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Liang C, Zhang X, Fang J, Sun N, Liu H, Feng Y, Wang H, Yu Z, Jia X. Genotoxicity evaluation of food additive titanium dioxide using a battery of standard in vivo tests. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 148:105586. [PMID: 38382587 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The increasing use of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) has raised concern about the safety of food additive TiO2. TiO2 has been considered no longer safe by EFSA due to concerns over genotoxicity, however, there are conflicting opinions upon the safety of TiO2 as a food additive, and the number of in vivo genotoxicity studies conducted on food additive TiO2 was limited. In order to investigate the potential genotoxicity of food additive TiO2, we evaluated the genotoxicity of a commercial food additive TiO2 (average size of 135.54 ± 41.01 nm, range from 60.83 to 230.16 nm, NPs account for 30% by number) using a battery of standard in vivo tests, including mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test, mammalian bone marrow chromosomal aberration test and in vivo mammalian alkaline comet test. After 15 days of consecutive intragastric administration at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kgBW, food additive TiO2 neither increased the frequencies of bone marrow micronuclei or chromosomal aberration in mice, nor induced DNA strand breakage in rat liver cells. These results indicate that under the condition of this study, food additive TiO2 does not have genotoxic potential although it contains a fraction of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlai Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jin Fang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Nana Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Haibo Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yongquan Feng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Huali Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Xudong Jia
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China.
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2
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Sun N, Zhang X, Liang C, Liu H, Zhi Y, Fang J, Wang H, Yu Z, Jia X. Genotoxicity assessment of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using a standard battery of in vivo assays. Nanotoxicology 2023; 17:497-510. [PMID: 37840287 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2265467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
As one representative of nanometal oxides, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) have been widely used, particularly in the food industry. The genotoxicity of TiO2-NPs has attracted great attention over the years. This study was undertaken to investigate the chromosome and DNA damage effects of TiO2-NPs (0, 50, 150, and 500 mg/kg BW) using rodent models. After a comprehensive characterization, we conducted a standard battery of in vivo genotoxicity tests, including the chromosomal aberration test (CA), micronucleus (MN) test, and the comet test. The results of all these tests were negative. There were no structural or numerical chromosomal abnormalities in mice bone marrow cells, no increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in mice bone marrow cells, and no elevation in % tail DNA in rat hepatocytes. This indicated that TiO2-NPs did not cause chromosomal damage or have a direct impact on DNA. These findings suggested that TiO2-NPs did not exhibit genotoxicity and provided valuable data for risk assessment purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlai Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Fang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Jia
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
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3
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Regulatory safety assessment of nanoparticles for the food chain in Europe. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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4
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Attia MS, Yahya A, Monaem NA, Sabry SA. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: Their potential as drug delivery carriers and nanoscavengers in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:417-432. [PMID: 37026045 PMCID: PMC10071366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, populations face significant burdens from neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), especially Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Although there are many proposed etiologies for neurodegenerative disorders, including genetic and environmental factors, the exact pathogenesis for these disorders is not fully understood. Most patients with NDDs are given lifelong treatment to improve their quality of life. There are myriad treatments for NDDs; however, these agents are limited by their side effects and difficulty in passing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, the central nervous system (CNS) active pharmaceuticals could offer symptomatic relief for the patient's condition without providing a complete cure or prevention by targeting the disease's cause. Recently, Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have gained interest in treating NDDs since their physicochemical properties and inherent ability to pass BBB make them possible drug carriers for several drugs for NDDs treatment. This paper provides insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of NDDs, along with the recent advances in applying MSNs as fibril scavengers. Moreover, the application of MSNs-based formulations in enhancing or sustaining drug release rate, and brain targeting via their responsive release properties, besides the neurotoxicity of MSNs, have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ahmed Yahya
- Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Nada Abdel Monaem
- Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Shereen A. Sabry
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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5
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Landsiedel R, Honarvar N, Seiffert SB, Oesch B, Oesch F. Genotoxicity testing of nanomaterials. WIRES NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1833. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Landsiedel
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology BASF SE Ludwigshafen am Rhein Germany
- Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Free University of Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Naveed Honarvar
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology BASF SE Ludwigshafen am Rhein Germany
| | | | - Barbara Oesch
- Oesch‐Tox Toxicological Consulting and Expert Opinions, GmbH & Co KG Ingelheim Germany
| | - Franz Oesch
- Oesch‐Tox Toxicological Consulting and Expert Opinions, GmbH & Co KG Ingelheim Germany
- Institute of Toxicology Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
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6
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Furer LA, Abad ÁD, Manser P, Hannig Y, Schuerle S, Fortunato G, Buerki-Thurnherr T. Novel electrospun chitosan/PEO membranes for more predictive nanoparticle transport studies at biological barriers. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:12136-12152. [PMID: 35968642 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01742c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The design of safe and effective nanoparticles (NPs) for commercial and medical applications requires a profound understanding of NP translocation and effects at biological barriers. To gain mechanistic insights, physiologically relevant and accurate human in vitro biobarrier models are indispensable. However, current transfer models largely rely on artificial porous polymer membranes for the cultivation of cells, which do not provide a close mimic of the natural basal membrane and intrinsically provide limited permeability for NPs. In this study, electrospinning is exploited to develop thin chitosan/polyethylene oxide (PEO) membranes with a high porosity and nanofibrous morphology for more predictive NP transfer studies. The nanofiber membranes allow the cultivation of a tight and functional placental monolayer (BeWo trophoblasts). Translocation studies with differently sized molecules and NPs (Na-fluorescein; 40 kDa FITC-Dextran; 25 nm PMMA; 70, 180 and 520 nm polystyrene NPs) across empty and cell containing membranes reveal a considerably enhanced permeability compared to commercial microporous membranes. Importantly, the transfer data of NPs is highly similar to data from ex vivo perfusion studies of intact human placental tissue. Therefore, the newly developed membranes may decisively contribute to establish physiologically relevant in vitro biobarrier transfer models with superior permeability for a wide range of molecules and particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea A Furer
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
- ETH Zürich, Responsive Biomedical Systems Lab, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ángela Díaz Abad
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Pius Manser
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Yvette Hannig
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Simone Schuerle
- ETH Zürich, Responsive Biomedical Systems Lab, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppino Fortunato
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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7
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Pieta IS, Gieroba B, Kalisz G, Pieta P, Nowakowski R, Naushad M, Rathi A, Gawande MB, Sroka-Bartnicka A, Zboril R. Developing Benign Ni/g-C 3N 4 Catalysts for CO 2 Hydrogenation: Activity and Toxicity Study. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022; 61:10496-10510. [PMID: 35938051 PMCID: PMC9344432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This research discusses the CO2 valorization via hydrogenation over the non-noble metal clusters of Ni and Cu supported on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The Ni and Cu catalysts were characterized by conventional techniques including XRD, AFM, ATR, Raman imaging, and TPR and were tested via the hydrogenation of CO2 at 1 bar. The transition-metal-based catalyst designed with atom-economy principles presents stable activity and good conversions for the studied processes. At 1 bar, the rise in operating temperature during CO2 hydrogenation increases the CO2 conversion and the selectivity for CO and decreases the selectivity for methanol on Cu/CN catalysts. For the Ni/CN catalyst, the selectivity to light hydrocarbons, such as CH4, also increased with rising temperature. At 623 K, the conversion attained ca. 20%, with CH4 being the primary product of the reaction (CH4 yield >80%). Above 700 K, the Ni/CN activity increases, reaching almost equilibrium values, although the Ni loading in Ni/CN is lower by more than 90% compared to the reference NiREF catalyst. The presented data offer a better understanding of the effect of the transition metals' small metal cluster and their coordination and stabilization within g-C3N4, contributing to the rational hybrid catalyst design with a less-toxic impact on the environment and health. Bare g-C3N4 is shown as a good support candidate for atom-economy-designed catalysts for hydrogenation application. In addition, cytotoxicity to the keratinocyte human HaCaT cell line revealed that low concentrations of catalysts particles (to 6.25 μg mL-1) did not cause degenerative changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela S. Pieta
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Gieroba
- Independent
Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kalisz
- Independent
Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Pieta
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Nowakowski
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mu. Naushad
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anuj Rathi
- Chemistry
Innovation Research Center, R&D, Jubilant Biosys, Knowledge Park II, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Manoj B. Gawande
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký
University, Slechtitelu
27, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431 203, India
| | - Anna Sroka-Bartnicka
- Independent
Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Radek Zboril
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký
University, Slechtitelu
27, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Nanotechnology
Centre, Centre of Energy and Environmental Technologies, VŠB−Technical University of Ostrava, 17 listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
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8
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Visser M, Gosens I, Bard D, van Broekhuizen P, Janer G, Kuempel E, Riediker M, Vogel U, Dekkers S. Towards health-based nano reference values (HNRVs) for occupational exposure: Recommendations from an expert panel. NANOIMPACT 2022; 26:100396. [PMID: 35560294 PMCID: PMC10617652 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Unique physicochemical characteristics of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) suggest the need for nanomaterial-specific occupational exposure limits (OELs). Setting these limits remains a challenge. Therefore, the aim of this study was to set out a framework to evaluate the feasibility of deriving advisory health-based occupational limit values for groups of ENMs, based on scientific knowledge. We have used an expert panel approach to address three questions: 1) What ENM-categories should be distinguished to derive advisory health-based occupational limit values (or health-based Nano Reference Values, HNRVs) for groups of ENMs? 2) What evidence would be needed to define values for these categories? And 3) How much effort would it take to achieve this? The panel experts distinguished six possible categories of HNRVs: A) WHO-fiber-like high aspect ratio ENMs (HARNs), B) Non-WHO-fiber-like HARNs and other non-spheroidal ENMs, C) readily soluble spheroidal ENMs, D) biopersistent spheroidal ENMs with unknown toxicity, E) biopersistent spheroidal ENMs with substance-specific toxicity and F) biopersistent spheroidal ENMs with relatively low substance-specific toxicity. For category A, the WHO-fiber-like HARNs, agreement was reached on criteria defining this category and the approach of using health-based risk estimates for asbestos to derive the HNRV. For category B, a quite heterogeneous category, more toxicity data are needed to set an HNRV. For category C, readily soluble spheroidal ENMs, using the OEL of their molecular or ionic counterpart would be a good starting point. For the biopersistent ENMs with unknown toxicity, HNRVs cannot be applied as case-by-case testing is required. For the other biopersistent ENMs in category E and F, we make several recommendations that can facilitate the derivation of these HNRVs. The proposed categories and recommendations as outlined by this expert panel can serve as a reference point for derivation of HNRVs when health-based OELs for ENMs are not yet available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Visser
