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Vidal A, Seignemartin G, Copard Y, Montargès-Pelletier E, Ollive V, Papillon L, Grenz C, Eyrolle F, Sempéré R. Temporal trends of plastic additive contents in sediment cores of three French rivers (Loire, Meuse and Moselle) over the last decades. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172849. [PMID: 38685431 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Sediment cores from three major French watersheds (Loire, Meuse and Moselle) have been dated by 137Cs and 210Pbxs from 1910 (Loire), 1947 (Meuse) and 1930 (Moselle) until the present in order to reconstruct trajectories of plastic additive contaminants including nine phthalate esters (PAEs) and seven organophosphate esters (OPEs), measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS-MS). Historical levels of ∑PAEs were higher than those of ∑OPEs in the Loire and the Moselle sediments, while ∑PAEs and ∑OPEs contents were of the same order of magnitude in the Meuse sediments. Although increases in concentrations do not evolve linearly, our results clearly indicate an increase in OPEs and PAEs concentrations from the 1950-1970 period onwards, compared with the first half of the 20th century. Our results show that, ∑OPE contents increase gradually over time in the Loire and Meuse rivers but evolve more randomly in the Moselle River. Trajectories of ∑PAEs depend on the river and no generality can be established, suggesting sedimentary reworking and/or local contamination. Data from this study allowed comparisons of contents of ∑OPEs and ∑PAEs between rivers, with ∑OPE concentrations in the Moselle River > Meuse River > Loire River, and concentrations of ∑PAEs in the Loire River > Moselle River > Meuse River. Among all PAEs, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the most abundant in all sediment samples, followed by diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP). Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the most abundant OPE in sediments of the three rivers. In addition, strong positive Pearson correlations were observed between organic matter (OM) parameters and OPE concentrations, and to a lesser extent, between OM parameters and PAE concentrations. This is particularly true for the Moselle River and for the Loire River, but less so for the Meuse River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Vidal
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, UM 110, MIO, Marseille, France.
| | - Gabrielle Seignemartin
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France
| | - Yoann Copard
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Université Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, M2C UMR 6143, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Emmanuelle Montargès-Pelletier
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, F-54500 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Vincent Ollive
- Université de Lorraine, Centre de recherche en Géographie, LOTERR, F-54000 Nancy, F-57000 Metz, France
| | - Laure Papillon
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, UM 110, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Grenz
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, UM 110, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Frédérique Eyrolle
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV, STAAR/LRTA, BP 3, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Richard Sempéré
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, UM 110, MIO, Marseille, France
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Xu B, Zhang Z, Yang H, Ding L, Dai W, Liu L, Du X, Fu X, Pei X. A novel perspective on di-hexyl phthalate (2-ethylhexyl)-induced reproductive toxicity in females: Lipopolysaccharide synergizes with mono-2-ethylhexyl ester to cause inflammatory apoptosis rather than autophagy in ovarian granulosa cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116319. [PMID: 38615642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Di-hexyl phthalate (2-ethylhexyl) (DEHP) has been confirmed to cause female reproductive toxicity in humans and model animals by affecting the survival of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs), but the interrelationships between DEHP's on autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammation in GCs are not clear. Our previous study demonstrated that DEHP exposure resulted in the disturbance of intestinal flora associated with serum LPS release, which in turn led to impaired ovarian function. LPS has also been shown to determine cell fate by modulating cellular autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammation. Therefore, this study investigated the role and link between LPS and autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammation of GCs in DEHP-induced ovarian injury. Here, we constructed an in vivo injury model by continuous gavage of 0-1500 mg/kg of DEHP in female mice for 30 days and an in vitro injury model by treatment of human ovarian granulosa cells (KGN) cells with mono-2- ethylhexyl ester (MEHP, an active metabolite of DEHP in vivo). In addition, the expression of relevant pathway molecules was detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting after the addition of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), the apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD- FMK and the NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082. The current study found that autophagy and apoptosis were significantly activated in GCs of DEHP-induced atretic follicles in vivo and found that MEHP-induced KGN cells autophagy and apoptosis were independent and potentially cytotoxic of each other in vitro. Further studies confirmed that DEHP exposure resulted in LPS release from the intestinal tract and entering the ovary, thereby participating in DEHP-induced inflammation of GCs. In addition, we found that exogenous LPS synergized with MEHP could activate the NF-κB signaling pathway to induce inflammation and apoptosis of GCs in a relatively prolonged exposure condition. Meanwhile, inhibition of inflammatory activation could rescue apoptosis and estrogen secretion function of GCs induced by MEHP combined with LPS. These results indicated that the increased LPS influenced by DEHP might cooperate with MEHP to induce inflammatory apoptosis of GCs, an important cause of ovarian injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Liyang Ding
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Wenjie Dai
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ling Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xing Du
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xufeng Fu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Xiuying Pei
- School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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Vidal A, Papillon L, Seignemartin G, Morereau A, Euzen C, Grenz C, Copard Y, Eyrolle F, Sempéré R. Temporal evolution of plastic additive contents over the last decades in two major European rivers (Rhone and Rhine) from sediment cores analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123655. [PMID: 38467366 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Although global plastic distribution is at the heart of 21st century environmental concerns, little information is available concerning how organic plastic additives contaminate freshwater sediments, which are often subject to strong anthropogenic pressure. Here, sediment core samples were collected in the Rhone and the Rhine watersheds (France), dated using 137Cs and 210Pbxs methods and analysed for nine phthalates (PAEs) and seven organophosphate esters (OPEs). The distribution of these organic contaminants was used to establish a chronological archive of plastic additive pollution from 1860 (Rhine) and 1930 (Rhone) until today. Sediment grain size and parameters related to organic matter (OM) were also measured as potential factors that may affect the temporal distribution of OPEs and PAEs in sediments. Our results show that OPE and PAE levels increased continuously in Rhone and Rhine sediments since the first records. In both rivers, ∑PAEs levels (from 9.1 ± 1.7 to 487.3 ± 27.0 ng g-1 dry weight (dw) ± standard deviation and from 4.6 ± 1.3 to 65.2 ± 11.2 ng g-1 dw, for the Rhine and the Rhone rivers, respectively) were higher than ∑OPEs levels (from 0.1 ± 0.1 to 79.1 ± 13.7 ng g-1 dw and from 0.6 ± 0.1 to 17.8 ± 2.3 ng g-1 dw, for Rhine and Rhone rivers, respectively). In both rivers, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the most abundant PAE, followed by diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), while tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the most abundant OPE. No relationship was found between granulometry and additives concentrations, while organic matter helps explain the vertical distribution of PAEs and OPEs in the sediment cores. This study thus establishes a temporal trajectory of PAEs and OPEs contents over the last decades, leading to a better understanding of historical pollution in these two Western European rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Vidal
- Aix Marseille Univ., University of Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, Marseille, France.
| | - Laure Papillon
- Aix Marseille Univ., University of Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, Marseille, France
| | - Gabrielle Seignemartin
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69518, Vaulx-en-Velin, France
| | - Amandine Morereau
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV, STAAR/LRTA, BP 3, 13115, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France; Sorbonne-Université, UMR CNRS, 7619 METIS, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Cassandra Euzen
- Univ, Strasbourg, CNRS, ENGEES, UMR7362 LIVE, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Grenz
- Aix Marseille Univ., University of Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, Marseille, France
| | - Yoann Copard
- Univ. Rouen Normandie, Université Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, M2C UMR 6143, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Frédérique Eyrolle
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV, STAAR/LRTA, BP 3, 13115, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Richard Sempéré
- Aix Marseille Univ., University of Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, Marseille, France
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Li W, Kannan K. Screening for contamination levels of select organic environmental chemicals in medical supplies used for human specimen collection. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141528. [PMID: 38408569 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Trace-level analysis of environmental chemicals in human specimens can be compromised by contamination introduced during sample collection and storage. Sampling devices and tools can be a source of contamination by plasticizers, additives and antimicrobials, which warrants the need for pre-screening of these products prior to use. In this study, we determined leaching of 121 environmental chemicals in 10% and 100% methanol from 24 types of human specimen collection and storage devices. Cryovials, serum tubes, cups, syringes, transfer pipettes, and gloves -commonly used for the collection of blood, urine, breast milk and stools - were screened for the presence of plasticizers, environmental phenols, and pesticides. Measurable levels of mono-ethyl phthalate (mEP) and triethyl phosphate (TEP) were leached from vials, plastic storage bags, gloves, and diapers, and parabens were leached from collection bottles, at amounts exceeding 100 ng/device. The amount leached from the devices varied depending on the lot numbers of the same product type. Storage time and temperature were found to influence the leaching rate of chemicals, with increased levels observed following prolonged storage and at high temperatures. The study underscores the importance of pre-screening for contamination in devices used for collection and storage of human specimens for biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12237, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12237, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, 12237, United States.
