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Vitzthum VJ, Thornburg J, McDade TW, Hicks KA, Miller A, Chester EM, Goodlett B, Caceres E, Spielvogel H. C-reactive protein (CRP) in high altitude Bolivian peri-urban adolescents varies by adiposity, current illness, height, socioeconomic status, sex, and menarcheal status: The potential benefits and costs of adipose reserves in arduous environments. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24107. [PMID: 38828631 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In non-industrialized and low-income populations, adipose stores can serve as a valuable buffer against harsh conditions such as seasonal food scarcity. However, these reserves may incur costs due to adipocytes' production of pro-inflammatory cytokines; inflammation is associated with increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases later in life. Life history theory posits that, especially in populations with high juvenile mortality, higher adiposity may nonetheless be advantageous if its benefits in early life outweigh its later costs. Relatively little is known about adolescents' C-reactive protein concentration (CRP; an inflammation biomarker) in such environments. We investigated CRP and its associations with several hypothesized predictors in adolescents in an economically diverse peri-urban Andean community. METHODS We measured CRP in dried blood spots and collected data on anthropometrics, illnesses, socioeconomic status (SES), and menarcheal status in 59 female and 40 male adolescents ("Alteños", 11.0-14.9 years old) with normal vital signs in El Alto, Bolivia (~4150 m amsl). We used Cole's LMS method to standardize all anthropometrics for sex and age, and principal components analysis to construct a "fat-factor" variable loading on these standardized z-scores. We used multiple linear regression to assess the influence of fat-factor and other likely predictors on CRP rank. RESULTS Compared to a national Bolivian growth reference, Alteños were, on average, shorter and leaner; only 6% were classified as overweight and none were obese. Pre-menarche females were on average leaner than post-menarche females. The best-fitting model explained 24% of the variance in CRP rank. Significant predictors were fat-factor, SES, current illness for males and pre-menarche females, and z-height for females. CONCLUSIONS Our results are consistent with a tradeoff between investments in growth versus immune functioning, as might be expected in an environment with limited resources and high pathogen exposure (e.g., soil-transmitted helminths, poor sanitation). Thinner Alteños appear to maintain a minimum CRP concentration independent of fat-factor, while fatter (or less-thin) Alteños' CRP rises with fat-factor. Female Alteños appear to be trading off investment in immune response for investment in growth and maturation. Alteños' high rate of stunting and absence of obesity suggests chronic, presumably multifactorial, stress. Adipose stores likely buffer against some of these stressors and, in an environment such as this-in which many lack sufficient nutritious foods, potable water, adequate sewage, and health care-may confer a net lifetime benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia J Vitzthum
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Menstrual Cycle and Ovulation Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BKIS Orchards, Thetis Island, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan Thornburg
- BKIS Orchards, Thetis Island, British Columbia, Canada
- Center for Spacetime Symmetries, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Thomas W McDade
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathryn A Hicks
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Aaron Miller
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Emily M Chester
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Baileigh Goodlett
- Human Biology Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Hilde Spielvogel
- Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura (IBBA), La Paz, Bolivia
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Zyguła A, Sankiewicz A, Sakowicz A, Dobrzyńska E, Dakowicz A, Mańka G, Kiecka M, Spaczynski R, Piekarski P, Banaszewska B, Jakimiuk A, Issat T, Rokita W, Młodawski J, Szubert M, Sieroszewski P, Raba G, Szczupak K, Kluza T, Kluza M, Pierzyński P, Wojtyla C, Lipa M, Warzecha D, Wielgos M, Cendrowski K, Gorodkiewicz E, Laudanski P. Is the leptin/BMI ratio a reliable biomarker for endometriosis? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1359182. [PMID: 38567305 PMCID: PMC10985179 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1359182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to analyze the concentration of leptin in peritoneal fluid and plasma and to assess their role as potential biomarkers in the diagnosis of endometriosis. Materials & methods Leptin adjusted for BMI (leptin/BMI ratio) was measured using surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) biosensors. Patients with suspected endometriosis were included in the study. Plasma was collected from 70 cases, and peritoneal fluid from 67 cases. Based on the presence of endometriosis lesions detected during laparoscopy, patients were divided into a study group and a control group (patients without endometriosis). Results Leptin/BMI ratio in plasma did not differ between women with endometriosis and the control group (0.7159 ± 0.259 vs 0.6992 ± 0.273, p= 0,7988). No significant differences were observed in peritoneal leptin/BMI ratio levels in patients with and without endometriosis (0.6206 ± 0.258 vs 0.6215 ± 0.264, p= 0,9896). Plasma and peritoneal leptin/BMI ratios were significantly lower in women with endometriosis - related primary infertility compared to women with endometriosis without primary infertility (0.640 ± 0.502 vs 0.878 ± 0.623, p < 0.05). The difference was observed in case of primary infertility, but not in terms of the secondary one. No significant differences were noted between leptin/BMI ratio in the proliferative phase and the secretory phase (0.716 ± 0.252 vs 0.697 ± 0.288, p= 0,7785). Conclusion The results of present study do not support the relevance of leptin concentration determination as a biomarker of the endometriosis. Due to the limited number of samples in the tested group, further studies are needed to confirm its role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Sankiewicz
- Bioanalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agata Sakowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Dobrzyńska
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dakowicz
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | | | - Robert Spaczynski
- Center for Gynecology, Obstetrics and Infertility Treatment Pastelova, Poznan, Poland
- Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Piotr Piekarski
- Gynecological Obstetric Clinical Hospital of Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Minimally Invasive Gynecological Surgery, Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Banaszewska
- Chair and Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Artur Jakimiuk
- Department of Reproductive Health, Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Issat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Rokita
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Combined Hospital in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Jakub Młodawski
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Combined Hospital in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Maria Szubert
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Surgical Gynecology and Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Sieroszewski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Fetal Medicine and Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Raba
- Clinic of Obstetric and Gynecology in Przemysl, Przemysl, Poland
- Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Kamil Szczupak
- Clinic of Obstetric and Gynecology in Przemysl, Przemysl, Poland
- Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kluza
- Department of Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology and Obstetrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marek Kluza
- Department of Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology and Obstetrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
| | | | - Cezary Wojtyla
- OVIklinika Infertility Center, Warsaw, Poland
- Women’s Health Research Institute, Calisia University, Kalisz, Poland
| | - Michal Lipa
- Departament of Obstetrics and Perinatology National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Warzecha
- OVIklinika Infertility Center, Warsaw, Poland
- City South Hospital, Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Biomedical Fundamentals of Development and Sexology, Faculty of Education, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Wielgos
- Departament of Obstetrics and Perinatology National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland
- Premium Medical Clinic, Warsaw, Poland
- Medical Faculty, Lazarski University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Cendrowski
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Gorodkiewicz
- Bioanalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Laudanski
- OVIklinika Infertility Center, Warsaw, Poland
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Women’s Health Research Institute, Calisia University, Kalisz, Poland
