1
|
Goodchild J, Chen YJ, Blythe J, Firth LC, Hirst E, Bess K, Bristow J, Willis J, Baines R, Cash F, Muehlebach M, Buchholz A, Rendler S, Earley F, Crossthwaite A. A novel class of insecticidal alkylsulfones are potent inhibitors of vesicular acetylcholine transport. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 201:105854. [PMID: 38685234 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Pyridine alkylsulfone derivatives typified by oxazosulfyl (Sumitomo Chemical Company Ltd.) and compound A2 (Syngenta) represent a new class of insecticides, with potent activity against several insect orders. Whilst the MOA of this class has been attributed to interaction with the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), here we present strong evidence that their toxicity to insects is mediated primarily through inhibition of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). Alkylsulfone intoxication in insects is characterised by (i) a reduction in cholinergic synaptic transmission efficiency demonstrated by a depression of cercal afferent activity in giant-interneurone preparations of American cockroach (Periplaneta americana), (ii) selective block of cholinergic-transmission dependent post-synaptic potentials in the Drosophila giant-fibre pathway and (iii) abolition of miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents (mEPSCs) in an identified synapse in Drosophila larvae. Ligand-binding studies using a tritiated example compound ([3H]-A1) revealed a single saturable binding-site, with low nanomolar Kd value, in membrane fractions of green bottle fly (Lucilia sericata). Binding is inhibited by vesamicol and by several examples of a previously identified class of insecticidal compounds known to target VAChT, the spiroindolines. Displacement of this binding by analogues of the radioligand reveals a strong correlation with insecticidal potency. No specific binding was detected in untransformed PC12 cells but a PC12 line stably expressing Drosophila VAChT showed similar affinity for [3H]-A1 as that seen in fly head membrane preparations. Previously identified VAChT point mutations confer resistance to the spiroindoline class of insecticides in Drosophila by Gal-4/UAS directed expression in cholinergic neurones and by CRISPR gene-editing of VAChT, but none of these flies show detectable cross-resistance to this new chemical class. Oxazosulfyl was previously shown to stabilise voltage-gated sodium channels in their slow-inactivated conformation with an IC50 value of 12.3μM but inhibits binding of [3H]-A1 with approximately 5000 times greater potency. We believe this chemistry class represents a novel mode-of-action with high potential for invertebrate selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Goodchild
- Syngenta, Bioscience, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK.
| | - Ying-Ju Chen
- Syngenta, Bioscience, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Judith Blythe
- Syngenta, Bioscience, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Lucy C Firth
- Syngenta, Bioscience, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Elizabeth Hirst
- Syngenta, Bioscience, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Kirsty Bess
- Syngenta, Bioscience, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Julia Bristow
- Syngenta, Bioscience, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Jenny Willis
- Syngenta, Bioscience, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Richard Baines
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Francesca Cash
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Michel Muehlebach
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Anke Buchholz
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Rendler
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Fergus Earley
- Syngenta, Bioscience, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Andrew Crossthwaite
- Syngenta, Bioscience, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ye J, Chen H, Wang K, Wang Y, Ammerman A, Awasthi S, Xu J, Liu B, Li W. Structural insights into vesicular monoamine storage and drug interactions. Nature 2024; 629:235-243. [PMID: 38499039 PMCID: PMC11070986 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Biogenic monoamines-vital transmitters orchestrating neurological, endocrinal and immunological functions1-5-are stored in secretory vesicles by vesicular monoamine transporters (VMATs) for controlled quantal release6,7. Harnessing proton antiport, VMATs enrich monoamines around 10,000-fold and sequester neurotoxicants to protect neurons8-10. VMATs are targeted by an arsenal of therapeutic drugs and imaging agents to treat and monitor neurodegenerative disorders, hypertension and drug addiction1,8,11-16. However, the structural mechanisms underlying these actions remain unclear. Here we report eight cryo-electron microscopy structures of human VMAT1 in unbound form and in complex with four monoamines (dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin and histamine), the Parkinsonism-inducing MPP+, the psychostimulant amphetamine and the antihypertensive drug reserpine. Reserpine binding captures a cytoplasmic-open conformation, whereas the other structures show a lumenal-open conformation stabilized by extensive gating interactions. The favoured transition to this lumenal-open state contributes to monoamine accumulation, while protonation facilitates the cytoplasmic-open transition and concurrently prevents monoamine binding to avoid unintended depletion. Monoamines and neurotoxicants share a binding pocket that possesses polar sites for specificity and a wrist-and-fist shape for versatility. Variations in this pocket explain substrate preferences across the SLC18 family. Overall, these structural insights and supporting functional studies elucidate the mechanism of vesicular monoamine transport and provide the basis to develop therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases and substance abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Huaping Chen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kaituo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aaron Ammerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samjhana Awasthi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jinbin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA.
| | - Weikai Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is a proton-dependent antiporter responsible for loading monoamine neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles. Dysregulation of VMAT2 can lead to several neuropsychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Furthermore, drugs such as amphetamine and MDMA are known to act on VMAT2, exemplifying its role in the mechanisms of actions for drugs of abuse. Despite VMAT2's importance, there remains a critical lack of mechanistic understanding, largely driven by a lack of structural information. Here, we report a 3.1 Å resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of VMAT2 complexed with tetrabenazine (TBZ), a non-competitive inhibitor used in the treatment of Huntington's chorea. We find TBZ interacts with residues in a central binding site, locking VMAT2 in an occluded conformation and providing a mechanistic basis for non-competitive inhibition. We further identify residues critical for cytosolic and lumenal gating, including a cluster of hydrophobic residues which are involved in a lumenal gating strategy. Our structure also highlights three distinct polar networks that may determine VMAT2 conformational dynamics and play a role in proton transduction. The structure elucidates mechanisms of VMAT2 inhibition and transport, providing insights into VMAT2 architecture, function, and the design of small-molecule therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Dalton
- Department of Structural Biology, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Mary Hongying Cheng
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookUnited States
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookUnited States
| | - Jonathan A Coleman
- Department of Structural Biology, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu D, Chen Q, Yu Z, Huang B, Zhao J, Wang Y, Su J, Zhou F, Yan R, Li N, Zhao Y, Jiang D. Transport and inhibition mechanisms of human VMAT2. Nature 2024; 626:427-434. [PMID: 38081299 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) accumulates monoamines in presynaptic vesicles for storage and exocytotic release, and has a vital role in monoaminergic neurotransmission1-3. Dysfunction of monoaminergic systems causes many neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, hyperkinetic movement disorders and depression4-6. Suppressing VMAT2 with reserpine and tetrabenazine alleviates symptoms of hypertension and Huntington's disease7,8, respectively. Here we describe cryo-electron microscopy structures of human VMAT2 complexed with serotonin and three clinical drugs at 3.5-2.8 Å, demonstrating the structural basis for transport and inhibition. Reserpine and ketanserin occupy the substrate-binding pocket and lock VMAT2 in cytoplasm-facing and lumen-facing states, respectively, whereas tetrabenazine binds in a VMAT2-specific pocket and traps VMAT2 in an occluded state. The structures in three distinct states also reveal the structural basis of the VMAT2 transport cycle. Our study establishes a structural foundation for the mechanistic understanding of substrate recognition, transport, drug inhibition and pharmacology of VMAT2 while shedding light on the rational design of potential therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qihao Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoya Yu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Beijing StoneWise Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Su
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Beijing StoneWise Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Daohua Jiang
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dalton MP, Cheng MH, Bahar I, Coleman JA. Structural mechanisms for VMAT2 inhibition by tetrabenazine. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.05.556211. [PMID: 37732203 PMCID: PMC10508774 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.05.556211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is a proton-dependent antiporter responsible for loading monoamine neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles. Dysregulation of VMAT2 can lead to several neuropsychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Furthermore, drugs such as amphetamine and MDMA are known to act on VMAT2, exemplifying its role in the mechanisms of actions for drugs of abuse. Despite VMAT2's importance, there remains a critical lack of mechanistic understanding, largely driven by a lack of structural information. Here we report a 3.1 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of VMAT2 complexed with tetrabenazine (TBZ), a non-competitive inhibitor used in the treatment of Huntington's chorea. We find TBZ interacts with residues in a central binding site, locking VMAT2 in an occluded conformation and providing a mechanistic basis for non-competitive inhibition. We further identify residues critical for cytosolic and lumenal gating, including a cluster of hydrophobic residues which are involved in a lumenal gating strategy. Our structure also highlights three distinct polar networks that may determine VMAT2 conformational dynamics and play a role in proton transduction. The structure elucidates mechanisms of VMAT2 inhibition and transport, providing insights into VMAT2 architecture, function, and the design of small-molecule therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Dalton
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Mary Hongying Cheng
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jonathan A Coleman
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Zhang P, Chao Y, Zhu Z, Yang C, Zhou Z, Li Y, Long Y, Liu Y, Li D, Wang S, Qu Q. Transport and inhibition mechanism for VMAT2-mediated synaptic vesicle loading of monoamines. Cell Res 2024; 34:47-57. [PMID: 38163846 PMCID: PMC10770148 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine are loaded by vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) into synaptic vesicles for storage and subsequent release in neurons. Impaired VMAT2 function underlies various neuropsychiatric diseases. VMAT2 inhibitors reserpine and tetrabenazine are used to treat hypertension, movement disorders associated with Huntington's Disease and Tardive Dyskinesia. Despite its physiological and pharmacological significance, the structural basis underlying VMAT2 substrate recognition and its inhibition by various inhibitors remains unknown. Here we present cryo-EM structures of human apo VMAT2 in addition to states bound to serotonin, tetrabenazine, and reserpine. These structures collectively capture three states, namely the lumen-facing, occluded, and cytosol-facing conformations. Notably, tetrabenazine induces a substantial rearrangement of TM2 and TM7, extending beyond the typical rocker-switch movement. These functionally dynamic snapshots, complemented by biochemical analysis, unveil the essential components responsible for ligand recognition, elucidate the proton-driven exchange cycle, and provide a framework to design improved pharmaceutics targeting VMAT2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Wang
