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Zhang S, Chou L, Zhu W, Luo W, Zhang C, Qiu J, Li M, Tan H, Guo J, Wang C, Tu K, Xu K, Yu H, Zhang X, Shi W, Zhou Q. Identify organic contaminants of high-concern based on non-targeted toxicity testing and non-targeted LC-HRMS analysis in tap water and source water along the Yangtze River. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121303. [PMID: 38382288 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Many organic pollutants were detected in tap water (TW) and source water (SW) along the Yangtze River. However, the potential toxic effects and the high-concern organics (HCOs) which drive the effect are still unknown. Here, a non-targeted toxicity testing method based on the concentration-dependent transcriptome and non-targeted LC-HRMS analysis combining tiered filtering were used to reveal the overall biological effects and chemical information. Subsequently, we developed a qualitative pathway-structure relationship (QPSR) model to effectively match the biological and chemical information and successfully identified HCOs in TW and SW along the Yangtze River by potential substructures of HCOs. Non-targeted toxicity testing found that the biological potency of both TW and SW was stronger in the downstream of the Yangtze River, and disruption of the endocrine system and cancer were the main drivers of the effect. In addition, non-targeted LC-HRMS analysis combined with retention time prediction results identified 3220 and 631 high-confidence compound structures in positive and negative ion modes, respectively. Then, QPSR model was further implied and identified a total of 103 HCOs, containing 35 industrial chemicals, 30 PPCPs, 26 pesticides, and 12 hormones in TW and SW, respectively. Among them, the neuroactive and hormonal compounds oxoamide, 8-iso-16-cyclohexyl-tetranor prostaglandin E2, E Keppra, and Tocris-0788 showed the highest frequency of detection, which were identified in more than 1/3 of the samples. The strategy of combining non-targeted toxicity testing and non-targeted LC-HRMS analysis will support comprehensive biological effect assessment, identification of HCOs, and risk control of mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liben Chou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhu
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Macalester College, Saint Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Wenrui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingfan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Meishuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haoyue Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Keng Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kefan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Province Ecology and Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health Risk, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Arturi K, Hollender J. Machine Learning-Based Hazard-Driven Prioritization of Features in Nontarget Screening of Environmental High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:18067-18079. [PMID: 37279189 PMCID: PMC10666537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nontarget high-resolution mass spectrometry screening (NTS HRMS/MS) can detect thousands of organic substances in environmental samples. However, new strategies are needed to focus time-intensive identification efforts on features with the highest potential to cause adverse effects instead of the most abundant ones. To address this challenge, we developed MLinvitroTox, a machine learning framework that uses molecular fingerprints derived from fragmentation spectra (MS2) for a rapid classification of thousands of unidentified HRMS/MS features as toxic/nontoxic based on nearly 400 target-specific and over 100 cytotoxic endpoints from ToxCast/Tox21. Model development results demonstrated that using customized molecular fingerprints and models, over a quarter of toxic endpoints and the majority of the associated mechanistic targets could be accurately predicted with sensitivities exceeding 0.95. Notably, SIRIUS molecular fingerprints and xboost (Extreme Gradient Boosting) models with SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique) for handling data imbalance were a universally successful and robust modeling configuration. Validation of MLinvitroTox on MassBank spectra showed that toxicity could be predicted from molecular fingerprints derived from MS2 with an average balanced accuracy of 0.75. By applying MLinvitroTox to environmental HRMS/MS data, we confirmed the experimental results obtained with target analysis and narrowed the analytical focus from tens of thousands of detected signals to 783 features linked to potential toxicity, including 109 spectral matches and 30 compounds with confirmed toxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Arturi
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry, Swiss Federal
Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry, Swiss Federal
Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH Zurich), Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Ruan T, Li P, Wang H, Li T, Jiang G. Identification and Prioritization of Environmental Organic Pollutants: From an Analytical and Toxicological Perspective. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10584-10640. [PMID: 37531601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental organic pollutants has triggered significant ecological impacts and adverse health outcomes, which have been received substantial and increasing attention. The contribution of unidentified chemical components is considered as the most significant knowledge gap in understanding the combined effects of pollutant mixtures. To address this issue, remarkable analytical breakthroughs have recently been made. In this review, the basic principles on recognition of environmental organic pollutants are overviewed. Complementary analytical methodologies (i.e., quantitative structure-activity relationship prediction, mass spectrometric nontarget screening, and effect-directed analysis) and experimental platforms are briefly described. The stages of technique development and/or essential parts of the analytical workflow for each of the methodologies are then reviewed. Finally, plausible technique paths and applications of the future nontarget screening methods, interdisciplinary techniques for achieving toxicant identification, and burgeoning strategies on risk assessment of chemical cocktails are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Manz KE, Feerick A, Braun JM, Feng YL, Hall A, Koelmel J, Manzano C, Newton SR, Pennell KD, Place BJ, Godri Pollitt KJ, Prasse C, Young JA. Non-targeted analysis (NTA) and suspect screening analysis (SSA): a review of examining the chemical exposome. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:524-536. [PMID: 37380877 PMCID: PMC10403360 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Non-targeted analysis (NTA) and suspect screening analysis (SSA) are powerful techniques that rely on high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and computational tools to detect and identify unknown or suspected chemicals in the exposome. Fully understanding the chemical exposome requires characterization of both environmental media and human specimens. As such, we conducted a review to examine the use of different NTA and SSA methods in various exposure media and human samples, including the results and chemicals detected. The literature review was conducted by searching literature databases, such as PubMed and Web of Science, for keywords, such as "non-targeted analysis", "suspect screening analysis" and the exposure media. Sources of human exposure to environmental chemicals discussed in this review include water, air, soil/sediment, dust, and food and consumer products. The use of NTA for exposure discovery in human biospecimen is also reviewed. The chemical space that has been captured using NTA varies by media analyzed and analytical platform. In each media the chemicals that were frequently detected using NTA were: per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and pharmaceuticals in water, pesticides and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil and sediment, volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in air, flame retardants in dust, plasticizers in consumer products, and plasticizers, pesticides, and halogenated compounds in human samples. Some studies reviewed herein used both liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) HRMS to increase the detected chemical space (16%); however, the majority (51%) only used LC-HRMS and fewer used GC-HRMS (32%). Finally, we identify knowledge and technology gaps that must be overcome to fully assess potential chemical exposures using NTA. Understanding the chemical space is essential to identifying and prioritizing gaps in our understanding of exposure sources and prior exposures. IMPACT STATEMENT: This review examines the results and chemicals detected by analyzing exposure media and human samples using high-resolution mass spectrometry based non-targeted analysis (NTA) and suspect screening analysis (SSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Manz
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Anna Feerick
- Agricultural & Environmental Chemistry Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Yong-Lai Feng
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amber Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Jeremy Koelmel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Carlos Manzano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chile, Santiago, RM, Chile
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Seth R Newton
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kurt D Pennell
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Benjamin J Place
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Krystal J Godri Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Carsten Prasse
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Risk Sciences and Public Policy Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joshua A Young
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
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5
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Suspect Screening of Chemicals in Hospital Wastewaters Using Effect-Directed Analysis Approach as Prioritization Strategy. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031212. [PMID: 36770879 PMCID: PMC9921743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of contaminants in the environment has pushed water monitoring programs to find out the most hazardous known and unknown chemicals in the environment. Sample treatment-simplification methods and non-target screening approaches can help researchers to not overlook potential chemicals present in complex aqueous samples. In this work, an effect-directed analysis (EDA) protocol using the sea urchin embryo test (SET) as a toxicological in vivo bioassay was used as simplified strategy to identify potential unknown chemicals present in a very complex aqueous matrix such as hospital effluent. The SET bioassay was used for the first time here to evaluate potential toxic fractions in hospital effluent, which were obtained after a two-step fractionation using C18 and aminopropyl chromatographic semi-preparative columns. The unknown compounds present in the toxic fractions were identified by means of liquid chromatography coupled to a Q Exactive Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer (LC-HRMS) and using a suspect analysis approach. The results were complemented by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) in order to identify the widest range of chemical compounds present in the sample and the toxic fractions. Using EDA as sample treatment simplification method, the number of unknown chemicals (>446 features) detected in the raw sample was narrowed down to 94 potential toxic candidates identified in the significantly toxic fractions. Among them, the presence of 25 compounds was confirmed with available chemical standards including 14 pharmaceuticals, a personal care product, six pesticides and four industrial products. The observations found in this work emphasize the difficulties in identifying potential toxicity drivers in complex water samples, as in the case of hospital wastewater.