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Notbohm HL, Moser F, Goh J, Feuerbacher JF, Bloch W, Schumann M. The effects of menstrual cycle phases on immune function and inflammation at rest and after acute exercise: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 238:e14013. [PMID: 37309068 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays an important role in mediating exercise responses and adaptations. However, whether fluctuating hormone concentrations across the menstrual cycle may impact these processes remains unknown. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to compare baseline concentrations as well as exercise-induced changes in immune and inflammatory parameters between menstrual cycle phases. A systematic literature search was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines using Pubmed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus. Of the 159 studies included in the qualitative synthesis, 110 studies were used for meta-analysis. Due to the designs of the included studies, only the follicular and luteal phase could be compared. The estimated standardized mean differences based on the random-effects model revealed higher numbers of leukocytes (-0.48 [-0.73; -0.23], p < 0.001), monocytes (-0.73 [-1.37; -0.10], p = 0.023), granulocytes (-0.85 [-0.1.48; -0.21], p = 0.009), neutrophils (-0.32 [-0.52; -0.12], p = 0.001), and leptin concentrations (-0.37 [-0.5; -0.23], p = 0.003) in the luteal compared to the follicular phase at rest. Other parameters (adaptive immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules) showed no systematic baseline differences. Seventeen studies investigated the exercise-induced response of these parameters, providing some indications for a higher pro-inflammatory response in the luteal phase. In conclusion, parameters of innate immunity showed cycle-dependent regulation at rest, while little is known on the exercise responses. Due to a large heterogeneity and a lack of cycle phase standardization among the included studies, future research should focus on comparing at least three distinct hormonal profiles to derive more specific recommendations for exercise prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Notbohm
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - F Moser
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Goh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - J F Feuerbacher
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - W Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Schumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Division of Training and Movement Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Agarwal K, Franks AT, Zhang X, Schisterman E, Mumfordd SL, Joseph PV. Association of inflammation biomarkers with food cravings and appetite changes across the menstrual cycle. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 56:193-199. [PMID: 37344073 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Premenstrual symptoms, including food cravings, are often a regular complaint among menstruating women. However, existing evidence regarding the biological mechanisms by which these food cravings occur remains unclear. Inflammation may play an essential role in the occurrence of these food cravings before menstruation. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations between inflammatory markers and the risk of moderate/severe food cravings while accounting for changes in hormone levels and stress across the menstrual cycle. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The BioCycle Study followed women (n = 259) aged 18-44 for two menstrual cycles. Food cravings (via questionnaire) were assessed up to four times per cycle. Each assessment corresponded to menses and mid-follicular, ovulation, and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. A wide range of cytokine and chemokine levels (hsCRP, GCSF, GMCSF, IL-4, IL-6, RANTES, MIP1B, etc.) were assessed in blood samples collected at up to 8 visits per cycle, with visits timed using fertility monitors. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cravings for chocolate, sweets, salty, and other foods, and changes in appetite were determined to estimate the odds of moderate or severe cravings. Associations between inflammatory markers and risk of reporting a moderate/severe craving symptom at each cycle visit was determined using weighted generalized linear models (e.g., marginal structural models). Models were adjusted for age, BMI, and race, as well as time-varying covariates such as estradiol, stress, leptin, and total energy intake, and accounted for repeated measures (i.e., multiple cycles per woman). Both inflammatory markers and reports of cravings were modeled to account for variation at each visit. RESULTS An association between higher inflammatory biomarkers such as hsCRP, GCSF, GMCSF, IL-4, IL-6, RANTES, MIP, and increased risk of moderate/severe cravings were identified across the menstrual cycle all risk ratio>1, all CIs range 0.71-2.38. hsCRP retained statistical significance after false discovery rate correction with chocolate, sweet, and salty cravings, while GCSF, GMCSF, IL-6, and RANTES retained significance with chocolate and sweet cravings only. CONCLUSION and Relevance: The results suggest a potential role of inflammation in food cravings and appetite changes across the menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Agarwal
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alexis T Franks
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Division of Statistical Analysis and Reporting (DSAR), Office of Research Reporting and Analysis (ORRA), Office of Extramural Research (OER), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Besthesda, MD, USA
| | - Enrique Schisterman
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunni L Mumfordd
- Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Paule V Joseph
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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5
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Harris BS, Steiner AZ, Faurot KR, Long A, Jukic AM. Systemic inflammation and menstrual cycle length in a prospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 228:215.e1-215.e17. [PMID: 36244407 PMCID: PMC9877159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local inflammation plays an important role in normal folliculogenesis and ovulation, and conditions of chronic systemic inflammation, such as obesity and polycystic ovarian syndrome, can disrupt normal follicular dynamics. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the association between systemic inflammation, as measured by C-reactive protein levels, and menstrual cycle length. STUDY DESIGN This study was a secondary analysis using data from Time to Conceive, a prospective time-to-pregnancy cohort study. The association between cycle length and C-reactive protein was analyzed using multivariable linear mixed and marginal models adjusted for age, race, education, body mass index, time since oral contraceptive use, alcohol, smoking, caffeine consumption, and exercise. Time to Conceive enrolled women aged 30 to 44 years with no history of infertility who were attempting to conceive for <3 months. Serum C-reactive protein levels were measured on cycle day 2, 3, or 4. Participants recorded daily menstrual cycle data for ≤4 months. RESULTS Main outcome measures included menstrual cycle length and follicular and luteal phase lengths. Multivariable analysis included 1409 cycles from 414 women. There was no linear association between C-reactive protein levels and menstrual cycle length. However, compared with <1 mg/L, a C-reactive protein level >10 mg/L was associated with >3 times the odds (adjusted odds ratio, 3.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.67-8.11) of long cycles (defined as ≥35 days). When evaluating follicular phase length, a C-reactive protein level of >10 mg/L was associated both with follicular phases that were 1.7 (95% confidence interval, 0.23-3.09) days longer and with >2 times the odds of a long follicular phase (adjusted odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-4.74). CONCLUSION There is a potential pathophysiological association between systemic inflammation and menstrual cycle changes. Further studies are needed to determine if systemic inflammation alters the menstrual cycle or if long menstrual cycles are a marker for elevated systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Harris
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
| | - Anne Z Steiner
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Keturah R Faurot
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Anneliese Long
- Department of Anthropology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Anne Marie Jukic
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC
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Agarwal K, Franks AT, Zhang X, Schisterman E, Mumford SL, Joseph PV. Association of Inflammation Biomarkers with Food Cravings and Appetite Changes Across the Menstrual Cycle. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.01.30.23285198. [PMID: 36778220 PMCID: PMC9915808 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.30.23285198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Premenstrual symptoms, including food cravings, are often a regular complaint among menstruating women. However, existing evidence regarding the biological mechanisms by which these food cravings occur remains unclear. Inflammation may play an essential role in the occurence of these food cravings before menstruation. Purpose The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations between inflammatory markers and the risk of moderate/severe food cravings while accounting for changes in hormone levels and stress across the menstrual cycle. Methods The BioCycle Study followed women (n=259) aged 18-44 for two menstrual cycles. Food cravings (via questionnaire) were assessed up to four times per cycle. Each assessment corresponded to menses and mid-follicular, ovulation, and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. A wide range of cytokine and chemokine levels (hsCRP, GCSF, GMCSF, IL-4, IL-6, RANTES, MIP1B, etc.) were assessed in blood samples collected at up to 8 visits per cycle, with visits timed using fertility monitors. Cravings for chocolate, sweets, salty, and other foods, and changes in appetite were determined to estimate the odds of moderate or severe cravings. Associations between inflammatory markers and risk of reporting a moderate/severe craving symptom at each cycle visit was determined using weighted generalized linear models (e.g., marginal structural models). Models were adjusted for age, BMI, and race, as well as time-varying covariates such as estradiol, stress, leptin, and total energy intake, and accounted for repeated measures (i.e., multiple cycles per woman). Both inflammatory markers and reports of cravings were modeled to account for variation at each visit. Results An association between higher inflammatory biomarkers such as hsCRP, GCSF, GMCSF, IL-4, IL-6, RANTES, MIP1B, and increased risk of moderate/severe cravings were identified across the menstrual cycle |all risk ratio>0.8, all CIs range>0.7-0.9|. hsCRP retained statistical significance after false discovery rate correction with chocolate, sweet, and salty cravings, while GCSF, GMCSF, IL-6, and RANTES retained significance with chocolate and sweet cravings only. Conclusion The results suggest a potential role of inflammation in food cravings and appetite changes across the menstrual cycle.