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Estoppey N, Castro G, Slinde GA, Hansen CB, Løseth ME, Krahn KM, Demmer V, Svenni J, Tran TVAT, Asimakopoulos AG, Arp HPH, Cornelissen G. Exposure assessment of plastics, phthalate plasticizers and their transformation products in diverse bio-based fertilizers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170501. [PMID: 38307289 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Bio-based fertilizers (BBFs) produced from organic waste have the potential to reduce societal dependence on limited and energy-intensive mineral fertilizers. BBFs, thereby, contribute to a circular economy for fertilizers. However, BBFs can contain plastic fragments and hazardous additives such as phthalate plasticizers, which could constitute a risk for agricultural soils and the environment. This study assessed the exposure associated with plastic and phthalates in BBFs from three types of organic wastes: agricultural and food industry waste (AgriFoodInduWaste), sewage sludge (SewSludge), and biowaste (i.e., garden, park, food and kitchen waste). The wastes were associated with various treatments like drying, anaerobic digestion, and vermicomposting. The number of microplastics (0.045-5 mm) increased from AgriFoodInduWaste-BBFs (15-258 particles g-1), to SewSludge-BBFs (59-1456 particles g-1) and then to Biowaste-BBFs (828-2912 particles g-1). Biowaste-BBFs mostly contained packaging plastics (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate), with the mass of plastic (>10 g kg-1) exceeding the EU threshold (3 g kg-1, plastics >2 mm). Other BBFs mostly contained small (< 1 mm) non-packaging plastics in amounts below the EU limit. The calculated numbers of microplastics entering agricultural soils via BBF application was high (107-1010 microplastics ha-1y-1), but the mass of plastic released from AgriFoodInduWaste-BBFs and SewSludge-BBFs was limited (< 1 and <7 kg ha-1y-1) compared to Biowaste-BBFs (95-156 kg ha-1y-1). The concentrations of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP; < 2.5 mg kg-1) and phthalate transformation products (< 8 mg kg-1) were low (< benchmark of 50 mg kg-1 for DEHP), attributable to both the current phase-out of DEHP as well as phthalate degradation during waste treatment. The Biowaste-BBF exposed to vermicomposting indicated that worms accumulated phthalate transformation products (4 mg kg-1). These results are overall positive for the implementation of the studied AgriFoodInduWaste-BBFs and SewSludge-BBFs. However, the safe use of the studied Biowaste-BBFs requires reducing plastic use and improving sorting methods to minimize plastic contamination, in order to protect agricultural soils and reduce the environmental impact of Biowaste-BBFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Estoppey
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gabriela Castro
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7024 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute for Research in Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gøril Aasen Slinde
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline Berge Hansen
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Engvig Løseth
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Viona Demmer
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Svenni
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway; Department of Mechanical, Electrical and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, OsloMet, 0176 Oslo, Norway
| | - Teresa-Van-Anh Thi Tran
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway; Department of Mechanical, Electrical and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, OsloMet, 0176 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Hans Peter H Arp
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7024 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gerard Cornelissen
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway
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Lee S, Ye Q, Yang H, Lee S, Kim Y, Lee N, Gonzalez-Cox D, Yi DK, Kim SY, Choi S, Choi T, Kim MS, Hong SS, Choi CW, Lee Y, Park YH. Aiouea padiformis extract exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the ATPase activity of NLRP3. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5237. [PMID: 38433281 PMCID: PMC10909851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55651-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is implicated as a cause in many diseases. Most of the anti-inflammatory agents in use are synthetic and there is an unmet need for natural substance-derived anti-inflammatory agents with minimal side effects. Aiouea padiformis belongs to the Lauraceae family and is primarily found in tropical regions. While some members of the Aiouea genus are known to possess anti-inflammatory properties, the anti-inflammatory properties of Aiouea padiformis extract (AP) have not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory function of AP through the NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Treatment with AP inhibited the secretion of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome in J774A.1 and THP-1 cells without affecting the viability. In addition, AP treatment did not influence NF-κB signaling, potassium efflux, or intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production-all of which are associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation. However, intriguingly, AP treatment significantly reduced the ATPase activity of NLRP3, leading to the inhibition of ASC oligomerization and speck formation. Consistent with cellular experiments, the anti-inflammatory property of AP in vivo was also evaluated using an LPS-induced inflammation model in zebrafish, demonstrating that AP hinders NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Qianying Ye
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyun Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojung Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - YeJi Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahyun Lee
- Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Darwin Gonzalez-Cox
- Herbarium of National Autonomous University of Nicaragua at Leon, Leon, 21000, Nicaragua
| | - Dong-Keun Yi
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yong Kim
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Choi
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesoo Choi
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Man S Kim
- Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Su Hong
- Natural Product Research Team, Gyeonggi Bio-Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Whan Choi
- Natural Product Research Team, Gyeonggi Bio-Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoonsung Lee
- Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Hwan Park
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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Dalamaga M, Kounatidis D, Tsilingiris D, Vallianou NG, Karampela I, Psallida S, Papavassiliou AG. The Role of Endocrine Disruptors Bisphenols and Phthalates in Obesity: Current Evidence, Perspectives and Controversies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:675. [PMID: 38203845 PMCID: PMC10779569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight constitutes one of the major health challenges for societies and healthcare systems worldwide. Besides the type of diet, calorie intake and the lack of physical exercise, recent data have highlighted a possible association between endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as bisphenol A, phthalates and their analogs, and obesity. EDCs represent a heterogeneous group of chemicals that may influence the hormonal regulation of body mass and adipose tissue morphology. Based on the available data from mechanistic, animal and epidemiological studies including meta-analyses, the weight of evidence points towards the contribution of EDCs to the development of obesity, associated disorders and obesity-related adipose tissue dysfunction by (1) impacting adipogenesis; (2) modulating epigenetic pathways during development, enhancing susceptibility to obesity; (3) influencing neuroendocrine signals responsible for appetite and satiety; (4) promoting a proinflammatory milieu in adipose tissue and inducing a state of chronic subclinical inflammation; (5) dysregulating gut microbiome and immune homeostasis; and (6) inducing dysfunction in thermogenic adipose tissue. Critical periods of exposure to obesogenic EDCs are the prenatal, neonatal, pubertal and reproductive periods. Interestingly, EDCs even at low doses may promote epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult obesity in subsequent generations. The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence on the role of obesogenic EDCs, specifically BPA and phthalate plasticizers, in the development of obesity, taking into account in vitro, animal and epidemiologic studies; discuss mechanisms linking EDCs to obesity; analyze the effects of EDCs on obesity in critical chronic periods of exposure; and present interesting perspectives, challenges and preventive measures in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kounatidis
- Department of Internal Medicine, ‘Evangelismos’ General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (N.G.V.)
| | - Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Natalia G. Vallianou
- Department of Internal Medicine, ‘Evangelismos’ General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (N.G.V.)
| | - Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, ‘Attikon’ General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sotiria Psallida
- Department of Microbiology, ‘KAT’ General Hospital of Attica, 14561 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Shende N, Hippargi G, Gurjar S, Kumar AR, Rayalu S. Occurrence of phthalates in facemasks used in India and its implications for human exposure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:166-182. [PMID: 36242556 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2135691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers with additives are used in the manufacturing of face masks (FMs); hence, FMs could be a potential source of exposure to phthalic acid esters (PAEs). India stands second in the world in terms of the FMs usage since the beginning of Covid-19 pandemic. However, little is known about the PAEs content of FMs used in India. Some PAEs, such as DEHP and DBP are suspected endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs); hence, wearing FM may increase the risk of exposure to these EDCs. In this study, we collected 91 samples of FMs from eight Indian cities and analyzed for five PAEs viz. DMP, DEP, DBP, BBP, and DEHP. The PAEs contents in FMs ranged from 101.79 to 27,948.64 ng/g. The carcinogenic risk of N 95 with filter, N-95, and cloth masks was higher than the threshold levels. The findings indicate the need to control PAEs in FMs through regulatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Shende
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | | | - Suyog Gurjar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Asirvatham Ramesh Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sadhana Rayalu
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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9
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Liu W, Li X, Lv H, Liang C, Wang Q, Yao X, Dong C, Zhang W, Wang J, Zhu L, Wang J. Occurrence and health risk assessment of phthalates in a typical estuarine soil: A case study of the various functional areas of the Yellow River Delta. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166972. [PMID: 37699481 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the extensive distribution of phthalates (PAEs) in soils has attracted increasing attention. In this study, the concentrations of six types of PAEs were measured in five dissimilar regions of the Yellow River Delta (YRD), and regional differences, pollution characteristics and health risks of PAEs pollution were investigated. The detection rate of PAEs was 100 %, and the concentration range of Σ6PAEs was 0.709-9.565 mg/kg, with an average of 3.258 ± 2.031 mg/kg. There were different spatial distribution differences of PAEs in soils of the YRD, with residential living, chemical industrial, and crop growing areas being the main areas of PAEs distribution. It was worth noting that di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) are prominent contributors to PAEs in soils of the YRD. Correlation analyses showed that soils physicochemical properties such as SOM, TN and CEC were closely correlated to the transport and transformation of PAEs. Use by petrochemical industries, accumulation of plasticizers, additives (derived from cosmetics, food, pharmaceutical), fertilizers, pesticides, plastics, and atmospheric deposition are the principal sources of PAEs in the YRD. A health risk assessment showed that the health risk caused by non-dietary intake of PAEs was low and considered acceptable. PAEs pollution in the YRD soil is particularly noteworthy, especially for the prevention and control of DEHP and DBP pollution. This study provides basic data for an effective control of soil PAEs pollution in the YRD, which is conducive to the sustainable development of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrong Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xianxu Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Huijuan Lv
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Chunliu Liang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiangfeng Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Chang Dong
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Shandong Green and Blue Bio-technology Co. Ltd, Tai'an, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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10
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Karamianpour J, Arfaeinia H, Ranjbar Vakilabadi D, Ramavandi B, Dobaradaran S, Fazlzadeh M, Torkshavand Z, Banafshehafshan S, Shekarizadeh H, Ahmadi S, Badeenezhad A. Accumulation, sources, and health risks of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in road dust from heavily industrialized, urban and rural areas in southern Iran. Heliyon 2023; 9:e23129. [PMID: 38144273 PMCID: PMC10746467 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, a total of 51 road dust samples were collected from three districts (Asaluyeh, Bushehr, and Goshoui) in the south of Iran from April to June 2022 and analyzed for the concentration of 7 phthalic acid esters (PAEs) compounds. Asaluyeh was considered as an industrial area (near gas and petrochemical industries), Bushehr as an urban area, and Goshoui as a rural area (far from pollution sources). The PAEs concentration of the street dust samples was determined using a mass detection gas chromatography (GC/MS). The mean ± SD levels of ƩPAEs in samples from industrial, urban, and rural sources were 56.9 ± 11.5, 18.3 ± 9.64, and 5.68 ± 1.85 μg/g, respectively. The mean concentration levels of ƩPAEs was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in samples from the industrial area than urban and rural areas. The mean levels of di(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in industrial, urban, and rural areas were 20.3 ± 8.76, 4.59 ± 1.71, and 2.35 ± 0.98 μg/g, respectively. The results of the PCA analysis indicate that the likely major sources of PAEs in the road dust in the studied areas are the application of various plasticizers in industry, solvents, chemical fertilizers, waste disposal, wastewater (e.g., agricultural, domestic, and industrial), and the use of plastic films and plastic-based irrigation pipes in greenhouses. As well as, it was found that the non-cancer risk of exposure to dust-bound PAEs was higher for children than for adults. These values were <1 for both age groups (children and adults) and the exposure of inhabitants to PAEs in road dust did not pose a notable non-cancer risk. The cancer risk from exposure to DEHP in road dust was below the standard range of 10-6 in all three areas. Further studies that consider different routes of exposure to these contaminants are needed for an accurate risk assessment. Moreover, since higher PAEs level was found in industrial area, decision-makers should adopt strict strategies to control the discharging of pollution from industries to the environment and human societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Karamianpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hossein Arfaeinia
