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Soni D, Wahi D, Verma S. In vitro study on anti-proliferative and anti-cancer activity of picrosides in triple-negative breast cancer. Med Oncol 2024; 41:143. [PMID: 38717628 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Picrorhiza kurroa, an "Indian gentian," a known Himalayan medicinal herb with rich source of phytochemicals like picrosides I, II, and other glycosides, has been traditionally used for the treatment of liver and respiratory ailments. Picrosides anti-proliferative, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and other pharmacological properties were evaluated in treating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Picroside I and II were procured from Sigma-Aldrich and were analyzed for anti-cancer activity in triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells. Cell viability was analyzed using MTT and trypan blue assays. Apoptosis was analyzed through DNA fragmentation and Annexin V/PI flow cytometric analysis. Wound healing and cell survival assays were employed to determine the inhibition of invasion capacity and anti-proliferative activity of picrosides in MDA-MB-231 cells. Measurement of intracellular ROS was studied through mitochondrial membrane potential assessment using DiOC6 staining for anti-oxidant activity of picrosides in MDA-MB-231 cells. Both Picroside I and II have shown decreased cell viability of MDA-MB-231 cells with increasing concentrations. IC50 values of 95.3 µM and 130.8 µM have been obtained for Picroside I and II in MDA-MB-231 cells. Early apoptotic phase have shown an increase of 20% (p < 0.05) with increasing concentrations (0, 50, 75, and 100 µM) of Picroside I and 15% (p < 0.05) increase with Picroside II. Decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential of 2-2.5-fold (p < 0.05) was observed which indicated decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation with increasing concentrations of Picroside I and II. An increasing percentage of 70-80% (p < 0.05) cell population was arrested in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle after Picroside I and II treatment in cancer cells. Our results suggest that Picroside I and II possess significant anti-proliferative and anti-cancer activity which is mediated by inhibition of cell growth, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA damage, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. Therefore, Picroside I and II can be developed as a potential anti-cancer drug of future and further mechanistic studies are underway to identify the mechanism of anti-cancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Soni
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Saurabh Verma
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India.
- Indian Council of Medical Research, HRD Division, V.Ramalingaswami Bhawan, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
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DeBenedictis JN, Baars E, Ochoteco-Asensio J, van Breda SG, de Kok TM. Genetic Variability Impacts Genotoxic and Transcriptome Responses in the Human Colon after the Consumption of Processed Red Meat Products and Those with Added Phytochemical Extracts. Nutrients 2024; 16:425. [PMID: 38337709 PMCID: PMC10857093 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The PHYTOME study investigated the effect of consuming processed meat products on outcomes related to colorectal cancer risk without testing the impact of genetic variability on these responses. This research aims to elucidate the genetic impact on apparent total N-nitroso compound (ATNC) excretion, colonic DNA adduct formation, ex vivo-induced DNA damage, and gene expression changes in colon biopsies of healthy participants. Through a systematic literature review, candidate polymorphisms were selected and then detected using TaqMan and PCR analysis. The effect of genotype on study outcomes was determined via a linear mixed model and analysis of variance. Machine learning was used to evaluate relative allele importance concerning genotoxic responses, which established a ranking of the most protective alleles and a combination of genotypes (gene scores). Participants were grouped by GSTM1 genotype and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and overrepresented biological pathways were compared between groups. Stratifying participants by ten relevant genes revealed significant variations in outcome responses. After consumption of processed red meat, variations in NQO1 and COMT impacted responses in ATNC levels (µmol/L) (+9.56 for wildtype vs. heterozygous) and DNA adduct levels (pg/µg DNA) (+1.26 for variant vs. wildtype and +0.43 for variant vs. heterozygous), respectively. After phytochemicals were added to the meat, GSTM1 variation impacted changes in DNA adduct levels (-6.12 for deletion vs. wildtype). The gene scores correlated with these responses and DEGs were identified by GSTM1 genotype. The altered pathways specific to the GSTM1 wildtype group included 'metabolism', 'cell cycle', 'vitamin D receptor', and 'metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and co-factors'. Genotype impacted both the potential genotoxicity of processed red meat and the efficacy of protective phytochemical extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Simone G. van Breda
- Toxicogenomics Department, GROW School of Oncology & Reproduction, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands (J.O.-A.)
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Siddiqui SA, Azmy Harahap I, Suthar P, Wu YS, Ghosh N, Castro-Muñoz R. A Comprehensive Review of Phytonutrients as a Dietary Therapy for Obesity. Foods 2023; 12:3610. [PMID: 37835263 PMCID: PMC10572887 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex medical condition mainly caused by eating habits, genetics, lifestyle, and medicine. The present study deals with traditional diets like the Mediterranean diet, Nordic diet, African Heritage diet, Asian diet, and DASH, as these are considered to be sustainable diets for curing obesity. However, the bioavailability of phytonutrients consumed in the diet may vary, depending on several factors such as digestion and absorption of phytonutrients, interaction with other substances, cooking processes, and individual differences. Hence, several phytochemicals, like polyphenols, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, etc., have been investigated to assess their efficiencies and safety in the prevention and treatment of obesity. These phytochemicals have anti-obesity effects, mediated via modulation of many pathways, such as decreased lipogenesis, lipid absorption, accelerated lipolysis, energy intake, expenditure, and preadipocyte differentiation and proliferation. Owing to these anti-obesity effects, new food formulations incorporating these phytonutrients were introduced that can be beneficial in reducing the prevalence of obesity and promoting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Prof.-von-Klitzing Str. 7, 49610 Quakenbrück, Germany
| | | | - Priyanka Suthar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India;
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Nibedita Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati 781017, Assam, India;
| | - Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Toluca, Av. Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000, San Antonio Buenavista, Toluca de Lerdo 50110, Mexico
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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Papakonstantinou A, Koumarianou P, Diamantakos P, Melliou E, Magiatis P, Boleti H. A Systematic Ex-Vivo Study of the Anti-Proliferative/Cytotoxic Bioactivity of Major Olive Secoiridoids' Double Combinations and of Total Olive Oil Phenolic Extracts on Multiple Cell-Culture Based Cancer Models Highlights Synergistic Effects. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112538. [PMID: 37299499 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Several individual olive oil phenols (OOPs) and their secoiridoid derivatives have been shown to exert anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity in treatments of human cancer cell lines originating from several tissues. This study evaluated the synergistic anti-proliferative/cytotoxic effects of five olive secoiridoid derivatives (oleocanthal, oleacein, oleuropein aglycone, ligstroside aglycone and oleomissional) in all possible double combinations and of total phenolic extracts (TPEs) on eleven human cancer cell lines representing eight cell-culture-based cancer models. Individual OOPs were used to treat cells for 72 h in half of their EC50 values for each cell line and their synergistic, additive or antagonistic interactions were evaluated by calculating the coefficient for drug interactions (CDI) for each double combination of OOPs. Olive oil TPEs of determined OOPs' content, originating from three different harvests of autochthonous olive cultivars in Greece, were evaluated as an attempt to investigate the efficacy of OOPs to reduce cancer cell numbers as part of olive oil consumption. Most combinations of OOPs showed strong synergistic effect (CDIs < 0.9) in their efficacy, whereas TPEs strongly impaired cancer cell viability, better than most individual OOPs tested herein, including the most resistant cancer cell lines evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Papakonstantinou
- Intracellular Parasitism Laboratory, Microbiology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Petrina Koumarianou
- Intracellular Parasitism Laboratory, Microbiology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Diamantakos
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Melliou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
- World Olive Center for Health, Imittou 76, 11634 Athens, Greece
| | - Prokopios Magiatis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Haralabia Boleti
- Intracellular Parasitism Laboratory, Microbiology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
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Gill NB, Dowker-Key PD, Hubbard K, Voy BH, Whelan J, Hedrick M, Bettaieb A. Ginsenoside Rc from Panax Ginseng Ameliorates Palmitate-Induced UB/OC-2 Cochlear Cell Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7345. [PMID: 37108509 PMCID: PMC10139021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
By 2050, at least 700 million people will require hearing therapy while 2.5 billion are projected to suffer from hearing loss. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) arises from the inability of the inner ear to convert fluid waves into neural electric signals because of injury to cochlear hair cells that has resulted in their death. In addition, systemic chronic inflammation implicated in other pathologies may exacerbate cell death leading to SNHL. Phytochemicals have emerged as a possible solution because of the growing evidence of their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties. Ginseng and its bioactive molecules, ginsenosides, exhibit effects that suppress pro-inflammatory signaling and protect against apoptosis. In the current study, we investigated the effects of ginsenoside Rc (G-Rc) on UB/OC-2 primary murine sensory hair cell survival in response to palmitate-induced injury. G-Rc promoted UB/OC-2 cell survival and cell cycle progression. Additionally, G-Rc enhanced the differentiation of UB/OC-2 cells into functional sensory hair cells and alleviated palmitate-induced inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. The current study offers novel insights into the effects of G-Rc as a potential adjuvant for SNHL and warrants further studies elucidating the molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B. Gill
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-1920, USA
