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Abdo Qaid EY, Abdullah Z, Zakaria R, Long I. Minocycline protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced glial cells activation and oxidative stress damage in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of the rat. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:56-65. [PMID: 35638219 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2084092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress have been encountered in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the neuroprotective effects of minocycline against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced glial cells activation and oxidative stress damage in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of rats are still elusive. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of minocycline and memantine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, on the microglia and astrocytes expression, as well as oxidative stress levels in the mPFC of LPS injected rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty adult Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: control, LPS (5 mg/kg), LPS treated with minocycline (25 mg/kg), LPS treated with minocycline (50 mg/kg) and LPS treated with memantine (10 mg/kg). The immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to analyse the expressions and densities of microglia marker (Iba-1) and astrocyte marker, (GFAP) while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the protein carbonyl (PCO), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. RESULTS In comparison to the control group, the expression and density of Iba-1 and GFAP were significantly enhanced in the LPS group (p < 0.05). LPS group also exhibited significantly higher levels of PCO and MDA (p < 0.05) and significantly lower levels of CAT and SOD (p < 0.05) when compared to the control group. Both minocycline and memantine-treated LPS rats were able to protect against these effects. CONCLUSION Minocycline, like memantine treatment, reduces oxidative stress in the mPFC of LPS rats via inhibition of glial cells activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entesar Yaseen Abdo Qaid
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Histology, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Zuraidah Abdullah
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Rahimah Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Idris Long
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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2
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Kusui Y, Izuo N, Tokuhara R, Asano T, Nitta A. Neuronal activation of nucleus accumbens by local methamphetamine administration induces cognitive impairment through microglial inflammation in mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 154:127-138. [PMID: 38395513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
More than half of methamphetamine (METH) users present with cognitive impairment, making it difficult for them to reintegrate into society. However, the mechanisms of METH-induced cognitive impairment remain unclear. METH causes neuronal hyperactivation in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) by aberrantly releasing dopamine, which triggers dependence. In this study, to clarify the involvement of hyperactivation of NAc in METH-induced cognitive impairment, mice were locally microinjected with METH into NAc (mice with METH (NAc)) and investigated their cognitive phenotype. Mice with METH (NAc) exhibited cognitive dysfunction in behavioral analyses and decreased long-term potentiation in the hippocampus, with NAc activation confirmed by expression of FosB, a neuronal activity marker. In the hippocampus of mice with METH (NAc), activated microglia, but not astroglia, and upregulated microglia-related genes, Il1b and C1qa were observed. Finally, administration of minocycline, a tetracycline antibiotic with suppressive effect on microglial activation, to mice with METH (NAc) ameliorated cognitive impairment and synaptic dysfunction by suppressing the increased expression of Il1b and C1qa in the hippocampus. In conclusion, activation of NAc by injection of METH into NAc elicited cognitive impairment by facilitating immune activation in mice. This study suggests that immunological intervention could be a therapeutic strategy for addiction-related cognitive disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kusui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Naotaka Izuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Reika Tokuhara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Asano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Atsumi Nitta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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3
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Laaker CJ, Cantelon C, Davis AB, Lloyd KR, Agyeman N, Hiltz AR, Smith BL, Konsman JP, Reyes TM. Early life cancer and chemotherapy lead to cognitive deficits related to alterations in microglial-associated gene expression in prefrontal cortex. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:176-188. [PMID: 37468114 PMCID: PMC10529696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Children that survive leukemia are at an increased risk for cognitive difficulties. A better understanding of the neurobiological changes in response to early life chemotherapy will help develop therapeutic strategies to improve quality of life for leukemia survivors. To that end, we used a translationally-relevant mouse model consisting of leukemic cell line (L1210) injection into postnatal day (P)19 mice followed by methotrexate, vincristine, and leucovorin chemotherapy. Beginning one week after the end of chemotherapy, social behavior, recognition memory and executive function (using the 5 choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT)) were tested in male and female mice. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HPC) were collected at the conclusion of behavioral assays for gene expression analysis. Mice exposed to early life cancer + chemotherapy were slower to progress through increasingly difficult stages of the 5CSRTT and showed an increase in premature errors, indicating impulsive action. A cluster of microglial-related genes in the PFC were found to be associated with performance in the 5CSRTT and acquisition of the operant response, and long-term changes in gene expression were evident in both PFC and HPC. This work identifies gene expression changes in PFC and HPC that may underlie cognitive deficits in survivors of early life exposure to cancer + chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin J Laaker
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Claire Cantelon
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alyshia B Davis
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kelsey R Lloyd
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nana Agyeman
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Adam R Hiltz
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brittany L Smith
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jan Pieter Konsman
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Teresa M Reyes
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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4
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Minocycline treatment improves cognitive and functional plasticity in a preclinical mouse model of major depressive disorder. Behav Brain Res 2023; 441:114295. [PMID: 36641083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic, recurring, and potentially life-threatening illness, which affects over 300 million people worldwide. MDD affects not only the emotional and social domains but also cognition. However, the currently available treatments targeting cognitive deficits in MDD are limited. Minocycline, an antibiotic with anti-inflammatory properties recently identified as a potential antidepressant, has been shown to attenuate learning and memory deficits in animal models of cognitive impairment. Here, we explored whether minocycline recovers the deficits in cognition in a mouse model of depression. C57BL6/J adult male mice were exposed to two weeks of chronic unpredictable mild stress to induce a depressive-like phenotype. Immediately afterward, mice received either vehicle or minocycline for three weeks in standard housing conditions. We measured anhedonia as a depressive-like response, and place learning to assess cognitive abilities. We also recorded long-term potentiation (LTP) as an index of hippocampal functional plasticity and ran immunohistochemical assays to assess microglial proportion and morphology. After one week of treatment, cognitive performance in the place learning test was significantly improved by minocycline, as treated mice displayed a higher number of correct responses when learning novel spatial configurations. Accordingly, minocycline-treated mice displayed higher LTP compared to controls. However, after three weeks of treatment, no difference between treated and control animals was found for behavior, neural plasticity, and microglial properties, suggesting that minocycline has a fast but short effect on cognition, without lasting effects on microglia. These findings together support the usefulness of minocycline as a potential treatment for cognitive impairment associated with MDD.
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Banerjee M, Shenoy RR. Emphasizing roles of BDNF promoters and inducers in Alzheimer's disease for improving impaired cognition and memory. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 34:125-136. [PMID: 34751526 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a crucial neurotrophic factor adding to neurons' development and endurance. The amount of BDNF present in the brain determines susceptibility to various neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), often it is seen that low levels of BDNF are present, which primarily contributes to cognition deficit by regulating long-term potentiation (LTP) and synaptic plasticity. Molecular mechanisms underlying the synthesis, storage and release of BDNF are widely studied. New molecules are found, which contribute to the signal transduction pathway. Two important receptors of BDNF are TrkB and p75NTR. When BDNF binds to the TrkB receptor, it activates three main signalling pathways-phospholipase C, MAPK/ERK, PI3/AKT. BDNF holds an imperative part in LTP and dendritic development, which are essential for memory formation. BDNF supports synaptic integrity by influencing LTP and LTD. This action is conducted by modulating the glutamate receptors; AMPA and NMDA. This review paper discusses the aforesaid points along with inducers of BDNF. Drugs and herbals promote neuroprotection by increasing the hippocampus' BDNF level in various disease-induced animal models for neurodegeneration. Advancement in finding pertinent molecules contributing to the BDNF signalling pathway has been discussed, along with the areas that require further research and study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuparna Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi District, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha R Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi District, Karnataka, India
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Shen B, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Ling Z, Zeng F, Wang Y, Wang J. Baicalin Relieves LPS-Induced Lung Inflammation via the NF-κB and MAPK Pathways. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041873. [PMID: 36838858 PMCID: PMC9966172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin is an active ingredient extracted from the Chinese medicine Scutellaria and has many beneficial effects. Pulmonary interstitial and alveolar edema are common symptoms of an acute lung injury (ALI). We investigated the effects of baicalin on LPS-induced inflammation and the underlying mechanisms in mice and cells. The protein contents and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells and mice were detected using ELISA and qRT-PCR. Baicalin significantly suppressed TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels and expression, both in vitro and in vivo, compared with the LPS group. Baicalin inhibits the expression of TLR4 and MyD88, resulting in significant decreases in p-p65, p-p38, p-ERK, and p-JNK, as measured by the Western blotting of RAW264.7 cells. A baicalin treatment for 12 h resulted in a rapid increasing of the white blood cell number and significantly improved the pathological changes in the lung. We also found that the baicalin pretreatment for 12 h could decrease the MPO content and wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio, which indicates that baicalin can significantly reduce pulmonary edema. Furthermore, the baicalin pretreatment also resulted in the recovery of TGF-β protein levels and decreased iNOS. Baicalin inhibits ALI inflammation in mice and cells and is a potential candidate for the treatment of ALI.
