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Jiang R, Collins KA, Huffman KM, Hauser ER, Hubal MJ, Johnson JL, Williams RB, Siegler IC, Kraus WE. Genome-Wide Genetic Analysis of Dropout in a Controlled Exercise Intervention in Sedentary Adults With Overweight or Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease. Ann Behav Med 2024; 58:363-374. [PMID: 38489667 PMCID: PMC11008589 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the benefits of exercise, many individuals are unable or unwilling to adopt an exercise intervention. PURPOSE The purpose of this analysis was to identify putative genetic variants associated with dropout from exercise training interventions among individuals in the STRRIDE trials. METHODS We used a genome-wide association study approach to identify genetic variants in 603 participants initiating a supervised exercise intervention. Exercise intervention dropout occurred when a subject withdrew from further participation in the study or was otherwise lost to follow-up. RESULTS Exercise intervention dropout was associated with a cluster of single-nucleotide polymorphisms with the top candidate being rs722069 (T/C, risk allele = C) (unadjusted p = 2.2 × 10-7, odds ratio = 2.23) contained within a linkage disequilibrium block on chromosome 16. In Genotype-Tissue Expression, rs722069 is an expression quantitative trait locus of the EARS2, COG7, and DCTN5 genes in skeletal muscle tissue. In subsets of the STRRIDE genetic cohort with available muscle gene expression (n = 37) and metabolic data (n = 82), at baseline the C allele was associated with lesser muscle expression of EARS2 (p < .002) and COG7 (p = .074) as well as lesser muscle concentrations of C2- and C3-acylcarnitines (p = .026). CONCLUSIONS Our observations imply that exercise intervention dropout is genetically moderated through alterations in gene expression and metabolic pathways in skeletal muscle. Individual genetic traits may allow the development of a biomarker-based approach for identifying individuals who may benefit from more intensive counseling and other interventions to optimize exercise intervention adoption. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION STRRIDE I = NCT00200993; STRRIDE AT/RT = NCT00275145; STRRIDE-PD = NCT00962962.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Katherine A Collins
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kim M Huffman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Hauser
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Monica J Hubal
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Johanna L Johnson
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Redford B Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ilene C Siegler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William E Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Ping WX, Hu S, Su JQ, Ouyang SY. Metabolic disorders in prediabetes: From mechanisms to therapeutic management. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:361-377. [PMID: 38591088 PMCID: PMC10999048 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, one of the world's top ten diseases, is known for its high mortality and complication rates and low cure rate. Prediabetes precedes the onset of diabetes, during which effective treatment can reduce diabetes risk. Prediabetes risk factors include high-calorie and high-fat diets, sedentary lifestyles, and stress. Consequences may include considerable damage to vital organs, including the retina, liver, and kidneys. Interventions for treating prediabetes include a healthy lifestyle diet and pharmacological treatments. However, while these options are effective in the short term, they may fail due to the difficulty of long-term implementation. Medications may also be used to treat prediabetes. This review examines prediabetic treatments, particularly metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, vitamin D, and herbal medicines. Given the remarkable impact of prediabetes on the progression of diabetes mellitus, it is crucial to intervene promptly and effectively to regulate prediabetes. However, the current body of research on prediabetes is limited, and there is considerable confusion surrounding clinically relevant medications. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the pathogenesis of pre-diabetes mellitus and its associated therapeutic drugs. The ultimate goal is to facilitate the clinical utilization of medications and achieve efficient and timely control of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xin Ping
- Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shan Hu
- Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jing-Qian Su
- Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian Province, China
| | - Song-Ying Ouyang
- Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian Province, China
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Wang Y, Wang S, Meng X, Zhou H. Effect of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Physiol Behav 2024; 275:114459. [PMID: 38190958 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, cardiovascular diseases in adolescents have become more serious. High intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) have been shown to improve cardiovascular diseases in adolescents. Meta-analysis was conducted to compare the effects of HIIT and MICT on cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents. METHODS Randomised controlled trials of HIIT and MICT for cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents up to January 2023 were searched using authoritative databases such as CNKI, Web of Science, PubMed, and EBSCO. Data analysis was performed using Review Manage 5.4 and Stata 14.0. RESULTS A total of 12 studies involving 468 participants, mean age 15.19±4.35, were included in the study. The findings showed that compared with MICT, HIIT reduced adolescents' body weight (SMD=-0.18, 95 %CI=-0.58, 0.21) and increased maximal oxygen uptake (SMD=0.56, 95 %CI=0.20, 0.93) and high-density lipoprotein (SMD=-0.47, 95 % CI=-1.11, 0.17), and improved systolic blood pressure (SMD=-0.35, 95 %CI=-0.78, 0.09), glucose (SMD=-1.53, 95 %CI=-2.93, -0.13), and insulin (SMD=-0.66, 95 % CI=-1.73, 0.41), p<0.05. HIIT and MICT improved BMI, fat mass, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL, with no significant difference between these training types. CONCLUSION HIIT was better than MICT for improving cardiovascular health in adolescents, with better effects on body weight, BMI, fat mass, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, maximal oxygen uptake, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, glucose, and insulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- School of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Xiangshan District, Huaibei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shun Wang
- School of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Xiangshan District, Huaibei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Xiangwu Meng
- School of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Xiangshan District, Huaibei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Husheng Zhou
- School of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Xiangshan District, Huaibei, Anhui Province, China.
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Andonian BJ, Ross LM, Sudnick AM, Johnson JL, Pieper CF, Belski KB, Counts JD, King AP, Wallis JT, Bennett WC, Gillespie JC, Moertl KM, Richard D, Huebner JL, Connelly MA, Siegler IC, Kraus WE, Bales CW, Porter Starr KN, Huffman KM. Effect of Remotely Supervised Weight Loss and Exercise Training Versus Lifestyle Counseling on Cardiovascular Risk and Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ACR Open Rheumatol 2024; 6:124-136. [PMID: 38126260 PMCID: PMC10933621 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare a remotely supervised weight loss and exercise intervention to lifestyle counseling for effects on cardiovascular disease risk, disease activity, and patient-reported outcomes in older patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and overweight/obesity. METHODS Twenty older (60-80 years), previously sedentary participants with seropositive RA and overweight/obesity were randomized to 16 weeks of either Supervised Weight loss and Exercise Training (SWET) or Counseling Health As Treatment (CHAT). The SWET group completed aerobic training (150 minutes/week moderate-to-vigorous intensity), resistance training (two days/week), and a hypocaloric diet (7% weight loss goal). The CHAT control group completed two lifestyle counseling sessions followed by monthly check-ins. The primary outcome was a composite metabolic syndrome z-score (MSSc) derived from fasting glucose, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, minimal waist circumference, and mean arterial pressure. Secondary outcomes included RA disease activity and patient-reported outcomes. RESULTS Both groups improved MSSc (absolute change -1.67 ± 0.64 in SWET; -1.34 ± 1.30 in CHAT; P < 0.01 for both groups) with no between-group difference. Compared with CHAT, SWET significantly improved body weight, fat mass, Disease Activity Score-28 C-reactive protein, and patient-reported physical health, physical function, mental health, and fatigue (P < 0.04 for all between-group comparisons). Based on canonical correlations for fat mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, and leg strength, component-specific effects were strongest for (1) weight loss improving MSSc, physical health, and mental health; (2) aerobic training improving physical function and fatigue; and (3) resistance training improving Disease Activity Score-28 C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION In older patients with RA and overweight/obesity, 16 weeks of remotely supervised weight loss, aerobic training, and resistance training improve cardiometabolic health, patient-reported outcomes, and disease activity. Less intensive lifestyle counseling similarly improves cardiovascular disease risk profiles, suggesting an important role for integrative interventions in the routine clinical care of this at-risk RA population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Andonian
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology InstituteDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Leanna M. Ross
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Alyssa M. Sudnick
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Johanna L. Johnson
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Carl F. Pieper
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology InstituteDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Kelsey B. Belski
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Julie D. Counts
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | | | | | - William C. Bennett
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Jillian C. Gillespie
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Kaileigh M. Moertl
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Dylan Richard
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Janet L. Huebner
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | | | - Ilene C. Siegler
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology InstituteDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - William E. Kraus
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | | | | | - Kim M. Huffman
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology InstituteDurhamNorth Carolina
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Zhang X, Zhang J, Ren Y, Sun R, Zhai X. Unveiling the pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches for diabetic nephropathy: insights from panvascular diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1368481. [PMID: 38455648 PMCID: PMC10918691 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1368481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) represents a significant microvascular complication in diabetes, entailing intricate molecular pathways and mechanisms associated with cardiorenal vascular diseases. Prolonged hyperglycemia induces renal endothelial dysfunction and damage via metabolic abnormalities, inflammation, and oxidative stress, thereby compromising hemodynamics. Concurrently, fibrotic and sclerotic alterations exacerbate glomerular and tubular injuries. At a macro level, reciprocal communication between the renal microvasculature and systemic circulation establishes a pernicious cycle propelling disease progression. The current management approach emphasizes rigorous control of glycemic levels and blood pressure, with renin-angiotensin system blockade conferring renoprotection. Novel antidiabetic agents exhibit renoprotective effects, potentially mediated through endothelial modulation. Nonetheless, emerging therapies present novel avenues for enhancing patient outcomes and alleviating the disease burden. A precision-based approach, coupled with a comprehensive strategy addressing global vascular risk, will be pivotal in mitigating the cardiorenal burden associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ranran Sun
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhai
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang H, Guo Y, Hua G, Guo C, Gong S, Li M, Yang Y. Exercise training modalities in prediabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1308959. [PMID: 38440785 PMCID: PMC10911289 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1308959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lifestyle modification based on exercise intervention is still the primary way to delay or reverse the development of diabetes in patients with prediabetes. However, there are still challenges in setting up a detailed exercise prescription for people with prediabetes. This study mainly ranks exercise prescriptions by comparing the improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism and the level of weight loss in patients. Method All studies on exercise intervention in prediabetes were identified by searching five electronic databases. Risk assessment and meta-analysis were performed on eligible studies. Results Twenty-four studies involving 1946 patients with prediabetes and seven exercise intervention models were included in the final analysis. The meta-analysis showed that exercise of any type was more effective for glycemic control in prediabetes than no exercise. However, the changes in blood glucose were moderate. In prediabetes, combining moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with low-to moderate-load resistance training showed the most significant improvements in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), body weight (BW), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) (P-score=0.82; 0.70; 0.87; 1; 0.99), low-to moderate-load resistance training showed the most significant improvements in fasting blood glucose (FBG) (P-score=0.98), the vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise showed the most significant improvements in 2-hour post-meal blood glucose (2hPG) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P-score=0.79; 0.78), and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise showed the most significant improvements in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P-score=0.78). Conclusion In summary, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, low-to moderate-load resistance training and the combination of both have beneficial effects on glycemic control, weight loss, and cardiovascular health in patients with prediabetes. These findings provide valuable guidance for rehabilitation clinicians and patients alike to follow. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD 42021284922.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuting Guo
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangshun Hua
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenyang Guo