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Ilse Gosens
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Delphine Bard
- Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Science and Research Centre, Buxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gemma Janer
- Leitat Technological Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eileen Kuempel
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Riediker
- Swiss Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan Dekkers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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9
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Liang Z, Khawar MB, Liang J, Sun H. Bio-Conjugated Quantum Dots for Cancer Research: Detection and Imaging. Front Oncol 2021; 11:749970. [PMID: 34745974 PMCID: PMC8569511 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.749970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and gamma scintigraphy-based detection and bio-imaging technologies have achieved outstanding breakthroughs in recent years. However, these technologies still encounter several limitations such as insufficient sensitivity, specificity and security that limit their applications in cancer detection and bio-imaging. The semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are a kind of newly developed fluorescent nanoparticles that have superior fluorescence intensity, strong resistance to photo-bleaching, size-tunable light emission and could produce multiple fluorescent colors under single-source excitation. Furthermore, QDs have optimal surface to link with multiple targets such as antibodies, peptides, and several other small molecules. Thus, QDs might serve as potential, more sensitive and specific methods of detection than conventional methods applied in cancer molecular targeting and bio-imaging. However, many challenges such as cytotoxicity and nonspecific uptake still exist limiting their wider applications. In the present review, we aim to summarize the current applications and challenges of QDs in cancer research mainly focusing on tumor detection, bio-imaging, and provides opinions on how to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Liang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China.,Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jingyan Liang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Sun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
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10
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Morsink M, Parente L, Silva F, Abrantes A, Ramos A, Primo I, Willemen N, Sanchez-Lopez E, Severino P, Souto EB. Nanotherapeutics and nanotheragnostics for cancers: properties, pharmacokinetics, biopharmaceutics, and biosafety. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:104-115. [PMID: 34348617 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210804102645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
With the worldwide increasing rate of chronic diseases, such as cancer, the development of novel techniques to improve the efficacy of therapeutic agents is highly demanded. Nanoparticles are especially well suited to encapsulate drugs and other therapeutic agents, bringing additional advantages, such as less frequent dosage requirements, reduced side effects due to specific targeting, and therefore increased patient compliance. However, with the increasing use of nanoparticles and their recent launch on the pharmaceutical market it is important to achieve high quality control of these advanced systems. In this review, we discuss the properties of different nanoparticles, the pharmacokinetics, the biosafety issues of concern, and conclude with novel nanotherapeutics and nanotheragnostics for cancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margreet Morsink
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139. United States
| | - Lucia Parente
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Fernanda Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Alexandra Abrantes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Ana Ramos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Inês Primo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Niels Willemen
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139. United States
| | - Elena Sanchez-Lopez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Patricia Severino
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139. United States
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra. Portugal
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11
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More S, Bampidis V, Benford D, Bragard C, Halldorsson T, Hernández‐Jerez A, Hougaard Bennekou S, Koutsoumanis K, Lambré C, Machera K, Naegeli H, Nielsen S, Schlatter J, Schrenk D, Silano (deceased) V, Turck D, Younes M, Castenmiller J, Chaudhry Q, Cubadda F, Franz R, Gott D, Mast J, Mortensen A, Oomen AG, Weigel S, Barthelemy E, Rincon A, Tarazona J, Schoonjans R. Guidance on risk assessment of nanomaterials to be applied in the food and feed chain: human and animal health. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06768. [PMID: 34377190 PMCID: PMC8331059 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The EFSA has updated the Guidance on risk assessment of the application of nanoscience and nanotechnologies in the food and feed chain, human and animal health. It covers the application areas within EFSA's remit, including novel foods, food contact materials, food/feed additives and pesticides. The updated guidance, now Scientific Committee Guidance on nano risk assessment (SC Guidance on Nano-RA), has taken account of relevant scientific studies that provide insights to physico-chemical properties, exposure assessment and hazard characterisation of nanomaterials and areas of applicability. Together with the accompanying Guidance on Technical requirements for regulated food and feed product applications to establish the presence of small particles including nanoparticles (Guidance on Particle-TR), the SC Guidance on Nano-RA specifically elaborates on physico-chemical characterisation, key parameters that should be measured, methods and techniques that can be used for characterisation of nanomaterials and their determination in complex matrices. The SC Guidance on Nano-RA also details aspects relating to exposure assessment and hazard identification and characterisation. In particular, nanospecific considerations relating to in vitro/in vivo toxicological studies are discussed and a tiered framework for toxicological testing is outlined. Furthermore, in vitro degradation, toxicokinetics, genotoxicity, local and systemic toxicity as well as general issues relating to testing of nanomaterials are described. Depending on the initial tier results, additional studies may be needed to investigate reproductive and developmental toxicity, chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity and allergenicity, neurotoxicity, effects on gut microbiome and endocrine activity. The possible use of read-across to fill data gaps as well as the potential use of integrated testing strategies and the knowledge of modes or mechanisms of action are also discussed. The Guidance proposes approaches to risk characterisation and uncertainty analysis.
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12
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Brand W, van Kesteren PCE, Peters RJB, Oomen AG. Issues currently complicating the risk assessment of synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) nanoparticles after oral exposure. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:905-933. [PMID: 34074217 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1931724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) is applied in food products as food additive E 551. It consists of constituent amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles that form aggregates and agglomerates. We reviewed recent oral toxicity studies with SAS. Some of those report tissue concentrations of silicon (Si). The results of those studies were compared with recently determined tissue concentrations of Si (and Si-particles) in human postmortem tissues. We noticed inconsistent results of the various toxicity studies regarding toxicity and reported tissue concentrations, which hamper the risk assessment of SAS. A broad range of Si concentrations is reported in control animals in toxicity studies. The Si concentrations found in human postmortem tissues fall within this range. On the other hand, the mean concentration found in human liver is higher than the reported concentrations causing liver effects in some animal toxicity studies after oral exposure to SAS. Also higher liver concentrations are observed in other, negative animal studies. Those inconsistencies could be caused by the presence of other Si-containing chemical substances or particles (which potentially also includes background SAS) and/or different sample preparation and analytical techniques that were used. Other factors which could explain the inconsistencies in outcome between the toxicity studies are the distinct SAS used and different dosing regimes, such as way of administration (dietary, via drinking water, oral gavage), dispersion of SAS and dose. More research is needed to address these issues and to perform a proper risk assessment for SAS in food. The current review will help to progress research on the toxicity of SAS and the associated risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Brand
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Petra C E van Kesteren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud J B Peters
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes G Oomen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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13
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Engel K, Fowler P, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gundert‐Remy U, Gürtler R, Husøy T, Manco M, Mennes W, Moldeus P, Passamonti S, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Wölfle D, Corsini E, Cubadda F, De Groot D, FitzGerald R, Gunnare S, Gutleb AC, Mast J, Mortensen A, Oomen A, Piersma A, Plichta V, Ulbrich B, Van Loveren H, Benford D, Bignami M, Bolognesi C, Crebelli R, Dusinska M, Marcon F, Nielsen E, Schlatter J, Vleminckx C, Barmaz S, Carfí M, Civitella C, Giarola A, Rincon AM, Serafimova R, Smeraldi C, Tarazona J, Tard A, Wright M. Safety assessment of titanium dioxide (E171) as a food additive. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06585. [PMID: 33976718 PMCID: PMC8101360 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present opinion deals with an updated safety assessment of the food additive titanium dioxide (E 171) based on new relevant scientific evidence considered by the Panel to be reliable, including data obtained with TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and data from an extended one-generation reproductive toxicity (EOGRT) study. Less than 50% of constituent particles by number in E 171 have a minimum external dimension < 100 nm. In addition, the Panel noted that constituent particles < 30 nm amounted to less than 1% of particles by number. The Panel therefore considered that studies with TiO2 NPs < 30 nm were of limited relevance to the safety assessment of E 171. The Panel concluded that although gastrointestinal absorption of TiO2 particles is low, they may accumulate in the body. Studies on general and organ toxicity did not indicate adverse effects with either E 171 up to a dose of 1,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day or with TiO2 NPs (> 30 nm) up to the highest dose tested of 100 mg/kg bw per day. No effects on reproductive and developmental toxicity were observed up to a dose of 1,000 mg E 171/kg bw per day, the highest dose tested in the EOGRT study. However, observations of potential immunotoxicity and inflammation with E 171 and potential neurotoxicity with TiO2 NPs, together with the potential induction of aberrant crypt foci with E 171, may indicate adverse effects. With respect to genotoxicity, the Panel concluded that TiO2 particles have the potential to induce DNA strand breaks and chromosomal damage, but not gene mutations. No clear correlation was observed between the physico-chemical properties of TiO2 particles and the outcome of either in vitro or in vivo genotoxicity assays. A concern for genotoxicity of TiO2 particles that may be present in E 171 could therefore not be ruled out. Several modes of action for the genotoxicity may operate in parallel and the relative contributions of different molecular mechanisms elicited by TiO2 particles are not known. There was uncertainty as to whether a threshold mode of action could be assumed. In addition, a cut-off value for TiO2 particle size with respect to genotoxicity could not be identified. No appropriately designed study was available to investigate the potential carcinogenic effects of TiO2 NPs. Based on all the evidence available, a concern for genotoxicity could not be ruled out, and given the many uncertainties, the Panel concluded that E 171 can no longer be considered as safe when used as a food additive.