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Satué K, Calvo A, Muñoz A, Fazio E, Medica P. Interrelationship between reproductive hormones and acute phase proteins during estrous cycle and pregnancy in Spanish purebred broodmares. Vet Anim Sci 2021; 14:100212. [PMID: 34765800 PMCID: PMC8573188 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In some species, female steroid hormones modify the profile of acute phase proteins (APPs) during the estrous cycle and pregnancy, according to the ovulation, embryonic implantation and placental development; however, nowadays there's no experimental evidence for equine species. Objectives of this study were: to compare the serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations between cyclic and pregnant mares, and to analyze the influence of estradiol-17β (E2) during estrous cycle or estrone sulfate (E1) during pregnancy, and progesterone (P4) on these proteins to assess their potential role to identify the cyclicity or pregnancy in Spanish mares. Blood samples were taken from 20 Purebred Spanish mares on the day of ovulation (day 0), on days +5 and +16 post-ovulation, and then, monthly during the whole pregnancy. SAA, Hp and CRP did not change between day 0, +5 and +16 post-ovulation days. P4 concentrations were significantly higher on day +16 than on days +5 and 0; and E2 concentrations were significantly higher on day 0 than day +5. On the other hand, pregnancy was characterized by a progressive increase in the Hp, variable modifications of E1 and P4 concentrations, without changes in SAA and CRP. The absence of significant differences in the APPs between days 0, +5 and +16, suggested that these proteins cannot be used as biomarkers of diagnosis of heat or pregnancy in Spanish mares, at least early, since the Hp later increases during the gestation. Nevertheless, it is possible to use them for comparative purposes with other equine breeds, as supervisor instrument of health status in breeding females as diagnostic tools to monitor pregnancy's development and/or subclinical reproductive inflammations, that could lead to the early embryonic death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska Satué
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CEU‐Cardenal Herrera University, Avd. Seminari CEU, s/n, Valencia, 46113 Spain
| | - Antonio Calvo
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary and Experimental Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Muñoz
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - Esterina Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology Unit, Messina University, Italy
| | - Pietro Medica
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology Unit, Messina University, Italy
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Quinn KM, Cox AJ, Roberts L, Pennell EN, McKeating DR, Fisher JJ, Perkins AV, Minahan C. Temporal changes in blood oxidative stress biomarkers across the menstrual cycle and with oral contraceptive use in active women. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2607-2620. [PMID: 34106325 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the temporal changes in blood oxidative stress biomarkers in recreationally-trained women that were naturally-cycling (WomenNC) or using oral contraceptives (WomenOC) across one month. METHODS Blood samples were acquired at three timepoints of the menstrual cycle (1: early-follicular, 2: late-follicular and 3: mid-luteal) and oral contraceptive packet (1: InactiveOC, 2: Mid-activeOC and 3: Late-activeOC) for determination of estradiol, progesterone, oxidative stress, C-reactive protein (CRP) and other cardiometabolic biomarkers in plasma and serum. RESULTS There was a Group by Time effect on estradiol (p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.64) and progesterone (p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.77). Malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxides and CRP concentrations were higher in WomenOC during Late-activeOC compared to InactiveOC (+ 96%, + 23% and + 104%, respectively, p < 0.05). However, there were no changes in these biomarkers across the menstrual cycle in WomenNC (p > 0.05). At all timepoints (i.e., 1, 2 and 3), WomenOC had elevated lipid hydroperoxides (+ 28, + 48% and + 50%) and CRP (+ 71%, + 117% and + 130%) compared to WomenNC (p < 0.05, partial η2 > 0.25). There was no Group by Time effect on non-enzymatic antioxidants or glutathione peroxidase; however, glutathione peroxidase was lower in WomenOC, i.e., main effect of group (p < 0.05, partial η2 > 0.20). CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that WomenOC not only have higher oxidative stress and CRP than WomenNC, but also a transient increase across one month of habitual oral contraceptive use. Since changes in oxidative stress and CRP often relate to training stress and recovery, these outcomes may have implications to workload monitoring practices in female athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlee M Quinn
- Griffith Sports Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
- Sport Performance Innovation and Knowledge Excellence Unit, Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, 4111, Australia.
| | - Amanda J Cox
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Australia
| | - Llion Roberts
- Griffith Sports Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
- Sport Performance Innovation and Knowledge Excellence Unit, Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, 4111, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Evan N Pennell
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Australia
| | - Daniel R McKeating
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Australia
| | - Joshua J Fisher
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Australia
| | - Anthony V Perkins
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Australia
| | - Clare Minahan
- Griffith Sports Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
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9
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Salem AM. Variation of Leptin During Menstrual Cycle and Its Relation to the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) Axis: A Systematic Review. Int J Womens Health 2021; 13:445-458. [PMID: 34007218 PMCID: PMC8121381 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s309299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, adipose tissue has been identified as endocrine organ in addition to its action as energy store; it produces a large number of biologically active mediators known as adipocytokines. Significantly, adipocytokines were found to be involved in the physiology of many body functions, including reproduction. The role of body weight, body fat compositions, and nutrition has been largely investigated using animal models and human studies. Malnutrition and/or abnormal body weight may induce disturbances in fertility, puberty, pregnancy, and menstrual cycles. Leptin was the first discovered adipocytokine, and a large body of data over the last 25 years has shown that leptin is not only a molecule that reflects energy stores in the body, but is also an important cytokine involved in many physiological functions, such as inflammatory response, insulin sensitivity, bone metabolism, immunity, and most importantly, reproductive function. Leptin controls the normal physiology of the female reproductive system; it interacts with the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis by a complex mechanism that connects energy homeostasis with reproduction. However, observational studies have demonstrated inconsistent results about leptin variation during normal menstrual cycle, and the mechanisms involved in the interplay between leptin and the hormones of the HPG axis are largely unknown. This review focuses on leptin variation during normal menstrual cycles and its relation to the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, and the effect of overweight/obesity on leptin during menstrual cycle is further reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayad Mohammed Salem
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Oxygen saturation during sleep as a predictor of inflammation in anovulatory women. Sleep Breath 2020; 25:1247-1255. [PMID: 33083921 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the inflammatory profile of premenopausal women with anovulatory cycles, regular menstrual cycles, or using contraceptives, and the associations with sleep and health-related parameters. METHODS Subjects completed questionnaires including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth sleepiness scale, underwent whole-night polysomnography, and had blood collected for analysis of inflammatory, cardiovascular, and hormonal parameters. Women of reproductive age were categorized into three groups for comparisons: anovulatory menstrual cycles, regular menstrual cycles, and hormonal contraceptive use. RESULTS Women with anovulatory menstrual cycles (n = 20) had higher circulating levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 compared with women who had regular menstrual cycles (n = 191) and those on hormonal contraception (n = 72). No other classical marker of low-grade inflammation was significantly different. Subjective and objective sleep data were similar among groups. However, the mean peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) during sleep was reduced in anovulatory women. The analysis of associated variables of the inflammatory profile demonstrated that mean SpO2 during sleep was a predictive factor of IL-6 levels. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that in premenopausal women with anovulation, a proinflammatory condition mediated by IL-6 is associated with lower oxygen levels during sleep. These findings reflect the balance between gynecological status, the immune system, and sleep, pointing to the need to control for these factors in clinical practice and research contexts.