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecule Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Chao
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhini Zhu
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanhui Yang
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixuan Zhou
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaohui Li
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghui Long
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuehua Liu
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dianfan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecule Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecule Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qianhui Qu
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alwindi M, Bizanti A. Vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) regional expression and roles in pathological conditions. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22413. [PMID: 38034713 PMCID: PMC10687066 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicular monoamine transporters (VMATs) are key regulators of neurotransmitter release responsible for controlling numerous physiological, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions. They represent important therapeutic targets for numerous pathological conditions. There are two isoforms of VMAT transporter proteins that function as secondary active transporters into the vesicle for storage and release via exocytosis: VMAT1 (SLC18A1) and VMAT2 (SLC18A2) which differ in their function, quantity, and regional expression. VMAT2 has gained considerable interest as a therapeutic target and diagnostic marker. Inhibitors of VMAT2 have been used as an effective therapy for a range of pathological conditions. Additionally, the functionality and phenotypic classification of classical and nonclassical catecholaminergic neurons are identified by the presence of VMAT2 in catecholaminergic neurons. Dysregulation of VMAT2 is also implicated in many neuropsychiatric diseases. Despite the complex role of VMAT2, many aspects of its function remain unclear. Therefore, our aim is to expand our knowledge of the role of VMAT with a special focus on VMAT2 in different systems and cellular pathways which may potentially facilitate development of novel, more specific therapeutic targets. The current review provides a summary demonstrating the mechanism of action of VMAT, its functional role, and its contribution to disease progression and utilization as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malik Alwindi
- St George's University Hospital, London SW17 0QT, United Kingdom
| | - Ariege Bizanti
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee Y, Tjeerdema E, Kling S, Chang N, Hamdoun A. Solute carrier (SLC) expression reveals skeletogenic cell diversity. Dev Biol 2023; 503:68-82. [PMID: 37611888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Within the developing embryo is a microcosm of cell type diversity. Single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) is used to reveal cell types, typically by grouping cells according to their gene regulatory states. However, both across and within these regulatory states are additional layers of cellular diversity represented by the differential expression of genes that govern cell function. Here, we analyzed scRNA-seq data representing the late gastrula stage of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) to understand the patterning of transporters belonging to the ABC and SLC families. These transporters handle diverse substrates from amino acids to signaling molecules, nutrients and xenobiotics. Using transporter-based clustering, we identified unique transporter patterns that are both shared across cell lineages, as well as those that were unique to known cell types. We further explored three patterns of transporter expression in mesodermal cells including secondary mesenchyme cells (pigment cells and blastocoelar cells) and skeletogenic cells (primary mesenchyme cells). The results revealed the enrichment of SMTs potentially involved in nutrient absorption (SLC5A9, SLC7A11, SLC35F3, and SLC52A3) and skeletogenesis (SLC9A3, SLC13A2/3/5, and SLC39A13) in pigment cells and blastocoelar cells respectively. The results indicated that the strategy of clustering by cellular activity can be useful for discovering cellular populations that would otherwise remain obscured.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Lee
- Center for Marine Biology and Biomedicine Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Evan Tjeerdema
- Center for Marine Biology and Biomedicine Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Svenja Kling
- Center for Marine Biology and Biomedicine Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Nathan Chang
- Center for Marine Biology and Biomedicine Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Amro Hamdoun
- Center for Marine Biology and Biomedicine Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pan J, Zhang L, Wang X, Li L, Yang C, Wang Z, Su K, Hu X, Zhang Y, Ren G, Jiang J, Li P, Huang J. Chronic stress induces pulmonary epithelial cells to produce acetylcholine that remodels lung pre-metastatic niche of breast cancer by enhancing NETosis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:255. [PMID: 37773152 PMCID: PMC10540414 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress promotes most hallmarks of cancer through impacting the malignant tissues, their microenvironment, immunity, lymphatic flow, etc. Existing studies mainly focused on the roles of stress-induced activation of systemic sympathetic nervous system and other stress-induced hormones, the organ specificity of chronic stress in shaping the pre-metastatic niche remains largely unknown. This study investigated the role of chronic stress in remodeling lung pre-metastatic niche of breast cancer. METHODS Breast cancer mouse models with chronic stress were constructed by restraint or unpredictable stress. Expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase, vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), EpCAM and NETosis were examined by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. mRNA and protein levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), VAChT, and peptidylarginine deiminase 4 were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Immune cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Acetylcholine (ACh) and chemokines were detected by ELISA and multi chemokine array, respectively. ChAT in lung tissues from patients was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Breast cancer-bearing mice suffered chronic stress metastasized earlier and showed more severe lung metastasis than did mice in control group. VAChT, ChAT and ChAT+ epithelial cells were increased significantly in lung of model mice undergone chronic stress. ACh and chemokines especially CXCL2 in lung culture supernatants from model mice with chronic stress were profoundly increased. Chronic stress remodeled lung immune cell subsets with striking increase of neutrophils, enhanced NETosis in lung and promoted NETotic neutrophils to capture cancer cells. ACh treatment resulted in enhanced NETosis of neutrophils. The expression of ChAT in lung tissues from breast cancer patients with lung metastasis was significantly higher than that in patients with non-tumor pulmonary diseases. CONCLUSIONS Chronic stress promotes production of CXCL2 that recruits neutrophils into lung, and induces pulmonary epithelial cells to produce ACh that enhances NETosis of neutrophils. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that chronic stress induced epithelial cell derived ACh plays a key role in remodeling lung pre-metastatic niche of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Pan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Leyi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenghui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Ke Su
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Guohong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jiahuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China.
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cattabriga G, Giordani G, Gargiulo G, Cavaliere V. Effect of aminergic signaling on the humoral innate immunity response of Drosophila. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1249205. [PMID: 37693001 PMCID: PMC10483126 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1249205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines are crucial signaling molecules that modulate various physiological life functions both in vertebrates and invertebrates. In humans, these neurotransmitters influence the innate and adaptive immunity systems. In this work, we analyzed whether the aminergic neurotransmission of dopamine, serotonin, and octopamine could have an impact on the humoral innate immune response of Drosophila melanogaster. This is a powerful model system widely used to uncover the insect innate immunity mechanisms which are also conserved in mammals. We found that the neurotransmission of all these amines positively modulates the Toll-responsive antimicrobial peptide (AMP) drosomycin (drs) gene in adult flies infected with the Micrococcus luteus bacterium. Indeed, we showed that either blocking the neurotransmission in their specific aminergic neurons by expressing shibirets (Shits) or silencing the vesicular monoamine transporter gene (dVMAT) by RNAi caused a significantly reduced expression of the Toll-responsive drs gene. However, upon M. luteus infection, the block of aminergic transmission did not alter the expression of AMP attacin genes responding to the immune deficiency (Imd) and Toll pathways. Overall, our results not only reveal a neuroimmune function for biogenic amines in humoral immunity but also further highlight the complexity of the network controlling AMP gene regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cattabriga
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Giordani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gargiulo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Cavaliere
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Goulty M, Botton-Amiot G, Rosato E, Sprecher SG, Feuda R. The monoaminergic system is a bilaterian innovation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3284. [PMID: 37280201 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamines like serotonin, dopamine, and adrenaline/noradrenaline (epinephrine/norepinephrine) act as neuromodulators in the nervous system. They play a role in complex behaviours, cognitive functions such as learning and memory formation, as well as fundamental homeostatic processes such as sleep and feeding. However, the evolutionary origin of the genes required for monoaminergic modulation is uncertain. Using a phylogenomic approach, in this study, we show that most of the genes involved in monoamine production, modulation, and reception originated in the bilaterian stem group. This suggests that the monoaminergic system is a bilaterian novelty and that its evolution may have contributed to the Cambrian diversification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Goulty
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Gaelle Botton-Amiot
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ezio Rosato
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Simon G Sprecher
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Feuda
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicestershire, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Luo L, Ou Y, Zhang Q, Gan X. Discovery of 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives Containing Haloalkyl as Potential Acetylcholine Receptor Nematicides. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065773. [PMID: 36982843 PMCID: PMC10058719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes pose a serious threat to crops and cause substantial financial losses due to control difficulties. Tioxazafen (3-phenyl-5-thiophen-2-yl-1,2,4-oxadiazole) is a novel broad-spectrum nematicide developed by the Monsanto Company, which shows good prevention effects on many kinds of nematodes. To discover compounds with high nematocidal activities, 48 derivatives of 1,2,4-oxadiazole were obtained by introducing haloalkyl at the 5-position of tioxazafen, and their nematocidal activities were systematically evaluated. The bioassays revealed that most of 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives showed remarkable nematocidal activities against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Aphelenchoides besseyi, and Ditylenchus dipsaci. Notably, compound A1 showed excellent nematocidal activity against B. xylophilus with LC50 values of 2.4 μg/mL, which was superior to that of avermectin (335.5 μg/mL), tioxazafen (>300 μg/mL), and fosthiazate (436.9 μg/mL). The transcriptome and enzyme activity results indicate that the nematocidal activity of compound A1 was mainly related to the compound which affected the acetylcholine receptor of B. xylophilus.