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Misaki K, Tue NM, Takamura-Enya T, Takigami H, Suzuki G, Tuyen LH, Takahashi S, Tanabe S. Antiandrogenic and Estrogenic Activity Evaluation of Oxygenated and Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Chemically Activated Luciferase Expression Assays. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:80. [PMID: 36612408 PMCID: PMC9819389 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To establish the risk of the endocrine disrupting activity of polycyclic aromatic compounds, especially oxygenated and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oxy-PAHs and nitro-PAHs, respectively), antiandrogenic and estrogenic activities were determined using chemically activated luciferase expression (CALUX) assays with human osteoblast sarcoma cells. A total of 27 compounds including 9 oxy-PAHs (polycyclic aromatic ketones and quinones) and 8 nitro-PAHs was studied. The oxy-PAHs of 7H-benz[de]anthracen-7-one (BAO), 11H-benzo[a]fluoren-11-one (B[a]FO), 11H-benzo[b]fluoren-11-one (B[b]FO), and phenanthrenequinone (PhQ) exhibited significantly the potent inhibition of AR activation. All nitro-PAHs exhibited high antiandrogenic activities (especially high for 3-nitrofluoranthene (3-NFA) and 3-nitro-7H-benz[de]anthracen-7-one (3-NBAO)), and the AR inhibition was confirmed as noncompetitive for 3-NFA, 3-NBAO, and 1,3-dinitropyrene (1,3-DNPy). Antiandrogenic activity of 3-NFA demonstrated characteristically a U-shaped dose-response curve; however, the absence of fluorescence effect on the activity was confirmed. The prominent estrogenic activity dependent on dose-response curve was confirmed for 2 oxy-PAHs (i.e., B[a]FO and B[b]FO). Elucidating the role of AR and ER on the effects of polycyclic aromatic compounds (e.g., oxy- and nitro-PAHs) to endocrine dysfunctions in mammals and aquatic organisms remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Misaki
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
- School of Nursing, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 11400, Vietnam
| | - Takeji Takamura-Enya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1030 Shimo-Ogino, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Takigami
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Le Huu Tuyen
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 11400, Vietnam
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Agricultural Faculty, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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Lazofsky A, Buckley B. Recent Trends in Multiclass Analysis of Emerging Endocrine Disrupting Contaminants (EDCs) in Drinking Water. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248835. [PMID: 36557967 PMCID: PMC9781274 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ingestion of water is a major route of human exposure to environmental contaminants. There have been numerous studies exploring the different compounds present in drinking water, with recent attention drawn to a new class of emerging contaminants: endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). EDCs encompass a broad range of physio-chemically diverse compounds; from naturally occurring to manmade. Environmentally, EDCs are found as mixtures containing multiple classes at trace amounts. Human exposure to EDCs, even at low concentrations, is known to lead to adverse health effects. Therefore, the ability to evaluate EDC contamination with a high degree of sensitivity and accuracy is of the utmost importance. This review includes (i) discussion on the perceived and actual risks associated with EDC exposure (ii) regulatory actions that look to limit EDC contamination (iii) analytical methods, including sample preparation, instrumentation and bioassays that have been advanced and employed for multiclass EDC identification and quantitation.
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Barrett H, Sun J, Gong Y, Yang P, Hao C, Verreault J, Zhang Y, Peng H. Triclosan is the Predominant Antibacterial Compound in Ontario Sewage Sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14923-14936. [PMID: 35594374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sewage treatment plants (STPs) accumulate both antibiotic and nonantibiotic antimicrobial compounds that can select for antibiotic resistant bacteria. Herein, we aimed to identify the predominant antibacterial compounds impacting E. coli from Ontario sewage sludge consisting of thousands of unknown compounds. Among the 10 extracted sludge samples, 6 extracts exerted significant growth inhibition effects in E. coli. A total of 103 compounds were tentatively detected across the 10 sludge samples by suspect screening, among which the bacterial enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) inhibitor triclocarban was detected at the highest abundance. A hypomorphic FabI knockdown E. coli strain was highly susceptible to the sludge extracts, confirming FabI inhibitors as the primary antibacterial compounds in the sludge. Protein affinity pulldown identified triclosan as the major ligand binding to a His-tagged FabI protein from the sludge, despite the higher abundance of triclocarban in the same samples. Effect-directed analysis was used to determine the contributions of triclosan to the observed antibacterial potencies. Antibacterial effects were only detected in F17 and F18 across 20 fractions, which was consistent with the elution of triclosan and triclocarban in the same two fractions. Further, potency mass balance analysis confirmed that triclosan explained the majority (58-113%) of inhibition effects from sludge extracts. This study highlighted triclosan as the predominant antibacterial compound in sewage sludge impacting E. coli despite the co-occurrence of numerous other antibiotics and nonantibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jianxian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yufeng Gong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Paul Yang
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP), Toronto, ON M7A 1N3, Canada
| | - Chunyan Hao
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP), Toronto, ON M7A 1N3, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
- School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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9
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Planar chromatography-bioassays for the parallel and sensitive detection of androgenicity, anti-androgenicity and cytotoxicity. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1684:463582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Dürig W, Alygizakis NA, Menger F, Golovko O, Wiberg K, Ahrens L. Novel prioritisation strategies for evaluation of temporal trends in archived white-tailed sea eagle muscle tissue in non-target screening. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127331. [PMID: 34879552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental monitoring studies based on target analysis capture only a small fraction of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and miss pollutants potentially harmful to wildlife. Environmental specimen banks, with their archived samples, provide opportunities to identify new CECs by temporal trend analysis and non-target screening. In this study, archived white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) muscle tissue was analysed by non-targeted high-resolution mass spectrometry. Univariate statistical tests (Mann-Kendall and Spearman rank) for temporal trend analysis were applied as prioritisation methods. A workflow for non-target data was developed and validated using an artificial time series spiked at five levels with gradient concentrations of selected CECs (n = 243). Pooled eagle muscle tissues collected 1965-2017 were then investigated with an eight-point time series using the validated screening workflow. Following peak detection, peak alignment, and blank subtraction, 14 409 features were considered for statistical analysis. Prioritisation by time-trend analysis detected 207 features with increasing trends. Following unequivocal molecular formula assignment to prioritised features and further elucidation with MetFrag and EU Massbank, 13 compounds were tentatively identified, of which four were of anthropogenic origin. These results show that it is possible to prioritise new CECs in archived biological samples using univariate statistical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Dürig
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Nikiforos A Alygizakis
- Environmental Institute, Okruzná 784/42, 97241 Koš, Slovak Republic; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Frank Menger
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Non-targeted screening methodology to characterise human internal chemical exposure: Application to halogenated compounds in human milk. Talanta 2021; 225:121979. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Target, suspect and non-target screening analysis from wastewater treatment plant effluents to drinking water using collision cross section values as additional identification criterion. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:425-438. [PMID: 33768366 PMCID: PMC8748347 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The anthropogenic entry of organic micropollutants into the aquatic environment leads to a potential risk for drinking water resources and the drinking water itself. Therefore, sensitive screening analysis methods are needed to monitor the raw and drinking water quality continuously. Non-target screening analysis has been shown to allow for a more comprehensive investigation of drinking water processes compared to target analysis alone. However, non-target screening is challenging due to the many features that can be detected. Thus, data processing techniques to reduce the high number of features are necessary, and prioritization techniques are important to find the features of interest for identification, as identification of unknown substances is challenging as well. In this study, a drinking water production process, where drinking water is supplied by a water reservoir, was investigated. Since the water reservoir provides surface water, which is anthropogenically influenced by wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, substances originating from WWTP effluents and reaching the drinking water were investigated, because this indicates that they cannot be removed by the drinking water production process. For this purpose, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an ion-mobility high-resolution mass spectrometer (UPLC-IM-HRMS) was used in a combined approach including target, suspect and non-target screening analysis to identify known and unknown substances. Additionally, the role of ion-mobility-derived collision cross sections (CCS) in identification is discussed. To that end, six samples (two WWTP effluent samples, a surface water sample that received the effluents, a raw water sample from a downstream water reservoir, a process sample and the drinking water) were analyzed. Positive findings for a total of 60 substances in at least one sample were obtained through quantitative screening. Sixty-five percent (15 out of 23) of the identified substances in the drinking water sample were pharmaceuticals and transformation products of pharmaceuticals. Using suspect screening, further 33 substances were tentatively identified in one or more samples, where for 19 of these substances, CCS values could be compared with CCS values from the literature, which supported the tentative identification. Eight substances were identified by reference standards. In the non-target screening, a total of ten features detected in all six samples were prioritized, whereby metoprolol acid/atenolol acid (a transformation product of the two β-blockers metoprolol and atenolol) and 1,3-benzothiazol-2-sulfonic acid (a transformation product of the vulcanization accelerator 2-mercaptobenzothiazole) were identified with reference standards. Overall, this study demonstrates the added value of a comprehensive water monitoring approach based on UPLC-IM-HRMS analysis.
