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Cheng L, Zhao S, Li F, Ni X, Yang N, Yu J, Wang X. Overexpression of EgrZFP6 from Eucalyptus grandis increases ROS levels by downregulating photosynthesis in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108972. [PMID: 39067106 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
In plants, abiotic stressors are frequently encountered during growth and development. To counteract these challenges, zinc finger proteins play a critical role as transcriptional regulators. The EgrZFP6 gene, which codes for a zinc finger protein of the C2H2 type, was shown to be considerably elevated in the leaves of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings in the current study when they were subjected to a variety of abiotic stimuli, including heat, salinity, cold, and drought. Analysis conducted later showed that in EgrZFP6 transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, EgrZFP6 was essential for causing hyponastic leaves and controlling the stress response. Furthermore, the transgenic plants showed elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Additionally, in EgrZFP6-overexpressing plants, transcriptome sequencing analysis demonstrated a considerable downregulation of many genes involved in photosynthesis, decreasing electron transport efficiency and perhaps promoting the buildup of ROS. Auxin levels were higher and auxin signal transduction was compromised in the transgenic plants. Stress-related genes were also upregulated in Arabidopsis as a result of EgrZFP6 overexpression. It is hypothesized that EgrZFP6 can downregulate photosynthesis, which would cause the production of ROS in chloroplasts. As a result, this protein may alter plant stress responses and leaf morphology via a retrograde mechanism driven by ROS. These results highlight the significance of zinc finger proteins in this sophisticated process and advance our understanding of the complex link between gene regulation, ROS signaling, and plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
| | - Shuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Fangyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Jianfeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
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Mal S, Panchal S. Drought and salt stress mitigation in crop plants using stress-tolerant auxin-producing endophytic bacteria: a futuristic approach towards sustainable agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1422504. [PMID: 39015292 PMCID: PMC11250085 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1422504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, especially drought stress and salt stress in crop plants are accelerating due to climate change. The combined impact of drought and salt is anticipated to lead to the loss of up to 50% of arable land globally, resulting in diminished growth and substantial yield losses threatening food security. Addressing the challenges, agriculture through sustainable practices emerges as a potential solution to achieve Zero Hunger, one of the sustainable development goals set by the IUCN. Plants deploy a myriad of mechanisms to effectively address drought and salt stress with phytohormones playing pivotal roles as crucial signaling molecules for stress tolerance. The phytohormone auxin, particularly indole acetic acid (IAA) emerges as a paramount regulator integral to numerous aspects of plant growth and development. During both drought and salt stress conditions, auxin plays crucial roles for tolerance, but stress-induced processes lead to decreased levels of endogenous free auxin in the plant, leading to an urgent need for auxin production. With an aim to augment this auxin deficiency, several researchers have extensively investigated auxin production, particularly IAA by plant-associated microorganisms, including endophytic bacteria. These endophytic bacteria have been introduced into various crop plants subjected to drought or salt stress and potential isolates promoting plant growth have been identified. However, post-identification, essential studies on translational research to advance these potential isolates from the laboratory to the field are lacking. This review aims to offer an overview of stress tolerant auxin-producing endophytic bacterial isolates while identifying research gaps that need to be fulfilled to utilize this knowledge for the formulation of crop-specific and stress-specific endophyte bioinoculants for the plant to cope with auxin imbalance occurring during these stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shweta Panchal
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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3
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Liu L, Yahaya BS, Li J, Wu F. Enigmatic role of auxin response factors in plant growth and stress tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1398818. [PMID: 38903418 PMCID: PMC11188990 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1398818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic stresses globally constrain plant growth and impede the optimization of crop productivity. The phytohormone auxin is involved in nearly every aspect of plant development. Auxin acts as a chemical messenger that influences gene expression through a short nuclear pathway, mediated by a family of specific DNA-binding transcription factors known as Auxin Response Factors (ARFs). ARFs thus act as effectors of auxin response and translate chemical signals into the regulation of auxin responsive genes. Since the initial discovery of the first ARF in Arabidopsis, advancements in genetics, biochemistry, genomics, and structural biology have facilitated the development of models elucidating ARF action and their contributions to generating specific auxin responses. Yet, significant gaps persist in our understanding of ARF transcription factors despite these endeavors. Unraveling the functional roles of ARFs in regulating stress response, alongside elucidating their genetic and molecular mechanisms, is still in its nascent phase. Here, we review recent research outcomes on ARFs, detailing their involvement in regulating leaf, flower, and root organogenesis and development, as well as stress responses and their corresponding regulatory mechanisms: including gene expression patterns, functional characterization, transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post- translational regulation across diverse stress conditions. Furthermore, we delineate unresolved questions and forthcoming challenges in ARF research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Baba Salifu Yahaya