Collapse
|
13
|
Campos ACP, Pople C, Silk E, Surendrakumar S, Rabelo TK, Meng Y, Gouveia FV, Lipsman N, Giacobbe P, Hamani C. Neurochemical mechanisms of deep brain stimulation for depression in animal models. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 68:11-26. [PMID: 36640729 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a neuromodulation therapy for treatment-resistant depression, but its actual efficacy and mechanisms of action are still unclear. Changes in neurochemical transmission are important mechanisms of antidepressant therapies. Here, we review the preclinical DBS literature reporting behavioural and neurochemical data associated with its antidepressant-like effects. The most commonly studied target in preclinical models was the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). In rodents, DBS delivered to this target induced serotonin (5-HT) release and increased 5-HT1B receptor expression. The antidepressant-like effects of vmPFC DBS seemed to be independent of the serotonin transporter and potentially mediated by the direct modulation of prefrontal projections to the raphe. Adenosinergic and glutamatergic transmission might have also play a role. Medial forebrain bundle (MFB) DBS increased dopamine levels and reduced D2 receptor expression, whereas nucleus accumbens (NAcc), and lateral habenula (LHb) stimulation increased catecholamine levels in different brain regions. In rodents, subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS induced robust depression-like responses associated with a reduction in serotonergic transmission, as revealed by a decrease in serotonin release. Some of these effects seemed to be mediated by 5HT1A receptors. In conclusion, the antidepressant-like effects of DBS in preclinical models have been well documented in multiple targets. Though variable mechanisms have been proposed, DBS-induced acute and long-term changes in neurochemical substrates seem to play an important role in the antidepressant-like effects of this therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina P Campos
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Christopher Pople
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Esther Silk
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Shanan Surendrakumar
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Thallita K Rabelo
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Ying Meng
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Flavia Venetucci Gouveia
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Peter Giacobbe
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chung WK, Hwang I, Kim B, Jung J, Yu KS, Jang IJ, Oh J. Pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of valbenazine in Korean CYP2D6 normal and intermediate metabolizers. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:512-523. [PMID: 36514192 PMCID: PMC10014685 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Valbenazine is a selective vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor approved for tardive dyskinesia treatment by the US Food and Drug Administration; its major active metabolite (NBI-98782) is a 45-fold more potent inhibitor of VMAT2 than the parent drug. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PKs), safety, and tolerability and the effect of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) genotypes to the PKs after the administration of valbenazine in Korean participants. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-dose study was conducted in healthy Korean male participants. The single-dose study was conducted for both 40 and 80 mg valbenazine and the multiple dose study was conducted for 40 mg. After a 1-week washout, the 40 mg dose group participants received valbenazine 40 mg or placebo once daily for 8 days. Serial blood samples were collected up to 96 h postdose for PK analysis. The CYP2D6 genotypes of the participants were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 50 participants were randomized, and 43 and 20 participants completed the single- and multiple-dose phases of the study, respectively. After single doses, the PK characteristics of valbenazine and its metabolites were similar between the 40 and 80 mg dose groups. After multiple doses, the mean accumulation ratios of valbenazine and NBI-98782 were ~1.6 and 2.4, respectively. Plasma concentrations of valbenazine and NBI-98782 were similar between CYP2D6 normal and intermediate metabolizers. Valbenazine was well-tolerated in healthy Koreans, and its PK characteristics were similar to results previously reported in Americans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Kyung Chung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inyoung Hwang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byungwook Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyun Jung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Jin Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeseong Oh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Juza R, Musilek K, Mezeiova E, Soukup O, Korabecny J. Recent advances in dopamine D 2 receptor ligands in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:55-211. [PMID: 36111795 DOI: 10.1002/med.21923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is a biologically active amine synthesized in the central and peripheral nervous system. This biogenic monoamine acts by activating five types of dopamine receptors (D1-5 Rs), which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor family. Antagonists and partial agonists of D2 Rs are used to treat schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety. The typical pharmacophore with high D2 R affinity comprises four main areas, namely aromatic moiety, cyclic amine, central linker and aromatic/heteroaromatic lipophilic fragment. From the literature reviewed herein, we can conclude that 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl), 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-, 4-(benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-1-substituted piperazine, and 4-(6-fluorobenzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)piperidine moieties are critical for high D2 R affinity. Four to six atoms chains are optimal for D2 R affinity with 4-butoxyl as the most pronounced one. The bicyclic aromatic/heteroaromatic systems are most frequently occurring as lipophilic appendages to retain high D2 R affinity. In this review, we provide a thorough overview of the therapeutic potential of D2 R modulators in the treatment of the aforementioned disorders. In addition, this review summarizes current knowledge about these diseases, with a focus on the dopaminergic pathway underlying these pathologies. Major attention is paid to the structure, function, and pharmacology of novel D2 R ligands, which have been developed in the last decade (2010-2021), and belong to the 1,4-disubstituted aromatic cyclic amine group. Due to the abundance of data, allosteric D2 R ligands and D2 R modulators from patents are not discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Juza
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiova
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Syu GD, Sutandy FXR, Chen K, Cheng Y, Chen CS, Shih JC. Autoantibody profiling of monoamine oxidase A knockout mice, an autism spectrum disorder model. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 107:193-200. [PMID: 36243286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) is the critical enzyme to degrade serotonin in the brain and the knockout mouse exhibits hyperserotonemia and abnormalities that are observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Thus, the MAO A knockout mouse is a valuable model for studying neurological and behavioral impairments in ASD. Based on the immune dysfunction hypothesis, dysregulated humoral immunity may cause neurological impairments. To address this hypothesis, we use high-density proteome microarray to profile the serum antibodies in both wild-type and MAO A knockout mice. The distingue autoantibody signatures were observed in the MAO A knockout and wild-type controls and showed 165 up-regulated and 232 down-regulated autoantibodies. The up-regulated autoantibodies were prone to target brain tissues while down-regulated ones were enriched in sex organs. The identified autoantibodies help bridge the gap between ASD mouse models and humoral immunity, not only yielding insights into the pathological mechanisms but also providing potential biomarkers for translational research in ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Da Syu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - F X Reymond Sutandy
- Institute for Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kevin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yawei Cheng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan; Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sheng Chen
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Jean C Shih
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA; USC-Taiwan Center for Translational Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brosch PK, Korsa T, Taban D, Eiring P, Hildebrand S, Neubauer J, Zimmermann H, Sauer M, Shirakashi R, Djuzenova CS, Sisario D, Sukhorukov VL. Glucose and Inositol Transporters, SLC5A1 and SLC5A3, in Glioblastoma Cell Migration. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5794. [PMID: 36497276 PMCID: PMC9738886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The recurrence of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is mainly due to invasion of the surrounding brain tissue, where organic solutes, including glucose and inositol, are abundant. Invasive cell migration has been linked to the aberrant expression of transmembrane solute-linked carriers (SLC). Here, we explore the role of glucose (SLC5A1) and inositol transporters (SLC5A3) in GBM cell migration. (2) Methods: Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we visualized the subcellular localization of SLC5A1 and SLC5A3 in two highly motile human GBM cell lines. We also employed wound-healing assays to examine the effect of SLC inhibition on GBM cell migration and examined the chemotactic potential of inositol. (3) Results: While GBM cell migration was significantly increased by extracellular inositol and glucose, it was strongly impaired by SLC transporter inhibition. In the GBM cell monolayers, both SLCs were exclusively detected in the migrating cells at the monolayer edge. In single GBM cells, both transporters were primarily localized at the leading edge of the lamellipodium. Interestingly, in GBM cells migrating via blebbing, SLC5A1 and SLC5A3 were predominantly detected in nascent and mature blebs, respectively. (4) Conclusion: We provide several lines of evidence for the involvement of SLC5A1 and SLC5A3 in GBM cell migration, thereby complementing the migration-associated transportome. Our findings suggest that SLC inhibition is a promising approach to GBM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippa K. Brosch
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Korsa
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Danush Taban
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Eiring
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Hildebrand
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Neubauer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Faculty of Marine Science, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1281, Chile
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ryo Shirakashi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Cholpon S. Djuzenova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dmitri Sisario
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir L. Sukhorukov
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hurben AK, Tretyakova NY. Role of Protein Damage Inflicted by Dopamine Metabolites in Parkinson's Disease: Evidence, Tools, and Outlook. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1789-1804. [PMID: 35994383 PMCID: PMC10225972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter that plays a critical role in motivational salience and motor coordination. However, dysregulated dopamine metabolism can result in the formation of reactive electrophilic metabolites which generate covalent adducts with proteins. Such protein damage can impair native protein function and lead to neurotoxicity, ultimately contributing to Parkinson's disease etiology. In this Review, the role of dopamine-induced protein damage in Parkinson's disease is discussed, highlighting the novel chemical tools utilized to drive this effort forward. Continued innovation of methodologies which enable detection, quantification, and functional response elucidation of dopamine-derived protein adducts is critical for advancing this field. Work in this area improves foundational knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to dopamine-mediated Parkinson's disease progression, potentially assisting with future development of therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K. Hurben
