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Jakubek P, Pakula B, Rossmeisl M, Pinton P, Rimessi A, Wieckowski MR. Autophagy alterations in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: the evidence from human studies. Intern Emerg Med 2024; 19:1473-1491. [PMID: 38971910 PMCID: PMC11364608 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-024-03700-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and its impairment has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This review synthesizes the current evidence from human studies on autophagy alterations under these metabolic conditions. In obesity, most data point to autophagy upregulation during the initiation phase of autophagosome formation, potentially in response to proinflammatory conditions in the adipose tissue. Autophagosome formation appears to be enhanced under hyperglycemic or insulin-resistant conditions in patients with T2D, possibly acting as a compensatory mechanism to eliminate damaged organelles and proteins. Other studies have proposed that prolonged hyperglycemia and disrupted insulin signaling hinder autophagic flux, resulting in the accumulation of dysfunctional cellular components that can contribute to β-cell dysfunction. Evidence from patients with MASLD supports autophagy inhibition in disease progression. Nevertheless, given the available data, it is difficult to ascertain whether autophagy is enhanced or suppressed in these conditions because the levels of autophagy markers depend on the overall metabolism of specific organs, tissues, experimental conditions, or disease duration. Owing to these constraints, determining whether the observed shifts in autophagic activity precede or result from metabolic diseases remains challenging. Additionally, autophagy-modulating strategies are shortly discussed. To conclude, more studies investigating autophagy impairment are required to gain a more comprehensive understanding of its role in the pathogenesis of obesity, T2D, and MASLD and to unveil novel therapeutic strategies for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Jakubek
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Barbara Pakula
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariusz Roman Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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2
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Roy S, Pokharel P, Piganelli JD. Decoding the immune dance: Unraveling the interplay between beta cells and type 1 diabetes. Mol Metab 2024; 88:101998. [PMID: 39069156 PMCID: PMC11342121 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the specific destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas by the immune system, including CD4 cells which orchestrate the attack and CD8 cells which directly destroy the beta cells, resulting in the loss of glucose homeostasis. SCOPE OF REVIEW This comprehensive document delves into the complex interplay between the immune system and beta cells, aiming to shed light on the mechanisms driving their destruction in T1D. Insights into the genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and autoimmune responses provide a foundation for understanding the autoimmune attack on beta cells. From the role of viral infections as potential triggers to the inflammatory response of beta cells, an intricate puzzle starts to unfold. This exploration highlights the importance of beta cells in breaking immune tolerance and the factors contributing to their targeted destruction. Furthermore, it examines the potential role of autophagy and the impact of cytokine signaling on beta cell function and survival. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS This review collectively represents current research findings on T1D which offers valuable perspectives on novel therapeutic approaches for preserving beta cell mass, restoring immune tolerance, and ultimately preventing or halting the progression of T1D. By unraveling the complex dynamics between the immune system and beta cells, we inch closer to a comprehensive understanding of T1D pathogenesis, paving the way for more effective treatments and ultimately a cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Roy
- Department of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - Pravil Pokharel
- Department of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - Jon D Piganelli
- Department of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States.
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3
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Arden C, Park SH, Yasasilka XR, Lee EY, Lee MS. Autophagy and lysosomal dysfunction in diabetes and its complications. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00170-X. [PMID: 39054224 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is critical for energy homeostasis and the function of organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Dysregulated autophagy due to aging, environmental factors, or genetic predisposition can be an underlying cause of not only diabetes through β-cell dysfunction and metabolic inflammation, but also diabetic complications such as diabetic kidney diseases (DKDs). Dysfunction of lysosomes, effector organelles of autophagic degradation, due to metabolic stress or nutrients/metabolites accumulating in metabolic diseases is also emerging as a cause or aggravating element in diabetes and its complications. Here, we discuss the etiological role of dysregulated autophagy and lysosomal dysfunction in diabetes and a potential role of autophagy or lysosomal modulation as a new avenue for treatment of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Arden
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Seo H Park
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Xaviera Riani Yasasilka
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Y Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Al-Gareeb AI, Klionsky DJ, Albuhadily AK. Dysregulation of pancreatic β-cell autophagy and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Autophagy 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38873924 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2367356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an essential degradation process that removes abnormal cellular components, maintains homeostasis within cells, and provides nutrition during starvation. Activated autophagy enhances cell survival during stressful conditions, although overactivation of autophagy triggers induction of autophagic cell death. Therefore, early-onset autophagy promotes cell survival whereas late-onset autophagy provokes programmed cell death, which can prevent disease progression. Moreover, autophagy regulates pancreatic β-cell functions by different mechanisms, although the precise role of autophagy in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not completely understood. Consequently, this mini-review discusses the protective and harmful roles of autophagy in the pancreatic β cell and in the pathophysiology of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Department of Applied Science, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, Jabir ibn Hayyan Medical University, Al-Ameer Qu./Najaf, Kufa, Iraq
| | | | - Ali K Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Yasasilka XR, Lee M. Role of β-cell autophagy in β-cell physiology and the development of diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:656-668. [PMID: 38470018 PMCID: PMC11143416 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the molecular mechanism of autophagy was a landmark in understanding not only the physiology of cells and tissues, but also the pathogenesis of diverse diseases, including diabetes and metabolic disorders. Autophagy of pancreatic β-cells plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of the mass, structure and function of β-cells, whose dysregulation can lead to abnormal metabolic profiles or diabetes. Modulators of autophagy are being developed to improve metabolic profile and β-cell function through the removal of harmful materials and rejuvenation of organelles, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Among the known antidiabetic drugs, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists enhance the autophagic activity of β-cells, which might contribute to the profound effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on systemic metabolism. In this review, the results from studies on the role of autophagy in β-cells and their implication in the development of diabetes are discussed. In addition to non-selective (macro)autophagy, the role and mechanisms of selective autophagy and other minor forms of autophagy that might occur in β-cells are discussed. As β-cell failure is the ultimate cause of diabetes and unresponsiveness to conventional therapy, modulation of β-cell autophagy might represent a future antidiabetic treatment approach, particularly in patients who are not well managed with current antidiabetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xaviera Riani Yasasilka
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi‐bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal MedicineSoonchunhyang University College of MedicineCheonanKorea
| | - Myung‐Shik Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi‐bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal MedicineSoonchunhyang University College of MedicineCheonanKorea
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Moon S, Lim JY, Lee M, Han Y, Kim H, Kwon W, Jang JY, Kim MN, Park KS, Jung HS. Glucolipotoxicity Suppressed Autophagy and Insulin Contents in Human Islets, and Attenuation of PERK Activity Enhanced Them in an ATG7-Dependent Manner. Diabetes Metab J 2024; 48:231-241. [PMID: 37670417 PMCID: PMC10995495 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Administration of pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase inhibitor (PERKi) improved insulin secretion and hyperglycemia in obese diabetic mice. In this study, autophagic balance was studied whether to mediate it. METHODS Human islets were isolated from living patients without diabetes. PERKi GSK2606414 effects were evaluated in the islets under glucolipotoxicity by palmitate. Islet insulin contents and secretion were measured. Autophagic flux was assessed by microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) conversion, a red fluorescent protein (RFP)-green fluorescent protein (GFP)- LC3 tandem assay, and P62 levels. For mechanical analyses, autophagy was suppressed using 3-methyladenine in mouse islets. Small interfering RNA for an autophagy-related gene autophagy related 7 (Atg7) was transfected to interfere autophagy. RESULTS PERKi administration to mice decreased diabetes-induced P62 levels in the islets. Glucolipotoxicity significantly increased PERK phosphorylation by 70% and decreased insulin contents by 50% in human islets, and addition of PERKi (40 to 80 nM) recovered both. PERKi also enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (6-fold). PERKi up-regulated LC3 conversion suppressed by glucolipotoxicity, and down-regulated P62 contents without changes in P62 transcription, indicating enhanced autophagic flux. Increased autophagosome-lysosome fusion by PERKi was visualized in mouse islets, where PERKi enhanced ATG7 bound to LC3. Suppression of Atg7 eliminated PERKi-induced insulin contents and secretion. CONCLUSION This study provided functional changes of human islets with regard to autophagy under glucolipotoxicity, and suggested modulation of autophagy as an anti-diabetic mechanism of PERKi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoil Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mirang Lee
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngmin Han
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hongbeom Kim
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wooil Kwon