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengkai Wu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
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4
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Pahal S, Srivastava H, Saxena S, Tribhuvan KU, Kaila T, Sharma S, Grewal S, Singh NK, Gaikwad K. Comparative transcriptome analysis of two contrasting genotypes provides new insights into the drought response mechanism in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.). Genes Genomics 2024; 46:65-94. [PMID: 37985548 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite plant's ability to adapt and withstand challenging environments, drought poses a severe threat to their growth and development. Although pigeon pea is already quite resistant to drought, the prolonged dehydration induced by the aberrant climate poses a serious threat to their survival and productivity. OBJECTIVE Comparative physiological and transcriptome analyses of drought-tolerant (CO5) and drought-sensitive (CO1) pigeon pea genotypes subjected to drought stress were carried out in order to understand the molecular basis of drought tolerance in pigeon pea. METHODS The transcriptomic analysis allowed us to examine how drought affects the gene expression of C. cajan. Using bioinformatics tools, the unigenes were de novo assembled, annotated, and functionally evaluated. Additionally, a homology-based sequence search against the droughtDB database was performed to identify the orthologs of the DEGs. RESULTS 1102 potential drought-responsive genes were found to be differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive genotypes. These included Abscisic acid insensitive 5 (ABI5), Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit A-7 (NF-YA7), WD40 repeat-containing protein 55 (WDR55), Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) and Zinc-finger homeodomain protein 6 (ZF-HD6) and were highly expressed in the tolerant genotype. Further, GO analysis revealed that the most enriched classes belonged to biosynthetic and metabolic processes in the biological process category, binding and catalytic activity in the molecular function category and nucleus and protein-containing complex in the cellular component category. Results of KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the DEGs were significantly abundant in signalling pathways such as plant hormone signal transduction and MAPK signalling pathways. Consequently, in our investigation, we have identified and validated by qPCR a group of genes involved in signal reception and propagation, stress-specific TFs, and basal regulatory genes associated with drought response. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our comprehensive transcriptome dataset enabled the discovery of candidate genes connected to pathways involved in pigeon pea drought response. Our research uncovered a number of unidentified genes and transcription factors that could be used to understand and improve susceptibility to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Pahal
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Bio and Nanotechnology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | | | - Swati Saxena
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Tanvi Kaila
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandhya Sharma
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sapna Grewal
- Department of Bio and Nanotechnology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India.
| | - Nagendra K Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
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5
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Jing H, Wilkinson EG, Sageman-Furnas K, Strader LC. Auxin and abiotic stress responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:7000-7014. [PMID: 37591508 PMCID: PMC10690732 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to a variety of abiotic stresses; these stresses have profound effects on plant growth, survival, and productivity. Tolerance and adaptation to stress require sophisticated stress sensing, signaling, and various regulatory mechanisms. The plant hormone auxin is a key regulator of plant growth and development, playing pivotal roles in the integration of abiotic stress signals and control of downstream stress responses. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in understanding the intersection of auxin and abiotic stress in plants, with a focus on temperature, salt, and drought stresses. We also explore the roles of auxin in stress tolerance and opportunities arising for agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Jing
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27008, USA
| | | | | | - Lucia C Strader
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27008, USA
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6
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Akita K, Miyazawa Y. Auxin biosynthesis, transport, and response directly attenuate hydrotropism in the latter stages to fine-tune root growth direction in Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14051. [PMID: 37882259 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Roots detect water potential gradients in the soil and orient toward moister areas, a response known as hydrotropism that aids drought avoidance. Although auxin is crucial in tropism, its polar transport is not essential for hydrotropism in Arabidopsis. Moreover, antiauxin treatments in Arabidopsis produced inconsistent outcomes: some studies indicated auxin action was necessary while others did not. In this study, we examined auxin's physiological role in hydrotropism. We found that inhibiting auxin biosynthesis or transport intensified hydrotropic bending not only in wild-type, but also in hydrotropism defective mutants, namely miz1-1 and miz2 plants. Given that miz1-1 and miz2 exhibited compromised hydrotropism even under clinorotated conditions, we infer that auxin biosynthesis and transport directly suppress hydrotropism. Additionally, tir1-10, afb1-3, and afb2-3 displayed augmented hydrotropism. We observed a significant delay in hydrotropic bending in arf7-1arf19-1, suggesting that ARF7 and ARF19 amplify hydrotropism in its early stages. To discern the functional ties of ARF7/19 with MIZ1 and MIZ2, we studied the hydrotropic phenotypes of arf7-1arf19-1miz1-1 and arf7-1arf19-1miz2. Both triple mutants had diminished early-stage hydrotropism yet showed partial but significant recovery in the later stages. Given MIZ1's role in reducing auxin levels and MIZ2's essentiality for MIZ1 functionality, we conclude that auxin inhibits hydrotropism downstream of MIZ1 in later stages to refine root bending. Furthermore, it is posited that gene expression driven by ARF7 and ARF19 is pivotal for early-stage root hydrotropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Akita