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14
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Kamal N, Zaki AH, El-Shahawy AA, Sayed OM, El-Dek SI. Changing the morphology of one-dimensional titanate nanostructures affects its tissue distribution and toxicity. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 36:272-286. [PMID: 32552542 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720921693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present research investigated the impact of the morphology change of titanate (TiO2) nanostructures on its tissue distribution and toxicity. The TiO2 nanotubes, rods, and ribbons were synthesized by the hydrothermal technique, and the morphology was adjusted by alteration of the hydrothermal duration time. The characterization techniques were X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method for measuring the surface area. The intravenously administrated dose (5 mg/kg) was injected as a single dose for 1 day and consecutively for 42 days. The quantitative analysis of accumulated TiO2 nanostructures in the liver, spleen, and the heart was performed using an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer, and the organs' toxicity was estimated by histopathological analysis. The prepared nanostructures exhibited differences in morphology, crystallinity, size distribution, surface area, zeta potential, and aspect ratio. The results revealed a tissue distribution difference between the liver, spleen, and heart of these nanostructures, the distribution order was the liver, spleen, and the heart for all TiO2 nanostructures. The toxicity was induced with different degrees. The nanotubes were the most harmful among the three formats. In summary, changes in the morphology of the TiO2 nanostructures change its distribution and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla Kamal
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - A H Zaki
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ag El-Shahawy
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ossama M Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - S I El-Dek
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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15
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Iqbal A, Zakir M, Ali MM, Irshad S, Javid A, Khan M, Ara C, Asmatullah. Effects of Allium cepa-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles on male reproductive tissue and sperm abnormalities of albino mice (Mus musculus). APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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16
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Altinoglu G, Adali T. Alzheimer's Disease Targeted Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:628-646. [PMID: 31744447 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666191118123151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and is part of a massive and growing health care burden that is destroying the cognitive function of more than 50 million individuals worldwide. Today, therapeutic options are limited to approaches with mild symptomatic benefits. The failure in developing effective drugs is attributed to, but not limited to the highly heterogeneous nature of AD with multiple underlying hypotheses and multifactorial pathology. In addition, targeted drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS), for the diagnosis and therapy of neurological diseases like AD, is restricted by the challenges posed by blood-brain interfaces surrounding the CNS, limiting the bioavailability of therapeutics. Research done over the last decade has focused on developing new strategies to overcome these limitations and successfully deliver drugs to the CNS. Nanoparticles, that are capable of encapsulating drugs with sustained drug release profiles and adjustable physiochemical properties, can cross the protective barriers surrounding the CNS. Thus, nanotechnology offers new hope for AD treatment as a strong alternative to conventional drug delivery mechanisms. In this review, the potential application of nanoparticle based approaches in Alzheimer's disease and their implications in therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülcem Altinoglu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, P.O. Box: 99138, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey.,Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Centre, Centre of Excellence, Near East University, P.O. Box: 99138, North Cyprus via Mersin 10 Turkey
| | - Terin Adali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, P.O. Box: 99138, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey.,Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Centre, Centre of Excellence, Near East University, P.O. Box: 99138, North Cyprus via Mersin 10 Turkey
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17
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Les nanomatériaux manufacturés dans l’environnement professionnel : un aperçu de l’état de l’art. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Janer G, Landsiedel R, Wohlleben W. Rationale and decision rules behind the ECETOC NanoApp to support registration of sets of similar nanoforms within REACH. Nanotoxicology 2020; 15:145-166. [PMID: 33320695 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1842933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
New registration requirements for nanomaterials under REACH consider the possibility to form 'sets of similar nanoforms' for a joined human health and environmental hazard, exposure and risk assessment. We developed a tool to create and justify sets of similar nanoforms and to ensure that each of the nanoforms is sufficiently similar to all other nanoforms. The decision logic is following the ECHA guidance in a transparent and evidence-based manner. For each two nanoforms the properties under consideration are compared and corresponding thresholds for maximal differences are proposed. In tier1, similarity is assessed based on intrinsic properties that mostly correspond to those required for nanoform identification under REACH: composition, impurities/additives, size, crystallinity, shape and surface treatment. Moreover, potential differences in the agglomeration/aggregation state resulting from different production processes are considered. If nanoforms were not sufficiently similar based on tier1 criteria, additional data from functional assays are required in tier2. In rare cases, additional short-term in vivo rodent data could be required in a third tier. Data required by tier 2 are triggered by the intrinsic properties in the first tier that did not match the similarity criteria. Most often this will be data on dissolution and surface reactivity followed by in vitro toxicity, dispersion stability, dustiness. Out of several nanoforms given by the user, the tool concludes which nanoforms could be justified to be in the same set and which nanoforms are outside. It defines the boundaries of sets of similar nanoforms and generates a justification for the REACH registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Janer
- Leitat Technological Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Landsiedel
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- Department of Material Physics and Analytics, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
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19
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de Souza GL, Moura CCG, Silva ACA, Marinho JZ, Silva TR, Dantas NO, Bonvicini JFS, Turrioni AP. Effects of zinc oxide and calcium-doped zinc oxide nanocrystals on cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production in different cell culture models. Restor Dent Endod 2020; 45:e54. [PMID: 33294419 PMCID: PMC7691257 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to synthesize nanocrystals (NCs) of zinc oxide (ZnO) and calcium ion (Ca2+)-doped ZnO with different percentages of calcium oxide (CaO), to evaluate cytotoxicity and to assess the effects of the most promising NCs on cytotoxicity depending on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Materials and Methods Nanomaterials were synthesized (ZnO and ZnO:xCa, x = 0.7; 1.0; 5.0; 9.0) and characterized using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and methylene blue degradation. SAOS-2 and RAW 264.7 were treated with NCs, and evaluated for viability using the MTT assay. NCs with lower cytotoxicity were maintained in contact with LPS-stimulated (+LPS) and nonstimulated (−LPS) human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). Cell viability, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were evaluated. Cells kept in culture medium or LPS served as negative and positive controls, respectively. One-way analysis of variance and the Dunnett test (α = 0.05) were used for statistical testing. Results ZnO:0.7Ca and ZnO:1.0Ca at 10 µg/mL were not cytotoxic to SAOS-2 and RAW 264.7. +LPS and −LPS hDPCs treated with ZnO, ZnO:0.7Ca, and ZnO:1.0Ca presented similar NO production to negative control (p > 0.05) and lower production compared to positive control (p < 0.05). All NCs showed reduced ROS production compared with the positive control group both in +LPS and −LPS cells (p < 0.05). Conclusions NCs were successfully synthesized. ZnO, ZnO:0.7Ca and ZnO:1.0Ca presented the highest percentages of cell viability, decreased ROS and NO production in +LPS cells, and maintenance of NO production at basal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Leite de Souza
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Anielle Christine Almeida Silva
- Functional and New Nanostructured Materials Laboratory, Physics Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | | | - Thaynara Rodrigues Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.,Functional and New Nanostructured Materials Laboratory, Physics Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Noelio Oliveira Dantas
- Functional and New Nanostructured Materials Laboratory, Physics Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Turrioni
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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20
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Pathological effects of nano-sized particles on the respiratory system. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 29:102242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Dugershaw BB, Aengenheister L, Hansen SSK, Hougaard KS, Buerki-Thurnherr T. Recent insights on indirect mechanisms in developmental toxicity of nanomaterials. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:31. [PMID: 32653006 PMCID: PMC7353685 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological and animal studies provide compelling indications that environmental and engineered nanomaterials (NMs) pose a risk for pregnancy, fetal development and offspring health later in life. Understanding the origin and mechanisms underlying NM-induced developmental toxicity will be a cornerstone in the protection of sensitive populations and the design of safe and sustainable nanotechnology applications. MAIN BODY Direct toxicity originating from NMs crossing the placental barrier is frequently assumed to be the key pathway in developmental toxicity. However, placental transfer of particles is often highly limited, and evidence is growing that NMs can also indirectly interfere with fetal development. Here, we outline current knowledge on potential indirect mechanisms in developmental toxicity of NMs. SHORT CONCLUSION Until now, research on developmental toxicity has mainly focused on the biodistribution and placental translocation of NMs to the fetus to delineate underlying processes. Systematic research addressing NM impact on maternal and placental tissues as potential contributors to mechanistic pathways in developmental toxicity is only slowly gathering momentum. So far, maternal and placental oxidative stress and inflammation, activation of placental toll-like receptors (TLRs), impairment of placental growth and secretion of placental hormones, and vascular factors have been suggested to mediate indirect developmental toxicity of NMs. Therefore, NM effects on maternal and placental tissue function ought to be comprehensively evaluated in addition to placental transfer in the design of future studies of developmental toxicity and risk assessment of NM exposure during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Battuja Batbajar Dugershaw
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Leonie Aengenheister
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Signe Schmidt Kjølner Hansen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin Sørig Hougaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St.Gallen, Switzerland.
