetic factors explained 7%, 13% and 45% of the variation in CTX, P1NP and osteocalcin. Conclusions Bone turnover markers were not associated with baseline plasma glucose levels and did not predict changes in glucose homeostasis. Variation in bone turnover markers is mainly explained by environmental factors, however, compared to CTX and P1NP, genetic factors have a larger impact on osteocalcin levels.
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu C, Xue Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Qiao D, Wang B, Shen F, Mao Z, Yu S, Wang C, Li W, Li X. Association between daily egg intake and lipid profiles in adults from the Henan rural cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:2171-2179. [PMID: 33097413 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The association between daily egg intake and dyslipidemia remains a contentious issue. Therefore, our study was aimed to explore the relation of daily egg intake to lipid profile; and whether the association was mediated by body mass index (BMI). METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 39,021 participants (18-79 years) were enrolled from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Data on egg consumptions and blood lipid indices were collected with standardized processes. Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Mediation analysis using bootstrap was performed to examine the contribution of BMI to daily egg intake and HDL-C. The participants were divided into 3 egg intake groups (<26.79 g/d, 26.79-62.50 g/d, >62.5 g/d). According to our results, comparing with the low daily egg consumption group, medium and high egg intake tertiles were related with increased high-TC (ORmedium = 1.546, 95%CI (1.417,1.688); ORhigh = 1.902,95%CI (1.703, 2.124)), high LDL-C (ORmedium = 1.224, 95%CI (1.121, 1.337); ORhigh = 1.368,95%CI (1.220, 1.534)) and non-HDL-C(ORmedium = 1.486,95%CI(1.358,1.625); ORhigh = 1.715,95%CI (1.499, 1.888)), as well as inversely associated with high-TG (ORmedium = 0.825, 95% CI(0.778, 0.875); ORhigh = 0.778,95%CI(0.718,0.844)) and low HDL-C (ORmedium = 0.914, 95%CI (0.858, 0.973); ORhigh = 0.756,95%CI(0.693,0.825)). Moreover, mediation analysis showed that both of BMI and WC partly mediated the relationship between daily egg intake and HDL-C. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that the daily egg intake may have a role in effect on lipid profiles, and the effect of daily egg intake on HDL-C may be partly mediated by BMI and WC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Dou Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Bingya Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Fang Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Songcheng Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gene-Environment Interplay Between Physical Exercise and Fitness and Depression Symptomatology. Behav Genet 2020; 50:346-362. [PMID: 32797342 PMCID: PMC7441057 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-020-10009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies often report beneficial effects of physical exercise on depression symptomatology, both in clinical and community samples. In clinical samples, effects are observed using physical exercise as primary treatment and supplement to antidepressant medications and/or psychotherapies. Magnitudes vary with sample characteristics, exercise measure, and study rigor. Both propensity to exercise and vulnerability to depression show genetic influences, suggesting gene–environment interplay. We investigated this in a Danish Twin Registry-based community sample who completed a cycle fitness test and detailed assessments of depression symptomatology and regular exercise engagement that enabled estimates of typical total, intentional exercise-specific, and other metabolic equivalent (MET) expenditures. All exercise-related measures correlated negatively with depression symptomatology (− .07 to − .19). Genetic variance was lower at higher levels of cycle fitness, with genetic and shared environmental correlations of − .50 and 1.0, respectively. Nonshared environmental variance in depression was lower at higher levels of total MET, with no indications of genetic or environmental covariance. Being physically active and/or fit tended to prevent depression, apparently because fewer participants with higher levels of activity and fitness reported high depression symptomatology. This was driven by nonshared environmental influences on activity but genetic influences on physical fitness. Genetic correlation suggested people less genetically inclined toward physical fitness may also be genetically vulnerable to depression, possibly because inertia impedes activity but also possibly due to social pressures to be fit. Exercise programs for general well-being should emphasize participation, not performance level or fitness. We discuss possible interrelations between fitness aptitude and metabolism.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes, which is caused by both genetic and environmental factors, may be diagnosed using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Recent studies demonstrated specific patterns in glucose curves during OGTT associated with cardiometabolic risk profiles. As the relative contribution of genetic and environmental influences on glucose curve patterns is unknown, we aimed to investigate the heritability of these patterns. We studied twins from the Danish GEMINAKAR cohort aged 18-67 years and free from diabetes at baseline during 1997-2000; glucose concentrations were measured three times during a 2-h OGTT. Heterogeneity of the glucose response during OGTT was examined with latent class mixed-effects models, evaluating goodness of fit by Bayes information criterion. The genetic influence on curve patterns was estimated using quantitative genetic modeling based on linear structural equations. Overall, 1455 twins (41% monozygotic) had valid glucose concentrations measured from the OGTT, and four latent classes with different glucose response patterns were identified. Statistical modeling demonstrated genetic influence for belonging to a specific class or not, with heritability estimated to be between 45% and 67%. During ∼12 years of follow-up, the four classes were each associated with different incidence of type 2 diabetes. Hence, glucose response curve patterns associated with type 2 diabetes risk appear to be moderately to highly heritable.
Collapse
|
15
|
Cadby G, Melton PE, McCarthy NS, Giles C, Mellett NA, Huynh K, Hung J, Beilby J, Dubé MP, Watts GF, Blangero J, Meikle PJ, Moses EK. Heritability of 596 lipid species and genetic correlation with cardiovascular traits in the Busselton Family Heart Study. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:537-545. [PMID: 32060071 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide, and genetic investigations into the human lipidome may provide insight into CVD risk. The aim of this study was to estimate the heritability of circulating lipid species and their genetic correlation with CVD traits. Targeted lipidomic profiling was performed on 4,492 participants from the Busselton Family Heart Study to quantify the major fatty acids of 596 lipid species from 33 classes. We estimated narrow-sense heritabilities of lipid species/classes and their genetic correlations with eight CVD traits: BMI, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, total cholesterol, waist-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. We report heritabilities and genetic correlations of new lipid species/subclasses, including acylcarnitine (AC), ubiquinone, sulfatide, and oxidized cholesteryl esters. Over 99% of lipid species were significantly heritable (h2: 0.06-0.50) and all lipid classes were significantly heritable (h2: 0.14-0.50). The monohexosylceramide and AC classes had the highest median heritabilities (h2 = 0.43). The largest genetic correlation was between clinical triglycerides and total diacylglycerol (rg = 0.88). We observed novel positive genetic correlations between clinical triglycerides and phosphatidylglycerol species (rg: 0.64-0.82), and HDL-C and alkenylphosphatidylcholine species (rg: 0.45-0.74). Overall, 51% of the 4,768 lipid species-CVD trait genetic correlations were statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. This is the largest lipidomic study to address the heritability of lipids and their genetic correlation with CVD traits. Future work includes identifying putative causal genetic variants for lipid species and CVD using genome-wide SNP and whole-genome sequencing data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Cadby
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia .,Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Phillip E Melton
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Nina S McCarthy
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Corey Giles
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Natalie A Mellett
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joseph Hung
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nedlands, Australia
| | - John Beilby
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute Inc., Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Busselton, Australia.,PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Perth, Australia
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubé
- Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gerald F Watts
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,Lipid Disorders Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eric K Moses
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The Danish Twin Registry (DTR) was established in the 1950s, when twins born from 1870 to 1910 were ascertained, and has since been extended to include twins from birth cohorts until 2009. The DTR currently comprises of more than 175,000 twins from the 140 birth cohorts. This makes the DTR the oldest nationwide twin register and among the largest in the world. The combination of data from several surveys, including biological samples and repeated measurements on the same individuals, and data from Danish national registers provides a unique resource for a wide range of twin studies. This article provides an updated overview of the data in the DTR: First, we provide a summary of the establishment of the register, the different ascertainment methods and the twins included; then follows an overview of major surveys conducted in the DTR since 1994 and a description of the DTR biobank, including a description of the molecular data created so far; finally, a short description is given of the linkage to Danish national registers at Statistics Denmark and some recent examples of studies using the various data resources in the DTR are highlighted.