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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7
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Shao A, Fan S, Xu X, Wang W, Fu J. Identification and evolution analysis of YUCCA genes of Medicago sativa and Medicago truncatula and their expression profiles under abiotic stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1268027. [PMID: 37701802 PMCID: PMC10494245 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1268027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The YUCCAs (YUC) are functionally identified flavin-containing monooxidases (FMOs) in plants that act as an important rate-limiting enzyme functioning in the auxin synthesis IPA (indole-3-pyruvic acid) pathway. In this study, 12 MsYUCs and 15 MtYUCs containing characteristic conserved motifs were identified in M. sativa (Medicago sativa L.) and M. truncatula (Medicago truncatula Gaertn.), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that YUC proteins underwent an evolutionary divergence. Both tandem and segmental duplication events were presented in MsYUC and MtYUC genes. Comparative syntenic maps of M. sativa with M. truncatula, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), or rice (Oryza sativa L.) were constructed to illustrate the evolution relationship of the YUC gene family. A large number of cis-acting elements related to stress response and hormone regulation were revealed in the promoter sequences of MsYUCs. Expression analysis showed that MsYUCs had a tissue-specific, genotype-differential expression and a differential abiotic stress response pattern based on transcriptome data analysis of M. sativa online. In addition, RT-qPCR confirmed that salt stress significantly induced the expression of MsYUC1/MsYUC10 but significantly inhibited MsYUC2/MsYUC3 expression and the expression of MsYUC10/MsYUC11/MsYUC12 was significantly induced by cold treatment. These results could provide valuable information for functional analysis of YUC genes via gene engineering of the auxin synthetic IPA pathway in Medicago.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Wang
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jinmin Fu
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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8
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Zan X, Zhou Z, Wan J, Chen H, Zhu J, Xu H, Zhang J, Li X, Gao X, Chen R, Huang Z, Xu Z, Li L. Overexpression of OsHAD3, a Member of HAD Superfamily, Decreases Drought Tolerance of Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 16:31. [PMID: 37468664 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00647-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase (HAD) superfamily have been shown to get involved in plant growth and abiotic stress response. Although the various functions and regulatory mechanism of HAD superfamily have been well demonstrated, we know little about the function of this family in conferring abiotic stress tolerance to rice. Here, we report OsHAD3, a HAD superfamily member, could affect drought tolerance of rice. Under drought stress, overexpression of OsHAD3 increases the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde than wild type. OsHAD3-overexpression lines decreased but antisense-expression lines increased the roots length under drought stress and the transcription levels of many well-known stress-related genes were also changed in plants with different genotypes. Furthermore, overexpression of OsHAD3 also decreases the oxidative tolerance. Our results suggest that overexpression of OsHAD3 could decrease the drought tolerance of rice and provide a new strategy for improving drought tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zan
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanmei Zhou
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Wan
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Genome-Wide Identification, Expression Analysis, and Potential Roles under Abiotic Stress of the YUCCA Gene Family in Mungbean ( Vigna radiata L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021603. [PMID: 36675117 PMCID: PMC9866024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
YUCCA, belonging to the class B flavin-dependent monooxygenases, catalyzes the rate-limiting step for endogenous auxin synthesis and is implicated in plant-growth regulation and stress response. Systematic analysis of the YUCCA gene family and its stress response benefits the dissection of regulation mechanisms and breeding applications. In this study, 12 YUCCA genes were identified from the mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) genome and were named based on their similarity to AtYUCCAs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 12 VrYUCCAs could be divided into 4 subfamilies. The evidence from enzymatic assays in vitro and transgenetic Arabidopsis in vivo indicated that all the isolated VrYUCCAs had biological activity in response to IAA synthesis. Expression pattern analysis showed that functional redundancy and divergence existed in the VrYUCCA gene family. Four VrYUCCAs were expressed in most tissues, and five VrYUCCAs were specifically highly expressed in the floral organs. The response toward five stresses, namely, auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA), salinity, drought, high temperatures, and cold, was also investigated here. Five VrYUCCAs responded to IAA in the root, while only VrYUCCA8a was induced in the leaf. VrYUCCA2a, VrYUCCA6a, VrYUCCA8a, VrYUCCA8b, and VrYUCCA10 seemed to dominate under abiotic stresses, due to their sensitivity to the other four treatments. However, the response modes of the VrYUCCAs varied, indicating that they may regulate different stresses in distinct ways to finely adjust IAA content. The comprehensive analysis of the VrYUCCAs in this study lays a solid foundation for further investigation of VrYUCCA genes' mechanisms and applications in breeding.