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Natalia Y. Tretyakova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sheta R, Teixeira M, Idi W, Pierre M, de Rus Jacquet A, Emond V, Zorca CE, Vanderperre B, Durcan TM, Fon EA, Calon F, Chahine M, Oueslati A. Combining NGN2 programming and dopaminergic patterning for a rapid and efficient generation of hiPSC-derived midbrain neurons. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17176. [PMID: 36229560 PMCID: PMC9562300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of human derived induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) differentiated to dopaminergic (DA) neurons offers a valuable experimental model to decorticate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. However, the existing approaches present with several limitations, notably the lengthy time course of the protocols and the high variability in the yield of DA neurons. Here we report on the development of an improved approach that combines neurogenin-2 programming with the use of commercially available midbrain differentiation kits for a rapid, efficient, and reproducible directed differentiation of hiPSCs to mature and functional induced DA (iDA) neurons, with minimum contamination by other brain cell types. Gene expression analysis, associated with functional characterization examining neurotransmitter release and electrical recordings, support the functional identity of the iDA neurons to A9 midbrain neurons. iDA neurons showed selective vulnerability when exposed to 6-hydroxydopamine, thus providing a viable in vitro approach for modeling PD and for the screening of small molecules with neuroprotective proprieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razan Sheta
- grid.411081.d0000 0000 9471 1794CHU de Québec Research Center, Axe Neurosciences, Quebec City, Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Maxime Teixeira
- grid.411081.d0000 0000 9471 1794CHU de Québec Research Center, Axe Neurosciences, Quebec City, Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Walid Idi
- grid.411081.d0000 0000 9471 1794CHU de Québec Research Center, Axe Neurosciences, Quebec City, Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Marion Pierre
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390CERVO Brain Research Center, 2601, rue de La Canardière, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Aurelie de Rus Jacquet
- grid.411081.d0000 0000 9471 1794CHU de Québec Research Center, Axe Neurosciences, Quebec City, Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Vincent Emond
- grid.411081.d0000 0000 9471 1794CHU de Québec Research Center, Axe Neurosciences, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Cornelia E. Zorca
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649The Neuro’s Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Benoît Vanderperre
- grid.38678.320000 0001 2181 0211Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada ,Centre d’Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines – Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Montreal, Canada
| | - Thomas M. Durcan
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649The Neuro’s Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Edward A. Fon
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649The Neuro’s Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- grid.411081.d0000 0000 9471 1794CHU de Québec Research Center, Axe Neurosciences, Quebec City, Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Mohamed Chahine
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390CERVO Brain Research Center, 2601, rue de La Canardière, Quebec City, Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Abid Oueslati
- grid.411081.d0000 0000 9471 1794CHU de Québec Research Center, Axe Neurosciences, Quebec City, Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gomi H, Nagumo T, Asano K, Konosu M, Yasui T, Torii S, Hosaka M. Differential Expression of Secretogranins II and III in Canine Adrenal Chromaffin Cells and Pheochromocytomas. J Histochem Cytochem 2022; 70:335-356. [PMID: 35400231 PMCID: PMC9058372 DOI: 10.1369/00221554221091000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretogranin II (SgII) and III (SgIII) function within peptide hormone-producing cells and are involved in secretory granule formation. However, their function in active amine-producing cells is not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the expression profiles of SgII and SgIII in canine adrenal medulla and pheochromocytomas by immunohistochemical staining. In normal adrenal tissues, the intensity of coexpression of these two secretogranins (Sgs) differed from each chromaffin cell, although a complete match was not observed. The coexpression of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) with SgIII was similar to that with chromogranin A, but there was a subpopulation of VMAT2-expressing cells that were negative or hardly detectable for SgII. These results are the first to indicate that there are distinct expression patterns for SgII and SgIII in adrenal chromaffin cells. Furthermore, the expression of these two Sgs varied in intensity among pheochromocytomas and did not necessarily correlate with clinical plasma catecholamine levels in patients. However, compared with SgIII, the expression of SgII was shown to be strong at the single-cell level in some tumor tissues. These findings provide a fundamental understanding of the expression differences between SgII and SgIII in normal adrenal chromaffin cells and pheochromocytomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Gomi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Bioresource Sciences
| | - Takahiro Nagumo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Bioresource Sciences.,Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan; Division of Companion Animal Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kazushi Asano
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Bioresource Sciences
| | - Makoto Konosu
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Bioresource Sciences
| | - Tadashi Yasui
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Bioresource Sciences
| | - Seiji Torii
- Center for Food Science and Wellness, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hosaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Anandakrishnan R, Tobey H, Nguyen S, Sandoval O, Klein BG, Costa BM. Cranial manipulation affects cholinergic pathway gene expression in aged rats. J Osteopath Med 2022; 122:95-103. [PMID: 34995434 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2021-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Age-dependent dementia is a devastating disorder afflicting a growing older population. Although pharmacological agents improve symptoms of dementia, age-related comorbidities combined with adverse effects often outweigh their clinical benefits. Therefore, nonpharmacological therapies are being investigated as an alternative. In a previous pilot study, aged rats demonstrated improved spatial memory after osteopathic cranial manipulative medicine (OCMM) treatment. OBJECTIVES In this continuation of the pilot study, we examine the effect of OCMM on gene expression to elicit possible explanations for the improvement in spatial memory. METHODS OCMM was performed on six of 12 elderly rats every day for 7 days. Rats were then euthanized to obtain the brain tissue, from which RNA samples were extracted. RNA from three treated and three controls were of sufficient quality for sequencing. These samples were sequenced utilizing next-generation sequencing from Illumina NextSeq. The Cufflinks software suite was utilized to assemble transcriptomes and quantify the RNA expression level for each sample. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis revealed that OCMM significantly affected the expression of 36 genes in the neuronal pathway (false discovery rate [FDR] <0.004). The top five neuronal genes with the largest-fold change were part of the cholinergic neurotransmission mechanism, which is known to affect cognitive function. In addition, 39.9% of 426 significant differentially expressed (SDE) genes (FDR<0.004) have been previously implicated in neurological disorders. Overall, changes in SDE genes combined with their role in central nervous system signaling pathways suggest a connection to previously reported OCMM-induced behavioral and biochemical changes in aged rats. CONCLUSIONS Results from this pilot study provide sufficient evidence to support a more extensive study with a larger sample size. Further investigation in this direction will provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of OCMM and its potential in clinical applications. With clinical validation, OCMM could represent a much-needed low-risk adjunct treatment for age-related dementia including Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramu Anandakrishnan
- Biomedical Sciences, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Gibbs Cancer Center and Research Institute, Spartanburg, SC, USA
| | - Hope Tobey
- Sports and Osteopathic Medicine, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Steven Nguyen
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Osscar Sandoval
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Bradley G Klein
- Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Blaise M Costa
- Biomedical Sciences, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nag S, Jahan M, Tóth M, Nakao R, Varrone A, Halldin C. PET Imaging of VMAT2 with the Novel Radioligand [ 18F]FE-DTBZ-d4 in Nonhuman Primates: Comparison with [ 11C]DTBZ and [ 18F]FE-DTBZ. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4580-4586. [PMID: 34813272 PMCID: PMC8678981 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
The vesicular monoamine
transporter type 2 (VMAT2) is believed
to be responsible for the uptake of monoamines into the vesicles of
the synaptic terminals. Two VMAT2 radioligands [11C]DTBZ
and [18F]FP-DTBZ have been used to assess the degree of
nigrostriatal deficit in Parkinson’s disease (PD) using positron
emission tomography (PET). [18F]FE-DTBZ-d4, the nondeuterated
analogue of [18F]FE-DTBZ showed similar imaging properties
with better stability against defluorination. Therefore, [18F]FE-DTBZ-d4 draws attention to be investigated as an imaging marker
for VMAT2 in the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the
brain kinetics and quantification of [18F]FE-DTBZ-d4 in
nonhuman primates (NHPs), with comparison to [11C]DTBZ
and [18F]FE-DTBZ. Radiolabeling was successfully achieved
either by one-step 11C-methylation or by a two-step fluorine-18
nucleophilic substitution reaction. The stability and radiochemical
yield were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Three female cynomolgus monkeys were included in the study and underwent
a total of 12 positron emission tomography (PET) measurements. Each
monkey was examined with each tracer. In addition, two pretreatment
and one displacement PET measurements with tetrabenazine (2.0 mg/kg)
were performed for [18F]FE-DTBZ-d4. All PET measurements
were conducted using a high-resolution research tomograph (HRRT) system.
Radiometabolites were measured in monkey plasma using gradient radio-HPLC.
[18F]FE-DTBZ-d4 (SUV: 4.28 ± 1.01) displayed higher
brain uptake compared to both [18F]FE-DTBZ (SUV: 3.43 ±
0.54) and [11C]DTBZ (SUV: 3.06 ± 0.32) and faster
washout. Binding potential (BPND) values of [18F]FE-DTBZ-d4 in different brain regions (putamen: 5.5 ± 1.4;
caudate: 4.4 ± 1.1; midbrain: 1.4 ± 0.4) were higher than
those of [11C]DTBZ and [18F]FE-DTBZ. [18F]FE-DTBZ showed faster radiometabolism in plasma compared to [11C]DTBZ and [18F]FE-DTBZ-d4. [18F]FE-DTBZ-d4
is a suitable radioligand for quantification of VMAT2 in the nonhuman
primate brain, with better imaging properties than [11C]DTBZ
and [18F]FE-DTBZ. A preliminary comparison suggests that
[18F]FE-DTBZ-d4 has increased stability against defluorination
compared to the nondeuterated analogue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangram Nag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Mahabuba Jahan
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Miklós Tóth
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Ryuji Nakao
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Colorectal cancer in Crohn's disease evaluated with genes belonging to fibroblasts of the intestinal mucosa selected by NMF. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 229:153728. [PMID: 34953405 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a type of chronic, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which affects any part of the gastrointestinal tract. This study aims to understand the mechanism which activate mucosal fibroblasts in the microenvironment of the colon in CD and colorectal carcinomas and to extract fibroblasts phenotypes via a novel framework based on non-negative factorization of matrix (NMF). The results identify a fibroblast phenotype characterized by intense pro-inflammatory activity ensured by the presence of genes belonging to the APOBEC1 family, such as APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G. These results demonstrated that there is a difference in fibroblast response in producing a pro-tumorigenic effect in CD. The different activation mechanisms could represent useful biomarkers in controlling CD development without generalizing its significance as IBD.