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Dariush Ranjbar Vakilabadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Bahman Ramavandi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mehdi Fazlzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Lung Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zahra Torkshavand
- Environmental and Occupational Health Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Sara Banafshehafshan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanyeh Shekarizadeh
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sami Ahmadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ahmad Badeenezhad
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Behbahan University of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
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11
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Freitas F, Cabrita MJ, da Silva MG. A Critical Review of Analytical Methods for the Quantification of Phthalates Esters in Two Important European Food Products: Olive Oil and Wine. Molecules 2023; 28:7628. [PMID: 38005350 PMCID: PMC10673500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are a class of chemicals widely used as plasticizers. These compounds, considered toxic, do not bond to the polymeric matrix of plastic and can, therefore, migrate into the surrounding environment, posing a risk to human health. The primary source of human exposure is food, which can become contaminated during cultivation, production, and packaging. Therefore, it is imperative to control and regulate this exposure. This review covers the analytical methods used for their determination in two economically significant products: olive oil and wine. Additionally, it provides a summary and analysis of information regarding the characteristics, toxicity, effects on human health, and current regulations pertaining to PAEs in food. Various approaches for the extraction, purification, and quantification of these analytes are highlighted. Solvent and sorbent-based extraction techniques are reviewed, as are the chromatographic separation and other methods currently applied in the analysis of PAEs in wines and olive oils. The analysis of these contaminants is challenging due to the complexities of the matrices and the widespread presence of PAEs in analytical laboratories, demanding the implementation of appropriate strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Freitas
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Maria João Cabrita
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Marco Gomes da Silva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
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12
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Le TM, Le Quang H, Tran AH, Quang MB, Vu ND, Thi HN, Khanh HV, Kannan K, Tran TM. Co-occurrence of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) in fine particulate matter (PM 0.5 and PM 0.1) collected from an industrial area in Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:117018. [PMID: 37657605 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Distribution patterns of 10 phthalic acid diesters (PAEs) and four cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) were investigated in fine particulate matter (PM0.1 and PM0.5) collected from Bac Ninh, an industrial province in Vietnam during September-October in 2021. Total concentrations of PAEs found in PM0.1 and PM0.5 were in the ranges of 1.76-372 (median: 34.0 ng/m3) and 2.23-895 ng/m3 (median: 15.4 ng/m3), respectively. Among PAEs, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) was the most abundant compound found in PM0.1, whereas, di-2-(ethyl)hexyl phthalate (DEHP) was measured at the highest concentration in PM0.5. Total concentrations of cVMSs measured in PM0.1 and PM0.5 were in the ranges of method quantification limit (MQL)-203 (median: 2.10 ng/m3) and MQL-537 ng/m3 (median: 0.389 ng/m3), respectively. Among cVMSs, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) was found at the highest concentration in both PM0.1 and PM0.5 fractions of particulate matter. The concentration ratios between PAEs and cVMSs in PM0.1/PM0.5 were greater than 1 (except di-n-octyl phthalate: DnOP), suggesting that these chemicals tend to sorb to PM0.1 more preferentially than PM0.5. Among sampling locations, high concentrations of PAEs and cVMSs were found at traffic intersections (Que Vo district) and a craft village (Tu Son city). Relatively stronger correlations existed between cVMSs pairs in PM0.1 and PM0.5 (correlation coefficient: 0.73-1) than those of PAEs (-0.83-0.90). The human exposure doses to PAEs and cVMSs through inhalation of particulate matter were estimated based on the measured concentrations in PM0.1 and PM0.5 fractions. The estimated exposure doses of PAEs and cVMSs for infants (7.1 ng/kg-bw/d and 2.5 ng/kg-bw/d) were higher than those for adults (2.6 ng/kg-bw/d and 0.9 ng/kg-bw/d).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Minh Le
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam; Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Huong Le Quang
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Anh Hai Tran
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Minh Bui Quang
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Nam Duc Vu
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Huong Nguyen Thi
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Hoa Vu Khanh
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | | | - Tri Manh Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam.
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13
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Krithivasan R, Miller GZ, Belliveau M, Gearhart J, Krishnamoorthi V, Lee S, Kannan K. Analysis of ortho-phthalates and other plasticizers in select organic and conventional foods in the United States. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:778-786. [PMID: 37726506 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ortho-phthalates and other plasticizers impart flexibility to plastics in food production, processing, and packaging; food consumption is a dominant plasticizer exposure pathway. Lower molecular weight ortho-phthalates are being replaced in plastic products due to toxicity concerns, but toxic hazards of and exposures to replacement ortho-phthalates and other plasticizers are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We measured 12 ortho-phthalates and 9 other plasticizers in conventional and organic U.S. food products to assess magnitude and profiles of contamination. METHODS We measured plasticizers in 34 vegetable oils, 10 milks, 18 infant formulas, and 9 cheese powders from macaroni kits using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We analyzed plastic packaging composition using FTIR spectroscopy. RESULTS We detected eight ortho-phthalates and three alternatives ((1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH), diethylhexyl terephthalate (DEHT), and diisobutyl adipate (DIBA). Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) was measured in all 71 products. DEHT had the highest concentration of any plasticizer (>10,000 ng/g in three oils). Oils had the highest total plasticizer (median = 770 ng/g, max = 14,900 ng/g) and milk the lowest (median = 88 ng/g, max = 120 ng/g). Organic milk and refined oils had higher median plasticizer levels than conventional. Refined oils had significantly lower concentrations than unrefined oils. Maximum contributors for every category were non-ortho-phthalates: DEHT (powdered infant formula and oils) and DIBA (cheese powder, milk and liquid formula). Plasticizers were not detected in packaging except epoxidized soybean oil in liquid formula lids. IMPACT STATEMENT Human exposure to plasticizers is a significant public health concern. Nevertheless, sources of such exposures are poorly characterized. This study adds valuable information for estimating legacy and alternative plasticizer exposures from foods. The method developed for measuring DINCH, DINP and DIDP broadens the range of plasticizers other researchers may analyze in future work. The profiles of plasticizer contamination varied depending on the food type. We also document that food processing may be a source of plasticizer contamination in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sunmi Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, 12201, USA
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14
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Thelliez A, Sumian C, Chazard E, Reichenberg S, Lecoeur M, Decaudin B. Migration of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, diisononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate and di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate from transfusion medical devices in labile blood products: A comparative study. Vox Sang 2023; 118:533-542. [PMID: 37246454 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plasticized with di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used material for medical transfusion devices. Not covalently bound to PVC, DEHP can migrate into blood products during storage. Recognized as an endocrine disruptor and raising concerns about its potential carcinogenicity and reprotoxicity, DEHP is gradually being withdrawn from the medical device market. Therefore, the use of alternative plasticizers, such as diisononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) and di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT), as potential candidates for the replacement of DEHP in medical transfusion devices has been investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quantity of PVC-plasticizers in the blood components according to their preparation, storage conditions and in function of the plasticizer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole blood was collected, and labile blood products (LBPs) were prepared by the buffy-coat method with a PVC blood bag plasticized either with DEHP, DINCH or DEHT. DINCH and DEHT equivalent concentrations were quantified in LBPs by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry or coupled with UV and compared to DEHP equivalent concentrations. RESULTS The plasticizer equivalent concentration to which a patient is exposed during a transfusion depends on the preparation of LBPs as well as their storage conditions, that is, temperature and storage time. At day 1, for all LBPs, the migration of DEHP is 5.0 and 8.5 times greater than DINCH and DEHT, respectively. At the end of the 49 days storage period, the DEHP equivalent concentration in red blood cells concentrate is statistically higher when compared to DINCH and DEHT, with maximal values of 1.85, 1.13 and 0.86 μg/dm2 /mL, respectively. CONCLUSION In addition to lower toxicity, transfused patients using PVC-DEHT or PVC-DINCH blood bags are less exposed to plasticizers than using PVC-DEHP bags with a ranging exposure reduction from 38.9% to 87.3%, due to lower leachability into blood components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Thelliez
- ULR 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Macopharma, Tourcoing, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Chazard
- ULR 2694-METRICS, CERIMS, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Marie Lecoeur
- ULR 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bertrand Decaudin
- ULR 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France
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15
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Chai X, Wen L, Song Y, He X, Yue J, Wu J, Chen X, Cai Z, Qi Z. DEHP exposure elevated cardiovascular risk in obese mice by disturbing the arachidonic acid metabolism of gut microbiota. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162615. [PMID: 36878288 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are one of the significant classes of emerging contaminants that are increasingly detected in environmental and human samples. Nevertheless, the current toxicity studies rarely report how PAEs affect the cardiovascular system, especially in obese individuals. In this study, diet-induced obese mice and corresponding normal mice were exposed to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) by oral gavage at environmentally relevant concentrations and key characteristics of cardiovascular risk were examined. The 16S rRNA and high-resolution mass spectrometry were used to investigate the alterations in the gut microbial profile and metabolic homeostasis. The results indicated that the cardiovascular system of fat individuals was more susceptible to DEHP exposure than mice in the lean group. 16S rRNA-based profiling and correlation analysis collectively suggested DEHP-induced gut microbial remodeling in fed a high-fat diet mice, represented by the abundance of the genus Faecalibaculum. Using metagenomic approaches, Faecalibaculum rodentium was identified as the top-ranked candidate bacterium. Additionally, metabolomics data revealed that DEHP exposure altered the gut metabolic homeostasis of arachidonic acid (AA), which is associated with adverse cardiovascular events. Finally, cultures of Faecalibaculum rodentium were treated with AA in vitro to verify the role of Faecalibaculum rodentium in altering AA metabolism. Our findings provide novel insights into DEHP exposure induced cardiovascular damage in obese individuals and suggest that AA could be used as a potential modulator of gut microbiota to prevent related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Chai
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Luyao Wen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaochong He
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingxian Yue
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan 528300, Guangdong, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Wang W, Kannan K. Leaching of Phthalates from Medical Supplies and Their Implications for Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7675-7683. [PMID: 37154399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 72 single-use medical products, grouped into four categories, namely, creams/liquids (n = 8), medical devices (n = 46; 15 of 46 labeled "di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)-free"), first aid products (n = 13), and intravenous (IV) infusion/irrigation fluids (n = 5), were collected from an intensive care unit in a hospital in New York State in 2015 and analyzed for the migration of 10 phthalates in ethanol/water (1:1) mixture for 1 h. The total phthalate concentration (Σphthalates) leached from medical products ranged from 0.04 to 54,600 μg. DEHP was the major phthalate found in 99% of the samples analyzed, with the highest amount leached from respiratory support devices (median: 6560 μg). DEHP was also found at notable concentrations in products labeled as "DEHP-free". Direct exposure to phthalates from the use of medical devices and first aid supplies and dermal intake from the use of creams/lotions were calculated. The highest DEHP exposure dose of 730 μg/kg bw/day was determined from the use of cannula for neonates. This is the first study to document the amount of phthalates leached from various medical supplies and associated exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, United States
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17
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Identification of Heavy Metals and Organic Micropollutants in Drinking Water Sources in Typical Villages and Towns in Northeast China. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228033. [PMID: 36432133 PMCID: PMC9693205 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study identified and detected the existence of major pollutants in northeast China. As an alpine region and an agricultural base, this region has representative significance in pollution research. We selected 56 samples from drinking water sources of typical villages and towns, focusing on the analysis of heavy metals and organic micropollutants in northeast China. The analysis results showed that Fe and Mn were the main metal elements exceeding the standard. The exceeding rates were 17.9% and 19.6%. Experiments showed that there were 19 kinds of pesticides, 6 kinds of OPEs, 2 kinds of PAEs, 22 kinds of PPCPs. The detection rate of these 49 kinds of organic micro-pollutants were 1.79~82.14%. The characteristics of organic pollution were extensive and varied. Many underground water samples had high level of micropollutants. The water quality parameters of drinking water sources in villages and towns showed close relation to local geological conditions and agricultural activities. Actions must be taken to control these parameters from the source of pollution.