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10
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Hao M, Wang W, Liu J, Wang H, Zhou R, Mei D, Fu L, Hu Q, Cheng H. Auxin Biosynthesis Genes in Allotetraploid Oilseed Rape Are Essential for Plant Development and Response to Drought Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15600. [PMID: 36555242 PMCID: PMC9778849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Crucial studies have verified that IAA is mainly generated via the two-step pathway in Arabidopsis, in which tryptophan aminotransferase (TAA) and YUCCA (YUC) are the two crucial enzymes. However, the role of the TAA (or TAR) and YUC genes in allotetraploid oilseed rape underlying auxin biosynthesis and development regulation remains elusive. In the present study, all putative TAR and YUC genes were identified in B. napus genome. Most TAR and YUC genes were tissue that were specifically expressed. Most YUC and TAR proteins contained trans-membrane regions and were confirmed to be endoplasmic reticulum localizations. Enzymatic activity revealed that YUC and TAR protein members were involved in the conversion of IPA to IAA and Trp to IPA, respectively. Transgenic plants overexpressing BnaYUC6a in both Arabidopsis and B. napus displayed high auxin production and reduced plant branch angle, together with increased drought resistance. Moreover, mutation in auxin biosynthesis BnaTARs genes by CRISPR/Cas9 caused development defects. All these results suggest the convergent role of BnaYUC and BnaTAR genes in auxin biosynthesis. Different homoeologs of BnaYUC and BnaTAR may be divergent according to sequence and expression variation. Auxin biosynthesis genes in allotetraploid oilseed rape play a pivotal role in coordinating plant development processes and stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiong Hu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hongtao Cheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
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11
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Nowicka B. Modifications of Phytohormone Metabolism Aimed at Stimulation of Plant Growth, Improving Their Productivity and Tolerance to Abiotic and Biotic Stress Factors. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3430. [PMID: 36559545 PMCID: PMC9781743 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the growing human population, the increase in crop yield is an important challenge for modern agriculture. As abiotic and biotic stresses cause severe losses in agriculture, it is also crucial to obtain varieties that are more tolerant to these factors. In the past, traditional breeding methods were used to obtain new varieties displaying demanded traits. Nowadays, genetic engineering is another available tool. An important direction of the research on genetically modified plants concerns the modification of phytohormone metabolism. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art research concerning the modulation of phytohormone content aimed at the stimulation of plant growth and the improvement of stress tolerance. It aims to provide a useful basis for developing new strategies for crop yield improvement by genetic engineering of phytohormone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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12
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Zhang M, Liu N, Teixeira da Silva JA, Liu X, Deng R, Yao Y, Duan J, He C. Physiological and transcriptomic analysis uncovers salinity stress mechanisms in a facultative crassulacean acid metabolism plant Dendrobium officinale. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1028245. [PMID: 36275597 PMCID: PMC9582936 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1028245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale is a precious medicinal Chinese herb that employs facultative crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) and has a high degree of abiotic stress tolerance, but the molecular mechanism underlying the response of this orchid to abiotic stresses is poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the root microstructure of D. officinale plantlets and verified the presence of chloroplasts by transmission electron microscopy. To obtain a more comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanism underlying their tolerance to abiotic stress, we performed whole-transcriptome sequencing of the roots of 10-month-old plantlets exposed to salt (NaCl) treatment in a time-course experiment (0, 4 and 12 h). The total of 7376 differentially expressed genes that were identified were grouped into three clusters (P < 0.05). Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that the expression of genes related to hormone (such as auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene and jasmonic acid) biosynthesis and response, as well as the expression of genes related to photosynthesis, amino acid and flavonoid metabolism, and the SOS pathway, were either up- or down-regulated after salt treatment. Additionally, we identified an up-regulated WRKY transcription factor, DoWRKY69, whose ectopic expression in Arabidopsis promoted seed germination under salt tress. Collectively, our findings provide a greater understanding of the salt stress response mechanisms in the roots of a facultative CAM plant. A number of candidate genes that were discovered may help plants to cope with salt stress when introduced via genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze Zhang
- The Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xuncheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rufang Deng
- Opening Public Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxian Yao
- The Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China
| | - Jun Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei He
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Alhajhoj MR, Munir M, Sudhakar B, Ali-Dinar HM, Iqbal Z. Common and novel metabolic pathways related ESTs were upregulated in three date palm cultivars to ameliorate drought stress. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15027. [PMID: 36056140 PMCID: PMC9440037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Date palm is an important staple crop in Saudi Arabia, and about 400 different date palm cultivars grown here, only 50-60 of them are used commercially. The most popular and commercially consumed cultivars of these are Khalas, Reziz, and Sheshi, which are also widely cultivated across the country. Date palm is high water-demanding crop in oasis agriculture, with an inherent ability to tolerate drought stress. However, the mechanisms by which it tolerates drought stress, especially at the transcriptomic level, are still elusive. This study appraised the physiological and molecular response of three commercial date palm cultivars Khalas, Reziz, and Sheshi at two different field capacities (FC; 100% and 25%) levels. At 25% FC (drought stress), leaf relative water content, chlorophyll, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration were significantly reduced. However, leaf intercellular CO2 concentration and water use efficiency increased under drought stress. In comparison to cvs. Khalas and Reziz, date palm cv. Sheshi showed less tolerance to drought stress. A total of 1118 drought-responsive expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were sequenced, 345 from Khalas, 391 from Reziz, and 382 from Sheshi and subjected to functional characterization, gene ontology classification, KEGG pathways elucidation, and enzyme codes dissemination. Three date palm cultivars deployed a multivariate approach to ameliorate drought stress by leveraging common and indigenous molecular, cellular, biological, structural, transcriptional and reproductive mechanisms. Approximately 50% of the annotated ESTs were related to photosynthesis regulation, photosynthetic structure, signal transduction, auxin biosynthesis, osmoregulation, stomatal conductance, protein synthesis/turnover, active transport of solutes, and cell structure modulation. Along with the annotated ESTs, ca. 45% of ESTs were novel. Conclusively, the study provides novel clues and opens the myriads of genetic resources to understand the fine-tuned drought amelioration mechanisms in date palm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Refdan Alhajhoj
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, PO Box 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, PO Box 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balakrishnan Sudhakar
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, PO Box 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Muzzamil Ali-Dinar
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, PO Box 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Central Laboratories, King Faisal University, PO Box 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
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14
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Bai Y, Cai M, Mu C, Cheng W, Zheng H, Cheng Z, Li J, Mu S, Gao J. New Insights Into the Local Auxin Biosynthesis and Its Effects on the Rapid Growth of Moso Bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:858686. [PMID: 35592571 PMCID: PMC9111533 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.858686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Auxin plays a crucial regulatory role in higher plants, but systematic studies on the location of auxin local biosynthesis are rare in bamboo and other graminaceous plants. We studied moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), which can grow up to 1 m/day and serves as a reference species for bamboo and other fast-growing species. We selected young tissues such as root tips, shoot tips, young culm sheaths, sheath blades, and internode divisions for local auxin biosynthesis site analysis. IAA immunofluorescence localization revealed that auxin was similarly distributed in different stages of 50-cm and 300-cm bamboo shoots. Shoot tips had the highest auxin content, and it may be the main site of auxin biosynthesis in the early stage of rapid growth. A total of 22 key genes in the YUCCA family for auxin biosynthesis were identified by genome-wide identification, and these had obvious tissue-specific and spatio-temporal expression patterns. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that the localization of YUCCA genes was highly consistent with the distribution of auxin. Six major auxin synthesis genes, PheYUC3-1, PheYUC6-1, PheYUC6-3, PheYUC9-1, PheYUC9-2, and PheYUC7-3, were obtained that may have regulatory roles in auxin accumulation during moso bamboo growth. Culm sheaths were found to serve as the main local sites of auxin biosynthesis and the auxin required for internode elongation may be achieved mainly by auxin transport.
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15
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Frank M, Cortleven A, Pěnčík A, Novak O, Schmülling T. The Photoperiod Stress Response in Arabidopsis thaliana Depends on Auxin Acting as an Antagonist to the Protectant Cytokinin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062936. [PMID: 35328357 PMCID: PMC8955046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluctuating environmental conditions trigger adaptive responses in plants, which are regulated by phytohormones. During photoperiod stress caused by a prolongation of the light period, cytokinin (CK) has a protective function. Auxin often acts as an antagonist of CK in developmental processes and stress responses. Here, we investigated the regulation of the photoperiod stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana by auxin and its interaction with CK. Transcriptome analysis revealed an altered transcript abundance of numerous auxin metabolism and signaling genes after photoperiod stress treatment. The changes appeared earlier and were stronger in the photoperiod-stress-sensitive CK receptor mutant arabidopsis histidine kinase 2 (ahk2),3 compared to wild-type plants. The concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), IAA-Glc and IAA-Asp increased in both genotypes, but the increases were more pronounced in ahk2,3. Genetic analysis revealed that the gain-of-function YUCCA 1 (YUC1) mutant, yuc1D, displayed an increased photoperiod stress sensitivity. In contrast, a loss of the auxin receptors TRANSPORT-INHIBITOR-RESISTANT 1 (TIR1), AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX 2 (AFB2) and AFB3 in wild-type and ahk2,3 background caused a reduced photoperiod stress response. Overall, this study revealed that auxin promotes response to photoperiod stress antagonizing the protective CK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Frank
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Anne Cortleven
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Ondrej Novak
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; (M.F.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Jiang L, Zhang D, Liu C, Shen W, He J, Yue Q, Niu C, Yang F, Li X, Shen X, Hou N, Chen P, Ma F, Guan Q. MdGH3.6 is targeted by MdMYB94 and plays a negative role in apple water-deficit stress tolerance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:1271-1289. [PMID: 34918398 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought significantly limits apple fruit production and quality. Decoding the key genes involved in drought stress tolerance is important for breeding varieties with improved drought resistance. Here, we identified GRETCHEN HAGEN3.6 (GH3.6), an indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) conjugating enzyme, to be a negative regulator of water-deficit stress tolerance in apple. Overexpressing MdGH3.6 reduced IAA content, adventitious root number, root length and water-deficit stress tolerance, whereas knocking down MdGH3.6 and its close paralogs increased IAA content, adventitious root number, root length and water-deficit stress tolerance. Moreover, MdGH3.6 