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Abstract
The development of suspect or non-target screening methods to detect xenobiotics in biological fluids is essential to properly understand the exposome and assess its adverse health effects on humans. In order to fulfil that aim, the biomonitorization of human fluids is compulsory. However, these methods are not yet extensively developed, especially for polar organic xenobiotics in biofluids such as milk, as most works are only focused on certain analytes of interest. In this work, a multi-target analysis method to determine 245 diverse xenobiotics in milk by means of Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC)-qOrbitrap was developed. Under optimal conditions, liquid milk samples were extracted with acetonitrile in the presence of anhydrous Na2SO4 and NaCl, and the extracts were cleaned-up by protein precipitation at low temperature and Captiva Non-Drip (ND)—Lipids filters. The optimized method was validated at two concentration-levels (10 ng/g and 40 ng/g) obtaining satisfactory figures of merit for more than 200 compounds. The validated multi-target method was applied to several milk samples, including commercial and breast milk, provided by 4 healthy volunteers. Moreover, the method was extended to perform suspect analysis of more than 17,000 xenobiotics. All in all, several diverse xenobiotics were detected, highlighting food additives (benzothiazole) or phytoestrogens (genistein and genistin) in commercial milk samples, and stimulants (caffeine), plasticizers (phthalates), UV filters (benzophenone), or pharmaceuticals (orlistat) in breast milk samples.
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Vinggaard AM, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Jensen TK, Fernandez MF, Rosenmai AK, Taxvig C, Rodriguez-Carrillo A, Wielsøe M, Long M, Olea N, Antignac JP, Hamers T, Lamoree M. Receptor-based in vitro activities to assess human exposure to chemical mixtures and related health impacts. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106191. [PMID: 33068852 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to a large number of chemicals from sources such as the environment, food, and consumer products. There is growing concern that human exposure to chemical mixtures, especially during critical periods of development, increases the risk of adverse health effects in newborns or later in life. Historically, the one-chemical-at-a-time approach has been applied both for exposure assessment and hazard characterisation, leading to insufficient knowledge about human health effects caused by exposure to mixtures of chemicals that have the same target. To circumvent this challenge researchers can apply in vitro assays to analyse both exposure to and human health effects of chemical mixtures in biological samples. The advantages of using in vitro assays are: (i) that an integrated effect is measured, taking combined mixture effects into account and (ii) that in vitro assays can reduce complexity in identification of Chemicals of Emerging Concern (CECs) in human tissues. We have reviewed the state-of-the-art on the use of receptor-based in vitro assays to assess human exposure to chemical mixtures and related health impacts. A total of 43 studies were identified, in which endpoints for the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the estrogen receptor (ER), and the androgen receptor (AR) were used. The majority of studies reported biological activities that could be associated with breast cancer incidence, male reproductive health effects, developmental toxicities, human demographic characteristics or lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns. A few studies used the bioactivities to check the coverage of the chemical analyses of the human samples, whereas in vitro assays have so far not regularly been used for identifying CECs in human samples, but rather in environmental matrices or food packaging materials. A huge field of novel applications using receptor-based in vitro assays for mixture toxicity assessment on human samples and effect-directed analysis (EDA) using high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for identification of toxic compounds waits for exploration. In the future this could lead to a paradigm shift in the way we unravel adverse human health effects caused by chemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Vinggaard
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark; Greenland's Centre for Health Research, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Dep of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Mariana F Fernandez
- School of Medicine, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Anna Kjerstine Rosenmai
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Camilla Taxvig
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Maria Wielsøe
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Manhai Long
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Olea
- School of Medicine, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | | | - Timo Hamers
- Vrije Universiteit, Department Environment & Health, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marja Lamoree
- Vrije Universiteit, Department Environment & Health, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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15
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Houtman CJ, Ten Broek R, van Oorschot Y, Kloes D, van der Oost R, Rosielle M, Lamoree MH. High resolution effect-directed analysis of steroid hormone (ant)agonists in surface and wastewater quality monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103460. [PMID: 32738293 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of chemical water quality is extremely challenging due to the large variety of compounds and the presence of biologically active compounds with unknown chemical identity. Previously, we developed a high resolution Effect-Directed Analysis (EDA) platform that combines liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry and parallel bioassay detection. In this study, the platform is combined with CALUX bioassays for (anti)androgenic, estrogenic and glucocorticoid activities, and the performance of the platform is evaluated. It appeared to render very repeatable results, with high recoveries of spiked compounds and high consistency between the mass spectrometric and bioassay results. Application of the platform to wastewater treatment plant effluent and surface water samples led to the identification of several compounds contributing to the measured activities. Eventually, a workflow is proposed for the application of the platform in a routine monitoring context. The workflow divides the platform into four phases, of which one to all can be performed depending on the research question and the results obtained. This allows one to make a balance between the effort put into the platform and the certainty and depth by which active compounds will be identified. The EDA platform is a valuable tool to identify unknown bioactive compounds, both in an academic setting as in the context of legislative, governmental or routine monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corine J Houtman
- The Water Laboratory, P.O. Box 734, 2003 RS Haarlem, the Netherlands.
| | - R Ten Broek
- The Water Laboratory, P.O. Box 734, 2003 RS Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Y van Oorschot
- The Water Laboratory, P.O. Box 734, 2003 RS Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - D Kloes
- The Water Laboratory, P.O. Box 734, 2003 RS Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - R van der Oost
- Department of Technology, Research and Engineering, Waternet Institute for the Urban Water Cycle, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Rosielle
- The Water Laboratory, P.O. Box 734, 2003 RS Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - M H Lamoree
- Department Environment & Health, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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16
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Yang D, Han J, Hall DR, Sun J, Fu J, Kutarna S, Houck KA, LaLone CA, Doering JA, Ng CA, Peng H. Nontarget Screening of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Binding to Human Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5676-5686. [PMID: 32249562 PMCID: PMC7477755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
More than 1000 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been discovered by nontarget analysis (NTA), but their prioritization for health concerns is challenging. We developed a method by incorporating size-exclusion column co-elution (SECC) and NTA, to screen PFASs binding to human liver fatty acid binding protein (hL-FABP). Of 74 PFASs assessed, 20 were identified as hL-FABP ligands in which eight of them have high binding affinities. Increased PFAS binding affinities correlate with stronger responses in electrospray ionization (ESI-) and longer retention times on a C18 column. This is well explained by a mechanistic model, which revealed that both polar and hydrophobic interactions are crucial for binding affinities. Encouraged by this, we then developed an SECC method to identify hL-FABP ligands, and all eight high-affinity ligands were selectively captured from 74 PFASs. The method was further applied to an aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) product in which 31 new hL-FABP ligands were identified. Suspect and nontargeted screening revealed these ligands as analogues of perfluorosulfonic acids and homologues of alkyl ether sulfates (C8- and C10/EOn, C8H17(C2H4O)nSO4-, and C10H21(C2H4O)nSO4-). The SECC method was then applied to AFFF-contaminated surface waters. In addition to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, eight other AFFF chemicals were discovered as novel ligands, including four C14- and C15/EOn. This study implemented a high-throughput method to prioritize PFASs and revealed the existence of many previously unknown hL-FABP ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jiajun Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Ross Hall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jianxian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jesse Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven Kutarna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Keith A. Houck
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711 USA
| | - Carlie A. LaLone
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804 United States
| | - Jon A. Doering
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804 United States
- National Research Council, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804 USA
| | - Carla A. Ng
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Corresponding author: Hui Peng, , Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
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17
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Pochiraju SS, Linden K, Gu AZ, Rosenblum J. Development of a separation framework for effects-based targeted and non-targeted toxicological screening of water and wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 170:115289. [PMID: 31785562 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An environmental water sample fractionation framework was developed based on effects-directed analysis (EDA) to detect known and unknown compounds of concern in different waters. Secondary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant was used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed framework for characterizing estrogenic compounds in the effluent. The effluent was spiked with known estrogenic compounds to validate the framework in a targeted approach and an unspiked sample was also investigated in a non-targeted approach. The framework separated compounds based on polarity and adsorption using liquid-liquid extraction followed by solid phase extraction. The targeted and non-targeted effluents generated six fractions each, which were assessed for estrogenic activity using an in vitro bioassay (yeast estrogen screen - YES). Three out of the six fractions in each case, along with the raw effluent, showed estrogen equivalent concentrations (EEQs) ranging between 1.0 and 3.0 μg/L. Directed by the assay results, these estrogenic fractions were further analyzed using liquid- and gas-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for compound identification. The developed separation framework coupled with a bioassay aided in identification of both known and unknown compounds producing estrogenic effects in the water sample. The approach of fractionation followed by concentration helped isolate and elevate contaminant levels without necessarily concentrating potential matrix effects that could cause interfering cytotoxicity and inhibition in the bioassay. The targeted analysis showed consistency between predicted and observed results, while the non-targeted analysis revealed the presence of three estrogenic compounds in the unspiked effluent: di-isobutyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate and benzophenone, that were confirmed with standards. The study mainly aimed at development and validation of a simple yet effective EDA framework with low cost techniques for water and wastewater toxicity screening and evaluation, and the results suggested that the developed framework could be used as a screening tool for isolating and identifying unknown compounds in a complex water sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susheera S Pochiraju