Collapse
|
17
|
Bermingham KM, Brennan L, Segurado R, Barron RE, Gibney ER, Ryan MF, Gibney MJ, O’Sullivan AM. Exploring Covariation between Traditional Markers of Metabolic Health and the Plasma Metabolomic Profile: A Classic Twin Design. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2613-2623. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate M. Bermingham
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ricardo Segurado
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rebecca E. Barron
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Miriam F. Ryan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael J. Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aifric M. O’Sullivan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pleiotropy of cardiometabolic syndrome with obesity-related anthropometric traits determined using empirically derived kinships from the Busselton Health Study. Hum Genet 2017; 137:45-53. [PMID: 29181734 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1856-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over two billion adults are overweight or obese and therefore at an increased risk of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). Obesity-related anthropometric traits genetically correlated with CMS may provide insight into CMS aetiology. The aim of this study was to utilise an empirically derived genetic relatedness matrix to calculate heritabilities and genetic correlations between CMS and anthropometric traits to determine whether they share genetic risk factors (pleiotropy). We used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data on 4671 Busselton Health Study participants. Exploiting both known and unknown relatedness, empirical kinship probabilities were estimated using these SNP data. General linear mixed models implemented in SOLAR were used to estimate narrow-sense heritabilities (h 2) and genetic correlations (r g) between 15 anthropometric and 9 CMS traits. Anthropometric traits were adjusted by body mass index (BMI) to determine whether the observed genetic correlation was independent of obesity. After adjustment for multiple testing, all CMS and anthropometric traits were significantly heritable (h 2 range 0.18-0.57). We identified 50 significant genetic correlations (r g range: - 0.37 to 0.75) between CMS and anthropometric traits. Five genetic correlations remained significant after adjustment for BMI [high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and waist-hip ratio; triglycerides and waist-hip ratio; triglycerides and waist-height ratio; non-HDL-C and waist-height ratio; insulin and iliac skinfold thickness]. This study provides evidence for the presence of potentially pleiotropic genes that affect both anthropometric and CMS traits, independently of obesity.
Collapse
|
19
|
Silventoinen K, Gouveia É, Jelenkovic A, Maia J, Antunes AM, Pinheiro de Carvalho MAA, Brehm AM, Thomis M, Lefevre J, Kaprio J, Freitas D. The Genetic Background of Metabolic Trait Clusters in Children and Adolescents. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2017; 15:329-336. [PMID: 28727943 DOI: 10.1089/met.2017.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karri Silventoinen
- Population Research Unit, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Élvio Gouveia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aline Jelenkovic
- Population Research Unit, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - José Maia
- Faculty of Sport, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António M. Antunes
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | | | - António M. Brehm
- Human Genetics Laboratory, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Martine Thomis
- Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Lefevre
- Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Duarte Freitas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jukarainen S, Holst R, Dalgård C, Piirilä P, Lundbom J, Hakkarainen A, Lundbom N, Rissanen A, Kaprio J, Kyvik KO, Sørensen TIA, Pietiläinen KH. Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Adiposity as Determinants of Metabolic Health-Pooled Analysis of Two Twin Cohorts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:1520-1528. [PMID: 28324016 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The joint effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition on metabolic health are not well known. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of CRF, fat-free mass index (FFMI), and fat mass index (FMI) with metabolic health in individual twins and controlling for genetic and shared environmental effects by studying monozygotic intrapair differences. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Two cross-sectional samples of healthy adult monozygotic and dizygotic twins were drawn from population-based Danish and Finnish national twin registries (n = 996 and n = 309). MAIN MEASURES CRF was defined as VO2max divided by fat-free mass. Insulin sensitivity and acute insulin response indices were derived from an oral glucose tolerance test. A continuous metabolic syndrome score was calculated. Visceral and liver fat were measured in the Finnish sample. Associations were analyzed separately in both cohorts with multivariate linear regression and aggregated with meta-analytic methods. RESULTS Insulin sensitivity, acute insulin response, metabolic syndrome score, visceral, and liver fat amount had strong and statistically significant associations with FMI (|β| 0.53 to 0.79), whereas their associations with CRF and FFMI were at most weak (|β| 0.02 to 0.15). The results of the monozygotic intrapair differences analysis showed the same pattern. CONCLUSIONS Although FMI is strongly associated with worsening of metabolic health traits, even after controlling for genetic and shared environmental factors, there was little evidence for the effects of CRF or FFMI on metabolic health. This suggests that changing FMI rather than CRF or FFMI may affect metabolic health irrespective of genetic or early environmental determinants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakari Jukarainen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - René Holst
- Institute of Regional Health Service Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0313 Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Dalgård
- Department of Public Health - Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Päivi Piirilä
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Meilahti Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jesper Lundbom
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Antti Hakkarainen
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Lundbom
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aila Rissanen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00300 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsten Ohm Kyvik
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5200 Odense, Denmark
- Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (formerly Institute of Preventive Medicine), Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Silventoinen K, Hjelmborg J, Möller S, Ripatti S, Skythe A, Tikkanen E, Pedersen NL, Magnusson PKE, Christensen K, Kaprio J. Family aggregation of cardiovascular disease mortality: a register-based prospective study of pooled Nordic twin cohorts. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:1223-1229. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karri Silventoinen
- Population Research Unit, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jacob Hjelmborg
- Epidemiology, Biostatististics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Sören Möller
- Epidemiology, Biostatististics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
- OPEN—Odense Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Welcome Trust Sanger Institute, UK
| | - Axel Skythe
- Epidemiology, Biostatististics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Emmi Tikkanen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik KE Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology, Biostatististics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li S, Kyvik KO, Duan H, Zhang D, Pang Z, Hjelmborg J, Tan Q, Kruse T, Dalgård C. Longitudinal Investigation into Genetics in the Conservation of Metabolic Phenotypes in Danish and Chinese Twins. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162805. [PMID: 27618179 PMCID: PMC5019416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal twin studies on long term conservation of individual metabolic phenotypes can help to explore the genetic and environmental basis in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and metabolic health. We performed a longitudinal twin study on 12 metabolic phenotypes from Danish twins followed up for 12 years and Chinese twins traced for 7 years. The study covered a relatively large sample of 502 pairs of Danish adult twins with a mean age at intake of 38 years and a total of 181 Chinese adult twin pairs with a mean baseline age of 39.5 years. Bivariate twin models were fitted to the longitudinal measurements taken at two time points (at baseline and follow-up) to estimate the genetic and environmental contributions to phenotype variation and correlation at and between the two time points. High genetic components in the regulation of intra-individual phenotype correlation or stability over time were estimated in both Danish (h2>0.75 except fasting blood glucose) and Chinese (h2>0.72 except blood pressure) twins; moderate to high genetic contribution to phenotype variation at the two time points were also estimated except for the low genetic regulation on glucose in Danish and on blood pressure in Chinese twins. Meanwhile the bivariate twin models estimated shared environmental contributions to the variance and covariance in fasting blood glucose in Danish twins, and in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in Chinese twins. Overall, our longitudinal twin study on long-term stability of metabolic phenotypes in Danish and Chinese twins identified a common pattern of high genetic control over phenotype conservation, and at the same time revealed population-specific patterns of genetic and common environmental regulation on the variance as well as covariance of glucose and blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Li
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Kirsten Ohm Kyvik
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, and Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Haiping Duan
- Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Zengchang Pang
- Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Jacob Hjelmborg
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Qihua Tan
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Torben Kruse
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christine Dalgård
- Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Verhulst S, Dalgård C, Labat C, Kark JD, Kimura M, Christensen K, Toupance S, Aviv A, Kyvik KO, Benetos A. A short leucocyte telomere length is associated with development of insulin resistance. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1258-65. [PMID: 27020448 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3915-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS A number of studies have shown that leucocyte telomere length (LTL) is inversely associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present longitudinal cohort study, utilising a twin design, was to assess whether shorter LTL predicts insulin resistance or is a consequence thereof. METHODS Participants were recruited between 1997 and 2000 through the population-based national Danish Twin Registry to participate in the GEMINAKAR study, a longitudinal evaluation of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular risk factors. Baseline and follow-up measurements of LTL and insulin resistance over an average of 12 years were performed in a subset of the Registry consisting of 338 (184 monozygotic and 154 dizygotic) same-sex twin pairs. RESULTS Age at baseline examination was 37.4 ± 9.6 (mean ± SD) years. Baseline insulin resistance was not associated with age-dependent changes in LTL (attrition) over the follow-up period, whereas baseline LTL was associated with changes in insulin resistance during this period. The shorter the LTL at baseline, the more pronounced was the increase in insulin resistance over the follow-up period (p < 0.001); this effect was additive to that of BMI. The co-twin with the shorter baseline LTL displayed higher insulin resistance at follow-up than the co-twin with the longer LTL. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings suggest that individuals with short LTL are more likely to develop insulin resistance later in life. By contrast, presence of insulin resistance does not accelerate LTL attrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Verhulst