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Eshaghi Ghalibaf MH, Rajabian A, Parviz M, Akbarian M, Amirahmadi S, Vafaee F, Hosseini M. Minocycline alleviated scopolamine-induced amnesia by regulating antioxidant and cholinergic function. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13452. [PMID: 36816250 PMCID: PMC9929315 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Minocycline, a tetracycline derivative, has been found to exert neuroprotective properties. The current project aimed to assess the antioxidant status and cholinergic function in the amnesia induced by scopolamine. Methods We evaluated the passive avoidance performance, acetylcholine esterase (AChE) enzyme activity, and the oxidative stress indicators in the following groups: Normal control, scopolamine, and the treatment groups (the animals were given minocycline (10-30 mg/kg)). Results Scopolamine (intraperitoneal) injection was associated with impairment of passive avoidance performance and neurotoxicity. Minocycline pronouncedly ameliorated scopolamine injury as presented by the increased latency time to darkness and stay time in lightness along with the decreased darkness entry. Moreover, minocycline decreased lipid peroxidation, while it elevated the levels of superoxide dismutase, AChE enzymes, and thiol groups in both the cortex and hippocampus. Conclusion Our data suggested that minocycline modulated the antioxidant status and AChE in the brains, which may contribute to its protective effects against scopolamine-induced amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosein Eshaghi Ghalibaf
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Medical Department of Physiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Rajabian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding author.
| | - Mohsen Parviz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Medical Department of Physiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Basic Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsan Akbarian
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sabiheh Amirahmadi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Vafaee
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding author.
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Cheng D, Qin ZS, Zheng Y, Xie JY, Liang SS, Zhang JL, Feng YB, Zhang ZJ. Minocycline, a classic antibiotic, exerts psychotropic effects by normalizing microglial neuroinflammation-evoked tryptophan-kynurenine pathway dysregulation in chronically stressed male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 107:305-318. [PMID: 36332817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of tryptophan-kynurenine pathway (TKP) is extensively involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, depression, and neurodegenerative disorders. Minocycline, a classic antibiotic, may exert psychotropic effects associated with the modulation of TKP. In this study, we examined the effects of minocycline in improving behaviour and modulating TKP components in chronically stressed male mice. Following repeated treatment with 22.5 mg/kg and 45 mg/kg minocycline for 27 days, the stressed mice particularly with higher dose displayed significant improvement on cognitive impairment, depression- and anxiety-like behaviour. Minocycline suppressed stress-induced overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and restored anti-inflammatory cytokines. Chronic stress dramatically suppressed blood and prefrontal cortical levels of the primary substrate tryptophan (TRP), the neuroprotective metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA), and KYNA/KYN ratio, but increased the intermediate kynurenine (KYN), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), KYN/TRP ratio, and the neurotoxic metabolite quinolinic acid (QUIN). Minocycline partially or completely reversed changes in these components. Minocycline also inhibited stress-induced overexpression of QUIN-related enzymes, indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1(iDO-1), kynureninase (KYNU), kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase (3-HAO), but rescued the decreased expression of kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) in brain regions. Behavioral improvements were correlated with multiple TKP metabolites and enzymes. These results suggest that the psychotropic effects of minocycline are mainly associated with the restoration of biodistribution of the primary substrate in the brain and normalization of neuroinflammation-evoked TKP dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zong-Shi Qin
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun-Ya Xie
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sui-Sha Liang
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia-Ling Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Bin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (HKU-SZH), Shenzhen, China.
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Qaid EYA, Abdullah Z, Zakaria R, Long I. Minocycline Protects Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Oxidative Stress: Possible Role of the CREB-BDNF Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2022; 48:1480-1490. [PMID: 36509985 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03842-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative stress-induced dysregulation of the cyclic AMP response element-binding protein- brain-derived neurotrophic factor (CREB-BDNF) cascade has been linked to cognitive impairment in several studies. This study aimed to investigate the effect of minocycline on the levels of oxidative stress markers, CREB, and BDNF in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairment. Fifty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided randomly into five groups. Group 1 was an untreated control group. Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were treated concurrently with LPS (5 mg/kg, i.p) once on day 5 and normal saline (0.7 ml/rat, i.p) or minocycline (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p) or memantine (10 mg/kg, i.p) once daily from day 1 until day 14, respectively. From day 15 to day 22 of the experiment, Morris Water Maze (MWM) was used to evaluate learning and reference memory in rats. The levels of protein carbonyl (PCO), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CREB and BDNF expression and density were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis, respectively. LPS administration significantly increased escape latency to the hidden platform with decreased travelled distance, swimming speed, target crossings and time spent in the target quadrant. Besides, the hippocampal tissue of LPS rats showed increased levels of PCO and MDA, decreased levels of CAT and SOD, and reduced expression and density of BDNF and CREB. Treatment with minocycline reversed these effects in a dose-dependent manner, comparable to the effects of memantine. Both doses of minocycline treatment protect against LPS-induced cognitive impairment by reducing oxidative stress and upregulating the CREB-BDNF signalling pathway in the rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entesar Yaseen Abdo Qaid
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Zuraidah Abdullah
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rahimah Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Idris Long
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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10
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McCamy KM, Rees KA, Winzer-Serhan UH. Peripheral immune challenges elicit differential up-regulation of hippocampal cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression in a mouse model of the 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome. Cytokine 2022; 159:156005. [PMID: 36084604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The human heterozygous 15q13.3 microdeletion is associated with neuropathological disorders, most prominently with epilepsy and intellectual disability. The 1.5 Mb deletion encompasses six genes (FAN1 [MTMR15], MTMR10, TRPM1, KLF13, OTUD7A, and CHRNA7); all but one (TRPM1) are expressed in the brain. The 15q13.3 microdeletion causes highly variable neurological symptoms, and confounding factors may contribute to a more severe phenotype. CHRNA7 and KLF13 are involved in immune system regulation and altered immune responses may contribute to neurological deficits. We used the Df[h15q13]/+ transgenic mouse model with a heterozygous deletion of the orthologous region (Het) to test the hypothesis that the microdeletion increases innate immune responses compared to wild type (WT). Male and female mice were acutely challenged with the bacteriomimetic lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) or the viral mimetic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C), 5 mg/kg). Hippocampal mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were determined three hours after injection using quantitative PCR analysis. In controls, expression was not affected by sex or genotype. LPS and Poly(I:C) resulted in significantly increased hippocampal expression of cytokines, chemokines, and interferon-γ (IFNγ), with more robust increases for TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CXCL1, and CCL2 by LPS, higher induction of IFNγ by Poly(I:C), and similar increases of CCL4 and CCL5 by both agents. Generally, Hets exhibited stronger responses than WT mice, and significant effects of genotype or genotype × treatment interactions were detected for CXCL1 and CCL5, and IL-6, IL-1β, and CCL4, respectively, after LPS. Sex differences were detected for some targets. LPS but not Poly(I:C), reduced overnight burrowing independent of sex or genotype, suggesting that LPS induced sickness behavior. Thus, mice carrying the microdeletion have an increased innate immune response following a LPS challenge, but further studies will have to determine the extent and mechanisms of altered immune activation and subsequent contributions to 15q13.3 microdeletion associated deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M McCamy
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, United States
| | - Katherine A Rees
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, United States
| | - Ursula H Winzer-Serhan
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, United States.
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11
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Infection, Learning, and Memory: Focus on Immune Activation and Aversive Conditioning. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104898. [PMID: 36183862 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we review the effects of immune activation primarily via lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria, on hippocampal and non-hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. Rodent studies have found that LPS alters both the acquisition and consolidation of aversive learning and memory, such as those evoking evolutionarily adaptive responses like fear and disgust. The inhibitory effects of LPS on the acquisition and consolidation of contextual fear memory are discussed. LPS-induced alterations in the acquisition of taste and place-related conditioned disgust memory within bottle preference tasks and taste reactivity tests (taste-related), in addition to conditioned context avoidance tasks and the anticipatory nausea paradigm (place-related), are highlighted. Further, conditioned disgust memory consolidation may also be influenced by LPS-induced effects. Growing evidence suggests a central role of immune activation, especially pro-inflammatory cytokine activity, in eliciting the effects described here. Understanding how infection-induced immune activation alters learning and memory is increasingly important as bacterial and viral infections are found to present a risk of learning and memory impairment.
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12
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Luo D, Han L, Gao S, Xiao Z, Zhou Q, Cheng X, Zhang Y, Zhou W. LINCS Dataset-Based Repositioning of Dutasteride as an Anti-Neuroinflammation Agent. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111411. [PMID: 34827410 PMCID: PMC8615696 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is often accompanied by central nervous system (CNS) injury seen in various CNS diseases, with no specific treatment. Drug repurposing is a strategy of finding new uses for approved or investigational drugs, and can be enabled by the Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS), a large drug perturbation database. In this study, the signatures of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were compared with the signatures of compounds contained in the LINCS dataset. To the top 100 compounds obtained, the Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR)-based tool admetSAR was used to identify the top 10 candidate compounds with relatively high blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration. Furthermore, the seventh-ranked compound, dutasteride, a 5-α-reductase inhibitor, was selected for in vitro and in vivo validation of its anti-neuroinflammation activity. The results showed that dutasteride significantly reduced the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the supernatants of LPS-stimulated BV2 cells, and decreased the levels of IL-6 in the hippocampus and plasma, and the number of activated microglia in the brain of LPS administration mice. Furthermore, dutasteride also attenuated the cognitive impairment caused by LPS stimulation in mice. Taken together, this study demonstrates that the LINCS dataset-based drug repurposing strategy is an effective approach, and the predicted candidate, dutasteride, has the potential to ameliorate LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (D.L.); (L.H.); (S.G.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (X.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lu Han
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (D.L.); (L.H.); (S.G.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (X.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shengqiao Gao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (D.L.); (L.H.); (S.G.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (X.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (D.L.); (L.H.); (S.G.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (X.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qingru Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (D.L.); (L.H.); (S.G.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (X.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaorui Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (D.L.); (L.H.); (S.G.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (X.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (D.L.); (L.H.); (S.G.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (X.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (D.L.); (L.H.); (S.G.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (X.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (W.Z.)