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Jang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Na Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Nguyen HT, Wiederkehr A, Wollheim CB, Park KS. Regulation of autophagy by perilysosomal calcium: a new player in β-cell lipotoxicity. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:273-288. [PMID: 38297165 PMCID: PMC10907728 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential quality control mechanism for maintaining organellar functions in eukaryotic cells. Defective autophagy in pancreatic beta cells has been shown to be involved in the progression of diabetes through impaired insulin secretion under glucolipotoxic stress. The underlying mechanism reveals the pathologic role of the hyperactivation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which inhibits lysosomal biogenesis and autophagic processes. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress induces Ca2+ depletion in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cytosolic Ca2+ overload, which may contribute to mTOR activation in perilysosomal microdomains, leading to autophagic defects and β-cell failure due to lipotoxicity. This review delineates the antagonistic regulation of autophagic flux by mTOR and AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) at the lysosomal membrane, and both of these molecules could be activated by perilysosomal calcium signaling. However, aberrant and persistent Ca2+ elevation upon lipotoxic stress increases mTOR activity and suppresses autophagy. Therefore, normalization of autophagy is an attractive therapeutic strategy for patients with β-cell failure and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Thu Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | | | - Claes B Wollheim
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
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8
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Cai Z, Du S, Zhao N, Huang N, Yang K, Qi L. Periodontitis promotes the progression of diabetes mellitus by enhancing autophagy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24366. [PMID: 38288023 PMCID: PMC10823111 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to identify the periodontitis factor that activates excessive autophagy in pancreatic β cells, resulting in organic lesions of pancreatic islet tissues and diminished insulin secretion, thereby accelerating the progression of diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were induced with periodontitis (PD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), or the combination of T2DM and PD (DP) through a high-sugar/high-fat diet and ligation of the tooth neck with silk thread. Alveolar bone resorption was assessed using Micro-CT, blood glucose levels were measured with a blood glucose meter, pancreatic tissue pathology was examined through HE staining, and the expression of autophagy-related proteins Beclin1 and LC3II/LC3I was analyzed using Western blotting. Results Micro-CT results revealed more pronounced alveolar bone resorption and root bifurcation exposure in the PD and DP groups compared to the control group, with the DP group exhibiting the most severe condition. HE staining demonstrated the formation of periodontal pockets, severe alveolar bone destruction, and abnormal pancreatic islet tissue morphology in the PD and DP groups. The serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β increased sequentially in the control, DM, PD, and DP groups (P < 0.05). Relative expressions of GCK and GLUT-2 mRNA decreased in the PD group compared to the control group (P > 0.05), while the mRNA expressions in the DP and DM groups increased (P < 0.05), with the DP group exhibiting higher levels than the DM group (P < 0.05). Western blot results indicated increased expression levels of autophagy proteins Beclin1 and LC3II/LC3I in the DM and DP groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05), with the DP group exhibiting higher levels than the DM group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The findings demonstrate that periodontal inflammatory factors may promote the enhancement of pancreatic cell autophagy in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Cai
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital Zunyi, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Honghuagang District Stomatological Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shasha Du
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital Zunyi, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital Zunyi, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Nanqu Huang
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital Zunyi, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Liu Qi
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Tanday N, Tarasov AI, Moffett RC, Flatt PR, Irwin N. Pancreatic islet cell plasticity: Pathogenic or therapeutically exploitable? Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:16-31. [PMID: 37845573 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of pancreatic islet endocrine cells is a tightly regulated process leading to the generation of distinct cell types harbouring different hormones in response to small changes in environmental stimuli. Cell differentiation is driven by transcription factors that are also critical for the maintenance of the mature islet cell phenotype. Alteration of the insulin-secreting β-cell transcription factor set by prolonged metabolic stress, associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes, obesity or pregnancy, results in the loss of β-cell identity through de- or transdifferentiation. Importantly, the glucose-lowering effects of approved and experimental antidiabetic agents, including glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetics, novel peptides and small molecules, have been associated with preventing or reversing β-cell dedifferentiation or promoting the transdifferentiation of non-β-cells towards an insulin-positive β-cell-like phenotype. Therefore, we review the manifestations of islet cell plasticity in various experimental settings and discuss the physiological and therapeutic sides of this phenomenon, focusing on strategies for preventing β-cell loss or generating new β-cells in diabetes. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning islet cell plasticity is a prerequisite for more targeted therapies to help prevent β-cell decline in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Tanday
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrei I Tarasov
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - R Charlotte Moffett
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Nigel Irwin
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
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Thomas P, Gallagher MT, Da Silva Xavier G. Beta cell lipotoxicity in the development of type 2 diabetes: the need for species-specific understanding. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1275835. [PMID: 38144558 PMCID: PMC10739424 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1275835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The propensity to develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) is known to have both environmental and hereditary components. In those with a genetic predisposition to T2D, it is widely believed that elevated concentrations of circulatory long-chain fatty acids (LC-FFA) significantly contribute towards the demise of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells - the fundamental feature of the development of T2D. Over 25 years of research support that LC-FFA are deleterious to β-cells, through a process termed lipotoxicity. However, the work underpinning the theory of β-cell lipotoxicity is mostly based on rodent studies. Doubts have been raised as to whether lipotoxicity also occurs in humans. In this review, we examine the evidence, both in vivo and in vitro, for the pathogenic effects of LC-FFA on β-cell viability and function in humans, highlighting key species differences. In this way, we aim to uncover the role of lipotoxicity in the human pathogenesis of T2D and motivate the need for species-specific understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Thomas
- Centre for Systems Modelling and Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Meurig T. Gallagher
- Centre for Systems Modelling and Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Da Silva Xavier
- Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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11
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Knupp J, Pletan ML, Arvan P, Tsai B. Autophagy of the ER: the secretome finds the lysosome. FEBS J 2023; 290:5656-5673. [PMID: 37920925 PMCID: PMC11044768 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal degradation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and its components through the autophagy pathway has emerged as a major regulator of ER proteostasis. Commonly referred to as ER-phagy and ER-to-lysosome-associated degradation (ERLAD), how the ER is targeted to the lysosome has been recently clarified by a growing number of studies. Here, we summarize the discoveries of the molecular components required for lysosomal degradation of the ER and their proposed mechanisms of action. Additionally, we discuss how cells employ these machineries to create the different routes of ER-lysosome-associated degradation. Further, we review the role of ER-phagy in viral infection pathways, as well as the implication of ER-phagy in human disease. In sum, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current field of ER-phagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Knupp
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Madison L Pletan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Billy Tsai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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12
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Khin PP, Lee JH, Jun HS. Pancreatic Beta-cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. EUR J INFLAMM 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x231154152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells produce and secrete insulin to maintain blood glucose levels within a narrow range. Defects in the function and mass of β-cells play a significant role in the development and progression of diabetes. Increased β-cell deficiency and β-cell apoptosis are observed in the pancreatic islets of patients with type 2 diabetes. At an early stage, β-cells adapt to insulin resistance, and their insulin secretion increases, but they eventually become exhausted, and the β-cell mass decreases. Various causal factors, such as high glucose, free fatty acids, inflammatory cytokines, and islet amyloid polypeptides, contribute to the impairment of β-cell function. Therefore, the maintenance of β-cell function is a logical approach for the treatment and prevention of diabetes. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of these risk factors in pancreatic β-cell loss and the associated mechanisms. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying pancreatic β-cell loss will provide an opportunity to identify novel therapeutic targets for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyu Phyu Khin
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 155, Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Han Lee
- Department of Marine Bio-industry, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 155, Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, 191, Hambangmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, 21, Namdong-daero 774, beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea
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13
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Hela F, Aguayo-Mazzucato C. Interaction between Autophagy and Senescence in Pancreatic Beta Cells. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1205. [PMID: 37759604 PMCID: PMC10525299 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Aging leads to an increase in cellular stress due to the fragility of the organism and the inability to cope with it. In this setting, there is a higher chance of developing different cardiometabolic diseases like diabetes. Cellular senescence and autophagy, both hallmarks of aging and stress-coping mechanisms, have gained increased attention for their role in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Studies show that impairing senescence dampens and even prevents diabetes while the role of autophagy is more contradictory, implying a context- and disease-stage-dependent effect. Reports show conflicting data about the effect of autophagy on senescence while the knowledge about this interaction in beta cells remains scarce. Elucidating this interaction between autophagy and senescence in pancreatic beta cells will lead to an identification of their respective roles and the extent of the effect each mechanism has on beta cells and open new horizons for developing novel therapeutic agents. To help illuminate this relationship we will review the latest findings of cellular senescence and autophagy with a special emphasis on pancreatic beta cells and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Aguayo-Mazzucato