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christine Dalgård
- Department of Public Health, Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carlos Labat
- INSERM, U1116, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Jeremy D Kark
- Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Masayuki Kimura
- Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Simon Toupance
- INSERM, U1116, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Abraham Aviv
- Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Kirsten O Kyvik
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Athanase Benetos
- INSERM, U1116, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
- Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
- Département de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU de Nancy, 54511, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bogl LH, Kaye SM, Rämö JT, Kangas AJ, Soininen P, Hakkarainen A, Lundbom J, Lundbom N, Ortega-Alonso A, Rissanen A, Ala-Korpela M, Kaprio J, Pietiläinen KH. Abdominal obesity and circulating metabolites: A twin study approach. Metabolism 2016; 65:111-21. [PMID: 26892522 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate how obesity, insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation link to circulating metabolites, and whether the connections are due to genetic or environmental factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Circulating serum metabolites were determined by proton NMR spectroscopy. Data from 1368 (531 monozygotic (MZ) and 837 dizygotic (DZ)) twins were used for bivariate twin modeling to derive the genetic (rg) and environmental (re) correlations between waist circumference (WC) and serum metabolites. Detailed examination of the associations between fat distribution (DEXA) and metabolic health (HOMA-IR, CRP) was performed among 286 twins including 33 BMI-discordant MZ pairs (intrapair BMI difference ≥3 kg/m(2)). RESULTS Fat, especially in the abdominal area (i.e. WC, android fat % and android to gynoid fat ratio), together with HOMA-IR and CRP correlated significantly with an atherogenic lipoprotein profile, higher levels of branched-chain (BCAA) and aromatic amino acids, higher levels of glycoprotein, and a more saturated fatty acid profile. In contrast, a higher proportion of gynoid to total fat associated with a favorable metabolite profile. There was a significant genetic overlap between WC and several metabolites, most strongly with phenylalanine (rg=0.40), glycoprotein (rg=0.37), serum triglycerides (rg=0.36), BCAAs (rg=0.30-0.40), HDL particle diameter (rg=-0.33) and HDL cholesterol (rg=-0.30). The effect of acquired obesity within the discordant MZ pairs was particularly strong for atherogenic lipoproteins. CONCLUSIONS A wide range of unfavorable alterations in the serum metabolome was associated with abdominal obesity, insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation. Twin modeling and obesity-discordant twin analysis suggest that these associations are partly explained by shared genes but also reflect mechanisms independent of genetic liability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonie H Bogl
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sanna M Kaye
- Obesity Research Unit, Research programs unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joel T Rämö
- Obesity Research Unit, Research programs unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti J Kangas
- Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pasi Soininen
- Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti Hakkarainen
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jesper Lundbom
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Lundbom
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Aila Rissanen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research programs unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Computational Medicine, School of Social and Community Medicine and the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research programs unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li S, Kyvik KO, Pang Z, Zhang D, Duan H, Tan Q, Hjelmborg J, Kruse T, Dalgård C. Genetic and Environmental Regulation on Longitudinal Change of Metabolic Phenotypes in Danish and Chinese Adult Twins. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148396. [PMID: 26862898 PMCID: PMC4749287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rate of change in metabolic phenotypes can be highly indicative of metabolic disorders and disorder-related modifications. We analyzed data from longitudinal twin studies on multiple metabolic phenotypes in Danish and Chinese twins representing two populations of distinct ethnic, cultural, social-economic backgrounds and geographical environments. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study covered a relatively large sample of 502 pairs of Danish adult twins followed up for a long period of 12 years with a mean age at intake of 38 years (range: 18-65) and a total of 181 Chinese adult twin pairs traced for about 7 years with a mean baseline age of 39.5 years (range: 23-64). The classical twin models were fitted to the longitudinal change in each phenotype (Δphenotype) to estimate the genetic and environmental contributions to the variation in Δphenotype. RESULTS Moderate to high contributions by the unique environment were estimated for all phenotypes in both Danish (from 0.51 for low density lipoprotein cholesterol up to 0.72 for triglycerides) and Chinese (from 0.41 for triglycerides up to 0.73 for diastolic blood pressure) twins; low to moderate genetic components were estimated for long-term change in most of the phenotypes in Danish twins except for triglycerides and hip circumference. Compared with Danish twins, the Chinese twins tended to have higher genetic control over the longitudinal changes in lipids (except high density lipoprotein cholesterol) and glucose, higher unique environmental contribution to blood pressure but no genetic contribution to longitudinal change in body mass traits. CONCLUSION Our results emphasize the major contribution of unique environment to the observed intra-individual variation in all metabolic phenotypes in both samples, and meanwhile reveal differential patterns of genetic and common environmental regulation on changes over time in metabolic phenotypes across the two samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Li
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Kirsten Ohm Kyvik
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, and Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zengchang Pang
- Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiping Duan
- Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Qihua Tan
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jacob Hjelmborg
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Torben Kruse
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christine Dalgård
- Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Panizzon M, Hauger RL, Sailors M, Lyons MJ, Jacobson KC, Murray RE, Rana B, Vasilopoulos T, Vuoksimaa E, Xian H, Kremen WS, Franz CE. A new look at the genetic and environmental coherence of metabolic syndrome components. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:2499-507. [PMID: 26524476 PMCID: PMC4701648 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome, a clustering of risk factors including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, central obesity, and hypertension, increases risk for cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline. The etiology of the risk factors' cohesion remains unclear. How genetic and environmental influences explained co-occurrence of metabolic syndrome components was examined. METHODS Continuous measures of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure (BP), fasting insulin and glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and triglycerides from 1,193 middle-aged twin men participating in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging at average age 62 (range 56-67) were analyzed using multivariate biometrical modeling. RESULTS Four heritable factors were found: adiposity (BMI, waist circumference), insulin resistance (glucose, insulin), lipids (HDL, triglycerides), and BP (systolic, diastolic). Heritabilities were 0.42-0.68. In the best-fitting model, insulin resistance, lipids, and adiposity comprised a higher-order latent genetic factor. Adiposity and BP shared genetic influences independent of the latent genetic factor. All factors aggregated on a latent unique environmental factor. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic syndrome components form the equivalent of two genetic factors. BP was genetically unrelated to insulin resistance and lipids. Adiposity was the only characteristic genetically and environmentally related to all other factors. These results inform strategies for gene discovery and prediction of health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Richard L. Hauger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, USA
| | - Megan Sailors
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Michael J. Lyons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen C. Jacobson
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ruth E. Murray
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brinda Rana
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Terrie Vasilopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eero Vuoksimaa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
- University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hong Xian
- Department of Public Health, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William S. Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, USA