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Parrott JM, Porter GA, Redus L, O'Connor JC. Brain derived neurotrophic factor deficiency exacerbates inflammation-induced anhedonia in mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 134:105404. [PMID: 34601342 PMCID: PMC8934305 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is implicated in the pathology of major depression and influences the inflammatory response. Prolonged immune system activation can cause depression symptoms, and individuals with low BDNF expression may be vulnerable to inflammation-induced depression. We tested the hypothesis that BDNF deficient mice are vulnerable to the induction of depressive-like behavior following peripheral immune challenge. BDNF heterozygous (BDNF+/-) or wild-type (BDNF+/+) littermate mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) to trigger an acute pro-inflammatory response. After resolution of the acute sickness response, central expression of inflammatory genes, kynurenine metabolites, and depressive-like behaviors across multiple dimensions (symptoms) were measured. BDNF+/- mice displayed an exaggerated neuroinflammatory response following peripheral immune challenge. Pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were overexpressed in BDNF+/- mice relative to BDNF+/+ littermate control mice. While behavioral despair and anxiety-like behavior was not different between genotypes, LPS-induced anhedonia-like behavior was significantly more pronounced in BDNF+/- mice relative to BDNF+/+ mice. The kynurenine pathway mediates the many depressive-like behavioral effects of peripheral LPS, and similar to pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression and kynurenine metabolism was exaggerated in BDNF+/- mice. Genetic BDNF deficiency results in a dysregulated neuroinflammatory and metabolic response to peripheral immune challenge and in a specific vulnerability to the development of inflammation-induced anhedonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Parrott
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States; Center for Biomedical Neuroscience and School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States
| | - Grace A Porter
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States; Center for Biomedical Neuroscience and School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States
| | - Laney Redus
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States
| | - Jason C O'Connor
- Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Heath System, San Antonio, TX 78229-4404, United States; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States; Center for Biomedical Neuroscience and School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States; Mood Disorders Translational Research Core, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States.
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Matsumoto D, Ushio S, Wada Y, Noda Y, Esumi S, Izushi Y, Kitamura Y, Sendo T. Bumetanide prevents diazepam-modified anxiety-like behavior in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 904:174195. [PMID: 34004209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Benzodiazepine receptor agonists are widely prescribed therapeutic agents that alter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor activity and have anxiolytic effects. Post-operative use of benzodiazepines is a risk factor of delirium. Inflammatory conditions alter the anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepine. We investigated the effect of diazepam, a typical benzodiazepine anxiolytic, on changes in the emotional behavior of mice in a hole-board test after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Diazepam dose-dependently increased the number of head-dips at doses that did not alter locomotor activity; however, diazepam dose-dependently significantly decreased the number of head-dips at doses that did not alter locomotor activity in LPS-treated mice. Flumazenil, a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, normalized the decrease in head-dipping behavior caused by diazepam treatment in normal and LPS-treated mice. The decrease of the head-dipping effect caused by diazepam was attenuated by minocycline in LPS-treated mice. We further found that the decrease in head-dipping behavior caused by diazepam was blocked by bumetanide, a Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) antagonist, in LPS-treated mice. These findings suggest that diazepam induces the anxiety-like behavior under inflammation conditions, and may cause the GABAA receptor dysfunction associated with the chloride plasticity mediated by NKCC1, which contributes to benzodiazepine-induced delirium after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ushio
- Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yudai Wada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yukiko Noda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Satoru Esumi
- Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Izushi
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, 703-8516, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kitamura
- Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan; Department of Pharmacotherapy, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, 703-8516, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Sendo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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15
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Mogali S, Askalsky P, Madera G, Jones JD, Comer SD. Minocycline attenuates oxycodone-induced positive subjective responses in non-dependent, recreational opioid users. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 209:173241. [PMID: 34298029 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data suggest that glial cells may be involved in the analgesic effects and abuse liability of opioids. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that mu-opioid-receptor-selective agonists, such as oxycodone, activate glia and increase the release of cytokines, causing a suppression of opioid-induced analgesic effects. Preclinical studies also show that certain medications, such as the broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic minocycline, inhibit opioid-induced glial activation and thereby enhance the analgesic effects of opioids. Importantly, minocycline reduces the rewarding effects of opioids at the same doses that it enhances opioid-induced analgesia. AIMS The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of acute administration of minocycline on the subjective, physiological, and analgesic effects of oxycodone in human research volunteers. DESIGN This study was a within-subject, randomized, double-blind outpatient study. Participants completed five separate sessions in which they received 0, 100, or 200 mg minocycline (MINO) simultaneously with either 0 or 40 mg oxycodone (OXY). The subjective, physiological, and analgesic effects of OXY were measured before and repeatedly after drug administration. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS Participants were between 21 and 45 years of age, non-treatment seeking, non-dependent recreational opioid users (N = 12). This study was conducted between 2013 and 2014 at the New York State Psychiatric Institute in New York, NY. FINDINGS MINO 100 and 200 mg were safe and well-tolerated in combination with OXY 40 mg. MINO 200 mg administered with OXY 40 mg attenuated OXY-induced positive subjective effects such as "Good Effect" and "Liking" compared to OXY alone. MINO did not alter the physiological or analgesic effects of OXY. CONCLUSIONS MINO may attenuate the abuse liability of mu-opioid-receptor-selective agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mogali
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Dr., Unit 66, New York, NY 10032, United States of America.
| | - P Askalsky
- NYU Langone School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - G Madera
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 515 East 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, United States of America
| | - J D Jones
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Dr., Unit 66, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - S D Comer
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Dr., Unit 66, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
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16
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Singh H, Singh A, Khan AA, Gupta V. Immune mediating molecules and pathogenesis of COVID-19-associated neurological disease. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105023. [PMID: 34090983 PMCID: PMC8177310 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Long period of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with psychiatric and cognitive disorders in adolescents and children. SARS-CoV-2 remains dormant in the CNS leading to neurological complications. The wide expression of ACE2 in the brain raises concern for its involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Though, the mechanistic insights about blood-brain barriers (BBB) crossing by SARS-CoV-2 and further brain infection are still not clear. Moreover, the mechanism behind dormant SARS-CoV-2 infections leading to chronic neurological disorders needs to be unveiled. There is an urgent need to find out the risk factor involved in COVID-19-associated neurological disease. Therefore, the role of immune-associated genes in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 associated neurological diseases is presented which could contribute to finding associated genetic risk factors. Method The search utilizing multiple databases, specifically, EMBASE, PubMed (Medline), and Google Scholar was performed. Moreover, the literature survey on the involvement of COVID-19, neuropathogenesis, and its consequences was done. Description Persistent inflammatory stimuli may promote the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. An increased expression level of cytokine, chemokine, and decreased expression level of immune cells has been associated with the COVID-19 patient. Cytokine storm was observed in severe COVID-19 patients. The nature of SARS-CoV-2 infection can be neuroinflammatory. Genes of immune response could be associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusion The present review will provide a useful framework and help in understanding COVID-19-associated neuropathogenesis. Experimental studies on immune-associated genes in COVID-19 patients with neurological manifestations could be helpful to establish its neuropathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- HariOm Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India.
| | - Amita Singh
- District Women Hospital, Prayagraj, UP, 211003, India
| | - Abdul Arif Khan
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, 282001, India
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Mi Y, Jiao K, Xu JK, Wei K, Liu JY, Meng QQ, Guo TT, Zhang XN, Zhou D, Qing DG, Sun Y, Li N, Hou Y. Kellerin from Ferula sinkiangensis exerts neuroprotective effects after focal cerebral ischemia in rats by inhibiting microglia-mediated inflammatory responses. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113718. [PMID: 33352239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ferula sinkiangensis K. M. Shen is a traditional Chinese medicine that has a variety of pharmacological properties relevant to neurological disorders and inflammations. Kellerin, a novel compound extracted from Ferula sinkiangensis, exerts a strong anti-neuroinflammatory effect by inhibiting microglial activation. Microglial activation plays a vital role in ischemia-induced brain injury. However, the potential therapeutic effect of kellerin on focal cerebral ischemia is still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the effect of kellerin on cerebral ischemia and clarify its possible mechanisms, we applied the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and the LPS-activated microglia model in our study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Neurological outcome was examined according to a 4-tiered grading system. Brain infarct size was measured using TTC staining. Brain edema was calculated using the wet weight minus dry weight method. Neuron damage and microglial activation were observed by immunofluorescence in MCAO model in rats. In in vitro studies, microglial activation was examined by flow cytometry and the viability of neuronal cells cultured in microglia-conditioned medium was measured using MTT assay. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by qRT-PCR and ELISA. The proteins involved in NF-κB signaling pathway were determined by western blot. Intracellular ROS was examined using DCFH-DA method and NADPH oxidase activity was measured using the NBT assay. RESULTS We found that kellerin improved neurological outcome, reduced brain infarct size and decreased brain edema in MCAO model in rats. Under the pathologic conditions of focal cerebral ischemia, kellerin alleviated neuron damage and inhibited microglial activation. Moreover, in in vitro studies of LPS-stimulated BV2 cells kellerin protected neuronal cells from being damaged by inhibiting microglial activation. Kellerin also reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, suppressed the NF-κB signaling pathway, and decreased ROS generation and NADPH oxidase activity. CONCLUSIONS Our discoveries reveal that the neuroprotective effects of kellerin may largely depend on its inhibitory effect on microglial activation. This suggests that kellerin could serve as a novel anti-inflammatory agent which may have therapeutic effects in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mi
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Kun Jiao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Ji-Kai Xu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Kun Wei
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing-Yu Liu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing-Qi Meng
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting-Ting Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Ni Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - De-Gang Qing
- XinJiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnodrug, Urumqi, China
| | - Yu Sun
- XinJiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnodrug, Urumqi, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yue Hou
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China.