negatively regulated the expression of wax biosynthetic genes under water-deficit stress and thus negatively regulated cuticular wax content. Additionally, MdGH3.6 negatively regulated reactive oxygen species scavengers, including antioxidant enzymes and metabolites involved in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathway in response to water-deficit stress. Further study revealed that the homolog of transcription factor AtMYB94, rather than AtMYB96, could bind to the MdGH3.6 promoter and negatively regulated its expression under water-deficit stress conditions in apple. Overall, our results identify a candidate gene for the improvement of drought resistance in fruit trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dehui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenyun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jieqiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qianyu Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chundong Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoxia Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Nan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Pengxiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qingmei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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17
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Wang HL, Yang Q, Tan S, Wang T, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Yin W, Xia X, Guo H, Li Z. Regulation of cytokinin biosynthesis using PtRD26 pro -IPT module improves drought tolerance through PtARR10-PtYUC4/5-mediated reactive oxygen species removal in Populus. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:771-786. [PMID: 34990062 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a critical environmental factor which constrains plant survival and growth. Genetic engineering provides a credible strategy to improve drought tolerance of plants. Here, we generated transgenic poplar lines expressing the isopentenyl transferase gene (IPT) under the driver of PtRD26 promoter (PtRD26pro -IPT). PtRD26 is a senescence and drought-inducible NAC transcription factor. PtRD26pro -IPT plants displayed multiple phenotypes, including improved growth and drought tolerance. Transcriptome analysis revealed that auxin biosynthesis pathway was activated in the PtRD26pro -IPT plants, leading to an increase in auxin contents. Biochemical analysis revealed that ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR10 (PtARR10), one of the type-B ARR transcription factors in the cytokinin pathway, was induced in PtRD26pro -IPT plants and directly regulated the transcripts of YUCCA4 (PtYUC4) and YUCCA5 (PtYUC5), two enzymes in the auxin biosynthesis pathway. Overexpression of PtYUC4 enhanced drought tolerance, while simultaneous silencing of PtYUC4/5 evidently attenuated the drought tolerance of PtRD26pro -IPT plants. Intriguingly, PtYUC4/5 displayed a conserved thioredoxin reductase activity that is required for drought tolerance by deterring reactive oxygen species accumulation. Our work reveals the molecular basis of cytokinin and auxin interactions in response to environmental stresses, and shed light on the improvement of drought tolerance without a growth penalty in trees by molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Ling Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qi Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuya Tan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yanli Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weilun Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinli Xia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Department of Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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18
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Zhang Q, Yuan W, Wang Q, Cao Y, Xu F, Dodd IC, Xu W. ABA regulation of root growth during soil drying and recovery can involve auxin response. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:871-883. [PMID: 34176142 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in plant adaptation to water deficits, but its role in regulating root growth (primary root elongation and lateral root number) during different drought-phases remains unclear. Here, we exposed wild-type (WT) and ABA-deficient (not) tomato plants to three continuous drought-phases (moderate drying: day 0-21; severe drying: day 22-47 and re-watering: day 48-51). It was found that WT increased primary root growth during moderate drying; maintained more lateral roots, and greater primary root and total root length under severe drying; and produced more roots after re-watering. After RNA-Seq analysis, we found that the auxin-related genes in root showed different expression patterns between WT and not under drying or re-watering. Further, exogenous supply of IAA partially recovered the root growth of ABA-deficient not plants under three continuous drought-phases. Our results suggested that ABA regulation of tomato root growth during soil drying and recovery can involve auxin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiying Cao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feiyun Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ian C Dodd
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Kurepa J, Smalle JA. Auxin/Cytokinin Antagonistic Control of the Shoot/Root Growth Ratio and Its Relevance for Adaptation to Drought and Nutrient Deficiency Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041933. [PMID: 35216049 PMCID: PMC8879491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The hormones auxin and cytokinin regulate numerous aspects of plant development and often act as an antagonistic hormone pair. One of the more striking examples of the auxin/cytokinin antagonism involves regulation of the shoot/root growth ratio in which cytokinin promotes shoot and inhibits root growth, whereas auxin does the opposite. Control of the shoot/root growth ratio is essential for the survival of terrestrial plants because it allows growth adaptations to water and mineral nutrient availability in the soil. Because a decrease in shoot growth combined with an increase in root growth leads to survival under drought stress and nutrient limiting conditions, it was not surprising to find that auxin promotes, while cytokinin reduces, drought stress tolerance and nutrient uptake. Recent data show that drought stress and nutrient availability also alter the cytokinin and auxin signaling and biosynthesis pathways and that this stress-induced regulation affects cytokinin and auxin in the opposite manner. These antagonistic effects of cytokinin and auxin suggested that each hormone directly and negatively regulates biosynthesis or signaling of the other. However, a growing body of evidence supports unidirectional regulation, with auxin emerging as the primary regulatory component. This master regulatory role of auxin may not come as a surprise when viewed from an evolutionary perspective.