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Karl Linden
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - April Z Gu
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - James Rosenblum
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
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18
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Itzel F, Baetz N, Hohrenk LL, Gehrmann L, Antakyali D, Schmidt TC, Tuerk J. Evaluation of a biological post-treatment after full-scale ozonation at a municipal wastewater treatment plant. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 170:115316. [PMID: 31785561 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the discharge of trace organic compounds into water bodies associated with potential toxic effects such as endocrine disruption, new advanced treatment methods are being investigated at several wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). One of the most studied and already implemented technologies is ozonation. However, ozonation only partially oxidizes trace organic compounds (TrOC) and as a result, transformation products (TPs) with unknown properties can be formed. In order to minimise the risk of releasing unknown and potentially toxic TPs into surface water, it is recommended to install a biological post-treatment after ozonation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a moving bed reactor following ozonation in a full-scale plant. Different ozone dosages (zspec. = 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 mg O3/mgDOC) were investigated. To assess the biological activity of the post-treatment, the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) was determined in addition to the formed biomass. Furthermore, selected TrOC were analysed in parallel to monitor the ozonation efficiency at different ozone doses. In addition, estrogenic, androgenic as well as corresponding antagonistic effects were investigated after each treatment step using the A-YES and A-YAS assay. A non-target screening was performed to evaluate a trend analysis of formed TPs as well as their removal by the post-treatment procedure. The results proved the successful design of the biological post-treatment reactor by a constant biofilm development and reduction of the AOC. Endocrine effects were removed below the limit of detection (LOD) of 10 pg EEQ/L already after ozonation for all applied ozone doses. Antagonistic effects were not significantly reduced during ozonation and subsequent biological post-treatment. For this reason, further research is needed to evaluate different post-treatment technologies. The trend analysis from non-target screening data showed a reduction of about 95% of the number of formed TPs by the biological post-treatment. Consequently, an assessment of the biological activity and the elimination capacity of a certain biological post-treatment technique is thus possible by applying the AOC in combination with a non-target screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Itzel
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229, Duisburg, Germany; Instrumental Analytical Chemistry (IAC), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Baetz
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229, Duisburg, Germany; Instrumental Analytical Chemistry (IAC), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Lotta L Hohrenk
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry (IAC), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Linda Gehrmann
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229, Duisburg, Germany
| | | | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry (IAC), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141, Essen, Germany; IWW Zentrum Wasser, Moritzstr. 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jochen Tuerk
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229, Duisburg, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141, Essen, Germany.
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19
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Zwart N, Jonker W, Broek RT, de Boer J, Somsen G, Kool J, Hamers T, Houtman CJ, Lamoree MH. Identification of mutagenic and endocrine disrupting compounds in surface water and wastewater treatment plant effluents using high-resolution effect-directed analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 168:115204. [PMID: 31669779 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Effect-directed analysis (EDA) has shown its added value for the detection and identification of compounds with varying toxicological properties in water quality research. However, for routine toxicity assessment of multiple toxicological endpoints, current EDA is considered labor intensive and time consuming. To achieve faster EDA and identification, a high-throughput (HT) EDA platform, coupling a downscaled luminescent Ames and cell-based reporter gene assays with a high-resolution fraction collector and UPLC-QTOF MS, was developed. The applicability of the HT-EDA platform in the analysis of aquatic samples was demonstrated by analysis of extracts from WWTP influent, effluent and surface water. Downscaled assays allowed detection of mutagenicity and androgen, estrogen and glucocorticoid agonism following high-resolution fractionation in 228 fractions. From 8 masses tentatively identified through non-target analysis, 2 masses were further investigated and chemically and biologically confirmed as the mutagen 1,2,3-benzotriazole and the androgen androstenedione. The compatibility of the high-throughput EDA platform with analysis of water samples and the incorporation of mutagenic and endocrine disruption endpoints allow for future application in routine monitoring in drinking water quality control and improved identification of (emerging) mutagens and endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Zwart
- Department Environment & Health, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willem Jonker
- Biomolecular Analysis Group, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jacob de Boer
- Department Environment & Health, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Govert Somsen
- Biomolecular Analysis Group, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kool
- Biomolecular Analysis Group, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Timo Hamers
- Department Environment & Health, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marja H Lamoree
- Department Environment & Health, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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20
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Baduel C, Lai FY, van Nuijs ALN, Covaci A. Suspect and Nontargeted Strategies to Investigate in Vitro Human Biotransformation Products of Emerging Environmental Contaminants: The Benzotriazoles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:10462-10469. [PMID: 31204474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazole derivatives (BTRs) are high production volume chemicals involved in a wide range of applications and consumer products resulting in their ubiquitous presence in environmental matrices. Yet, the human exposure assessment to these chemicals is limited since it is based only on the analysis of parent compounds in biological matrices. The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro human biotransformation for three widely used BTRs and to stepwise examine the role of Phase I and II enzymes (cytochrome P450 (CYP), uridine glucuronic acid transferase (UGT), and sulfotransferase (SULT)) in their biotransformation. Extracts with generated biotransformation products (bioTPs) were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS), followed by their identification based on a workflow combining suspect and nontargeted strategies. Ten bioTPs were identified for 1H-benzotriazole, 14 for tolyltriazole, and 14 for 5-chloro-1H-benzotriazole. Most of the proposed bioTPs were identified and structurally elucidated for the first time. Based on these findings, possible bioTPs and metabolic transformation pathways were subsequently predicted for other structurally close BTR derivatives. Our findings provide new identified in vitro biotransformation products for future biomonitoring studies and emphasize that it is important to investigate the biotransformation pathway to assess overall exposure to xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Baduel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IGE , 38 050 Grenoble , France
- Université Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institute of Analytical Sciences, UMR 5280 , F-69100 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- Toxicological Center , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp , Belgium
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) , Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Alexander L N van Nuijs
- Toxicological Center , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp , Belgium
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21
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Dopp E, Pannekens H, Itzel F, Tuerk J. Effect-based methods in combination with state-of-the-art chemical analysis for assessment of water quality as integrated approach. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 222:607-614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Šauer P, Bořík A, Golovko O, Grabic R, Staňová AV, Valentová O, Stará A, Šandová M, Kocour Kroupová H. Do progestins contribute to (anti-)androgenic activities in aquatic environments? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:417-425. [PMID: 29990947 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Unknown compounds with (anti-)androgenic activities enter the aquatic environment via municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Progestins are well-known environmental contaminants capable of interfering with androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. The aim of the present study was to determine if 15 selected progestins have potential to contribute to (anti-)androgenic activities in municipal wastewaters and the respective recipient surface waters. AR-specific Chemically Activated LUciferase gene eXpression bioassay in agonistic (AR-CALUX) and antagonistic (anti-AR-CALUX) modes and liquid chromatography tandem atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/atmospheric photoionization with hybrid quadrupole/orbital trap mass spectrometry operated in high resolution product scan mode (LC-APCI/APPI-HRPS) methods were used to assess (anti-)androgenic activity and to detect the target compounds, respectively. The contribution of progestins to (anti-)androgenic activities was evaluated by means of a biologically and chemically derived toxicity equivalent approach. Androgenic (0.08-59 ng/L dihydrotestosterone equivalents - DHT EQs) and anti-androgenic (2.4-26 μg/L flutamide equivalents - FLU EQs) activities and progestins (0.19-75 ng/L) were detected in selected aquatic environments. Progestins displayed androgenic potencies (0.01-0.22 fold of dihydrotestosterone) and strong anti-androgenic potencies (9-62 fold of flutamide). Although they accounted to some extent for androgenic (0.3-29%) and anti-androgenic (4.6-27%) activities in influents, the progestins' contribution to (anti-)androgenic activities was negligible (≤2.1%) in effluents and surface waters. We also tested joint effect of equimolar mixtures of target compounds and the results indicate that compounds interact in an additive manner. Even if progestins possess relatively strong (anti-)androgenic activities, when considering their low concentrations (sub-ng/L to ng/L) it seems unlikely that they would be the drivers of (anti-)androgenic effects in Czech aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Šauer
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Adam Bořík
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Oksana Golovko
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Vojs Staňová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Valentová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Alžběta Stará
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Šandová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kocour Kroupová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