| | - Presley D. Dowker-Key
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-1920, USA
| | - Katelin Hubbard
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-1920, USA
| | - Brynn H. Voy
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
| | - Jay Whelan
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-1920, USA
| | - Mark Hedrick
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN 37996-0240, USA
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-1920, USA
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
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Chen H, Dai H, Zhu H, Ma L, Fu Y, Feng X, Sun Y, Zhang Y. Construction of dual-compartmental micro-droplet via shrimp ferritin nanocages stabilized Pickering emulsions for co-encapsulation of hydrophobic/hydrophilic bioactive compounds. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Khan A, Alsahli MA, Aljasir MA, Maswadeh H, Mobark MA, Azam F, Allemailem KS, Alrumaihi F, Alhumaydhi FA, Almatroudi AA, AlSuhaymi N, Khan MA. Experimental and Theoretical Insights on Chemopreventive Effect of the Liposomal Thymoquinone Against Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced Lung Cancer in Swiss Albino Mice. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2263-2280. [PMID: 35422652 PMCID: PMC9005154 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s358632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Thymoquinone (TQ), a phytoconstituent of Nigella sativa seeds, has been studied extensively in various cancer models. However, TQ’s limited water solubility restricts its therapeutic applicability. Our work aims to prepare the novel formulation of TQ and assess its chemopreventive potential in chemically induced lung cancer animal model. Methods The polyethylene glycol coated DOPE/CHEMS incorporating TQ-loaded pH-sensitive liposomes (TQPSL) were prepared and characterized. Mice were exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) thrice a week for 4 weeks to induce lung cancer. TQPSL was administered three times a week for 21 weeks, starting 2 weeks before the first dose of BaP. Results The prepared TQPSL revealed 85% entrapment efficiency with 128 nm size and −19.5 mv ζ-potential showing high stability of the formulation. The pretreatment of TQPSL showed the recovery in BaP-modulated relative organ weight of lungs, cancer marker enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes in the serum. The histopathological analysis of the tissues showed that TQPSL protected the malignancy in the lungs. The flow cytometry data revealed the induction of apoptosis and decreased intracellular ROS by TQPSL. Molecular docking was performed to predict the TQ’s affinity for eight possible anticancer drug targets linked to lung cancer etiology. The data assisted to identify the serine/threonine-protein kinase BRAF as the most suitable target of TQ with binding energy −6.8 kcal/mol. Conclusion The current findings demonstrated the potential of TQPSL and its possible therapeutic targets of lung cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first research to outline the development of TQ formulation against lung cancer considering its low solubility as well as pulmonary delivery challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Arif Khan, Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 590038460, Fax +966 63801628, Email
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Aljasir
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamzah Maswadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mugahid A Mobark
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kordofan, El-Obeid, Sudan
| | - Faizul Azam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif AlSuhaymi
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21912, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masood A Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
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Alrumaihi F, Khan MA, Babiker AY, Alsaweed M, Azam F, Allemailem KS, Almatroudi AA, Ahamad SR, Alsugoor MH, Alharbi KN, Almansour NM, Khan A. Lipid-Based Nanoparticle Formulation of Diallyl Trisulfide Chemosensitizes the Growth Inhibitory Activity of Doxorubicin in Colorectal Cancer Model: A Novel In Vitro, In Vivo and In Silico Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072192. [PMID: 35408590 PMCID: PMC9000458 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic’s main bioactive organosulfur component, diallyl trisulfide (DATS), has been widely investigated in cancer models. However, DATS is not suitable for clinical use due to its low solubility. The current study seeks to improve DATS bioavailability and assess its chemopreventive and chemosensitizing properties in an AOM-induced colorectal cancer model. The polyethylene glycol coated Distearoylphosphatidylcholine/Cholesterol (DSPC/Chol) comprising DATS-loaded DATSL and doxorubicin (DOXO)-encapsulated DOXL liposomes was prepared and characterized. The changes in the sensitivity of DATS and DOXO by DATSL and DOXL were evaluated in RKO and HT-29 colon cancer cells. The synergistic effect of DATSL and DOXL was studied by cell proliferation assay in the combinations of IC10, IC25, and IC35 of DATSL with the IC10 of DOXL. AOM, DATSL, and DOXL were administered to different groups of mice for a period of 21 weeks. The data exhibited ~93% and ~46% entrapment efficiency of DATSL and DOXL, respectively. The size of sham liposomes was 110.5 nm, whereas DATSL and DOXL were 135.5 nm and 169 nm, respectively. DATSL and DOXL exhibited significant sensitivity in the cell proliferation experiment, lowering their IC50 doses by more than 8- and 14-fold, respectively. However, the DATSL IC10, IC25, and IC35 showed escalating chemosensitivity, and treated the cells in combination with DOXL IC10. Analysis of histopathological, cancer marker enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes revealed that the high dose of DATSL pretreatment and DOXL chemotherapy is highly effective in inhibiting AOM-induced colon cancer promotion. The combination of DATSL and DOXL indicated promise as a colorectal cancer treatment in this study. Intermolecular interactions of DATS and DOXO against numerous cancer targets by molecular docking indicated MMP-9 as the most favourable target for DATS exhibiting binding energy of −4.6 kcal/mol. So far, this is the first research to demonstrate the chemopreventive as well as chemosensitizing potential of DATSL in an animal model of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.Y.B.); (K.S.A.); (A.A.A.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Masood Alam Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali Yousif Babiker
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.Y.B.); (K.S.A.); (A.A.A.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Mohammed Alsaweed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faizul Azam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.Y.B.); (K.S.A.); (A.A.A.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Ahmad A. Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.Y.B.); (K.S.A.); (A.A.A.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Syed Rizwan Ahamad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahdi H. Alsugoor
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21912, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khloud Nawaf Alharbi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.Y.B.); (K.S.A.); (A.A.A.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Nahlah Makki Almansour
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Arif Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-590038460; Fax: +966-63801628
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Jayatunga DPW, Hone E, Fernando WMADB, Garg ML, Verdile G, Martins RN. A Synergistic Combination of DHA, Luteolin, and Urolithin A Against Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:780602. [PMID: 35250535 PMCID: PMC8890506 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.780602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia worldwide. The classical AD brain is characterized by extracellular deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein aggregates as senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), composed of hyper-phosphorylated forms of the microtubule-associated protein Tau. There has been limited success in clinical trials for some proposed therapies for AD, so attention has been drawn toward using alternative approaches, including prevention strategies. As a result, nutraceuticals have become attractive compounds for their potential neuroprotective capabilities. The objective of the present study was to derive a synergistic nutraceutical combination in vitro that may act as a potential preventative therapy for AD. The compounds of interest were docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), luteolin (LUT), and urolithin A (UA). The cell viability and cytotoxicity assays MTS and LDH were used to evaluate the compounds individually and in two-compound combinations, for their ability to inhibit Aβ1-42-induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma BE(2)-M17 cells. The LDH-derived% protection values were used in the program CompuSyn v.1.0 to calculate the combination index (CI) of the two-compound combinations. The software-predicted potentially synergistic (CI < 1) two-compound combinations were validated using CellTiter Glo assay. Finally, a three-compound combination was predicted (D5L5U5) and shown to be the most effective at inhibiting Aβ1-42-induced toxicity. The synergistic combination, D5L5U5 warrants further research for its mechanism of action; however, it can serve as a basis to develop an advanced functional food for the prevention or co-treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dona P. W. Jayatunga
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Eugene Hone
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - W. M. A. D. Binosha Fernando
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Manohar L. Garg
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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The Effect of Liposomal Diallyl Disulfide and Oxaliplatin on Proliferation of Colorectal Cancer Cells: In Vitro and In Silico Analysis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020236. [PMID: 35213970 PMCID: PMC8877238 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is one of the main bioactive organosulfur compounds of garlic, and its potential against various cancer models has been demonstrated. The poor solubility of DADS in aqueous solutions limits its uses in clinical application. The present study aimed to develop a novel formulation of DADS to increase its bioavailability and therapeutic potential and evaluate its role in combination with oxaliplatin (OXA) in the colorectal cancer system. We prepared and characterized PEGylated, DADS (DCPDD), and OXA (DCPDO) liposomes. The anticancer potential of these formulations was then evaluated in HCT116 and RKO colon cancer cells by different cellular assays. Further, a molecular docking-based computational analysis was conducted to determine the probable binding interactions of DADS and OXA. The results revealed the size of the DCPDD and DCPDO to be 114.46 nm (95% EE) and 149.45 nm (54% EE), respectively. They increased the sensitivity of the cells and reduced the IC50 several folds, while the combinations of them showed a synergistic effect and induced apoptosis by 55% in the cells. The molecular docking data projected several possible targets of DADS and OXA that could be evaluated more precisely by these novel formulations in detail. This study will direct the usage of DCPDD to augment the therapeutic potential of DCPDO against colon cancer in clinical settings.