- Section on Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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14
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Wu T, Shao Y, Li X, Wu T, Yu L, Liang J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Sun T, Zhu Y, Chang X, Wang S, Chen F, Han X. NR3C1/Glucocorticoid receptor activation promotes pancreatic β-cell autophagy overload in response to glucolipotoxicity. Autophagy 2023; 19:2538-2557. [PMID: 37039556 PMCID: PMC10392762 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2200625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex and heterogeneous disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Its core cause is progressively impaired insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cell failures, usually upon a background of preexisting insulin resistance. Recent studies demonstrate that macroautophagy/autophagy is essential to maintain architecture and function of β-cells, whereas excessive autophagy is also involved in β-cell dysfunction and death. It has been poorly understood whether autophagy plays a protective or harmful role in β-cells, while we report here that it is dependent on NR3C1/glucocorticoid receptor activation. We proved that deleterious hyperactive autophagy happened only upon NR3C1 activation in β-cells under glucolipotoxic conditions, which eventually promoted diabetes. The transcriptome and the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylome revealed that NR3C1-enhancement upregulated the RNA demethylase FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) protein in β-cells, which caused diminished m6A modifications on mRNAs of four core Atg (autophagy related) genes (Atg12, Atg5, Atg16l2, Atg9a) and, hence, hyperactive autophagy and defective insulin output; by contrast, FTO inhibition, achieved by the specific FTO inhibitor Dac51, prevented NR3C1-instigated excessive autophagy activation. Importantly, Dac51 effectively alleviated impaired insulin secretion and glucose intolerance in hyperglycemic β-cell specific NR3C1 overexpression mice. Our results determine that the NR3C1-FTO-m6A modifications-Atg genes axis acts as a key mediator of balanced autophagic flux in pancreatic β-cells, which offers a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; AAV: adeno-associated virus; Ac: acetylation; Ad: adenovirus; AL: autolysosome; ATG: autophagy related; AUC: area under curve; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; βNR3C1 mice: pancreatic β-cell-specific NR3C1 overexpression mice; cFBS: charcoal-stripped FBS; Ctrl: control; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FTO: fat mass and obesity associated; GC: glucocorticoid; GRE: glucocorticoid response element; GSIS: glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assay; HFD: high-fat diet; HG: high glucose; HsND: non-diabetic human; HsT2D: type 2 diabetic human; i.p.: intraperitoneal injected; KSIS: potassium-stimulated insulin secretion assay; m6A: N6-methyladenosine; MeRIP-seq: methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing; NR3C1/GR: nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1; NR3C1-Enhc.: NR3C1-enhancement; NC: negative control; Palm.: palmitate; RNA-seq: RNA sequencing; T2D: type 2 diabetes; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; UTR: untranslated region; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yixue Shao
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xirui Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoai Chang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shusen Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Obradovic M, Zafirovic S, Gluvic Z, Radovanovic J, Isenovic ER. Autophagy and diabetes. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2023:576-588. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2023.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The current literature findings on autophagy’s beneficial and detrimental roles in diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetes-related comorbidities were reviewed. The effects of oral hypoglycaemic medicines and autophagy in DM. Autophagy plays an important function in cellular homeostasis by promoting cell survival or initiating cell death in physiological settings was also assessed. Although autophagy protects insulin-target tissues, organelle failure caused by autophagy malfunction influences DM and other metabolic diseases. Endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress enhance autophagy levels, making it easier to regulate stress-induced intracellular changes. Evidence suggests that autophagy-caused cell death can occur when autophagy is overstimulated and constitutively activated, which might prevent or develop DM. Even though the precise role of autophagy in DM complications is uncertain, deregulation of the autophagic machinery is strongly linked to beta cell destruction and the aetiology of DM. Thus, improving autophagy dysfunction is a possible therapeutic objective in treating DM and other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Obradovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Zafirovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Zemun Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Radovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Apostolova N, Vezza T, Muntane J, Rocha M, Víctor VM. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Mitophagy in Type 2 Diabetes: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Targets. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:278-320. [PMID: 36641637 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is related to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world. In the past decade, alterations in autophagy have been shown to play a fundamental role in the development and control of type 2 diabetes. Further, mitophagy has been recognized as a key player in eliminating dysfunctional mitochondria in this disease. Recent Advances: Recently, much progress has been made in understanding the molecular events associated with oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and alterations in autophagy and mitophagy in type 2 diabetes. Critical Issues: Despite increasing evidence of a relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and alterations of autophagy and mitophagy and their role in the pathophysiolology of type 2 diabetes, effective therapeutic strategies to combat the disease through targeting mitochondria, autophagy, and mitophagy are yet to be implemented. Future Directions: This review provides a wide perspective of the existing literature concerning the complicated interplay between autophagy, mitophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Further, potential therapeutic targets based on these molecular mechanisms are explored. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 278-320.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Apostolova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- National Network of Biomedical Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Valencia, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Vezza
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntane
- National Network of Biomedical Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Department of General Surgery, Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- National Network of Biomedical Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Valencia, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor M Víctor
- National Network of Biomedical Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Valencia, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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17
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Prasad MK, Mohandas S, Ramkumar KM. Dysfunctions, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies of pancreatic β-cells in diabetes. Apoptosis 2023:10.1007/s10495-023-01854-0. [PMID: 37273039 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic beta-cell death has been established as a critical mediator in the progression of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Beta-cell death is associated with exacerbating hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and paves the way for the progression of DM and its complications. Apoptosis has been considered the primary mechanism of beta-cell death in diabetes. However, recent pieces of evidence have implicated the substantial involvement of several other novel modes of cell death, including autophagy, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. These distinct mechanisms are characterized by their unique biochemical features and often precipitate damage through the induction of cellular stressors, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Experimental studies were identified from PubMed literature on different modes of beta cell death during the onset of diabetes mellitus. This review summarizes current knowledge on the crucial pathways implicated in pancreatic beta cell death. The article also focuses on applying natural compounds as potential treatment strategies in inhibiting these cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Krishna Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundhar Mohandas
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Serbis A, Giapros V, Tsamis K, Balomenou F, Galli-Tsinopoulou A, Siomou E. Beta Cell Dysfunction in Youth- and Adult-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: An Extensive Narrative Review with a Special Focus on the Role of Nutrients. Nutrients 2023; 15:2217. [PMID: 37432389 PMCID: PMC10180650 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally a disease of adults, type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been increasingly diagnosed in youth, particularly among adolescents and young adults of minority ethnic groups. Especially, during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, obesity and prediabetes have surged not only in minority ethnic groups but also in the general population, further raising T2D risk. Regarding its pathogenesis, a gradually increasing insulin resistance due to central adiposity combined with a progressively defective β-cell function are the main culprits. Especially in youth-onset T2D, a rapid β-cell activity decline has been observed, leading to higher treatment failure rates, and early complications. In addition, it is well established that both the quantity and quality of food ingested by individuals play a key role in T2D pathogenesis. A chronic imbalance between caloric intake and expenditure together with impaired micronutrient intake can lead to obesity and insulin resistance on one hand, and β-cell failure and defective insulin production on the other. This review summarizes our evolving understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in defective insulin secretion by the pancreatic islets in youth- and adult-onset T2D and, further, of the role various micronutrients play in these pathomechanisms. This knowledge is essential if we are to curtail the serious long-term complications of T2D both in pediatric and adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Serbis
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, St. Niarhcos Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Vasileios Giapros
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, St. Νiarhcos Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece (F.B.)
| | - Konstantinos Tsamis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, St. Niarhcos Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Foteini Balomenou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, St. Νiarhcos Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece (F.B.)
| | - Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou
- Second Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Stilponos Kyriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ekaterini Siomou
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, St. Niarhcos Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
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Mohammadi-Motlagh HR, Sadeghalvad M, Yavari N, Primavera R, Soltani S, Chetty S, Ganguly A, Regmi S, Fløyel T, Kaur S, Mirza AH, Thakor AS, Pociot F, Yarani R. β Cell and Autophagy: What Do We Know? Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040649. [PMID: 37189396 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells are central to glycemic regulation through insulin production. Studies show autophagy as an essential process in β cell function and fate. Autophagy is a catabolic cellular process that regulates cell homeostasis by recycling surplus or damaged cell components. Impaired autophagy results in β cell loss of function and apoptosis and, as a result, diabetes initiation and progress. It has been shown that in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and high metabolic demands, autophagy affects β cell function, insulin synthesis, and secretion. This review highlights recent evidence regarding how autophagy can affect β cells' fate in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Furthermore, we discuss the role of important intrinsic and extrinsic autophagy modulators, which can lead to β cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid-Reza Mohammadi-Motlagh
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67155-1616, Iran
| | - Mona Sadeghalvad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Niloofar Yavari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rosita Primavera
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Setareh Soltani
- Clinical Research Development Center, Taleghani and Imam Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67145-1673, Iran
| | - Shashank Chetty
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Abantika Ganguly
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Shobha Regmi
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Tina Fløyel
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Simranjeet Kaur
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Aashiq H Mirza
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reza Yarani
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
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Sehrawat A, Mishra J, Mastana SS, Navik U, Bhatti GK, Reddy PH, Bhatti JS. Dysregulated autophagy: A key player in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166666. [PMID: 36791919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is essential in regulating the turnover of macromolecules via removing damaged organelles, misfolded proteins in various tissues, including liver, skeletal muscles, and adipose tissue to maintain the cellular homeostasis. In these tissues, a specific type of autophagy maintains the accumulation of lipid droplets which is directly related to obesity and the development of insulin resistance. It appears to play a protective role in a normal physiological environment by eliminating the invading pathogens, protein aggregates, and damaged organelles and generating energy and new building blocks by recycling the cellular components. Ageing is also a crucial modulator of autophagy process. During stress conditions involving nutrient deficiency, lipids excess, hypoxia etc., autophagy serves as a pro-survival mechanism by recycling the free amino acids to maintain the synthesis of proteins. The dysregulated autophagy has been found in several ageing associated diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. So, targeting autophagy can be a promising therapeutic strategy against the progression to diabetes related complications. Our article provides a comprehensive outline of understanding of the autophagy process, including its types, mechanisms, regulation, and role in the pathophysiology of T2DM and related complications. We also explored the significance of autophagy in the homeostasis of β-cells, insulin resistance (IR), clearance of protein aggregates such as islet amyloid polypeptide, and various insulin-sensitive tissues. This will further pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies for diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sehrawat
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Jayapriya Mishra
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sarabjit Singh Mastana
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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Lodato M, Plaisance V, Pawlowski V, Kwapich M, Barras A, Buissart E, Dalle S, Szunerits S, Vicogne J, Boukherroub R, Abderrahmani A. Venom Peptides, Polyphenols and Alkaloids: Are They the Next Antidiabetics That Will Preserve β-Cell Mass and Function in Type 2 Diabetes? Cells 2023; 12:cells12060940. [PMID: 36980281 PMCID: PMC10047094 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvement of insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and preservation of their mass are the current challenges that future antidiabetic drugs should meet for achieving efficient and long-term glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The successful development of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues, derived from the saliva of a lizard from the Helodermatidae family, has provided the proof of concept that antidiabetic drugs directly targeting pancreatic β-cells can emerge from venomous animals. The literature reporting on the antidiabetic effects of medicinal plants suggests that they contain some promising active substances such as polyphenols and alkaloids, which could be active as insulin secretagogues and β-cell protectors. In this review, we discuss the potential of several polyphenols, alkaloids and venom peptides from snake, frogs, scorpions and cone snails. These molecules could contribute to the development of new efficient antidiabetic medicines targeting β-cells, which would tackle the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Lodato
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Plaisance
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Pawlowski
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Maxime Kwapich
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
- Service de Diabétologie et d’Endocrinologie, CH Dunkerque, 59385 Dunkirk, France
| | - Alexandre Barras
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emeline Buissart
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Dalle
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Vicogne
- University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Amar Abderrahmani
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-362531704
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Sadeghi S, Delphan M, Shams M, Esmaeili F, Shanaki-Bavarsad M, Shanaki M. The high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and curcumin supplementation can positively regulate the autophagy pathway in myocardial cells of STZ-induced diabetic rats. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:21. [PMID: 36841820 PMCID: PMC9960211 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Targeting autophagy is a new therapeutic strategy for the complications of diabetes,such as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). During diabetes, increased or insufficient autophagic activity causes aberrations in cellular homeostasis. Regarding the conflicting and unclear results regarding the effect of HIIT and curcumin supplementation on the expression of genes associated to autophagy, this study aimed to assess whether 4-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and curcumin supplementation are able to influence the expression of autophagy-related genes in myocardial cells of diabetic rats. METHODS In an experimental design, 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: non-diabetic control (NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetes + HIIT (D + HIIT), and diabetes + curcumin (D + CU). After HIIT program and curcumin treatment, the genes expression of autophagy pathway were assessed in the myocardium by real-time PCR Tanique. RESULTS The results indicated that the expression levels of ATG1, Beclin1, ATG5, and LAMP-2 genes were significantly reduced in the DC group compared to the NC group (p < 0.001). Following 4-week HIIT, the expression of Beclin1, ATG-5, and LAMP-2 improved considerably compared to the DC group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.05, respectively). In addition, after 4 weeks of curcumin supplementation, the expression levels of ATG-5 and Beclin-1 were significantly improved compared to the DC group (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, respectively). It seems HIIT and curcumin supplementation can be an effective approach for inducing autophagy and improving cardiac function in DCM rats.However, HIIT seems more effective than curcumin in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Sadeghi
- grid.411600.2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Delphan
- grid.411354.60000 0001 0097 6984Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Shams
- grid.411600.2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fataneh Esmaeili
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Shanaki-Bavarsad
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Mehrnoosh Shanaki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Brownrigg GP, Xia YH, Chu CMJ, Wang S, Chao C, Zhang JA, Skovsø S, Panzhinskiy E, Hu X, Johnson JD, Rideout EJ. Sex differences in islet stress responses support female β cell resilience. Mol Metab 2023; 69:101678. [PMID: 36690328 PMCID: PMC9971554 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic β cells play a key role in maintaining glucose homeostasis; dysfunction of this critical cell type causes type 2 diabetes (T2D). Emerging evidence points to sex differences in β cells, but few studies have examined male-female differences in β cell stress responses and resilience across multiple contexts, including diabetes. Here, we address the need for high-quality information on sex differences in β cell and islet gene expression and function using both human and rodent samples. METHODS In humans, we compared β cell gene expression and insulin secretion in donors with T2D to non-diabetic donors in both males and females. In mice, we generated a well-powered islet RNAseq dataset from 20-week-old male and female siblings with similar insulin sensitivity. Our unbiased gene expression analysis pointed to a sex difference in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Based on this analysis, we hypothesized female islets would be more resilient to ER stress than male islets. To test this, we subjected islets isolated from age-matched male and female mice to thapsigargin treatment and monitored protein synthesis, cell death, and β cell insulin production and secretion. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were used to characterize sex differences in islet responses to ER stress. RESULTS Our single-cell analysis of human β cells revealed sex-specific changes to gene expression and function in T2D, correlating with more robust insulin secretion in human islets isolated from female donors with T2D compared to male donors with T2D. In mice, RNA sequencing revealed differential enrichment of unfolded protein response pathway-associated genes, where female islets showed higher expression of genes linked with protein synthesis, folding, and processing. This differential expression was physiologically significant, as islets isolated from female mice were more resilient to ER stress induction with thapsigargin. Specifically, female islets showed a greater ability to maintain glucose-stimulated insulin production and secretion during ER stress compared with males. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate sex differences in β cell gene expression in both humans and mice, and that female β cells show a greater ability to maintain glucose-stimulated insulin secretion across multiple physiological and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- George P Brownrigg
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yi Han Xia
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Chieh Min Jamie Chu
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Charlotte Chao
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jiashuo Aaron Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Søs Skovsø
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Evgeniy Panzhinskiy
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Xiaoke Hu
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - James D Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth J Rideout
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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24
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ZHANG YU, ZHOU XI, ZHANG CHUNYAN, LAI DENGNI, LIU DONGBO, WU YANYANG. Vitamin B3 inhibits apoptosis and promotes autophagy of islet β cells under high glucose stress. BIOCELL 2023. [DOI: 10.32604/biocell.2023.026429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
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25
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Rahman SMN, Giacca A. β-Cell Stress Pathways in Diabetes: Potential Targets for Therapy? Endocrinology 2022; 164:6936567. [PMID: 36534981 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S M Niazur Rahman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
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26