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Simiao Gong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Medical Department of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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7
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Parker DC, Whitson HE, Smith PJ, Kraus VB, Huebner JL, North R, Kraus WE, Cohen HJ, Huffman KM. Anti-CMV IgG Seropositivity is Associated with Plasma Biomarker Evidence of Amyloid-β Accumulation. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:593-600. [PMID: 38393897 PMCID: PMC10960581 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Some human studies have identified infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV), a member of the alpha herpesvirus family, as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). To our knowledge, no studies have evaluated associations of CMV seropositivity with plasma biomarkers of ADRD risk in middle-aged adults. Objective In participants recruited for an exercise study, we evaluated cross-sectional associations of CMV seropositivity with: Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, a low ratio suggestive of central nervous system Aβ accumulation; glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a measure of neuroinflammation; and neurofilament light (NfL), a measure of neurodegeneration. Methods Anti-CMV IgG was quantified by ELISA. Plasma ADRD biomarkers were quantified using the ultrasensitive SIMOA assay. We used linear regression to evaluate associations of CMV seropositivity with the ADRD biomarkers, adjusting for age, sex, and race (n = 303; Age = 55.7±9.2 years). For ADRD biomarkers significantly associated with CMV seropositivity, we evaluated continuous associations of anti-CMV IgG levels with the ADRD biomarkers, excluding CMV seronegative participants. Results 53% of participants were CMV seropositive. CMV seropositivity was associated with a lesser Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (β=-3.02e-03 95% CI [-5.97e-03, -7.18e-05]; p = 0.045). In CMV seropositive participants, greater anti-CMV IgG levels were associated with a lesser Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (β=-4.85e-05 95% CI[-8.45e-05, -1.25e-05]; p = 0.009). CMV seropositivity was not associated with plasma GFAP or NfL in adjusted analyses. Conclusions CMV seropositivity was associated with a lesser plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. This association may be direct and causally related to CMV neuro-cytotoxicity or may be indirect and mediated by inflammatory factors resulting from CMV infection burden and/or the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Parker
- Duke University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Heather E. Whitson
- Duke University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Durham, NC, USA
- Durham VA Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Durham, NC USA
| | - Patrick J. Smith
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Department of Psychiatry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Virginia B. Kraus
- Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Janet L. Huebner
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca North
- Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William E. Kraus
- Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Harvey Jay Cohen
- Duke University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Durham, NC, USA
- Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kim M. Huffman
- Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Durham, NC, USA
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Tocantins C, Martins JD, Rodrigues ÓM, Grilo LF, Diniz MS, Stevanovic-Silva J, Beleza J, Coxito P, Rizo-Roca D, Santos-Alves E, Rios M, Carvalho L, Moreno AJ, Ascensão A, Magalhães J, Oliveira PJ, Pereira SP. Metabolic mitochondrial alterations prevail in the female rat heart 8 weeks after exercise cessation. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e14069. [PMID: 37525474 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of high-caloric diets strongly contributes to the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Exercise (along with diet intervention) is one of the primary non-pharmacological approaches to promote a healthier lifestyle and counteract the rampant prevalence of NCDs. The present study evaluated the effects of exercise cessation after a short period training on the cardiac metabolic and mitochondrial function of female rats. METHODS Seven-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a control or a high-fat, high-sugar (HFHS) diet and, after 7 weeks, the animals were kept on a sedentary lifestyle or submitted to endurance exercise for 3 weeks (6 days per week, 20-60 min/day). The cardiac samples were analysed 8 weeks after exercise cessation. RESULTS The consumption of the HFHS diet triggered impaired glucose tolerance, whereas the HFHS diet and physical exercise resulted in different responses in plasma adiponectin and leptin levels. Cardiac mitochondrial respiration efficiency was decreased by the HFHS diet consumption, which led to reduced ATP and increased NAD(P)H mitochondrial levels, which remained prevented by exercise 8 weeks after cessation. Exercise training-induced cardiac adaptations in redox balance, namely increased relative expression of Nrf2 and downstream antioxidant enzymes persist after an eight-week exercise cessation period. CONCLUSIONS Endurance exercise modulated cardiac redox balance and mitochondrial efficiency in female rats fed a HFHS diet. These findings suggest that exercise may elicit cardiac adaptations crucial for its role as a non-pharmacological intervention for individuals at risk of developing NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Tocantins
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João D Martins
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Óscar M Rodrigues
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís F Grilo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana S Diniz
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jelena Stevanovic-Silva
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Beleza
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Coxito
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - David Rizo-Roca
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estela Santos-Alves
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manoel Rios
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lina Carvalho
- Institute of Anatomical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António J Moreno
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Ascensão
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana P Pereira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Bennasar-Veny M, Malih N, Galmes-Panades AM, Hernandez-Bermudez IC, Garcia-Coll N, Ricci-Cabello I, Yañez AM. Effect of physical activity and different exercise modalities on glycemic control in people with prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1233312. [PMID: 37842295 PMCID: PMC10569497 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1233312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have shown the beneficial effects of exercise on glycemic control in people with prediabetes. However, the most effective exercise modality for improving glycemic control remains unclear. We aimed to assess which exercise training modality is most effective in improving glycemic control in a population with prediabetes. Methods We conducted searches in Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, PEDro, BVS, and the Cochrane Library from inception to June 2022. Included studies reported fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and 2-hour postprandial (2hPP) levels and implemented an exercise program lasting at least 12 weeks in adults with prediabetes. We performed a direct meta-analysis using a random-effects model and a network meta-analysis. Cochran's Q statistic and the inconsistency I2 test were used to assess the heterogenicity between studies. Results Twenty trials were included, with 15 trials (comprising 775 participants with prediabetes) combined in the meta-analysis, and 13 in the network meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results did not show a statistically significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) after aerobic training (AT) intervention compared to a control group (mean (95%CI) difference = -5.18 (-13.48; 3.12) mg/dL, Z=1.22, p=0.22). However, a difference of -7.25 (-13.79; -0.71) mg/dL, p=0.03, in FPG after interval training (IT) intervention was detected compared to a control group. After resistance training (RT) intervention, FPG was significantly lower -6.71 (-12.65,-0.77) mg/dL, Z=2.21, p=0.03, and HbA1c by -0.13 (-0.55, 0.29), p=0.54, compared to the control group. The impact of RT compared to no intervention on 2hPP was not statistically significant (p=0.26). The network meta-analysis did not show statistical significance. Most of the studies presented an unclear risk of bias, and a low and very low-quality of evidence. According to the GRADE criteria, the strength of the body of evidence was low. Conclusion Resistance training and IT had demonstrated benefits on glycemic indices, especially on FPG, in a population with prediabetes. Further studies with larger sample sizes and a more robust methodology that compare different types of exercise modalities, frequencies, and durations, are needed to establish a beneficial exercise intervention. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=370688, identifier CRD42022370688.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Bennasar-Veny
- Global Health and Lifestyles Research Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
| | - Narges Malih
- Research Group on Global Health, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
| | - Aina M. Galmes-Panades
- Global Health and Lifestyles Research Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Research Group on Global Health, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Research Group (GICAFE), Institute for Educational Research and Innovation (IRIE), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | | | - Natalia Garcia-Coll
- Research Group on Global Health, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ricci-Cabello
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group in Primary Care and Promotion—Balearic Islands Community (GRAPP-caIB), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca (IB-Salut), Balearic Health Service, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Aina M. Yañez
- Global Health and Lifestyles Research Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
- Research Group on Global Health, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Di Murro E, Di Giuseppe G, Soldovieri L, Moffa S, Improta I, Capece U, Nista EC, Cinti F, Ciccarelli G, Brunetti M, Gasbarrini A, Pontecorvi A, Giaccari A, Mezza T. Physical Activity and Type 2 Diabetes: In Search of a Personalized Approach to Improving β-Cell Function. Nutrients 2023; 15:4202. [PMID: 37836486 PMCID: PMC10574038 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most widespread diseases worldwide. Lifestyle interventions, including diet and physical activity (PA), are fundamental non-pharmacological components of T2DM therapy. Exercise interventions are strongly recommended for people with or at risk of developing or already with overt diabetes, but adherence to PA guidelines in this population is still challenging. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of T2DM patients, driven by differing residual β-cell functionality, as well as the possibility of practicing different types and intensities of PA, has led to the need to develop tailored exercise and training plans. Investigations on blood glucose variation in response to exercise could help to clarify why individuals do not respond in the same way to PA, and to guide the prescription of personalized treatments. The aim of this review is to offer an updated overview of the current evidence on the effects of different regimens and modalities of PA regarding glucose sensing and β-cell secretory dynamics in individuals with prediabetes or T2DM, with a special focus on β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Di Murro
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.D.M.); (G.D.G.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (I.I.); (U.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.B.); (A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.C.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Gianfranco Di Giuseppe
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.D.M.); (G.D.G.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (I.I.); (U.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.B.); (A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.C.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Laura Soldovieri
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.D.M.); (G.D.G.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (I.I.); (U.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.B.); (A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.C.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Simona Moffa
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.D.M.); (G.D.G.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (I.I.); (U.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.B.); (A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.C.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Ilaria Improta
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.D.M.); (G.D.G.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (I.I.); (U.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.B.); (A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.C.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Umberto Capece
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.D.M.); (G.D.G.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (I.I.); (U.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.B.); (A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.C.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Enrico Celestino Nista
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.C.N.); (A.G.)
- Pancreas Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cinti
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.D.M.); (G.D.G.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (I.I.); (U.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.B.); (A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.C.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Gea Ciccarelli
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.D.M.); (G.D.G.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (I.I.); (U.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.B.); (A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.C.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Michela Brunetti
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.D.M.); (G.D.G.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (I.I.); (U.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.B.); (A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.C.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.C.N.); (A.G.)
- Pancreas Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.D.M.); (G.D.G.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (I.I.); (U.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.B.); (A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.C.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrea Giaccari
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.D.M.); (G.D.G.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (I.I.); (U.C.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (M.B.); (A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.C.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Teresa Mezza
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.C.N.); (A.G.)