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de Moura NA, Caetano BFR, Bidinotto LT, Rodrigues MAM, Barbisan LF. Synbiotic supplementation attenuates the promoting effect of indole-3-carbinol on colon tumorigenesis. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:493-501. [PMID: 34463193 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Indole-3 carbinol (I3C) has shown dual effects on the promotion and progression stages of colon carcinogenesis while synbiotics (Syn) have exerted anti-carcinogenic activities in most rodent studies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of I3C given alone or together with a Syn intervention on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis. All animals were given four subcutaneous DMH injections (4×40 mg/kg bodyweight, twice a week for two weeks) and then received either basal diet (G1), basal diet containing I3C (1g/kg chow) (G2) or basal diet containing I3C+Syn (I3C + inulin 50g/kg chow + Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12®), 2.5×1010 cfu/g of basal diet), (G3) for 21 weeks. Dietary I3C (G2) significantly increased tumour volume and cell proliferation when compared to the DMH control group (G1). Syn intervention (G3) significantly reduced tumour volume and cell proliferation when compared to I3C (G2). The colon tumours found were classified into well-differentiated tubular adenomas or adenocarcinomas. Dietary I3C or I3C+Syn did not significantly affect the incidence and the multiplicity of tumours in comparison with the DMH control group. Furthermore, Syn intervention (G3) increased Gstm1 and reduced Mapk9 gene expression in colonic tumours. The findings of the present study show that the dietary I3C shows a weak promoting activity, while the combination with Syn ameliorates I3C effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A de Moura
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin 250, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - B F R Caetano
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - L T Bidinotto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil.,Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB, Barretos, SP, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - M A M Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - L F Barbisan
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin 250, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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van Breda SG, Mathijs K, Pieters H, Sági‐Kiss V, Kuhnle GG, Georgiadis P, Saccani G, Parolari G, Virgili R, Sinha R, Hemke G, Hung Y, Verbeke W, Masclee AA, Vleugels‐Simon CB, van Bodegraven AA, de Kok TM. Replacement of Nitrite in Meat Products by Natural Bioactive Compounds Results in Reduced Exposure to N-Nitroso Compounds: The PHYTOME Project. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001214. [PMID: 34382747 PMCID: PMC8530897 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE It has been proposed that endogenously form N-nitroso compounds (NOCs) are partly responsible for the link between red meat consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. As nitrite has been indicated as critical factor in the formation of NOCs, the impact of replacing the additive sodium nitrite (E250) by botanical extracts in the PHYTOME project is evaluated. METHOD AND RESULTS A human dietary intervention study is conducted in which healthy subjects consume 300 g of meat for 2 weeks, in subsequent order: conventional processed red meat, white meat, and processed red meat with standard or reduced levels of nitrite and added phytochemicals. Consumption of red meat products enriched with phytochemicals leads to a significant reduction in the faecal excretion of NOCs, as compared to traditionally processed red meat products. Gene expression changes identify cell proliferation as main affects molecular mechanism. High nitrate levels in drinking water in combination with processed red meat intake further stimulates NOC formation, an effect that could be mitigated by replacement of E250 by natural plant extracts. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that addition of natural extracts to conventionally processed red meat products may help to reduce CRC risk, which is mechanistically support by gene expression analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone G. van Breda
- Department of ToxicogenomicsGROW‐school for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht University Medical CenterP.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Karen Mathijs
- Department of ToxicogenomicsGROW‐school for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht University Medical CenterP.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Harm‐Jan Pieters
- Department of ToxicogenomicsGROW‐school for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht University Medical CenterP.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Virág Sági‐Kiss
- Department of Food & Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Gunter G. Kuhnle
- Department of Food & Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Panagiotis Georgiadis
- National Hellenic Research FoundationInstitute of BiologyMedicinal Chemistry and BiotechnologyAthensGreece
| | - Giovanna Saccani
- SSICA‐Experimental Station for the Food Preserving IndustryParmaItaly
| | - Giovanni Parolari
- SSICA‐Experimental Station for the Food Preserving IndustryParmaItaly
| | - Roberta Virgili
- SSICA‐Experimental Station for the Food Preserving IndustryParmaItaly
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Gert Hemke
- Hemke NutriconsultPrins Clauslaan 70, 5684 GB BestThe Netherlands
| | - Yung Hung
- Department of Agricultural EconomicsGhent UniversityCoupure links 653Gent9000Belgium
| | - Wim Verbeke
- Department of Agricultural EconomicsGhent UniversityCoupure links 653Gent9000Belgium
| | - Ad A. Masclee
- Division of Gastroenterology‐HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Theo M. de Kok
- Department of ToxicogenomicsGROW‐school for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht University Medical CenterP.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - the PHYTOME consortium
- Department of ToxicogenomicsGROW‐school for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht University Medical CenterP.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastrichtthe Netherlands
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13
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Sefrina LR, Briawan D, Sinaga T, Permaesih D. Flavonoid Database Based on Indonesian Foods. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 66:S251-S255. [PMID: 33612606 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.s251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The prevalence of NCDs (Non-communicable Diseases) was increasing in Indonesia. The antioxidants have been known as a potential nutrient that prevent and reduce the risk of the NCDs. Flavonoid is the most abundant antioxidant in plant-source diet and commonly consumed in Indonesia. In other side, there was not a flavonoid database based on various Indonesian foods. The aim of this study was to build a flavonoid database based on Indonesian foods. METHODS The selected food items used food items of Indonesian Total Diet Survey 2014 (SDT 2014). We did not determine the flavonoids contents in the laboratories, we compiled its content by using the United States Department of Agriculture Database and related refferences. The estimation for calculating flavonoid content used USDA Database technique. The total flavonoid content for each food items were summarized into six flavonoid subclasses (anthocyanidine, flavan-3-ols, flavanone, flavone, flavonols, dan isoflavone). The total flavonoid content was presented by mg/100 gram of each food items. RESULTS There were 13 food groups and 1,203 food items in this database. There were 654 food items had flavonoid content. The highest mean of flavonoid content was legumes (45.36 mg/100 g). The vegetables and products were the food group with the most foods containing flavonoid (120 food items). CONCLUSION There were 654 food items in Indonesian foods contained flavonoid. The highest mean of flavonoid content were legumes. This findings can provide valuable information for Indonesian people to increase dietary flavonoid intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dodik Briawan
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, Bogor Agricultural University
| | - Tiurma Sinaga
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, Bogor Agricultural University
| | - Dewi Permaesih
- National Institute of Health Research and Development, Health Ministry
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14
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Sinha R, Zhao N, Goedert JJ, Byrd DA, Wan Y, Hua X, Hullings AG, Knight R, Breda SV, Mathijs K, de Kok TM, Ward MH. Effects of processed meat and drinking water nitrate on oral and fecal microbial populations in a controlled feeding study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111084. [PMID: 33785324 PMCID: PMC8388086 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One mechanism that can explain the link between processed meat consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC) is the production of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds (NOCs) in the gastrointestinal tract. Oral and gut microbes metabolize ingested proteins (a source of secondary and tertiary amines and amides) and can reduce nitrate to nitrite, generating potentially carcinogenic NOCs. OBJECTIVE We evaluated whether nitrate/nitrite in processed meat or water influences the fecal or salivary microbiota. DESIGN In this dietary intervention study, 63 volunteers consumed diets high in conventional processed meats for two weeks, switched to diets high in poultry for two weeks, and then consumed phytochemical-enriched conventional processed or low-nitrite processed meat diets for two weeks. During the intervention, they drank water with low nitrate concentrations and consumed a healthy diet with low antioxidants. Then the volunteers drank nitrate-enriched water for 1 week, in combination with one of the four different diets. We measured creatinine-adjusted urinary nitrate levels and characterized the oral and fecal microbiota using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. RESULTS Using linear mixed models, we found that, compared to baseline, urinary nitrate levels were reduced during the phytochemical-enriched low-nitrite meat diet (p-value = 0.009) and modestly during the poultry diet (p-value = 0.048). In contrast, urinary nitrate increased after 1-week of drinking nitrate-enriched water (p-value<10-5). Nitrate-enriched water, but not processed meats with or without phytochemicals, altered the saliva microbial population (p-value ≤0.001), and significantly increased abundance of 8 bacterial taxa, especially genus Neisseria and other nitrate-reducing taxa. Meats, phytochemicals and nitrate-enriched water had no significant effects on saliva alpha diversity or any diversity parameter measured for the fecal microbiota. CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that drinking high nitrate water increases oral nitrate-reducing bacteria, which likely results in increased NOC. However, meat nitrate/nitrite at the levels tested had no effect on either the gut or oral bacteria. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT04138654.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ni Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James J Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Doratha A Byrd
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yunhu Wan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xing Hua
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Autumn G Hullings
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Departments of Pediatrics, Bioengineering, and Computer Science & Engineering, and Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Simone van Breda
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Karen Mathijs
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Theo M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mary H Ward
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Association between Oral Cancer and Diet: An Update. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041299. [PMID: 33920788 PMCID: PMC8071138 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer, included within head and neck cancer, is the sixth most common malignant neoplasm in the world. The main etiological factors are tobacco and alcohol, although currently, diet is considered an important determinant for its development. Several dietary nutrients have specific mechanisms of action, contributing to both protection against cancer and increasing the risk for development, growth, and spread. Foods such as fruits, vegetables, curcumin, and green tea can reduce the risk of oral cancer, while the so-called pro-inflammatory diet, rich in red meat and fried foods, can enhance the risk of occurrence. Dietary factors with a protective effect show different mechanisms that complement and overlap with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-proliferative effects. The main limitation of in vivo studies is the complexity of isolating the effects related to each one of the nutrients and the relationship with other possible etiological mechanisms. On the contrary, in vitro studies allow determining the specific mechanisms of action of some of the dietary compounds. In conclusion, and despite research limitations, the beneficial effects of a diet rich in vegetables and fruits are attributed to different micronutrients that are also found in fish and animal products. These compounds show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-proliferative properties that have a preventive role in the development of oral and other types of cancer.
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Wu Z, Gao R, Li H, Wang Y, Luo Y, Zou J, Zhao B, Chen S. New insight into the joint significance of dietary jujube polysaccharides and 6-gingerol in antioxidant and antitumor activities. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33219-33234. [PMID: 35497558 PMCID: PMC9042247 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03640h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The combinatorial use of dietary jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) and ginger play a critical role in traditional Chinese medicines, folk medicine and dietary therapy. Joint effects were investigated from the viewpoint of the antioxidant (scavenging DPPH˙) and antitumor activities (against SW620 cells) of jujube polysaccharides and ginger 6-gingerol (G6G) alone and in combination. Jujube polysaccharides were extracted, purified, and characterized, and then their inhibiting and apoptotic effects alone and in combination with G6G were evaluated by the cytological tests, including Cell Counting Kit-8, colony-forming, Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and cell cycle assays. Results showed that the purified polysaccharide fraction (ZJPs-II) with average molecular weight of 115 kDa consisted of arabinose, rhamnose, glucose, xylose, and galactose. ZJPs-II and G6G alone dose-dependently scavenged DPPH˙ and inhibited the proliferation of SW620 cells, while their combination showed synergistic interactions (all combination index < 1). The studies further demonstrated that ZJPs-II and G6G alone reduced the cell colony-formation, induced apoptosis and arrested the cell-cycle at G2/M phase, while their combination achieved better effects and significantly arrested the growth at the G0/G1 phase. Collectively, our findings suggest enhancing the intake of jujube polysaccharides and G6G in a combinatorial approach for maintaining health and preventing cancer. The combinatorial use of dietary jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) and ginger play a critical role in traditional Chinese medicines, folk medicine and dietary therapy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine & Health Science, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400065, P. R. China
| | - Ruiping Gao
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, P. R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing 401121, P. R. China
| | - Yongde Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine & Health Science, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400065, P. R. China
| | - Yang Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine & Health Science, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400065, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zou
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing 401121, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing 401121, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing 401121, P. R. China
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Saccà SC, Izzotti A, Vernazza S, Tirendi S, Scarfì S, Gandolfi S, Bassi AM. Can Polyphenols in Eye Drops Be Useful for Trabecular Protection from Oxidative Damage? J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113584. [PMID: 33172106 PMCID: PMC7694784 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, with anti-oxidant properties, counteract oxidative stress effects. Increasing evidence has found oxidative stressto be the main risk factor for trabecular meshwork (TM) damage, leading to high-tension glaucoma. Topical anti-oxidants could represent a new target for glaucoma treatment. Our aim is to investigate the protective mechanisms on a human TM culture of a patented polyphenol and fatty acid (iTRAB®)formulation in response to oxidative stress using an advanced invitromodel consisting of 3D-human TM cells, embedded in a natural hydrogel, and a milli-scaled multi-organ device model for constantdynamic conditions. The 3D-human TM cells(3D-HTMCs) were treated daily with 500 µM H2O2or 500 µM H2O2and 0.15% iTRAB®(m/v) for 72 h, and molecular differences in the intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS), state of the cells, activation of the apoptosis pathway and NF-kB and the expression ofinflammatory and fibrotic markers wereanalyzed at different time-points.Concomitant exposure significantly reduced iROS and restored TM viability, iTRAB® having a significant inhibitory effect on the apoptotic pathway, activation of NF-κB, induction of pro-inflammatory (IL-1α, IL-1ß and TNFα) and pro-fibrotic (TGFβ) cytokines and the matrix metalloproteinase expressions. It is clear that this specific anti-oxidant provides a valid TM protection, suggesting iTRAB® could be an adjuvant therapy in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.I.); (S.T.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Stefania Vernazza
- IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti via Livenza 3, 00198 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3473892160
| | - Sara Tirendi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.I.); (S.T.); (A.M.B.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Italy;
| | - Sonia Scarfì
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Italy;
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Gandolfi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Biological, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Bassi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.I.); (S.T.); (A.M.B.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Italy;
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Zabaleta ME, Forbes-Hernández TY, Simal-Gandara J, Quiles JL, Cianciosi D, Bullon B, Giampieri F, Battino M. Effect of polyphenols on HER2-positive breast cancer and related miRNAs: Epigenomic regulation. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Restivo I, Tesoriere L, Frazzitta A, Livrea MA, Attanzio A, Allegra M. Anti-Proliferative Activity of A Hydrophilic Extract of Manna from Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl through Mitochondrial Pathway-Mediated Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E5055. [PMID: 33143282 PMCID: PMC7663425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Manna is produced from the spontaneous solidification of the sap of some Fraxinus species, and, owing its content in mannitol, is used in medicine as a mild laxative. Manna is also a rich source of characteristic bio-phenols with reducing, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study assesses the activity of a hydrophilic extract of manna (HME) on cellular and molecular events in human colon-rectal cancer cells. HME showed a time- and concentration-dependent anti-proliferative activity, measured by MTT assay, in all the cell lines examined, namely Caco-2, HCT-116 and HT-29. The amounts of HME that caused 50% of cell death after a 24 h treatment were 8.51 ± 0.77, 10.73 ± 1.22 and 28.92 ± 1.99 mg manna equivalents/mL, respectively; no toxicity was observed in normally differentiated Caco-2 intestinal cells. Hydroxytyrosol, a component of HME known for its cytotoxic effects on colon cancer cells, was ineffective, at least at the concentration occurring in the extract. Through flow-cytometric techniques and Western blot analysis, we show that HME treatment causes apoptosis, assessed by phosphatidylserine exposure, as well as a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, an intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increases in the levels of cleaved PARP-1, caspase 3 and Bax, and a decrease in Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, HME interferes with cell cycle progression, with a block at the G1/S transition. In conclusion, the phytocomplex extracted from manna exerts an anti-proliferative activity on human colon cancer cells through the activation of mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Our data may suggest that manna could have the potential to exert chemo-preventive effects for the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (L.T.); (A.F.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Mario Allegra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (L.T.); (A.F.); (M.A.L.)