| | - Carol E. Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liao C, Gao W, Cao W, Lv J, Yu C, Wang S, Zhou B, Pang Z, Cong L, Wang H, Wu X, Li L. Associations of Body Composition Measurements with Serum Lipid, Glucose and Insulin Profile: A Chinese Twin Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140595. [PMID: 26556598 PMCID: PMC4640552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantitate and compare the associations of various body composition measurements with serum metabolites and to what degree genetic or environmental factors affect obesity-metabolite relation. METHODS Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), lean body mass (LBM), percent body fat (PBF), fasting serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), glucose, insulin and lifestyle factors were assessed in 903 twins from Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated from fasting serum glucose and insulin. Linear regression models and bivariate structural equation models were used to examine the relation of various body composition measurements with serum metabolite levels and genetic/environmental influences on these associations, respectively. RESULTS At individual level, adiposity measurements (BMI, WC and PBF) showed significant associations with serum metabolite concentrations in both sexes and the associations still existed in male twins when using within-MZ twin pair comparison analyses. Associations of BMI with TG, insulin and HOMA-IR were significantly stronger in male twins compared to female twins (BMI-by-sex interaction p = 0.043, 0.020 and 0.019, respectively). Comparison of various adiposity measurements with levels of serum metabolites revealed that WC explained the largest fraction of variance in serum LDL-C, TG, TC and glucose concentrations while BMI performed best in explaining variance in serum HDL-C, insulin and HOMA-IR levels. Of these phenotypic correlations, 64-81% were attributed to genetic factors, whereas 19-36% were attributed to unique environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS We observed different associations between adiposity and serum metabolite profile and demonstrated that WC and BMI explained the largest fraction of variance in serum lipid profile and insulin resistance, respectively. To a large degree, shared genetic factors contributed to these associations with the remaining explained by twin-specific environmental factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (LML); (WJG)
| | - Weihua Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengfeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zengchang Pang
- Qingdao Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Liming Cong
- Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianping Wu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (LML); (WJG)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dalgård C, Benetos A, Verhulst S, Labat C, Kark JD, Christensen K, Kimura M, Kyvik KO, Aviv A. Leukocyte telomere length dynamics in women and men: menopause vs age effects. Int J Epidemiol 2015; 44:1688-95. [PMID: 26385867 PMCID: PMC4681111 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A longer leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in women than men has been attributed to a slow rate of LTL attrition in women, perhaps due to high estrogen exposure during the premenopausal period. Methods: To test this premise we performed a longitudinal study (an average follow-up of 12 years) in a subset of the population-based Danish National Twin Registry. Participants consisted of 405 women, aged 37.5 (range 18.0–64.3) years, and 329 men, aged 38.8 (range 18.0–58.5) years, at baseline examination. Results: Women showed a longer LTL [kb ± standard error(SE)] than men (baseline: 7.01 ± 0.03 vs 6.87 ± 0.04; follow-up: 6.79 ± 0.03 vs 6.65 ± 0.03; both P = 0.005). Women displayed deceleration of LTL attrition (bp/years ± SE), as they transitioned from the premenopausal period (20.6 ± 1.0) through the perimenopausal period (16.5 ± 1.3) to the postmenopausal period (15.1 ± 1.7). Age was not associated with LTL attrition in women after statistical control for menopausal status. Men, in contrast, displayed a trend for age-dependent increase in the rate of LTL attrition, which differed significantly from the pattern in women (P for interaction = 0.01). Conclusions: Results indicate that the premenopausal period is expressed in a higher rate of LTL attrition than the postmenopausal period. They further suggest that the sex gap in LTL stems from earlier ages—the period of growth and development. The higher rate of LTL attrition in premenopausal women, we propose, might relate to estrogen-mediated increased turnover of erythrocytes, menstrual bleeding or both.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Dalgård
- Department of Public Health - Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Athanase Benetos
- Département de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France, INSERM, U1116, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy F54000, Nancy, France, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Simon Verhulst
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Labat
- INSERM, U1116, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy F54000, Nancy, France, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Jeremy D Kark
- Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Masayuki Kimura
- Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA and
| | - Kirsten Ohm Kyvik
- Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, and Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abraham Aviv
- Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA and
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zygosity Differences in Height and Body Mass Index of Twins From Infancy to Old Age: A Study of the CODATwins Project. Twin Res Hum Genet 2015; 18:557-70. [PMID: 26337138 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2015.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A trend toward greater body size in dizygotic (DZ) than in monozygotic (MZ) twins has been suggested by some but not all studies, and this difference may also vary by age. We analyzed zygosity differences in mean values and variances of height and body mass index (BMI) among male and female twins from infancy to old age. Data were derived from an international database of 54 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), and included 842,951 height and BMI measurements from twins aged 1 to 102 years. The results showed that DZ twins were consistently taller than MZ twins, with differences of up to 2.0 cm in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.9 cm in adulthood. Similarly, a greater mean BMI of up to 0.3 kg/m2 in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.2 kg/m2 in adulthood was observed in DZ twins, although the pattern was less consistent. DZ twins presented up to 1.7% greater height and 1.9% greater BMI than MZ twins; these percentage differences were largest in middle and late childhood and decreased with age in both sexes. The variance of height was similar in MZ and DZ twins at most ages. In contrast, the variance of BMI was significantly higher in DZ than in MZ twins, particularly in childhood. In conclusion, DZ twins were generally taller and had greater BMI than MZ twins, but the differences decreased with age in both sexes.
Collapse
|
30
|
McCue ME, Geor RJ, Schultz N. Equine Metabolic Syndrome: A Complex Disease Influenced by Genetics and the Environment. J Equine Vet Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
31
|
Zimmermann E, Ängquist LH, Mirza SS, Zhao JH, Chasman DI, Fischer K, Qi Q, Smith AV, Thinggaard M, Jarczok MN, Nalls MA, Trompet S, Timpson NJ, Schmidt B, Jackson AU, Lyytikäinen LP, Verweij N, Mueller-Nurasyid M, Vikström M, Marques-Vidal P, Wong A, Meidtner K, Middelberg RP, Strawbridge RJ, Christiansen L, Kyvik KO, Hamsten A, Jääskeläinen T, Tjønneland A, Eriksson JG, Whitfield JB, Boeing H, Hardy R, Vollenweider P, Leander K, Peters A, van der Harst P, Kumari M, Lehtimäki T, Meirhaeghe A, Tuomilehto J, Jöckel KH, Ben-Shlomo Y, Sattar N, Baumeister SE, Smith GD, Casas JP, Houston DK, März W, Christensen K, Gudnason V, Hu FB, Metspalu A, Ridker PM, Wareham NJ, Loos RJF, Tiemeier H, Sonestedt E, Sørensen TIA. Is the adiposity-associated FTO gene variant related to all-cause mortality independent of adiposity? Meta-analysis of data from 169,551 Caucasian adults. Obes Rev 2015; 16:327-340. [PMID: 25752329 PMCID: PMC4564522 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previously, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs9939609, in the FTO gene showed a much stronger association with all-cause mortality than expected from its association with body mass index (BMI), body fat mass index (FMI) and waist circumference (WC). This finding implies that the SNP has strong pleiotropic effects on adiposity and adiposity-independent pathological pathways that leads to increased mortality. To investigate this further, we conducted a meta-analysis of similar data from 34 longitudinal studies including 169,551 adult Caucasians among whom 27,100 died during follow-up. Linear regression showed that the minor allele of the FTO SNP was associated with greater BMI (n = 169,551; 0.32 kg m(-2) ; 95% CI 0.28-0.32, P < 1 × 10(-32) ), WC (n = 152,631; 0.76 cm; 0.68-0.84, P < 1 × 10(-32) ) and FMI (n = 48,192; 0.17 kg m(-2) ; 0.13-0.22, P = 1.0 × 10(-13) ). Cox proportional hazard regression analyses for mortality showed that the hazards ratio (HR) for the minor allele of the FTO SNPs was 1.02 (1.00-1.04, P = 0.097), but the apparent excess risk was eliminated after adjustment for BMI and WC (HR: 1.00; 0.98-1.03, P = 0.662) and for FMI (HR: 1.00; 0.96-1.04, P = 0.932). In conclusion, this study does not support that the FTO SNP is associated with all-cause mortality independently of the adiposity phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Zimmermann
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L H Ängquist
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S S Mirza
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J H Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Q Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - A V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Icelandic, Reykajvik, Iceland
| | - M Thinggaard
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - M N Jarczok
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - S Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - N J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - B Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - A U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - L P Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - N Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Mueller-Nurasyid
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - M Vikström
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Marques-Vidal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - K Meidtner
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - R P Middelberg
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - R J Strawbridge
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Christiansen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - K O Kyvik
- Institute of Regional Health Services Research and Odense Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - A Hamsten
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Jääskeläinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J G Eriksson
- Diabetes Prevention Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - H Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - R Hardy
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - P Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Leander
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Peters
- Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - P van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetic, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Neterlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
- ISER, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - T Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - A Meirhaeghe
- Inserm, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - J Tuomilehto
- Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Universario LaPaz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - K-H Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Y Ben-Shlomo
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - N Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow, UK
| | - S E Baumeister
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - G Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J P Casas
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - D K Houston
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - W März
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - K Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - V Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Icelandic, Reykajvik, Iceland