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18
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Kumar R, Adhikari S, Driver E, Zevitz J, Halden RU. Application of wastewater-based epidemiology for estimating population-wide human exposure to phthalate esters, bisphenols, and terephthalic acid. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157616. [PMID: 35901875 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates, bisphenols (BPs), and terephthalic acid (TPA) are widely used plasticizers and monomers in plastic manufacturing. Most of them are known to have an adverse effect on the human body, functioning as endocrine disruptors and suspected carcinogens. Access to near real-time data on population exposure to plasticizers is essential for identifying vulnerable communities and better protecting and managing public health locally. The objective of the present study was to evaluate population-level exposure to phthalates, BPs, and TPA by measuring urinary metabolites in community wastewater. Composited community wastewater (24-h samples) from five sewer sub-catchments of a southwestern city within the United States were analyzed for urinary biomarkers of phthalates, BPs, and TPA using solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in conjunction with the isotope dilution method for absolute quantification. Ten of 16 analytes were detected at least once in community wastewater above the method detection limit (MDL), with MDLs ranging from 37 to 203 ng/L. The population normalized mass load of TPA was the highest, followed by the human metabolite of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Bisphenol S and monoethyl phthalate were detected with the highest frequency. Study findings suggest that analyzing municipal wastewater for chemical indicators of human exposure to plastic constituents is feasible, practicable, and informative, as long as appropriate steps are taken to determine, quantify and account for background levels of plastic analytes in the laboratory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Sangeet Adhikari
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 852\87, USA
| | - Erin Driver
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Jake Zevitz
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Rolf U Halden
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 852\87, USA; One Water One Health, Non-profit Project of Arizona State University Foundation, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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19
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Tran HT, Nguyen MK, Hoang HG, Hutchison JM, Vu CT. Composting and green technologies for remediation of phthalate (PAE)-contaminated soil: Current status and future perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135989. [PMID: 35988768 PMCID: PMC10052775 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are hazardous organic compounds that are widely added to plastics to enhance their flexibility, temperature, and acidic tolerance. The increase in global consumption and the corresponding environmental pollution of PAEs has caused broad public concerns. As most PAEs accumulate in soil due to their high hydrophobicity, composting is a robust remediation technology for PAE-contaminated soil (efficiency 25%-100%), where microbial activity plays an important role. This review summarized the roles of the microbial community, biodegradation pathways, and specific enzymes involved in the PAE degradation. Also, other green technologies, including biochar adsorption, bioaugmentation, and phytoremediation, for PAE degradation were also presented, compared, and discussed. Composting combined with these technologies significantly enhanced removal efficiency; yet, the properties and roles of each bacterial strain in the degradation, upscaling, and economic feasibility should be clarified in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Tuan Tran
- Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering Department, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
| | - Minh-Ky Nguyen
- Program in Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University of Ho Chi Minh City, Hamlet 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc Dist., Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Hong-Giang Hoang
- Faculty of Medicine, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa, Dong Nai 76100, Viet Nam
| | - Justin M Hutchison
- Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering Department, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Chi Thanh Vu
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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20
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Di-n-Butyl Phthalate and Its Monoester Metabolite Impairs Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis in Human Cells: Mechanistic In Vitro Studies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193029. [PMID: 36230992 PMCID: PMC9561974 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread environmental contaminant di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) has been linked with reduced testosterone levels and adverse reproductive health outcomes in men. However, the underlying mechanisms of these anti-androgenic effects and the potential effects on other classes of steroid hormones remain to be elucidated. Here, we conducted mechanistic studies in human adrenocortical H295R cells exposed to 1–500 µM of DBP or its metabolite, mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), for 48 h. Quantification of steroid hormones in the cell medium by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that both phthalates significantly decreased testosterone, androstenedione, corticosterone, and progesterone levels, in particular after dibutyryl-cyclic-AMP stimulation of steroidogenesis. Western blot analysis of key steroidogenic proteins showed that DBP induced a dose-dependent decrease of CYP11A1 and HSD3β2 levels, while MBP only significantly decreased CYP17A1 levels, indicating that the compounds affect early steps of the steroidogenesis differently. Both DBP and MBP exposure also lead to a dose-related decrease in HSD17β3, the enzyme which catalyzes the final step in the testosterone biosynthesis pathway, although these effects were not statistically significant. Interestingly, DBP increased the cortisol concentration, which may be due to the non-significant CYP11B1 increase in DBP-exposed cells. In contrast, MBP decreased cortisol concentration. Moreover, the analysis of superoxide generation and quantification of the protein oxidation marker nitrotyrosine demonstrated that DBP induced oxidative stress in H295R cells while MBP reduced protein nitrotyrosine levels. These findings confirm the anti-androgenic effects of DBP and MBP and reveal several differences in their toxicological mechanisms, with possible implications for future research on phthalate toxicity.
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21
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Ma J, Lu Y, Teng Y, Tan C, Ren W, Cao X. Occurrence and health risk assessment of phthalate esters in tobacco and soils in tobacco-producing areas of Guizhou province, southwest China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135193. [PMID: 35679984 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flue-cured tobacco is one of the important sources of national economy in China. However, Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are ubiquitous contaminants in the cultivation and growth management of flue-cured tobacco, and attracting more and more attention. Here, six priority PAEs were detected in tobacco and soils and their residue characteristics, pollution sources were analyzed, and their exposure risks to the health of farmers were assessed. The concentration of six total PAEs ranged from 0.78 to 4.79 mg/kg in tobacco with the average of 1.75 mg/kg, and 0.84-25.68 mg/kg in soils with the average of 5.40 mg/kg. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) had the highest detection frequency (DF = 100%) both in soil and tobacco samples. DEHP was the most abundant of the total PAEs in soil and tobacco samples, with the mean contribution values of 71.0% and 58.8%, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicates that the major sources of PAEs in the tobacco-soil system were plastic films, fertilizers and pesticides. Health risk assessment suggests that the non-cancer hazard indexes (NCHI) of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), DBP and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) in all samples for farmers were at acceptable levels (NCHI < 1), and the average carcinogenic hazard indexes (CHI) of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) and DEHP for farmers were 3.79 × 10-13 and 8.54 × 10-11 in soils, respectively, 8.23 × 10-13 and 1.95 × 10-11 in tobacco, respectively, which were considered to be very low level (CHI < 10-6). This study provides data on PAEs in tobacco and soils and their health risks which may provide valuable information to aid the management of tobacco cultivation and risk avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; College of Materials and Chemistry, Tongren University, Tongren, 554300, China.
| | - Yingang Lu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ying Teng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Changyin Tan
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Wenjie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xueying Cao
- Rural Vitalization Research Institute, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
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22
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Le TM, Thi Pham CL, Nu Nguyen HM, Duong TT, Quynh Le TP, Nguyen DT, Vu ND, Minh TB, Tran TM. Distribution and ecological risk assessment of phthalic acid esters in surface sediments of three rivers in Northern Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112843. [PMID: 35101399 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pollution status and distribution characteristics of ten typical phthalic acid esters (PAEs) were investigated in 36 sediment samples collected from three rivers in Northern Vietnam from June to October 2020. The total concentrations of PAEs in sediment samples collected from the To Lich River (n = 9), the Nhue River (n = 12), and the Day River (n = 15) were in ranges of 11,000-125,000 ng/g-dwt (mean/median: 50,000/42,200 ng/g-dwt), 2140-89,900 ng/g-dwt (mean/median: 29,300/20,700 ng/g-dwt), and 1140-43,100 ng/g-dwt (mean/median: 13,800/10,400 ng/g-dwt), respectively. Among ten PAEs studied, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was found at the highest levels in all samples meanwhile dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and dipropyl phthalate (DPP) were detected at low frequency and concentration. Significant correlations have existed between the median-chain (C4-C7) PAE pairs in sediment samples. Due to the high accumulation in the sediments, the median-chain PAEs had a higher ecological risk than the short-chain (C1-C3) PAEs. These contaminants may present a longstanding influence on organisms and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Minh Le
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Chi Linh Thi Pham
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ha My Nu Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Ha Tinh University, Cam Vinh commune, Cam Xuyen District, Ha Tinh, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Thuy Duong
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Thi Phuong Quynh Le
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dong Thanh Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nam Duc Vu
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tri Manh Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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23
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Development, Validation and Application of an Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) Method after QuEChERS Cleanup for Selected Dichloroanilines and Phthalates in Rice Samples. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101482. [PMID: 35627051 PMCID: PMC9140621 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dichloroanilines and phthalic acid esters (phthalates) are food contaminants, stable in solution even at high temperatures, which exhibit considerable toxic effects, while acting as endocrine disruptors. In the present study, a quick and easy UHPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneously analyzing two dichloroanilines (3,4-DCA and 3,5-DCA) and six phthalates (DMP, DnBP, BBP, DnOP, DEHP, and mBP) in commercial rice samples was developed, validated, and applied. For the cleanup process, the methodology of quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) was applied, whereas different dispersants (GCB, C18, and PSA) were tested. What was developed and presented had limits of detection ranging from 0.017 up to 0.12 mg/kg, recoveries (trueness) below 120%, and relative standard deviations (RSD; precision) <15% for all target analytes, whilst no significant matrix effects occurred for all analytes. It was determined that the rice samples analyzed using this developed technique did not contain any of the two dichloroaniline compounds (3,4-DCA and 3,5-DCA) nor two of the six phthalate (DMP and mBP) compounds analyzed, while the levels of other phthalates (DEHP, BBP, DnBP and DnOP) were within the legal limits. The current method ensures a fast and easy approach for the high-throughput quantification of the selected food contaminants in rice.