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Diffusion kurtosis imaging to evaluate the effect and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine on cognitive impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:2492-2501. [PMID: 33570727 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Using diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) to evaluate the brain changes, the therapeutic effect and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine in rats with dementia induced by lipopolysaccharide. Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and five groups pretreated with sham operation, lipopolysaccharide(150ug) and three doses of tetramethylpyrazine(5, 10, and 20 mg/mL respectively). The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate cognitive ability. DKI and histology were performed. Low-dose of tetramethylpyrazine pretreated rats showed lower escape latency(6th day: 15.92seconds(s) vs. 5.11 s, P = 0.001), spent more time in the target quadrant(15.67 s vs. 29.83 s, P = 0.009) and crossed the platform area more frequently(3.50 vs. 9.17, P = 0.001) than rats in the LPS-treated group. Compared to sham group, the fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusion (Da), mean kurtosis (MK), and axial kurtosis (Ka) values in the cortex of lipopolysaccharide group were lower (P = 0.021,0.003,0.003,0.001,respectively).The MK, Ka, Kr, and FA values in the hippocampus of the lipopolysaccharide group were higher (P = 0.01, 0.026,0.007,0.003,respectively),while MD and Da values were lower (P = 0.045,0.044, respectively). Tetramethylpyrazine-pretreated rats showed higher values of FA, MD, Da, MK, and Ka in the cortex, lower MK, Ka, Kr, and FA values and higher MD,Da values in the hippocampus than the lipopolysaccharide group. Histologically, prominent inflammatory cells infiltration in the brain parenchyma of lipopolysaccharide group were observed, while groups pretreated using tetramethylpyrazine were alleviated. Tetramethylpyrazine can improve cognitive dysfunction induced by lipopolysaccharide. DKI can sensitively detect microstructure integrity of brain parenchyma in a non-invasive manner.
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Contributions of animal models of cognitive disorders to neuropsychopharmacology. Therapie 2021; 76:87-99. [PMID: 33589315 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive disorders and symptoms are key features of many mental and neurological diseases, with a large spectrum of impaired domains. Because of their possible evolution and detrimental functioning impact, they are a major pharmacological target for both symptomatic and disease-modifier drugs, while few cognitive enhancers have been marketed with an insufficient efficiency. It explains the need to model these cognitive disorders beyond the modelization of mental or neurological diseases themselves. According to the experimental strategy used to induce cognitive impairment, three categories of models have been identified: neurotransmission-driven models; pathophysiology-driven models; environment-driven models. These three categories of models reflect different levels of integration of endogenous and exogenous mechanisms underlying cognitive disorders in humans. Their comprehensive knowledge and illustration of their pharmacological modulation could help to propose a renewing strategy of drug development in central nervous system (CNS) field at a time when the academic and industrial invest seems to be declining despite the medical and social burden of brain diseases.
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Tyrtyshnaia A, Bondar A, Konovalova S, Sultanov R, Manzhulo I. N-Docosahexanoylethanolamine Reduces Microglial Activation and Improves Hippocampal Plasticity in a Murine Model of Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249703. [PMID: 33352646 PMCID: PMC7767308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuroinflammation is a common pathogenetic link in the development of various neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, a detailed study of neuroinflammation and the development of drugs that reduce or eliminate the negative effect of neuroinflammation on cognitive processes are among the top priorities of modern neurobiology. N-docosahexanoylethanolamine (DHEA, synaptamide) is an endogenous metabolite and structural analog of anandamide, an essential endocannabinoid produced from arachidonic acid. Our study aims to elucidate the pharmacological activity of synaptamide in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation. Memory deficits in animals were determined using behavioral tests. To study the effects of LPS (750 µg/kg/day, 7 days) and synaptamide (10 mg/kg/day, 7 days) on synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation was examined in the CA1 area of acute hippocampal slices. The Golgi-Cox method allowed us to assess neuronal morphology. The production of inflammatory factors and receptors was assessed using ELISA and immunohistochemistry. During the study, functional, structural, and plastic changes within the hippocampus were identified. We found a beneficial effect of synaptamide on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and morphological characteristics of neurons. Synaptamide treatment recovered hippocampal neurogenesis, suppressed microglial activation, and significantly improved hippocampus-dependent memory. The basis of the phenomena described above is probably the powerful anti-inflammatory activity of synaptamide, as shown in our study and several previous works.
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Marefati N, Beheshti F, Mokhtari-Zaer A, Shafei MN, Salmani H, Sadeghnia HR, Hosseini M. The effects of Olibanum on oxidative stress indicators, cytokines, brain derived neurotrophic factor and memory in lipopolysaccharide challenged rats. TOXIN REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1855653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Narges Marefati
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Amin Mokhtari-Zaer
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naser Shafei
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Salmani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sadeghnia
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Mohamed MY, Masocha W. Indomethacin augments lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of inflammatory molecules in the mouse brain. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10391. [PMID: 33240677 PMCID: PMC7680052 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Indomethacin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to relieve pain and fever including during infections. However, some studies suggest that NSAIDs protect against neuroinflammation, while some find no effects or worsening of neuroinflammation. We evaluated the effect of indomethacin alone on in combination with minocycline, a drug that inhibits neuroinflammation, on the expression of transcripts of neuroinflammatory molecules-induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the brain of mice. Inoculation of male BALB/c mice with LPS induced the expression of the microglia marker ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule protein, mRNA expression of the genes for cytokines interleukin-1beta (Il1b) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnf) and inducible nitric oxide synthase gene (Nos2), but not Il10, in the brain. Treatment with indomethacin had no significant effect on the cytokines or Nos2 mRNA expression in naïve animals. However, pretreatment with indomethacin increased LPS-induced Nos2 mRNA and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) protein expression, but had no significant effect on LPS-induced mRNA expression of the cytokines. Minocycline reduced LPS-induced Il1b and Tnf, but not Nos2, mRNA expression. Treatment with indomethacin plus minocycline had no effect on LPS-induced Il1b, Tnf and Nos2 mRNA expression. In conclusion these results show that indomethacin significantly augments LPS-induced Nos2 mRNA and iNOS protein expression in the brain. In the presence of indomethacin, minocycline could not inhibit LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Thus, indomethacin could exacerbate neuroinflammation by increasing the expression of iNOS and also block the anti-inflammatory effects of minocycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Yasin Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Willias Masocha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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23
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Söderbom G, Zeng BY. The NLRP3 inflammasome as a bridge between neuro-inflammation in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 154:345-391. [PMID: 32739011 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence increasingly suggests that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). These diseases share many pathological processes, including oxidative stress, local inflammation/neuroinflammation and chronic, low-grade (systemic) inflammation, which are exacerbated by aging, a common risk factor for T2DM and NDDs. Here, we focus on the link between chronic inflammation driven by peripheral metabolic disease and how this may impact neurodegeneration in AD and PD. We review the relationship between these common pathological processes in AD and PD from the perspective of the "pro-inflammatory" signaling of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-, leucine-rich repeat- (LRR)-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex. Since the need for effective disease-modifying therapies in T2DM, AD and PD is significant, the relationship between these diseases is important as a positive clinical impact on one may benefit the others. We briefly consider how novel strategies may target neuro-inflammation and provide potential therapies for AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bai-Yun Zeng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Wolf BJ, Brackhan M, Bascuñana P, Leiter I, Langer BLN, Ross TL, Bankstahl JP, Bankstahl M. TSPO PET Identifies Different Anti-inflammatory Minocycline Treatment Response in Two Rodent Models of Epileptogenesis. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1228-1238. [PMID: 31970667 PMCID: PMC7609777 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epileptogenesis-associated brain inflammation might be a promising target to prevent or attenuate epileptogenesis. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging targeting the translocator protein (TSPO) was applied here to quantify effects of different dosing regimens of the anti-inflammatory drug minocycline during the latent phase in two rodent models of epileptogenesis. After induction of epileptogenesis by status epilepticus (SE), rats were treated with minocycline for 7 days (25 or 50 mg/kg) and mice for 5 or 10 days (50 or 100 mg/kg). All animals were subjected to scans at 1 and 2 weeks post-SE. Radiotracer distribution was analyzed and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was performed, as well as histological analysis of astroglial activation and neuronal cell loss. Atlas-based analysis of [18F]GE180 PET in rats revealed a dose-dependent regional decrease of TSPO expression at 2 weeks post-SE. Results of SPM analysis depicted a treatment effect already at 1 week post-SE in rats treated with the higher minocycline dose. In mice, TSPO PET imaging did not reveal any treatment effects whereas histology identified only a treatment-related reduction in dispersion of dentate gyrus neurons. TSPO PET served as an auspicious tool for temporal monitoring and quantification of anti-inflammatory effects during epileptogenesis. Importantly, the findings underline the need to applying more than one animal model to avoid missing treatment effects. For future studies, the setup is ready to be applied in combination with seizure monitoring to investigate the relationship between individual early treatment response and disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina J Wolf
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mirjam Brackhan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pablo Bascuñana
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Leiter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - B Laura N Langer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias L Ross
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens P Bankstahl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Marion Bankstahl
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Zhang W, Mi Y, Jiao K, Xu J, Guo T, Zhou D, Zhang X, Ni H, Sun Y, Wei K, Li N, Hou Y. Kellerin alleviates cognitive impairment in mice after ischemic stroke by multiple mechanisms. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2258-2274. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry Northeastern University, Ministry of Education Shenyang China
| | - Yan Mi
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry Northeastern University, Ministry of Education Shenyang China
| | - Kun Jiao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry Northeastern University, Ministry of Education Shenyang China
| | - Jikai Xu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry Northeastern University, Ministry of Education Shenyang China
| | - Tingting Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Xueni Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Hui Ni
- XinJiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnodrug Urumqi China
| | - Yu Sun
- XinJiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnodrug Urumqi China
| | - Kun Wei
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources Guangxi Normal University Guilin China
| | - Yue Hou
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry Northeastern University, Ministry of Education Shenyang China
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Minocycline-induced microbiome alterations predict cafeteria diet-induced spatial recognition memory impairments in rats. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:92. [PMID: 32170156 PMCID: PMC7069973 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets rich in sugar and saturated fat are associated with cognitive impairments in both humans and rodents with several potential mechanisms proposed. To test the involvement of diet-induced pro-inflammatory signaling, we exposed rats to a high-fat, high-sugar cafeteria diet, and administered the anti-inflammatory antibiotic minocycline. In the first experiment minocycline was coadministered across the diet, then in a second, independent cohort it was introduced following 4 weeks of cafeteria diet. Cafeteria diet impaired novel place recognition memory throughout the study. Minocycline not only prevented impairment in spatial recognition memory but also reversed impairment established in rats following 4 weeks cafeteria diet. Further, minocycline normalized diet-induced increases in hippocampal pro-inflammatory gene expression. No effects of minocycline were seen on adiposity or dietary intake across the experiments. Cafeteria diet and minocycline treatment significantly altered microbiome composition. The relative abundance of Desulfovibrio_OTU31, uniquely enriched in vehicle-treated cafeteria-fed rats, negatively and significantly correlated with spatial recognition memory. We developed a statistical model that accurately predicts spatial recognition memory based on Desulfovibrio_OTU31 relative abundance and fat mass. Thus, our results show that minocycline prevents and reverses a dietary-induced diet impairment in spatial recognition memory, and that spatial recognition performance is best predicted by changes in body composition and Desulfovibrio_OTU31, rather than changes in pro-inflammatory gene expression.