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Haythorne E, Lloyd M, Walsby-Tickle J, Tarasov AI, Sandbrink J, Portillo I, Exposito RT, Sachse G, Cyranka M, Rohm M, Rorsman P, McCullagh J, Ashcroft FM. Altered glycolysis triggers impaired mitochondrial metabolism and mTORC1 activation in diabetic β-cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6754. [PMID: 36376280 PMCID: PMC9663558 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycaemia causes a dramatic decrease in mitochondrial metabolism and insulin content in pancreatic β-cells. This underlies the progressive decline in β-cell function in diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms by which hyperglycaemia produces these effects remain unresolved. Using isolated islets and INS-1 cells, we show here that one or more glycolytic metabolites downstream of phosphofructokinase and upstream of GAPDH mediates the effects of chronic hyperglycemia. This metabolite stimulates marked upregulation of mTORC1 and concomitant downregulation of AMPK. Increased mTORC1 activity causes inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase which reduces pyruvate entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle and partially accounts for the hyperglycaemia-induced reduction in oxidative phosphorylation and insulin secretion. In addition, hyperglycaemia (or diabetes) dramatically inhibits GAPDH activity, thereby impairing glucose metabolism. Our data also reveal that restricting glucose metabolism during hyperglycaemia prevents these changes and thus may be of therapeutic benefit. In summary, we have identified a pathway by which chronic hyperglycaemia reduces β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Haythorne
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
| | - Matthew Lloyd
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - John Walsby-Tickle
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Andrei I Tarasov
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jonas Sandbrink
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Idoia Portillo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Raul Terron Exposito
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center, Munich, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Gregor Sachse
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
- Brandenburg Medical School (Theodor Fontane), ZTM-BB, Brandenburg a. d. H, 14770, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Cyranka
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Maria Rohm
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center, Munich, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - James McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Frances M Ashcroft
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and OXION, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
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Kulkarni A, Muralidharan C, May SC, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG. Inside the β Cell: Molecular Stress Response Pathways in Diabetes Pathogenesis. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6783239. [PMID: 36317483 PMCID: PMC9667558 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The pathogeneses of the 2 major forms of diabetes, type 1 and type 2, differ with respect to their major molecular insults (loss of immune tolerance and onset of tissue insulin resistance, respectively). However, evidence suggests that dysfunction and/or death of insulin-producing β-cells is common to virtually all forms of diabetes. Although the mechanisms underlying β-cell dysfunction remain incompletely characterized, recent years have witnessed major advances in our understanding of the molecular pathways that contribute to the demise of the β-cell. Cellular and environmental factors contribute to β-cell dysfunction/loss through the activation of molecular pathways that exacerbate endoplasmic reticulum stress, the integrated stress response, oxidative stress, and impaired autophagy. Whereas many of these stress responsive pathways are interconnected, their individual contributions to glucose homeostasis and β-cell health have been elucidated through the development and interrogation of animal models. In these studies, genetic models and pharmacological compounds have enabled the identification of genes and proteins specifically involved in β-cell dysfunction during diabetes pathogenesis. Here, we review the critical stress response pathways that are activated in β cells in the context of the animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah C May
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Correspondence: Raghavendra G. Mirmira, MD, PhD, Kovler Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 900 E 57th St, KCBD 8132, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Moon S, Jung HS. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Dysregulated Autophagy in Human Pancreatic Beta Cells. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:533-542. [PMID: 35929171 PMCID: PMC9353561 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cell homeostasis is crucial for the synthesis and secretion of insulin; disruption of homeostasis causes diabetes, and is a treatment target. Adaptation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the unfolded protein response (UPR) and adequate regulation of autophagy, which are closely linked, play essential roles in this homeostasis. In diabetes, the UPR and autophagy are dysregulated, which leads to beta cell failure and death. Various studies have explored methods to preserve pancreatic beta cell function and mass by relieving ER stress and regulating autophagic activity. To promote clinical translation of these research results to potential therapeutics for diabetes, we summarize the current knowledge on ER stress and autophagy in human insulin-secreting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoil Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Cheung R, Pizza G, Chabosseau P, Rolando D, Tomas A, Burgoyne T, Wu Z, Salowka A, Thapa A, Macklin A, Cao Y, Nguyen-Tu MS, Dickerson MT, Jacobson DA, Marchetti P, Shapiro J, Piemonti L, de Koning E, Leclerc I, Bouzakri K, Sakamoto K, Smith DM, Rutter GA, Martinez-Sanchez A. Glucose-Dependent miR-125b Is a Negative Regulator of β-Cell Function. Diabetes 2022; 71:1525-1545. [PMID: 35476777 PMCID: PMC9998846 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Impaired pancreatic β-cell function and insulin secretion are hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. miRNAs are short, noncoding RNAs that silence gene expression vital for the development and function of β cells. We have previously shown that β cell-specific deletion of the important energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) results in increased miR-125b-5p levels. Nevertheless, the function of this miRNA in β cells is unclear. We hypothesized that miR-125b-5p expression is regulated by glucose and that this miRNA mediates some of the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia in β cells. Here, we show that islet miR-125b-5p expression is upregulated by glucose in an AMPK-dependent manner and that short-term miR-125b-5p overexpression impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in the mouse insulinoma MIN6 cells and in human islets. An unbiased, high-throughput screen in MIN6 cells identified multiple miR-125b-5p targets, including the transporter of lysosomal hydrolases M6pr and the mitochondrial fission regulator Mtfp1. Inactivation of miR-125b-5p in the human β-cell line EndoCβ-H1 shortened mitochondria and enhanced GSIS, whereas mice overexpressing miR-125b-5p selectively in β cells (MIR125B-Tg) were hyperglycemic and glucose intolerant. MIR125B-Tg β cells contained enlarged lysosomal structures and had reduced insulin content and secretion. Collectively, we identify miR-125b as a glucose-controlled regulator of organelle dynamics that modulates insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Cheung
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Grazia Pizza
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Pauline Chabosseau
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Delphine Rolando
- Beta Cell Genome Regulation Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Thomas Burgoyne
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Zhiyi Wu
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Anna Salowka
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Anusha Thapa
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Annabel Macklin
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Yufei Cao
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Marie-Sophie Nguyen-Tu
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Matthew T. Dickerson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - David A. Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - James Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Eelco de Koning
- Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Karim Bouzakri
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M. Smith
- Emerging Innovations Unit, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- CR-CHUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Aida Martinez-Sanchez
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Corresponding author: Aida Martinez-Sanchez,
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30
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Convergent Molecular Pathways in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson’s Disease: Insights into Mechanisms and Pathological Consequences. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4466-4487. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02867-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sun H, Wang J, Bi W, Zhang F, Chi K, Shi L, Yuan T, Ma K, Gao X. Sulforaphane Ameliorates Limb Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Muscular Injury in Mice by Inhibiting Pyroptosis and Autophagy via the Nrf2-ARE Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:4653864. [PMID: 35600947 PMCID: PMC9117032 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4653864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, as a life-threatening syndrome, is commonly caused by skeletal muscle damage resulting from oxidative stress. Additionally, inflammation-induced pyroptosis and dysregulated autophagy are vital factors contributing to the aggravation of I/R injury. Of note, sulforaphane (SFN) is a natural antioxidant, but whether it worked in limb I/R injury and the possible mechanism behind its protection for skeletal muscle has not been clearly established. Methods Effects of SFN on limb I/R-injured skeletal muscle were assessed by HE staining, followed by assessment of wet weight/dry weight (W/D) ratio of muscle tissues. Next, ELISA and biochemical tests were used to measure the inflammatory cytokine production and oxidative stress. Immunofluorescent analysis and Western blot were adopted to examine the level of pyroptosis- and autophagy-related proteins in vivo. Moreover, protein levels of Nrf2-ARE pathway-related factors were also examined using Western blot. Results SFN treatment could protect skeletal muscle against limb I/R injury, as evidenced by diminished inflammation, pyroptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress in skeletal muscles of mice. Further mechanistic exploration confirmed that antioxidative protection of SFN was associated with the Nrf2-ARE pathway activation. Conclusions SFN activates the Nrf2-ARE pathway, and thereby inhibits pyroptosis and autophagy and provides a novel therapeutic strategy for the limb I/R-induced muscle tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jueqiong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Bi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Kui Chi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Long Shi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
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Liu H, Zhou W, Guo L, Zhang H, Guan L, Yan X, Zhai Y, Qiao Y, Wang Z, Zhao J, Lyu K, Li P, Wang H, Peng L. Quercetin protects against palmitate-induced pancreatic β-cell apoptosis by restoring lysosomal function and autophagic flux. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109060. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lee JH, Lee J. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress and Its Role in Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction and Senescence in Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094843. [PMID: 35563231 PMCID: PMC9104816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An increased life span and accompanying nutritional affluency have led to a rapid increase in diseases associated with aging, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, imposing a tremendous economic and health burden on society. Pancreatic β-cells are crucial for controlling glucose homeostasis by properly producing and secreting the glucose-lowering hormone insulin, and the dysfunction of β-cells determines the outcomes for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. As the native structure of insulin is formed within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ER homeostasis should be appropriately maintained to allow for the proper metabolic homeostasis and functioning of β-cells. Recent studies have found that cellular senescence is critically linked with cellular stresses, including ER stress, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial stress. These studies implied that β-cell senescence is caused by ER stress and other cellular stresses and contributes to β-cells’ dysfunction and the impairment of glucose homeostasis. This review documents and discusses the current understanding of cellular senescence, β-cell function, ER stress, its associated signaling mechanism (unfolded protein response), and the effect of ER stress on β-cell senescence and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Lee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea;
- New Biology Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea;
- New Biology Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Roles of mTOR in the Regulation of Pancreatic β-Cell Mass and Insulin Secretion. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050614. [PMID: 35625542 PMCID: PMC9138643 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are the only type of cells that can control glycemic levels via insulin secretion. Thus, to explore the mechanisms underlying pancreatic β-cell failure, many reports have clarified the roles of important molecules, such as the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is a central regulator of metabolic and nutrient cues. Studies have uncovered the roles of mTOR in the function of β-cells and the progression of diabetes, and they suggest that mTOR has both positive and negative effects on pancreatic β-cells in the development of diabetes.