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Tröger R, Klöckner P, Ahrens L, Wiberg K. Micropollutants in drinking water from source to tap - Method development and application of a multiresidue screening method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:1404-1432. [PMID: 30857104 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A multi-residue screening method for simultaneous measurement of a wide range of micropollutants in drinking water (DW) resources was developed. The method was applied in a field study in central Sweden on water from source to tap, including samples of surface water (upstream and downstream of a wastewater treatment plant, WWTP), intake water before and after a DW treatment plant (DWTP, pilot and full-scale), treated DW leaving the plant and tap water at end users. Low detection limits (low ng L-1 levels) were achieved by using large sample volumes (5 L) combined with ultra performance liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). In total, 134 different micropollutants were analyzed, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), drug-related compounds, food additives, and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Of these 134 micropollutants, 41 were detected in at least one sample, with individual concentrations ranging from sub ng L-1 levels to ~80 ng L-1. Two solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges (Oasis HLB and Bond-Elut ENV) were shown to be complementary in the field study, with three compounds detected exclusively using HLB. The total concentration in treated drinking water (56-57 ng L-1) was at a similar level as upstream from the WWTP (79-90 ng L-1). The composition of micropollutants changed along the water path, to a higher fraction of food additives and PFASs. Median treatment efficiency in the full-scale DWTP was close to 0%, but with high variability for individual compounds. In contrast, median treatment efficiency in the pilot-scale DWTP was ~90% when using nanofiltration followed by a freshly installed granulated active carbon (GAC) filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Tröger
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Philipp Klöckner
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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Zwart N, Nio SL, Houtman CJ, de Boer J, Kool J, Hamers T, Lamoree MH. High-Throughput Effect-Directed Analysis Using Downscaled in Vitro Reporter Gene Assays To Identify Endocrine Disruptors in Surface Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:4367-4377. [PMID: 29547277 PMCID: PMC5947935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Effect-directed analysis (EDA) is a commonly used approach for effect-based identification of endocrine disruptive chemicals in complex (environmental) mixtures. However, for routine toxicity assessment of, for example, water samples, current EDA approaches are considered time-consuming and laborious. We achieved faster EDA and identification by downscaling of sensitive cell-based hormone reporter gene assays and increasing fractionation resolution to allow testing of smaller fractions with reduced complexity. The high-resolution EDA approach is demonstrated by analysis of four environmental passive sampler extracts. Downscaling of the assays to a 384-well format allowed analysis of 64 fractions in triplicate (or 192 fractions without technical replicates) without affecting sensitivity compared to the standard 96-well format. Through a parallel exposure method, agonistic and antagonistic androgen and estrogen receptor activity could be measured in a single experiment following a single fractionation. From 16 selected candidate compounds, identified through nontargeted analysis, 13 could be confirmed chemically and 10 were found to be biologically active, of which the most potent nonsteroidal estrogens were identified as oxybenzone and piperine. The increased fractionation resolution and the higher throughput that downscaling provides allow for future application in routine high-resolution screening of large numbers of samples in order to accelerate identification of (emerging) endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Zwart
- Department
of Environment & Health, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
| | - Shan Li Nio
- Department
of Environment & Health, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jacob de Boer
- Department
of Environment & Health, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kool
- Biomolecular
Analysis Group, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo Hamers
- Department
of Environment & Health, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja H. Lamoree
- Department
of Environment & Health, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Muschket M, Di Paolo C, Tindall AJ, Touak G, Phan A, Krauss M, Kirchner K, Seiler TB, Hollert H, Brack W. Identification of Unknown Antiandrogenic Compounds in Surface Waters by Effect-Directed Analysis (EDA) Using a Parallel Fractionation Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:288-297. [PMID: 29211466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Among all the nuclear-receptor mediated endocrine disruptive effects, antiandrogenicity is frequently observed in aquatic environments and may pose a risk to aquatic organisms. Linking these effects to responsible chemicals is challenging and a great share of antiandrogenic activity detected in the environment has not been explained yet. To identify drivers of this effect at a hot spot of antiandrogenicity in the German river Holtemme, we applied effect-directed analysis (EDA) including a parallel fractionation approach, a downscaled luciferase reporter gene cell-based anti-AR-CALUX assay and LC-HRMS/MS nontarget screening. We identified and confirmed the highly potent antiandrogen 4-methyl-7-diethylaminocoumarin (C47) and two derivatives in the active fractions. The relative potency of C47 to the reference compound flutamide was over 5.2, whereas the derivatives were less potent. C47 was detected at a concentration of 13.7 μg/L, equal to 71.4 μg flutamide equivalents per liter (FEq/L) in the nonconcentrated water extract that was posing an antiandrogenic activity equal to 45.5 (±13.7 SD) FEq/L. Thus, C47 was quantitatively confirmed as the major cause of the measured effect in vitro. Finally, the antiandrogenic activity of C47 and one derivate was confirmed in vivo in spiggin-gfp Medaka. An endocrine disrupting effect of C47 was observed already at the concentration equal to the concentration in the nonconcentrated water extract, underlining the high risk posed by this compound to the aquatic ecosystem. This is of some concern since C47 is used in a number of consumer products indicating environmental as well as human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Muschket
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen, Germany
| | - Carolina Di Paolo
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Martin Krauss
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristina Kirchner
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen, Germany
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26
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Brack W, Escher BI, Müller E, Schmitt-Jansen M, Schulze T, Slobodnik J, Hollert H. Towards a holistic and solution-oriented monitoring of chemical status of European water bodies: how to support the EU strategy for a non-toxic environment? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2018; 30:33. [PMID: 30221105 PMCID: PMC6132835 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-018-0161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The definition of priority substances (PS) according to the Water Framework Directive (WFD) helped to remove many of these chemicals from the market and to reduce their concentrations in the European water bodies. However, it could not prevent that many of these chemicals have been replaced by others with similar risks. Today, monitoring of the PS-based chemical status according to WFD covers only a tiny fraction of toxic risks, extensively ignores mixture effects and lacks incentives and guidance for abatement. Thus, we suggest complement this purely status-related approach with more holistic and solution-oriented monitoring, which at the same time helps to provide links to the ecological status. Major elements include (1) advanced chemical screening techniques supporting mixture risk assessment and unraveling of source-related patterns in complex mixtures, (2) effect-based monitoring for the detection of groups of chemicals with similar effects and the establishment of toxicity fingerprints, (3) effect-directed analysis of drivers of toxicity and (4) to translate chemical and toxicological fingerprints into chemical footprints for prioritization of management measures. The requirement of more holistic and solution-oriented monitoring of chemical contamination is supported by the significant advancement of appropriate monitoring tools within the last years. Non-target screening technology, effect-based monitoring and basic understanding of mixture assessment are available conceptually and in research but also increasingly find their way into practical monitoring. Substantial progress in the development, evaluation and demonstration of these tools, for example, in the SOLUTIONS project enhanced their acceptability. Further advancement, integration and demonstration, extensive data exchange and closure of remaining knowledge gaps are suggested as high priority research needs for the next future to bridge the gap between insufficient ecological status and cost-efficient abatement measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Brack
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Beate I. Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Erik Müller
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mechthild Schmitt-Jansen
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Schulze
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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27
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Hollender J, Schymanski EL, Singer HP, Ferguson PL. Nontarget Screening with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry in the Environment: Ready to Go? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11505-11512. [PMID: 28877430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The vast, diverse universe of organic pollutants is a formidable challenge for environmental sciences, engineering, and regulation. Nontarget screening (NTS) based on high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has enormous potential to help characterize this universe, but is it ready to go for real world applications? In this Feature article we argue that development of mass spectrometers with increasingly high resolution and novel couplings to both liquid and gas chromatography, combined with the integration of high performance computing, have significantly widened our analytical window and have enabled increasingly sophisticated data processing strategies, indicating a bright future for NTS. NTS has great potential for treatment assessment and pollutant prioritization within regulatory applications, as highlighted here by the case of real-time pollutant monitoring on the River Rhine. We discuss challenges for the future, including the transition from research toward solution-centered and robust, harmonized applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics , ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Emma L Schymanski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Heinz P Singer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - P Lee Ferguson
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University , Box 90287, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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28
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Chibwe L, Titaley IA, Hoh E, Massey Simonich SL. Integrated Framework for Identifying Toxic Transformation Products in Complex Environmental Mixtures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2017; 4:32-43. [PMID: 35600207 PMCID: PMC9119311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Complex environmental mixtures consist of hundreds to thousands of unknown and unregulated organic compounds that may have toxicological relevance, including transformation products (TPs) of anthropogenic organic pollutants. Non-targeted analysis and suspect screening analysis offer analytical approaches for potentially identifying these toxic transformation products. However, additional tools and strategies are needed in order to reduce the number of chemicals of interest and focus analytical efforts on chemicals that may pose risks to humans and the environment. This brief review highlights recent developments in this field and suggests an integrated framework that incorporates complementary instrumental techniques, computational chemistry, and toxicity analysis, for prioritizing and identifying toxic TPs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Chibwe
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Ivan A. Titaley
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Eunha Hoh
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Staci L. Massey Simonich
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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29