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Chronic Systemic Inflammation Exacerbates Neurotoxicity in a Parkinson's Disease Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4807179. [PMID: 32015787 PMCID: PMC6982359 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4807179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is a crucial factor for microglial activation and neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration. This work is aimed at assessing whether previous exposure to systemic inflammation potentiates neurotoxic damage by the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and how chronic systemic inflammation participates in the physiopathological mechanisms of Parkinson's disease. Two different models of systemic inflammation were employed to explore this hypothesis: a single administration of lipopolysaccharide (sLPS; 5 mg/kg) and chronic exposure to low doses (mLPS; 100 μg/kg twice a week for three months). After three months, both groups were challenged with MPTP. With the sLPS administration, Iba1 staining increased in the striatum and substantia nigra, and the cell viability lowered in the striatum of these mice. mLPS alone had more impact on the proinflammatory profile of the brain, steadily increasing TNFα levels, activating microglia, reducing BDNF, cell viability, and dopamine levels, leading to a damage profile similar to the MPTP model per se. Interestingly, mLPS increased MAO-B activity possibly conferring susceptibility to MPTP damage. mLPS, along with MPTP administration, exacerbated the neurotoxic effect. This effect seemed to be coordinated by microglia since minocycline administration prevented brain TNFα increase. Coadministration of sLPS with MPTP only facilitated damage induced by MPTP without significant change in the inflammatory profile. These results indicate that chronic systemic inflammation increased susceptibility to MPTP toxic effect and is an adequate model for studying the impact of systemic inflammation in Parkinson's disease.
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Liang M, Li G, Guan X, Liu S, Fang L, Li T, Dong J, Zhou Q. Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Imaging Study of Madecassoside in Improving Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Rats. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:1836-1843. [PMID: 31785074 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central nervous system inflammation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases and is thought to play a part in the pathophysiological cascade leading to cognitive impairment. Madecassoside (MA) has shown potential for the treatment of neuroinflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can be used to establish an animal model of cognitive dysfunction induced by neuroinflammation. Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) may potentially provide diffusion and perfusion data. PURPOSE To investigate the effect of MA on neurocognitive impairment induced by LPS in rats, and to explore the changes of brain microstructure and microcirculatory perfusion by IVIM imaging. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (control group, sham operation group, LPS group, low-dose MA group, middle-dose MA group, and high-dose MA group) in a model of neurocognitive impairment induced by LPS (150 μg / 5 μL, 5 μL). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE IVIM-DWI sequence at 3.0T MRI; the scan time was 2 minutes and 17 seconds. ASSESSMENT The escape latency times of a Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the cognitive impairment rat model and the changes of learning ability of rats treated with different doses of MA (30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg). A GE postprocessing workstation (adw 4.5) was used to analyze the changes of each parameter (f value, D value, and D* value) in the IVIM data of each group. STATISTICAL TESTS All the data were analyzed by one-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS The escape latency of the LPS group was significantly longer than the sham group (P = 0.05, 0.001, 0.006, and 0.042, respectively), and the high-dose group was significantly shorter than the LPS group on the sixth day (P = 0.034). Compared with the control group, the D values and f values of cerebral cortex and hippocampus were decreased significantly in the LPS group (P = 0.043 and 0.003; P = 0.029 and 0.016, respectively). With the increasing dose of MA, the D and f values of hippocampus and cortex increased, and there was a significant difference between the high-dose MA group and LPS group (D values: P = 0.038, 0.036; f values: P = 0.048, 0.039, respectively) DATA CONCLUSION: MA can improve the cognitive impairment induced by LPS by reducing neuroinflammation, and the changes of microcirculation and microperfusion in the brain tissue of these rats can be detected by IVIM imaging. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy Stage: 4 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1836-1843.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Liang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangming Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueqin Guan
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sisi Liu
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liguang Fang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianfu Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Arout CA, Waters AJ, MacLean RR, Compton P, Sofuoglu M. Minocycline does not affect experimental pain or addiction-related outcomes in opioid maintained patients. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2857-2866. [PMID: 30564869 PMCID: PMC6581631 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Minocycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, inhibits activation of microglia. In preclinical studies, minocycline prevented development of opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). The goal of this study was to determine if minocycline changes pain threshold and tolerance in individuals with opioid use disorder who are maintained on agonist treatment. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized human laboratory study, 20 participants were randomized to either minocycline (200 mg/day) or placebo treatment for 15 days. The study had three test sessions (days 1, 8, and 15 of treatment) and one follow-up visit 1 week after the end of treatment. In each test session, participants were assessed on several subjective and cognitive measures, followed by assessment of pain sensitivity using the Cold Pressor Test (CPT). Daily surveys and cognitive measures using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) were also collected four times a day on days 8 through 14 of treatment, and proinflammatory serum cytokines were assessed before and on the last day of treatment. RESULTS Minocycline treatment did not change pain threshold or tolerance on the CPT. Similarly, minocycline did not change severity of pain, opioid craving, withdrawal, or serum cytokines. Minocycline treatment increased accuracy on a Go/No-Go task. CONCLUSIONS While these findings do not support minocycline's effects on OIH, minocycline may have a potential use as a cognitive enhancer for individuals with opioid use disorder, a finding that warrants further systematic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Arout
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 120, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Andrew J Waters
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Ross MacLean
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Health Administration Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peggy Compton
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mehmet Sofuoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Health Administration Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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Hou Y, Zhang Y, Mi Y, Wang J, Zhang H, Xu J, Yang Y, Liu J, Ding L, Yang J, Chen G, Wu C. A Novel Quinolyl‐Substituted Analogue of Resveratrol Inhibits LPS‐Induced Inflammatory Responses in Microglial Cells by Blocking the NF‐κB/MAPK Signaling Pathways. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801380. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hou
- College of Life and Health SciencesNortheastern University Shenyang 110169 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart IndustryNortheastern University, Ministry of Education Shenyang 110169 P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of PharmacologyShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Yan Mi
- College of Life and Health SciencesNortheastern University Shenyang 110169 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart IndustryNortheastern University, Ministry of Education Shenyang 110169 P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of EducationShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Department of PharmacologyShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Jikai Xu
- College of Life and Health SciencesNortheastern University Shenyang 110169 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart IndustryNortheastern University, Ministry of Education Shenyang 110169 P. R. China
| | - Yanqiu Yang
- College of Life and Health SciencesNortheastern University Shenyang 110169 P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- College of Life and Health SciencesNortheastern University Shenyang 110169 P. R. China
| | - Lingling Ding
- Department of PharmacologyShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of PharmacologyShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of EducationShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of PharmacologyShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
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Nijs J, Leysen L, Vanlauwe J, Logghe T, Ickmans K, Polli A, Malfliet A, Coppieters I, Huysmans E. Treatment of central sensitization in patients with chronic pain: time for change? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:1961-1970. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1647166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jo Nijs
- Pain in Motion International Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Chronic pain rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Leysen
- Pain in Motion International Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan Vanlauwe
- Department of Public Health (GEWE), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tine Logghe
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kelly Ickmans
- Pain in Motion International Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Chronic pain rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, AZ Sint Dimpna hospital, Geel, Belgium
| | - Andrea Polli
- Pain in Motion International Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, AZ Sint Dimpna hospital, Geel, Belgium
| | - Anneleen Malfliet
- Pain in Motion International Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Chronic pain rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, AZ Sint Dimpna hospital, Geel, Belgium
- Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Iris Coppieters
- Pain in Motion International Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Chronic pain rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva Huysmans
- Pain in Motion International Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Chronic pain rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, AZ Sint Dimpna hospital, Geel, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Mao XF, Wu HY, Tang XQ, Ali U, Liu H, Wang YX. Activation of GPR40 produces mechanical antiallodynia via the spinal glial interleukin-10/β-endorphin pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:84. [PMID: 30981281 PMCID: PMC6461825 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), broadly expressed in various tissues such as the spinal cord, exerts multiple physiological functions including pain regulation. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying GPR40 activation-induced antinociception in neuropathic pain, particularly related to the spinal glial expression of IL-10 and subsequent β-endorphin. Methods Spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain model was used in this study. β-Endorphin and IL-10 levels were measured in the spinal cord and cultured primary microglia, astrocytes, and neurons. Double immunofluorescence staining of β-endorphin with glial and neuronal cellular biomarkers was also detected in the spinal cord and cultured primary microglia, astrocytes, and neurons. Results GPR40 was expressed on microglia, astrocytes, and neurons in the spinal cords and upregulated by spinal nerve ligation. Intrathecal injection of the GPR40 agonist GW9508 dose-dependently attenuated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in neuropathic rats, with Emax values of 80% and 100% MPE and ED50 values of 6.7 and 5.4 μg, respectively. Its mechanical antiallodynia was blocked by the selective GPR40 antagonist GW1100 but not GPR120 antagonist AH7614. Intrathecal GW9508 significantly enhanced IL-10 and β-endorphin immunostaining in spinal microglia and astrocytes but not in neurons. GW9508 also markedly stimulated gene and protein expression of IL-10 and β-endorphin in cultured primary spinal microglia and astrocytes but not in neurons, originated from 1-day-old neonatal rats. The IL-10 antibody inhibited GW9508-stimulated gene expression of the β-endorphin precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC) but not IL-10, whereas the β-endorphin antibody did not affect GW9508-stimulated IL-10 or POMC gene expression. GW9508 increased phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and its stimulatory effects on IL-10 and POMC expression were blocked by each MAPK isoform inhibitor. Spinal GW9508-induced mechanical antiallodynia was completely blocked by intrathecal minocycline, IL-10 neutralizing antibody, β-endorphin antiserum, and μ-opioid receptor-preferred antagonist naloxone. Conclusions Our results illustrate that GPR40 activation produces antinociception via the spinal glial IL-10/β-endorphin antinociceptive pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-019-1457-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Mao