- Pancreas Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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11
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Khalafi M, Sakhaei MH, Kazeminasab F, Rosenkranz SK, Symonds ME. Exercise training, dietary intervention, or combined interventions and their effects on lipid profiles in adults with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1662-1683. [PMID: 37414662 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effects of Ex (exercise training) vs. DI (dietary intervention) vs. combined Ex and DI on total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in adults with overweight and obesity. DATA SYNTHESIS PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched to identify original articles published until March 2022, using keywords for the categories "exercise training," "dietary intervention," "overweight and obesity," and "randomized." Studies that included lipid profiles as outcomes and performed in adults with body mass indexes (BMIs) ≥ 25 kg/m2 were included. A total of 80 studies involving 4804 adult participants were included in the meta-analysis. Ex was not as effective as DI for reducing TC and TG and was less effective for reducing LDL. In addition, Ex increased HDL to a greater extent than DI. Combined interventions decreased TC, TG, and LDL but did not increase HDL more than Ex alone. Combined interventions failed to reduce TC or LDL but decreased TG and increased HDL more than DI alone. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the combination of Ex and DI can be more effective than either Ex or DI alone in improving lipid profiles in adults with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Sakhaei
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Kazeminasab
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Centre for Perinatal Research, Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
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12
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Bennett WC, Collins KA, Johnson JL, Slentz CA, Willis LH, Bales CW, Huffman KM, Kraus WE. Effects of exercise amount and intensity versus a combined exercise and lifestyle intervention on metabolic syndrome in adults with prediabetes: a STRRIDE-PD randomized trial. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1199763. [PMID: 37520827 PMCID: PMC10375017 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1199763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this secondary analysis was to determine what portion of the effects of a Diabetes Prevention Program-like intervention on metabolic syndrome (MetS) could be achieved with exercise alone, as well as to determine the relative importance of exercise intensity and amount to the total exercise effect on MetS. Sedentary, overweight adults with prediabetes were randomly assigned to one of four 6-month interventions: 1) low-amount/moderate-intensity (10 kcal/kg/week at 50% peak V ˙ O 2 ); 2) high-amount/moderate-intensity (16 kcal/kg/week at 50% peak V ˙ O 2 ); 3) high-amount/vigorous-intensity (16 kcal/kg/week at 75% peak V ˙ O 2 ); or 4) diet (7% weight loss) plus low-amount/moderate-intensity (10 kcal/kg/week at 50% peak V ˙ O 2 ). The primary outcome of this secondary analysis was change in the MetS z-score. A total of 130 participants had complete data for all five Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III MetS criteria. The diet-and-exercise group statistically outperformed the MetS z-score and the ATP III score compared to the exercise alone group. Aerobic exercise alone achieved 24%-50% of the total effect of the combined diet-and-exercise intervention on the MetS score. Low-amount moderate-intensity exercise quantitatively performed equal to or better than the interventions of high-amount moderate-intensity or high-amount vigorous-intensity exercise in improving the MetS score. The combined diet-and-exercise intervention remains more efficacious in improving the MetS z-score. However, all three exercise interventions alone showed improvements in the MetS z-score, suggesting that a modest amount of moderate-intensity exercise is all that is required to achieve approximately half the effect of a diet-and-exercise intervention on the MetS. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT00962962.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C. Bennett
- Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Katherine A. Collins
- Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Johanna L. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Cris A. Slentz
- Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Leslie H. Willis
- Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Connie W. Bales
- Divison of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Durham VA Medical Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kim M. Huffman
- Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - William E. Kraus
- Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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13
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Collins KA, Huffman KM, Wolever RQ, Smith PJ, Siegler IC, Ross LM, Jakicic JM, Costa PT, Kraus WE. Race and sex differences in dropout from the STRRIDE trials. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1215704. [PMID: 37492634 PMCID: PMC10364164 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1215704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine if race and sex differences exist in determinants and timing of dropout among individuals enrolled in an exercise and/or caloric restriction intervention. Methods A total of 947 adults with dyslipidemia (STRRIDE I, STRRIDE AT/RT) or prediabetes (STRRIDE-PD) were randomized to either inactive control or to 1 of 10 exercise interventions, ranging from doses of 8-23 kcal/kg/week, intensities of 50%-75% V ˙ O 2 peak, and durations of 6-8 months. Two groups included resistance training, and one included a dietary intervention (7% weight loss goal). Dropout was defined as an individual withdrawn from the study, with the reasons for dropout aggregated into determinant categories. Timing of dropout was defined as the last session attended and aggregated into phases (i.e., "ramp" period to allow gradual adaptation to exercise prescription). Utilizing descriptive statistics, percentages were generated according to categories of determinants and timing of dropout to describe the proportion of individuals who fell within each category. Results Black men and women were more likely to be lost to follow-up (Black men: 31.3% and Black women: 19.6%), or dropout due to work responsibilities (15.6% and 12.5%), "change of mind" (12.5% and 8.9%), transportation issues (6.3% and 3.6%), or reported lack of motivation (6.3% and 3.6%). Women in general noted lack of time more often than men as a reason for dropout (White women: 22.4% and Black women: 22.1%). Regardless of race and sex, most participants dropped out during the ramp period of the exercise intervention; with Black women (50%) and White men (37.1%) having the highest dropout rate during this period. Conclusion These findings emphasize the importance of targeted retention strategies when aiming to address race and sex differences that exist in determinants and timing of dropout among individuals enrolled in an exercise and/or caloric restriction intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Collins
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kim M. Huffman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ruth Q. Wolever
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Patrick J. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ilene C. Siegler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Leanna M. Ross
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - John M. Jakicic
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Paul T. Costa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - William E. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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14
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Collins KA, Huffman KM, Wolever RQ, Smith PJ, Ross LM, Siegler IC, Jakicic JM, Costa PT, Kraus WE. Demographic, Clinical, and Psychosocial Predictors of Exercise Adherence: The STRRIDE Trials. TRANSLATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2023; 8:e000229. [PMID: 37808468 PMCID: PMC10553264 DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To identify baseline demographic, clinical, and psychosocial predictors of exercise intervention adherence in the Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise (STRRIDE) trials. Methods A total of 947 adults with dyslipidemia or prediabetes were enrolled into an inactive control group or one of ten exercise interventions with doses of 10-23 kcal/kg/week, intensities of 40-80% of peak oxygen consumption, and training for 6-8-months. Two groups included resistance training. Mean percent aerobic and resistance adherence were calculated as the amount completed divided by the prescribed weekly minutes or total sets of exercise times 100, respectively. Thirty-eight clinical, demographic, and psychosocial measures were considered for three separate models: 1) clinical + demographic factors, 2) psychosocial factors, and 3) all measures. A backward bootstrapped variable selection algorithm and multiple regressions were performed for each model. Results In the clinical and demographic measures model (n=947), variables explained 16.7% of the variance in adherence (p<0.001); lesser fasting glucose explained the greatest amount of variance (partial R2 = 3.2%). In the psychosocial factors model (n=561), variables explained 19.3% of the variance in adherence (p<0.001); greater 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) physical component score explained the greatest amount of variance (partial R2 = 8.7%). In the model with all clinical, demographic, and psychosocial measures (n=561), variables explained 22.1% of the variance (p<0.001); greater SF-36 physical component score explained the greatest amount of variance (partial R2 = 8.9%). SF-36 physical component score was the only variable to account for >5% of the variance in adherence in any of the models. Conclusions Baseline demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables explain approximately 22% of the variance in exercise adherence. The limited variance explained suggests future research should investigate additional measures to better identify participants who are at risk for poor exercise intervention adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Collins
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Kim M. Huffman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Ruth Q. Wolever
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Patrick J. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Leanna M. Ross
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Ilene C. Siegler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - John M. Jakicic
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Paul T. Costa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - William E. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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15
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Collins KA, Reeves GR, Miller NH, Whellan DJ, O’Connor CM, Marcus BH, Kitzman DW, Kraus WE. Clinical Predictors of Adherence to Exercise Training Among Individuals With Heart Failure: THE HF-ACTION STUDY. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2023; 43:205-213. [PMID: 36479935 PMCID: PMC10148892 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suboptimal adherence is a major limitation to achieving the benefits of exercise interventions, and our ability to predict and improve adherence is limited. The purpose of this analysis was to identify baseline clinical and demographic characteristics predicting exercise training adherence in the HF-ACTION study cohort. METHODS Adherence to exercise training, defined by the total duration of exercise performed (min/wk), was evaluated in 1159 participants randomized to the HF-ACTION exercise intervention. More than 50 clinical, demographic, and exercise testing variables were considered in developing a model of the min/wk end point for 1-3 mo (supervised training) and 10-12 mo (home-based training). RESULTS In the multivariable model for 1-3 mo, younger age, lower income, more severe mitral regurgitation, shorter 6-min walk test distance, lower exercise capacity, and Black or African American race were associated with poorer exercise intervention adherence. No variable accounted for >2% of the variance and the adjusted R2 for the final model was 0.14. Prediction of adherence was similarly limited for 10-12 mo. CONCLUSIONS Clinical and demographic variables available at the initiation of exercise training provide very limited information for identifying patients with heart failure who are at risk for poor adherence to exercise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nancy Houston Miller
- The Lifecare Company, Lost Altos, CA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Los Altos, CA
| | - David J Whellan
- Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Bess H. Marcus
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Dalane W. Kitzman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - William E. Kraus
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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Andonian B, Ross LM, Zidek AM, Fos LB, Piner LW, Johnson JL, Belski KB, Counts JD, Pieper CF, Siegler IC, Bales CW, Porter Starr KN, Kraus WE, Huffman KM. Remotely Supervised Weight Loss and Exercise Training to Improve Rheumatoid Arthritis Cardiovascular Risk: Rationale and Design of the Supervised Weight Loss Plus Exercise Training-Rheumatoid Arthritis Trial. ACR Open Rheumatol 2023; 5:252-263. [PMID: 36992545 PMCID: PMC10184018 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. RA CVD results from a combination of traditional risk factors and RA-related systemic inflammation. One hypothetical means of improving overall RA CVD risk is through reduction of excess body weight and increased physical activity. Together, weight loss and physical activity can improve traditional cardiometabolic health through fat mass loss, while also improving skeletal muscle health. Additionally, disease-related CVD risk may improve as both fat mass loss and exercise reduce systemic inflammation. To explore this hypothesis, 26 older persons with RA and overweight/obesity will be randomized to 16 weeks of a usual care control arm or to a remotely Supervised Weight Loss Plus Exercise Training (SWET) program. A caloric restriction diet (targeting 7% weight loss) will occur via a dietitian-led intervention, with weekly weigh-ins and group support sessions. Exercise training will consist of both aerobic training (150 minutes/week moderate-to-vigorous exercise) and resistance training (twice weekly). The SWET remote program will be delivered via a combination of video conference, the study YouTube channel, and study mobile applications. The primary cardiometabolic outcome is the metabolic syndrome Z score, calculated from blood pressure, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose. RA-specific CVD risk will be assessed with measures of systemic inflammation, disease activity, patient-reported outcomes, and immune cell function. The SWET-RA trial will be the first to assess whether a remotely supervised, combined lifestyle intervention improves cardiometabolic health in an at-risk population of older individuals with RA and overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liezl B. Fos
- Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Lucy W. Piner
- Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Connie W. Bales
- Duke University School of Medicine and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Kathryn N. Porter Starr
- Duke University School of Medicine and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
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Gorodeski Baskin R, Alfakara D. Root Cause for Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes: Can Lifestyle and Nutrition Be the Answer for Remission. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2023; 52:13-25. [PMID: 36754489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its association with metabolic syndrome are implicated in many disease states. Research has focused on the role of diet and lifestyle modifications in the evolution of prediabetes to diabetes seeking ways to intervene and improve outcomes. Proven nutritional include leaner proteins, an abundance of vegetables, extra-virgin olive oil, and controlled portioning of carbs and starches. The transition from a sedentary state to an exercise routine of moderate intensity has shown efficacy in lowering metabolic risks. The synergy of dietary and physical activity modifications are the building blocks for lifestyle modifications examined in this review as a means of preventing obesity-related diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revital Gorodeski Baskin