Collapse
|
24
|
Lavrova AV, Gretskaya NM, Bezuglov VV. Role of Oxidative Stress in the Etiology of Parkinson’s Disease: Advanced Therapeutic Products. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021050307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
25
|
Miller DR, Bu AM, Gopinath A, Martinez LR, Khoshbouei H. Methamphetamine dysregulation of the central nervous system and peripheral immunity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 379:372-385. [PMID: 34535563 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a potent psychostimulant that increases extracellular monoamines such as dopamine and norepinephrine and affects multiple tissue and cell types. The reinforcing properties of METH underlie its significant abuse potential and dysregulation of peripheral immunity and central nervous system functions. Together, the constellation of METH's effects on cellular targets and regulatory processes have shown to lead to immune suppression and neurodegeneration in METH addicts and animal models of METH exposure. Here we extensively review many of the cell types and mechanisms of METH-induced dysregulation of the central nervous system and peripheral immune system. Significance Statement Emerging research has begun to show that methamphetamine not only regulates dopaminergic neuronal activity, it also affects non-neuronal brain cells, such as microglia and astrocytes as well immunological cells of the periphery. The bi-directional communication between dopaminergic neurons in the CNS and peripheral immune cells becomes dysregulated by a constellation of dysfunctional neuronal and cell types revealing multiple targets that must be considered at the interface between basic and clinical neuroscience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adithya Gopinath
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cagle BS, Sturgeon ML, O'Brien JB, Wilkinson JC, Cornell RA, Roman DL, Doorn JA. Stable expression of the human dopamine transporter in N27 cells as an in vitro model for dopamine cell trafficking and metabolism. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 76:105210. [PMID: 34252731 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) metabolism and cell trafficking are critical for the proper functioning of DA neurons. Disruption of these DA processes can yield toxic products and is implicated in neurological conditions including Parkinson's disease (PD). To investigate pathogenic mechanisms involving DA neurons, in vitro models that recapitulate DA metabolism and trafficking in vivo are crucial. N27 cells are a widely used model for PD; however, these cells exhibit little expression of the DA transporter (DAT) confounding studies of DA uptake and metabolism. This lack of adequate DAT expression calls into question the use of this cell line as a model to study DA cell trafficking and metabolism. To overcome this problem, we stably expressed the human DAT (hDAT) in N27 cells to develop cells that we named N27-BCD. This approach allows for characterization of toxicants that may alter DA metabolism, trafficking, and/or interactions with DAT. N27-BCD cells are more sensitive to the neurotoxins 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPTP/MPP+) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). N27-BCD cells allowed for clear observation of DA metabolism, whereas N27 cells did not. Here, we propose that stable expression of hDAT in N27 cells yields a useful model of DA neurons to study the impact of altered DA cell trafficking and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B S Cagle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 180 S Grand Ave. Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
| | - M L Sturgeon
- The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 451 Newton Road, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
| | - J B O'Brien
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 180 S Grand Ave. Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
| | - J C Wilkinson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 180 S Grand Ave. Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
| | - R A Cornell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Road Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
| | - D L Roman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 180 S Grand Ave. Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
| | - J A Doorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 180 S Grand Ave. Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zou L, Tian Y, Zhang Z. Dysfunction of Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis in Parkinson's Disease. Front Integr Neurosci 2021; 15:619160. [PMID: 34093144 PMCID: PMC8172812 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2021.619160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. It is a chronic and progressive disorder estimated to affect at least 4 million people worldwide. Although the etiology of PD remains unclear, it has been found that the dysfunction of synaptic vesicle endocytosis (SVE) in neural terminal happens before the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Recently, accumulating evidence reveals that the PD-linked synaptic genes, including DNAJC6, SYNJ1, and SH3GL2, significantly contribute to the disruptions of SVE, which is vital for the pathogenesis of PD. In addition, the proteins encoded by other PD-associated genes such as SNCA, LRRK2, PRKN, and DJ-1 also play key roles in the regulation of SVE. Here we present the facts about SVE-related genes and discussed their potential relevance to the pathogenesis of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zou
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
D'avila LF, Dias VT, Milanesi LH, Roversi K, Trevizol F, Maurer LH, Emanuelli T, Burger ME, Segat HJ. Interesterified fat consumption since gestation decreases striatal dopaminergic targets levels and gdnf impairing locomotion of adult offspring. Toxicol Lett 2020; 339:23-31. [PMID: 33359558 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Interesterified fat (IF) currently substitutes the hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF) in processed foods. However, the IF consumption impact on the central nervous system (CNS) has been poorly studied. The current study investigated connections between IF chronic consumption and locomotor impairments in early life period and adulthood of rats and access brain molecular targets related to behavior changes in adulthood offspring. During pregnancy and lactation, female rats received soybean oil (SO) or IF and their male pups received the same maternal supplementation from weaning until adulthood. Pups' motor ability and locomotor activity in adulthood were evaluated. In the adult offspring striatum, dopaminergic targets, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDFN) and lipid profile were quantified. Pups from IF supplementation group presented impaired learning concerning complex motor skill and sensorimotor behavior. The same animals showed decreased locomotion in adulthood. Moreover, IF group showed decreased immunoreactivity of all dopaminergic targets evaluated and GDNF, along with important changes in FA composition in striatum. This study shows that the brain modifications induce by IF consumption resulted in impaired motor control in pups and decreased locomotion in adult animals. Other studies about health damages induced by IF consumption may have a contribution from our current outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Ferraz D'avila
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Verônica Tironi Dias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Laura Hautrive Milanesi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Karine Roversi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Fabíola Trevizol
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Luana Haselein Maurer
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Marilise Escobar Burger
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Hecson Jesser Segat
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Controversy of TMEM230 Associated with Parkinson's Disease. Neuroscience 2020; 453:280-286. [PMID: 33212219 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease with movement disorders including resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. The key pathological features of PD are selective loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in substantial nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies (LBs). Mutations in TMEM230 (transmembrane protein 230) have been recently reported to play a pathological role and contribute to PD pathogenesis. TMEM230 gene encodes two isoforms of TMEM230 proteins, isoform I (183 amino acids) and isoform II (120 amino acids). The function of TMEM230 is not clear, but it may be involved in vesicle trafficking and recycling, autophagy, protein aggregation, and cell toxicity. There are four reported PD-linked TMEM230 mutations (p.Y92C, p.R141L, p.*184Wext*5, p.*184PGext*5). TMEM230-linked PD cases exhibit late-onset, good-response to levodopa, and typical clinical features of sporadic PD with DA neuronal loss in substantial nigra and Lewy body pathology. In this mini review, we recap the current literature of TMEM230 in genetic, neurobiological, and pathological studies in order to further understand the potential roles of TMEM230 in PD pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
30
|
Juza R, Vlcek P, Mezeiova E, Musilek K, Soukup O, Korabecny J. Recent advances with 5-HT 3 modulators for neuropsychiatric and gastrointestinal disorders. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1593-1678. [PMID: 32115745 DOI: 10.1002/med.21666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptophan [5-HT]) is a biologically active amine expressed in platelets, in gastrointestinal (GI) cells and, to a lesser extent, in the central nervous system (CNS). This biogenic compound acts through the activation of seven 5-HT receptors (5-HT1-7 Rs). The 5-HT3 R is a ligand-gated ion channel belonging to the Cys-loop receptor family. There is a wide variety of 5-HT3 R modulators, but only receptor antagonists (known as setrons) have been used clinically for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and irritable bowel syndrome treatment. However, since the discovery of the setrons in the mid-1980s, a large number of studies have been published exploring new potential applications due their potency in the CNS and mild side effects. The results of these studies have revealed new potential applications, including the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and drug abuse. In this review, we provide information related to therapeutic potential of 5-HT3 R antagonists on GI and neuropsychiatric disorders. The major attention is paid to the structure, function, and pharmacology of novel 5-HT3 R modulators developed over the past 10 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Juza
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Premysl Vlcek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Vujkovic M, Keaton JM, Lynch JA, Miller DR, Zhou J, Tcheandjieu C, Huffman JE, Assimes TL, Lorenz K, Zhu X, Hilliard AT, Judy RL, Huang J, Lee KM, Klarin D, Pyarajan S, Danesh J, Melander O, Rasheed A, Mallick NH, Hameed S, Qureshi IH, Afzal MN, Malik U, Jalal A, Abbas S, Sheng X, Gao L, Kaestner KH, Susztak K, Sun YV, DuVall SL, Cho K, Lee JS, Gaziano JM, Phillips LS, Meigs JB, Reaven PD, Wilson PW, Edwards TL, Rader DJ, Damrauer SM, O'Donnell CJ, Tsao PS, Chang KM, Voight BF, Saleheen D. Discovery of 318 new risk loci for type 2 diabetes and related vascular outcomes among 1.4 million participants in a multi-ancestry meta-analysis. Nat Genet 2020; 52:680-691. [PMID: 32541925 PMCID: PMC7343592 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated type 2 diabetes (T2D) genetic susceptibility via multi-ethnic meta-analysis of 228,499 cases and 1,178,783 controls in the Million Veteran Program, DIAMANTE, Biobank Japan, and other studies. We report 568 associations, including 286 autosomal, 7 X chromosomal, and 25 identified in ancestry-specific analyses that were previously unreported. Transcriptome-wide association analysis detected 3,568 T2D-associations with genetically predicted gene expression in 687 novel genes; of these, 54 are known to interact with FDA-approved drugs. A polygenic risk score was strongly associated with increased risk of T2D-related retinopathy and modestly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and neuropathy. We investigated the genetic etiology of T2D-related vascular outcomes in MVP and observed statistical SNP-T2D interactions at 13 variants, including coronary heart disease, CKD, PAD, and neuropathy. These findings may help to identify potential therapeutic targets for T2D and genomic pathways that link T2D to vascular outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Vujkovic
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob M Keaton
- Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julie A Lynch
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Donald R Miller
- Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial VA Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA.,Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Jin Zhou
- Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Catherine Tcheandjieu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly Lorenz
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiang Zhu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Austin T Hilliard
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Renae L Judy
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Global Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Kyung M Lee
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Derek Klarin
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Saiju Pyarajan
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Danesh
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | | | - Shahid Hameed
- Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Irshad H Qureshi
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.,Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Afzal
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.,Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Malik
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.,Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Anjum Jalal
- Department of Cardiology, Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Abbas
- Department of Cardiology, Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Long Gao
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yan V Sun
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Scott L DuVall
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Lee
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence S Phillips
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James B Meigs
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter D Reaven
- Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Peter W Wilson
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. .,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jiang S, Berger S, Hu Y, Bartsch D, Tian Y. Alterations of the Motor and Olfactory Functions Related to Parkinson's Disease in Transgenic Mice With a VMAT2-Deficiency in Dopaminergic Neurons. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:356. [PMID: 32410942 PMCID: PMC7198702 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, with approximately six million people affected worldwide. Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) dysfunction has recently become a hot topic in the pathophysiology of PD, and the advent of transgenic mice has also accelerated the development of behavioral studies in animal models. However, there are only a few systematic behavioral tests that embrace abundant motor and non-motor performance in a unique mutant mouse model which correspond to the varied symptoms observed in human PD. The aim of this study is to evaluate the responsibility of the unique reduction of dopamine in the varied motor and non-motor symptoms of PD via a transgenic mice model. We analyzed neurotransmitter concentrations in the brain tissue of 18-month-old mutant mice, with selective inactivation of one allele of Vmat2 in dopaminergic neurons (VMAT2DATcre-HET) to confirm the selective reduction of dopamine, and then examined behavioral functions. Neurochemical tests showed lower dopamine concentrations in specific brain regions of VMAT2DATcre-HET mice, especially the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra and striatum, together with relatively unchanging concentrations of norepinephrine and serotonin, demonstrating the dopaminergic specificity of this mouse model. Behavioral tasks showed impairments in several motor functions and major defects in olfactory abilities in the VMAT2DATcre-HET mice. However, no significant changes were found in the majority of non-motor tests, such as emotional performance and sleep patterns. We concluded from this study that the selective inactivation of one allele of the Vmat2 gene in dopaminergic neurons was related to dopamine reduction, resulting in phenotypes resembling some of the major deficits in PD, especially those of motor symptoms and olfactory functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Jiang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University Faculty of Medicine in Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Berger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University Faculty of Medicine in Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yajuan Hu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dusan Bartsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University Faculty of Medicine in Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cansler HL, Wright KN, Stetzik LA, Wesson DW. Neurochemical organization of the ventral striatum's olfactory tubercle. J Neurochem 2020; 152:425-448. [PMID: 31755104 PMCID: PMC7042089 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ventral striatum is a collection of brain structures, including the nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum and the olfactory tubercle (OT). While much attention has been devoted to the nucleus accumbens, a comprehensive understanding of the ventral striatum and its contributions to neurological diseases requires an appreciation for the complex neurochemical makeup of the ventral striatum's other components. This review summarizes the rich neurochemical composition of the OT, including the neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and hormones present. We also address the receptors and transporters involved in each system as well as their putative functional roles. Finally, we end with briefly reviewing select literature regarding neurochemical changes in the OT in the context of neurological disorders, specifically neurodegenerative disorders. By overviewing the vast literature on the neurochemical composition of the OT, this review will serve to aid future research into the neurobiology of the ventral striatum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hillary L Cansler
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Katherine N Wright
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lucas A Stetzik
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Daniel W Wesson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Moriyama Y, Hatano R, Moriyama S, Uehara S. Vesicular polyamine transporter as a novel player in amine-mediated chemical transmission. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183208. [PMID: 32004521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The solute carrier 18B1 (SLC18B1) is the most recently identified gene of the vesicular amine transporter family and is conserved in the animal kingdom from insects to humans. Proteoliposomes containing the purified human SLC18B1 protein transport not only monoamines, but also polyamines, such as spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm), using an electrochemical gradient of H+ established by vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) as the driving force. SLC18B1 gene knockdown abolished the exocytosis of polyamines from mast cells, which affected the secretion of histamine. SLC18B1 gene knockout decreased polyamine levels by ~20% in the brain, and impaired short- and long-term memory. Thus, the SLC18B1 protein is responsible for the vesicular storage and release of polyamines, and functions as a vesicular polyamine transporter (VPAT). VPAT may define when, where, and how polyamine-mediated chemical transmission occurs, providing insights into the more versatile and complex features of amine-mediated chemical transmission than currently considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Moriyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri 399-0781, Japan; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; CYRIC Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Ryo Hatano
- Department of Medicinal Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Satomi Moriyama
- Laboratory of Bio-Molecular Dynamics, Department of Collaborative Research, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Uehara
- Department of Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri 399-0781, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
The solute carrier transporters and the brain: Physiological and pharmacological implications. Asian J Pharm Sci 2019; 15:131-144. [PMID: 32373195 PMCID: PMC7193445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Solute carriers (SLCs) are the largest family of transmembrane transporters that determine the exchange of various substances, including nutrients, ions, metabolites, and drugs across biological membranes. To date, the presence of about 287 SLC genes have been identified in the brain, among which mutations or the resultant dysfunctions of 71 SLC genes have been reported to be correlated with human brain disorders. Although increasing interest in SLCs have focused on drug development, SLCs are currently still under-explored as drug targets, especially in the brain. We summarize the main substrates and functions of SLCs that are expressed in the brain, with an emphasis on selected SLCs that are important physiologically, pathologically, and pharmacologically in the blood-brain barrier, astrocytes, and neurons. Evidence suggests that a fraction of SLCs are regulated along with the occurrences of brain disorders, among which epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, and autism are representative. Given the review of SLCs involved in the onset and procession of brain disorders, we hope these SLCs will be screened as promising drug targets to improve drug delivery to the brain.
Collapse
|
36
|
Miras-Portugal MT, Menéndez-Méndez A, Gómez-Villafuertes R, Ortega F, Delicado EG, Pérez-Sen R, Gualix J. Physiopathological Role of the Vesicular Nucleotide Transporter (VNUT) in the Central Nervous System: Relevance of the Vesicular Nucleotide Release as a Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:224. [PMID: 31156398 PMCID: PMC6533569 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicular storage of neurotransmitters, which allows their subsequent exocytotic release, is essential for chemical transmission in the central nervous system. Neurotransmitter uptake into secretory vesicles is carried out by vesicular transporters, which use the electrochemical proton gradient generated by a vacuolar H+-ATPase to drive neurotransmitter vesicular accumulation. ATP and other nucleotides are relevant extracellular signaling molecules that participate in a variety of biological processes. Although the active transport of nucleotides into secretory vesicles has been characterized from the pharmacological and biochemical point of view, the protein responsible for such vesicular accumulation remained unidentified for some time. In 2008, the human SLC17A9 gene, the last identified member of the SLC17 transporters, was found to encode the vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT). VNUT is expressed in various ATP-secreting cells and is able to transport a wide variety of nucleotides in a vesicular membrane potential-dependent manner. VNUT knockout mice lack vesicular storage and release of ATP, resulting in blockage of the purinergic transmission. This review summarizes the current studies on VNUT and analyzes the physiological relevance of the vesicular nucleotide transport in the central nervous system. The possible role of VNUT in the development of some pathological processes, such as chronic neuropathic pain or glaucoma is also discussed. The putative involvement of VNUT in these pathologies raises the possibility of the use of VNUT inhibitors for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María T Miras-Portugal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Menéndez-Méndez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Gómez-Villafuertes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esmerilda G Delicado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Pérez-Sen
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Gualix
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Randesi M, van den Brink W, Levran O, Blanken P, van Ree JM, Ott J, Kreek MJ. VMAT2 gene ( SLC18A2) variants associated with a greater risk for developing opioid dependence. Pharmacogenomics 2019; 20:331-341. [PMID: 30983500 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine if selected serotonergic and noradrenergic gene variants are associated with heroin addiction. Subjects & methods: A total of 126 variants in 19 genes in subjects with Dutch European ancestry from The Netherlands. Subjects included 281 opioid-dependent volunteers in methadone maintenance or heroin-assisted treatment, 163 opioid-exposed but not opioid-dependent volunteers who have been using illicit opioids but never became opioid-dependent and 153 healthy controls. Results: Nominal associations were indicated for 20 variants in six genes including an experiment-wise significant association from the combined effect of three SLC18A2 SNPs (rs363332, rs363334 and rs363338) with heroin dependence (pfinal = 0.047). Conclusion: Further studies are warranted to confirm and elucidate the role of these variants in the vulnerability to opioid addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Randesi
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Orna Levran
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Peter Blanken
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Parnassia Addiction Research Centre (PARC, Brijder Addiction Treatment), PO Box 53002, 2505 AA The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Jan M van Ree
- Rudolf Magnus Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jurg Ott
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
PharmGKB summary: methylphenidate pathway, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2019; 29:136-154. [PMID: 30950912 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
39
|
Wu N, Feng Z, He X, Kwon W, Wang J, Xie XQ. Insight of Captagon Abuse by Chemogenomics Knowledgebase-guided Systems Pharmacology Target Mapping Analyses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2268. [PMID: 30783122 PMCID: PMC6381188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35449-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Captagon, known by its genetic name Fenethylline, is an addictive drug that complicates the War on Drugs. Captagon has a strong CNS stimulating effect than its primary metabolite, Amphetamine. However, multi-targets issues associated with the drug and metabolites as well as its underlying mechanisms have not been fully defined. In the present work, we applied our established drug-abuse chemogenomics-knowledgebase systems pharmacology approach to conduct targets/off-targets mapping (SP-Targets) investigation of Captagon and its metabolites for hallucination addiction, and also analyzed the cell signaling pathways for both Amphetamine and Theophylline with data mining of available literature. Of note, Amphetamine, an agonist for trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) with enhancing dopamine signaling (increase of irritability, aggression, etc.), is the main cause of Captagon addiction; Theophylline, an antagonist that blocks adenosine receptors (e.g. A2aR) in the brain responsible for restlessness and painlessness, may attenuate the behavioral sensitization caused by Amphetamine. We uncovered that Theophylline's metabolism and elimination could be retarded due to competition and/or blockage of the CYP2D6 enzyme by Amphetamine; We also found that the synergies between these two metabolites cause Captagon's psychoactive effects to act faster and far more potently than those of Amphetamine alone. We carried out further molecular docking modeling and molecular dynamics simulation to explore the molecular interactions between Amphetamine and Theophylline and their important GPCRs targets, including TAAR1 and adenosine receptors. All of the systems pharmacology analyses and results will shed light insight into a better understanding of Captagon addiction and future drug abuse prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States
- National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States
- Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States
- National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States
- Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States
| | - Xibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States
- National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States
- Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States
| | - William Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States
- National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States
- Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States
| | - Junmei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States.