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11
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Lepedda AJ, De Muro P, Capobianco G, Formato M. Role of the small proteoglycan bikunin in human reproduction. Hormones (Athens) 2020; 19:123-133. [PMID: 31728877 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-019-00149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Female reproductive events, including ovulation, menstruation, implantation, and delivery, are physiologically characterized by deep tissue remodeling and display hallmark signs of inflammation. This review discusses the pleiotropic roles played by bikunin in human reproduction. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of the Medline/PubMed database was performed on the following topics: bikunin structure, roles in pathophysiological conditions and involvement in human reproduction, and usefulness as a marker of gestational complications or as a drug to improve pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS Bikunin is a small chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan found in blood, urine, and amniotic and cerebrospinal fluids, known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-proteolytic activities. Its levels are usually low, but they can increase several-fold in both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Bikunin plays key roles in reproductive events, such as cumulus-oocyte complex formation, pregnancy, and delivery. Its levels have been associated with the most common pregnancy complications such as preterm delivery, pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Finally, its intravaginal administration has been reported to reduce the risk of preterm delivery and to improve neonatal outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Because of its pleiotropic roles in several reproductive events and its association with some life-threatening pathological conditions of pregnancy, bikunin may represent a non-invasive marker for improving follow-up and early diagnosis. Studies showing its usefulness as a drug for reducing the risk of preterm delivery and improving neonatal outcomes have yielded interesting results that deserve to be investigated through further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Junior Lepedda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Pierina De Muro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giampiero Capobianco
- Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 12, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Marilena Formato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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12
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Brouillet S, Boursier G, Anav M, Du Boulet De La Boissière B, Gala A, Ferrieres-Hoa A, Touitou I, Hamamah S. C-reactive protein and ART outcomes: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 26:753-773. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
A dynamic balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory factors contributes to regulating human female reproduction. Chronic low-grade inflammation has been detected in several female reproductive conditions, from anovulation to embryo implantation failure. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a reliable marker of inflammation that is extensively used in clinical practice. Recent studies quantified CRP in the serum of infertile women undergoing ART and suggested its potential for the prediction of ART reproductive outcomes.
OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE
The first objective of this systematic review of the available literature was to evaluate the association between pre-implantation circulating CRP concentration and pregnancy rates in women undergoing ART. The second objective was to describe serum CRP concentration changes after early embryo implantation. The changes in circulating CRP throughout the ART cycle, clinical implications of CRP quantification for the management of women undergoing ART, and future therapeutic options will also be discussed.
SEARCH METHODS
The MEDLINE database was systematically searched from inception to March 2019 using the following key words: (C-reactive protein) AND (assisted reproductive techniques OR ovulation induction OR insemination OR in vitro fertilization). Only articles in English were considered. Studies were selected based on title and abstract. The full text of potentially relevant articles was retrieved and assessed for inclusion by two reviewers (S.B. and S.H.). The protocol was registered in the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO; registration number: CRD148687).
OUTCOMES
In total, 10 studies were included in this systematic review. Most of these studies reported lower circulating CRP values before the window of implantation and higher circulating CRP values during the peri-implantation period in women with successful ART outcome (biochemical or clinical pregnancy) compared to women without a successful outcome. Several lifestyle factors and/or drugs that reduce the concentration of circulating CRP significantly improve ART outcomes. Subgroup analyses according to female BMI and baseline circulating CRP concentration are highly recommended in future analyses.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS
These findings highlight a possible detrimental impact of preconception high circulating CRP concentration on ART outcomes. However, the biochemical or clinical pregnancy rate endpoints used in the studies examined here are insufficient (there were no data on live birth outcome), and the impact of major variables that can influence CRP and/or ART, for example maternal age, BMI, number of transferred embryos, and use of anti-inflammatory drugs, were not considered in the analyses. CRP quantification may be a potential marker of ART outcome, but its predictive value still needs to be investigated in large prospective studies. In future, the quantification of circulating CRP before starting ART could help to identify patients with a poor ART prognosis, leading to ART cycle cancellation or to preconception treatment to minimize the medical risks and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Brouillet
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm 1036, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble (BIG), Laboratoire Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection (BCI), 38000 Grenoble, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, Centre Clinique et Biologique d’Assistance Médicale à la Procréation-Centre d'Étude et de Conservation des Oeufs et du Sperme Humains (CECOS), La Tronche, France
- Univ Montpellier, Développement Embryonnaire Précoce Humain et Pluripotence, INSERM 1203, Montpellier, France
- CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Département de Biologie de la Reproduction, Biologie de la Reproduction et Diagnostic Pre-Implantatoire, Montpellier, France
| | - Guilaine Boursier
- CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Génétique des Maladies Rares et Autoinflammatoires, Montpellier, France
| | - Margaux Anav
- CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Département de Biologie de la Reproduction, Biologie de la Reproduction et Diagnostic Pre-Implantatoire, Montpellier, France
| | - Bertille Du Boulet De La Boissière
- CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Département de Biologie de la Reproduction, Biologie de la Reproduction et Diagnostic Pre-Implantatoire, Montpellier, France
| | - Anna Gala
- CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Département de Biologie de la Reproduction, Biologie de la Reproduction et Diagnostic Pre-Implantatoire, Montpellier, France
| | - Alice Ferrieres-Hoa
- CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Département de Biologie de la Reproduction, Biologie de la Reproduction et Diagnostic Pre-Implantatoire, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Touitou
- CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Génétique des Maladies Rares et Autoinflammatoires, Montpellier, France
- Cellules Souches, Plasticité Cellulaire, Médecine Régénératrice et Immunothérapies, INSERM, Univ de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Samir Hamamah
- Univ Montpellier, Développement Embryonnaire Précoce Humain et Pluripotence, INSERM 1203, Montpellier, France
- CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Département de Biologie de la Reproduction, Biologie de la Reproduction et Diagnostic Pre-Implantatoire, Montpellier, France
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Szeremeta A, Jura-Półtorak A, Koźma EM, Głowacki A, Kucharz EJ, Kopeć-Mędrek M, Olczyk K. Effects of a 15-month anti-TNF-α treatment on plasma levels of glycosaminoglycans in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:211. [PMID: 30227885 PMCID: PMC6145339 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1711-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, the effect of 15-month anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) treatment on circulating levels of plasma sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and the nonsulfated GAG hyaluronic acid (HA) in female rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients was assessed. Methods Plasma was obtained from healthy subjects and RA women treated with TNF-α antagonists (etanercept or adalimumab or certolizumab pegol) in combination with methotrexate. GAGs were isolated from plasma samples using ion exchange low-pressure liquid chromatography. Total sulfated GAGs were quantified using a hexuronic acid assay. Plasma levels of keratan sulfate (KS) and HA were measured using immunoassay kits. Results Total sulfated GAGs and HA levels were higher in female RA patients before treatment in comparison to healthy subjects. KS levels did not differ between RA women and controls. Anti-TNF-α treatment resulted in normalization of plasma total GAG and HA levels in RA patients, without any effect on KS levels. Conclusions Our results suggest that anti-TNF-α therapy has a beneficial effect on extracellular matrix remodeling in the course of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szeremeta