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20
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Association between Polyphenol Intake and Gastric Cancer Risk by Anatomic and Histologic Subtypes: MCC-Spain. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113281. [PMID: 33114671 PMCID: PMC7692577 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several anticancer properties have been largely attributed to phenolics in in vivo and in vitro studies, but epidemiologic evidence is still scarce. Furthermore, some classes have not been studied in relation to gastric cancer (GC). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the intake of phenolic acids, stilbenes, and other phenolics and the risk of developing GC and its anatomical and histological subtypes. We used data from a multi-case-control study (MCC-Spain) obtained from different regions of Spain. We included 2700 controls and 329 GC cases. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using mixed effects logistic regression considering quartiles of phenolic intake. Our results showed an inverse association between stilbene and lignan intake and GC risk (ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.32–0.69 and ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.36–0.77, respectively). We found no overall association between total phenolic acid and other polyphenol class intake and GC risk. However, hydroxybenzaldehydes (ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.28–0.61), hydroxycoumarins (ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.34–0.71), and tyrosols (ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.39–0.80) were inversely associated with GC risk. No differences were found in the analysis by anatomical or histological subtypes. In conclusion, a diet high in stilbenes, lignans, hydroxybenzaldehydes, hydroxycoumarins, and tyrosols was associated with a lower GC risk. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm our results.
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Karakurt S, AbuŞoĞlu G, Arituluk ZC. Comparison of anticarcinogenic properties of Viburnum opulus and its active compound p-coumaric acid on human colorectal carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 44:252-263. [PMID: 33110363 PMCID: PMC7585157 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2002-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to therapeutic agents and the highly toxic side effects of synthetic drugs has spurred new research in the treatment of colon cancer, which has high morbidity and mortality ratios. This study aims to clarify the molecular mechanisms of the anticarcinogenic properties of methanol extract of Viburnum opulus L. (EVO)and its main active compound, trans-p -coumaric acid ( p -CA), on human colon cancer cells (DLD-1, HT-29, SW-620, Caco-2) and healthy colon epithelial cells (CCD-18Co). The effects of EVO on controlled cell death (apoptosis) and the cell division cycle were determined by flow cytometry. Alteration in mRNA and protein expressions of switch genes in colorectal carcinoma (APC, MLH1, TP53, SMAD4, KRAS, and BRAF) were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Our results show that EVO possesses a strong reducing capacity and free-radical scavenging activity. HPLC analyses prove that p -CAis the main compound of EVO. EVO and p -CA inhibit the proliferation of human colon cancer cells DLD-1 and HT-29 in a dose-dependent manner. EVO increases apoptosis of DLD-1 cells and halts the cell cycle in the G2 stage in HT-29 cells. mRNA and protein expressions of p53 and SMAD-4 are upregulated, while BRAFs are downregulated. The results were directly proportional to p -CA. EVO and p -CA up- and downregulate switch genes and protein expressions of DLD-1 cells, which alter the expression of 186 other genes. This is the first study of pharmacological exploration of V.opulus in human colon cancer. Its antiproliferative effects may be due to the presence of p -CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Karakurt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Selçuk University, Konya Turkey
| | - Gülsüm AbuŞoĞlu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health, Selçuk University, Konya Turkey
| | - Zekiye Ceren Arituluk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara Turkey
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22
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Agudelo CD, Luzardo-Ocampo I, Hernández-Arriaga AM, Rendón JC, Campos-Vega R, Maldonado-Celis ME. Fermented Non-Digestible Fraction of Andean Berry ( Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) Juice Induces Apoptosis in Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2020; 25:272-279. [PMID: 33083376 PMCID: PMC7541930 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2020.25.3.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinium meridionale Swartz, known as Andean berry, has a high content of anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and other flavonoids due to their putative anticancer activity. However, after consumption, the structures and function of these molecules may be altered. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pro-apoptotic effect of fermented non-digestible fraction (FNDF) of Andean berry juice (ABJ) on colon adenocarcinoma HT29 cells. HT29 cells were treated by FNDF-ABJ obtained by in vitro gastrointestinal fermentation. We determined the proapoptotic capacity by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays, oxidative stress by analyzing superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, lipid peroxidation by measuring 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, and measured lactate dehydrogenase. Our results show that FNDF-ABJ inhibited cell growth [lethal dose 50(%)=26% v/v]. In addition, FNDF-ABJ increased the number of TUNEL positive cells 2-fold compared with untreated cells without altering the release of lactate dehydrogenase. However, superoxide dismutase activity was reduced in HT29 cells treated with FNDF-ABJ, catalase activity was not affected and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α levels were increased. These results support that the anti-proliferative effects of FNDF-ABJ on HT29 cells can be explained by apoptotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Daniel Agudelo
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia 1226, Colombia
| | - Iván Luzardo-Ocampo
- Postgraduate Program in Food of the Center of the Republic (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro 76010, Mexico
| | - Angélica María Hernández-Arriaga
- Postgraduate Program in Food of the Center of the Republic (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro 76010, Mexico
| | - Julio César Rendón
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia 1226, Colombia
| | - Rocio Campos-Vega
- Postgraduate Program in Food of the Center of the Republic (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro 76010, Mexico
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Rafiq S, Gulzar N, Sameen A, Huma N, Hayat I, Ijaz R. Functional role of bioactive peptides with special reference to cheeses. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saima Rafiq
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture University of Poonch Rawalakot 12350 Azad kashmirPakistan
| | - Nabila Gulzar
- Department of Dairy Technology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Lahore55300Pakistan
| | - Aysha Sameen
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology University of Agriculture Faisalabad38040Pakistan
| | - Nuzhat Huma
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology University of Agriculture Faisalabad38040Pakistan
| | - Imran Hayat
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture University of Poonch Rawalakot 12350 Azad kashmirPakistan
| | - Raina Ijaz
- Department of Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture University of Poonch Rawalakot 12350 Azad Kashmir Pakistan
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24
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Bellavite P, Donzelli A. Hesperidin and SARS-CoV-2: New Light on the Healthy Function of Citrus Fruits. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E742. [PMID: 32823497 PMCID: PMC7465267 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the many approaches to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention, the possible role of nutrition has so far been rather underestimated. Foods are very rich in substances, with a potential beneficial effect on health, and some of these could have an antiviral action or be important in modulating the immune system and in defending cells from the oxidative stress associated with infection. This short review draws the attention on some components of citrus fruits, and especially of the orange (Citrus sinensis), well known for its vitamin and flavonoid content. Among the flavonoids, hesperidin has recently attracted the attention of researchers, because it binds to the key proteins of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several computational methods, independently applied by different researchers, showed that hesperidin has a low binding energy, both with the coronavirus "spike" protein, and with the main protease that transforms the early proteins of the virus (pp1a and ppa1b) into the complex responsible for viral replication. The binding energy of hesperidin to these important components is lower than that of lopinavir, ritonavir, and indinavir, suggesting that it could perform an effective antiviral action. Furthermore, both hesperidin and ascorbic acid counteract the cell damaging effects of the oxygen free radicals triggered by virus infection and inflammation. There is discussion about the preventive efficacy of vitamin C, at the dose achievable by the diet, but recent reviews suggest that this substance can be useful in the case of strong immune system burden caused by viral disease. Computational methods and laboratory studies support the need to undertake apposite preclinical, epidemiological, and experimental studies on the potential benefits of citrus fruit components for the prevention of infectious diseases, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bellavite
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona Medical School, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Donzelli
- Medical Doctor, Scientific Committee of Fondazione Allineare Sanità e Salute, 20122 Milano, Italy;
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Ramesh P, Rao VS, Reddy PM, Babu KS, Rao MS. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Modeling Studies of Novel C (7) Modified Analogues of Chrysin. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666190913183623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background::
Most of the currently available pharmaceutical drugs are either natural
products or analogues of natural products. Flavonoids are plant based natural polyphenolic
compounds which exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Chrysin, a natural flavone, exhibits
several biological activities like antiallergic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer. Many efforts were
made to enhance the biological activity of chrysin. In continuation of our work on synthetic
modifications of chrysin, amino-alcohol containing heterocyclic moiety is linked to chrysin at C (7)
position to enhance its biological activity.