| | - F B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - P M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - N J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R J F Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - H Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - T I A Sørensen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hjelmborg JB, Dalgård C, Möller S, Steenstrup T, Kimura M, Christensen K, Kyvik KO, Aviv A. The heritability of leucocyte telomere length dynamics. J Med Genet 2015; 52:297-302. [PMID: 25770094 PMCID: PMC4413805 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Leucocyte telomere length (LTL) is a complex trait associated with ageing and longevity. LTL dynamics are defined by LTL and its age-dependent attrition. Strong, but indirect evidence suggests that LTL at birth and its attrition during childhood largely explains interindividual LTL variation among adults. A number of studies have estimated the heritability of LTL, but none has assessed the heritability of age-dependent LTL attrition. Methods We examined the heritability of LTL dynamics based on a longitudinal evaluation (an average follow-up of 12 years) in 355 monozygotic and 297 dizygotic same-sex twins (aged 19–64 years at baseline). Results Heritability of LTL at baseline was estimated at 64% (95% CI 39% to 83%) with 22% (95% CI 6% to 49%) of shared environmental effects. Heritability of age-dependent LTL attrition rate was estimated at 28% (95% CI 16% to 44%). Individually unique environmental factors, estimated at 72% (95% CI 56% to 84%) affected LTL attrition rate with no indication of shared environmental effects. Conclusions This is the first study that estimated heritability of LTL and also its age-dependent attrition. As LTL attrition is much slower in adults than in children and given that having a long or a short LTL is largely determined before adulthood, our findings suggest that heritability and early life environment are the main determinants of LTL throughout the human life course. Thus, insights into factors that influence LTL at birth and its dynamics during childhood are crucial for understanding the role of telomere genetics in human ageing and longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob B Hjelmborg
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christine Dalgård
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Soren Möller
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Troels Steenstrup
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Masayuki Kimura
- Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kirsten O Kyvik
- Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abraham Aviv
- Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mangino M, Christiansen L, Stone R, Hunt SC, Horvath K, Eisenberg DTA, Kimura M, Petersen I, Kark JD, Herbig U, Reiner AP, Benetos A, Codd V, Nyholt DR, Sinnreich R, Christensen K, Nassar H, Hwang SJ, Levy D, Bataille V, Fitzpatrick AL, Chen W, Berenson GS, Samani NJ, Martin NG, Tishkoff S, Schork NJ, Kyvik KO, Dalgård C, Spector TD, Aviv A. DCAF4, a novel gene associated with leucocyte telomere length. J Med Genet 2015; 52:157-62. [PMID: 25624462 PMCID: PMC4345921 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucocyte telomere length (LTL), which is fashioned by multiple genes, has been linked to a host of human diseases, including sporadic melanoma. A number of genes associated with LTL have already been identified through genome-wide association studies. The main aim of this study was to establish whether DCAF4 (DDB1 and CUL4-associated factor 4) is associated with LTL. In addition, using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), we examined whether LTL-associated genes in the general population might partially explain the inherently longer LTL in patients with sporadic melanoma, the risk for which is increased with ultraviolet radiation (UVR). RESULTS Genome-wide association (GWA) meta-analysis and de novo genotyping of 20 022 individuals revealed a novel association (p=6.4×10(-10)) between LTL and rs2535913, which lies within DCAF4. Notably, eQTL analysis showed that rs2535913 is associated with decline in DCAF4 expressions in both lymphoblastoid cells and sun-exposed skin (p=4.1×10(-3) and 2×10(-3), respectively). Moreover, IPA revealed that LTL-associated genes, derived from GWA meta-analysis (N=9190), are over-represented among genes engaged in melanoma pathways. Meeting increasingly stringent p value thresholds (p<0.05, <0.01, <0.005, <0.001) in the LTL-GWA meta-analysis, these genes were jointly over-represented for melanoma at p values ranging from 1.97×10(-169) to 3.42×10(-24). CONCLUSIONS We uncovered a new locus associated with LTL in the general population. We also provided preliminary findings that suggest a link of LTL through genetic mechanisms with UVR and melanoma in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lene Christiansen
- Epidemiology Unit, The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Department of Clinical Genetics, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rivka Stone
- Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Cardiovascular Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kent Horvath
- Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dan T A Eisenberg
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Masayuki Kimura
- Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Inge Petersen
- Epidemiology Unit, The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jeremy D Kark
- Epidemiology Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Utz Herbig
- Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alex P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Athanase Benetos
- Department of Geriatrics, Universite de Lorraine INSERM U961, Nancy, France
| | - Veryan Codd
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ronit Sinnreich
- Epidemiology Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology Unit, The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Department of Clinical Genetics, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hisham Nassar
- Department of Cardiology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Veronique Bataille
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK Department of Dermatology, West Herts NHS Trust, Herts, UK
| | | | - Wei Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Gerald S Berenson
- Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Sarah Tishkoff
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas J Schork
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kirsten Ohm Kyvik
- Epidemiology Unit, The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christine Dalgård
- Institute of Public Health, Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Abraham Aviv
- Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Johnson W, de Ruiter I, Kyvik KO, Murray AL, Sørensen TIA. Genetic and Environmental Transactions Underlying the Association Between Physical Fitness/Physical Exercise and Body Composition. Behav Genet 2014; 45:84-105. [DOI: 10.1007/s10519-014-9690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
35
|
Heiss G, Snyder ML, Teng Y, Schneiderman N, Llabre MM, Cowie C, Carnethon M, Kaplan R, Giachello A, Gallo L, Loehr L, Avilés-Santa L. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Hispanics/Latinos of diverse background: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:2391-9. [PMID: 25061141 PMCID: PMC4113166 DOI: 10.2337/dc13-2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Approximately one-third of the adult U.S. population has the metabolic syndrome. Its prevalence is the highest among Hispanic adults, but variation by Hispanic/Latino background is unknown. Our objective was to quantify the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among men and women 18-74 years of age of diverse Hispanic/Latino background. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Two-stage area probability sample of households in four U.S. locales, yielding 16,319 adults (52% women) who self-identified as Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Central American, or South American. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 2009 Joint Scientific Statement. The main outcome measures were age-standardized prevalence of the metabolic syndrome per the harmonized American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute definition and its component abnormalities. RESULTS The metabolic syndrome was present in 36% of women and 34% of men. Differences in the age-standardized prevalence were seen by age, sex, and Hispanic/Latino background. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among those 18-44, 45-64, and 65-74 years of age was 23%, 50%, and 62%, respectively, among women; and 25%, 43%, and 55%, respectively, among men. Among women, the metabolic syndrome prevalence ranged from 27% in South Americans to 41% in Puerto Ricans. Among men, prevalences ranged from 27% in South Americans to 35% in Cubans. In those with the metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity was present in 96% of the women compared with 73% of the men; more men (73%) than women (62%) had hyperglycemia. CONCLUSIONS The burden of cardiometabolic abnormalities is high in Hispanic/Latinos but varies by age, sex, and Hispanic/Latino background. Hispanics/Latinos are thus at increased, but modifiable, predicted lifetime risk of diabetes and its cardiovascular sequelae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michelle L Snyder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Yanping Teng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Neil Schneiderman
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Medicine Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Maria M Llabre
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Medicine Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Catherine Cowie
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mercedes Carnethon
- Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Aida Giachello
- Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Linda Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Laura Loehr
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Larissa Avilés-Santa
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Munk HL, Svendsen AJ, Hjelmborg JVB, Sorensen GL, Kyvik KO, Junker P. Heritability assessment of cartilage metabolism. A twin study on circulating procollagen IIA N-terminal propeptide (PIIANP). Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:1142-7. [PMID: 25008205 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this investigation was to estimate the heritability of circulating collagen IIA N-terminal propeptide (PIIANP) by studying mono- and dizygotic healthy twin pairs at different age and both genders. DESIGN 598 monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin individuals aged 18-59 years were recruited from the Danish Twin Registry. PIIANP was measured by competitive ELISA. The similarity of circulating PIIANP among MZ and DZ twins was assessed by intraclass correlations according to traits. The heritability was estimated by variance component analysis accounting for additive and dominant genetic factors as well as shared and non-shared environment but ignoring epistasis (genetic inter-locus interaction) and gene-environment interaction. RESULTS The intraclass correlation of PIIANP in MZ and DZ twins was 0.69 (0.60-0.76) and 0.46 (0.34-0.58) respectively indicating a significant genetic impact on PIIANP in serum. Additive genetic effects explained 45% (21-70%), shared environment 24% (7-53%) and non-shared environment 31% (24-39%) of the total variance. The heritability estimate did not differ across ages and between genders. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that approximately 45% of the collagen IIA synthesis as assessed by the collagen IIA N-terminal propeptide in serum is attributable to genetic effectors while individual and shared environment account for 24% and 31% respectively. The heritability does not differ between genders or according to age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H L Munk