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20
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Jin L, Yarra R, Zhou L, Cao H. The auxin response factor (ARF) gene family in Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.): Genome-wide identification and their expression profiling under abiotic stresses. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:47-60. [PMID: 33792785 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Auxin response factors (ARFs) play vital role in controlling growth and developmental processes of plants via regulating the auxin signaling pathways. However, the identification and functional roles of ARFs in oil palm plants remain elusive. Here, we identified a total of 23 ARF (EgARF) genes in oil palm through a genome-wide identification approach. The EgARF gene structure analysis revealed the presence of intron-rich ARF gene family in genome of oil palm. Further analysis demonstrated the uneven distribution of 23EgARFs on 16 chromosomes of oil palm. Phylogenetic analysis clustered all the EgARFs into four groups. Twenty-one EgARFs contained BDD, ARF, and CTD domains, whereas EgARF5 and EgARF7 lacked the CTD domain. The evolution of ARF genes in oil palm genome has been expanded by segmental duplication events. The cis-acting regulatory elements of EgARF gene family were predominantly associated with the stress and hormone responses. Expression profiling data demonstrated the constitutive and tissue-specific expression of EgARF genes in various tissues of oil palm. Real-time PCR analysis of 19 EgARF genes expression levels under cold, drought, and salt stress conditions proved their prominent role under abiotic stress responses. Altogether, our study provides a basis for studying the molecular and functional roles of ARF genes in oil palm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Jin
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, 571339, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
| | | | - Lixia Zhou
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, 571339, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxing Cao
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, 571339, Hainan, People's Republic of China
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21
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Singh PK, Indoliya Y, Agrawal L, Awasthi S, Deeba F, Dwivedi S, Chakrabarty D, Shirke PA, Pandey V, Singh N, Dhankher OP, Barik SK, Tripathi RD. Genomic and proteomic responses to drought stress and biotechnological interventions for enhanced drought tolerance in plants. CURRENT PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 29:100239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2022.100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
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22
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Leftley N, Banda J, Pandey B, Bennett M, Voß U. Uncovering How Auxin Optimizes Root Systems Architecture in Response to Environmental Stresses. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a040014. [PMID: 33903159 PMCID: PMC8559545 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Since colonizing land, plants have developed mechanisms to tolerate a broad range of abiotic stresses that include flooding, drought, high salinity, and nutrient limitation. Roots play a key role acclimating plants to these as their developmental plasticity enables them to grow toward more favorable conditions and away from limiting or harmful stresses. The phytohormone auxin plays a key role translating these environmental signals into developmental outputs. This is achieved by modulating auxin levels and/or signaling, often through cross talk with other hormone signals like abscisic acid (ABA) or ethylene. In our review, we discuss how auxin controls root responses to water, osmotic and nutrient-related stresses, and describe how the synthesis, degradation, transport, and response of this key signaling hormone helps optimize root architecture to maximize resource acquisition while limiting the impact of abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Leftley
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Banda
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Bipin Pandey
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Bennett
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ute Voß
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
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23
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Chen J, Zhong Y, Qi X. LncRNA TCONS_00021861 is functionally associated with drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) via competing endogenous RNA regulation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:410. [PMID: 34493227 PMCID: PMC8424815 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water deficit is an abiotic stress that retards plant growth and destabilizes crop production. Long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding endogenous RNAs that participate in diverse cellular processes and stress responses in plants. lncRNAs could function as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) and represent a novel layer of gene regulation. However, the regulatory mechanism of lncRNAs as ceRNA in drought stress response is yet unclear. RESULTS In this study, we performed transcriptome-wide identification of drought-responsive lncRNAs in rice. Thereafter, we constructed a lncRNA-mediated ceRNA network by analyzing competing relationships between mRNAs and lncRNAs based on ceRNA hypothesis. A drought responsive ceRNA network with 40 lncRNAs, 23 miRNAs and 103 mRNAs was obtained. Network analysis revealed TCONS_00021861/miR528-3p/YUCCA7 regulatory axis as a hub involved in drought response. The miRNA-target expression and interaction were validated by RT-qPCR and RLM-5'RACE. TCONS_00021861 showed significant positive correlation (r = 0.7102) with YUCCA7 and negative correlation with miR528-3p (r = -0.7483). Overexpression of TCONS_00021861 attenuated the repression of miR528-3p on YUCCA7, leading to increased IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid) content and auxin overproduction phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS TCONS_00021861 could regulate YUCCA7 by sponging miR528-3p, which in turn activates IAA biosynthetic pathway and confer resistance to drought stress. Our findings provide a new perspective of the regulatory roles of lncRNAs as ceRNAs in drought resistance of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Chen