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Endocrine Disruption and In Vitro Ecotoxicology: Recent Advances and Approaches. IN VITRO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY - CONCEPTS, APPLICATION AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 157:1-58. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Kassotis CD, Iwanowicz LR, Akob DM, Cozzarelli IM, Mumford AC, Orem WH, Nagel SC. Endocrine disrupting activities of surface water associated with a West Virginia oil and gas industry wastewater disposal site. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 557-558:901-10. [PMID: 27073166 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Currently, >95% of end disposal of hydraulic fracturing wastewater from unconventional oil and gas operations in the US occurs via injection wells. Key data gaps exist in understanding the potential impact of underground injection on surface water quality and environmental health. The goal of this study was to assess endocrine disrupting activity in surface water at a West Virginia injection well disposal site. Water samples were collected from a background site in the area and upstream, on, and downstream of the disposal facility. Samples were solid-phase extracted, and extracts assessed for agonist and antagonist hormonal activities for five hormone receptors in mammalian and yeast reporter gene assays. Compared to reference water extracts upstream and distal to the disposal well, samples collected adjacent and downstream exhibited considerably higher antagonist activity for the estrogen, androgen, progesterone, glucocorticoid and thyroid hormone receptors. In contrast, low levels of agonist activity were measured in upstream/distal sites, and were inhibited or absent at downstream sites with significant antagonism. Concurrent analyses by partner laboratories (published separately) describe the analytical and geochemical profiling of the water; elevated conductivity as well as high sodium, chloride, strontium, and barium concentrations indicate impacts due to handling of unconventional oil and gas wastewater. Notably, antagonist activities in downstream samples were at equivalent authentic standard concentrations known to disrupt reproduction and/or development in aquatic animals. Given the widespread use of injection wells for end-disposal of hydraulic fracturing wastewater, these data raise concerns for human and animal health nearby.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke R Iwanowicz
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, Fish Health Branch, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Denise M Akob
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Research Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 430, Reston, VA 20192, USA
| | - Isabelle M Cozzarelli
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Research Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 430, Reston, VA 20192, USA
| | - Adam C Mumford
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Research Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 430, Reston, VA 20192, USA
| | - William H Orem
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 956, Reston, VA 20192, USA
| | - Susan C Nagel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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31
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Tufi S, Wassenaar PNH, Osorio V, de Boer J, Leonards PEG, Lamoree MH. Pesticide Mixture Toxicity in Surface Water Extracts in Snails (Lymnaea stagnalis) by an in Vitro Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Assay and Metabolomics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:3937-44. [PMID: 26900769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Many chemicals in use end up in the aquatic environment. The toxicity of water samples can be tested with bioassays, but a metabolomic approach has the advantage that multiple end points can be measured simultaneously and the affected metabolic pathways can be revealed. A current challenge in metabolomics is the study of mixture effects. This study aims at investigating the toxicity of an environmental extract and its most abundant chemicals identified by target chemical analysis of >100 organic micropollutants and effect-directed analysis (EDA) using the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) bioassay and metabolomics. Surface water from an agricultural area was sampled with a large volume solid phase extraction (LVSPE) device using three cartridges containing neutral, anionic, and cationic sorbents able to trap several pollutants classes like pharmaceuticals, pesticides, PAHs, PCBs, and perfluorinated surfactants. Targeted chemical analysis and AChE bioassay were performed on the cartridge extracts. The extract of the neutral sorbent cartridge contained most of the targeted chemicals, mainly imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and pirimicarb, and was the most potent AChE inhibitor. Using an EDA approach, other AChE inhibiting candidates were identified in the neutral extract, such as carbendazim and esprocarb. Additionally, a metabolomics experiment on the central nervous system (CNS) of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis was conducted. The snails were exposed to the extract, the three most abundant chemicals individually, and a mixture of these. The extract disturbed more metabolic pathways than the three most abundant chemicals individually, indicating the contribution of other chemicals. Most pathways perturbed by the extract exposure overlapped with those related to exposure to neonicotinoids, like the polyamine metabolism involved in CNS injuries. Metabolomics for the straightforward comparison between a complex mixture and single compound toxicity is still challenging but, compared to traditional biotesting, is a promising tool due to its increased sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tufi
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim N H Wassenaar
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria Osorio
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute , 3433 PE, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob de Boer
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim E G Leonards
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja H Lamoree
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Brack W, Ait-Aissa S, Burgess RM, Busch W, Creusot N, Di Paolo C, Escher BI, Mark Hewitt L, Hilscherova K, Hollender J, Hollert H, Jonker W, Kool J, Lamoree M, Muschket M, Neumann S, Rostkowski P, Ruttkies C, Schollee J, Schymanski EL, Schulze T, Seiler TB, Tindall AJ, De Aragão Umbuzeiro G, Vrana B, Krauss M. Effect-directed analysis supporting monitoring of aquatic environments--An in-depth overview. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:1073-118. [PMID: 26779957 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments are often contaminated with complex mixtures of chemicals that may pose a risk to ecosystems and human health. This contamination cannot be addressed with target analysis alone but tools are required to reduce this complexity and identify those chemicals that might cause adverse effects. Effect-directed analysis (EDA) is designed to meet this challenge and faces increasing interest in water and sediment quality monitoring. Thus, the present paper summarizes current experience with the EDA approach and the tools required, and provides practical advice on their application. The paper highlights the need for proper problem formulation and gives general advice for study design. As the EDA approach is directed by toxicity, basic principles for the selection of bioassays are given as well as a comprehensive compilation of appropriate assays, including their strengths and weaknesses. A specific focus is given to strategies for sampling, extraction and bioassay dosing since they strongly impact prioritization of toxicants in EDA. Reduction of sample complexity mainly relies on fractionation procedures, which are discussed in this paper, including quality assurance and quality control. Automated combinations of fractionation, biotesting and chemical analysis using so-called hyphenated tools can enhance the throughput and might reduce the risk of artifacts in laboratory work. The key to determining the chemical structures causing effects is analytical toxicant identification. The latest approaches, tools, software and databases for target-, suspect and non-target screening as well as unknown identification are discussed together with analytical and toxicological confirmation approaches. A better understanding of optimal use and combination of EDA tools will help to design efficient and successful toxicant identification studies in the context of quality monitoring in multiply stressed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Brack
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Selim Ait-Aissa
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Robert M Burgess
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Wibke Busch
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicolas Creusot
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | - Beate I Escher
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - L Mark Hewitt
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Klara Hilscherova
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Willem Jonker
- VU University, BioMolecular Analysis Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kool
- VU University, BioMolecular Analysis Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja Lamoree
- VU Amsterdam, Institute for Environmental Studies, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Muschket
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Neumann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Pawel Rostkowski
- NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2007 Kjeller, Norway
| | | | - Jennifer Schollee
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Emma L Schymanski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Schulze
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Andrew J Tindall
- WatchFrag, Bâtiment Genavenir 3, 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry, France
| | | | - Branislav Vrana
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Krauss
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Krauss M. High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry in the Effect-Directed Analysis of Water Resources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Weiss SC, Egetenmeyer N, Schulz W. Coupling of In Vitro Bioassays with Planar Chromatography in Effect-Directed Analysis. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 157:187-224. [PMID: 27757476 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Modern analytical test methods increasingly detect anthropogenic organic substances and their transformation products in water samples and in the environment. The presence of these compounds might pose a risk to the aquatic environment. To determine a possible (eco)toxicological risk, aquatic samples are tested using various bioassays, including sub-organismic assays such as the luminescent bacteria inhibition test, the acetylcholinesterase inhibition test, and the umu-test. The effect-directed analysis (EDA) combines physicochemical separation methods with biological (in vitro) tests. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) has proved to be particularly well suited for the separation of organic compounds and the subsequent analysis of effects by the application of the biotests directly on the surface of the HPTLC plate. The advantage of using HPTLC in comparison to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for EDA is that the solvent which is used as a mobile phase during chromatography is completely evaporated after the separation and therefore can no longer influence the applied bioassays.A prioritization during the complex identification process can be achieved when observed effects are associated with the separated zones in HPTLC. This increases the probability of identifying the substance responsible for an adverse effect from the multitude of organic trace substances in environmental samples. Furthermore, by comparing the pattern of biological effects of a separated sample, it is possible to track and assess changes in biological activity over time, over space, or in the course of a process, even without identifying the substance. HPTLC has already been coupled with various bioassays.Because HPTLC is a very flexible system, various detection techniques can be used and combined. In addition to the UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence measurements, TLC can also be coupled with a mass spectrometer (MS) for compound identification. In addition, detection of functional groups by means of derivatization reagents can support this identification. It is also possible to combine derivatization and HPLC-MS.Two case studies are used to illustrate the significance of HPTLC-EDA in investigating water quality: Study on a wastewater treatment plant Possible influence of an artificial turf surface on ground water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan C Weiss
- Betriebs und Forschungslaboratorium, Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung (LW), Am Spitzigen Berg 1, 89129, Langenau, Germany.