- Department of Rheumatology C, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
| | - A J Svendsen
- The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, Denmark; University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
| | - J v B Hjelmborg
- Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Public Health, Denmark; University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
| | - G L Sorensen
- Institute for molecular Medicine, Denmark; University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
| | - K O Kyvik
- Institute of Regional Health Services Research, Denmark; University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
| | - P Junker
- Department of Rheumatology C, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Benetos A, Dalgård C, Labat C, Kark JD, Verhulst S, Christensen K, Kimura M, Horvath K, Kyvik KO, Aviv A. Sex difference in leukocyte telomere length is ablated in opposite-sex co-twins. Int J Epidemiol 2014; 43:1799-805. [PMID: 25056338 PMCID: PMC4276058 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In eutherian mammals and in humans, the female fetus may be masculinized while sharing the intra-uterine environment with a male fetus. Telomere length (TL), as expressed in leukocytes, is heritable and is longer in women than in men. The main determinant of leukocyte TL (LTL) is LTL at birth. However, LTL is modified by age-dependent attrition. Methods: We studied LTL dynamics (LTL and its attrition) in adult same-sex (monozygotic, n = 268; dizygotic, n = 308) twins and opposite-sex (n = 144) twins. LTL was measured by Southern blots of the terminal restriction fragments. Results: We observed that in same-sex (both monozygotic and dizygotic) twins, as reported in singletons, LTL was longer in females than in males [estimate ± standard error (SE):163 ± 63 bp, P < 0.01]. However, in opposite-sex twins, female LTL was indistinguishable from that of males (−31 ± 52 bp, P = 0.6), whereas male LTL was not affected. Findings were similar when the comparison was restricted to opposite-sex and same-sex dizygotic twins (females relative to males: same-sex: 188 ± 90 bp, P < 0.05; other-sex: −32 ± 64 bp, P = 0.6). Conclusions: These findings are compatible with masculinization of the female fetus in opposite-sex twins. They suggest that the sex difference in LTL, seen in the general population, is largely determined in utero, perhaps by the intrauterine hormonal environment. Further studies in newborn twins are warranted to test this thesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanase Benetos
- Département de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France, INSERM, U1116, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel, Centre for Behaviour and Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, Center of Human Development and Aging, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA and Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark Département de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France, INSERM, U1116, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel, Centre for Behaviour and Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, Center of Human Development and Aging, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA and Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark Département de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France, INSERM, U1116, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France, Department of Environmental Medicine, Universi
| | - Christine Dalgård
- Département de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France, INSERM, U1116, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel, Centre for Behaviour and Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, Center of Human Development and Aging, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA and Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carlos Labat
- Département de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France, INSERM, U1116, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel, Centre for Behaviour and Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, Center of Human Development and Aging, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA and Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark Département de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France, INSERM, U1116, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel, Centre for Behaviour and Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, Center of Human Development and Aging, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA and Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jeremy D Kark
- Département de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France, INSERM, U1116, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel, Centre for Behaviour and Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, Center of Human Development and Aging, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA and Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Simon Verhulst
- Département de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France, INSERM, U1116, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel, Centre for Behaviour and Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, Center of Human Development and Aging, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA and Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Département de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France, INSERM, U1116, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel, Centre for Behaviour and Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, Center of Human Development and Aging, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA and Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark Département de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France, INSERM, U1116, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel, Centre for Behaviour and Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, Center of Human Development and Aging, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA and Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark Département de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France, INSERM, U1116, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France, Department of Environmental Medicine, Universi
| | - Masayuki Kimura
- Département de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France, INSERM, U1116, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel, Centre for Behaviour and Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, Center of Human Development and Aging, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA and Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kent Horvath
- Département de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France, INSERM, U1116, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel, Centre for Behaviour and Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, Center of Human Development and Aging, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA and Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Ohm Kyvik
- Département de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France, INSERM, U1116, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel, Centre for Behaviour and Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, Center of Human Development and Aging, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA and Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abraham Aviv
- Département de Médecine Gériatrique, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France, INSERM, U1116, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel, Centre for Behaviour and Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, Center of Human Development and Aging, State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA and Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mengel-From J, Thinggaard M, Dalgård C, Kyvik KO, Christensen K, Christiansen L. Mitochondrial DNA copy number in peripheral blood cells declines with age and is associated with general health among elderly. Hum Genet 2014; 133:1149-59. [PMID: 24902542 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of the mitochondria in disease, general health and aging has drawn much attention over the years. Several attempts have been made to describe how the numbers of mitochondria correlate with age, although with inconclusive results. In this study, the relative quantity of mitochondrial DNA compared to nuclear DNA, i.e. the mitochondrial DNA copy number, was measured by PCR technology and used as a proxy for the content of mitochondria copies. In 1,067 Danish twins and singletons (18-93 years of age), with the majority being elderly individuals, the estimated mean mitochondrial DNA copy number in peripheral blood cells was similar for those 18-48 years of age [mean relative mtDNA content: 61.0; 95 % CI (52.1; 69.9)], but declined by -0.54 mtDNA 95 % CI (-0.63; -0.45) every year for those older than approximately 50 years of age. However, the longitudinal, yearly decline within an individual was more than twice as steep as observed in the cross-sectional analysis [decline of mtDNA content: -1.27; 95 % CI (-1.71; -0.82)]. Subjects with low mitochondrial DNA copy number had poorer outcomes in terms of cognitive performance, physical strength, self-rated health, and higher all-cause mortality than subjects with high mitochondrial DNA copy number, also when age was controlled for. The copy number mortality association can contribute to the smaller decline in a cross-sectional sample of the population compared to the individual, longitudinal decline. This study suggests that high mitochondrial DNA copy number in blood is associated with better health and survival among elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Mengel-From
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Unit, The Danish Aging Research Center, The Danish Twin Registry, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9, 5000, Odense, Denmark,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Probing genetic overlap in the regulation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in Danish and Chinese twins. Hypertens Res 2014; 37:954-9. [PMID: 24830538 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2014.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although the phenotypic correlation between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is well known, the genetic basis for the correlation has rarely been investigated. The aim of this paper is to examine the genetic overlap between SBP and DBP by fitting bivariate models to Danish and Chinese twins and comparing ethnic differences between the two samples. Our estimates revealed a high proportion of additive genetic components shared by both SBP and DBP in Danish (0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65-0.75) and Chinese (0.62, 95% CI: 0.50-0.71) twins with no statistically significant ethnic differences. The estimated genetic component in phenotypic correlation could serve to guide molecular genetic studies searching for genetic variants that affect both SBP and DBP. The bivariate model also estimated genetic and environmental contributions to SBP and DBP separately, with an overall pattern of higher genetic regulation or heritability in Danish (0.72, 95% CI: 0.67-0.76 for SBP; 0.70, 95% CI: 0.65-0.75 for DBP) than in Chinese (0.54, 95% CI: 0.44-0.63 for SBP; 0.57, 95% CI: 0.47-0.65 for DBP) twins and a higher contribution from unique environmental factors in Chinese compared with Danish twins. The estimated contribution from unique environmental factors suggests that promoting healthy lifestyles may provide an efficient way of controlling high blood pressure, particularly in the Chinese population.