Methods::
A series of new C (7) modified analogues of chrysin (3a-k) have been designed and
synthesized in two steps. Chrysin, on reacting with epichlorohydrin in the presence of K2CO3 in
DMF gave epoxide (2) which was made to react with cyclic secondary amines in the presence of
LiBr to form the designed products (3a-k). All the synthesized compounds (3a-k) were well
characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. The synthesized analogues (3a-k) were
screened for their in vitro biological activities against a panel of bacterial and fungal strains.
Molecular docking studies were also performed on these compounds with E. coli FabH (1HNJ) and
S. cerevisiae (5EQB) enzymes, to support the observed biological activities.
Results::
A series of new 2-hydroxy 3-amino chrysin derivatives (3a-k) were synthesized in two
steps, starting with chrysin and their structures were characterized by spectral analysis. In vitro
biological activities of these analogues against a panel of bacterial and fungal strains indicated that
some of the derivatives manifested significant activities compared to standard drugs. Molecular
docking and binding energy values were also correlated with experimental antimicrobial screening
results. Lipinski’s “rule of five” is also obeyed by these analogues (3a-k) and exhibit drug-likeness.
Conclusion::
In the present study, a series of new C (7) modified chrysin analogues (3a-k) were
synthesized and tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activities. These biological studies indicated
that some of the derivatives exhibited moderate to good antimicrobial activities compared to
standard drugs. Molecular docking studies performed on these compounds correlated with the
experimental antimicrobial activities. The results obtained in the study will be useful in establishing
new drug entities to control the pathogenic epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulabala Ramesh
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | | | | | - Katragadda Suresh Babu
- Division of Natural Product Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Mutheneni Srinivasa Rao
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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Decrypting the Molecular Mechanistic Pathways Delineating the Chemotherapeutic Potential of Ruthenium-Phloretin Complex in Colon Carcinoma Correlated with the Oxidative Status and Increased Apoptotic Events. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7690845. [PMID: 32566099 PMCID: PMC7281810 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7690845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To explore fresh strategies in colorectal cancer (CRC) chemotherapy, we evaluated the capability of the ruthenium-phloretin complex in exterminating colon cancer by effectively addressing multiple apoptotic mechanisms on HT-29 cancer cells together with an animal model of colorectal cancer activated by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and dextran sulfate sodium. Our current approach offers tangible evidence of the application of the ruthenium-phloretin complex in future chemotherapy. The complex triggers intrinsic apoptosis triggered by p53 and modulates the Akt/mTOR pathway along with other inflammatory biomarkers. The ruthenium-phloretin complex has been synthesized and successfully characterized by numerous spectroscopic methodologies accompanied by DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays assessing its antioxidant potential. Studies conducted in human cell lines revealed that the complex improved levels of p53 and caspase-3 while diminishing the activities of VEGF and mTOR, triggers apoptosis, and induces fragmentation of DNA in the HT-29 cells. Toxicity studies were conducted to identify the therapeutic doses of the novel complex in animal models. The outcomes of the in vivo report suggest that the complex was beneficial in repressing multiplicity of aberrant crypt foci as well as hyperplastic lesions and also promoted increased levels of CAT, SOD, and glutathione. In addition, the ruthenium-phloretin complex was able to control cell proliferation and boosted apoptotic outbursts in cancer cells associated with the increase in cellular response towards Bax while diminishing responses towards Bcl-2, NF-κB, and MMP-9. Our observations from the experiments deliver testament that the ruthenium-phloretin complex has the potential to act as a promising chemotherapeutic agent in colorectal cancer because it can affect the growth of ACF and hyperplastic abrasions in the colon tissues by evoking cell death.
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Kim J, Oh S, Shin YC, Wang C, Kang MS, Lee JH, Yun W, Cho JA, Hwang DY, Han DW, Lee J. Au nanozyme-driven antioxidation for preventing frailty. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 189:110839. [PMID: 32036333 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
From senescence and frailty that may result from various biological, mechanical, nutritional, and metabolic processes, the human body has its own antioxidant defense enzymes to remove by-products of oxygen metabolism, and if unregulated, can cause several types of cell damage. Herein, an antioxidant, artificial nanoscale enzyme, called nanozyme (NZs), is introduced that is composed of Au nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized with a mixture of two representative phytochemicals, namely, gallic acid (GA) and isoflavone (IF), referred to as GI-Au NZs. Their unique antioxidant and anti-aging effects are monitored using Cell Counting Kit-8 and senescence-associated β-galactosidase assays on neonatal human dermal fibroblasts (nHDFs). Furthermore, alterations in epidermal thickness and SOD activity are measured under ultraviolet light to investigate the effects of the topical application of NZs on the histological structure and antioxidant activity in hairless mice skin. Then, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in the hairless mice are monitored. It is concluded that the NZs can effectively prevent serial passage-induced senescence in nHDFs, as well as oxidative stress in mice skin, suggesting a range of strategies to further develop novel therapeutics for acute frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjin Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Cheol Shin
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Caifeng Wang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Woobin Yun
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ah Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaebeom Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Coman V, Vodnar DC. Hydroxycinnamic acids and human health: recent advances. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:483-499. [PMID: 31472019 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to improve human diet globally. Compelling evidence gathered over the past several decades suggests that a suboptimal diet is associated with many chronic diseases and may be responsible for more deaths than any other risks worldwide. The main components in our diet that need higher intake are whole grains, fruit and vegetables, and nuts and seeds; all of these are important sources of dietary fiber and polyphenols. The health benefits of dietary fiber and polyphenols are also supported by several decades of valuable research. However, the conclusions drawn from interventional human trials are not straightforward and the action mechanisms in improving human health are not fully understood. Moreover, there is a great inter-individual variation caused by different individual capabilities of processing, absorbing and using these compounds effectively. Data on the bioavailability and bioefficacy of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) are limited when compared to other classes of polyphenols (e.g. anthocyanins). This review aims to summarize the latest research advances related to HCA bioavailability and their biological effects revealed by epidemiological data, pre-clinical and clinical studies. Moreover, we aim to review the effects of HCAs on gut microbiota diversity and function and its respective influence on host health. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Coman
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan C Vodnar
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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29
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Sheng J, Yang X, Liu Q, Luo H, Yin X, Liang M, Liu W, Lan X, Wan J, Yang X. Coadministration with Tea Polyphenols Enhances the Neuroprotective Effect of Defatted Walnut Meal Hydrolysate against Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Deficits in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:751-758. [PMID: 31861959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the combined effects of defatted walnut meal hydrolysate (DWMH) and tea polyphenols (TP) on learning improvement and to explain mechanistically why the combined treatments were more effective than either subject alone. In the step-down avoidance test and the Morris water maze test, codelivery of DWMH and TP was more effective than either individual supplement in reversing memory impairment in scopolamine-treated mice. Mixing with TP significantly facilitated the protective effects of DWMH or DWMH-derived peptides (cationic peptide P1 and anionic peptide P2) on H2O2-injured SH-SY5Y cells. Although combination treatment with TP and DWMH did not significantly alter systemic exposure to P1 or P2 in rats, it significantly increased the accumulation of the two peptides in the mouse brain. In addition, TP significantly improved cellular uptake of P1 and P2 by brain capillary endothelial cells, indicating that TP enhanced the blood-brain barrier permeation of DWMH-derived peptides. The proposed explanation for the advantage of combined treatment with TP and DWMH in reversing memory impairment was that TP enhanced both the protective effects of DWMH on nerve cells and the accumulation of DWMH in the brain. Our study can aid efforts to develop products and investigate the effects of nutrient combinations on brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Sheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , Hubei 430074 , China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , Hubei 430074 , China
| | - Qingyao Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , Hubei 430022 , China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging , Wuhan , Hubei 430022 , China
| | - Han Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , Hubei 430074 , China
| | - Xiquan Yin
- Joint Laboratory for the Research of Modern Preparation Technology - Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Infinitus , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510663 , China
| | - Ming Liang
- Joint Laboratory for the Research of Modern Preparation Technology - Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Infinitus , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510663 , China
| | - Wei Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , Hubei 430074 , China
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , Hubei 430022 , China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging , Wuhan , Hubei 430022 , China
| | - Jiangling Wan
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , Hubei 430074 , China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , Hubei 430074 , China
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30
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Fernandez MV, Bengardino M, Jagus RJ, Agüero MV. Enrichment and preservation of a vegetable smoothie with an antioxidant and antimicrobial extract obtained from beet by-products. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Anticancer effects of olive oil polyphenols and their combinations with anticancer drugs. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:461-482. [PMID: 31639094 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer presents one of the leading causes of death in the world. Current treatment includes the administration of one or more anticancer drugs, commonly known as chemotherapy. The biggest issue concerning the chemotherapeutics is their toxicity on normal cells and persisting side effects. One approach to the issue is chemoprevention and the other one is the discovery of more effective drugs or drug combinations, including combinations with polyphenols. Olive oil polyphenols (OOPs), especially hydroxytyrosol (HTyr), tyrosol (Tyr) and their derivatives oleuropein (Ole), oleacein and oleocanthal (Oc) express anticancer activity on different cancer models. Recent studies report that phenolic extract of virgin olive oil may be more effective than the individual phenolic compounds. Also, there is a growing body of evidence about the combined treatment of OOPs with various anticancer drugs, such as cisplatin, tamoxifen, doxorubicin and others. These novel approaches may present an advanced strategy in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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32