- King's Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hai-Yun Wu
- King's Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xue-Qi Tang
- King's Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Usman Ali
- King's Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hao Liu
- King's Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Wang
- King's Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Zhao J, Bi W, Xiao S, Lan X, Cheng X, Zhang J, Lu D, Wei W, Wang Y, Li H, Fu Y, Zhu L. Neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide causes cognitive impairment in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5790. [PMID: 30962497 PMCID: PMC6453933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42286-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation in C57BL/6J mice by using behavioral tests, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot. We found that LPS treatment leads to sickness behavior and cognitive impairment in mice as shown in the Morris water maze and passive avoidance test, and these effects were accompanied by microglia activation (labeled by ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1, IBA-1) and neuronal cell loss (labeled by microtubule-associated protein 2, MAP-2) in the hippocampus. The levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the serum and brain homogenates were reduced by the LPS treatment, while the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) were increased. In addition, LPS promoted the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the brain homogenates. The Western blot analysis showed that the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway was activated in the LPS groups. Furthermore, VIPER, which is a TLR-4-specific inhibitory peptide, prevented the LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. These data suggest that LPS induced cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation via microglia activation by activating the NF-kB signaling pathway; furthermore, we compared the time points, doses, methods and outcomes of LPS administration between intraperitoneal and intracerebroventricular injections of LPS in LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment, and these data may provide additional insight for researchers performing neuroinflammation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Bi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Lan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daxiang Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongmei Fu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihong Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Cankaya S, Cankaya B, Kilic U, Kilic E, Yulug B. The therapeutic role of minocycline in Parkinson's disease. Drugs Context 2019; 8:212553. [PMID: 30873213 PMCID: PMC6408180 DOI: 10.7573/dic.212553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Minocycline, a semisynthetic tetracycline-derived antibiotic, has been shown to exert anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Furthermore, there is rapidly growing evidence suggesting that minocycline may have some neuroprotective activity in various experimental models such as cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis. In this perspective review, we summarize the preclinical and clinical findings suggesting the neuroprotective role of minocycline in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyda Cankaya
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey
| | - Baris Cankaya
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ulkan Kilic
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burak Yulug
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey
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Gelsemine and koumine, principal active ingredients of Gelsemium, exhibit mechanical antiallodynia via spinal glycine receptor activation-induced allopregnanolone biosynthesis. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 161:136-148. [PMID: 30668937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gelsemine, the principal active alkaloid from Gelsemium sempervirens Ait., and koumine, the most dominant alkaloids from Gelsemium elegans Benth., produced antinociception in a variety of rodent models of painful hypersensitivity. The present study explored the molecular mechanisms underlying gelsemine- and koumine-induced mechanical antiallodynia in neuropathic pain. The radioligand binding and displacement assays indicated that gelsemine and koumine, like glycine, were reversible and orthosteric agonists of glycine receptors with full efficacy and probably acted on same binding site as the glycine receptor antagonist strychnine. Treatment with gelsemine, koumine and glycine in primary cultures of spinal neurons (but not microglia or astrocytes) concentration dependently increased 3α-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (3α-HSOR) mRNA expression, which was inhibited by pretreatment with strychnine but not the glial inhibitor minocycline. Intrathecal injection of gelsemine, koumine and glycine stimulated 3α-HSOR mRNA expression in the spinal cords of neuropathic rats and produced mechanical antiallodynia. Their spinal mechanical antiallodynia was completely blocked by strychnine, the selective 3α-HSOR inhibitor medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), 3α-HSOR gene silencer siRNA/3α-HSOR and specific GABAA receptor antagonist isoallopregnanolone, but not minocycline. All the results taken together uncovered that gelsemine and koumine are orthosteric agonists of glycine receptors, and produce mechanical antiallodynia through neuronal glycine receptor/3α-HSOR/allopregnanolone/GABAA receptor pathway.
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Cope EC, Opendak M, LaMarca EA, Murthy S, Park CY, Olson LB, Martinez S, Leung JM, Graham AL, Gould E. The effects of living in an outdoor enclosure on hippocampal plasticity and anxiety-like behavior in response to nematode infection. Hippocampus 2018; 29:366-377. [PMID: 30252982 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus of rodents undergoes structural remodeling throughout adulthood, including the addition of new neurons. Adult neurogenesis is sensitive to environmental enrichment and stress. Microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, are involved in adult neurogenesis by engulfing dying new neurons. While previous studies using laboratory environmental enrichment have investigated alterations in brain structure and function, they do not provide an adequate reflection of living in the wild, in which stress and environmental instability are common. Here, we compared mice living in standard laboratory settings to mice living in outdoor enclosures to assess the complex interactions among environment, gut infection, and hippocampal plasticity. We infected mice with parasitic worms and studied their effects on adult neurogenesis, microglia, and functions associated with the hippocampus, including cognition and anxiety regulation. We found an increase in immature neuron numbers of mice living in outdoor enclosures regardless of infection. While outdoor living prevented increases in microglial reactivity induced by infection in both the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, outdoor mice with infection had fewer microglia and microglial processes in the ventral hippocampus. We observed no differences in cognitive performance on the hippocampus-dependent object location task between infected and uninfected mice living in either setting. However, we found that infection caused an increase in anxiety-like behavior in the open field test but only in outdoor mice. These findings suggest that living conditions, as well as gut infection, interact to produce complex effects on brain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise C Cope
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Maya Opendak
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Elizabeth A LaMarca
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Sahana Murthy
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Christin Y Park
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Lyra B Olson
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Susana Martinez
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Jacqueline M Leung
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Andrea L Graham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Elizabeth Gould
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
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Tang Y, Su G, Li N, Li W, Chen G, Chen R, Zhou D, Hou Y. Preventive agents for neurodegenerative diseases from resin of Dracaena cochinchinensis attenuate LPS-induced microglia over-activation. J Nat Med 2018; 73:318-330. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-018-1266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kitamura Y, Hongo S, Yamashita Y, Yagi S, Otsuki K, Miki A, Okada A, Ushio S, Esumi S, Sendo T. Influence of lipopolysaccharide on diazepam-modified loss of righting reflex duration by pentobarbital treatment in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 842:231-238. [PMID: 30391741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Benzodiazepine receptor agonists are widely prescribed therapeutic agents, alter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor function, and have hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and antispastic effects. GABAA receptor activity increases under systemic inflammatory conditions. We investigated the effect of benzodiazepine receptor agonists on pentobarbital-induced loss of righting reflex (LORR) duration using a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. We assessed pentobarbital-induced LORR duration 24 h after LPS treatment in mice. Additionally, we examined the microglial response by immunohistochemistry and serum IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations in mice. LPS treatment significantly increased the duration of pentobarbital-induced LORR in mice treated with benzodiazepine receptor agonists (diazepam and brotizolam) and a GABAA receptor agonist (muscimol) compared to that of mice treated with vehicle. These effects were blocked by bicuculline, a GABAA receptor antagonist. LPS significantly increased the number of ionized calcium binding adapter molecule-1-positive hippocampal cells 2 and 24 h after treatment. The enhancing effect of diazepam in LPS-treated mice was significantly reduced by minocycline. These findings suggest that LPS enhances pentobarbital-induced LORR duration in mice treated with benzodiazepine via GABAA receptor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Kitamura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Shiho Hongo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shinpei Yagi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kanami Otsuki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Akihisa Miki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ayumi Okada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ushio
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Satoru Esumi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Sendo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Verma DK, Singh DK, Gupta S, Gupta P, Singh A, Biswas J, Singh S. Minocycline diminishes the rotenone induced neurotoxicity and glial activation via suppression of apoptosis, nitrite levels and oxidative stress. Neurotoxicology 2018; 65:9-21. [PMID: 29360531 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of minocycline against pesticide rotenone induced adverse effects in different rat brain regions. Assessment of oxidative stress, nitrite levels, degenerating neurons and level of cleaved caspase-3 was done in frontal cortex, mid brain, hippocampus and striatum regions of rat brain. In addition the expression profile of neuronal (MAP2), astrocytes (GFAP) and microglia (cd11b) markers was done after treatments. Rotenone induced DNA fragmentation was also assessed in all studied rat brain regions by utilizing comet assay. Rotenone administration caused significantly decreased level of glutathione along with increased level of nitrite and lipid peroxidation. Significant oxidative and nitrosative stress was also observed after rotenone administration which was considerably inhibited in minocycline treated rats in time dependent manner. Fluorojade staining and levels of cleaved caspase 3 showed the degeneration of neurons and apoptosis respectively in studied rat brain regions which were further inhibited with minocycline treatment. Rotenone administration caused significantly increased reactivity of astrocytes, microglia and altered neuronal morphology in rat brain regions which was also partially restored with minocycline treatment. In conclusion, present study showed that minocycline treatment attenuated the rotenone induced oxidative stress, nitrite level, degeneration of neurons, augmented glial reactivity and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Verma
- Experimental Medicine and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, UP, India
| | - Dhirendra Kumar Singh
- Experimental Medicine and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, UP, India
| | - Sonam Gupta
- Experimental Medicine and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, UP, India
| | - Parul Gupta
- Experimental Medicine and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, UP, India
| | - Abhishek Singh
- Experimental Medicine and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, UP, India
| | - Joyshree Biswas
- Experimental Medicine and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, UP, India
| | - Sarika Singh
- Experimental Medicine and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, UP, India.