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jedności 8, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Jura-Półtorak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jedności 8, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Ewa Maria Koźma
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jedności 8, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Andrzej Głowacki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jedności 8, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Eugeniusz Józef Kucharz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kopeć-Mędrek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635, Katowice, Poland
| | - Krystyna Olczyk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jedności 8, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
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Alvergne A, Högqvist Tabor V. Is Female Health Cyclical? Evolutionary Perspectives on Menstruation. Trends Ecol Evol 2018; 33:399-414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Radin RG, Sjaarda LA, Silver RM, Nobles CJ, Mumford SL, Perkins NJ, Wilcox BD, Pollack AZ, Schliep KC, Plowden TC, Schisterman EF. C-Reactive protein in relation to fecundability and anovulation among eumenorrheic women. Fertil Steril 2018; 109:232-239.e1. [PMID: 29317123 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess systemic inflammation in relation to fecundability and anovulation. DESIGN Prospective cohort study among participants in the Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction trial who were assigned to the placebo. SETTING Academic medical centers. PATIENT(S) Healthy eumenorrheic women (n = 572), 18-40 years of age, with one or two pregnancy losses, attempting spontaneous pregnancy. INTERVENTION(S) Baseline serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) values <10 mg/L were categorized into tertiles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Discrete Cox proportional hazards models estimated the fecundability odds ratio (FOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) and adjusted for potential confounders. Log-binomial regression estimated the risk ratio (RR) and 95% CI of anovulation. The algorithm to define anovulation used data on urinary concentrations of hCG, pregnanediol-3-glucuronide, and LH as well as fertility monitor readings. RESULT(S) Higher hsCRP was associated with reduced fecundability but not with an increased risk of anovulation. CONCLUSION(S) Among healthy women attempting pregnancy after one or two pregnancy losses, we found preliminary evidence that systemic inflammation is associated with reduced fecundability, but not independently from adiposity. Sporadic anovulation did not appear to drive this association. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00467363.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose G Radin
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lindsey A Sjaarda
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert M Silver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Carrie J Nobles
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sunni L Mumford
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Neil J Perkins
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brian D Wilcox
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna Z Pollack
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Karen C Schliep
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Torie C Plowden
- Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Enrique F Schisterman
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland.
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16
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Wyskida K, Franik G, Wikarek T, Owczarek A, Delroba A, Chudek J, Sikora J, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M. The levels of adipokines in relation to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle in young, normal-weight women. Endocr Connect 2017; 6:892-900. [PMID: 29079670 PMCID: PMC5704444 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The aim of this study was to assess the plasma leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin/NAMPT, omentin-1, vaspin, apelin, TNF-α, IL-6 and RBP4 levels in relation to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle in young, healthy, normal-weight women. METHODS The study involved 52 young, healthy, normal-weight women. Anthropometric parameters, body composition and levels of plasma leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin/NAMPT, omentin-1, vaspin, apelin, TNF-α, IL-6 and RBP4 in addition to serum FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone, 17-OH progesterone, androgens, SHBG and insulin concentrations were measured during a morning in fasting state three times: between days 2-4, days 12-14 and days 24-26 of the menstrual cycle. RESULTS Plasma adiponectin, omentin-1, resistin and visfatin/NAMPT, apelin, TNF-α, IL-6 and RBP4 concentrations were stable during the menstrual cycle, while leptin and vaspin levels were significantly higher in both the midcycle and the luteal phases than those in the follicular phase. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that changes in leptin and vaspin levels between the follicular and the luteal phase are strongly related to changes in total testosterone levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed stable levels of adipokines during the phases of the physiological menstrual cycle, except for leptin and vaspin, which showed increased levels in both the midcycle and the luteal phases. This effect was significantly associated with changes in the secretion of testosterone, 17-OH progesterone and insulin in the luteal phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wyskida
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management UnitDepartment of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty of Silesia in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Franik
- Department of Gynecological EndocrinologyMedical Faculty of Silesia in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wikarek
- Department of GynecologyMedical Faculty of Silesia in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksander Owczarek
- Department of StatisticsSchool of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Alham Delroba
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management UnitDepartment of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty of Silesia in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Pathophysiology UnitDepartment of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty of Silesia in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sikora
- Department of Perinatology and GynecologyMedical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management UnitDepartment of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty of Silesia in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Delitala AP, Capobianco G, Delitala G, Cherchi PL, Dessole S. Polycystic ovary syndrome, adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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18
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Lorenz TK, Demas GE, Heiman JR. Partnered sexual activity moderates menstrual cycle-related changes in inflammation markers in healthy women: an exploratory observational study. Fertil Steril 2016; 107:763-773.e3. [PMID: 27919440 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine differences in inflammation markers in sexually active versus abstinent women and observe changes in inflammation markers across the menstrual cycle. Cycle-related immune fluctuations may have evolved to reduce interference with conception. If so, reproductively active (i.e., sexually active) women should show the most variability in cytokine expression. DESIGN Participants provided serum samples at menses and ovulation (from which cytokines were assayed) and saliva samples at menses and during follicular, ovulation, and luteal phases (from which C-reactive protein [CRP] was assayed). Participants self-reported intercourse frequency during the study. SETTING Academic research laboratory. PATIENT(S) Thirty-two healthy, naturally cycling premenopausal women (sexually active, n = 15; abstinent, n = 17). INTERVENTION(S) Observational study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Levels of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6], interferon γ [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]), an anti-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-4 [IL-4]), and a marker of total inflammation (CRP). RESULT(S) Sexually active women had higher levels of all of the immune markers measured, including both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, than abstinent women. Relative to sexually active women, abstinent women had less change across the menstrual cycle in levels of CRP. Among sexually active women, higher intercourse frequency predicted greater midcycle decreases in CRP, IL-6, and IFN-γ and midcycle increases in IL-4. CONCLUSION(S) Sexual activity may stimulate a complex interaction between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that subsequently drives midcycle declines in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tierney K Lorenz
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; Center for Integrative Study for Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina.