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Dima Alfakara
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Mclaughlin M, Hesketh KL, Horgan SL, Florida-James G, Cocks M, Strauss JA, Ross M. Ex Vivo treatment of coronary artery endothelial cells with serum post-exercise training offers limited protection against in vitro exposure to FEC-T chemotherapy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1079983. [PMID: 36818448 PMCID: PMC9932712 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1079983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemotherapy treatment for breast cancer associates with well-documented cardiovascular detriments. Exercise has shown promise as a potentially protective intervention against cardiac toxicity. However, there is a paucity of evidence for the benefits of exercise on the vasculature. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effects of chemotherapy on the vascular endothelium; and if there are protective effects of serological alterations elicited by an exercise training intervention. Methods and Results: 15 women participated in a 12-week home-based exercise intervention consisting of three high-intensity interval sessions per week. Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) were exposed to physiological concentrations of 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide (FEC) and docetaxel to determine a dose-response. Twenty-4 hours prior to FEC and docetaxel exposure, HCAECs were preconditioned with serum collected pre- and post-training. Annexin V binding and cleaved caspase-3 were assessed using flow cytometry and wound repair by scratch assays. Chemotherapy exposure increased HCAEC Annexin V binding, cleaved caspase-3 expression in a dose-dependent manner; and inhibited wound repair. Compared to pre-training serum, conditioning HCAECs with post-training serum, reduced Annexin V binding (42% vs. 30%, p = 0.01) when exposed to FEC. For docetaxel, there were no within-group differences (pre-vs post-exercise) for Annexin V binding or cleaved caspase-3 expression. There was a protective effect of post-training serum on wound repair for 5-flurouracil (p = 0.03) only. Conclusion: FEC-T chemotherapy drugs cause significant damage and dysfunction of endothelial cells. Preconditioning with serum collected after an exercise training intervention, elicited some protection against the usual toxicity of FEC-T, when compared to control serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Mclaughlin
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Lanarkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Katie L. Hesketh
- Liverpool John Moores University, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L. Horgan
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthew Cocks
- Liverpool John Moores University, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Juliette A. Strauss
- Liverpool John Moores University, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Ross
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Mark Ross,
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19
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Collins KA, Kraus WE, Rogers RJ, Hauser ER, Lang W, Jiang R, Schelbert EB, Huffman KM, Jakicic JM. Effect of behavioral weight-loss program on biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease risk: Heart Health Study randomized trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:338-349. [PMID: 36621902 PMCID: PMC9877129 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether novel biomarkers of cardiometabolic health improve in response to a 12-month behavioral weight-loss intervention and to compare benefits of diet alone with diet plus physical activity for these biomarkers. METHODS Participants (N = 374) were randomized to either diet alone (DIET), diet plus 150 min/wk of prescribed moderate-intensity physical activity (DIET + PA150), or diet plus 250 min/wk of prescribed moderate-intensity physical activity (DIET + PA250). Biomarker concentrations were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Mixed models assessed for a time effect, group effect, or group by time interaction. RESULTS All groups significantly improved body weight (time: p < 0.0001), Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index score (time: p < 0.0001), Diabetes Risk Index score (time: p < 0.0001), branched-chain amino acid concentration (time: p < 0.0001), and GlycA concentration (time: p < 0.0001), with no group effect or group by time interactions. CONCLUSIONS All intervention groups prompted a notable beneficial change among biomarkers of insulin resistance and cardiometabolic health. However, the addition of at least moderate-intensity physical activity to a diet-only intervention did not provide any additional benefit. These findings highlight that an average weight loss of approximately 10% profoundly impacts biomarkers of insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disease in adults with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Collins
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - William E. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth R. Hauser
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina USA
| | - Wei Lang
- Center on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erik B. Schelbert
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Minneapolis Heart Institute East, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kim M. Huffman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - John M. Jakicic
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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20
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Mirmiran P, Hosseini S, Bahadoran Z, Azizi F. Dietary pattern scores in relation to pre-diabetes regression to normal glycemia or progression to type 2 diabetes: a 9-year follow-up. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:20. [PMID: 36670395 PMCID: PMC9854100 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to assess potential associations of habitual dietary pattern scores in relation to the risk of pre-diabetes (Pre-DM) progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or the chance of returning to normal glycemia. METHODS This cohort study included 334 Pre-DM individuals (mean age of 49.4 years, and 51.5% men) who participated in the third phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006-2008) and followed up for a median of 9 years. A validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline assessed usual intakes of the participants. Major dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. The DASH score and Mediterranean diet score (MDS) were also calculated. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of developing T2DM and returning to normal glycemia in relation to dietary pattern scores. RESULTS During the study follow-up, 39.8% progressed to T2DM, and 39.8% returned to normal glycemia. Three following major dietary patterns, including Western-style (with a higher load of red meats, hydrogenated fats, sodium, and total fat intakes), healthy pattern (with a higher load of whole grains, vegetables, and dairy products), and processed-foods pattern (with a higher load of processed-meats, fast-foods, salty snakes, and sweets and candies) were identified. The Western-style dietary pattern increased the risk of progressing to T2DM by 38% (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.89, P = 0.050). Other dietary pattern scores were not related to regression or progression from Pre-DM. CONCLUSION The Western-style dietary pattern (characterized by higher load of red meats, hydrogenated fats, sodium intake, and high-GI foods) may accelerate the progression of Pre-DM to T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, A’rabi St, Yeman Av, P.O. Box, Velenjak, Tehran, 19395-4763 Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Hosseini
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, A’rabi St, Yeman Av, P.O. Box, Velenjak, Tehran, 19395-4763 Iran
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, A’rabi St, Yeman Av, P.O. Box, Velenjak, Tehran, 19395-4763 Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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HDL Functions-Current Status and Future Perspectives. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010105. [PMID: 36671490 PMCID: PMC9855960 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Western countries. A low HDL-C is associated with the development of CVD. However, recent epidemiology studies have shown U-shaped curves between HDL-C and CVD mortality, with paradoxically increased CVD mortality in patients with extremely high HDL-C levels. Furthermore, HDL-C raising therapy using nicotinic acids or CETP inhibitors mostly failed to reduce CVD events. Based on this background, HDL functions rather than HDL-C could be a novel biomarker; research on the clinical utility of HDL functionality is ongoing. In this review, we summarize the current status of HDL functions and their future perspectives from the findings of basic research and clinical trials.
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Tariq MNM, Stojanovska L, Dhaheri ASA, Cheikh Ismail L, Apostolopoulos V, Ali HI. Lifestyle Interventions for Prevention and Management of Diet-Linked Non-Communicable Diseases among Adults in Arab Countries. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 11:healthcare11010045. [PMID: 36611505 PMCID: PMC9819169 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased incidences of diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases among adults are becoming the chief public health concern in most Arab countries. Economic expansion has contributed to a nutrition shift from a traditional seasonal diet to Westernized eating habits coupled with a sedentary lifestyle. Despite the rising concern for NCD mortality, public health policies are inadequately addressed. This narrative review aims to discuss the effectiveness of nutritional interventions focusing on diet and physical activity in the management of NCDs among Arab adults. A comprehensive literature search was performed using different database platforms such as Cochrane reviews, Scopus, and PubMed for articles published between 1 December 2012 and 31 December 2021. Fifteen recent research articles addressing NCDs, mainly diabetes and obesity, from different Arab countries were included in this review. Structured lifestyle interventions involving behavioral therapy approaches and personalized goals for diet and physical activity were found to improve specific health outcomes in most studies. Significant improvements in health outcomes were reported for longer-duration interventions with follow-ups. A combination of both online and face-to-face sessions was found to be effective. It is important to identify barriers to physical activity for a culturally acceptable lifestyle intervention and conduct further studies to evaluate interventions for the long-term maintenance of health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Naveed Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Nutrition & Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Department of Nutrition & Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Ayesha S. Al Dhaheri
- Department of Nutrition & Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Habiba I. Ali
- Department of Nutrition & Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-03-713-6556
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Collins KA, Ross LM, Slentz CA, Huffman KM, Kraus WE. Differential Effects of Amount, Intensity, and Mode of Exercise Training on Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Homeostasis: A Narrative Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:90. [PMID: 35834023 PMCID: PMC9283590 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As type 2 diabetes remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, identifying the most appropriate preventive treatment early in the development of disease is an important public health matter. In general, lifestyle interventions incorporating exercise and weight loss via caloric restriction improve cardiometabolic risk by impacting several key markers of insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. However, variations in the effects of specific types of exercise interventions on these markers have led to conflicting results surrounding the optimal amount, intensity, and mode of exercise for optimal effects. Moreover, the addition of weight loss via caloric restriction to exercise interventions appears to differentially impact changes in body composition, metabolism, and insulin sensitivity compared to exercise alone. Determining the optimal amount, intensity, and mode of exercise having the most beneficial impact on glycemic status is both: (1) clinically important to provide guidelines for appropriate exercise prescription; and (2) physiologically important to understand the pathways by which exercise—with and without weight loss—impacts glycemic status to enhance precision lifestyle medicine. Thus, the purposes of this narrative review are to: (1) summarize findings from the three Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise (STRRIDE) randomized trials regarding the differential effects of exercise amount, intensity, and mode on insulin action and glucose homeostasis markers; and (2) compare the STRRIDE findings to other published dose–response exercise trials in order to piece together the various physiologic pathways by which specific exercise interventions—with or without weight loss—impact glycemic status.
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24
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Mukherji AB, Lu D, Qin F, Hedlin H, Johannsen NM, Chung S, Kobayashi Y, Haddad F, Lamendola C, Basina M, Talamoa R, Myers J, Palaniappan L. Effectiveness of a Community-Based Structured Physical Activity Program for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2247858. [PMID: 36542382 PMCID: PMC9857601 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.47858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The efficacy of physical activity interventions among individuals with type 2 diabetes has been established; however, practical approaches to translate and extend these findings into community settings have not been well explored. OBJECTIVE To test the effectiveness of providing varying frequencies of weekly structured exercise sessions to improve diabetes control. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The IMPACT (Initiate and Maintain Physical Activity in Communities Trial) study was a controlled randomized clinical trial (randomization occurred from October 2016 to April 2019) that included a 6-month, structured exercise intervention either once or thrice weekly vs usual care (UC; advice only). The exercise intervention was conducted at community-based fitness centers. Follow-up visits were conducted in a university research clinic. Participants included adults with type 2 diabetes (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] 6.5%-13.0%, not taking insulin, and no precluding health issues). Data analysis was performed from January to April 2022. INTERVENTIONS A once-weekly structured exercise group, a thrice-weekly structured exercise group, or UC. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was HbA1c at 6 months. RESULTS A total of 357 participants (143 women [40.1%]) with a mean (SD) age of 57.4 (11.1) years were randomized (119 each to the UC, once-weekly exercise, and thrice-weekly exercise groups). There was no significant difference in HbA1c change by study group in the intention-to-treat analysis at 6 months. Specifically, HbA1c changed by -0.23% (95% CI, -0.48% to 0.01%) in the thrice-weekly exercise group and by -0.16% (95% CI, -0.41% to 0.09%) in the once-weekly exercise group. A total of 62 participants (52.1%) in the once-weekly exercise group and 56 participants (47.1%) in the thrice-weekly exercise group were at least 50% adherent to the assigned structured exercise regimen and were included in the per-protocol analysis. Per-protocol analysis showed that HbA1c changed by -0.35% (95% CI, -0.60% to -0.10%; P = .005) at 3 months and by -0.38% (95% CI, -0.65% to -0.12%; P = .005) at 6 months in the thrice-weekly exercise group compared with UC. There was no significant decrease in HbA1c in the once-weekly exercise group. The exercise intervention was effective in improving self-reported minutes of metabolic equivalent tasks per week for participants in the thrice-weekly exercise group (both overall and per protocol). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Although the intervention was not effective in the intention-to-treat analysis, participants in the thrice-weekly exercise group who attended at least 50% of the sessions during the 6-month exercise intervention program improved HbA1c levels at 6 months. Future efforts should focus on improving adherence to thrice-weekly structured exercise programs to meet exercise guidelines. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02061579.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishee B. Mukherji