- National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States.
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States.
- Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States.
| | - Xiang-Qun Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States.
- National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States.
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States.
- Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hökfelt T, Barde S, Xu ZQD, Kuteeva E, Rüegg J, Le Maitre E, Risling M, Kehr J, Ihnatko R, Theodorsson E, Palkovits M, Deakin W, Bagdy G, Juhasz G, Prud’homme HJ, Mechawar N, Diaz-Heijtz R, Ögren SO. Neuropeptide and Small Transmitter Coexistence: Fundamental Studies and Relevance to Mental Illness. Front Neural Circuits 2018; 12:106. [PMID: 30627087 PMCID: PMC6309708 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are auxiliary messenger molecules that always co-exist in nerve cells with one or more small molecule (classic) neurotransmitters. Neuropeptides act both as transmitters and trophic factors, and play a role particularly when the nervous system is challenged, as by injury, pain or stress. Here neuropeptides and coexistence in mammals are reviewed, but with special focus on the 29/30 amino acid galanin and its three receptors GalR1, -R2 and -R3. In particular, galanin's role as a co-transmitter in both rodent and human noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) neurons is addressed. Extensive experimental animal data strongly suggest a role for the galanin system in depression-like behavior. The translational potential of these results was tested by studying the galanin system in postmortem human brains, first in normal brains, and then in a comparison of five regions of brains obtained from depressed people who committed suicide, and from matched controls. The distribution of galanin and the four galanin system transcripts in the normal human brain was determined, and selective and parallel changes in levels of transcripts and DNA methylation for galanin and its three receptors were assessed in depressed patients who committed suicide: upregulation of transcripts, e.g., for galanin and GalR3 in LC, paralleled by a decrease in DNA methylation, suggesting involvement of epigenetic mechanisms. It is hypothesized that, when exposed to severe stress, the noradrenergic LC neurons fire in bursts and release galanin from their soma/dendrites. Galanin then acts on somato-dendritic, inhibitory galanin autoreceptors, opening potassium channels and inhibiting firing. The purpose of these autoreceptors is to act as a 'brake' to prevent overexcitation, a brake that is also part of resilience to stress that protects against depression. Depression then arises when the inhibition is too strong and long lasting - a maladaption, allostatic load, leading to depletion of NA levels in the forebrain. It is suggested that disinhibition by a galanin antagonist may have antidepressant activity by restoring forebrain NA levels. A role of galanin in depression is also supported by a recent candidate gene study, showing that variants in genes for galanin and its three receptors confer increased risk of depression and anxiety in people who experienced childhood adversity or recent negative life events. In summary, galanin, a neuropeptide coexisting in LC neurons, may participate in the mechanism underlying resilience against a serious and common disorder, MDD. Existing and further results may lead to an increased understanding of how this illness develops, which in turn could provide a basis for its treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Hökfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Swapnali Barde
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhi-Qing David Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Eugenia Kuteeva
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joelle Rüegg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Swetox, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Erwan Le Maitre
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mårten Risling
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Kehr
- Pronexus Analytical AB, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Ihnatko
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elvar Theodorsson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Miklos Palkovits
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - William Deakin
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP 2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Naguib Mechawar
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sven Ove Ögren
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nguyen M, Wong YC, Ysselstein D, Severino A, Krainc D. Synaptic, Mitochondrial, and Lysosomal Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Trends Neurosci 2018; 42:140-149. [PMID: 30509690 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of genetic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) has highlighted the importance of the autophagy/lysosomal and mitochondrial/oxidative stress pathways in disease pathogenesis. However, recently identified PD-linked genes, including DNAJC6 (auxilin), SYNJ1 (synaptojanin 1), and the PD risk gene SH3GL2 (endophilin A1), have also highlighted disruptions in synaptic vesicle endocytosis (SVE) as a significant contributor to disease pathogenesis. Additionally, the roles of other PD genes such as LRRK2, PRKN, and VPS35 in the regulation of SVE are beginning to emerge. Here we discuss the recent work on the contribution of dysfunctional SVE to midbrain dopaminergic neurons' selective vulnerability and highlight pathways that demonstrate the interplay of synaptic, mitochondrial, and lysosomal dysfunction in the pathogenesis of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nguyen
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yvette C Wong
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daniel Ysselstein
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alex Severino
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mulvihill KG. Presynaptic regulation of dopamine release: Role of the DAT and VMAT2 transporters. Neurochem Int 2018; 122:94-105. [PMID: 30465801 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The signaling dynamics of the neurotransmitter dopamine has been established to have an important role in a variety of behavioural processes including motor control, cognition, and emotional processing. Key regulators of transmitter release and the signaling dynamics of dopamine are the plasma membrane reuptake transporter (DAT) and the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2). These proteins serve to remove dopamine molecules from the extracellular and cytosolic space, respectively and both determine the amount of transmitter released from synaptic vesicles. This review provides an overview of how these transporter proteins are involved in molecular regulation and function together to govern the dynamics of vesicular release with opposing effects on the quantal size and extracellular concentration of dopamine. These transporter proteins are both focal points of convergence for a variety of regulatory molecular cascades as well as targets for many pharmacological agents. The ratio between these transporters is argued to be useful as a molecular marker for delineating dopamine functional subsystems that may differ in transmitter release patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G Mulvihill
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dopamine: Functions, Signaling, and Association with Neurological Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 39:31-59. [PMID: 30446950 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-018-0632-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dopaminergic system plays important roles in neuromodulation, such as motor control, motivation, reward, cognitive function, maternal, and reproductive behaviors. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter, synthesized in both central nervous system and the periphery, that exerts its actions upon binding to G protein-coupled receptors. Dopamine receptors are widely expressed in the body and function in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. Dopaminergic signaling pathways are crucial to the maintenance of physiological processes and an unbalanced activity may lead to dysfunctions that are related to neurodegenerative diseases. Unveiling the neurobiology and the molecular mechanisms that underlie these illnesses may contribute to the development of new therapies that could promote a better quality of life for patients worldwide. In this review, we summarize the aspects of dopamine as a catecholaminergic neurotransmitter and discuss dopamine signaling pathways elicited through dopamine receptor activation in normal brain function. Furthermore, we describe the potential involvement of these signaling pathways in evoking the onset and progression of some diseases in the nervous system, such as Parkinson's, Schizophrenia, Huntington's, Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder, and Addiction. A brief description of new dopaminergic drugs recently approved and under development treatments for these ailments is also provided.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) acts as an autocrine growth factor for human lung cancer. Several lines of evidence show that lung cancer cells express all of the proteins required for the uptake of choline (choline transporter 1, choline transporter-like proteins) synthesis of ACh (choline acetyltransferase, carnitine acetyltransferase), transport of ACh (vesicular acetylcholine transport, OCTs, OCTNs) and degradation of ACh (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase). The released ACh binds back to nicotinic (nAChRs) and muscarinic receptors on lung cancer cells to accelerate their proliferation, migration and invasion. Out of all components of the cholinergic pathway, the nAChR-signaling has been studied the most intensely. The reason for this trend is due to genome-wide data studies showing that nicotinic receptor subtypes are involved in lung cancer risk, the relationship between cigarette smoke and lung cancer risk as well as the rising popularity of electronic cigarettes considered by many as a "safe" alternative to smoking. There are a small number of articles which review the contribution of the other cholinergic proteins in the pathophysiology of lung cancer. The primary objective of this review article is to discuss the function of the acetylcholine-signaling proteins in the progression of lung cancer. The investigation of the role of cholinergic network in lung cancer will pave the way to novel molecular targets and drugs in this lethal malignancy.