| | - Nicole Egetenmeyer
- Betriebs und Forschungslaboratorium, Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung (LW), Am Spitzigen Berg 1, 89129, Langenau, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schulz
- Betriebs und Forschungslaboratorium, Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung (LW), Am Spitzigen Berg 1, 89129, Langenau, Germany
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Prasse C, Ternes T. Application of Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry for the Identification of Transformation Products of Trace Organic Contaminants Formed in the Environment. APPLICATIONS OF TIME-OF-FLIGHT AND ORBITRAP MASS SPECTROMETRY IN ENVIRONMENTAL, FOOD, DOPING, AND FORENSIC ANALYSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Solliec M, Roy-Lachapelle A, Sauvé S. Development of a suspect and non-target screening approach to detect veterinary antibiotic residues in a complex biological matrix using liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:2361-2373. [PMID: 26563707 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Swine manure can contain a wide range of veterinary antibiotics, which could enter the environment via manure spreading on agricultural fields. A suspect and non-target screening method was applied to swine manure samples to attempt to identify veterinary antibiotics and pharmaceutical compounds for a future targeted analysis method. METHODS A combination of suspect and non-target screening method was developed to identify various veterinary antibiotic families using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS). The sample preparation was based on the physicochemical parameters of antibiotics for the wide scope extraction of polar compounds prior to LC/HRMS analysis. The amount of data produced was processed by applying restrictive thresholds and filters to significantly reduce the number of compounds found and eliminate matrix components. RESULTS The suspect and non-target screening was applied on swine manure samples and revealed the presence of seven common veterinary antibiotics and some of their relative metabolites, including tetracyclines, β-lactams, sulfonamides and lincosamides. However, one steroid and one analgesic were also identified. The occurrence of the identified compounds was validated by comparing their retention times, isotopic abundance patterns and fragmentation patterns with certified standards. CONCLUSIONS This identification method could be very useful as an initial step to screen for and identify emerging contaminants such as veterinary antibiotics and pharmaceuticals in environmental and biological matrices prior to quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Solliec
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Schollée JE, Schymanski EL, Avak SE, Loos M, Hollender J. Prioritizing Unknown Transformation Products from Biologically-Treated Wastewater Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Multivariate Statistics, and Metabolic Logic. Anal Chem 2015; 87:12121-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Schollée
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Emma L. Schymanski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sven E. Avak
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Loos
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Hamers T, Kamstra JH, van Gils J, Kotte MC, van Hattum AGM. The influence of extreme river discharge conditions on the quality of suspended particulate matter in Rivers Meuse and Rhine (The Netherlands). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 143:241-255. [PMID: 26519830 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of climate change, increased precipitation in winter and longer periods of decreased precipitation in summer are expected to cause more frequent episodes of very high or very low river discharge in the Netherlands. To study the impact of such extreme river discharge conditions on water quality, toxicity profiles and pollutant profiles were determined of suspended particulate matter (SPM) collected from Rivers Meuse and Rhine. Archived (1993-2003) and fresh (2009-2011) SPM samples were selected from the Dutch annual monitoring program of the national water bodies (MWTL), representing episodes with river discharge conditions ranging from very low to regular to very high. SPM extracts were tested in a battery of in vitro bioassays for their potency to interact with the androgen receptor (AR), the estrogen receptor (ER), the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and the thyroid hormone transporter protein transthyretin (TTR). SPM extracts were further tested for their mutagenic potency (Ames assay) and their potency to inhibit bacterial respiration (Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence assay). Target-analyzed pollutant concentrations of the SPM samples and additional sample information were retrieved from a public database of MWTL results. In vitro toxicity profiles and pollutant profiles were analyzed in relation to discharge conditions and in relation to each other using correlation analysis and multivariate statistics. Compared to regular discharge conditions, composition of SPM during very high River Meuse and Rhine discharges shifted to more coarse, sandy, organic carbon (OC) poor particles. On the contrary, very low discharge led to a shift to more fine, OC rich material, probably dominated by algae. This shift was most evident in River Meuse, which is characterized by almost stagnant water conditions during episodes of drought. During such episodes, SPM extracts from River Meuse demonstrated increased potencies to inhibit bacterial respiration and to compete with thyroid hormone to bind to TTR, possibly due to the presence of fycotoxins. Meanwhile concentrations of polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) in SPM were also increased. Very high River Meuse discharges on the other hand corresponded to increased androgenic and AhR agoniztic responses, which coincided with increased PAH levels and PAH-related in vivo risk estimates (i.e. multi-substance potentially affected fraction of species; msPAF). In River Rhine, very high discharges also corresponded to increasing androgenic potencies in SPM. Concentrations and corresponding msPAF values of PAHs (and metals), however, decreased with very high discharges in River Rhine in contrast to River Meuse. Mutagenicity was observed for SPM extracts from River Rhine collected during all discharge conditions, except during regular discharge. Aggregated toxicity index values, which were useful to identify toxicity profiles deviating from the generally observed pattern, did not correlate with river discharges, probably due to opposite effects of discharge conditions on different bioassay responses. In conclusion, SPM quality and related in vivo risk estimates changed during very low or very high discharge conditions but the changes were specific for the different toxic endpoints and pollutants in the different rivers. Moreover, bioassay responses to a series of consecutively collected samples from River Rhine during the Christmas flood of 1993 indicated that SPM quality is variable within a single episode of extreme discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Hamers
- VU University Amsterdam-Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jorke H Kamstra
- VU University Amsterdam-Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos van Gils
- Deltares, Rotterdamseweg 185, 2629 HD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel C Kotte
- Rijkswaterstaat-Water, Transport and Environment, Zuiderwagenplein 2, 8224 AD Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Albertus G M van Hattum
- VU University Amsterdam-Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Advances in liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry for quantitative and qualitative environmental analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:6289-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8852-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Senyuva HZ, Gökmen V, Sarikaya EA. Future perspectives in Orbitrap™-high-resolution mass spectrometry in food analysis: a review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:1568-606. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1057240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lohne JJ, Turnipseed SB, Andersen WC, Storey J, Madson MR. Application of single-stage Orbitrap mass spectrometry and differential analysis software to nontargeted analysis of contaminants in dog food: detection, identification, and quantification of glycoalkaloids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:4790-4798. [PMID: 25912523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to perform a preliminary investigation of the nontargeted search and quantitative capabilities of a single-stage Exactive High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer (HRMS). To do this, the instrument and its associated software performed a non-targeted search for deleterious substances in a dog food sample suspected of causing gastrointestinal problems in dogs. A single-stage Orbitrap/high-performance liquid chromatography method and differential expression analysis software (Sieve) was used to detect and identify, and subsequently quantify, nontargeted compounds occurring only in the suspect dog food sample. When combined with an online database (ChemSpider), a preliminary identification of one of the nontargeted compounds was determined to be potato glycoalkaloids. The diagnostic product ion ratios and quantitative data accuracy generated by the single-stage Orbitrap MS were shown to be similar to results obtained using a triple quadrupole LC-MS/MS. Additionally, the ability of the single-stage Orbitrap instrument to provide precursor and product ion accurate masses and isotope patterns was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J Lohne
- †Animal Drugs Research Center and ‡Denver Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center Building 20, West Sixth Avenue and Kipling Street, Denver, Colorado 80225-0087, United States
| | - Sherri B Turnipseed
- †Animal Drugs Research Center and ‡Denver Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center Building 20, West Sixth Avenue and Kipling Street, Denver, Colorado 80225-0087, United States
| | - Wendy C Andersen
- †Animal Drugs Research Center and ‡Denver Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center Building 20, West Sixth Avenue and Kipling Street, Denver, Colorado 80225-0087, United States
| | - Joseph Storey
- †Animal Drugs Research Center and ‡Denver Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center Building 20, West Sixth Avenue and Kipling Street, Denver, Colorado 80225-0087, United States
| | - Mark R Madson
- †Animal Drugs Research Center and ‡Denver Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center Building 20, West Sixth Avenue and Kipling Street, Denver, Colorado 80225-0087, United States
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Weiss JM, Andersson PL, Zhang J, Simon E, Leonards PEG, Hamers T, Lamoree MH. Tracing thyroid hormone-disrupting compounds: database compilation and structure-activity evaluation for an effect-directed analysis of sediment. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:5625-34. [PMID: 25986900 PMCID: PMC4498237 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A variety of anthropogenic compounds has been found to be capable of disrupting the endocrine systems of organisms, in laboratory studies as well as in wildlife. The most widely described endpoint is estrogenicity, but other hormonal disturbances, e.g., thyroid hormone disruption, are gaining more and more attention. Here, we present a review and chemical characterization, using principal component analysis, of organic compounds that have been tested for their capacity to bind competitively to the thyroid hormone transport protein transthyretin (TTR). The database contains 250 individual compounds and technical mixtures, of which 144 compounds are defined as TTR binders. Almost one third of these compounds (n = 52) were even more potent than the natural hormone thyroxine (T4). The database was used as a tool to assist in the identification of thyroid hormone-disrupting compounds (THDCs) in an effect-directed analysis (EDA) study of a sediment sample. Two compounds could be confirmed to contribute to the detected TTR-binding potency in the sediment sample, i.e., triclosan and nonylphenol technical mixture. They constituted less than 1 % of the TTR-binding potency of the unfractionated extract. The low rate of explained activity may be attributed to the challenges related to identification of unknown contaminants in combination with the limited knowledge about THDCs in general. This study demonstrates the need for databases containing compound-specific toxicological properties. In the framework of EDA, such a database could be used to assist in the identification and confirmation of causative compounds focusing on thyroid hormone disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana M Weiss
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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Simon E, Lamoree MH, Hamers T, de Boer J. Challenges in effect-directed analysis with a focus on biological samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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44
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Leendert V, Van Langenhove H, Demeestere K. Trends in liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry for multi-residue analysis of organic micropollutants in aquatic environments. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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45
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Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution time of flight mass spectrometry for chemical characterization of sewage treatment plant effluents. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1380:139-45. [PMID: 25578044 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the first time a comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC) system coupled with a high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (HR-ToF MS) was developed and applied for analysis of emerging toxicants in wastewater effluent. The system was optimized and validated using environmental standard compound mixtures of e.g. carbamate pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), to characterize the chromatographic system, to test the stability of the retention times and orthogonality. Various stationary phases in the second dimension were compared for the LC×LC analysis of silicon rubber passive sampler extracts of a wastewater effluent. A combination of C18 and Pentafluorophenyl (PFP) was found to be most effective. Finally, the hyphenation of LC×LC with HR-ToF MS was optimized, including splitter settings, transfer of data files between the different software packages and background subtraction using instrument software tools, after which tentative identification of 20 environmental contaminants was achieved, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals and food additives. As examples, three pesticides (isoproturon, terbutryn and diazinon) were confirmed by two-dimensional retention alignment.