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Di Lu
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - FeiFei Qin
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Haley Hedlin
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Neil M. Johannsen
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge
| | - Sukyung Chung
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Yukari Kobayashi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Francois Haddad
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Cynthia Lamendola
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Marina Basina
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ruth Talamoa
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jonathan Myers
- Cardiology Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Latha Palaniappan
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Division of General Medical Disciplines, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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25
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Riyono A, Tinduh D, Othman Z, Herawati L. Moderate intensity continuous and interval training affect visceral fat and insulin resistance model in female rat exposed high calorie diet. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/cep220013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chronic high-calorie diet (HCD) combined with physical inactivity promotes obesity and insulin resistance (IR). This study aimed to analyse the comparable effect of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) on visceral fat weight and IR in subjects exposed to HCD. This randomised post-test research used only a control group design with female rats (Wistar norvegicus), 8 weeks old and 100-200 g of bodyweight. They were randomly divided into four groups: standard diet group (C), HCD group (C1), HCD combined with MICT group (C2) and HCD combined with MIIT group (C3). Each group consisted of six rats. HCD consisted of ad libitum standard diet plus dextrose solution by oral gavage for 4 weeks. The MICT was conducted by swimming plus 6% load of body weight for 10 min in the first week, for 20 min in the second week and 30 min in the third and fourth week. The MIIT was conducted by swimming in a ratio between swimming and rest time at 2:1 plus 6% load of BW, performed 5×/week for 4 weeks, and increased progressively. The mean body weight pre-intervention was 152.79±13.280 g and 150.12±9.195 g post-intervention (P=0.115). The mean fasting blood glucose pre-intervention was 79±8.668 mg/dl, and post-intervention 86.29±12.142 mg/dl (P=0.142). The mean visceral fat weight between C (1.94±0.66 g), C1 (1.45±0.47 g), C2 (1.41±0.44 g), and C3 (1.22±0.59 g) was not significant (P=0.179). The mean triglyceride level for C (173.33±30.30 mg/dl), C1 (157.16±47.32 mg/dl), C2 (112.83±25.49 mg/dl), and C3 (80.33±23.47 mg/dl) was significant (P=0.000). The mean IR model for C (4.796±0.070), C1 (4.728±0.125), C2 (4.620±0.123), C3 (4.360±0.143) was significant (P=0.000). In conclusion, both MICT and MIIT have an effect to improve IR and TG. The MIIT was more effective to improve IR compared to MICT in the female rats exposed to an HCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Riyono
- Master Program of Basic Medicine Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jalan Mayjend Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 4-8, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia
| | - D. Tinduh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jalan Mayjend Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 4-8, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia
| | - Z. Othman
- Faculty of Health and Life Science, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor 40100, Malaysia
| | - L. Herawati
- Departement of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl Prof Dr Moestopo 47, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia
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26
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Blonde L, Umpierrez GE, Reddy SS, McGill JB, Berga SL, Bush M, Chandrasekaran S, DeFronzo RA, Einhorn D, Galindo RJ, Gardner TW, Garg R, Garvey WT, Hirsch IB, Hurley DL, Izuora K, Kosiborod M, Olson D, Patel SB, Pop-Busui R, Sadhu AR, Samson SL, Stec C, Tamborlane WV, Tuttle KR, Twining C, Vella A, Vellanki P, Weber SL. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. Endocr Pract 2022; 28:923-1049. [PMID: 35963508 PMCID: PMC10200071 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this clinical practice guideline is to provide updated and new evidence-based recommendations for the comprehensive care of persons with diabetes mellitus to clinicians, diabetes-care teams, other health care professionals and stakeholders, and individuals with diabetes and their caregivers. METHODS The American Association of Clinical Endocrinology selected a task force of medical experts and staff who updated and assessed clinical questions and recommendations from the prior 2015 version of this guideline and conducted literature searches for relevant scientific papers published from January 1, 2015, through May 15, 2022. Selected studies from results of literature searches composed the evidence base to update 2015 recommendations as well as to develop new recommendations based on review of clinical evidence, current practice, expertise, and consensus, according to established American Association of Clinical Endocrinology protocol for guideline development. RESULTS This guideline includes 170 updated and new evidence-based clinical practice recommendations for the comprehensive care of persons with diabetes. Recommendations are divided into four sections: (1) screening, diagnosis, glycemic targets, and glycemic monitoring; (2) comorbidities and complications, including obesity and management with lifestyle, nutrition, and bariatric surgery, hypertension, dyslipidemia, retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease; (3) management of prediabetes, type 2 diabetes with antihyperglycemic pharmacotherapy and glycemic targets, type 1 diabetes with insulin therapy, hypoglycemia, hospitalized persons, and women with diabetes in pregnancy; (4) education and new topics regarding diabetes and infertility, nutritional supplements, secondary diabetes, social determinants of health, and virtual care, as well as updated recommendations on cancer risk, nonpharmacologic components of pediatric care plans, depression, education and team approach, occupational risk, role of sleep medicine, and vaccinations in persons with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS This updated clinical practice guideline provides evidence-based recommendations to assist with person-centered, team-based clinical decision-making to improve the care of persons with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Sethu Reddy
- Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Einhorn
- Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute, La Jolla, California
| | | | | | - Rajesh Garg
- Lundquist Institute/Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Darin Olson
- Colorado Mountain Medical, LLC, Avon, Colorado
| | | | | | - Archana R Sadhu
- Houston Methodist; Weill Cornell Medicine; Texas A&M College of Medicine; Houston, Texas
| | | | - Carla Stec
- American Association of Clinical Endocrinology, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Katherine R Tuttle
- University of Washington and Providence Health Care, Seattle and Spokane, Washington
| | | | | | | | - Sandra L Weber
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Greenville, Prisma Health System, Greenville, South Carolina
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Hamilton MT, Hamilton DG, Zderic TW. A potent physiological method to magnify and sustain soleus oxidative metabolism improves glucose and lipid regulation. iScience 2022; 25:104869. [PMID: 36034224 PMCID: PMC9404652 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow oxidative muscle, most notably the soleus, is inherently well equipped with the molecular machinery for regulating blood-borne substrates. However, the entire human musculature accounts for only ∼15% of the body’s oxidative metabolism of glucose at the resting energy expenditure, despite being the body’s largest lean tissue mass. We found the human soleus muscle could raise local oxidative metabolism to high levels for hours without fatigue, during a type of soleus-dominant activity while sitting, even in unfit volunteers. Muscle biopsies revealed there was minimal glycogen use. Magnifying the otherwise negligible local energy expenditure with isolated contractions improved systemic VLDL-triglyceride and glucose homeostasis by a large magnitude, e.g., 52% less postprandial glucose excursion (∼50 mg/dL less between ∼1 and 2 h) with 60% less hyperinsulinemia. Targeting a small oxidative muscle mass (∼1% body mass) with local contractile activity is a potent method for improving systemic metabolic regulation while prolonging the benefits of oxidative metabolism. We developed a method to capitalize upon the unique phenotype of the soleus “A high quality versus large quantity perspective” for muscle activation Singular movement targeting the 1 kg soleus easily sustains oxidative metabolism This method provides a distinct muscular activity stimulus for metabolic control
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc T. Hamilton
- Department Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Deborah G. Hamilton
- Department Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Theodore W. Zderic
- Department Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Interindividual Differences in Trainability and Moderators of Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Waist Circumference, and Body Mass Responses: A Large-Scale Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2022; 52:2837-2851. [PMID: 35781787 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Although many studies have assumed variability reflects variance caused by exercise training, few studies have examined whether interindividual differences in trainability are present following exercise training. The present individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis sought to: (1) investigate the presence of interindividual differences in trainability for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), waist circumference, and body mass; and (2) examine the influence of exercise training and potential moderators on the probability that an individual will experience clinically important differences. The IPD meta-analysis combined data from 1879 participants from eight previously published randomized controlled trials. We implemented a Bayesian framework to: (1) test the hypothesis of interindividual differences in trainability by comparing variability in change scores between exercise and control using Bayes factors; and (2) compare posterior predictions of control and exercise across a range of moderators (baseline body mass index (BMI) and exercise duration, intensity, amount, mode, and adherence) to estimate the proportions of participants expected to exceed minimum clinically important differences (MCIDs) for all three outcomes. Bayes factors demonstrated a lack of evidence supporting a high degree of variance attributable to interindividual differences in trainability across all three outcomes. These findings indicate that interindividual variability in observed changes are likely due to measurement error and external behavioural factors, not interindividual differences in trainability. Additionally, we found that a larger proportion of exercise participants were expected to exceed MCIDs compared with controls for all three outcomes. Moderator analyses identified that larger proportions were associated with a range of factors consistent with standard exercise theory and were driven by mean changes. Practitioners should prescribe exercise interventions known to elicit large mean changes to increase the probability that individuals will experience beneficial changes in CRF, waist circumference and body mass.
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Effectiveness of Interventional Studies on Type 2 Diabetes: A Decade Systematic Review. HEALTH SCOPE 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-120280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Context: Educational interventions on type 2 diabetes can have life-saving effects. A closer analysis of studies in this area contributes to well-designed interventions. Objectives: We surveyed the effectiveness of interventional studies on type 2 diabetes in the last decade. Data Sources: The research papers were obtained from PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran for Persian and English language studies between 2010 and 2019. The PRISMA checklist was used to select the studies for systematic reviews. Study Selection: The criteria for article selection were experimental studies, quasi-experimental studies, clinical trials, and pre-treatment and post-treatment observations. Also, the exclusion criteria were case studies, short articles, cross-sectional studies, descriptive and analytic studies, letters to the editor, and systematic review papers. Finally, 24 studies (out of 1,374) were entered in our study. Data Extraction: An interventional study checklist was used to report the standard of studies: (1) consolidated standards of reporting trials with 25 items; (2) checklist for experimental design with nine items; (3) checklist for quasi-experimental studies with nine items; and (4) transparent reporting of evaluations with non-randomized designs with 22 items. Results: Twenty-four research papers entered the final analysis. Most studies were clinical trials with the intervention period ranging from one to 12 months. Patients were usually selected as the participants. The education interventions in most studies were lectures, questions/answers, group discussions, brainstorming, photo/film/slide display, group teaching, individual training, individual counseling, and group counseling. The main focus of the interventions was on physical activity and diet, with positive effects. Conclusions: Most interventions made on type 2 diabetes variables had positive effects. Therefore, it is recommended that in addition to diet and physical activity, other factors of type 2 diabetes be considered in educational interventions. Also, the most effective and appropriate teaching methods should be considered to prevent and control this disease.
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Anti-hyperglycemic activity of HPLC-fractionated Momordica charantia seed extract enriched in a novel napin-like protein in experimental diabetic rats and its validation with recombinant napin-like protein. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Effects of Diet, Lifestyle, Chrononutrition and Alternative Dietary Interventions on Postprandial Glycemia and Insulin Resistance. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040823. [PMID: 35215472 PMCID: PMC8878449 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As years progress, we are found more often in a postprandial than a postabsorptive state. Chrononutrition is an integral part of metabolism, pancreatic function, and hormone secretion. Eating most calories and carbohydrates at lunch time and early afternoon, avoiding late evening dinner, and keeping consistent number of daily meals and relative times of eating occasions seem to play a pivotal role for postprandial glycemia and insulin sensitivity. Sequence of meals and nutrients also play a significant role, as foods of low density such as vegetables, salads, or soups consumed first, followed by protein and then by starchy foods lead to ameliorated glycemic and insulin responses. There are several dietary schemes available, such as intermittent fasting regimes, which may improve glycemic and insulin responses. Weight loss is important for the treatment of insulin resistance, and it can be achieved by many approaches, such as low-fat, low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean-style diets, etc. Lifestyle interventions with small weight loss (7–10%), 150 min of weekly moderate intensity exercise and behavioral therapy approach can be highly effective in preventing and treating type 2 diabetes. Similarly, decreasing carbohydrates in meals also improves significantly glycemic and insulin responses, but the extent of this reduction should be individualized, patient-centered, and monitored. Alternative foods or ingredients, such as vinegar, yogurt, whey protein, peanuts and tree nuts should also be considered in ameliorating postprandial hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. This review aims to describe the available evidence about the effects of diet, chrononutrition, alternative dietary interventions and exercise on postprandial glycemia and insulin resistance.