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Lachance JC, Radhakrishnan S, Madiwale G, Guerrier S, Vanamala JKP. Targeting hallmarks of cancer with a food-system-based approach. Nutrition 2019; 69:110563. [PMID: 31622909 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although extensive resources are dedicated to the development and study of cancer drugs, the cancer burden is expected to rise by about 70% over the next 2 decade. This highlights a critical need to develop effective, evidence-based strategies for countering the global rise in cancer incidence. Except in high-risk populations, cancer drugs are not generally suitable for use in cancer prevention owing to potential side effects and substantial monetary costs (Sporn, 2011). There is overwhelming epidemiological and experimental evidence that the dietary bioactive compounds found in whole plant-based foods have significant anticancer and chemopreventative properties. These bioactive compounds often exert pleiotropic effects and act synergistically to simultaneously target multiple pathways of cancer. Common bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables include carotenoids, glucosinolates, and polyphenols. These compounds have been shown to target multiple hallmarks of cancer in vitro and in vivo and potentially to address the diversity and heterogeneity of certain cancers. Although many studies have been conducted over the past 30 y, the scientific community has still not reached a consensus on exactly how the benefit of bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables can be best harnessed to help reduce the risk for cancer. Different stages of the food processing system, from "farm-to-fork," can affect the retention of bioactive compounds and thus the chemopreventative properties of whole foods, and there are opportunities to improve handling of foods throughout the stages in order to best retain their chemopreventative properties. Potential target stages include, but are not limited to, pre- and postharvest management, storage, processing, and consumer practices. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive food-system-based approach that not only taking into account the effects of the food system on anticancer activity of whole foods, but also exploring solutions for consumers, policymakers, processors, and producers. Improved knowledge about this area of the food system can help us adjust farm-to-fork operations in order to consistently and predictably deliver desired bioactive compounds, thus better utilizing them as invaluable chemopreventative tools in the fight to reduce the growing burden of cancer worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Lachance
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sridhar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Research Diets, Inc., New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Stéphane Guerrier
- Geneva School of Economics and Management & Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jairam K P Vanamala
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; The Pennsylvania State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Shafiei Z, Rahim ZHA, Philip K, Thurairajah N, Yaacob H. Potential effects of Psidium sp., Mangifera sp., Mentha sp. and its mixture (PEM) in reducing bacterial populations in biofilms, adherence and acid production of S. sanguinis and S. mutans. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 109:104554. [PMID: 31563709 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psidium sp., Mangifera sp. and Mentha sp. and its mixture (PEM) are known to have antimicrobial and anti-adherence effects. DESIGN Here, we have investigated these individual plant extracts and its synergistic mixture (PEM) for its anti-cariogenic effect to reduce populations of single and mixed-species of Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus mutans in a planktonic or/and biofilm and their others reduced virulence. Bacterial populations in the biofilm after 24 h, hydrophobic cell surface activity to n-hexadecane and pH changes at 5 min' intervals until 90 min of incubation were recorded. Total phenolic content and bioactive compounds in the crude aqueous plant extracts were analysed. Regulatory gene expressions of S. mutans adhesins genes (gtfB, gtfC, gbpB and spaP) upon treatment with PEM were investigated in planktonic and biofilm conditions. RESULTS All plant extracts strongly reduced S. mutans in the biofilm compared to S. sanguinis in single and mixed-species. PEM reduced S. mutans by 84% with S. sanguinis 87% in the mixed population. Psidium sp. and PEM highly reduced cell-surface hydrophobicity of the two bacteria thus reducing adherence and biofilm formation. PEM and Mangifera sp. lowered initial pH change in the mixed populations of S. sanguinis and S. mutans. PEM downregulated the S. mutans gtfB gene expression in the single species planktonic and mixed-species biofilms. CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of PEM in reducing S. mutans within the biofilm, cell-surface hydrophobicity, acid production and adhesin gene (gtfB) expression in mixed-species with S. sanguinis indicates its potential as an antibacterial agent against dental caries. This is attributed to the phenolic content in the PEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaleha Shafiei
- Dean's office, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Zubaidah Haji Abdul Rahim
- Dean's office, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Koshy Philip
- Institute of Ocean & Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Lincoln University College, Wisma Lincoln, Jalan SS6/12, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nalina Thurairajah
- Centre for Pre-U studies, UCSI University, No.1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Hashim Yaacob
- Dean's office, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Garcia-Diaz DF, Jimenez P, Reyes-Farias M, Soto-Covasich J, Costa AGV. A Review of the Potential of Chilean Native Berries in the Treatment of Obesity and its Related Features. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 74:277-286. [PMID: 31278560 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-019-00746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major worldwide health threat. It is characterized by an abnormal adipose tissue overgrowth together with increased monocytes infiltration, causing inflammation and oxidative stress, events associated with several illnesses. Investigations have focused on the benefits of native fruit consumption, claiming these to be natural sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics. It has been widely stated that berries are a source of the most antioxidant compounds, and, thus, seem highly promising to endure research efforts on these vegetal matrices. The present article describes botanical, chemical and biomedical features of the Chilean native berries, Aristotelia chilensis, Ugni molinae, and Berberis microphylla. This work aims to potentiate incoming research focused on the search for novel treatments for first-order diseases with these particular plant sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Garcia-Diaz
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile.
| | - P Jimenez
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Reyes-Farias
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Soto-Covasich
- Biotechnology Doctoral Program, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso - Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - A G V Costa
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre of Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre, Brazil
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Ramesh P, Srinivasa Rao V, Hong YA, Reddy PM, Hu A. Molecular Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 2-Hydroxy-3-Chrysino Dithiocarbamate Derivatives. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173038. [PMID: 31438621 PMCID: PMC6749404 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 2-hydroxy-3-chrysino dithiocarbamate derivatives (3a–k) were designed, synthesized, and characterized for their structure determination by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS (ESI) spectral data. They were screened for their in vitro biological activities against a panel of selected bacterial and fungal strains. These antimicrobial studies indicate that some of the analogues manifested significant activity compared to standard drugs. Among the synthetic analogues (3a–k), compounds 3d, 3f, and 3j exhibited very good antibacterial activity and compounds 3d, 3f, and 3h showed very good antifungal activity compared to the standard drugs penicillin and itrazole, respectively. The compounds 3e, 3g, and 3h showed moderate antibacterial activity and the compounds 3j and 3k showed moderate antifungal activity. Molecular docking studies were performed and the experimental antimicrobial screening results were also correlated with the binding energy values obtained by molecular docking. The synthesized chrysin analogues (3a–k) have obeyed Lipinski’s “rule of five” and have drug-likeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulabala Ramesh
- Department of Chemistry, SR&BGNR. Government College (A), Khammam 507 002, India
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | | | - Yi-An Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97071, Taiwan
| | - P. Muralidhar Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Correspondence: (P.M.R.); (A.H.); Tel.: +91-9848792423 (P.M.R.); +886-3-8565301 (ext. 2334 or 2335) (A.H.); Fax: +886-3-8571917 (A.H.)
| | - Anren Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97071, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (P.M.R.); (A.H.); Tel.: +91-9848792423 (P.M.R.); +886-3-8565301 (ext. 2334 or 2335) (A.H.); Fax: +886-3-8571917 (A.H.)
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Coman V, Teleky BE, Mitrea L, Martău GA, Szabo K, Călinoiu LF, Vodnar DC. Bioactive potential of fruit and vegetable wastes. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 91:157-225. [PMID: 32035596 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are essential for human nutrition, delivering a substantial proportion of vitamins, minerals, and fibers in our daily diet. Unfortunately, half the fruits and vegetables produced worldwide end up as wastes, generating environmental issues caused mainly by microbial degradation. Most wastes are generated by industrial processing, the so-called by-products. These by-products still contain many bioactive compounds post-processing, such as macronutrients (proteins and carbohydrates) and phytochemicals (polyphenols and carotenoids). Recently, the recovery of these bioactive compounds from industry by-products has received significant attention, mainly due to their possible health benefits for humans. This chapter focuses on the bioactive potential of fruit and vegetable by-products with possible applications in the food industry (functional foods) and in the health sector (nutraceuticals).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Coman
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bernadette-Emőke Teleky
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura Mitrea
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Adrian Martău
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Katalin Szabo
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lavinia-Florina Călinoiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Buckley MR, Terry PD, Kirkpatrick SS, Arnold JD, McNally MM, Grandas OH, Freeman MB, Goldman MH, Whelan J, Mountain DJ. Dietary supplementation with Zyflamend poly-herbal extracts and fish oil inhibits intimal hyperplasia development following vascular intervention. Nutr Res 2019; 68:34-44. [PMID: 31306903 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The polyherbal blend Zyflamend™ has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and attenuate inflammatory-modulated pathologies. Fish oils have also been shown to have cardioprotective properties. However, the beneficial effects of their combination have not been investigated. Intimal hyperplasia (IH), a pathological remodeling response of a vessel to injury, is heavily regulated by an immune-mediated reaction. The objective of this study was to determine if dietary supplementation with Zyflamend and/or Wholemega could affect inflammatory-dependent vascular remodeling mechanisms when provided at human equivalent doses. Based on their anti-inflammatory properties and protective benefits demonstrated in previous pre-clinical studies, we hypothesized administration of these supplements would prevent IH in an animal model of vascular injury. The diets of aged male rats were supplemented with human equivalent doses of Zyflamend (Zyf) and/or Wholemega (WMega) or placebo (Plac) for 1wk prior to balloon angioplasty (BA)-induced injury of the left carotid artery. At 28d post-injury morphometric analysis of carotid tissue revealed IH was decreased in Zyf + WMega animals compared to placebo, while Zyf or WMega independently had no significant effect. Serum cytokine screening indicated injury-induced interleukin family isoforms, interferon-γ, and macrophage inflammatory proteins were downregulated by Zyf + WMega. Immunohistochemical staining for monocyte/macrophage phenotypic markers revealed that while overall monocyte/macrophage vessel infiltration was not affected, Zyf + WMega limited the alternative differentiation of M2 macrophages and reduced the presence of myofibroblasts in the injured vessel wall. In summary, dietary supplementation with Zyf + WMega attenuated the acute inflammatory response following vascular injury and inhibited IH development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Buckley
- University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Knoxville, TN
| | - Paul D Terry
- University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Knoxville, TN
| | - Stacy S Kirkpatrick
- University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Knoxville, TN
| | - Joshua D Arnold
- University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Knoxville, TN
| | - Michael M McNally
- University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Knoxville, TN
| | - Oscar H Grandas
- University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Knoxville, TN
| | - Michael B Freeman
- University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Knoxville, TN
| | - Mitchell H Goldman
- University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Knoxville, TN
| | - Jay Whelan
- University of Tennessee Knoxville, Department of Nutrition, Knoxville, TN
| | - Deidra Jh Mountain
- University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Knoxville, TN.