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24
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A CRITICAL REVIEW ON EXTRACTION AND ANALYTICAL METHODS OF PHTHALATES IN WATER AND BEVERAGES. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1675:463175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Yoon H, Kim TH, Lee BC, Lee B, Kim P, Shin BS, Choi J. Comparison of the exposure assessment of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate between the PBPK model-based reverse dosimetry and scenario-based analysis: A Korean general population study. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133549. [PMID: 35066077 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), classified as a reproductive toxicant, is a ubiquitous pollutant in foodstuffs, dust, and commercial products. In this study, to provide a useful cross-check on the accuracy of the exposure assessment, the estimated daily intake of DEHP was compared using reverse dosimetry with a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model and a scenario-based probabilistic estimation model for six subpopulations in Korea. For reverse dosimetry analysis, the concentrations of urinary DEHP metabolites, namely mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate (MEOHP), from three human biomonitoring program datasets were used. For the scenario-based model, we evaluated the various exposure sources of DEHP, including diet, air, indoor dust, soil, and personal care products (PCPs), and also determined its levels based on the literature review and measurements of indoor dust. The DEHP exposure doses using both exposure assessment approaches were similar in all cases, except for the 95th percentile exposure doses in toddlers (1-2 years) and young children (3-6 years). The PBPK-reverse dosimetry estimated daily intakes at the 95th percentile ranged between 22.53 and 29.90 μg/kg/day for toddlers and young children. These exceeded the reference dose (RfD) of 20 μg/kg bw/day of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) based on the increased relative liver weight. Although, food was considered the primary source of DEHP, contributing to a total exposure of 50.8-75.1%, the effect of exposure to indoor dust should not be overlooked. The occurrence of high levels of DEHP in indoor dust collected from Korean homes suggests the use of a wide variety of consumer products containing DEHP. Furthermore, more attention should be paid to the high exposure levels of DEHP, especially in young children. Therefore, it is necessary to perform continuous monitoring of the indoor dust, consumer products, and the body burden of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojung Yoon
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea; School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Cheun Lee
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongwoo Lee
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilje Kim
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Soo Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Ji-Cai F, Hua-Li HE, Shao-Ying L, Ren R, Shu-Ting W. Investigation of Pesticide Residues in Fragaria and Myrica rubra Sold in Hangzhou. J Food Prot 2022; 85:534-538. [PMID: 34882199 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study investigated the concentration of the pesticide residues found in Fragaria and Myrica rubra sold in the city of Hangzhou, People's Republic of China. From an analysis of 151 (77 Fragaria and 74 M. rubra) samples using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), 41 pesticide residues were found to be present. Of the 41 residues, 14 were found using GC-MS/MS and 27 were found using LC-MS/MS. Of the 151 samples, 10 (13.0%) of the 77 Fragaria samples and 5 (6.8%) of the 74 M. rubra samples were found to contain a specific pesticide residue, and only 4 Fragaria samples and 2 M. rubra samples were found to be without pesticide residue. In addition, 18 of the 41 pesticides were not detected in either Fragaria or M. rubra samples. Of the 41 residues, 10 were detected in Fragaria samples and 20 were detected in M. rubra samples. In Fragaria, procymidone was the most commonly detected residue, with a detection rate of 88.3%, followed by prochloraz, with a detection rate of 53.2%. In M. rubra, prochloraz was the most commonly detected residue, with a detection rate of 71.6%, followed by carbendazim, with a detection rate of 68.9%. The pesticide residues in some samples exceeded the maximum residue limit set in China. The limit of dimethomorph was exceeded in three of the Fragaria samples, and that of dichlorvos was exceeded in two of the M. rubra samples. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ji-Cai
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - H E Hua-Li
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Shao-Ying
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren Ren
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Shu-Ting
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Application of a Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Method Based on a Natural Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent for the Extraction of Plastic Migrants from Kombuchas. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010178. [PMID: 35011411 PMCID: PMC8746289 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction, based on a natural hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent made from the monoterpene thymol and octanoic fatty acid, was employed for the analysis of 11 phthalate esters and one adipate in kombucha (a tea-based fermented beverage). Separation and determination were performed using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system coupled to a single quadrupole mass spectrometer. Confirmatory analyses were carried out through UHPLC tandem mass spectrometry. The full method was validated in terms of matrix effect, matrix-matched calibration, sensitivity, recovery, limits of detection and quantification and repeatability. Satisfactory determination coefficients for quadratic calibration curves (≥0.9938), recovery values (67–120%) and limits of detection (0.07–5.45 µg/L) were obtained. Analysis of 26 kombucha samples reported concentrations for dibutyl phthalate and dimethyl phthalate in the range between the limit of quantification (LOQ) and 16.18 ± 1.14 µg/L, although these phthalates were also detected under the LOQ in some of the analyzed samples. Only one of the samples bottled in plastic containers (7) did not present residues while only five of the 19 samples in glass bottles contained any plasticizer. However, the highest concentration was found in a kombucha bottled in food-grade glass. This work represents the first application in which phthalates and adipates are analyzed in kombuchas.
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Kamaraj Y, Jayathandar RS, Dhayalan S, Subramaniyan S, Punamalai G. Biodegradation of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate by novel Rhodococcus sp. PFS1 strain isolated from paddy field soil. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:21. [PMID: 34910254 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) is the phthalate ester frequently utilized as a plasticizer, commonly found in cosmetics, packaging materials; moreover, it has carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on humans. In the current study, we isolated the soil bacterium Rhodococcus sp. PFS1 and to assess its DEHP degradation ability in various environmental conditions. The strain PFS1 was isolated from paddy field soil and identified by the 16S rRNA sequencing analyses. The strain PFS1 was examined for its biodegradation ability of DEHP at various pH, temperature, salt concentration, glucose concentration, and high and low concentrations of DEHP. Moreover, the biodegradation of DEHP at a contaminated soil environment by strain PFS1 was assessed. Further, the metabolic pathway of DEHP degradation by PFS1 was analyzed by HPLC-MS analysis. The results showed that the strain PFS1 effectively degraded the DEHP at neutral pH and temperature 30 °C; moreover, expressed excellent DEHP degradation at the high salt concentration (up to 50 g/L). The strain PFS1 was efficiently degraded the different tested phthalate esters (PAEs) up to 90%, significantly removed the DEHP contamination in soil along with native organisms which are present in soil up to 94.66%; nevertheless, the PFS1 alone degraded the DEHP up to 87.665% in sterilized soil. According to HPLC-MS analysis, DEHP was degraded into phthalate (PA) by PFS1 strain via mono(2-ethylehxyl) phthalate (MEHP); then PA was utilized for cell growth. These results suggest that Rhodococcus sp. PFS1 has excellent potential to degrade DEHP at various environmental conditions especially in contaminated paddy field soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoganathan Kamaraj
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, 608002, India
| | - Rajesh Singh Jayathandar
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajah Serfoji Government College, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, 613005, India
| | - Sangeetha Dhayalan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, 608002, India
| | - Satheeshkumar Subramaniyan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, 608002, India
| | - Ganesh Punamalai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, 608002, India.
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29
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Yan Y, Qu Y, Du R, Zhou W, Gao H, Lu R. Colorimetric assay based on arginine-functionalized gold nanoparticles for the detection of dibutyl phthalate in Baijiu samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5179-5186. [PMID: 34672311 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a simple and innovative colorimetric method is established, which is based on DBP-induced aggregation of arginine functionalized gold nanoparticles (ARG-AuNPs), and can be used for the sensitive determination of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in Baijiu samples. The morphological characteristics and the color changes of ARG-AuNPs caused by aggregation show good sensitivity, and can be observed through ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential technology. The color change of ARG-AuNPs from red to blue is due to the strong non-covalent interactions between DBP and ARG-AuNPs (electrostatic, van der Waals force and hydrogen bonding), which leads to the reduction of the electrostatic repulsion between the nanoparticles and aggregation. A two-stage linear equation was established between the absorption ratio (A690/A530) and the DBP concentration (0.0-2.8 mg L-1); the correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.9914-0.9940, and the detection limit (LOD) was estimated at 0.05 mg L-1. The designed ARG-AuNPs acting as a dependable sensor for the detection of Baijiu samples equally acquired satisfactory recoveries. When the concentration of DBP in the solution is more than 1.0 mg L-1, the color change can be clearly observed by the naked eye; so there is no need for sample preparation techniques and tedious operations to quickly and semi-quantitatively detect DBP. The successful application of the proposed method in Baijiu samples indicates its potential to detect DBP in more complex environment samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Yan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yuan Qu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Rui Du
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wenfeng Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Haixiang Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Runhua Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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Occurrence of Phthalates in Bottled Drinks in the Chinese Market and Its Implications for Dietary Exposure. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196054. [PMID: 34641597 PMCID: PMC8511988 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitous occurrences of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) or phthalates in a variety of consumer products have been demonstrated. Nevertheless, studies on their occurrence in various types of bottled drinks are limited. In this study, fifteen PAEs were analyzed in six categories of bottled drinks (n = 105) collected from the Chinese market, including mineral water, tea drinks, energy drinks, juice drinks, soft drinks, and beer. Among the 15 PAEs measured, DEHP was the most abundant phthalate with concentrations ranging from below the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 41,000 ng/L at a detection rate (DR) of 96%, followed by DIBP (DR: 88%) and DBP (DR: 84%) with respective concentration ranges of below LOQ to 16,000 and to 4900 ng/L. At least one PAE was detected in each drink sample, and the sum concentrations of 15 PAEs ranged from 770 to 48,004 ng/L (median: 6286 ng/L). Significant differences with respect to both PAE concentrations and composition profiles were observed between different types of bottled drinks. The median sum concentration of 15 PAEs in soft drinks was over five times higher than that detected in mineral water; different from other drink types. Besides DEHP, DBIP, and DBP, a high concentration of BMEP was also detected in a tea drink. The estimated daily dietary intake of phthalates (EDIdrink) through the consumption of bottled drinks was calculated based on the concentrations measured and the daily ingestion rates of bottled drink items. The EDIdrink values for DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, BMEP, DAP, BEEP, BBP, DCP, DHP, BMPP, BBEP, DEHP, DOP, and DNP through the consumption of bottled mineral water (based on mean concentrations) were 0.45, 0.33, 12.5, 3.67, 2.10, 0.06, 0.32, 0.16, 0.10, 0.09, 0.05, 0.81, 112, 0.13, and 0.20 ng/kg-bw/d, respectively, for Chinese adults. Overall, the EDIdrink values calculated for phthalates through the consumption of bottled drinks were below the oral reference doses suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA).