Collapse
|
40
|
Johansson SL, Tan Q, Holst R, Christiansen L, Hansen NCG, Hojland AT, Wulf-Johansson H, Schlosser A, Titlestad IL, Vestbo J, Holmskov U, Kyvik KO, Sorensen GL. Surfactant protein D is a candidate biomarker for subclinical tobacco smoke-induced lung damage. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L887-95. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00340.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in surfactant protein D (SP-D) is associated with lung function in tobacco smoke-induced chronic respiratory disease. We hypothesized that the same association exists in the general population and could be used to identify individuals sensitive to smoke-induced lung damage. The association between serum SP-D (sSP-D) and expiratory lung function was assessed in a cross-sectional design in a Danish twin population ( n = 1,512, 18–72 yr old). The adjusted heritability estimates for expiratory lung function, associations between SP-D gene ( SFTPD) single-nucleotide polymorphisms or haplotypes, and expiratory lung function were assessed using twin study methodology and mixed-effects models. Significant inverse associations were evident between sSP-D and the forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity in the presence of current tobacco smoking but not in nonsmokers. The two SFTPD single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs1923536 and rs721917, and haplotypes, including these single-nucleotide polymorphisms or rs2243539, were inversely associated with expiratory lung function in interaction with smoking. In conclusion, SP-D is phenotypically and genetically associated with lung function measures in interaction with tobacco smoking. The obtained data suggest sSP-D as a candidate biomarker in risk assessments for subclinical tobacco smoke-induced lung damage. The data and derived conclusion warrant confirmation in a longitudinal population following chronic obstructive pulmonary disease initiation and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qihua Tan
- The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, and
- Departments of 4Clinical Genetics and
| | - René Holst
- Institute of Regional Health Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, and
- Departments of 4Clinical Genetics and
| | | | - Allan T. Hojland
- The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, and
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Schlosser
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine,
| | | | | | - Uffe Holmskov
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine,
| | - Kirsten O. Kyvik
- Institute of Regional Health Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
A polymorphism of HMGA1 is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome and related components. Sci Rep 2014; 3:1491. [PMID: 23512162 PMCID: PMC3603272 DOI: 10.1038/srep01491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common disorder, where systemic insulin-resistance is associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. Identifying genetic traits influencing risk and progression of MetS is important. We and others previously reported a functional HMGA1 gene variant, rs146052672, predisposing to T2D. Here we investigated the association of rs146052672 variant with MetS and related components. In a case-control study from Italy and Turkey, increased risk of MetS was seen among carriers of the HMGA1 variant. In the larger Italian cohort, this variant positively correlated with BMI, hyperglycemia and insulin-resistance, and negatively correlated with serum HDL-cholesterol. Association between rs146052672 variant and MetS occurred independently of T2D, indicating that HMGA1 gene defects play a pathogenetic role in MetS and other insulin-resistance-related conditions. Overall, our results indicate that the rs146052672 variant represents an early predictive marker of MetS, as well as a predictive tool for therapy.
Collapse
|
42
|
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Study of Chinese Twin Children and Adolescents. Twin Res Hum Genet 2014; 17:72-9. [DOI: 10.1017/thg.2014.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the genetic and environmental contributions to metabolic cardiovascular risk factors and their mutual associations. Eight metabolic factors (body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and serum uric acid) were measured in 508 twin pairs aged 8–17 years from the Qingdao Twin Registry, China. Linear structural equation models were used to estimate the heritability of these traits, as well as the genetic and environmental correlations between them. Among boys, body mass index and uric acid showed consistently high heritability (0.49–0.81), whereas other traits showed moderate to high common environmental variance (0.37–0.73) in children (8–12 years) and adolescents (13–17 years) except total cholesterol. For girls, moderate to high heritability (0.39–0.75) were obtained for six metabolic traits in children, while only two traits showed high heritability and others mostly medium to large common environmental variance in adolescents. Genetic correlations between the traits were strong in both boys and girls in children (rg = 0.64–0.99 between body mass index and diastolic blood pressure; rg = 0.71–1.00 between body mass index and waist circumference), but decreased for adolescent girls (rg = 0.51 between body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio; rg = 0.55 between body mass index and uric acid; rg = 0.61 between body mass index and systolic blood pressure). The effect of genetic factors on most metabolic traits decreased from childhood to adolescence. Both common genetic and specific environmental factors influence the mutual associations among most of the metabolic traits.
Collapse
|
43
|
Svendsen AJ, Kyvik KO, Houen G, Nielsen C, Holst R, Skytthe A, Junker P. Newborn infant characteristics and risk of future rheumatoid arthritis: a twin-control study. Rheumatol Int 2013; 34:523-8. [PMID: 24190231 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-013-2886-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Low birth weight has been proposed as a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The twin-control study design provides an opportunity to investigate the significance of potential prenatal determinants for adult morbidity by accounting for maternal characteristics and early environmental and genetic factors. We investigated the association between birth weight and RA in a sample of 42 twin pairs discordant for rheumatoid arthritis in which valid information on birth weight, birth length, and order was available from midwife records. Difference plot and conditional logistic regression were used to investigate the relationship between RA and birth weight or birth order adjusting for birth length and sex. The intra-pairwise birth weight differences, i.e., RA twin minus co-twin, ranged from -750 to 1,100 g, mean 78 g (95 % CI -13 to 70), 146 g (95 % CI (-36 to 329) in monozygotic, 32 g (95 % CI -90 to 154) in dizygotic, same sex and 69 g (95 % CI -122 to 260) in dizygotic, opposite sex twin pairs. The odds ratio for birth weight as risk factor for RA was 1.00 (95 % CI 0.997-1.003) when adjusting for birth length, birth order, and sex, irrespective of ACPA status. The odds ratio for developing RA as first born twin was 2.33 (95 % CI 0.97-5.60) when adjusting for birth length, birth weight, and sex, irrespective of ACPA status. In this twin-control study, birth weight was not associated with the development of RA in adult life. Being born first may predispose to RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders J Svendsen
- The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B.Winsløwsvej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
de Chaves RN, Baxter-Jones A, Santos D, Gomes TN, dos Santos FK, de Souza MC, Diego VP, Maia J. Clustering of body composition, blood pressure and physical activity in Portuguese families. Ann Hum Biol 2013; 41:159-67. [PMID: 24111494 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2013.838303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purposes of this study were: (i) to identify familial resemblances in body fat, blood pressure (BP) and total physical activity (TPA); (ii) to estimate the magnitude of their genetic and environmental influences; and (iii) to investigate shared familial aggregation among these phenotypes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The sample comprised 260 nuclear families from Portugal. Body fat was assessed by bioelectrical impedance. BP was measured by an oscillometric device. TPA was estimated by the Baecke questionnaire. Familial correlation analyses were performed using Generalized Estimating Equations. Quantitative genetic modelling was used to estimate maximal heritability, genetic and environmental correlations. RESULTS Familial intra-trait correlations ranged from 0.15-0.38. Genetic and common environmental factors explained from 30%--44% of fat mass depots and BP and 24% of TPA. Genetic correlations were significant between BP and the fat mass traits (p < 0.05). Environmental correlations were statistically significant between diastolic BP and total body fat, trunk fat and arm fat (p < 0.05) and TPA and other phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest familial resemblance in the variation of body fat, BP and TPA, showing partial pleiotropic effects in the variation in body fat phenotypes and BP. TPA only shares common environmental influences with BP and body fat traits.