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Kanaley JA, Colberg SR, Corcoran MH, Malin SK, Rodriguez NR, Crespo CJ, Kirwan JP, Zierath JR. Exercise/Physical Activity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Statement from the American College of Sports Medicine. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:353-368. [PMID: 35029593 PMCID: PMC8802999 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This consensus statement is an update of the 2010 American College of Sports Medicine position stand on exercise and type 2 diabetes. Since then, a substantial amount of research on select topics in exercise in individuals of various ages with type 2 diabetes has been published while diabetes prevalence has continued to expand worldwide. This consensus statement provides a brief summary of the current evidence and extends and updates the prior recommendations. The document has been expanded to include physical activity, a broader, more comprehensive definition of human movement than planned exercise, and reducing sedentary time. Various types of physical activity enhance health and glycemic management in people with type 2 diabetes, including flexibility and balance exercise, and the importance of each recommended type or mode are discussed. In general, the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans apply to all individuals with type 2 diabetes, with a few exceptions and modifications. People with type 2 diabetes should engage in physical activity regularly and be encouraged to reduce sedentary time and break up sitting time with frequent activity breaks. Any activities undertaken with acute and chronic health complications related to diabetes may require accommodations to ensure safe and effective participation. Other topics addressed are exercise timing to maximize its glucose-lowering effects and barriers to and inequities in physical activity adoption and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Kanaley
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Sheri R Colberg
- Human Movement Sciences Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | | | - Steven K Malin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Nancy R Rodriguez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Carlos J Crespo
- Oregon Health and Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR
| | - John P Kirwan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SWEDEN
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Collins KA, Huffman KM, Wolever RQ, Smith PJ, Siegler IC, Ross LM, Hauser ER, Jiang R, Jakicic JM, Costa PT, Kraus WE. Determinants of Dropout from and Variation in Adherence to an Exercise Intervention: The STRRIDE Randomized Trials. TRANSLATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2022; 7:e000190. [PMID: 35669034 PMCID: PMC9165469 DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to characterize the timing and self-reported determinants of exercise dropout among sedentary adults with overweight or obesity. We also sought to explore variations in adherence among individuals who completed a 6- to 8-month structured exercise intervention. Methods A total of 947 adults with dyslipidemia [STRRIDE I, STRRIDE AT/RT] or prediabetes [STRRIDE-PD] were enrolled to either control or to one of 10 exercise interventions, ranging from doses of 8-23 kcal/kg/week; intensities of 50%-75% V̇O2 peak; and durations of 6-8 months. Two groups included resistance training and one included dietary intervention (7% weight loss goal). Dropout was defined as an individual who withdrew from the study due a variety of determinants. Timing of intervention dropout was defined as the last session attended and categorized into phases. Exercise training adherence was calculated by dividing weekly minutes or total sets of exercise completed by weekly minutes or total sets of exercise prescribed. General linear models were used to characterize the associations between timing of dropout and determinant category. Results Compared to exercise intervention completers (n=652), participants who dropped out (n=295) were on average non-white (98% vs. 80%, p<0.01), had higher body mass index (31.0 kg/m2 vs. 30.2 kg/m2; p<0.01), and were less fit at baseline (25.0 mg/kg/min vs. 26.7 ml/kg/min, p<0.01). Of those who dropped out, 67% did so prior to the start of or while ramping up to the prescribed exercise volume and intensity. The most commonly reported reason for dropout was lack of time (40%). Notably, among individuals who completed the ramp training period, subsequent exercise intervention adherence did not waiver over the ensuing 6-8 months of training. Conclusion These findings are some of the first to delineate associations between the timing of dropout and dropout determinants, providing guidance to future exercise interventions to better support individuals at-risk for dropout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Collins
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kim M. Huffman
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ruth Q. Wolever
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Patrick J. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ilene C. Siegler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Leanna M. Ross
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Hauser
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - John M. Jakicic
- Translational Research Institute, Advent Health, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Paul T. Costa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - William E. Kraus
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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Timmons JA, Anighoro A, Brogan RJ, Stahl J, Wahlestedt C, Farquhar DG, Taylor-King J, Volmar CH, Kraus WE, Phillips SM. A human-based multi-gene signature enables quantitative drug repurposing for metabolic disease. eLife 2022; 11:68832. [PMID: 35037854 PMCID: PMC8763401 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) contributes to the pathophysiology of diabetes, dementia, viral infection, and cardiovascular disease. Drug repurposing (DR) may identify treatments for IR; however, barriers include uncertainty whether in vitro transcriptomic assays yield quantitative pharmacological data, or how to optimise assay design to best reflect in vivo human disease. We developed a clinical-based human tissue IR signature by combining lifestyle-mediated treatment responses (>500 human adipose and muscle biopsies) with biomarkers of disease status (fasting IR from >1200 biopsies). The assay identified a chemically diverse set of >130 positively acting compounds, highly enriched in true positives, that targeted 73 proteins regulating IR pathways. Our multi-gene RNA assay score reflected the quantitative pharmacological properties of a set of epidermal growth factor receptor-related tyrosine kinase inhibitors, providing insight into drug target specificity; an observation supported by deep learning-based genome-wide predicted pharmacology. Several drugs identified are suitable for evaluation in patients, particularly those with either acute or severe chronic IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Timmons
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Augur Precision Medicine LTD, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jack Stahl
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | | | | | - Claude-Henry Volmar
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | | | - Stuart M Phillips
- Faculty of Science, Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Smith ID, Ross LM, Gabaldon JR, Holdgate N, Pieper CF, Ning TC, Kraus WE, Huffman KM. The Relation of Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Serum Uric Acid Using the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) 2003–2004. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 3:775398. [PMID: 35098119 PMCID: PMC8789886 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.775398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Gout is a crystal-induced inflammatory arthritis caused by elevated uric acid. Physical activity has the potential to reduce serum uric acid (SUA), thus improving the disease burden of gout. In this study, we examined the association of objectively-measured physical activity and SUA. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using survey, laboratory, and accelerometer data from the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). SUA concentrations (mg/dL) were obtained during an initial exam, and then physical activity (kCal/day) was measured with 7 days of ActiGraph accelerometry in participants (n = 3,475) representative of the ambulatory, non-institutionalized US civilian population. Regression, including restricted cubic splines, was used to assess the relation of physical activity and SUA in bivariate and adjusted models. Covariates included age, gender, race/ethnicity, alcohol use, body mass index, renal function, and urate-lowering therapy. Results: In the bivariate model, physical activity was correlated with SUA concentrations and included a non-linear component (p < 0.01). In the adjusted model, linear splines were employed with a node at the SUA nadir of 5.37mg/dL; this occurred at 703 kCal/day of physical activity. The association of physical activity and SUA was negative from 0 to 703 kCal/day (p = 0.07) and positive >703 kCal/day (p < 0.01 for the change in slope). Conclusion: Physical activity and SUA are associated in a non-linear fashion, with a minimum estimated SUA at 703 kCal/day of objectively-measured physical activity. These findings raise intriguing questions about the use of physical activity as a potential adjunctive therapy in patients with gout, and further interventional studies are needed to elucidate the effects of moderate intensity exercise on SUA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac D. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Isaac D. Smith ; orcid.org/0000-0003-3313-4825
| | - Leanna M. Ross
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Josi R. Gabaldon
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Oncology and Hematology Business Unit, Syneos Health Global Headquarters, Morrisville, NC, United States
| | | | - Carl F. Pieper
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Tony C. Ning
- Triangle Orthopedic Associates, Durham, NC, United States
| | - William E. Kraus
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kim M. Huffman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Vladimirsky VE, Vladimirsky EV, Lunina AN, Fesyun AD, Rachin AP, Lebedeva OD, Yakovlev MY, Tubekova MA. [Molecular mechanisms of adaptive and therapeutic effects of physical activity in patients with cardiovascular diseases]. VOPROSY KURORTOLOGII, FIZIOTERAPII, I LECHEBNOI FIZICHESKOI KULTURY 2022; 99:69-77. [PMID: 35485663 DOI: 10.17116/kurort20229902169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity is one of the main components of the rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). As shown by practice and the results of evidence-based studies, the beneficial effects of physical activity on disease outcomes in a number of cardiac nosologies are comparable to drug treatment. This gives the doctor another tool to influence the unfavorable epidemiological situation in developed countries with the spread of diseases of the cardiovascular system and CVD mortality. Reliable positive results of cardiorehabilitation (CR) were obtained using various methods. The goal of CR is to restore the optimal physiological, psychological and professional status, reduce the risk of CVD and mortality. In most current CVD guidelines worldwide, cardiac rehabilitation is a Class I recommendation. The molecular mechanisms described in the review, initiated by physical activity, underlie the multifactorial effect of the latter on the function of the cardiovascular system and the course of cardiac diseases. Physical exercise is an important component of the therapeutic management of patients with CVD, which is supported by the results of a meta-analysis of 63 studies associated with various forms of aerobic exercise of varying intensity (from 50 to 95% VO2) for 1 to 47 months, which showed that CR based on physical exercise improves cardiorespiratory endurance. Knowledge of the molecular basis of the influence of physical activity makes it possible to use biochemical markers to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A N Lunina
- Wagner Perm State Medical University, Perm, Russia
| | - A D Fesyun
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A P Rachin
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - O D Lebedeva
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Yu Yakovlev
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Tubekova
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
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Collins KA, Ross LM, Piner LW, Fos LB, Slentz CA, Bateman LA, Willis LH, Bales CW, Siegler IC, Wolever RQ, Huffman KM, Kraus WE. Amount and intensity effects of exercise training alone versus a combined diet and exercise lifestyle intervention on health-related quality of life in the STRRIDE-PD randomized trial. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2022; 10:10/1/e002584. [PMID: 35086944 PMCID: PMC8796224 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To determine the relative contributions of various amounts and intensities of exercise alone to a combined lifestyle intervention on health-related quality of life (HrQoL) measures. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants (n=162) were sedentary, overweight/obese, with pre-diabetes, and randomized to one of four 6-month interventions: (1) high amount/moderate intensity exercise-energy expenditure of 16 kcal/kg of body weight/week (KKW) at 50% oxygen consumption (V̇O2) reserve; (2) high/vigorous-16 KKW at 75% V̇O2 reserve; (3) low/moderate-10 KKW at 50% V̇O2 reserve; (4) low/moderate plus diet-10 KKW at 50% V̇O2 reserve plus a calorically restricted diet. The 36-Item Short-Form Survey (SF-36) and Satisfaction with Physical Function and Appearance (SPF/SPA) survey were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Analyses of covariance determined differences in change scores among groups (p<0.05). Paired t-tests determined significant pre-intervention versus post-intervention scores within groups (p<0.05). RESULTS Across the intervention, all groups (p<0.05) improved the physical component, SPF, and SPA scores. Only the low/moderate/diet group (p<0.001) significantly improved the mental component score. The high/vigorous group achieved 84.5% of the low/moderate/diet group effect for change in physical component score, and the low/moderate group achieved 83.7% of the low/moderate/diet group effect for change in mental component score. CONCLUSIONS In general, a low amount of moderate intensity exercise combined with diet was the most effective intervention for improving HrQoL. Of the exercise-only interventions, vigorous intensity exercise provided the greatest impact on changes in physical function. On the other hand, low amounts of moderate intensity exercise provided the greatest impact on mental well-being, potentially being a more attainable exercise dose for previously sedentary individuals with pre-diabetes to achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Collins
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leanna M Ross
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lucy W Piner
- Emeritis, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Liezl B Fos
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cris A Slentz
- Emeritis, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lori A Bateman
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leslie H Willis
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Connie W Bales
- Department of Geriatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ilene C Siegler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ruth Q Wolever
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kim M Huffman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Rheumatology/Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - William E Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Cardiology/Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Multiple Applications of Different Exercise Modalities with Rodents. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3898710. [PMID: 34868454 PMCID: PMC8639251 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3898710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A large proportion of chronic diseases can be derived from a sedentary lifestyle. Raising physical activity awareness is indispensable, as lack of exercise is the fourth most common cause of death worldwide. Animal models in different research fields serve as important tools in the study of acute or chronic noncommunicable disorders. With the help of animal-based exercise research, exercise-mediated complex antioxidant and inflammatory pathways can be explored, which knowledge can be transferred to human studies. Whereas sustained physical activity has an enormous number of beneficial effects on many organ systems, these animal models are easily applicable in several research areas. This review is aimed at providing an overall picture of scientific research studies using animal models with a focus on different training modalities. Without wishing to be exhaustive, the most commonly used forms of exercise are presented.