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Liu X, Quan N. Microglia and CNS Interleukin-1: Beyond Immunological Concepts. Front Neurol 2018; 9:8. [PMID: 29410649 PMCID: PMC5787061 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of microglia and expression of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the CNS have become almost synonymous with neuroinflammation. In numerous studies, increased CNS IL-1 expression and altered microglial morphology have been used as hallmarks of CNS inflammation. A central concept of how CNS IL-1 and microglia influence functions of the nervous system was derived from the notion initially generated in the peripheral immune system: IL-1 stimulates monocyte/macrophage (the peripheral counterparts of microglia) to amplify inflammation. It is increasingly clear, however, CNS IL-1 acts on other targets in the CNS and microglia participates in many neural functions that are not related to immunological activities. Further, CNS exhibits immunological privilege (although not as absolute as previously thought), rendering amplification of inflammation within CNS under stringent control. This review will analyze current literature to evaluate the contribution of immunological and non-immunological aspects of microglia/IL-1 interaction in the CNS to gain insights for how these aspects might affect health and disease in the nervous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ning Quan
- College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Satomoto M, Sun Z, Adachi YU, Kinoshita H, Makita K. Sevoflurane preconditioning ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Exp Anim 2017; 67:193-200. [PMID: 29187700 PMCID: PMC5955751 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.17-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation induces brain neuronal inflammation, in turn causing acute
cognitive disorders. Furthermore, neuronal inflammation is one cause of postoperative
cognitive disorder (POCD) and delirium. However, no sufficiently established
pharmacological treatment is available for neurocognitive inflammation. This study
evaluated the possible neuroprotective effects of preconditioning with sevoflurane
anesthesia on cognition and neuroinflammatory changes in an animal model of
lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation. Adult mice were randomly divided
into (1) control, (2) 2% sevoflurane preconditioning for 1 h, (3) intraperitoneal 5 mg/kg
LPS injection, and (4) 2% sevoflurane preconditioning for 1 h + LPS injection groups. At
24 h after 5 mg/kg LPS injection, microglial activation based on ionized calcium-binding
adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) expression in the hippocampus was determined using
immunostaining and immunoblotting. IL-1β and IL-6 immunoblotting were used as inflammation
markers, and β-site of amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) immunoblotting
was performed to evaluate amyloid β-protein (Aβ) accumulation. Long-term cognitive
impairment was evaluated using fear conditioning tests. Intraperitoneal LPS increased
levels of Iba-1 (150%), inflammation markers (160%), and Aβ accumulation (350%), and
sevoflurane preconditioning suppressed these increases. Systemic LPS caused learning
deficits. Sevoflurane also maintained long-term memory in mice receiving LPS injection.
Sevoflurane preconditioning prevented long-term memory impairment in the mouse model
administered systemic LPS by decreasing excessive microglial activation, inflammation, and
Aβ accumulation. This study supports the hypothesis that sevoflurane preconditioning might
also be beneficial for neuronal inflammation. Sevoflurane might be beneficial for reducing
delirium and POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Satomoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.,Present address: Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Zhongliang Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yushi U Adachi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kinoshita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazako Karimata, Nagakute-shi, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Koshi Makita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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Wadhwa M, Prabhakar A, Ray K, Roy K, Kumari P, Jha PK, Kishore K, Kumar S, Panjwani U. Inhibiting the microglia activation improves the spatial memory and adult neurogenesis in rat hippocampus during 48 h of sleep deprivation. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:222. [PMID: 29141671 PMCID: PMC5688670 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep deprivation (SD) leads to cognitive impairment. Neuroinflammation could be a significant contributing factor in the same. An increase in regional brain pro-inflammatory cytokines induces cognitive deficits, however, the magnitude of the effect under SD is not apparent. It is plausible that microglia activation could be involved in the SD-induced cognitive impairment by modulation of neuronal cell proliferation, differentiation, and brain-derived neuronal factor (BDNF) level. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible beneficial effect of minocycline in amelioration of spatial memory decline during SD by its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions. We scrutinized the effect of minocycline on the inflammatory cytokine levels associated with glial cells (microglia and astrocytes) activity and neurogenesis markers crucial for behavioral functions during SD. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 230–250 g were sleep deprived for 48 h using automated cage shaking apparatus. The spatial memory was tested using MWM apparatus immediately after completion of SD with and without minocycline. The animals were euthanized, blood was collected, and brain was extracted for neuroinflammation and neurogenesis studies. The set of experiments were also conducted with use of temozolomide, a neurogenesis blocker. Results Minocycline treatment increased the body weight, food intake, and spatial memory performance which declined during SD. It reduced the pro-inflammatory and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in hippocampus and plasma and inhibited the reactive gliosis in the hippocampus evidenced by improved cell count, morphology, and immunoreactivity. Additionally, minocycline administration promoted neurogenesis at different stages: proliferation (BrdU, Ki-67), differentiation (DCX) cells and growth factor (BDNF). However, no significant change was observed in maturation (NeuN) during SD. In addition, molecules related to behavior, inflammation, and neurogenesis were shown to be more affected after temozolomide administration during SD, and changes were restored with minocycline treatment. We observed a significant correlation of neurogenesis with microglial activation, cytokine levels, and spatial memory during SD. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that the SD-induced decline in spatial memory, neuronal cells proliferation, differentiation, and BDNF level could be attributed to upregulation of neuroinflammatory molecules, and minocycline may be an effective intervention to counteract these changes. Graphical abstract Microglial activation is involved in SD-induced changes in inflammatory molecules, neurogenesis, and spatial memory.![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-017-0998-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meetu Wadhwa
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Amit Prabhakar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Koushik Ray
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Koustav Roy
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Punita Kumari
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Prabhash Kumar Jha
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Krishna Kishore
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Usha Panjwani
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India. .,Neurophysiology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, -110 054, India.
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Nijs J, Loggia ML, Polli A, Moens M, Huysmans E, Goudman L, Meeus M, Vanderweeën L, Ickmans K, Clauw D. Sleep disturbances and severe stress as glial activators: key targets for treating central sensitization in chronic pain patients? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:817-826. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1353603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jo Nijs
- Department of physiotherapy, human physiology and anatomy, Pain in Motion International Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marco L. Loggia
- MGH/HST A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Polli
- Department of physiotherapy, human physiology and anatomy, Pain in Motion International Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maarten Moens
- Department of Neurosurgery and Radiology, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Manual Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva Huysmans
- Department of physiotherapy, human physiology and anatomy, Pain in Motion International Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lisa Goudman
- Department of physiotherapy, human physiology and anatomy, Pain in Motion International Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurosurgery and Radiology, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mira Meeus
- Department of physiotherapy, human physiology and anatomy, Pain in Motion International Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Vanderweeën
- Department of physiotherapy, human physiology and anatomy, Pain in Motion International Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Private Practice for Spinal Manual Therapy, Schepdaal-Dilbeek, Belgium
| | - Kelly Ickmans
- Department of physiotherapy, human physiology and anatomy, Pain in Motion International Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel Clauw
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Dani M, Brooks D, Edison P. Suspected non-Alzheimer's pathology - Is it non-Alzheimer's or non-amyloid? Ageing Res Rev 2017; 36:20-31. [PMID: 28235659 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration, the progressive loss of neurons, is a major process involved in dementia and age-related cognitive impairment. It can be detected clinically using currently available biomarker tests. Suspected Non-Alzheimer Pathology (SNAP) is a biomarker-based concept that encompasses a group of individuals with neurodegeneration, but no evidence of amyloid deposition (thereby distinguishing it from Alzheimer's disease (AD)). These individuals may often have a clinical diagnosis of AD, but their clinical features, genetic susceptibility and progression can differ significantly, carrying crucial implications for precise diagnostics, clinical management, and efficacy of clinical drug trials. SNAP has caused wide interest in the dementia research community, because it is still unclear whether it represents distinct pathology separate from AD, or whether in some individuals, it could represent the earliest stage of AD. This debate has raised pertinent questions about the pathways to AD, the need for biomarkers, and the sensitivity of current biomarker tests. In this review, we discuss the biomarker and imaging trials that first recognized SNAP. We describe the pathological correlates of SNAP and comment on the different causes of neurodegeneration. Finally, we discuss the debate around the concept of SNAP, and further unanswered questions that are emerging.