Collapse
|
45
|
Familial aggregation of metabolic syndrome indicators in Portuguese families. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:314823. [PMID: 24171163 PMCID: PMC3793391 DOI: 10.1155/2013/314823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims. Family studies are well suited to investigate the genetic architecture underlying the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The purposes of this paper were (i) to estimate heritabilities for each of the MetS indicators, and (ii) to test the significance of familial intratrait and cross-trait correlations in MetS markers. Methods and Results. This study included 1,363 individuals from 515 Portuguese families in which five MetS components, including waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and glucose (GLU), were measured. Intratrait and cross-trait familial correlations of these five components were estimated using Generalized Estimating Equations. Each MetS component was significantly heritable (h2 ranged from 0.12 to 0.60) and exhibited strong familial resemblance with correlations between biological relatives of similar magnitude to those observed between spouses. With respect to cross-trait correlations, familial resemblance was very weak except for the HDL-TG pair. Conclusions. The present findings confirm the idea of familial aggregation in MetS traits. Spousal correlations were, in general, of the same magnitude as the biological relatives' correlations suggesting that most of the phenotypic variance in MetS traits could be explained by shared environment.
Collapse
|
46
|
Li S, Duan H, Pang Z, Zhang D, Duan H, Hjelmborg JVB, Tan Q, Kruse TA, Kyvik KO. Heritability of eleven metabolic phenotypes in Danish and Chinese twins: a cross-population comparison. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:1908-14. [PMID: 23686756 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A twin-based comparative study on the genetic influences in metabolic endophenotypes in two populations of substantial ethnic, environmental, and cultural differences was performed. DESIGN AND METHODS Data on 11 metabolic phenotypes including anthropometric measures, blood glucose, and lipids levels as well as blood pressure were available from 756 pairs of Danish twins (309 monozygotic and 447 dizygotic twin pairs) with a mean age of 38 years (range: 18-67) and from 325 pairs of Chinese twins (183 monozygotic and 142 dizygotic twin pairs) with a mean age of 40.5 years (range: 18-69). Twin modeling was performed on full and nested models with the best fitting models selected. RESULTS Heritability estimates were compared between Danish and Chinese samples to identify differential genetic influences on each of the phenotypes. Except for hip circumference, all other body measures exhibited similar heritability patterns in the two samples with body weight showing only a slight difference. Higher genetic influences were estimated for fasting blood glucose level in Chinese twins, whereas the Danish twins showed more genetic regulation over most lipids phenotypes. Systolic blood pressure was more genetically controlled in Danish than in Chinese twins. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic endophenotypes show disparity in their genetic determinants in populations under distinct environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Li
- Unit of Human Genetics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jelenkovic A, Bogl LH, Rose RJ, Kangas AJ, Soininen P, Ala-Korpela M, Kaprio J, Silventoinen K. Association of height and pubertal timing with lipoprotein subclass profile: exploring the role of genetic and environmental effects. Am J Hum Biol 2013; 25:465-72. [PMID: 23649903 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little is known about the relationship between growth and lipoprotein profile. We aimed to analyze common genetic and environmental factors in the association of height from late childhood to adulthood and pubertal timing with serum lipid and lipoprotein subclass profile. METHODS A longitudinal cohort of Finnish twin pairs (FinnTwin12) was analyzed using self-reported height at 11-12, 14, 17 years and measured stature at adult age (21-24 years). Data were available for 719 individual twins including 298 complete pairs. Serum lipids and lipoprotein subclasses were measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Multivariate variance component models for twin data were fitted. Cholesky decomposition was used to partition the phenotypic covariation among traits into additive genetic and unique environmental correlations. RESULTS In men, the strongest associations for both adult height and puberty were observed with total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein particle subclasses (max. r = -0.19). In women, the magnitude of the correlations was weaker (max. r = -0.13). Few associations were detected between height during adolescence and adult lipid profile. Early onset of puberty was related to an adverse lipid profile, but delayed pubertal development in girls was associated with an unfavorable profile, as well. All associations were mediated mainly by additive genetic factors, but unique environmental effects cannot be disregarded. CONCLUSIONS Early puberty and shorter adult height relate to higher concentrations of atherogenic lipids and lipoprotein particles in early adulthood. Common genetic effects behind these phenotypes substantially contribute to the observed associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Jelenkovic
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
The Danish Twin Registry: linking surveys, national registers, and biological information. Twin Res Hum Genet 2012; 16:104-11. [PMID: 23084092 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2012.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 60 years, the resources and the research in the Danish Twin Registry (DTR) have periodically been summarized. Here, we give a short overview of the DTR and a more comprehensive description of new developments in the twenty-first century. First, we outline our experience over the last decade of combining questionnaire and survey data with national demographic, social, and health registers in Statistics Denmark. Second, we describe our most recent data collection effort, which was conducted during the period 2008-2011 and included both in-person assessments of 14,000+ twins born 1931-1969 and sampling of biological material, hereby expanding and consolidating the DTR biobank. Third, two examples of intensively studied twin cohorts are given. The new developments in the DTR in the last decade have facilitated the ongoing research and laid the groundwork for new research directions.
Collapse
|
49
|
Jelenkovic A, Rebato E. Association among obesity-related anthropometric phenotypes: analyzing genetic and environmental contribution. Hum Biol 2012; 84:127-37. [PMID: 22708817 DOI: 10.3378/027.084.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a public-health and policy problem in many parts of the world. Epidemiological and population studies in this field are usually based on different anthropometric measures; however, common genetic and environmental factors between these phenotypes have been scarcely studied. The objective of this article is to assess the strength of these factors on the covariation among a large set of obesity-related traits. The subject group consisted of 533 nuclear families living in the Greater Bilbao (Spain), and included 1,702 individuals aged 2-61 years. Detailed anthropometric measurements (stature, breadths, circumferences and skinfolds) were carried out in each subject. Bivariate quantitative genetic analyses were performed using a variance-components procedure implemented in the software SOLAR. The results revealed that the majority of these traits is affected by common genetic and environmental factors. All correlations were significantly different from 1 and varied from non-significant to very high (>0.90, P < 0.0001), with clearly lower pleiotropic effects among pairs including fat-distribution traits. Despite the strong common genetic effects detected among phenotypes determining the amount of body fat and mass, there is a residual genetic influence on the local fatness measures that cannot be explained exclusively by the genetic influence on overall fatness. Moreover, the observed relationships confirm a partially different genetic control of truncal and peripheral fat. In conclusion, our findings highlight the relevance of considering different types of traits in the prevention and treatment of obesity, as well as in the search for genes involved in its development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Jelenkovic
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao 48080, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Song Y, Lee K, Sung J, Lee D, Lee MK, Lee JY. Genetic and environmental relationships between Framingham Risk Score and adiposity measures in Koreans: the Healthy Twin study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:503-509. [PMID: 21185703 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We examined heritability and bivariate analyses for the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and adiposity measures among Koreans. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed the data from 2496 participants (962 men, 1534 women, age 30-74 years), including 1320 non-twin family members, 468 monozygotic (MZ) and 120 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, collected from the Healthy Twin study of Korea. Adiposity measurements comprised BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio (WHTR). Analyses were conducted using the Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines (SOLAR) package software. The co-twin control analyses shows that estimates of within-pair regression coefficients in the relationship between adiposity traits and FRS were attenuated for MZ twin pairs, relative to DZ twin pairs (0.11-0.26 vs. 0.60-0.71). The heritability estimate for FRS was 0.37, and the estimates for adiposity traits ranged from 0.45 to 0.63 (P < 0.001). Bivariate analysis revealed genetic correlations between FRS, and all of the adiposity traits ranged from 0.16 (for WHTR, P > 0.05) to 0.46 (for WC, P < 0.001). The common environmental correlations between FRS and each of the adiposity traits ranged from 0.43 to 0.66 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS FRS and each of the obesity traits shared common genetic and environmental relationships. These findings support a pleiotropic action between genes associated with adiposity traits and FRS and a need of further investigations for identifying specific common environmental factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Song
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center and Center for Clinical Research, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwondong, Gangnamgu, Seoul 135-710, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|