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Djousse L, Schubert P, Ho YL, Whitbourne SB, Cho K, Gaziano JM. Leisure time physical activity, sedentary behavior, and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality among US Veterans. JOURNAL OF NOVEL PHYSIOTHERAPY AND PHYSICAL REHABILITATION 2021; 8:33-39. [PMID: 35098260 PMCID: PMC8793724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in the US. Although physical activity (PA) has been inversely associated with the risk of CVD, few studies have examined whether sedentary behaviors modify such association. Our goal was to examine associations of leisure time PA with risk of CVD and mortality and the role of sedentary behavior as potential effect modifier among US veterans. METHODS We analyzed self-reported data on leisure time PA, television watching, and time spent on the computer among 438,364 participants of the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program from 2011 to 2018. We calculated metabolic equivalent of task-hours per week (MET-h/week) for each person and used electronic health record data to ascertain CVD. RESULTS Mean age was 64.6 ± 12.6 years and 92% were men. During a mean follow up of 3.3 years, we observed 22,942 new cases of CVD and 48,325 deaths. There was an inverse relation of leisure time PA with CVD and total mortality [HR: 0.96 (0.95-0.97) and 0.91 (0.90-0.92) per 2 MET-h/week increment for CVD and total mortality, respectively]. The associations of PA with both incident CVD and mortality were stronger in participants who spent more time watching television or on computer (all p values for interaction < 0.01). No interaction of PA with time spent on video game was observed (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Leisure time PA is inversely associated with risk of CVD and mortality among US veterans and such relations were stronger in participants who spent more time watching television or on computer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Djousse
- Massachussets Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Petra Schubert
- Massachussets Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- Massachussets Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Stacey B Whitbourne
- Massachussets Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Kelly Cho
- Massachussets Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Massachussets Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital
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Carrard J, Gallart-Ayala H, Weber N, Colledge F, Streese L, Hanssen H, Schmied C, Ivanisevic J, Schmidt-Trucksäss A. How Ceramides Orchestrate Cardiometabolic Health-An Ode to Physically Active Living. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100675. [PMID: 34677390 PMCID: PMC8538837 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) represent a growing socioeconomic burden and concern for healthcare systems worldwide. Improving patients’ metabolic phenotyping in clinical practice will enable clinicians to better tailor prevention and treatment strategy to individual needs. Recently, elevated levels of specific lipid species, known as ceramides, were shown to predict cardiometabolic outcomes beyond traditional biomarkers such as cholesterol. Preliminary data showed that physical activity, a potent, low-cost, and patient-empowering means to reduce CMD-related burden, influences ceramide levels. While a single bout of physical exercise increases circulating and muscular ceramide levels, regular exercise reduces ceramide content. Additionally, several ceramide species have been reported to be negatively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness, which is a potent health marker reflecting training level. Thus, regular exercise could optimize cardiometabolic health, partly by reversing altered ceramide profiles. This short review provides an overview of ceramide metabolism and its role in cardiometabolic health and diseases, before presenting the effects of exercise on ceramides in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Carrard
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland; (L.S.); (H.H.); (A.S.-T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hector Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.G.-A.); (J.I.)
| | - Nadia Weber
- Medical School, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Flora Colledge
- Division of Sports Science, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Lukas Streese
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland; (L.S.); (H.H.); (A.S.-T.)
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland; (L.S.); (H.H.); (A.S.-T.)
| | - Christian Schmied
- Sports Cardiology Section, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 19, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.G.-A.); (J.I.)
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland; (L.S.); (H.H.); (A.S.-T.)
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Streb AR, Dos Santos Leonel L, Delevatti RS, Cavaglieri CR, Del Duca GF. Effects of Non-periodized and Linear Periodized Combined Exercise Training on Insulin Resistance Indicators in Adults with Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2021; 7:69. [PMID: 34568974 PMCID: PMC8473518 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to verify the effect of non-periodized and linear periodized combined (aerobic plus resistance) exercise training on insulin resistance markers in adults with obesity. METHODS A blinded randomized control trial was conducted with three groups of individuals with obesity (BMI, 30-39.9 kg/m2): control group (CG, n = 23), non-periodized group (NG, n = 23), and linear periodized group (PG, n = 23). The NG and PG performed aerobic and resistance exercises in the same session in aerobic-resistance order for 16 weeks. Both intervention groups trained three sessions weekly, with a total duration of 60 min each. The aerobic training of the NG had a duration of 30 min always between 50% and 59% of the reserve heart rate (HRres), while resistance exercise was comprised of 6 exercises, performed always in 2 × 10-12 maximum repetitions (MRs). The PG progressed the aerobic and resistance training from 40%-49% to 60%-69% (HRres) and from 2 × 12-14 to 2 × 8-10 RM, respectively, along the intervention period. The evaluated indicators of insulin resistance included fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) collected pre- and post-intervention. The analyses to verify the exercise training effect were performed using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS After 16 weeks of training, per protocol analysis (n = 39) showed significant reductions in HOMA-IR only in the training groups (NG: Δ = - 1.6, PG: Δ = - 0.6; p = 0.094). Intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated significant reductions in fasting insulin levels (NG: Δ = - 1.4, PG: Δ = - 1.0; p = 0.004) and HOMA-IR (NG: Δ = - 5.5, PG: Δ = - 3.8; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Periodized and non-periodized combined exercise training similarly reduces insulin resistance markers in adults with obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials, RBR-3c7rt3. Registered 07 February 2019- https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/trial/5970/1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ribeiro Streb
- Department of Physical Education, Research Center in Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. .,Exercise Physiology Laboratory - FISEX, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Dos Santos Leonel
- Department of Physical Education, Research Center in Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Sudatti Delevatti
- Department of Physical Education, Research Center in Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Regina Cavaglieri
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory - FISEX, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Giovani Firpo Del Duca
- Department of Physical Education, Research Center in Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Bihlmeyer NA, Kwee LC, Clish CB, Deik AA, Gerszten RE, Pagidipati NJ, Laferrère B, Svetkey LP, Newgard CB, Kraus WE, Shah SH. Metabolomic profiling identifies complex lipid species and amino acid analogues associated with response to weight loss interventions. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0240764. [PMID: 34043632 PMCID: PMC8158886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic internationally. While weight loss interventions are efficacious, they are compounded by heterogeneity with regards to clinically relevant metabolic responses. Thus, we sought to identify metabolic biomarkers that are associated with beneficial metabolic changes to weight loss and which distinguish individuals with obesity who would most benefit from a given type of intervention. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based profiling was used to measure 765 metabolites in baseline plasma from three different weight loss studies: WLM (behavioral intervention, N = 443), STRRIDE-PD (exercise intervention, N = 163), and CBD (surgical cohort, N = 125). The primary outcome was percent change in insulin resistance (as measured by the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance [%ΔHOMA-IR]) over the intervention. Overall, 92 individual metabolites were associated with %ΔHOMA-IR after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Concordantly, the most significant metabolites were triacylglycerols (TAGs; p = 2.3e-5) and diacylglycerols (DAGs; p = 1.6e-4), with higher baseline TAG and DAG levels associated with a greater improvement in insulin resistance with weight loss. In tests of heterogeneity, 50 metabolites changed differently between weight loss interventions; we found amino acids, peptides, and their analogues to be most significant (4.7e-3) in this category. Our results highlight novel metabolic pathways associated with heterogeneity in response to weight loss interventions, and related biomarkers which could be used in future studies of personalized approaches to weight loss interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Bihlmeyer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lydia Coulter Kwee
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Clary B. Clish
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Amy Anderson Deik
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Neha J. Pagidipati
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Blandine Laferrère
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Laura P. Svetkey
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher B. Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William E. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Svati H. Shah
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Exploring Differences in Cardiorespiratory Fitness Response Rates Across Varying Doses of Exercise Training: A Retrospective Analysis of Eight Randomized Controlled Trials. Sports Med 2021; 51:1785-1797. [PMID: 33704698 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study tested the hypothesis that greater mean changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), in either the absence or presence of reduced interindividual variability, explain larger CRF response rates following higher doses of exercise training. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed CRF data from eight randomized controlled trials (RCT; n = 1590 participants) that compared at least two doses of exercise training. CRF response rates were calculated as the proportion of participants with individual confidence intervals (CIs) placed around their observed response that lay above 0.5 metabolic equivalents (MET). CIs were calculated using no-exercise control group-derived typical errors and were placed around each individual's observed CRF response (post minus pre-training CRF). CRF response rates, mean changes, and interindividual variability were compared across exercise groups within each RCT. RESULTS Compared with lower doses, higher doses of exercise training yielded larger CRF response rates in eight comparisons. For most of these comparisons (7/8), the higher dose of exercise training had a larger mean change in CRF but similar interindividual variability. Exercise groups with similar CRF response rates also had similar mean changes. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that larger CRF response rates following higher doses of exercise training are attributable to larger mean changes rather than reduced interindividual variability. Following a given dose of exercise training, the proportion of individuals expected to improve their CRF beyond 0.5 METs is unrelated to the heterogeneity of individual responses.