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38
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Phytochemical parameters and antioxidant activity of new cherry silverberry biotypes (Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb.). Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Suppression of colorectal cancer cell growth by combined treatment of 6-gingerol and γ-tocotrienol via alteration of multiple signalling pathways. J Nat Med 2019; 73:745-760. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-019-01323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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40
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Güner A, Nalbantsoy A, Sukatar A, Karabay Yavaşoğlu NÜ. Apoptosis-inducing activities of Halopteris scoparia L. Sauvageau (Brown algae) on cancer cells and its biosafety and antioxidant properties. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:687-704. [PMID: 30969390 PMCID: PMC6546795 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to reveal the biological activities and in vivo toxicity profiles of n-hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts of brown algae Halopteris scoparia L. Sauvageau. In this study, extracts were tested for their phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities. The cytotoxic activities of the extracts against cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), colon colorectal adenocarcinoma (CaCo-2) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) cells were assessed by MTT assay and total RNAs derived from cell lines to analyze gene expression were analyzed by Real Time Ready Human Apoptosis Panel 96. Also, in vivo toxicity and irritation effects of extracts were evaluated by LD50 acute toxicity test and Hen's egg test chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) assay, respectively. Our results showed that the phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined only in methanol extract (33.20 ± 1.41 mg GAE/g and 1.26 ± 0.95 mg QE/g). Also, n-hexane has a broader spectrum of content than methanol and chloroform extracts. Furthermore, n-hexane extract in DPPH and methanol extract in ABTS+ exhibited the best antioxidant activity. In addition, MTT results revealed that each three extracts cause a significant reduction in cell viability, especially in HeLa cells. When the apoptotic gene expressions were examined after treatment of extracts, the expression of many pro-apoptotic genes in both caspase-independent and caspase-dependent intrinsic and extrinsic pathways increased. These findings suggest that, considering that it had not led to irritation and toxicity in vivo, edible H. scoparia is a natural antioxidant and its apoptotic/cytotoxic activities can potentially be used against human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Güner
- Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Biology, Giresun University, Güre, Giresun 28200 Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nalbantsoy
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100 Turkey
| | - Atakan Sukatar
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100 Turkey
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Wang Y, Bian L, Chakraborty T, Ghosh T, Chanda P, Roy S. Construing the Biochemical and Molecular Mechanism Underlying the In Vivo and In Vitro Chemotherapeutic Efficacy of Ruthenium-Baicalein Complex in Colon Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1052-1071. [PMID: 31182925 PMCID: PMC6535785 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.31143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In pursuit of a novel approach in colon cancer therapy, we explored the ability of ruthenium baicalein complex to eradicate colon cancer by efficiently targeting various apoptotic pathways on human colon cancer cell line and on a DMH and DSS induced murine model of colorectal cancer. In this study, we provide direct proof of the chemotherapeutic potential of the ruthenium baicalein complex by activating p-53 dependent intrinsic apoptosis and modulating the AKT/mTOR and WNT/β- catenin pathways. The ruthenium baicalein complex was synthesized and its characterizations were accomplished through various spectroscopic techniques followed by assessment of antioxidant potential by DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS methods. In vitro study established that the complex increased p53 and caspase-3 expressions while down regulating VEGF and mTOR expression, induced apoptosis, and DNA fragmentation in the HT-29 cells. Acute and sub-acute toxicity study was also considered and results from in vivo study revealed that complex was effective in suppressing ACF multiplicity and hyperplastic lesions and also raised the CAT, SOD, and glutathione levels. Furthermore, the complex decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptotic events in tumor cells correlated with the upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl2, WNT and β- catenin expressions. Our findings from the in vitro and in vivo study provide robust confirmation that ruthenium baicalein complex possesses a potential chemotherapeutic activity against colon cancer and is competent in reducing ACF multiplicity, hyperplastic lesions in the colon tissues of rats by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Li Bian
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin university, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China
| | - Tania Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus- Kolkata, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata -700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Torsha Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus- Kolkata, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata -700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Pallakhi Chanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus- Kolkata, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata -700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus- Kolkata, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata -700053, West Bengal, India
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Rauca VF, Vlase L, Casian T, Sesarman A, Gheldiu AM, Mocan A, Banciu M, Toiu A. Biologically Active Ajuga Species Extracts Modulate Supportive Processes for Cancer Cell Development. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:334. [PMID: 31024305 PMCID: PMC6460044 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Backround:Ajuga species have been used in traditional medicine for their diuretic, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, and hepatoprotective properties. Purpose: The phytochemical profile and anticancer potential of three Ajuga sp. (A. genevensis, A. chamaepitys, and A. laxmannii) from Romania was investigated. Materials and Methods: The phytochemicals were extracted from the aerial parts of Ajuga sp. by using different solvents and methods. The hydroalcoholic extracts were examined for total phenolic, flavonoid and iridoid contents, and HPLC/MS was used to analyze the polyphenolic compounds and iridoids. The phytochemical profile was also evaluated by principal component analysis in connection with antitumor efficacy of extracts. The antiproliferative potential was evaluated using the ELISA BrdU-colorimetric immunoassay. Western Blot with regard to inflammatory protein NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) p65 subunit expression in cell lysates was performed. Quantification of oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capability was assessed by measuring catalase activity and by evaluating the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of treated cells. Results:Ajuga laxmannii ethanol extract showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content, while A. genevensis ethanol extract was more abundant in iridoids. The overall cytostatic effect of the investigated plant extracts was exerted through strong inhibitory actions on NF-κB, the key molecule involved in the inflammatory response and via oxidative stress modulatory effects in both murine colon carcinoma and melanoma cell lines. Conclusion:Ajuga laxmannii showed the most significant antitumor activity and represents an important source of bioactive compounds, possibly an additional form of treatment alongside conventional anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin-Florian Rauca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tibor Casian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Sesarman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Gheldiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Manuela Banciu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Toiu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Isnaini I, Yasmina A, Nur’amin HW. Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Activities of Karamunting (Melastoma malabathricum L.) Fruit Ethanolic Extract and Quercetin. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:639-643. [PMID: 30806071 PMCID: PMC6897026 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.2.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melastoma malabathricum L. is a type of plant naturally grows in Kalimantan that has medicinal properties. Ethanolic extract of M. malabathricum L. flower has quercetin and kaempferol contents that have antioxidant and anticancer activities. But the antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of M. malabathricum L. fruit ethanolic extract were not known. This study measured the quercetin and kaempferol level in M. malabathricum L. fruit ethanolic extract using HPLC MS/MS, antioxidant activity using DPPH method, and cytotoxicity activity using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Results showed the level of quercetin and kaempferol from M. malabathricum L fruit ethanolic extract are 67.78 µg/g and 43.52 µg/g, respectively. Beside, the antioxidant activity with by IC50 was 16.82±0.24 ppm and 7.38±0.41 ppm. The cytotoxicity activities of M. malabathricum L. fruit ethanolic extract and quercetin are shown by the LC50 of 313.44 ppm (95%CI 283.97-344.43) and 37.24 ppm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isnaini Isnaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Lambung Mangkurat University, South Kalimantan, Indonesia.