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22
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Wang Z, Li Q, Xu L, Ma J, Wang Y, Wei B, Wu W, Liu S. Ageing alters the physicochemical properties of silver nanoparticles and consequently compromises their acute toxicity in mammals. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 196:110487. [PMID: 32229327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous investigations into AgNP-induced toxicity, little has been taken into consideration the potential health impacts of aged AgNPs in comparison to fresh AgNPs. In the current study, we scrutinized the potential effects of aged AgNPs in animals. We first found that AgNPs underwent morphological transformations after natural ageing in aqueous solution upon exposure to air and sunlight for 9 days, as characterized by significant aggregation with increase of particle size approximately by 2 fold. Meanwhile, dissolved Ag ions from aged AgNPs increased by 33% compared to fresh AgNPs. Strikingly, the acute exposure results showed that aged AgNPs induced lower toxicity in mice relative to fresh AgNPs. Aged AgNPs caused milder local inflammation in the peritoneal cavity of mice, as evidenced by 63% reduction of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) than that induced by fresh AgNPs. The deposition mass of aged AgNPs in the liver, spleen, lung and kidney was diminished by 69%, 39%, 83% and 40%, respectively, compared to the distribution profiles in response to fresh AgNPs. Whereby, milder splenic hyperemia was observed, and no significant hepatoxicity was found. Additionally, aged AgNPs provoked milder increase of periphery leukocytes and malondialdehyde (MDA) in mice in comparison to fresh AgNPs. Taken together, this study unraveled that the ageing process elicited remarkable alterations to physicochemical properties and toxic effects as well. This study would provide new insights into the potential health impacts of AgNPs under transformation-determined exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China.
| | - Qingqing Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Lining Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Bing Wei
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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23
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Bannuscher A, Karkossa I, Buhs S, Nollau P, Kettler K, Balas M, Dinischiotu A, Hellack B, Wiemann M, Luch A, von Bergen M, Haase A, Schubert K. A multi-omics approach reveals mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity and structure–activity relationships in alveolar macrophages. Nanotoxicology 2019; 14:181-195. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1684592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bannuscher
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabel Karkossa
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sophia Buhs
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Nollau
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katja Kettler
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mihaela Balas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bryan Hellack
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology (IUTA) e.V, Duisburg, Germany
- German Environment Agency, Dessau, Germany
| | - Martin Wiemann
- IBE R&D gGmbH Institute for Lung Health, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Haase
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Schubert
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
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Jesus S, Schmutz M, Som C, Borchard G, Wick P, Borges O. Hazard Assessment of Polymeric Nanobiomaterials for Drug Delivery: What Can We Learn From Literature So Far. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:261. [PMID: 31709243 PMCID: PMC6819371 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of nanobiomaterials, such as their small size and high surface area ratio, make them attractive, novel drug-carriers, with increased cellular interaction and increased permeation through several biological barriers. However, these same properties hinder any extrapolation of knowledge from the toxicity of their raw material. Though, as suggested by the Safe-by-Design (SbD) concept, the hazard assessment should be the starting point for the formulation development. This may enable us to select the most promising candidates of polymeric nanobiomaterials for safe drug-delivery in an early phase of innovation. Nowadays the majority of reports on polymeric nanomaterials are focused in optimizing the nanocarrier features, such as size, physical stability and drug loading efficacy, and in performing preliminary cytocompatibility testing and proving effectiveness of the drug loaded formulation, using the most diverse cell lines. Toxicological studies exploring the biological effects of the polymeric nanomaterials, particularly regarding immune system interaction are often disregarded. The objective of this review is to illustrate what is known about the biological effects of polymeric nanomaterials and to see if trends in toxicity and general links between physicochemical properties of nanobiomaterials and their effects may be derived. For that, data on chitosan, polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and policaprolactone (PCL) nanomaterials will be evaluated regarding acute and repeated dose toxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, toxicity on reproduction and hemocompatibility. We further intend to identify the analytical and biological tests described in the literature used to assess polymeric nanomaterials toxicity, to evaluate and interpret the available results and to expose the obstacles and challenges related to the nanomaterial testing. At the present time, considering all the information collected, the hazard assessment and thus also the SbD of polymeric nanomaterials is still dependent on a case-by-case evaluation. The identified obstacles prevent the identification of toxicity trends and the generation of an assertive toxicity database. In the future, in vitro and in vivo harmonized toxicity studies using unloaded polymeric nanomaterials, extensively characterized regarding their intrinsic and extrinsic properties should allow to generate such database. Such a database would enable us to apply the SbD approach more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Jesus
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mélanie Schmutz
- Laboratory for Technology and Society, Empa Swiss Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Som
- Laboratory for Technology and Society, Empa Swiss Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wick
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa Swiss Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Olga Borges
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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25
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Zhang Z, Dong C, Yu G, Cheng W, Liang Y, Pan Y, Li H, Ji H. Smart and dual-targeted BSA nanomedicine with controllable release by high autolysosome levels. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 182:110325. [PMID: 31301582 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Targeting modifications and smart responsiveness of nanomedicines can enable anticancer drugs to be selectively delivered to and controllably released in tumour cells or tissues, which can reduce the treatment's toxicity and side effects. Good biocompatibility is crucial for the clinical application of any nanomedicine. In this study, a double-targeting molecule, an RGD peptide- and 4-(2-aminoethyl) morpholine-modified, doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanomedicine, that can be controllably released by the high levels of autophagic lysosomes in tumour cells was developed. The size of the spherical BSA nanoparticles is approximately 60 nm. In vitro experiments indicated that the RGD peptide- and 4-(2-aminoethyl) morpholine-modified, DOX-loaded BSA nanomedicine has a better therapeutic effect than free DOX. In vivo experiments suggested that the BSA nanomedicine can successfully suppress the progression of PC9 xenograft tumours. This phenomenon may be attributable to the endocytosis of a relatively large amount of nanomedicine and the effective release of the loaded chemotherapeutic agent, as induced by high levels of autolysosomes. Collectively, the results of this study provide a smart approach for increasing therapeutic efficacy using a double-targeting molecule-modified BSA nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxia Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wanping South Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Changsheng Dong
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wanping South Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guanzhen Yu
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wanping South Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wanping South Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yupei Liang
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wanping South Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongfu Pan
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wanping South Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hegen Li
- National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tumor Department, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wanping South Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Hongbin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China; Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
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Park G, Amaris ZN, Eiken MK, Baumgartner KV, Johnston KA, Williams MA, Markwordt JG, Millstone JE, Splan KE, Wheeler KE. Emerging investigator series: characterization of silver and silver nanoparticle interactions with zinc finger peptides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2019; 6:2367-2378. [PMID: 31528351 PMCID: PMC6746224 DOI: 10.1039/c9en00065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In biological systems, chemical and physical transformations of engineered silver nanomaterials (AgENMs) are mediated, in part, by proteins and other biomolecules. Metalloprotein interactions with AgENMs are also central in understanding toxicity and antimicrobial and resistance mechanisms. Despite their readily available thiolate and amine ligands, zinc finger (ZF) peptides have thus far escaped study in reaction with AgENMs and their Ag(I) oxidative dissolution product. We report spectroscopic studies that characterize AgENM and Ag(I) interactions with two ZF peptides that differ in sequence, but not in metal binding ligands: the ZF consensus peptide CP-CCHC and the C-terminal zinc finger domain of HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein p7 (NCp7_C). Both ZF peptides catalyze AgENM (10 and 40 nm, citrate coated) dissolution and agglomeration, two important AgENM transformations that impact bioreactivity. AgENMs and their oxidative dissolution product, Ag(I)(aq), mediate changes to ZF peptide structure and metalation as well. Spectroscopic titrations of Ag(I) into apo-ZF peptides show an Ag(I)-thiolate charge transfer band, indicative of Ag(I)-ZF binding. Fluorescence studies of the Zn(II)-NCp_7 complex indicate that the Ag(I) also effectively competes with the Zn(II) to drive Zn(II) displacement from the ZFs. Upon interaction with AgENMs, Zn(II) bound ZF peptides show a secondary structural change in circular dichroism spectroscopy toward an apo-like structure. The results suggest that Ag(I) and AgENMs may alter ZF protein function within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Park