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Tatsumi Y, Kato A, Niimi N, Yako H, Himeno T, Kondo M, Tsunekawa S, Kato Y, Kamiya H, Nakamura J, Higai K, Sango K, Kato K. Docosahexaenoic Acid Suppresses Oxidative Stress-Induced Autophagy and Cell Death via the AMPK-Dependent Signaling Pathway in Immortalized Fischer Rat Schwann Cells 1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084405. [PMID: 35457223 PMCID: PMC9027959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the process by which intracellular components are degraded by lysosomes. It is also activated by oxidative stress; hence, autophagy is thought to be closely related to oxidative stress, one of the major causes of diabetic neuropathy. We previously reported that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) induced antioxidant enzymes and protected Schwann cells from oxidative stress. However, the relationship between autophagy and oxidative stress-induced cell death in diabetic neuropathy has not been elucidated. Treatment with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) decreased the cell survival rate, as measured by an MTT assay in immortalized Fischer rat Schwann cells 1 (IFRS1). A DHA pretreatment significantly prevented tBHP-induced cytotoxicity. tBHP increased autophagy, which was revealed by the ratio of the initiation markers, AMP-activated protein kinase, and UNC51-like kinase phosphorylation. Conversely, the DHA pretreatment suppressed excessive tBHP-induced autophagy signaling. Autophagosomes induced by tBHP in IFRS1 cells were decreased to control levels by the DHA pretreatment whereas autolysosomes were only partially decreased. These results suggest that DHA attenuated excessive autophagy induced by oxidative stress in Schwann cells and may be useful to prevent or reduce cell death in vitro. However, its potentiality to treat diabetic neuropathy must be validated in in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Tatsumi
- Laboratory of Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan; (Y.T.); (A.K.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan;
| | - Ayako Kato
- Laboratory of Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan; (Y.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Naoko Niimi
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (N.N.); (H.Y.); (K.S.)
| | - Hideji Yako
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (N.N.); (H.Y.); (K.S.)
| | - Tatsuhito Himeno
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimate, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan; (T.H.); (M.K.); (S.T.); (Y.K.); (H.K.); (J.N.)
| | - Masaki Kondo
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimate, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan; (T.H.); (M.K.); (S.T.); (Y.K.); (H.K.); (J.N.)
| | - Shin Tsunekawa
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimate, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan; (T.H.); (M.K.); (S.T.); (Y.K.); (H.K.); (J.N.)
| | - Yoshiro Kato
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimate, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan; (T.H.); (M.K.); (S.T.); (Y.K.); (H.K.); (J.N.)
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimate, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan; (T.H.); (M.K.); (S.T.); (Y.K.); (H.K.); (J.N.)
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimate, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan; (T.H.); (M.K.); (S.T.); (Y.K.); (H.K.); (J.N.)
| | - Koji Higai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan;
| | - Kazunori Sango
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (N.N.); (H.Y.); (K.S.)
| | - Koichi Kato
- Laboratory of Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan; (Y.T.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-52-757-6778
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Kocot AM, Wróblewska B. Nutritional strategies for autophagy activation and health consequences of autophagy impairment. Nutrition 2022; 103-104:111686. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Diagnostic and Prognostic Protein Biomarkers of β-Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes and Their Modulation with Glucose Normalization. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030196. [PMID: 35323639 PMCID: PMC8950787 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of type-2 diabetes(T2D) is preceded by β-cell dysfunction and loss. However, accurate measurement of β-cell function remains elusive. Biomarkers have been reported to predict β-cell functional decline but require validation. Therefore, we determined whether reported protein biomarkers could distinguish patients with T2D (onset < 10-years) from controls. A prospective, parallel study in T2D (n = 23) and controls (n = 23) was undertaken. In T2D subjects, insulin-induced blood glucose normalization from baseline 7.6 ± 0.4 mmol/L (136.8 ± 7.2 mg/dL) to 4.5 ± 0.07 mmol/L (81 ± 1.2 mg/dL) was maintained for 1-h. Controls were maintained at 4.9 ± 0.1 mmol/L (88.2 ± 1.8 mg/dL). Slow Off-rate Modified Aptamer (SOMA) -scan plasma protein measurement determined a 43-protein panel reported as diagnostic and/or prognostic for T2D. At baseline, 9 proteins were altered in T2D. Three of 13 prognostic/diagnostic proteins were lower in T2D: Adiponectin (p < 0.0001), Endocan (p < 0.05) and Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor-Kit (KIT) (p < 0.01). Two of 14 prognostic proteins [Cathepsin-D (p < 0.05) and Cadherin-E (p < 0.005)], and four of 16 diagnostic proteins [Kallikrein-4 (p = 0.001), Aminoacylase-1 (p = 0.001), Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-4 (IGFBP4) (p < 0.05) and Reticulon-4 receptor (RTN4R) (p < 0.001)] were higher in T2D. Protein levels were unchanged following glucose normalization in T2D. Our results suggest that a focused biomarker panel may be useful for assessing β-cell dysfunction and may complement clinical decision-making on insulin therapy. Unchanged post-glucose normalization levels indicate these are not acute-phase proteins or affected by glucose variability.
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Park K, Lee MS. Current Status of Autophagy Enhancers in Metabolic Disorders and Other Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:811701. [PMID: 35237600 PMCID: PMC8882819 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.811701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is pivotal in the maintenance of organelle function and intracellular nutrient balance. Besides the role of autophagy in the homeostasis and physiology of the individual tissues and whole organism in vivo, dysregulated autophagy has been incriminated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases including metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory or immunological disorders, cancer and aging. Search for autophagy modulators has been widely conducted to amend dysregulation of autophagy or pharmacologically modulate autophagy in those diseases. Current data support the view that autophagy modulation could be a new modality for treatment of metabolic syndrome associated with lipid overload, human-type diabetes characterized by deposition of islet amyloid or other diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, infection and cardiovascular diseases. While clinically available bona fide autophagy modulators have not been developed yet, it is expected that on-going investigation will lead to the development of authentic autophagy modulators that can be safely administered to patients in the near future and will open a new horizon for treatment of incurable or difficult diseases.
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Liang R, Liu N, Cao J, Liu T, Sun P, Cai X, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zou J, Wang L, Ding X, Zhang B, Shen Z, Yoshida S, Dou J, Wang S. HIF-1α/FOXO1 axis regulated autophagy is protective for β cell survival under hypoxia in human islets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166356. [PMID: 35124169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
β cells suffer from hypoxia due to the rapid metabolic rate to supply insulin production. Mechanistic study of β cell survival under hypoxia may shed light on the β cell mass loss in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, we found that the expressions of LC3 and p62/SQSTM1, two key autophagy regulators, were significantly higher in β cells than that in non-β endocrine cells in both non-diabetic and T2DM pancreases, and the autophagy process was accelerated upon Cobalt Chloride (CoCl2) treatment in ex vivo cultured primary human islets. Meanwhile, CoCl2 induced the upregulation of FOXO1 in human islets, where HIF-1α played a key role. CoCl2 treatment caused the increase of β cell apoptosis, yet inhibiting autophagy by Chloroquine or by FOXO1 knockdown further aggravated apoptosis, suggesting that FOXO1-regulated autophagy is protective for β cell survival under hypoxia. Immunofluorescence staining showed that LC3 and p62/SQSTM1 expressions were significantly decreased in T2DM patients and negatively correlated with HbA1c, indicating that the autophagy capacity of β cells is impaired along with the progression of the disease. Our study revealed that HIF-1α/FOXO1 regulated autophagy benefits β cell survival under hypoxia and autophagy dysregulation may account for β cell mass loss in T2DM. BRIEF SUMMARY: Our study revealed that HIF-1α/FOXO1 regulated autophagy benefits β cell survival under hypoxia and autophagy dysregulation may account for β cell mass loss in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Na Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Jinglin Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Tengli Liu
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Peng Sun
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Xiangheng Cai
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Lanqiu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, PR China
| | - Yaojuan Liu
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zou
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Le Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Xuejie Ding
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Boya Zhang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Zhongyang Shen
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Sei Yoshida
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Jian Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China.