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余 军, 赵 维, 杜 春, 张 娜, 张 卫, 晋 圣, 汪 海, 冯 泽. [Choline improves lipopolysaccharide-induced central nervous system inflammatory response and cognitive dysfunction in mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:600-606. [PMID: 28539281 PMCID: PMC6780474 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.05.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of choline in ameliorating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced central nervous system inflammation and cognitive deficits in mice and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS Seventy-two mice were randomized into saline control group, LPS group, choline intervention group and choline control group. In the latter two groups, the mice received pretreatment with intraperitoneal injections of choline (40 mg/kg, 3 times daily for 3 consecutive days) prior to microinjection of LPS into the lateral cerebral ventricle to induce central nervous system inflammation; in saline and LPS groups, the mice were pretreated with saline in the same manner before intraventicular injection of artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Choline treatment was administered in the mice till the end of the experiment. The locomotor activity and spatial learning and memory capacity of the mice were examined. The expressions of Iba1 protein and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-β) I the hippocampal dentate gyrus, and the expressions of α 7nAchR, p38 MAPK and phosphorylated p38 MAPK in the hippocampus of the mice were detected. RESULTS Water maze test showed that compared with the saline control group, the mice in LPS group exhibited significantly reduced platform crossings (P<0.05), which was significantly increased by choline pretreatment (P<0.05). The mice pretreated with LPS expressed obviously increased levels of IBA-1 protein, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the hippocampus (P<0.01), and choline pretreatment significantly lowered the expressions of IBA-1 protein and IL-1β (P<0.05). The phosphorylation level of p38 MAPK increased significantly after LPS pretreatment (P<0.05), and was reduced by choline pretreatment (P<0.05); α 7nAchR expression increased significantly in choline intervention group as compared with that in the other 3 groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Choline can probably antagonize LPS-induced hippocampal p38 MAPK phosphorylation in mice via the α 7nAchR signaling pathway to protective against LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- 军 余
- 解放军总医院麻醉手术中心,北京 100853Department of Anesthesiology and Operation Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - 维星 赵
- 解放军总医院麻醉手术中心,北京 100853Department of Anesthesiology and Operation Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - 春彦 杜
- 解放军总医院麻醉手术中心,北京 100853Department of Anesthesiology and Operation Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - 娜 张
- 解放军总医院麻醉手术中心,北京 100853Department of Anesthesiology and Operation Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - 卫东 张
- 解放军总医院麻醉手术中心,北京 100853Department of Anesthesiology and Operation Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - 圣阳 晋
- 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院,北京 100730Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - 海 汪
- 军事医学科学院卫生学环境医学研究所心血管药物研究中心,北京 100850Cardiovascular Drug Research Center, Institute of Hea1th and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - 泽国 冯
- 解放军总医院麻醉手术中心,北京 100853Department of Anesthesiology and Operation Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China
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Soczynska JK, Kennedy SH, Alsuwaidan M, Mansur RB, Li M, McAndrews MP, Brietzke E, Woldeyohannes HO, Taylor VH, McIntyre RS. A pilot, open-label, 8-week study evaluating the efficacy, safety and tolerability of adjunctive minocycline for the treatment of bipolar I/II depression. Bipolar Disord 2017; 19:198-213. [PMID: 28599348 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were to determine if adjunctive minocycline mitigates depressive symptom severity and improves cognitive function in individuals with bipolar I/II disorder (BD). The study also aimed to determine if changes in depressive and/or cognitive symptoms over the course of treatment were associated with changes in circulating inflammatory cytokine levels. METHODS A total of 29 (intention-to-treat: n=27) adults meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for a major depressive episode as part of bipolar I or II disorder (i.e. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17-item [HAMD-17] ≥20) were enrolled in an 8-week, open-label study with adjunctive minocycline (100 mg bid). The primary outcome measure was the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). The HAMD-17, Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S), cognitive test composite scores and plasma cytokines were secondary outcome measures. Plasma cytokines were measured with the 30 V-Plex Immunoassay from Meso Scale Discovery. RESULTS Adjunctive minocycline was associated with a reduction in depressive symptom severity from baseline to week 8 on the MADRS (P<.001, d=0.835), HAMD-17 (P<.001, d=0.949) and CGI-S (P<.001, d=1.09). Improvement in psychomotor speed, but not verbal memory or executive function, was observed only amongst individuals exhibiting a reduction in depression severity (P=.007, d=0.826). Levels of interleukin (IL)-12/23p40 (P=.002) were increased, while levels of IL-12p70 (P=.001) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 26 (CCL26) (P<.001) were reduced from baseline to week 8. A reduction in CCL26 levels was associated with a less favourable treatment response (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Results from the pilot study suggest that adjunctive minocycline may exert antidepressant effects in individuals with bipolar depression, possibly by targeting inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Soczynska
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad Alsuwaidan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Madeline Li
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Psychosocial Oncology Clinic, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Pat McAndrews
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Neuropsychology Clinic, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Research Group in Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hanna O Woldeyohannes
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Valerie H Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Wu H, Wang X, Gao J, Liang S, Hao Y, Sun C, Xia W, Cao Y, Wu L. Fingolimod (FTY720) attenuates social deficits, learning and memory impairments, neuronal loss and neuroinflammation in the rat model of autism. Life Sci 2017; 173:43-54. [PMID: 28161158 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of FTY720 on the valproic acid (VPA) rat model of autism. MAIN METHODS As an animal model of autism, we used intraperitoneal injection of VPA on embryonic day 12.5 in Wistar rats. The pups were given FTY720 orally at doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1mg/kg daily from postnatal day 15 to 35. Social behavior, spatial learning and memory were assessed at the end of FTY720 treatment. The histological change, oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory responses, and apoptosis-related proteins in the hippocampus were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS FTY720 (1mg/kg) administration to VPA-exposed rats (1) improved social behavior, spatial learning and memory impairment; (2) resulted in a reduction in neuronal loss and apoptosis of pyramidal cells in hippocampal CA1 regions; (3) inhibited activation of microglial cells, in turn lowering the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 in the hippocampus; (4) changed Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, Glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the hippocampus; (6) inhibited the elevated Bax and caspase-3 protein levels and enhanced the relative expression level of Bcl-2 in the hippocampus; and (7) increased phospho-Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (p-CaMKII), phospho-cAMP-response element binding protein (p-CREB) and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) protein expression in the hippocampus. SIGNIFICANCE FTY720 rescues social deficit, spatial learning and memory impairment in VPA-exposed rats. FTY720 exerts both a direct protection for neurons and an indirect modulation of inflammation-mediated neuron loss as a possible mechanism of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Wu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Xuelai Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Jingquan Gao
- Department of Nursing, Harbin Medical University in Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Yanqiu Hao
- Department of pediatrics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Caihong Sun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Yonggang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University in Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China.
| | - Lijie Wu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
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The effects of captopril on lipopolysaccharide induced learning and memory impairments and the brain cytokine levels and oxidative damage in rats. Life Sci 2016; 167:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Möller T, Bard F, Bhattacharya A, Biber K, Campbell B, Dale E, Eder C, Gan L, Garden GA, Hughes ZA, Pearse DD, Staal RGW, Sayed FA, Wes PD, Boddeke HWGM. Critical data-based re-evaluation of minocycline as a putative specific microglia inhibitor. Glia 2016; 64:1788-94. [PMID: 27246804 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Minocycline, a second generation broad-spectrum antibiotic, has been frequently postulated to be a "microglia inhibitor." A considerable number of publications have used minocycline as a tool and concluded, after achieving a pharmacological effect, that the effect must be due to "inhibition" of microglia. It is, however, unclear how this "inhibition" is achieved at the molecular and cellular levels. Here, we weigh the evidence whether minocycline is indeed a bona fide microglia inhibitor and discuss how data generated with minocycline should be interpreted. GLIA 2016;64:1788-1794.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Möller
- Neuroinflammation Disease Biology Unit, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Anindya Bhattacharya
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC., Neuroscience Drug Discovery, San Diego, California
| | - Knut Biber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brian Campbell
- Neuroinflammation Disease Biology Unit, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey
| | - Elena Dale
- Neuroinflammation Disease Biology Unit, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey
| | - Claudia Eder
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's - University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Li Gan
- Gladstone Institute for Neurodegeneration, San Francisco, California
| | - Gwenn A Garden
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Zoë A Hughes
- Neuroscience & Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Damien D Pearse
- Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Roland G W Staal
- Neuroinflammation Disease Biology Unit, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey
| | - Faten A Sayed
- Gladstone Institute for Neurodegeneration, San Francisco, California.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Paul D Wes
- Neuroinflammation Disease Biology Unit, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey
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