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Santa Clara University Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA
| | - Zoe N Amaris
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Santa Clara University Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA
| | - Madeline K Eiken
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Santa Clara University Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA
| | - Karl V Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Santa Clara University Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA
| | - Kathryn A Johnston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Mari A Williams
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Santa Clara University Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA
| | - Jasmine G Markwordt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Santa Clara University Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA
| | - Jill E Millstone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Kathryn E Splan
- Department of Chemistry, Macalester College, 1600 Grand Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55105, USA
| | - Korin E Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Santa Clara University Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA
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Hauser M, Li G, Nowack B. Environmental hazard assessment for polymeric and inorganic nanobiomaterials used in drug delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:56. [PMID: 30992030 PMCID: PMC6466702 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing development and use of nanobiomaterials raises questions about their potential adverse effects on the environment after excretion and release. Published ecotoxicological data was searched for five polymeric nanobiomaterials [chitosan, polylactic acid (PLA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and poly(lactic-glycolic acid) (PLGA)] and one inorganic nanobiomaterial [hydroxyapatite (HAP)] to evaluate the environmental hazards for freshwater and soil using a meta-analysis. If enough data was available, a probabilistic species sensitivity distribution (pSSD) and from this a predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) was calculated. If only one data point was available, a PNEC was calculated based on the most sensitive endpoint. Each material was classified either as "nano" or "non-nano", depending on the categorization in the original articles. When the original article specified that the material consisted of nanoparticles, the material was classified as nano; when nothing was mentioned, the material was classified as "non-nano". RESULTS For PLA, PHA and PLGA, no published data on ecotoxicity was found and therefore no hazard assessment could be conducted. In soils, HAP was found to have the lowest PNEC with 0.3 mg/kg, followed by PAN and chitosan. In freshwater, chitosan was found to have the lowest PNEC with 5 µg/l, followed by nano-chitosan, HAP and PAN. CONCLUSION Compared with other common pollutants, even the most sensitive of the selected nanobiomaterials, chitosan, is less toxic than engineered nanomaterials such as nano-ZnO and nano-Ag, some common antibiotics, heavy metals or organic pollutants such as triclosan. Given the current knowledge, the nanobiomaterials covered in this work therefore pose only little or no environmental hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Hauser
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Guangyu Li
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Nowack
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Henson TE, Navratilova J, Tennant AH, Bradham KD, Rogers KR, Hughes MF. In vitro intestinal toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles in rat and human cell models. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:795-811. [PMID: 30938207 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1578428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Human oral exposure to copper oxide nanoparticles (NPs) may occur following ingestion, hand-to-mouth activity, or mucociliary transport following inhalation. This study assessed the cytotoxicity of Cupric (II) oxide (CuO) and Cu2O-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated NPs and copper ions in rat (intestine epithelial cells; IEC-6) and human intestinal cells, two- and three-dimensional models, respectively. The effect of pretreatment of CuO NPs with simulated gastrointestinal (GI) fluids on IEC-6 cell cytotoxicity was also investigated. Both dose- and time-dependent decreases in viability of rat and human cells with CuO and Cu2O-PVP NPs and Cu2+ ions was observed. In the rat cells, CuO NPs had greater cytotoxicity. The rat cells were also more sensitive to CuO NPs than the human cells. Concentrations of H2O2 and glutathione increased and decreased, respectively, in IEC-6 cells after a 4-h exposure to CuO NPs, suggesting the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS may have damaged the mitochondrial membrane of the IEC-6 cells causing a depolarization, as a dose-related loss of a fluorescent mitochondrial marker was observed following a 4-h exposure to CuO NPs. Dissolution studies showed that Cu2O-PVP NPs formed soluble Cu whereas CuO NPs essentially remained intact. For GI fluid-treated CuO NPs, there was a slight increase in cytotoxicity at low doses relative to non-treated NPs. In summary, copper oxide NPs were cytotoxic to rat and human intestinal cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The data suggests Cu2O-PVP NPs are toxic due to their dissolution to Cu ions, whereas CuO NPs have inherent cytotoxicity, without dissolving to form Cu ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor E Henson
- a Student Services Contractor at the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | | | - Alan H Tennant
- c National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory , Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Karen D Bradham
- d National Exposure Research Laboratory , Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Kim R Rogers
- d National Exposure Research Laboratory , Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Michael F Hughes
- c National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory , Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
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Sun Q, Li J, Le T. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle as a Novel Class of Antifungal Agents: Current Advances and Future Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11209-11220. [PMID: 30299956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Certain types of nanoparticles, especially zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), are widely reported to be capable of the inhibition of harmful bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi. The unique physicochemical and biological properties of ZnONPs also make them attractive to the food industry for use as a promising antifungal agent. This Review thoroughly introduces the preparation methods and antifungal properties of ZnONPs and analyzes their possible antifungal mechanisms. The applicability of ZnONPs in food packaging and nutritional supplements and as an antimicrobial additive is also documented. Moreover, evaluations for biological safety of ZnONPs are objectively reviewed in this paper. The discussions addressed in this Review not only have theoretical significance but also are conducive to the development of food safety, nutrition, and human health. The summarized knowledge and future perspectives outlined here are expected to promote and guide new research toward developing and optimizing the application of ZnONPs as a novel class of antifungal agents to help improve food quality as well as food safety in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- College of Life Sciences , Chongqing Normal University , No. 37 Chengzhong Road , Chongqing 401331 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmei Li
- College of Life Sciences , Chongqing Normal University , No. 37 Chengzhong Road , Chongqing 401331 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Le
- College of Life Sciences , Chongqing Normal University , No. 37 Chengzhong Road , Chongqing 401331 , People's Republic of China
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30
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the global scientific output of neurotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) and explore their hot spots and research trends. Articles about the neurotoxicity of NPs between 2008 and 2017 were taken from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The VOSviewer was used to analyze annual publications, countries/institutions, funding agencies, research objects, major journals, and international cooperation. The reference co-citation map and keywords were used to analyze the mechanisms of neurotoxicity of NPs. Six hundred and forty-one eligible studies were included for analysis, and the annual publications increased with time in the past decade. Based on the bibliometric analysis, China and the United States were the main countries in this field. Metals and metal oxides were the main types of NPs. Cell, rat, and mouse were the primary research objects of NPs. The main research hot spots might focus on the pathogenesis of NPs, such as oxidative stress and apoptosis. This study will help researchers understand the research status, hot spots, and trends of neurotoxicity of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyu Su
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiangdong Guan
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sufang Yu
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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31
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Gubala V, Johnston LJ, Krug HF, Moore CJ, Ober CK, Schwenk M, Vert M. Engineered nanomaterials and human health: Part 2. Applications and nanotoxicology (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AbstractResearch on engineered nanomaterials (ENM) has progressed rapidly from the very early stages of studying their unique, size-dependent physicochemical properties and commercial exploration to the development of products that influence our everyday lives. We have previously reviewed various methods for synthesis, surface functionalization, and analytical characterization of ENM in a publication titled ‘Engineered Nanomaterials: Preparation, Functionalization and Characterization’. In this second, inter-linked document, we first provide an overview of important applications of ENM in products relevant to human healthcare and consumer goods, such as food, textiles, and cosmetics. We then highlight the challenges for the design and development of new ENM for bio-applications, particularly in the rapidly developing nanomedicine sector. The second part of this document is dedicated to nanotoxicology studies of ENM in consumer products. We describe the various biological targets where toxicity may occur, summarize the four nanotoxicology principles, and discuss the need for careful consideration of the biodistribution, degradation, and elimination routes of nanosized materials before they can be safely used. Finally, we review expert opinions on the risk, regulation, and ethical aspects of using engineered nanomaterials in applications that may have direct or indirect impact on human health or our environment.