| | - Shusen Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, PR China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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Zhou HL, Premont RT, Stamler JS. The manifold roles of protein S-nitrosylation in the life of insulin. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:111-128. [PMID: 34789923 PMCID: PMC8889587 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin, which is released by pancreatic islet β-cells in response to elevated levels of glucose in the blood, is a critical regulator of metabolism. Insulin triggers the uptake of glucose and fatty acids into the liver, adipose tissue and muscle, and promotes the storage of these nutrients in the form of glycogen and lipids. Dysregulation of insulin synthesis, secretion, transport, degradation or signal transduction all cause failure to take up and store nutrients, resulting in type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic dysfunction. In this Review, we make the case that insulin signalling is intimately coupled to protein S-nitrosylation, in which nitric oxide groups are conjugated to cysteine thiols to form S-nitrosothiols, within effectors of insulin action. We discuss the role of S-nitrosylation in the life cycle of insulin, from its synthesis and secretion in pancreatic β-cells, to its signalling and degradation in target tissues. Finally, we consider how aberrant S-nitrosylation contributes to metabolic diseases, including the roles of human genetic mutations and cellular events that alter S-nitrosylation of insulin-regulating proteins. Given the growing influence of S-nitrosylation in cellular metabolism, the field of metabolic signalling could benefit from renewed focus on S-nitrosylation in type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Lin Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Richard T Premont
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved, lysosome-dependent catabolic process whereby cytoplasmic components, including damaged organelles, protein aggregates and lipid droplets, are degraded and their components recycled. Autophagy has an essential role in maintaining cellular homeostasis in response to intracellular stress; however, the efficiency of autophagy declines with age and overnutrition can interfere with the autophagic process. Therefore, conditions such as sarcopenic obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that are characterized by metabolic derangement and intracellular stresses (including oxidative stress, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress) also involve the accumulation of damaged cellular components. These conditions are prevalent in ageing populations. For example, sarcopenia is an age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength that is involved in the pathogenesis of both insulin resistance and T2DM, particularly in elderly people. Impairment of autophagy results in further aggravation of diabetes-related metabolic derangements in insulin target tissues, including the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, as well as in pancreatic β-cells. This Review summarizes the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases associated with or occurring in the context of ageing, including insulin resistance, T2DM and sarcopenic obesity, and describes its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Kitada
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kusatsu General Hospital, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.
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Elseady WS, Abd Ellatif RA, Estfanous RS, Emam MN, Keshk WA. New insight on the role of liraglutide in alleviating dexamethasone-induced pancreatic cytotoxicity via improving redox status, autophagy flux, and PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:1217-1225. [PMID: 34197718 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic glucocorticoids therapy is commonly complicated by steroid diabetes, although the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1, was initially found to induce glycemic control and recently it was found to have many pleotropic effects; however, its role in pancreas remains unknown. The present study aims to estimate the protective role of liraglutide on dexamethasone-induced pancreatic cytotoxicity and hyperglycemia, highlighting the possible underlying biochemical, molecular, and cellular mechanisms. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were involved in this study and were randomly divided into four groups. Group III and IV were treated with 1 mg/kg dexamethasone daily for 10 days. Group II and IV were treated with liraglutide in a dose of 0.8 mg/kg per day for 2 weeks. Pancreatic caspase-9, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), phospho-protein kinase-B (pAkt), and sequestrome 1 (p62) levels were assessed by immunoassay. Moreover, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) expression by real-time PCR, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3B) expression by immunohistochemistry, glycemic status, β-cell function by homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA) β index, and pancreatic redox status were assessed. Liraglutide improved blood glucose level, β-cell function, pancreatic caspase-9 level, redox status, and autophagy. Additionally, it increased pancreatic PI3K, pAkt, and Nrf2 levels. Moreover, preservation of pancreatic histological and the ultrastructural morphological features of β- and α-cells were observed. In conclusion, liraglutide protected against dexamethasone-induced pancreatic injury and hyperglycemia and decelerated the progression towards steroid diabetes via activating PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling and autophagy flux pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa S Elseady
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | | | | | - Marwa N Emam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Keshk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
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Cathepsin C Regulates Cytokine-Induced Apoptosis in β-Cell Model Systems. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111694. [PMID: 34828301 PMCID: PMC8622156 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that several of the lysosomal cathepsin proteases are genetically associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and participate in immune-mediated destruction of the pancreatic β cells. We previously reported that the T1D candidate gene cathepsin H is downregulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in human pancreatic islets and regulates β-cell function, apoptosis, and disease progression in children with new-onset T1D. In the present study, the objective was to investigate the expression patterns of all 15 known cathepsins in β-cell model systems and examine their role in the regulation of cytokine-induced apoptosis. Real-time qPCR screening of the cathepsins in human islets, 1.1B4 and INS-1E β-cell models identified several cathepsins that were expressed and regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Using small interfering RNAs to knock down (KD) the cytokine-regulated cathepsins, we identified an anti-apoptotic function of cathepsin C as KD increased cytokine-induced apoptosis. KD of cathepsin C correlated with increased phosphorylation of JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, and elevated chemokine CXCL10/IP-10 expression. This study suggests that cathepsin C is a modulator of β-cell survival, and that immune modulation of cathepsin expression in islets may contribute to immune-mediated β-cell destruction in T1D.
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Kahn SE, Chen YC, Esser N, Taylor AJ, van Raalte DH, Zraika S, Verchere CB. The β Cell in Diabetes: Integrating Biomarkers With Functional Measures. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:528-583. [PMID: 34180979 PMCID: PMC9115372 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hyperglycemia observed in most forms of diabetes is intimately tied to the islet β cell. Impairments in propeptide processing and secretory function, along with the loss of these vital cells, is demonstrable not only in those in whom the diagnosis is established but typically also in individuals who are at increased risk of developing the disease. Biomarkers are used to inform on the state of a biological process, pathological condition, or response to an intervention and are increasingly being used for predicting, diagnosing, and prognosticating disease. They are also proving to be of use in the different forms of diabetes in both research and clinical settings. This review focuses on the β cell, addressing the potential utility of genetic markers, circulating molecules, immune cell phenotyping, and imaging approaches as biomarkers of cellular function and loss of this critical cell. Further, we consider how these biomarkers complement the more long-established, dynamic, and often complex measurements of β-cell secretory function that themselves could be considered biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Kahn
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, 98108 WA, USA
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Nathalie Esser
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, 98108 WA, USA
| | - Austin J Taylor
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Daniël H van Raalte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Academic Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sakeneh Zraika
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, 98108 WA, USA
| | - C Bruce Verchere
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
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45
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Brimson JM, Prasanth MI, Malar DS, Thitilertdecha P, Kabra A, Tencomnao T, Prasansuklab A. Plant Polyphenols for Aging Health: Implication from Their Autophagy Modulating Properties in Age-Associated Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100982. [PMID: 34681206 PMCID: PMC8538309 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are a family of naturally occurring organic compounds, majorly present in fruits, vegetables, and cereals, characterised by multiple phenol units, including flavonoids, tannic acid, and ellagitannin. Some well-known polyphenols include resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, catechin, hesperetin, cyanidin, procyanidin, caffeic acid, and genistein. They can modulate different pathways inside the host, thereby inducing various health benefits. Autophagy is a conserved process that maintains cellular homeostasis by clearing the damaged cellular components and balancing cellular survival and overall health. Polyphenols could maintain autophagic equilibrium, thereby providing various health benefits in mediating neuroprotection and exhibiting anticancer and antidiabetic properties. They could limit brain damage by dismantling misfolded proteins and dysfunctional mitochondria, thereby activating autophagy and eliciting neuroprotection. An anticarcinogenic mechanism is stimulated by modulating canonical and non-canonical signalling pathways. Polyphenols could also decrease insulin resistance and inhibit loss of pancreatic islet β-cell mass and function from inducing antidiabetic activity. Polyphenols are usually included in the diet and may not cause significant side effects that could be effectively used to prevent and treat major diseases and ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Michael Brimson
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (J.M.B.); (M.I.P.); (D.S.M.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Mani Iyer Prasanth
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (J.M.B.); (M.I.P.); (D.S.M.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Dicson Sheeja Malar
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (J.M.B.); (M.I.P.); (D.S.M.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Premrutai Thitilertdecha
- Siriraj Research Group in Immunobiology and Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Atul Kabra
- Department of Pharmacology, University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Sahibzad Ajit Singh Nagar 140413, Punjab, India;
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (J.M.B.); (M.I.P.); (D.S.M.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Anchalee Prasansuklab
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (J.M.B.); (M.I.P.); (D.S.M.)