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Angelino D, Godos J, Ghelfi F, Tieri M, Titta L, Lafranconi A, Marventano S, Alonzo E, Gambera A, Sciacca S, Buscemi S, Ray S, Galvano F, Del Rio D, Grosso G. Fruit and vegetable consumption and health outcomes: an umbrella review of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 70:652-667. [PMID: 30764679 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1571021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive evaluation of current evidence on fruit and vegetable consumption and health outcomes. A systematic search for quantitative syntheses was performed. Several criteria, including study design, dose-response relationship, heterogeneity and agreement of results over time, and identification of potential confounding factors, were used to assess the level of evidence. The strongest (probable) evidence was found for cardiovascular disease protection; possible evidence for decreased risk of colon cancer, depression and pancreatic diseases was found for fruit intake; and colon and rectal cancer, hip fracture, stroke, depression and pancreatic diseases was found for vegetable intake. Suggestive and rather limited associations with other outcomes have been found. Evidence of potential confounding by sex and geographical localisation has been reported. Despite findings are consistent enough for hypothesising causation (at least for cardiovascular-related outcomes), further studies are needed to clarify the role of potential confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Angelino
- a The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Justyna Godos
- b Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences , University of Catania , Catania , Italy.,c NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health , St John's Innovation Centre , Cambridge , United Kingdom.,d Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge , United Kingdom.,e Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health at Ulster University , United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Ghelfi
- c NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health , St John's Innovation Centre , Cambridge , United Kingdom.,d Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge , United Kingdom.,e Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health at Ulster University , United Kingdom.,f SmartFood Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS , Milan , Italy
| | - Maria Tieri
- f SmartFood Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS , Milan , Italy
| | - Lucilla Titta
- f SmartFood Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS , Milan , Italy
| | - Alessandra Lafranconi
- g Biccoca , University of Milano , Milan , Italy.,h Care and Public Health Research Institute , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Marventano
- i Rimini Women's Health, Childhood and Adolescent Department , AUSL Romagna , Rimini , Italy
| | - Elena Alonzo
- j Food and Nutrition Security and Public Health Service , ASP Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Angelo Gambera
- k Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele , Catania , Italy
| | - Salvatore Sciacca
- l Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna , Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele , Catania , Italy
| | - Silvio Buscemi
- m Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS) , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Sumantra Ray
- c NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health , St John's Innovation Centre , Cambridge , United Kingdom.,d Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge , United Kingdom.,e Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health at Ulster University , United Kingdom.,n Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Nutrition Research Unit , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Galvano
- b Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- a The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parma , Italy.,c NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health , St John's Innovation Centre , Cambridge , United Kingdom.,d Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge , United Kingdom.,e Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health at Ulster University , United Kingdom.,o The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Veterinary Science , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- b Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences , University of Catania , Catania , Italy.,c NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health , St John's Innovation Centre , Cambridge , United Kingdom.,d Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge , United Kingdom.,e Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health at Ulster University , United Kingdom
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Nasir A, Bullo MMH, Ahmed Z, Imtiaz A, Yaqoob E, Jadoon M, Ahmed H, Afreen A, Yaqoob S. Nutrigenomics: Epigenetics and cancer prevention: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1375-1387. [PMID: 30729798 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1571480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to change in lifestyle and food habits, people are more at risk of diet-related diseases and cancers. It is also established that dietary modifications significantly reduce the risk of diseases. Nutrigenomics is relatively fresh discipline, but possess an enormous potential that can apply for prevention and management of certain carcinomas and diseases. This review enables us to generate useful information for scientists and health professionals regarding the role of Nutrigenomics in the prevention of diet and lifestyle-related diseases like cancer. It influences health conditions of individuals and susceptibility of disease by defining the metabolic response and gene expression. Epigenetic modifications can perform a significant role in disease occurrence and pathogenesis. DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling are the most common epigenetic mechanisms. Omega 3 fatty acids are the best example of nutrients and gene interaction not involving DNA methylation while certain bioactive food compounds have a proven role in cancer prevention through an epigenetic mechanism. Dietary polyphenols substantially take part in prevention of oral, breast, skin, esophageal, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic and lung cancers. Moreover, minerals and vitamins involve regulatory processes. Zinc, Selenium and folate involve in DNA repairing process have anticancer properties. Consumption of multivitamins prevents methylation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Nasir
- Department of Environmental Design Health & Nutritional Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Maroof international Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mir M Hassan Bullo
- Department of Environmental Design Health & Nutritional Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Federal General Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ahmed
- Department of Environmental Design Health & Nutritional Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aysha Imtiaz
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Eesha Yaqoob
- Department of Social Sciences, Peer Mehar Ali shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mahpara Jadoon
- Department of Environmental Design Health & Nutritional Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hajra Ahmed
- Department of Environmental Design Health & Nutritional Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Afreen
- Department of Environmental Design Health & Nutritional Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sanabil Yaqoob
- College of food science and engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Casanova E, Salvadó J, Crescenti A, Gibert-Ramos A. Epigallocatechin Gallate Modulates Muscle Homeostasis in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity by Targeting Energetic and Redox Pathways: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030532. [PMID: 30691224 PMCID: PMC6387143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with the hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipose tissue, affecting the healthy secretion profile of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines. Increased influx of fatty acids and inflammatory adipokines from adipose tissue can induce muscle oxidative stress and inflammation and negatively regulate myocyte metabolism. Muscle has emerged as an important mediator of homeostatic control through the consumption of energy substrates, as well as governing systemic signaling networks. In muscle, obesity is related to decreased glucose uptake, deregulation of lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review focuses on the effect of epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) on oxidative stress and inflammation, linked to the metabolic dysfunction of skeletal muscle in obesity and their underlying mechanisms. EGCG works by increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes, by reversing the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in skeletal muscle and regulating mitochondria-involved autophagy. Moreover, EGCG increases muscle lipid oxidation and stimulates glucose uptake in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle. EGCG acts by modulating cell signaling including the NF-κB, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, and through epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Casanova
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Josepa Salvadó
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Crescenti
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Avinguda Universitat 1, 43204 Reus, Spain.
| | - Albert Gibert-Ramos
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Improved Preventive Effects of Combined Bioactive Compounds Present in Different Blueberry Varieties as Compared to Single Phytochemicals. Nutrients 2018; 11:nu11010061. [PMID: 30597948 PMCID: PMC6356906 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Blueberries contain many different phytochemicals which might be responsible for their disease preventive properties. In a previously conducted human dietary intervention study, we showed that a 4-week intervention with blueberry–apple juice protected the participants against oxidative stress and modulated expression of genes involved in different genetic pathways contributing to the antioxidant response. The present study investigates the effect of different blueberry varieties (Elliot, Draper, Bluecrop, and Aurora, and the blueberry–apple juice from our previous human dietary intervention study), and four different single compounds (vitamin C, peonidin, cyanidin, and quercetin) on antioxidant capacity and gene expression changes in colonic cells in vitro, and compares the outcome with the earlier in vivo findings. The results demonstrate that all blueberry varieties as well as the blueberry–apple juice were more effective in reducing oxidative stress as compared to the single compounds (e.g., DNA strand break reduction: EC50: Elliot 8.3 mg/mL, Aurora and Draper 11.9 mg/mL, blueberry–apple juice 12.3 mg/mL, and Bluecrop 12.7 mg/mL; single compounds). In addition, the gene expression profiles (consisting of 18 selected genes from the in vivo study) induced by the blueberry varieties were more similar to the profile of the human intervention study (range 44–78%). The blueberry variety Elliot showed the strongest and most similar effects, almost 80% of gene expression modulations were similar compared to the in vivo results. From the single compounds (range 17–44%), quercetin induced the most comparable gene expression changes, i.e., 44%. This approach could be useful in agriculture for identifying crop varieties containing combinations of phytochemicals which show optimal preventive capacities.
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Zamora-Ros R, Cayssials V, Jenab M, Rothwell JA, Fedirko V, Aleksandrova K, Tjønneland A, Kyrø C, Overvad K, Boutron-Ruault MC, Carbonnel F, Mahamat-Saleh Y, Kaaks R, Kühn T, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Valanou E, Vasilopoulou E, Masala G, Pala V, Panico S, Tumino R, Ricceri F, Weiderpass E, Lukic M, Sandanger TM, Lasheras C, Agudo A, Sánchez MJ, Amiano P, Navarro C, Ardanaz E, Sonestedt E, Ohlsson B, Nilsson LM, Rutegård M, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Peeters PH, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Bradbury K, Freisling H, Romieu I, Cross AJ, Vineis P, Scalbert A. Dietary intake of total polyphenol and polyphenol classes and the risk of colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Eur J Epidemiol 2018; 33:1063-1075. [PMID: 29761424 PMCID: PMC6760973 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-018-0408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols may play a chemopreventive role in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, epidemiological evidence supporting a role for intake of individual polyphenol classes, other than flavonoids is insufficient. We evaluated the association between dietary intakes of total and individual classes and subclasses of polyphenols and CRC risk and its main subsites, colon and rectum, within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. The cohort included 476,160 men and women from 10 European countries. During a mean follow-up of 14 years, there were 5991 incident CRC cases, of which 3897 were in the colon and 2094 were in the rectum. Polyphenol intake was estimated using validated centre/country specific dietary questionnaires and the Phenol-Explorer database. In multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models, a doubling in total dietary polyphenol intake was not associated with CRC risk in women (HRlog2 = 1.06, 95% CI 0.99-1.14) or in men (HRlog2 = 0.97, 95% CI 0.90-1.05), respectively. Phenolic acid intake, highly correlated with coffee consumption, was inversely associated with colon cancer in men (HRlog2 = 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.97) and positively associated with rectal cancer in women (HRlog2 = 1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.19); although associations did not exceed the Bonferroni threshold for significance. Intake of other polyphenol classes was not related to colorectal, colon or rectal cancer risks. Our study suggests a possible inverse association between phenolic acid intake and colon cancer risk in men and positive with rectal cancer risk in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Zamora-Ros
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av Gran Via 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet De Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Valerie Cayssials
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av Gran Via 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet De Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Joseph A Rothwell
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | | | - Cecilie Kyrø
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- CESP (Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations), Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Franck Carbonnel
- CESP (Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations), Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bicêtre University Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Yahya Mahamat-Saleh
- CESP (Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations), Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Effie Vasilopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civic M.P. Arezzo" Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASL TO3, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Artic University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Lukic
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Artic University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torkjel M Sandanger
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Artic University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Cristina Lasheras
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av Gran Via 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet De Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain
| | - Carmen Navarro
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Maria Nilsson
- Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Rutegård
- Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kay-Thee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Heinz Freisling
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Amanda J Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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Chan MM, Chen R, Fong D. Targeting cancer stem cells with dietary phytochemical - Repositioned drug combinations. Cancer Lett 2018; 433:53-64. [PMID: 29960048 PMCID: PMC7117025 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is complex with the cancer stem cell (CSC) as a member within its community. This population possesses the capacity to self-renew and to cause cellular heterogeneity of the tumor. CSCs are resistant to conventional anti-proliferative drugs. In order to be curative, it is imperative that CSCs must be eliminated by cancer therapy. A variety of dietary phytochemicals and repositioned drugs can act synergistically with conventional anti-cancer agents. In this review, we advocate the development of a novel approach, namely combination therapy by incorporating both phytochemicals and repositioned drugs to target CSCs. We cover select dietary phytochemicals (curcumin, resveratrol, EGCG, genistein) and repurposed drugs (metformin, niclosamide, thioridazine, chloroquine). Five of the eight (curcumin, resveratrol, EGCG, genistein, metformin) are listed in "The Halifax Project", that explores "the concept of a low-toxicity 'broad-spectrum' therapeutic approach that could simultaneously target many key pathways and mechanisms" [1]. For these compounds, we discuss their mechanisms of action, in which models their anti-CSC activities were identified, as well as advantages, challenges and potentials of combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion M Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3400 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Rensa Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3400 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Dunne Fong
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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50
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Martin C. A role for plant science in underpinning the objective of global nutritional security? ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:541-553. [PMID: 29982346 PMCID: PMC6153469 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Background The challenges of achieving global food security have become more demanding as scientists have realized that not only calorie content but also food composition and colonic microbial content impact our health and well-being, dramatically. The ways that the nutrients we consume affect our health are highly complex due to the diversity of what we eat, the varying digestibility of what we eat, the changing composition and functioning of each individual's gut microbiota, the differences in absorption and bioavailability of the nutrients we eat, the differences in responses between individuals to what they eat and the multi-fold mechanisms of action that nutrients have on our health. Perspective and Conclusions It has been accepted for more than 50 years that diets rich in plants, particularly fruit and vegetables, protect health, and yet such diets have declined, with lower fruit and vegetable content and much more cheap, sugary, oily, processed foods, over the same period. These dietary shifts have had a marked impact on the incidence of chronic diseases: obesity, metabolic diseases, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Greater support for research into the ways that plant-based foods impact health will be essential for changing dietary patterns to protect health and to achieve global nutritional security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathie Martin
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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