| | - Gregory E Demas
- Center for Integrative Study for Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Julia R Heiman
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; Center for Integrative Study for Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
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Georgiev AV, Kuzawa CW, McDade TW. Early developmental exposures shape trade-offs between acquired and innate immunity in humans. Evol Med Public Health 2016; 2016:256-69. [PMID: 27530543 PMCID: PMC4996124 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eow022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Life history theory predicts resource allocation trade-offs between competing functions and processes. We test the hypothesis that relative investment towards innate versus acquired immunity in humans is subject to such trade-offs and that three types of early developmental exposures are particularly salient in shaping adult immunophenotype: (i) pathogen exposure, (ii) nutritional resources; and (iii) extrinsic mortality cues. METHODOLOGY We quantified one aspect each of innate and acquired immune function, via C-reactive protein and Epstein-Barr virus antibodies, respectively, in a sample of 1248 men and women from the Philippines (ca. 21.5 years old). Early developmental exposures were assessed via long-term data collected prospectively since participants' birth (1983-4). We calculated a standardized ratio to assess relative bias towards acquired versus innate immune function and examined its relationship to a suite of predictors via multiple regression. RESULTS In partial support of our predictions, some of the measures of higher pathogen exposure, greater availability of nutritional resources, and lower extrinsic mortality cues in early life were associated with a bias toward acquired immunity in both men and women. The immune profile of women, in particular, appeared to be more sensitive to early life pathogen exposures than those of men. Finally, contrary to prediction, women exhibited a greater relative investment toward innate, not acquired, immunity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Early environments can exert considerable influence on the development of immunity. They affect trade-offs between innate and acquired immunity, which show adaptive plasticity and may differ in their influence in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas W McDade
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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20
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Plasma PP13 and urinary GAGs/PGs as early markers of pre-eclampsia. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 294:959-965. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Gursoy AY, Caglar GS, Kiseli M, Pabuccu E, Candar T, Demirtas S. CRP at early follicular phase of menstrual cycle can cause misinterpretation for cardiovascular risk assessment. Interv Med Appl Sci 2016; 7:143-6. [PMID: 26767119 DOI: 10.1556/1646.7.2015.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE C-reactive protein (CRP) is a well-known marker of inflammation and infection in clinical practice. This study is designed to evaluate CRP levels in different phases of menstrual cycle, which might end up with misleading conclusions especially when used for cardiovascular risk assessment. METHODS Twenty-seven women were eligible for the cross-sectional study. Venous blood samples from each participant were collected twice during the menstrual cycle. The first sampling was held at 2nd to 5th days of the menstrual cycle for FSH, estradiol, CRP, and sedimentation, and the second was done at 21st to 24th days of the menstrual cycle for measurement of progesterone, CRP, and sedimentation values. RESULTS CRP values were significantly higher in the early follicular phase compared to luteal phase (1.8 mg/L [0.3-7.67] vs. 0.7 mg/L [0.1-8.3], p < 0.001, respectively). In both phases of the menstrual cycle, sedimentation rate was similar (12.1 ± 6.7 vs. 12.3 ± 7.7; p = 0.717, respectively). CONCLUSIONS CRP levels in early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (menstruation) are significantly higher than CRP levels in luteal phase of the same cycle. In reproductive age women, detection of CRP for cardiovascular risk assessment during menstruation might not be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Yarci Gursoy
- Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Gamze Sinem Caglar
- Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Mine Kiseli
- Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Emre Pabuccu
- Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Tuba Candar
- Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Department , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Selda Demirtas
- Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Department , Ankara , Turkey
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22
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Lorenz TK, Worthman CM, Vitzthum VJ. Links among inflammation, sexual activity and ovulation: Evolutionary trade-offs and clinical implications. EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 2015:304-24. [PMID: 26675298 PMCID: PMC4681377 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eov029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation in healthy sexually active women decreased at midcycle, around ovulation, which may have evolved to promote conception. Background and objectives: We examined a mechanism that may coordinate trade-offs between reproduction and immune response in healthy women, namely, changes in inflammation across the ovarian cycle. Methodology: We investigated C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammation marker, across two consecutive ovarian cycles in 61 Bolivian women. Participants provided saliva samples every other day, and dried blood spots on 5–6 days spread across weeks 2–3 of each cycle. Cycles were characterized as ovulatory/anovulatory based on profiles of reproductive hormones. Participants also reported whether they were sexually partnered with a male or sexually abstinent during the study. Results: High early-cycle, but not late-cycle, CRP was associated with anovulation. High inflammation at the end of one cycle was not associated with anovulation in the subsequent cycle. Among ovulatory cycles, women with sexual partners had significantly lower CRP at midcycle, and higher CRP at follicular and luteal phases; in contrast, sexually abstinent women had little cycle-related change in CRP. In anovulatory cycles, partnership had no effect on CRP. CRP varied significantly with socioeconomic status (higher in better-off than in poorer women). Conclusions and implications: These findings suggest that the cycle-specific effect of inflammation on ovarian function may be a flexible, adaptive mechanism for managing trade-offs between reproduction and immunity. Sociosexual behavior may moderate changes in inflammation across the ovarian cycle, suggesting that these shifts represent evolved mechanisms to manage the trade-offs between reproduction and immunity. Clinically, these findings support considering both menstrual cycle phase and sexual activity in evaluations of pre-menopausal women’s CRP concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tierney K Lorenz
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Morrison Hall 313, 1165 E 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; The Center for Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;
| | - Carol M Worthman
- Laboratory for Comparative Human Biology, Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 214 Anthropology, 1557 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Virginia J Vitzthum
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Morrison Hall 313, 1165 E 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; The Center for Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Evolutionary Anthropology Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Student Building 130, 701 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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23
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Masuda S, Ichihara K, Yamanishi H, Hirano Y, Tanaka Y, Kamisako T. Evaluation of menstrual cycle-related changes in 85 clinical laboratory analytes. Ann Clin Biochem 2015; 53:365-76. [PMID: 26535010 DOI: 10.1177/0004563215617212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The menstrual cycle-related changes in clinical laboratory values were analysed by use of data obtained in the Asian multicentre study aimed at derivation of common reference intervals for 85 major clinical laboratory tests. METHODS Among 1876 healthy female volunteers, 893 had regular menstruation. They were classified into five groups according to dates between sample collection and the start of the last menstrual cycle: early follicular phase (1-6 days), late follicular phase (7-12 days), ovulatory phase (13-16 days), early luteal phase (17-22 days), and late luteal phase (23-31 days). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the menstrual cycle-related changes in test results. The magnitude was expressed as a standard deviation ratio of between-phase standard deviation to between-individual standard deviation based on nested ANOVA. RESULTS Aside from obvious changes for four sex hormones (oestradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone), we observed statistically significant menstrual cycle-related changes in the following tests (standard deviation ratio >0.15): Na, Cl, creatine kinase, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, carbohydrate antigen 125, and parathyroid hormone were higher during the early follicular phase, while insulin, total cholesterol, and white blood cell were higher during the luteal phase. Significant associations of those test items with the four sex hormones were revealed. CONCLUSIONS The menstrual cycle-related changes in laboratory test results were revealed in some commonly tested items other than sex hormones. The findings are of interest in understanding female physiology in relation to hormonal changes, but the magnitude of changes is rather small and not very relevant in interpreting test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Masuda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ichihara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Hachiro Yamanishi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Care, Tenri Health Care University, Tenri, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hirano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Yuji Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kamisako