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46
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Cotton J, Leroux F, Broudin S, Marie M, Corman B, Tabet JC, Ducruix C, Junot C. High-resolution mass spectrometry associated with data mining tools for the detection of pollutants and chemical characterization of honey samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:11335-45. [PMID: 25358104 DOI: 10.1021/jf504400c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Analytical methods for food control are mainly focused on restricted lists of well-known contaminants. This paper shows that liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-HRMS) associated with the data mining tools developed for metabolomics can address this issue by enabling (i) targeted analyses of pollutants, (ii) detection of untargeted and unknown xenobiotics, and (iii) detection of metabolites useful for the characterization of food matrices. A proof-of-concept study was performed on 76 honey samples. Targeted analysis indicated that 35 of 83 targeted molecules were detected in the 76 honey samples at concentrations below regulatory limits. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomic-like analyses highlighted 12 chlorinated xenobiotics, 1 of which was detected in lavender honey samples and identified as 2,6-dichlorobenzamide, a metabolite of dichlobenil, a pesticide banned in France since 2010. Lastly, multivariate statistical analyses discriminated honey samples according to their floral origin, and six discriminating metabolites were characterized thanks to the MS/MS experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Cotton
- CEA, iBiTec-S, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, MetaboHUB Paris, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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47
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Booij P, Vethaak AD, Leonards PEG, Sjollema SB, Kool J, de Voogt P, Lamoree MH. Identification of photosynthesis inhibitors of pelagic marine algae using 96-well plate microfractionation for enhanced throughput in effect-directed analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:8003-8011. [PMID: 24926900 DOI: 10.1021/es405428t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Because of large-scale production and use of an increasing diversity of chemicals in modern society, estuarine and coastal waters may be contaminated with numerous substances. Some of these compounds have the potential to affect microalgae at the base of the pelagic food chain. Therefore, we identified the main chemical stressors that negatively affect the effective photosystem II efficiency (ϕPSII) in marine microalgae of the Dutch estuarine and coastal waters. An enhanced effect-directed analysis (EDA) was carried out by combining reversed-phase ultra performance liquid chromatography fractionation of extracts from passive samplers, followed by effect assessment using the pulse amplitude modulation fluorometry assay and chemical analysis of biologically active fractions using high-resolution mass spectrometry. This study focuses on a novel microfractionation technique using 96-well plates to enhance throughput in EDA, structure elucidation, and the analytical and effect confirmation of the compounds that are identified. Although there are numerous unknown compounds present in estuarine and coastal waters, our EDA study shows that atrazine, diuron, irgarol, isoproturon, terbutryn, and terbutylazine are the main contributors to the observed effect on the ϕPSII of marine microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Booij
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University , De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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48
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Macikova P, Kalabova T, Klanova J, Kukucka P, Giesy JP, Hilscherova K. Longer-term and short-term variability in pollution of fluvial sediments by dioxin-like and endocrine disruptive compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:5007-5022. [PMID: 24363052 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Changes in pollutant loads in relatively dynamic river sediments, which contain very complex mixtures of compounds, can play a crucial role in the fate and effects of pollutants in fluvial ecosystems. The contamination of sediments by bioactive substances can be sensitively assessed by in vitro bioassays. This is the first study that characterizes detailed short- and long-term changes in concentrations of contaminants with several modes of action in river sediments. One-year long monthly study described seasonal and spatial variability of contamination of sediments in a representative industrialized area by dioxin-like and endocrine disruptive chemicals. There were significant seasonal changes in both antiandrogenic and androgenic as well as dioxin-like potential of river sediments, while there were no general seasonal trends in estrogenicity. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent potency (dioxin-like potency) expressed as biological TCDD-equivalents (BIOTEQ) was in the range of 0.5-17.7 ng/g, dry mass (dm). The greatest BIOTEQ levels in sediments were observed during winter, particularly at locations downstream of the industrial area. Estrogenicity expressed as estradiol equivalents (EEQ) was in the range of 0.02-3.8 ng/g, dm. Antiandrogenicity was detected in all samples, while androgenic potency in the range of 0.7-16.8 ng/g, dm dihydrotestosterone equivalents (DHT-EQ) was found in only 30 % of samples, most often during autumn, when antiandrogenicity was the least. PAHs were predominant contaminants among analyzed pollutants, responsible, on average, for 13-21 % of BIOTEQ. Longer-term changes in concentrations of BIOTEQ corresponded to seasonal fluctuations, whereas for EEQ, the inter-annual changes at some locations were greater than seasonal variability during 1 year. The inter- as well as intra-annual variability in concentrations of both BIOTEQ and EEQ at individual sites was greater in spring than in autumn which was related to hydrological conditions in the river. This study stresses the importance of river hydrology and its seasonal variations in the design of effective sampling campaigns, as well as in the interpretation of any monitoring results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Macikova
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Richardson SD, Ternes TA. Water analysis: emerging contaminants and current issues. Anal Chem 2014; 86:2813-48. [PMID: 24502364 DOI: 10.1021/ac500508t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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Burgess RM, Ho KT, Brack W, Lamoree M. Effects-directed analysis (EDA) and toxicity identification evaluation (TIE): Complementary but different approaches for diagnosing causes of environmental toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2013; 32:1935-45. [PMID: 23893495 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Currently, 2 approaches are available for performing environmental diagnostics on samples like municipal and industrial effluents, interstitial waters, and whole sediments to identify anthropogenic contaminants causing toxicological effects. One approach is toxicity identification evaluation (TIE), which was developed primarily in North America to determine active toxicants to whole-organism endpoints. The second approach is effects-directed analysis (EDA), which has origins in both Europe and North America. Unlike TIE, EDA uses primarily in vitro endpoints with an emphasis on organic contaminants as the cause of observed toxicity. The 2 approaches have fundamental differences that make them distinct techniques. In EDA, the sophisticated and elegant fractionation and chemical analyses performed to identify the causes of toxicity with a high degree of specificity often compromise contaminant bioavailability. In contrast, in TIE, toxicant bioavailability is maintained and is considered critical to accurately identifying the causes of environmental toxicity. However, maintaining contaminant bioavailability comes with the cost of limiting, at least until recently, the use of the types of sophisticated fractionation and elegant chemical analyses that have resulted in the high specificity of toxicant diagnosis performed in EDA. The present study provides an overview of each approach and highlights areas where the 2 approaches can complement one another and lead to the improvement of both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Burgess
- Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA.
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