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32
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Hardy A, Benford D, Halldorsson T, Jeger MJ, Knutsen HK, More S, Naegeli H, Noteborn H, Ockleford C, Ricci A, Rychen G, Schlatter JR, Silano V, Solecki R, Turck D, Younes M, Chaudhry Q, Cubadda F, Gott D, Oomen A, Weigel S, Karamitrou M, Schoonjans R, Mortensen A. Guidance on risk assessment of the application of nanoscience and nanotechnologies in the food and feed chain: Part 1, human and animal health. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05327. [PMID: 32625968 PMCID: PMC7009542 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Food Safety Authority has produced this Guidance on human and animal health aspects (Part 1) of the risk assessment of nanoscience and nanotechnology applications in the food and feed chain. It covers the application areas within EFSA's remit, e.g. novel foods, food contact materials, food/feed additives and pesticides. The Guidance takes account of the new developments that have taken place since publication of the previous Guidance in 2011. Potential future developments are suggested in the scientific literature for nanoencapsulated delivery systems and nanocomposites in applications such as novel foods, food/feed additives, biocides, pesticides and food contact materials. Therefore, the Guidance has taken account of relevant new scientific studies that provide more insights to physicochemical properties, exposure assessment and hazard characterisation of nanomaterials. It specifically elaborates on physicochemical characterisation of nanomaterials in terms of how to establish whether a material is a nanomaterial, the key parameters that should be measured, the methods and techniques that can be used for characterisation of nanomaterials and their determination in complex matrices. It also details the aspects relating to exposure assessment and hazard identification and characterisation. In particular, nanospecific considerations relating to in vivo/in vitro toxicological studies are discussed and a tiered framework for toxicological testing is outlined. It describes in vitro degradation, toxicokinetics, genotoxicity as well as general issues relating to testing of nanomaterials. Depending on the initial tier results, studies may be needed to investigate reproductive and developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, allergenicity, neurotoxicity, effects on gut microbiome and endocrine activity. The possible use of read‐across to fill data gaps as well as the potential use of integrated testing strategies and the knowledge of modes/mechanisms of action are also discussed. The Guidance proposes approaches to risk characterisation and uncertainty analysis, and provides recommendations for further research in this area. This publication is linked to the following EFSA Supporting Publications article: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/sp.efsa.2018.EN-1430/full
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Bierkandt FS, Leibrock L, Wagener S, Laux P, Luch A. The impact of nanomaterial characteristics on inhalation toxicity. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:321-346. [PMID: 30090585 PMCID: PMC6060709 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00242d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last few decades, nanotechnology has evolved into a success story, apparent from a steadily increasing number of scientific publications as well as a large number of applications based on engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Its widespread uses suggest a high relevance for consumers, workers and the environment, hence justifying intensive investigations into ENM-related adverse effects as a prerequisite for nano-specific regulations. In particular, the inhalation of airborne ENMs, being assumed to represent the most hazardous type of human exposure to these kinds of particles, needs to be scrutinized. Due to an increased awareness of possible health effects, which have already been seen in the case of ultrafine particles (UFPs), research and regulatory measures have set in to identify and address toxic implications following their almost ubiquitous occurrence. Although ENM properties differ from those of the respective bulk materials, the available assessment protocols are often designed for the latter. Despite the large benefit ensuing from the application of nanotechnology, many issues related to ENM behavior and adverse effects are not fully understood or should be examined anew. The traditional hypothesis that ENMs exhibit different or additional hazards due to their "nano" size has been challenged in recent years and ENM categorization according to their properties and toxicity mechanisms has been proposed instead. This review summarizes the toxicological effects of inhaled ENMs identified to date, elucidating the modes of action which provoke different mechanisms in the respiratory tract and their resulting effects. By linking particular mechanisms and adverse effects to ENM properties, grouping of ENMs based on toxicity-related properties is supposed to facilitate toxicological risk assessment. As intensive studies are still required to identify these "ENM classes", the need for alternatives to animal studies is evident and advances in cell-based test systems for pulmonary research are presented here. We hope to encourage the ongoing discussion about ENM risks and to advocate the further development and practice of suitable testing and grouping methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank S Bierkandt
- German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment (BfR) , Department of Chemical and Product Safety , Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10 , 10589 Berlin , Germany . ; Tel: (+49) 30 18412-4538
| | - Lars Leibrock
- German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment (BfR) , Department of Chemical and Product Safety , Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10 , 10589 Berlin , Germany . ; Tel: (+49) 30 18412-4538
| | - Sandra Wagener
- German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment (BfR) , Department of Chemical and Product Safety , Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10 , 10589 Berlin , Germany . ; Tel: (+49) 30 18412-4538
| | - Peter Laux
- German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment (BfR) , Department of Chemical and Product Safety , Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10 , 10589 Berlin , Germany . ; Tel: (+49) 30 18412-4538
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment (BfR) , Department of Chemical and Product Safety , Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10 , 10589 Berlin , Germany . ; Tel: (+49) 30 18412-4538
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34
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Lei Y, Wang C, Jiang Q, Sun X, Du Y, Zhu Y, Lu Y. Calpain activation and disturbance of autophagy are induced in cortical neurons in vitro by exposure to HA/ β-Ga 2O 3:Cr 3+ nanoparticles. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4365. [PMID: 29441243 PMCID: PMC5807884 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of engineered nanoparticles remains a concern. The knowledge of biohazards associated with particular nanoparticles is crucial to make this cutting-edge technology more beneficial and safe. Here, we evaluated the toxicity of Ga2O3 nanoparticles (NPs), which are frequently used to enhance the performance of metal catalysts in a variety of catalytic reactions. The potential inflammatory signaling associated with the toxicity of HA/β-Ga2O3:Cr3+ NPs in primary cortical neurons was examined. We observed a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis in neurons following various concentrations (0, 1, 5, 25, 50, 100 µg/ml) of HA/β-Ga2O3:Cr3+ NPs treatment. Consistently, constitutively active forms of calcineurin (48 kDa) were significantly elevated in cultured primary cortical neurons, which was consistent with calpain activation indicated by the breakdown products of spectrin. Moreover, HA/β-Ga2O3:Cr3+ NPs result in the elevation of LC3-II formation, SQSTM/p62, and Cathepsin B, whereas phosphorylation of CaMKII (Thr286) and Synapsin I (Ser603) were downregulated in the same context. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that calpain activation and a disturbance of autophagy signaling are evoked by exposure to HA/β-Ga2O3:Cr3+ NPs, which may contribute to neuronal injury in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Unviersity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chengkun Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Unviersity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Unviersity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoyi Sun
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yongzhong Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Unviersity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yingmei Lu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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35
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Chater PI, Wilcox MD, Pearson JP. Efficacy and safety concerns over the use of mucus modulating agents for drug delivery using nanoscale systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 124:184-192. [PMID: 29247764 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery to the mucus covered mucosae is fraught with difficulties and many different approaches have been developed to permeate the mucus barrier. Generally by modifying the delivery system to avoid interaction with the mucus. These modifications are reviewed here in terms of efficacy and safety. These are particular problems for oral delivery the pharmaceutical industry's favoured route for drug administration. For effective delivery through the gastrointestinal tract a drug must pass through three barriers in sufficient amounts to yield a biological effect. These barriers are the digestive barrier in the lumen, the mucus barrier, and the epithelial barrier. Other approaches involve mucolytic agents added with or prior to the delivery system or agents regulating mucus production and are reviewed here. In terms of safety, a key property of a mucus modulating delivery system is that it must not damage the protective function of the mucus layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter I Chater
- Institute of Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Matthew D Wilcox
- Institute of Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jeffrey P Pearson
- Institute of Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK..