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Le TM, Nguyen HMN, Nguyen VK, Nguyen AV, Vu ND, Yen NTH, Hoang AQ, Minh TB, Kannan K, Tran TM. Profiles of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in bottled water, tap water, lake water, and wastewater samples collected from Hanoi, Vietnam. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147831. [PMID: 34034168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Contamination levels and distribution patterns of ten typical phthalic acid esters (PAEs) were investigated in various types of water samples collected from Hanoi metropolitan area in Vietnam. Concentrations of 10 PAEs in bottled water, tap water, lake water, and wastewater samples were measured in the ranges of 1640-15,700 ng/L (mean/median: 6400/5820 ng/L), 2100-18,000 ng/L (mean/median: 11,200/9270 ng/L), 19,600-127,000 ng/L (mean/median: 51,800/49,300 ng/L), and 20,700-405,000 ng/L (mean/median: 121,000/115,000 ng/L), respectively. Among PAEs, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) accounted for a major proportion of total concentrations (45%) in wastewater, followed by diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP, 10.3%), and dibutyl phthalate (DBP, 9.53%). Concentrations of PAEs in wastewater decreased significantly with distance from the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Concentrations of PAEs in surface water samples did not vary greatly between locations. PAEs were found in bottled water in the following order: DBP (22.4%), DiBP (22.3%), benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP, 20.1%), and DEHP (15.5%). The estimated mean exposure doses of 10 PAEs through consumption of drinking water for adults and children in Vietnam were 254 and 256 ng/kg-bw/day, respectively. Capsule: Highest concentrations of PAEs were measured in wastewater, followed by lake water, tap water, and bottled water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Minh Le
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam; Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Ha My Nu Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam; Ha Tinh University, Cam Vinh Commune, Cam Xuyen District, Ha Tinh 45000, Viet Nam
| | - Vy Khanh Nguyen
- Chemistry Department, The College of Wooster, 1189 Beall Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Anh Viet Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Nam Duc Vu
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hong Yen
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin streat, Ha Ba Trung, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Anh Quoc Hoang
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tri Manh Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam.
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32
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Hou H, Min Y, Liu X, Wang P, Zhou Z, Liu D. Occurrence and migration of phthalates in adhesive materials to fruits and vegetables. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126277. [PMID: 34118542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Labels or tapes are widely used on fresh fruits and vegetables, which may contain phthalates (PAEs). There are few studies on the contamination pathway of PAEs from labels or tapes to food stuff. In this study, the concentrations of eleven PAEs in adhesive labels, tapes, labeled fruits and vegetables on the market were investigated. The eleven PAEs were detected with the total concentration of 7.44-30.51 mg/m2 in labels and tapes. Diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DIBP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) had the highest detection frequency in adhesive material samples. The concentrations of PAEs in labeled fruits were higher than that in unlabeled fruits, especially in the peel, indicating PAEs could transfer from labels or tapes to fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, the migration behaviors of PAEs from labels or tapes to apples, avocados and celery were investigated. It was found that the PAEs could penetrate to apple and avocado pulp through the peel, resulting in the residue of the PAEs in the whole fruit. Unlike apple peel, the thick avocado peel was more difficultly penetrated by the PAEs. Due to the high lipid content, the PAEs distributed more evenly in avocado pulp than in apple pulp. The migrations up to a maximum of 4.16 mg/kg were found for butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) in avocado peel and up to a maximum of 0.188 mg/kg in avocado pulp. The average migration of the PAEs in celery ranged from 0.3 to 26.1 μg/kg in three days and the low migration might result from the rough surface and less contacting area. These findings suggest that the use of labels or tapes in direct contact may increase the risk of PAEs exposure to humans through fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Hou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health. Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yihao Min
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health. Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xueke Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health. Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health. Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health. Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health. Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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33
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Poitou K, Rogez-Florent T, Lecoeur M, Danel C, Regnault R, Vérité P, Monteil C, Foulon C. Analysis of Phthalates and Alternative Plasticizers in Gloves by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography-UV Detection: A Comparative Study. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9090200. [PMID: 34564351 PMCID: PMC8472278 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9090200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gloves represent an essential feature for hand protection because it is a requirement in the professional framework to comply with both hand hygiene standards and the principles of good laboratory practice. Despite their wide use, there is a knowledge gap regarding their composition, including phthalates. The purpose of the present study was to develop two orthogonal methods, GC–MS and HPLC–DAD, for the screening of plasticizers in gloves. Performances of these two methods were compared in terms of ease of use, number of analyzed plasticizers, and sample preparation. The two methods were validated and applied for the identification and quantification of plasticizers in ten gloves made with different materials (vinyl, nitrile, latex, and neoprene). Results revealed the presence of three main ones: DEHP, DEHT, and DINP. Additionally, the contents of plasticizers were extremely variable, depending on the glove material. As expected, the results point out a predominant use of plasticizers in vinyl gloves with an amount that should be of concern. While DEHP is classified as a toxic substance for reproduction 1B, it was, however, quantified in the ten different glove samples studied. This study provides new data regarding the plasticizers’ content in protective gloves, which could be useful for risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Poitou
- Normandie Univ UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 76000 Rouen, France; (K.P.); (P.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Tiphaine Rogez-Florent
- Normandie Univ UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 76000 Rouen, France; (K.P.); (P.V.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-235-148-568
| | - Marie Lecoeur
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, 59000 Lille, France; (M.L.); (C.D.); (R.R.); (C.F.)
| | - Cécile Danel
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, 59000 Lille, France; (M.L.); (C.D.); (R.R.); (C.F.)
| | - Romain Regnault
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, 59000 Lille, France; (M.L.); (C.D.); (R.R.); (C.F.)
| | - Philippe Vérité
- Normandie Univ UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 76000 Rouen, France; (K.P.); (P.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Christelle Monteil
- Normandie Univ UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 76000 Rouen, France; (K.P.); (P.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Catherine Foulon
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, 59000 Lille, France; (M.L.); (C.D.); (R.R.); (C.F.)
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34
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Huang L, Zhu X, Zhou S, Cheng Z, Shi K, Zhang C, Shao H. Phthalic Acid Esters: Natural Sources and Biological Activities. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13070495. [PMID: 34357967 PMCID: PMC8310026 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are a class of lipophilic chemicals widely used as plasticizers and additives to improve various products' mechanical extensibility and flexibility. At present, synthesized PAEs, which are considered to cause potential hazards to ecosystem functioning and public health, have been easily detected in the atmosphere, water, soil, and sediments; PAEs are also frequently discovered in plant and microorganism sources, suggesting the possibility that they might be biosynthesized in nature. In this review, we summarize that PAEs have not only been identified in the organic solvent extracts, root exudates, and essential oils of a large number of different plant species, but also isolated and purified from various algae, bacteria, and fungi. Dominant PAEs identified from natural sources generally include di-n-butyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, diisooctyl phthalate, etc. Further studies reveal that PAEs can be biosynthesized by at least several algae. PAEs are reported to possess allelopathic, antimicrobial, insecticidal, and other biological activities, which might enhance the competitiveness of plants, algae, and microorganisms to better accommodate biotic and abiotic stress. These findings suggest that PAEs should not be treated solely as a "human-made pollutant" simply because they have been extensively synthesized and utilized; on the other hand, synthesized PAEs entering the ecosystem might disrupt the metabolic process of certain plant, algal, and microbial communities. Therefore, further studies are required to elucidate the relevant mechanisms and ecological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.H.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (K.S.)
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xunzhi Zhu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Shixing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.H.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (K.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenrui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.H.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Kai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.H.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (K.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Hua Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.H.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (K.S.)
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (H.S.)
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35
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Luís C, Algarra M, Câmara JS, Perestrelo R. Comprehensive Insight from Phthalates Occurrence: From Health Outcomes to Emerging Analytical Approaches. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9070157. [PMID: 34357900 PMCID: PMC8309855 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9070157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are a group of chemicals used in a multitude of important industrial products (e.g., medical devices, children's toys, and food packages), mainly as plasticizers to improve mechanical properties such as flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The wide occurrence of phthalates in many consumer products, including foods (e.g., bottled water, soft drinks, wine, milk, and meat) brings that most people are exposed to phthalates every day, which raises some concerns. Adverse health outcomes from phthalates exposure have been associated with endocrine disruption, deformities in the human reproductive system, increased risk of preterm birth, carcinogen exposure, among others. Apprehension related to the health risks and ubiquitous incidence of phthalates in foods inspires the development of reliable analytical approaches that allow their detection and quantification at trace levels. The purpose of the current review is to provide information related to the presence of phthalates in the food chain, highlighting the health risks associated with their exposure. Moreover, an overview of emerging extraction procedures and high-resolution analytical approaches for a comprehensive quantification of phthalates is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Luís
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (C.L.); (J.S.C.)
- Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Unidade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Manuel Algarra
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Campus de Teatinos s/n, University of Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain;
| | - José S. Câmara
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (C.L.); (J.S.C.)