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
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24
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ŠRÁMKOVÁ M, DUŠKOVÁ M, VÍTKŮ J, VČELÁK J, MATUCHA P, BRADNOVÁ O, DE CORDEIRO J, STÁRKA L. Levels of Adipokines and Some Steroids During the Menstrual Cycle. Physiol Res 2015; 64:S147-54. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclical effects of hormones during the menstrual cycle (MC) are not just responsible for driving ovulation, but also have significant influence on dietary intake and appetite, as well as psychological and behavioral changes. The aim of our study was to describe changes and relationships between the MC and selected steroids, adipokines and food intake-related hormones. Twenty-seven women with regular menstrual cycles were included in the study, and their hormonal spectrum was measured in regular intervals starting from the first day of their cycle. Classical changes in gonadotropins, estrogens and progesterone during the menstrual cycle are accompanied by less striking but significant changes in 17-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone. No significant changes show dehydroepiandrosterone and its 7-oxygenated metabolites. Adipokines show a tendency to increase during ovulation, while ghrelin and resistin decrease. There is also a remarkable association of sex hormone-binding globulin on the day of the cycle. Our results demonstrate that changes to adipokines during the menstrual cycle are not substantial, but nonetheless can play a role in the changes of food intake described in the literature. Precise descriptions of physiological changes in healthy women are important in helping us understand the significance of the changes accompanying various pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. DUŠKOVÁ
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
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25
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Merino PM, Martínez D, Iñiguez G, Lopez P, Cassorla F, Perez-Bravo F, Codner E. Elevation of C-reactive protein during the luteal phase in healthy adolescents. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31:260-3. [PMID: 25392126 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2014.982086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Variations in inflammatory markers have been reported in adult women during the luteal phase, but whether these findings are observed during adolescence is unknown. We postulate that higher ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (usCRP) and lower 2-hydroxyestrone (2OHE) levels, an estrogen metabolite with cardioprotective actions, are present during the luteal phase in young women. AIM To evaluate usCRP levels during the menstrual cycle and to determine its association with 2OHE and 16α-hydroxyestrone (16OHE) in adolescents. METHODS Healthy postmenarcheal adolescents (N = 37) were studied during one menstrual cycle in follicular phase (FP) and luteal phase-like period (LP-L). RESULTS Elevations in usCRP levels in the LP-L were observed in the entire group and in anovulatory cycles (1.9 ± 1.1 mg/L in FP to 2.5 ± 1.8 mg/L in LP-L; p < 0.0001). Increases in estrone, estradiol, free and bioavailable estradiol, testosterone, usCRP and 2OHE levels were observed in LP-L compared with FP (p < 0.01), with a borderline elevation in IFG-I levels (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS We report an elevation of usCRP and 2OHE levels during the luteal phase in healthy adolescents. Elevations of this inflammatory marker in anovulatory adolescents without an increase in 2OHE may play a role in metabolic risks associated with chronic anovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina M Merino
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Maternal and Child Research, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
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26
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Trabert B, Pinto L, Hartge P, Kemp T, Black A, Sherman ME, Brinton LA, Pfeiffer RM, Shiels MS, Chaturvedi AK, Hildesheim A, Wentzensen N. Pre-diagnostic serum levels of inflammation markers and risk of ovarian cancer in the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancer (PLCO) screening trial. Gynecol Oncol 2014; 135:297-304. [PMID: 25158036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pro-inflammatory mechanisms may explain the increased ovarian cancer risk linked to more lifetime ovulations, endometriosis, and exposure to talc and asbestos, as well as decreased risk with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Limited data are available to estimate ovarian cancer risk associated with levels of circulating inflammatory markers. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Pre-diagnostic serum levels of 46 inflammation-related biomarkers (11 with a priori hypotheses; 35 agnostic) were measured in 149 incident ovarian cancer cases and 149 matched controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression and adjusted for identified covariates. RESULTS Increased ovarian cancer risk was associated with elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) [tertile (T)3 vs. T1: OR (95% CI) 2.04 (1.06-3.93), p-trend=0.03], interleukin (IL)-1α [detectable vs. undetectable: 2.23 (1.14-4.34)] and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) [T3 vs. T1: 2.21 (1.06-4.63), p-trend=0.04]. Elevated IL-8 was non-significantly associated with risk [T3 vs. T1: 1.86 (0.96-3.61), p-trend=0.05]. In analyses restricted to serous ovarian cancer (n=83), the associations with CRP and IL-8 remained or strengthened [CRP T3 vs. T1: 3.96 (1.14-11.14), p-trend=0.008; IL-8 T3 vs. T1: 3.05 (1.09-8.51), p-trend=0.03]. Elevated levels of CRP and TNF-α remained positively associated with ovarian cancer risk in analysis restricted to specimens collected at least 5years before diagnosis (n=56). CONCLUSION These results suggest that CRP, IL-1α, IL-8, and TNF-α are associated with increased risk of subsequently developing ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ligia Pinto
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA; HPV Immunology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Troy Kemp
- HPV Immunology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Louise A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meredith S Shiels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anil K Chaturvedi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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27
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Capobianco G, De Muro P, Lepedda AJ, Dessole M, Ambrosini G, Cherchi PL, Formato M. Impact of first trimester fasting glycemic levels on expression of proteoglycans in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2014; 40:1625-31. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero Capobianco
- Gynaecologic and Obstetric Clinic; Department of Surgical, Microsurgical and Medical Sciences
| | - Pierina De Muro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Sassari; Sassari
| | | | - Margherita Dessole
- Gynaecologic and Obstetric Clinic; Department of Surgical, Microsurgical and Medical Sciences
| | - Guido Ambrosini
- Gynaecologic and Obstetric Clinic; University of Padua; Padua Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Cherchi
- Gynaecologic and Obstetric Clinic; Department of Surgical, Microsurgical and Medical Sciences
| | - Marilena Formato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Sassari; Sassari
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28
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Poole EM, Lee IM, Ridker PM, Buring JE, Hankinson SE, Tworoger SS. A prospective study of circulating C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α receptor 2 levels and risk of ovarian cancer. Am J Epidemiol 2013; 178:1256-64. [PMID: 23966559 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwt098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation may play a role in ovarian carcinogenesis. We examined associations between 3 plasma biomarkers of inflammation-C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α receptor 2-and risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer in prospectively collected samples from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1989-2010), Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II; 1996-2009), and the Women's Health Study (WHS; 1992-2011) and performed a meta-analysis including data from previous publications. Associations with ovarian cancer risk were calculated using logistic regression (NHS/NHS II; n = 217 cases) or Cox proportional hazards regression (WHS; n = 159 cases). Study-specific results were combined using random-effects meta-analysis. In the NHS/NHS II and WHS, we observed a 53% increased risk of invasive ovarian cancer when comparing women in the fourth quartile of CRP with women in the first quartile (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05, 2.23). A CRP level of >10 mg/L versus a level of ≤1 mg/L was associated with a 2.16-fold increased risk (95% CI: 1.23, 3.78). In a meta-analysis of published studies, women in the third tertile of CRP had a 35% increased risk (95% CI: 1.10, 1.67) compared with women in the first tertile. There were no significant associations between interleukin 6 or tumor necrosis factor α receptor 2 and risk in the NHS/NHS II. Our results support the hypothesis that higher levels of circulating CRP are associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer, indicating that the role of inflammation in ovarian cancer requires further elucidation.