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36
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Laux P, Tentschert J, Riebeling C, Braeuning A, Creutzenberg O, Epp A, Fessard V, Haas KH, Haase A, Hund-Rinke K, Jakubowski N, Kearns P, Lampen A, Rauscher H, Schoonjans R, Störmer A, Thielmann A, Mühle U, Luch A. Nanomaterials: certain aspects of application, risk assessment and risk communication. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:121-141. [PMID: 29273819 PMCID: PMC5773666 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Development and market introduction of new nanomaterials trigger the need for an adequate risk assessment of such products alongside suitable risk communication measures. Current application of classical and new nanomaterials is analyzed in context of regulatory requirements and standardization for chemicals, food and consumer products. The challenges of nanomaterial characterization as the main bottleneck of risk assessment and regulation are presented. In some areas, e.g., quantification of nanomaterials within complex matrices, the establishment and adaptation of analytical techniques such as laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and others are potentially suited to meet the requirements. As an example, we here provide an approach for the reliable characterization of human exposure to nanomaterials resulting from food packaging. Furthermore, results of nanomaterial toxicity and ecotoxicity testing are discussed, with concluding key criteria such as solubility and fiber rigidity as important parameters to be considered in material development and regulation. Although an analysis of the public opinion has revealed a distinguished rating depending on the particular field of application, a rather positive perception of nanotechnology could be ascertained for the German public in general. An improvement of material characterization in both toxicological testing as well as end-product control was concluded as being the main obstacle to ensure not only safe use of materials, but also wide acceptance of this and any novel technology in the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jutta Tentschert
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Riebeling
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Otto Creutzenberg
- Department of Inhalation Toxicology, Fraunhofer-Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai Fuchs Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Astrid Epp
- Department of Risk Communication, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valérie Fessard
- Laboratoire de Fougères, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 10B Rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306, Fougères Cedex, France
| | - Karl-Heinz Haas
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Haase
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hund-Rinke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf Dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Jakubowski
- Division 1.1 Inorganic Trace Analysis, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Kearns
- OECD Environment, Health and Safety Division 2, rue Andre-Pascal, 75775, Paris Cedex 16, France
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hubert Rauscher
- Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission, Directorate Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi, 2749, 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Reinhilde Schoonjans
- Scientific Committee and Emerging Risks Unit, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Via Carlo Magno 1a, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Angela Störmer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Strasse 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Axel Thielmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI, Breslauer Strasse 48, 76139, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uwe Mühle
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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Pecoraro R, Marino F, Salvaggio A, Capparucci F, Di Caro G, Iaria C, Salvo A, Rotondo A, Tibullo D, Guerriero G, Scalisi EM, Zimbone M, Impellizzeri G, Brundo MV. Evaluation of Chronic Nanosilver Toxicity to Adult Zebrafish. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1011. [PMID: 29311953 PMCID: PMC5735120 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is rapidly growing with nanoparticles produced and utilized in a wide range of commercial products worldwide. Among the different types of nanomaterials produced, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) occupy a predominant position and they are used in electronics, clothing, food industry, cosmetics and medical devices. Nanosilver has also showed excellent performance in antibacterial application. Nowadays, the increasing use of AgNPs has put the evidence on their possible toxicity to the human health and the impact on the environment. This paper focus on adverse effects of AgNPs in adult of Danio rerio. Fishes exposed to increasing concentrations (8, 45, and 70 μg/l) silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, 25 nm in average diameter) and after treatment for 30 days, was quickly euthanized in MS-222. We have evaluated bioaccumulation of AgNPs using ICP-MS and analyzed histological changes, biomarkers of oxidative damage and gene expression in the gut, liver and gills tissues of AgNPs-treated zebrafish. The histological analysis showed lesions of secondary lamellae of the gills with different degrees of toxicity such as hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, subepithelial edema, and even in some cases telangiectasia. Huge necrosis of the intestinal villi was found in the gut. No lesion was detected in the liver. The analysis revealed a high expression of metallothioneins 1 (MTs 1) in animals exposed to AgNPs compared to the control group. The ICP-MS analysis shows that the amount of particles absorbed in all treated samples is almost the same. We can affirm that AgNPs toxicity linked more to their size and state of aggregation than to their concentrations. Silver nanoparticles can damage gills and gut because they are able to pass through the mucosal barrier thanks to their small size. The damage is still reversible because it is not documented injury to the basal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Fabiano Capparucci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Caro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Iaria
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Salvo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Archimede Rotondo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotecnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Guerriero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena M. Scalisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria V. Brundo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Aligning nanotoxicology with the 3Rs: What is needed to realise the short, medium and long-term opportunities? Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 91:257-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Makama S, Kloet SK, Piella J, van den Berg H, de Ruijter NCA, Puntes VF, Rietjens IMCM, van den Brink NW. Effects of Systematic Variation in Size and Surface Coating of Silver Nanoparticles on Their In Vitro Toxicity to Macrophage RAW 264.7 Cells. Toxicol Sci 2017; 162:79-88. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Makama
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, WE 6708 Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), Wageningen University and Research, PB 6708 Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Samantha K Kloet
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, WE 6708 Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Piella
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Campus UAB), 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Hans van den Berg
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, WE 6708 Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Victor F Puntes
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Campus UAB), 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Edificio Mediterránea, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nico W van den Brink
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, WE 6708 Wageningen, The Netherlands
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40
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Boyes WK, Thornton BLM, Al-Abed SR, Andersen CP, Bouchard DC, Burgess RM, Hubal EAC, Ho KT, Hughes MF, Kitchin K, Reichman JR, Rogers KR, Ross JA, Rygiewicz PT, Scheckel KG, Thai SF, Zepp RG, Zucker RM. A comprehensive framework for evaluating the environmental health and safety implications of engineered nanomaterials. Crit Rev Toxicol 2017; 47:767-810. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2017.1328400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William K. Boyes
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Brittany Lila M. Thornton
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Souhail R. Al-Abed
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christian P. Andersen
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Dermont C. Bouchard
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert M. Burgess
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Elaine A. Cohen Hubal
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kay T. Ho
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Michael F. Hughes
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kirk Kitchin
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jay R. Reichman
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kim R. Rogers
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Ross
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Paul T. Rygiewicz
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kirk G. Scheckel
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sheau-Fung Thai
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Richard G. Zepp
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert M. Zucker
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to investigate the effect of subpressure on the bond strength of resin to zirconia ceramic. The subpressure would create a pressure gradient which could clean out the bubbles in the adhesives or bonding interface. Methods Twenty-eight pre-sintered zirconia discs were fabricated. Half of them were polished (group P, n = 14), and the rest were sandblasted (group S, n = 14). After sintered,the surface roughness of the zirconia discs was measured. Then, they were randomly divided into two subgroups (n = 7). The groups were named as follows: PC: P + no additional treatments; PP: P + 0.04 MPa after application of adhesives; SC: S + no additional treatments; and SP: S + 0.04 MPa after application of adhesives. Resin columns were bonded to the zirconia specimens to determine shear bond strength (SBS). The bonding interfaces were observed and the fracture modes were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed on all data. Results The surface roughness of group S was significantly higher than that of group P (P<0.05). The SBS values were PC = 13.48 ± 0.7 MPa, PP = 15.22 ± 0.8 MPa, SC = 17.23 ± 0.7 MPa and SP = 21.68 ± 1.4 MPa. There were significant differences among the groups (P<0.05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the adhesives of group SP and PP were closer and denser to the zirconia ceramic than that of group PC and SC. The proportion of the mixed fracture mode significantly increased after adding subpressure (P< 0.05). Conclusion Subpressure can improve the shear bond strength of resin to zirconia ceramics and increase micro-infiltration between the adhesives and the zirconia ceramics, especially on the rough surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Mei Li
- School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Shen Zhuge
- School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zu-Tai Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yue-Ming Tian
- School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ding
- School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Gao M, Zhao B, Chen M, Liu Y, Xu M, Wang Z, Liu S, Zhang C. Nrf-2-driven long noncoding RNA ODRUL contributes to modulating silver nanoparticle-induced effects on erythroid cells. Biomaterials 2017; 130:14-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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43
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Liu W, Worms IAM, Herlin-Boime N, Truffier-Boutry D, Michaud-Soret I, Mintz E, Vidaud C, Rollin-Genetet F. Interaction of silver nanoparticles with metallothionein and ceruloplasmin: impact on metal substitution by Ag(i), corona formation and enzymatic activity. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:6581-6594. [PMID: 28474724 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01075c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The release of Ag(i) from silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) unintentionally spread in the environment is suspected to impair some key biological functions. In comparison with AgNO3, in-depth investigations were carried out into the interactions between citrate-coated AgNPs (20 nm) and two metalloproteins, intracellular metallothionein 1 (MT1) and plasmatic ceruloplasmin (Cp), both involved in metal homeostasis. These were chosen for their physiological relevance and the diversity of their various native metals bound because of thiol groups and/or their structural differences. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-vis and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies were used to study the effects of such intricate interactions on AgNP dissolution and proteins in terms of metal exchanges and structural modifications. The isolation of the different populations formed together with on-line quantifications of their metal content were performed by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) linked to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). For the 2 proteins, Ag(i) dissolved from the AgNPs, substituted for the native metal, to different extents and with different types of dynamics for the corona formed: the MT1 rapidly surrounded the AgNPs with the transient reticulate corona thus promoting their dissolution associated with the metal substitution, whereas the Cp established a more stable layer around the AgNPs, with a limited substitution of Cu and a decrease in its ferroxidase activity. The accessibility and lability of the metal binding sites inside these proteins and their relative affinities for Ag(i) are discussed, taking into account the structural characteristics of the proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- CEA, DRF-BIAM, Site de Marcoule, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
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44
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Schneider T, Westermann M, Glei M. In vitro uptake and toxicity studies of metal nanoparticles and metal oxide nanoparticles in human HT29 cells. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3517-3527. [PMID: 28466231 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1976-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the toxicological behavior of metal nanoparticles (gold, silver) and metal oxide nanoparticles (copper oxide, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide) in vitro in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HT29). We analyzed the cellular uptake by ICP-MS and TEM, the influence on cell viability by MTT assay and trypan blue exclusion test, their effect on DNA damage and/or generation of oxidized bases by alkaline comet assay, and their potential to induce apoptosis by flow cytometry after 24-h nanoparticle treatment with concentrations between 2 and 10 µg/ml. We determined the amount of metal taken up by a single HT29 cell, ranging from 0.02 pg/cell up to 1.39 pg/cell. Cell viability assays showed a significantly decrease for metal oxide nanoparticles using trypan blue exclusion test and for all nanoparticles, except titanium dioxide, using MTT assay. Genotoxic effects after nanoparticle treatment were not observed for the tested concentrations. Apoptosis induction was significantly increased for silver nanoparticles (tested for two sizes) as well as for titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles. Our results indicate potential health risks of oral NP uptake by food ingredients or food contamination, making further mechanistic investigations on cellular uptake and toxicity necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schneider
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 24, Jena, Germany.