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Swift DL, McGee JE, Huff AC, Clunan MC, Gniewek NR, Brown TT, Osborne BG, Bucher C, Tanner CJ, Barefoot SG, Brophy P, Clark A, Dubis GS, Martin CK, Beyl RA, Houmard JA, Carels RA, Pories W, Matarese LE. Prescribed exercise to Reduce Recidivism After Weight Loss-Pilot (PREVAIL-P): Design, methods and rationale. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2021; 21:100717. [PMID: 33553797 PMCID: PMC7848432 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically significant weight loss is associated with health benefits for overweight and obese adults. Participation in adequate amounts of physical activity is critical for weight maintenance. However, the recommended amount of physical activity needed to promote weight maintenance is based primarily on retrospective studies that quantified physical activity levels through questionnaires which tend to overestimate physical activity levels. In addition, the present literature has provided little data on the impact of these physical activity levels on cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors, which may have equal or more clinical importance than weight changes. The Prescribed Exercise to Reduce Recidivism After Weight Loss-Pilot (PREVAIL-P) study will evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise training amount on weight maintenance following clinically significant weight loss in overweight and obese adults (BMI 25-40 kg/m2) age 30-65 years. Participants (N = 39) will complete a 10-week OPTIFAST® weight loss program with supervised aerobic exercise training. Individuals who achieve ≥7% weight loss from baseline will be subsequently randomized to levels of aerobic training consistent with physical activity recommendations (PA-REC) or weight maintenance recommendations (WM-REC) for 18 additional weeks. The primary outcome of the PREVAIL-P study will be change in weight from the completion of OPTIFAST® program to the end of the study. Notable secondary measures include changes in clinically relevant cardiometabolic risk factors between study groups (e.g. blood lipids concentrations, oral glucose tolerance, arterial stiffness). This pilot study will be used to estimate the effect sizes needed for a randomized controlled trial on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon L. Swift
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina Univeristy, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Joshua E. McGee
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina Univeristy, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Anna C. Huff
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina Univeristy, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Marie C. Clunan
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina Univeristy, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Nicole R. Gniewek
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina Univeristy, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Taylor T. Brown
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina Univeristy, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | | | | | - Charles J. Tanner
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina Univeristy, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Savanna G. Barefoot
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina Univeristy, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Patricia Brophy
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Angela Clark
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Gabriel S. Dubis
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Corby K. Martin
- Ingestive Behavior Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Robbie A. Beyl
- Biostatistics & Analysis Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Joseph A. Houmard
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina Univeristy, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Robert A. Carels
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Walter Pories
- Department of Surgery, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Laura E. Matarese
- Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
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Ross LM, Slentz CA, Zidek AM, Huffman KM, Shalaurova I, Otvos JD, Connelly MA, Kraus VB, Bales CW, Houmard JA, Kraus WE. Effects of Amount, Intensity, and Mode of Exercise Training on Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in the STRRIDE Randomized Trials. Front Physiol 2021; 12:626142. [PMID: 33613319 PMCID: PMC7892901 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.626142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index (LP-IR) and Diabetes Risk Index are novel spectroscopic multimarkers of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes risk. As the Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise (STRRIDE) randomized trials have previously demonstrated the ability of exercise training to improve traditional markers of insulin action, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of exercise amount, intensity, and mode on LP-IR and the Diabetes Risk Index. Methods A total of 503 adults with dyslipidemia [STRRIDE I (n = 194), STRRIDE AT/RT (n = 139)] or prediabetes [STRRIDE-PD (n = 170)] were randomized to control or one of 10 exercise interventions, ranging from doses of 8–23 kcal/kg/week; intensities of 50–75% V̇O2peak; and durations of 6–8 months. Two groups included resistance training and one included dietary intervention (7% weight loss goal). Fasting plasma samples were obtained at baseline and 16–24 h after the final exercise bout. LP-IR, the Diabetes Risk Index, and concentrations of the branched chain amino acids valine and leucine were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. LP-IR and the Diabetes Risk Index scores range from 0–100 and 1–100, respectively (greater scores indicate greater risk). Paired t-tests determined significance within groups (p < 0.05). Results After training, six exercise groups significantly improved LP-IR (ranging from −4.4 ± 8.2 to −12.4 ± 14.1), and four exercise groups significantly improved the Diabetes Risk Index (ranging from −2.8 ± 8.2 to −8.3 ± 10.4). The most beneficial interventions for both LP-IR and the Diabetes Risk Index were low amount/moderate intensity aerobic, aerobic plus resistance, and aerobic plus diet. Summary Multiple exercise interventions improved LP-IR and the Diabetes Risk Index. In those with dyslipidemia, adding resistance to aerobic training elicited a synergistic effect on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes risk. In individuals with prediabetes, combining a dietary intervention and weight loss with aerobic training resulted in the most robust type 2 diabetes risk improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanna M Ross
- Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Cris A Slentz
- Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alyssa M Zidek
- Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kim M Huffman
- Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Irina Shalaurova
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Morrisville, NC, United States
| | - James D Otvos
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Morrisville, NC, United States
| | - Margery A Connelly
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Morrisville, NC, United States
| | - Virginia B Kraus
- Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Connie W Bales
- Center for the Study of Aging, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Joseph A Houmard
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - William E Kraus
- Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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Musa-Veloso K, Noori D, Venditti C, Poon T, Johnson J, Harkness LS, O'Shea M, Chu Y. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials on the Effects of Oats and Oat Processing on Postprandial Blood Glucose and Insulin Responses. J Nutr 2021; 151:341-351. [PMID: 33296453 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oats are a whole grain cereal with potentially favorable effects on the postprandial glycemic response; however, the effects of oat processing on these glycemic benefits are not well understood. OBJECTIVES The study objective was to determine the effects of differently processed oats on the postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses relative to refined grains. METHODS Eleven electronic databases were systematically searched to identify studies published up to and including May 2019. Randomized controlled trials comparing the postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses to oats compared with any refined grain were included, so long as the available carbohydrate content of the test meals was similar. Pooled effect sizes were computed using the difference in incremental area under the curves for blood glucose and insulin following the consumption of oats compared with the refined grain control. RESULTS Ten publications were included, with intact oat kernels studied in 3 comparisons, thick oat flakes (>0.6 mm) in 7 comparisons, and thin/quick/instant oat flakes (≤0.6 mm) in 6 comparisons. Compared with the consumption of the refined grain control, the consumption of intact oat kernels was associated with significant reductions in postprandial blood glucose (-45.5 mmol x min/L; 95% CI: -80.1, -10.9 mmol x min/L; P = 0.010) and insulin (-4.5 nmol x min/L; 95% CI: -7.1, -1.8 nmol x min/L; P = 0.001) responses; the consumption of thick oat flakes was associated with significant reductions in postprandial blood glucose (-30.6 mmol x min/L; 95% CI: -40.4, -20.9 mmol x min/L; P < 0.001) and insulin (-3.9 nmol x min/L; 95% CI: -5.3, -2.5 nmol x min/L; P < 0.001) responses; but, the consumption of thin/quick/instant oat flakes was not associated with any effects on the postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses. CONCLUSIONS A disruption in the structural integrity of the oat kernel is likely associated with a loss in the glycemic benefits of oats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Noori
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Theresa Poon
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jodee Johnson
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo R&D Nutrition Sciences, Barrington, IL, USA
| | - Laura S Harkness
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo R&D Nutrition Sciences, Barrington, IL, USA
| | - Marianne O'Shea
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo R&D Nutrition Sciences, Barrington, IL, USA
| | - YiFang Chu
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo R&D Nutrition Sciences, Barrington, IL, USA
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Abstract
Adipose, or fat, tissue (AT) was once considered an inert tissue that primarily existed to store lipids, and was not historically recognized as an important organ in the regulation and maintenance of health. With the rise of obesity and more rigorous research, AT is now recognized as a highly complex metabolic organ involved in a host of important physiological functions, including glucose homeostasis and a multitude of endocrine capabilities. AT dysfunction has been implicated in several disease states, most notably obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. The study of AT has provided useful insight in developing strategies to combat these highly prevalent metabolic diseases. This review highlights the major functions of adipose tissue and the consequences that can occur when disruption of these functions leads to systemic metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocence Harvey
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Anik Boudreau
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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48
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Bogdanet D, O’Shea P, Lyons C, Shafat A, Dunne F. The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test-Is It Time for a Change?-A Literature Review with an Emphasis on Pregnancy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113451. [PMID: 33121014 PMCID: PMC7693369 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, gestational diabetes (GDM) is increasing at an alarming rate. This increase is linked to the rise in obesity rates among women of reproductive age. GDM poses a major global health problem due to the related micro- and macro-vascular complications of subsequent Type 2 diabetes and the impact on the future health of generations through the long-term impact of GDM on both mothers and their infants. Therefore, correctly identifying subjects as having GDM is of utmost importance. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) has been the mainstay for diagnosing gestational diabetes for decades. However, this test is deeply flawed. In this review, we explore a history of the OGTT, its reproducibility and the many factors that can impact its results with an emphasis on pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Bogdanet
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland; (P.O.); (A.S.); (F.D.)
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Saolta University Health Care Group (SUHCG), University Hospital Galway, H91YR71 Galway, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +00-353-8310-27771
| | - Paula O’Shea
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland; (P.O.); (A.S.); (F.D.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, SUHCG, University Hospital Galway, H91YR71 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Claire Lyons
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, SUHCG, University Hospital Galway, H91YR71 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Amir Shafat
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland; (P.O.); (A.S.); (F.D.)
| | - Fidelma Dunne
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland; (P.O.); (A.S.); (F.D.)
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Saolta University Health Care Group (SUHCG), University Hospital Galway, H91YR71 Galway, Ireland
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49
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Singh A, Babyak MA, Sims M, Musani SK, Brummett BH, Jiang R, Kraus WE, Shah SH, Siegler IC, Hauser ER, Williams RB. Evaluating the precision of EBF1 SNP x stress interaction association: sex, race, and age differences in a big harmonized data set of 28,026 participants. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:351. [PMID: 33077726 PMCID: PMC7572375 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In prior work, we identified a novel gene-by-stress association of EBF1's common variation (SNP rs4704963) with obesity (i.e., hip, waist) in Whites, which was further strengthened through multiple replications using our synthetic stress measure. We now extend this prior work in a precision medicine framework to find the risk group using harmonized data from 28,026 participants by evaluating the following: (a) EBF1 SNPxSTRESS interaction in Blacks; (b) 3-way interaction of EBF1 SNPxSTRESS with sex, race, and age; and (c) a race and sex-specific path linking EBF1 and stress to obesity to fasting glucose to the development of cardiometabolic disease risk. Our findings provided additional confirmation that genetic variation in EBF1 may contribute to stress-induced human obesity, including in Blacks (P = 0.022) that mainly resulted from race-specific stress due to "racism/discrimination" (P = 0.036) and "not meeting basic needs" (P = 0.053). The EBF1 gene-by-stress interaction differed significantly (P = 1.01e-03) depending on the sex of participants in Whites. Race and age also showed tentative associations (Ps = 0.103, 0.093, respectively) with this interaction. There was a significant and substantially larger path linking EBF1 and stress to obesity to fasting glucose to type 2 diabetes for the EBF1 minor allele group (coefficient = 0.28, P = 0.009, 95% CI = 0.07-0.49) compared with the same path for the EBF1 major allele homozygotes in White females and also a similar pattern of the path in Black females. Underscoring the race-specific key life-stress indicators (e.g., racism/discrimination) and also the utility of our synthetic stress, we identified the potential risk group of EBF1 and stress-induced human obesity and cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abanish Singh
- Behavioral Medicine Research Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Michael A. Babyak
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Behavioral Medicine Research Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Mario Sims
- grid.410721.10000 0004 1937 0407Department of Medicine of the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS USA
| | - Solomon K. Musani
- grid.410721.10000 0004 1937 0407Department of Medicine of the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS USA
| | - Beverly H. Brummett
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Behavioral Medicine Research Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Rong Jiang
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Behavioral Medicine Research Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - William E. Kraus
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Svati H. Shah
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Ilene C. Siegler
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Behavioral Medicine Research Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Hauser
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Redford B. Williams
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Behavioral Medicine Research Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
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50
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Malin SK, Stewart NR. Metformin May Contribute to Inter-individual Variability for Glycemic Responses to Exercise. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:519. [PMID: 32849302 PMCID: PMC7431621 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin and exercise independently improve glycemic control. Metformin traditionally is considered to reduce hepatic glucose production, while exercise training is thought to stimulate skeletal muscle glucose disposal. Collectively, combining treatments would lead to the anticipation for additive glucose regulatory effects. Herein, we discuss recent literature suggesting that metformin may inhibit, enhance or have no effect on exercise mediated benefits toward glucose regulation, with particular emphasis on insulin sensitivity. Importantly, we address issues surrounding the impact of metformin on exercise induced glycemic benefit across multiple insulin sensitive tissues (e.g., skeletal muscle, liver, adipose, vasculature, and the brain) in effort to illuminate potential sources of inter-individual glycemic variation. Therefore, the review identifies gaps in knowledge that require attention in order to optimize medical approaches that improve care of people with elevated blood glucose levels and are at risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K. Malin
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Nathan R. Stewart
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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