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (A.P.)
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Inhibition of Notch activity promotes pancreatic cytokeratin 5-positive cell differentiation to beta cells and improves glucose homeostasis following acute pancreatitis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:867. [PMID: 34556631 PMCID: PMC8460737 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Some individuals develop prediabetes and/or diabetes following acute pancreatitis (AP). AP-induced beta-cell injury and the limited regenerative capacity of beta cells might account for pancreatic endocrine insufficiency. Previously, we found that only a few pancreatic cytokeratin 5 positive (Krt5+) cells differentiated into beta cells in the murine AP model, which was insufficient to maintain glucose homeostasis. Notch signaling determines pancreatic progenitor differentiation in pancreas development. This study aimed to examine whether Notch signaling inhibition could promote pancreatic Krt5+ cell differentiation into beta cells and improve glucose homeostasis following AP. Pancreatic tissues from patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) were used to evaluate beta-cell injury, Krt5+ cell activation and differentiation, and Notch activity. The murine AP model was induced by cerulein, and the effect of Notch inhibition on Krt5+ cell differentiation was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro. The results demonstrated beta-cell loss in ANP patients and AP mice. Krt5+ cells were activated in ANP pancreases along with persistently elevated Notch activity, which resulted in the formation of massive duct-like structures. AP mice that received Notch inhibitor showed that impaired glucose tolerance was reversed 7 and 15 days following AP, and increased numbers of newborn small islets due to increased differentiation of Krt5+ cells to beta cells to some extent. In addition, Krt5+ cells isolated from AP mice showed increased differentiation to beta cells by Notch inhibition. Collectively, these findings suggest that beta-cell loss contributes to pancreatic endocrine insufficiency following AP, and inhibition of Notch activity promotes pancreatic Krt5+ cell differentiation to beta cells and improves glucose homeostasis. The findings from this study may shed light on the potential treatment of prediabetes/diabetes following AP.
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Living with the enemy: from protein-misfolding pathologies we know, to those we want to know. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101391. [PMID: 34119687 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Conformational diseases are caused by the aggregation of misfolded proteins. The risk for such pathologies develops years before clinical symptoms appear, and is higher in people with alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) polymorphisms. Thousands of people with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) are underdiagnosed. Enemy-aggregating proteins may reside in these underdiagnosed AATD patients for many years before a pathology for AATD fully develops. In this perspective review, we hypothesize that the AAT protein could exert a new and previously unconsidered biological effect as an endogenous metal ion chelator that plays a significant role in essential metal ion homeostasis. In this respect, AAT polymorphism may cause an imbalance of metal ions, which could be correlated with the aggregation of amylin, tau, amyloid beta, and alpha synuclein proteins in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, respectively.
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Koike S, Hsu MF, Bettaieb A, Chu B, Matsumoto N, Morisseau C, Havel PJ, Huising MO, Hammock BD, Haj FG. Genetic deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase ameliorates high fat diet-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and loss. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:48-57. [PMID: 34038767 PMCID: PMC9901526 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are crucial regulators of systemic glucose homeostasis, and their dysfunction and loss are central features in type 2 diabetes. Interventions that rectify β-cell dysfunction and loss are essential to combat this deadly malady. In the current study, we sought to delineate the role of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in β-cells under diet-induced metabolic stress. The expression of sEH was upregulated in murine and macaque diabetes models and islets of diabetic human patients. We postulated that hyperglycemia-induced elevation in sEH leads to a reduction in its substrates, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and attenuates the function of β-cells. Genetic deficiency of sEH potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mice, likely in a cell-autonomous manner, contributing to better systemic glucose control. Consistent with this observation, genetic and pharmacological inactivation of sEH and the treatment with EETs exhibited insulinotropic effects in isolated murine islets ex vivo. Additionally, sEH deficiency enhanced glucose sensing and metabolism with elevated ATP and cAMP concentrations. This phenotype was associated with attenuated oxidative stress and diminished β-cell death in sEH deficient islets. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of sEH in vivo mitigated, albeit partly, high fat diet-induced β-cell loss and dedifferentiation. The current observations provide new insights into the role of sEH in β-cells and information that may be leveraged for the development of a mechanism-based intervention to rectify β-cell dysfunction and loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Koike
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ming-Fo Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bryan Chu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Naoki Matsumoto
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Mark O Huising
- Department of Neurobiology & Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Fawaz G Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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Zummo FP, Krishnanda SI, Georgiou M, O'Harte FP, Parthsarathy V, Cullen KS, Honkanen-Scott M, Shaw JA, Lovat PE, Arden C. Exendin-4 stimulates autophagy in pancreatic β-cells via the RAPGEF/EPAC-Ca 2+-PPP3/calcineurin-TFEB axis. Autophagy 2021; 18:799-815. [PMID: 34338148 PMCID: PMC9037459 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1956123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is critical for the regulation of pancreatic β-cell mass and its deregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We have previously shown that treatment of pancreatic β-cells with the GLP1R (glucagon like peptide 1 receptor) agonist exendin-4 stimulates autophagic flux in a setting of chronic nutrient excess. The aim of this study was to identify the underlying pathways contributing to enhanced autophagic flux. Pancreatic β-cells (INS-1E),mouse and human islets were treated with glucolipotoxic stress (0.5 mM palmitate and 25 mM glucose) in the presence of exendin-4. Consistent with our previous work, exendin-4 stimulated autophagic flux. Using chemical inhibitors and siRNA knockdown, we identified RAPGEF4/EPAC2 (Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4) and downstream calcium signaling to be essential for regulation of autophagic flux by exendin-4. This pathway was independent of AMPK and MTOR signaling. Further analysis identified PPP3/calcineurin and its downstream regulator TFEB (transcription factor EB) as key proteins mediating exendin-4 induced autophagy. Importantly, inhibition of this pathway prevented exendin-4-mediated cell survival and overexpression of TFEB mimicked the cell protective effects of exendin-4 in INS-1E and human islets. Moreover, treatment of db/db mice with exendin-4 for 21 days increased the expression of lysosomal markers within the pancreatic islets. Collectively our data identify the RAPGEF4/EPAC2-calcium-PPP3/calcineurin-TFEB axis as a key mediator of autophagic flux, lysosomal function and cell survival in pancreatic β-cells. Pharmacological modulation of this axis may offer a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of T2D. Abbreviations: AKT1/protein kinase B: AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; AMPK: 5’ AMP-activated protein kinase; CAMKK: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase; cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate; CASP3: caspase 3; CREB: cAMP response element-binding protein; CTSD: cathepsin D; Ex4: exendin-4(1-39); GLP-1: glucagon like peptide 1; GLP1R: glucagon like peptide 1 receptor; GLT: glucolipotoxicity; INS: insulin; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NFAT: nuclear factor of activated T-cells; PPP3/calcineurin: protein phosphatase 3; PRKA/PKA: protein kinase cAMP activated; RAPGEF3/EPAC1: Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3; RAPGEF4/EPAC2: Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; T2D: type 2 diabetes; TFEB: transcription factor EB
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco P Zummo
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stanislaus I Krishnanda
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Merilin Georgiou
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Finbarr Pm O'Harte
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Vadivel Parthsarathy
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Kirsty S Cullen
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Minna Honkanen-Scott
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - James Am Shaw
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Penny E Lovat
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Catherine Arden
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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50
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Role of Herbal Teas in Regulating Cellular Homeostasis and Autophagy and Their Implications in Regulating Overall Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072162. [PMID: 34201882 PMCID: PMC8308238 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is one of the most popular and widely consumed beverages worldwide, and possesses numerous potential health benefits. Herbal teas are well-known to contain an abundance of polyphenol antioxidants and other ingredients, thereby implicating protection and treatment against various ailments, and maintaining overall health in humans, although their mechanisms of action have not yet been fully identified. Autophagy is a conserved mechanism present in organisms that maintains basal cellular homeostasis and is essential in mediating the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer, type II diabetes, obesity, and Alzheimer’s disease. The increasing prevalence of these diseases, which could be attributed to the imbalance in the level of autophagy, presents a considerable challenge in the healthcare industry. Natural medicine stands as an effective, safe, and economical alternative in balancing autophagy and maintaining homeostasis. Tea is a part of the diet for many people, and it could mediate autophagy as well. Here, we aim to provide an updated overview of popular herbal teas’ health-promoting and disease healing properties and in-depth information on their relation to autophagy and its related signaling molecules. The present review sheds more light on the significance of herbal teas in regulating autophagy, thereby improving overall health.
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