| | - Martin Westermann
- Electron Microscopy Center, University Hospital Jena, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Glei
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 24, Jena, Germany
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45
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Laux P, Riebeling C, Booth AM, Brain JD, Brunner J, Cerrillo C, Creutzenberg O, Estrela-Lopis I, Gebel T, Johanson G, Jungnickel H, Kock H, Tentschert J, Tlili A, Schäffer A, Sips AJAM, Yokel RA, Luch A. Biokinetics of Nanomaterials: the Role of Biopersistence. NANOIMPACT 2017; 6:69-80. [PMID: 29057373 PMCID: PMC5645051 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology risk management strategies and environmental regulations continue to rely on hazard and exposure assessment protocols developed for bulk materials, including larger size particles, while commercial application of nanomaterials (NMs) increases. In order to support and corroborate risk assessment of NMs for workers, consumers, and the environment it is crucial to establish the impact of biopersistence of NMs at realistic doses. In the future, such data will allow a more refined future categorization of NMs. Despite many experiments on NM characterization and numerous in vitro and in vivo studies, several questions remain unanswered including the influence of biopersistence on the toxicity of NMs. It is unclear which criteria to apply to characterize a NM as biopersistent. Detection and quantification of NMs, especially determination of their state, i.e., dissolution, aggregation, and agglomeration within biological matrices and other environments are still challenging tasks; moreover mechanisms of nanoparticle (NP) translocation and persistence remain critical gaps. This review summarizes the current understanding of NM biokinetics focusing on determinants of biopersistence. Thorough particle characterization in different exposure scenarios and biological matrices requires use of suitable analytical methods and is a prerequisite to understand biopersistence and for the development of appropriate dosimetry. Analytical tools that potentially can facilitate elucidation of key NM characteristics, such as ion beam microscopy (IBM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), are discussed in relation to their potential to advance the understanding of biopersistent NM kinetics. We conclude that a major requirement for future nanosafety research is the development and application of analytical tools to characterize NPs in different exposure scenarios and biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Laux
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Riebeling
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andy M Booth
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Trondheim N-7465, Norway
| | - Joseph D Brain
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josephine Brunner
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Otto Creutzenberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Department of Inhalation Toxicology, Nikolai Fuchs Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Irina Estrela-Lopis
- Institute of Medical Physics & Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstraße 16, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Gebel
- German Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Friedrich-Henkel-Weg 1-25, 44149 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gunnar Johanson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harald Jungnickel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Kock
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Department of Inhalation Toxicology, Nikolai Fuchs Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jutta Tentschert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmed Tlili
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Adriënne J A M Sips
- National Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A Yokel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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Gonzalez L, Cundari E, Leyns L, Kirsch-Volders M. Towards a New Paradigm in Nano-Genotoxicology: Facing Complexity of Nanomaterials' Cellular Interactions and Effects. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 121 Suppl 3:23-29. [PMID: 27813321 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Changes in paradigm contribute to advances in research. The current paradigms for the evaluation of toxicity of chemicals refer to linear or curvilinear dose-response curves with or without threshold and to surface-dependent induction of oxidative damage for particles. The unique physicochemical properties and biological/genotoxic activity of engineered nanomaterials (NMs) require the development of a new paradigm. Because of their unusual dosimetry and their multiple interactions at NM level (agglomeration/aggregation) and at different cellular and extracellular levels, NMs are likely to have complex modes of action (multiple hits at multiple targets) leading to complex thresholded-non-thresholded dose-response curves. Understanding their cellular targets and their modes of action will contribute to the production of safe-by-design NMs. An integrative, cell-by-cell approach for genotoxic effects should be applied to tackle this emerging paradigm in nano-genotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Cell Genetics, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Enrico Cundari
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Luc Leyns
- Laboratory of Cell Genetics, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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47
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Iglesias T, Dusinska M, El Yamani N, Irache JM, Azqueta A, López de Cerain A. In vitro evaluation of the genotoxicity of poly(anhydride) nanoparticles designed for oral drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2017; 523:418-426. [PMID: 28286081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, the development of nanomaterials has significantly increased due to the immense variety of potential applications in technological sectors, such as medicine, pharmacy and food safety. Focusing on the nanodevices for oral drug delivery, poly(anhydride) nanoparticles have received extensive attention due to their unique properties, such as their capability to develop intense adhesive interactions within the gut mucosa, their modifiable surface and their biodegradable and easy-to-produce profile. However, current knowledge of the possible adverse health effects as well as, toxicological information, is still exceedingly limited. Thus, we investigated the capacity of two poly(anhydride) nanoparticles, Gantrez® AN 119-NP (GN-NP) and Gantrez® AN 119 covered with mannosamine (GN-MA-NP), and their main bulk material (Gantrez® AN 119-Polymer), to induce DNA damage and thymidine kinase (TK+/-) mutations in L5178Y TK+/- mouse lymphoma cells after 24h of exposure. The results showed that GN-NP, GN-MA-NP and their polymer did not induce DNA strand breaks or oxidative damage at concentrations ranging from 7.4 to 600μg/mL. Besides, the mutagenic potential of these nanoparticles and their polymer revealed no significant or biologically relevant gene mutation induction at concentrations up to 600μg/mL under our experimental settings. Considering the non-genotoxic effects of GN-NP and GN-MA-NP, as well as their exceptional properties, these nanoparticles are promising nanocarriers for oral medical administrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Iglesias
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - N El Yamani
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - J M Irache
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Spain.
| | - A López de Cerain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Spain
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48
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Menas AL, Yanamala N, Farcas MT, Russo M, Friend S, Fournier PM, Star A, Iavicoli I, Shurin GV, Vogel UB, Fadeel B, Beezhold D, Kisin ER, Shvedova AA. Fibrillar vs crystalline nanocellulose pulmonary epithelial cell responses: Cytotoxicity or inflammation? CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 171:671-680. [PMID: 28061425 PMCID: PMC5459363 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose (NC) is emerging as a highly promising nanomaterial for a wide range of applications. Moreover, many types of NC are produced, each exhibiting a slightly different shape, size, and chemistry. The main objective of this study was to compare cytotoxic effects of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NCF). The human lung epithelial cells (A549) were exposed for 24 h and 72 h to five different NC particles to determine how variations in properties contribute to cellular outcomes, including cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and cytokine secretion. Our results showed that NCF were more toxic compared to CNC particles with respect to cytotoxicity and oxidative stress responses. However, exposure to CNC caused an inflammatory response with significantly elevated inflammatory cytokines/chemokines compared to NCF. Interestingly, cellulose staining indicated that CNC particles, but not NCF, were taken up by the cells. Furthermore, clustering analysis of the inflammatory cytokines revealed a similarity of NCF to the carbon nanofibers response and CNC to the chitin, a known immune modulator and innate cell activator. Taken together, the present study has revealed distinct differences between fibrillar and crystalline nanocellulose and demonstrated that physicochemical properties of NC are critical in determining their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn L Menas
- Exposure Assessment Branch/NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | | | - Maria Russo
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Sherri Friend
- Pathology & Physiology Research Branch/NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Philip M Fournier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Star
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Division of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Galina V Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ulla B Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Donald Beezhold
- Health Effects Laboratory Division/NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Elena R Kisin
- Exposure Assessment Branch/NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Anna A Shvedova
- Exposure Assessment Branch/NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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49
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Landsiedel R, Ma-Hock L, Wiench K, Wohlleben W, Sauer UG. Safety assessment of nanomaterials using an advanced decision-making framework, the DF4nanoGrouping. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 19:171. [PMID: 28553159 PMCID: PMC5423989 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-017-3850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
As presented at the 2016 TechConnect World Innovation Conference on 22-25 May 2016 in Washington DC, USA, the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) 'Nano Task Force' proposes a Decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of nanomaterials (DF4nanoGrouping) consisting of three tiers to assign nanomaterials to four main groups with possible further subgrouping to refine specific information needs. The DF4nanoGrouping covers all relevant aspects of a nanomaterial's life cycle and biological pathways: intrinsic material properties and system-dependent properties (that depend upon the nanomaterial's respective surroundings), biopersistence, uptake and biodistribution, and cellular and apical toxic effects. Use, release, and exposure route may be applied as 'qualifiers' to determine if, e.g., nanomaterials cannot be released from products, which may justify waiving of testing. The four main groups encompass (1) soluble, (2) biopersistent high aspect ratio, (3) passive, and (4) active nanomaterials. The DF4nanoGrouping foresees a stepwise evaluation of nanomaterial properties and effects with increasing biological complexity. In case studies covering carbonaceous nanomaterials, metal oxide, and metal sulfate nanomaterials, amorphous silica and organic pigments (all nanomaterials having primary particle sizes below 100 nm), the usefulness of the DF4nanoGrouping for nanomaterial hazard assessment was confirmed. The DF4nanoGrouping facilitates grouping and targeted testing of nanomaterials. It ensures that sufficient data for the risk assessment of a nanomaterial are available, and it fosters the use of non-animal methods. No studies are performed that do not provide crucial data. Thereby, the DF4nanoGrouping serves to save both animals and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Landsiedel
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Lan Ma-Hock
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Karin Wiench
- Regulatory Toxicology, BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Advanced Materials Research, BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Ursula G. Sauer
- Scientific Consultancy—Animal Welfare, Hallstattfeld 16, 85579 Neubiberg, Germany
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50
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Iglesias T, López de Cerain A, Irache JM, Martín-Arbella N, Wilcox M, Pearson J, Azqueta A. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mucus permeation capacity of several surface modified poly(anhydride) nanoparticles designed for oral drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2017; 517:67-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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