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29
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Schisterman EF, Mumford SL, Sjaarda LA. Failure to consider the menstrual cycle phase may cause misinterpretation of clinical and research findings of cardiometabolic biomarkers in premenopausal women. Epidemiol Rev 2013; 36:71-82. [PMID: 24042431 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxt007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarker assessment plays a critical role in the study and prevention of disease. However, variation in biomarkers attributable to the menstrual cycle in premenopausal women may impair understanding the role of certain biomarkers in disease development and progression. Thus, in light of the recently increasing evidence of menstrual cycle variability in multiple cardiometabolic biomarkers, a reexamination of approaches for appropriately studying and diagnosing cardiovascular disease in premenopausal women is warranted. We reviewed studies (from 1934 through 2012) evaluating changes in cardiometabolic biomarkers across phases of the menstrual cycle, including markers of oxidative stress, lipids, insulin sensitivity, and systemic inflammation. Each was observed to vary significantly during the menstrual cycle. For example, nearly twice as many women had elevated cholesterol levels warranting therapy (≥200 mg/dL) during the follicular phase compared with the luteal phase (14.3% vs. 7.9%), with only 3% having consistently high levels during all phases of the cycle. Similarly, nearly twice as many women were classified as being at an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (high sensitivity C-reactive protein >3 mg/L) during menses compared with other phases (12.3% vs. 7.4%). Menstrual cycle-associated variability in cardiometabolic biomarkers is an important source of variability that should be accounted for in both research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique F Schisterman
- Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; LH, luteinizing hormone; SD, standard deviation
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30
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Marks KA, Kitson AP, Shaw B, Mutch DM, Stark KD. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, elongase 6 and their fatty acid products and precursors are altered in ovariectomized rats with 17β-estradiol and progesterone treatment. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 89:89-96. [PMID: 23777599 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) levels suggest ovarian hormones may affect MUFA biosynthesis. Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks of age) were ovariectomized or sham operated with ovariectomized rats implanted with a constant-release hormone pellet providing 17β-estradiol, progesterone, both or neither at 10 weeks of age. After 14 days, rats were fasted overnight and sacrificed to collect plasma and livers for analysis. Hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) expression was unchanged between ovariectomized and sham controls, as determined by microarray and immunoblotting. However, SCD1 protein was increased in rats treated with estradiol plus progesterone. Elongase 6 protein levels were increased with 17β-estradiol treatment compared with sham. Rats treated with 17β-estradiol and 17β-estradiol plus progesterone had increased 16:0, 18:0, 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-7 in hepatic and plasma phospholipids. Ovarian hormones appear to be involved with MUFA biosynthesis, but the relationship appears complex and involves elongase 6 and SCD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Marks
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
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31
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Saxena AR, Seely EW, Goldfine AB. Cardiovascular risk factors and menstrual cycle phase in pre-menopausal women. J Endocrinol Invest 2012; 35:715-9. [PMID: 21975315 PMCID: PMC3401343 DOI: 10.3275/7977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exogenous estrogens have been shown to affect markers of cardiovascular risk in women. AIM The objective of this study was to determine the effect of menstrual cycle phase on markers of cardiovascular risk in young, healthy women with regular menstrual cycles. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This prospective cohort study examined 20 healthy pre-menopausal women at 2 time-points in the menstrual cycle, in early follicular phase and early luteal phase. RESULTS In the early luteal phase, levels of estrogen, progesterone, LH, total cholesterol, and HDL were significantly higher, compared with the early follicular phase. In contrast, there were no significant differences in LDL or triglyceride levels between the 2 phases. Furthermore, there were no significant effects of menstrual cycle phase on glycemic indices (fasting blood glucose, glycohemoglobin or homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance), markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, soluble CD40 ligand, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, or adiponectin), or vascular function, as measured by brachial artery reactivity. CONCLUSIONS Although menstrual cycle phase affects total cholesterol and HDL levels, it does not affect other markers of cardiovascular risk in young women with regular menstrual cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Saxena
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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32
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Henagan TM, Forney L, Dietrich MA, Harrell BR, Stewart LK. Melanocortin receptor expression is associated with reduced CRP in response to resistance training. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:393-400. [PMID: 22678961 PMCID: PMC4422369 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00107.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The existing paradigm of exercise-induced decreases in chronic inflammation focuses on the expression of inflammatory receptors on systemic monocytes in response to exercise training, with the role of anti-inflammatory receptors largely ignored. Our recent preliminary studies indicate that the anti-inflammatory melanocortin receptors (MCRs) may play a role in modulating exercise-induced decreases in chronic inflammation. Here, we present a study designed to determine the effect of intense, resistance exercise training on systemic monocyte MCR expression. Because low-grade chronic inflammation is associated with elevated cardiometabolic risk in healthy populations and exercise decreases chronic inflammation, we investigated the associations between systemic monocyte cell surface expression of MCRs and inflammatory markers as a possible mechanism for the beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of resistance training. To this end, the present study includes 40 adults (aged 19-27 yr) and implements a 12-wk periodized, intensive resistance training intervention. Melanocortin 1 and 3 receptor expression on systemic monocytes and inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-10, were measured before and after the intervention. Resistance training significantly altered MCR systemic monocyte cell surface expression, had no chronic effects on IL-6, IL-1β, or IL-10 expression, but significantly decreased CRP levels from a moderate to a low cardiovascular disease risk category. More specifically, decreased melanocortin 3 receptor expression significantly correlated with decreased CRP, independent of changes in adiposity. These data suggest that the observed responses in MCR expression and decreases in cardiovascular disease risk in response to resistance training represent an important anti-inflammatory mechanism in regulating exercise-induced decreases in chronic inflammation that occur independent of chronic changes in systemic cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara M Henagan
- Neurosignaling Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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McNeil J, Doucet É. Possible factors for altered energy balance across the menstrual cycle: a closer look at the severity of PMS, reward driven behaviors and leptin variations. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012; 163:5-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gaskins AJ, Wilchesky M, Mumford SL, Whitcomb BW, Browne RW, Wactawski-Wende J, Perkins NJ, Schisterman EF. Endogenous reproductive hormones and C-reactive protein across the menstrual cycle: the BioCycle Study. Am J Epidemiol 2012; 175:423-31. [PMID: 22306563 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is one of the most commonly used markers of acute phase reaction in clinical settings and predictors of cardiovascular risk in healthy women; however, data on its physiologic regulation in premenopausal women are sparse. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between endogenous reproductive hormones and CRP in the BioCycle Study (2005-2007). Women aged 18-44 years from western New York were followed prospectively for up to 2 menstrual cycles (n = 259). Serum levels of CRP, estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone were measured up to 8 times per cycle, timed by fertility monitors. CRP levels varied significantly across the cycle (P < 0.001). More women were classified as being at elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CRP, >3 mg/L) during menses compared with other phases (12.3% vs. 7.4%; P < 0.001). A 10-fold increase in estradiol was associated with a 24.3% decrease in CRP (95% confidence interval: 19.3, 29.0). A 10-fold increase in luteal progesterone was associated with a 19.4% increase in CRP (95% confidence interval: 8.4, 31.5). These results support the hypothesis that endogenous estradiol might have antiinflammatory effects and highlight the need for standardization of CRP measurement to menstrual cycle phase in reproductive-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey J Gaskins
- Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Daray LA, Henagan TM, Zanovec M, Earnest CP, Johnson LG, Winchester J, Tuuri G, Stewart LK. Endurance and resistance training lowers C-reactive protein in young, healthy females. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2011; 36:660-70. [PMID: 21970447 DOI: 10.1139/h11-077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether endurance (E) or endurance + resistance (ER) training affects C-reactive protein (CRP) and if these changes are related to alterations in fitness and (or) body composition in young females. Thirty-eight females (aged 18-24 years) were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: (1) E, (2) ER or (3) active control (AC). The E and ER groups completed 15 weeks of marathon training. The ER group performed additional resistance training and the AC group maintained their usual exercise routine. Primary outcomes were measured pre- and post-training and included anthropometric indices, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, plasma CRP, time to complete 1.5 miles (in minutes), and upper and lower body strength tests (i.e., 8 repetition max on bench and leg press (ER group only)). There were no differences in any variable among the groups at baseline. After training, the E group decreased time to complete 1.5 miles (p < 0.05). The AC group decreased percent and absolute body fat while the E group decreased percent body fat, absolute body fat, and android and gynoid body fat (p < 0.05). The ER group significantly improved strength (p < 0.001) and reduced plasma CRP from 2.0 ± 1.1 to 0.8 ± 0.3 mg·L(-1) (p = 0.03). No significant associations were observed between CRP and measures of body composition or aerobic capacity. Combined endurance and resistance training may be an effective modality for reducing plasma CRP in young adult females independent of changes in aerobic capacity or body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Daray
- Department of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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