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang TT, Xue R, Wang X, Zhao SW, An L, Li YF, Zhang YZ, Li S. Network-based drug repositioning: A novel strategy for discovering potential antidepressants and their mode of action. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:1137-1150. [PMID: 30087074 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Current target-oriented paradigm for novel antidepressant discovery has been difficult to succeed and the failures always bring huge economic losses. Although abundant ledge of disease related genes and drug action targets has been accumulated, the successful application of the knowledge for new drug discovery is limited. Here, we predicted and validated potential antidepressants and molecular targets from DrugBank recorded drugs using a novel network-based drug repositioning approach. This approach predicted relationships between drug and targets through network-based integration of drug chemical similarity, therapeutic similarity and protein-protein interactions. We predicted genome-wide relations of drugs and targets, and then screened drugs that connect to depression-related targets of known antidepressants. Six drugs were predicted and experimentally validated to have antidepressant-like effects in the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) in mice. Alverine, which is a gastrointestinal antispasmodic drug, was further validated to display antidepressant-like effects in the learned helplessness and chronic unpredictable stress models of depression. Four targets, including serotonin transporter, norepinephrine transporter, serotonin 1A receptor and serotonin 2A receptor, were included in the predictable system and confirmed as primary sites of action for alverine. The results suggest that alverine may be an effective antidepressant drug and the network-based drug repositioning may be a promising drug discovery paradigm for complex multi-genetic diseases such as depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zhang
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Rui Xue
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and TCM-X center/Bioinformatics Division, BNRist/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shi-Wen Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and TCM-X center/Bioinformatics Division, BNRist/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei An
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - You-Zhi Zhang
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Shao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and TCM-X center/Bioinformatics Division, BNRist/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kannen V, Sakita JY, Carneiro ZA, Bader M, Alenina N, Teixeira RR, de Oliveira EC, Brunaldi MO, Gasparotto B, Sartori DC, Fernandes CR, Silva JS, Andrade MV, Silva WA, Uyemura SA, Garcia SB. Mast Cells and Serotonin Synthesis Modulate Chagas Disease in the Colon: Clinical and Experimental Evidence. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:1473-1484. [PMID: 29569002 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) infects millions of Latin Americans each year and can induce chagasic megacolon. Little is known about how serotonin (5-HT) modulates this condition. Aim We investigated whether 5-HT synthesis alters T. cruzi infection in the colon. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight paraffin-embedded samples from normal colon and chagasic megacolon were histopathologically analyzed (173/2009). Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1) knockout (KO) mice and c-KitW-sh mice underwent T. cruzi infection together with their wild-type counterparts. Also, mice underwent different drug treatments (16.1.1064.60.3). RESULTS In both humans and experimental mouse models, the serotonergic system was activated by T. cruzi infection (p < 0.05). While treating Tph1KO mice with 5-HT did not significantly increase parasitemia in the colon (p > 0.05), rescuing its synthesis promoted trypanosomiasis (p < 0.01). T. cruzi-related 5-HT release (p < 0.05) seemed not only to increase inflammatory signaling, but also to enlarge the pericryptal macrophage and mast cell populations (p < 0.01). Knocking out mast cells reduced trypanosomiasis (p < 0.01), although it did not further alter the neuroendocrine cell number and Tph1 expression (p > 0.05). Further experimentation revealed that pharmacologically inhibiting mast cell activity reduced colonic infection (p < 0.01). A similar finding was achieved when 5-HT synthesis was blocked in c-KitW-sh mice (p > 0.05). However, inhibiting mast cell activity in Tph1KO mice increased colonic trypanosomiasis (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION We show that mast cells may modulate the T. cruzi-related increase of 5-HT synthesis in the intestinal colon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Kannen
- Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil.
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Y Sakita
- Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Zumira A Carneiro
- Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Michael Bader
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Regina R Teixeira
- Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bianca Gasparotto
- Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Daniela C Sartori
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - João S Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Andrade
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Wilson A Silva
- Department of Genetics, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Sergio A Uyemura
- Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Sérgio B Garcia
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yaffe D, Forrest LR, Schuldiner S. The ins and outs of vesicular monoamine transporters. J Gen Physiol 2018; 150:671-682. [PMID: 29666153 PMCID: PMC5940252 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201711980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Yaffe et al. review structure-guided studies that have provided insight into the mechanism of proton-monoamine antiport by VMATs. The H+-coupled vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) is a transporter essential for life. VMAT mediates packaging of the monoamines serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and histamine from the neuronal cytoplasm into presynaptic vesicles, which is a key step in the regulated release of neurotransmitters. However, a detailed understanding of the mechanism of VMAT function has been limited by the lack of availability of high-resolution structural data. In recent years, a series of studies guided by homology models has revealed significant insights into VMAT function, identifying residues that contribute to the binding site and to specific steps in the transport cycle. Moreover, to characterize the conformational transitions that occur upon binding of the substrate and coupling ion, we have taken advantage of the unique and powerful pharmacology of VMAT as well as of mutants that affect the conformational equilibrium of the protein and shift it toward defined conformations. This has allowed us to identify an important role for the proton gradient in driving a shift from lumen-facing to cytoplasm-facing conformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Yaffe
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lucy R Forrest
- Computational Structural Biology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shimon Schuldiner
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
McFarland R, Wang ZT, Jouroukhin Y, Li Y, Mychko O, Coppens I, Xiao J, Jones-Brando L, Yolken RH, Sibley LD, Pletnikov MV. AAH2 gene is not required for dopamine-dependent neurochemical and behavioral abnormalities produced by Toxoplasma infection in mouse. Behav Brain Res 2018; 347:193-200. [PMID: 29555339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Infection with the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), has been associated with the increased risk for several psychiatric disorders. The exact mechanisms of a hypothesized contribution of T. gondii infection are poorly understood. The T. gondii genome contains two aromatic amino acid hydroxylase genes (AAH1 and AAH2) that encode proteins that can produce L-DOPA. One popular hypothesis posits that these encoded enzymes might influence dopamine (DA) production and hence DA synaptic transmission, leading to neurobehavioral abnormalities in the infected host. Prior studies have shown that deletion of these genes does not alter DA levels in the brain or exploratory activity in infected mice. However, possible effects of AAH gene deficiency on infection-induced brain and behavior alterations that are directly linked to DA synaptic transmission have not been evaluated. We found that chronic T. gondii infection of BALB/c mice leads to blunted response to amphetamine or cocaine and decreased expression of Dopamine Transporter (DAT) and Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 (VMAT2). Deletion of AAH2 had no effects on these changes in infected mice. Both wild type and Δaah2 strains produced comparable levels of neuroinflammation. Our findings demonstrate that AAH2 is not required for T. gondii infection-produced DA-dependent neurobehavioral abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross McFarland
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Zi Teng Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yan Jouroukhin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Ye Li
- Stanley Neurovirology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Olga Mychko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Isabelle Coppens
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jianchun Xiao
- Stanley Neurovirology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Lorraine Jones-Brando
- Stanley Neurovirology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Robert H Yolken
- Stanley Neurovirology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - L David Sibley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mikhail V Pletnikov
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sobrino V, González-Rodríguez P, Annese V, López-Barneo J, Pardal R. Fast neurogenesis from carotid body quiescent neuroblasts accelerates adaptation to hypoxia. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201744598. [PMID: 29335248 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike other neural peripheral organs, the adult carotid body (CB) has a remarkable structural plasticity, as it grows during acclimatization to hypoxia. The CB contains neural stem cells that can differentiate into oxygen-sensitive glomus cells. However, an extended view is that, unlike other catecholaminergic cells of the same lineage (sympathetic neurons or chromaffin cells), glomus cells can divide and thus contribute to CB hypertrophy. Here, we show that O2-sensitive mature glomus cells are post-mitotic. However, we describe an unexpected population of pre-differentiated, immature neuroblasts that express catecholaminergic markers and contain voltage-dependent ion channels, but are unresponsive to hypoxia. Neuroblasts are quiescent in normoxic conditions, but rapidly proliferate and differentiate into mature glomus cells during hypoxia. This unprecedented "fast neurogenesis" is stimulated by ATP and acetylcholine released from mature glomus cells. CB neuroblasts, which may have evolved to facilitate acclimatization to hypoxia, could contribute to the CB oversensitivity observed in highly prevalent human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Sobrino
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Patricia González-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Valentina Annese
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José López-Barneo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain .,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Seville, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pardal
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain .,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Axelsen TM, Woldbye DP. Gene Therapy for Parkinson's Disease, An Update. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2018; 8:195-215. [PMID: 29710735 PMCID: PMC6027861 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-181331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The current mainstay treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) consists of dopamine replacement therapy which, in addition to causing several side effects, does not delay disease progression. The field of gene therapy offers a potential means to improve current therapy. The present review gives an update of the present status of gene therapy for PD. Both non-disease and disease modifying transgenes have been tested for PD gene therapy in animal and human studies. Non-disease modifying treatments targeting dopamine or GABA synthesis have been successful and promising at improving PD symptomatology in randomized clinical studies, but substantial testing remains before these can be implemented in the standard clinical treatment repertoire. As for disease modifying targets that theoretically offer the possibility of slowing the progression of disease, several neurotrophic factors show encouraging results in preclinical models (e.g., neurturin, GDNF, BDNF, CDNF, VEGF-A). However, so far, clinical trials have only tested neurturin, and, unfortunately, no trial has been able to meet its primary endpoint. Future clinical trials with neurotrophic factors clearly deserve to be conducted, considering the still enticing goal of actually slowing the disease process of PD. As alternative types of gene therapy, opto- and chemogenetics might also find future use in PD treatment and novel genome-editing technology could also potentially be applied as individualized gene therapy for genetic types of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M. Axelsen
- Department of Neurology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - David P.D. Woldbye
- Department of Neuroscience, Panum Institute, Mærsk Tower, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|