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Engenharia, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (C.L.); (J.S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-291-705-224
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36
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Xu Z, Zhao C, Sun W, Lei W, Hu Z. An efficient and general method for the synthesis of stable isotope deuterium labeled phthalate esters. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2021; 64:378-384. [PMID: 34155672 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and general synthetic route of deuterium-labeled phthalate esters is described with high isotopic enrichment and excellent chemical purities using inexpensive and readily available o-xylene-D10 as labeled starting material. The structures and isotope-abundance were confirmed via 1 H NMR and mass spectrometry. These deuterium labeled phthalate esters can be used as analytical reference standards for the detection of plasticizer residues in soil, water, food, plastic products, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.,Research and Development Center, Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry CO., LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Research and Development Center, Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry CO., LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Research and Development Center, Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry CO., LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Lei
- Research and Development Center, Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry CO., LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuming Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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37
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Poma G, Fujii Y, Lievens S, Bombeke J, Gao B, Jeong Y, McGrath TJ, Covaci A. Occurrence, patterns, and sources of hazardous organic chemicals in edible insects and insect-based food from the Japanese market. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112311. [PMID: 34082048 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to the growth of the world's population, edible insects have been considered a valuable alternative food source for humans. Japan has a long-lasting traditional culture of eating wild insects, a practice that has recently evolved towards farming and selling reared edible insects. In this study, we investigated the contamination loads, profiles, and possible sources of organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs), plasticizers, and selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in insect foods available on the Japanese market. Medians of selected POPs in the dataset were up to 1.3 ng/g lw, while medians of PFRs and plasticizers were 12 and 486 ng/g ww, respectively. CB-153, p,p'-DDE, BDE-47, tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)-phosphate (TCIPP), and bis(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) were the dominant compounds in the analyzed samples, a pattern comparable to previous investigations on organic chemicals in edible insects. Our overall results suggest that POPs were likely accumulated by the insects during rearing or from the wild environment, while PFRs and plasticizers derived from post-harvesting industrial handling and seasoning. Differences in pollution patterns and the absence of correlations between PFR and plasticizer loads in insects and in food packaging suggest that the transfer of contaminants from food contact materials is not a main source of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Poma
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Yukiko Fujii
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium; Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
| | - Siebe Lievens
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M(2)S), Faculty of Engineering Technology, Lab4Food, Campus Geel, 2440, Geel, Belgium
| | - Jasper Bombeke
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yunsun Jeong
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Thomas Jacob McGrath
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Wang C, Huang P, Qiu C, Li J, Hu S, Sun L, Bai Y, Gao F, Li C, Liu N, Wang D, Wang S. Occurrence, migration and health risk of phthalates in tap water, barreled water and bottled water in Tianjin, China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124891. [PMID: 33360700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the occurrence, migration and health risk of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in tap water, barreled water and bottled water in Tianjin, China. Six priority controlled PAEs were measured, among which the detection frequency of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was 100%, while the others were not detected. The concentration of DEHP was higher than BBP and DBP in all the samples. The initial ∑3PAEs concentrations in tap water, barreled water and bottled water were 2.409 ± 0.391 μg/L, 1.495 ± 0.213 μg/L and 1.963 ± 0.160 μg/L, respectively. Boiling tap water could reduce the PAEs content to an extent, but they increased significantly in hot tap water contacting with disposable plastic cups. The migration of PAEs in barreled water and bottled water were positively correlated with storage time and temperature, which could be described by exponential models. The hazard indexes of PAEs in different types of drinking water were very low. However, the human carcinogenic risks of DEHP will reach the maximum acceptable risk level of 10-6 when bottled water is stored for 8.8 days at 40 °C, 7.7 days at 50 °C, or 6.1 days at 60 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Panpan Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Chunsheng Qiu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Jing Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Shuailong Hu
- China design Digital Technology Co., LTD, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Liping Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yaohui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Fu Gao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Chaocan Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Shaopo Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
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Zhu YT, Yuan YZ, Feng QP, Hu MY, Li WJ, Wu X, Xiang SY, Yu SQ. Food emulsifier polysorbate 80 promotes the intestinal absorption of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate by disturbing intestinal barrier. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 414:115411. [PMID: 33476678 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Di-2-ethylhexyl phosphate (DEHP) and its main toxic metabolite mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) are the typical endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and widely affect human health. Our previous research reported that synthetic nonionic dietary emulsifier polysorbate 80 (P80, E433) had the promotional effect on the oral absorption of DEHP in rats. The aim of this study was to explore its mechanism of promoting oral absorption, focusing on the mucus barrier and mucosal barrier of the small intestine. A small molecule fluorescent probe 5-aminofluorescein-MEHP (MEHP-AF) was used as a tracker of MEHP in vivo and in vitro. First of all, we verified that P80 promoted the bioavailability of MEHP-AF in the long-term and low-dose exposure of MEHP-AF with P80 as a result of increasing the intestinal absorption of MEHP-AF. Afterwards, experimental results from Western blot, qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence showed that P80 decreased the expression of proteins (mucus protein mucin-2, tight junction proteins claudin-1 and occludin) related to mucus barrier and mucosal barrier in the intestine, changed the integrity of intestinal epithelial cell, and increased the permeability of intestinal epithelial mucosa. These results indicated that P80 promoted the oral absorption of MEHP-AF by altering the intestinal mucus barrier and mucosal barrier. These findings are of great importance for assessing the safety risks of some food emulsifiers and clarifying the absorption mechanism of chemical pollutants in food, especially for EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhen Yuan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Ping Feng
- College of Food Sciences and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yuan Hu
- College of Food Sciences and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Li
- College of Food Sciences and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Yun Xiang
- College of Food Sciences and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shu-Qin Yu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Sustainable polypyrrole-based magnetic-microextraction of phthalates from jellies and apple-based beverages prior to tandem mass spectrometry analysis. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1637:461858. [PMID: 33422793 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Synthesised polypyrrole-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles have been successfully characterised and applied as sorbent for the magnetic-micro-dispersive solid-phase extraction of eleven phthalic acid esters from jelly and apple-based beverage matrices widely consumed by the population and, especially, by children. Sorbent was synthesised through chemical coprecipitation and subsequently characterised by different techniques. The influence of several parameters on the extraction efficiency was exhaustively evaluated using a step-by-step strategy. The separation and quantification of the selected phthalates were performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The validation of the methodology was carried out for jellies and apple-based beverages, employing dihexyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 as the surrogate standard. Relative recovery values were in the range 70-114% for both matrices and relative standard deviations below 20% were obtained. The limits of quantification of the method were found in the range 0.147-0.416 µg/L. Feasibility of the developed methodology was proved by the analysis of commercialised jelly and apple-based beverage products.
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41
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Li B, Zhao ZB, Thapa S, Sun SJ, Ma LX, Geng JL, Wang K, Qi H. Occurrence, distribution and human exposure of phthalic esters in road dust samples across China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110222. [PMID: 32946888 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
203 road dust samples were conducted across China covering 28 provinces from January to February,2016 to comprehensively investigates the occurrence, distribution and human exposure of 21 phthalic esters (PAEs). The concentration of Σ21PAEs in road dust ranged from 2.3 to 531 mg/kg, with a mean concentration of 64.1 ± 57.2 mg/kg. DEHP, DnBP and DiBP were the dominant components accounting for 63.3-97.9% (mean: 92.1%) of the Σ21PAEs. Significant Pearson correlation (r = 0.51, p < 0.0001) between Σ21PAEs concentrations and longitude demonstrated a distinguished geographical trend. Higher concentration of PAEs in sidewalk (SW) and trunk road (TR) may reflect influence of human activities such as shoe wear and traffic load. Significant differences were found among different human activities area (urban commercial, urban residential, and suburbs/rural). For total daily intake of Ʃ21PAEs via street dust, children had the highest exposure risk followed by teenagers and adults with the median values of 160.8, 43.6, and 37.7 ng/kg-bw/day, respectively. The maximum exposure risk of PAEs calculated based on measurement and simulation were all far below reference values. The sensitivity analysis results demonstrated that concentrations, ingestion rate (IR) and fraction of PAEs absorbed in the skin (AF) were most important parameters on the assessment of exposure risk of PAEs via street dust. Specific parameters based on China and Chinses population is needed to obtain more reliable exposure risk via street dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Ze-Bin Zhao
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Samit Thapa
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Shao-Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Li-Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jia-Lu Geng
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Hong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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42
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Zhang X, Zhao Y, Cheng C, Li L, Xiao M, Zhang G, Lu X. Combined effects of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and bisphenol A on thyroid hormone homeostasis in adolescent female rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:40882-40892. [PMID: 32681327 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09949-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates and bisphenols are two typical classes of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) which cause endocrine disorder in humans and animals. Phthalates and bisphenols are suggested to be associated with thyroid dysfunction. However, the effects of combined exposure and the detailed mechanisms are yet poorly understood. We investigated the combined effects of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and bisphenol A (BPA) on thyroid function during puberty. Female Sprague Dawley rats were gavaged from postnatal 28 to 70 days with a single or combined exposure of DEHP (0, 150, and 750 mg/kg/day) and BPA (0, 20, and 100 mg/kg/day) according to a 3 × 3 factorial design. The thyroid weights reduced after combined exposure to the highest dose of DEHP and BPA, which noted their adverse effects on thyroid. Additionally, DEHP could increase the number of follicular epithelial cells in thyroid. Both DEHP and in combination with BPA could disturb the levels of thyroid hormones in serum, such as TT3 and TT4. Meanwhile, the possible mechanism was also discussed in the present study. DEHP treatment induced a significant increase of phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein (Creb) via estrogen receptor α (Esr1), while the upregulation was nullified by the concomitant presence of BPA. In conclusion, the complex action of DEHP/BPA mixture may disturb the thyroid hormone homeostasis, which ultimately would affect the development of thyroid during puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejiao Zhao
- Cancer Hospital of China Medical University/Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuli Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guopei Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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Exploring the Use of Switchable Hydrophilicity Solvents as Extraction Phase for the Determination of Food-Packaging Contaminants in Coconut Water Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Herrero L, Quintanilla-López JE, Fernández MA, Gómara B. Plasticisers and preservatives in commercial milk products: A comprehensive study on packages used in the Spanish market. Food Chem 2020; 338:128031. [PMID: 32950007 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive study on packaging used in commercially available milk products from Spanish markets has been presented. Concentrations of four phthalates, seven parabens and BPA were determined in forty-two milk products. Eleven brands and five types of packaging (metallic aluminium bag, carton, high-density polyethylene, metal pail and polyethylene terephthalate) were included in the study. BPA showed the lowest concentrations (8.3 pg/g f.w.), far below those of phthalates (6431 pg/g f.w.) and parabens (6234 pg/g f.w.). Metallic aluminium bags were the least migrating packaging (considering plasticisers and monomers) followed by HDPE bottles, in the case of phthalates. Parabens showed their highest concentrations for fresh-milk samples. Levels found were far below the specific migration limits established by the EU and the cumulative hazard index was lower than 1, indicating that adverse health effects were not expected. In general, the results found in Spanish samples were lower than those reported in other countries.
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Key Words
- Benzyl paraben, BzP (PubChem CID: 7180)
- Bisphenol A
- Bisphenol A, BPA (PubChem CID: 6623)
- Butyl benzyl phthalate, BBP (PubChem CID: 2347)
- Dibutyl phthalate, DBP (PubChem CID: 3026)
- Diethyl phthalate, DEP (PubChem CID: 6781)
- Dimethyl phthalate, DMP (PubChem CID: 8554)
- Endocrine-disrupting compounds
- Ethyl paraben, EP (PubChem CID: 8434)
- Isobutyl paraben, iPB (PubChem CID: 20240)
- Isopropyl paraben, iPP (PubChem CID: 20161)
- Liquid chromatography
- Methyl paraben, MP (PubChem CID: 7456)
- Milk
- Packaging
- Parabens
- Phthalates
- Tandem mass spectrometry
- n-Butyl paraben, nBP (PubChem CID: 7184)
- n-Propyl paraben, nPP (PubChem CID: 7175)
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Herrero
- Institute of General Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mario A Fernández
- Institute of General Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Gómara
- Institute of General Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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45
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Nicole W. Good News for Entomophagists: Low Chemical Contamination Observed in Edible Insects. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:84004. [PMID: 32866075 PMCID: PMC7458209 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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46
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Castro-Jiménez J, Ratola N. An innovative approach for the simultaneous quantitative screening of organic plastic additives in complex matrices in marine coastal areas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:11450-11457. [PMID: 32088820 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aiming the simultaneous determination of widely used organic plastic additives in complex marine matrices, this work proposes a fast and "green" analytical protocol based on quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) technology. The validation of this innovative method on real matrices (i.e., sediments, mussel, fish, and Posidonia oceanica) indicated a general good performance in all of them for phthalate esters (PAEs), with low blank levels and average method recoveries varying from 54 ± 11 to 71 ± 12%. The best method performance for organophosphate ester (OPE) flame retardants and plasticizers was in biotic matrices (recoveries 52 ± 31 to 86 ± 38%). This application represents an innovative QuEChERS sequence of two dispersive solid-phase extraction (SPE) steps enabling this approach for the determination of important families of organic plastic additives in the marine environment. Indeed, our method allowed the fast screening and simultaneous determination of OPE and PAEs in various sites and matrices subject to different anthropogenic pressure in coastal NW Mediterranean Sea for the first time. ∑7PAE and ∑9OPE concentrations of 19-83 and 27-116 ng g-1 dw (fish), of 80-714 and 42-71 ng g-1 dw (mussels), of 192-908 and 47-151 ng g-1 dw (Posidonia oceanica), and of 11-328 and 4-10 ng g-1 dw (sediment) were measured, respectively. Our approach was sensible enough as to detect differences in the (bio)accumulation patterns of the target compounds in various species and/or sites. This application opens new perspectives for environmentally friendly marine environment monitoring and screening campaigns for organic plastic additives. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Castro-Jiménez
- Aix Marseille Univ., University of Toulon, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, Marseille, France.
| | - Nuno Ratola
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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47
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Li WL, Zhang ZF, Sparham C, Li YF. Validation of sampling techniques and SPE-UPLC/MS/MS for home and personal care chemicals in the Songhua Catchment, Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:136038. [PMID: 31865080 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A method for the simultaneous determination of 18 home and personal care chemicals (HPCCs) in river water and wastewater was developed using solid-phase extraction and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (SPE and UPLC/MS/MS). A series of tests were designed to find the potential background interference and loss of HPCCs during the sample preservation and pretreatment process. Our results suggested that a considerable amount of some target compounds were lost with increasing days of storage even at 4 °C. Accordingly, the samples were stored acidified and refrigerated, including during transportation, to reduce the losses. Experiments on filtration of water samples suggested that recoveries of many HPCCs were significantly affected by the filtration. It is therefore recommended to avoid filtration of water samples where possible. The internal standard corrected recoveries for the HPCCs ranged from 64.2 to 107.0%, except for benzisothiazolone which did not have an appropriate internal standard, in river water which was considered to be the most difficult matrix. The method detection limits for river water, influent and effluent samples were in the ranges of 0.17 to 42 ng/L, 13 to 5100 ng/L, and 0.50 to 200 ng/L, respectively. The validated method was applied for the determination of HPCCs in sewage water collected from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in a typical urban city in Northeast China and from river water upstream and downstream of the WWTP. Linear alkylbenzene sulphonate, caffeine, methyl paraben, benzalkonium chloride, triclocarban, and triclosan were the major compounds detected in the river water and wastewater samples. Sampling variability for the WWTP (intra-day and inter-day) and cross-river was also determined with the purpose of designing future monitoring requirements. Small variations in these samples confirmed that composite samples and a single sampling event would be representative for future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Chris Sparham
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre (SEAC), Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; IJRC-PTS-NA, Toronto M2N 6X9, Canada
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48
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Ma B, Wang L, Tao W, Liu M, Zhang P, Zhang S, Li X, Lu X. Phthalate esters in atmospheric PM 2.5 and PM 10 in the semi-arid city of Xi'an, Northwest China: Pollution characteristics, sources, health risks, and relationships with meteorological factors. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125226. [PMID: 31698210 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 and PM10 samples were collected in the semi-arid city of Xi'an in Northwest China from November 2016 to November 2017 and analyzed to assess pollution characteristics, sources, health risks, and influencing factors of 6 priority phthalate esters (PAEs). The results showed that the sum of the 6 PAEs (Σ6PAEs) was 85.5 ng m-3 in PM2.5 and 94.5 ng m-3 in PM10, being higher at the suburban site than the urban site and winter > spring > summer > autumn. The most abundant PAE was bis(2-ethylhexyl phthalate) (DEHP). PM2.5- and PM10-bound PAEs were associated mainly with the use of plasticizers plus the uses of cosmetics and personal care products, construction materials, and home furnishings. Temperature, relative humidity, and visibility had stronger influences on the concentrations of PM and PM-bound PAEs than pressure and wind speed. Pressure and relative humidity were positively correlated with the concentrations of PM and most of the PM-bound PAEs, while temperature, visibility and wind speed had negative correlations with the concentrations of PM and PM-bound PAEs. The non-carcinogenic risks of human inhalation exposure to PM-bound PAEs were in the range of 10-7 to 10-3, suggesting low non-cancer risks, which were higher at the suburban site than the urban site and higher to children than adults. The cancer risks of human inhalation exposure to PM-bound DEHP and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) were in the range of 10-12 to 10-10, suggesting low carcinogenic risks, being in the order of the suburban site > the urban site and DEHP > BBP. Special attention should be paid to long-term low dose exposure to PAEs in the suburb, especially in winter and spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianbian Ma
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, PR China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, PR China; International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, 710119, PR China.
| | - Wendong Tao
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, 1 Forestry Dr Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Mengmei Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, PR China
| | - Panqing Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, PR China
| | - Shengwei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, PR China; International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, 710119, PR China
| | - Xinwei Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, PR China
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49
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HOANG AQ, LE TH, TU MB, TAKAHASHI S. Characterization of Unsubstituted and Methylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Screening of Potential Organic Compounds in Solid Waste and Environmental Samples by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.5985/jec.30.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anh Quoc HOANG
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi
| | - Tuyen Huu LE
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi
| | - Minh Binh TU
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi
| | - Shin TAKAHASHI
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University
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50
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Descat A, Lecoeur M, Kouach M, Goossens L, Thelliez A, Odou P, Decaudin B, Goossens JF. Simultaneous determination of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and diisononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate and their monoester metabolites in four labile blood products by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 181:113063. [PMID: 31927338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a common plasticizer that is largely used for PVC blood bags. The migration of DEHP from medical devices into labile blood products (LBP) is a well-known situation. While DEHP has beneficial effects on the storage of red blood cells, it can have toxicological impact due to its potential reprotoxic effects (classified group 1B). Since July 1st, 2015, the French law prohibits the use of tubing made in DEHP-plasticized PVC in paediatric, neonatal and maternity wards. This provision, which could extend in several years more widely to medical devices used for drugs infusion, dialysis, feeding and blood bags, has led manufacturers to replace DEHP to alternative plasticizers such as diisononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH). In this paper, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of DEHP, DINCH and their corresponding monoester metabolites (MEHP and MINCH) in four labile blood products (LBP): whole blood (WB), red cells concentrate (RCC), plasma and platelet concentrate (PC). Due to strong contamination of blank LBP by DEHP because of its ubiquitous presence in working environment and despite the attention paid to avoid contamination of solvents and glassware, a trap chromatographic column was implemented between the solvent mixing chamber and the injector of the LC system. This set-up permitted to discriminate DEHP present in the sample to DEHP brought by the environmental contamination. In the optimized conditions, all compounds were separated in less than 10 min. The analytes were extracted from LBP samples using a liquid-liquid extraction. After optimization, recoveries were ranged from 47 to 96 %, depending on the analytes and the nature of LBP. Except for DEHP which exhibited RSD values of intermediate precision higher than 20 % at a concentration of 25 nM, all the precision results (repeatability and intermediate precision) were lower than 16 % and trueness values ranged from -16.2-19.8%. Using the validated method, the leachability of DEHP and DINCH from corresponding PVC-blood bags was investigated and the concentrations of their corresponding metabolites, MEHP and MINCH, were determined in whole blood, red cells concentrate, plasma and platelet concentrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Descat
- Univ Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, F-59000, Lille, France; Univ Lille, Plateau de spectrométrie de masse - ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Marie Lecoeur
- Univ Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Mostafa Kouach
- Univ Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, F-59000, Lille, France; Univ Lille, Plateau de spectrométrie de masse - ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Laurence Goossens
- Univ Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Aurélie Thelliez
- Univ Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Pascal Odou
- Univ Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, F-59000, Lille, France; Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Bertrand Decaudin
- Univ Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, F-59000, Lille, France; Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Jean-François Goossens
- Univ Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, F-59000, Lille, France; Univ Lille, Plateau de spectrométrie de masse - ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, F-59000, Lille, France
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