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.1 Kerui Road, 215011, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yuqing Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.1 Kerui Road, 215011, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Qi
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.1 Kerui Road, 215011, Suzhou, China
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Jogawat A, Yadav B, Lakra N, Singh AK, Narayan OP. Crosstalk between phytohormones and secondary metabolites in the drought stress tolerance of crop plants: A review. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1106-1132. [PMID: 33421146 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress negatively affects crop performance and weakens global food security. It triggers the activation of downstream pathways, mainly through phytohormones homeostasis and their signaling networks, which further initiate the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (SMs). Roots sense drought stress, the signal travels to the above-ground tissues to induce systemic phytohormones signaling. The systemic signals further trigger the biosynthesis of SMs and stomatal closure to prevent water loss. SMs primarily scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) to protect plants from lipid peroxidation and also perform additional defense-related functions. Moreover, drought-induced volatile SMs can alert the plant tissues to perform drought stress mitigating functions in plants. Other phytohormone-induced stress responses include cell wall and cuticle thickening, root and leaf morphology alteration, and anatomical changes of roots, stems, and leaves, which in turn minimize the oxidative stress, water loss, and other adverse effects of drought. Exogenous applications of phytohormones and genetic engineering of phytohormones signaling and biosynthesis pathways mitigate the drought stress effects. Direct modulation of the SMs biosynthetic pathway genes or indirect via phytohormones' regulation provides drought tolerance. Thus, phytohormones and SMs play key roles in plant development under the drought stress environment in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bindu Yadav
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Nita Lakra
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Om Prakash Narayan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
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25
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Gadzinowska J, Dziurka M, Ostrowska A, Hura K, Hura T. Phytohormone synthesis pathways in sweet briar rose (Rosa rubiginosa L.) seedlings with high adaptation potential to soil drought. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:745-750. [PMID: 32768989 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the phytohormone profile of sweet briar rose (Rosa rubiginosa L.) seedlings and privileged synthesis pathways of individual hormones including gibberellins, cytokinins and auxins in response to long-term soil drought. We detected eight gibberellins, nine auxins and fifteen cytokinins. Abscisic acid (ABA) was also detected as a sensitive indicator of water stress. Thirty days of soil drought induced significant increase of ABA content and species-specific quantitative changes of other phytohormones. We established preferred synthesis pathways for three gibberellins, six auxins and eight cytokinins. Both an increase and decrease in gibberellin and cytokinin levels may modulate sweet briar's response to soil water shortage. In the case of auxins, induction of effective adaptation mechanisms to extremely dry environments is mostly triggered by their rising levels. Under drought stress, sweet briar seedlings increased their gibberellin pool at the expense of reducing the pool of cytokinins and auxins. This may indicate a specific role of gibberellins in adaptation mechanisms to long-term soil water deficit developed by sweet briar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gadzinowska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ostrowska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hura
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hura
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland.
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26
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Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of the YUCCA gene family in Malus domestica. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10866. [PMID: 32616911 PMCID: PMC7331580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin is essential for plant growth and development. YUCCA proteins catalyse the rate-limiting step for endogenous auxin biosynthesis. In this study, we isolated 20 MdYUCCA genes from apple genome. MdYUCCA6a, MdYUCCA8a, and MdYUCCA10a were expressed in most organs and could support whole plant basal auxin synthesis. MdYUCCA4a, MdYUCCA10b, and MdYUCCA11a expression indicated roles for these genes in auxin biosynthesis in vegetative organs. MdYUCCA2b, MdYUCCA11b, and MdYUCCA11d were mainly expressed in flower organs. High temperature induced the expression of MdYUCCA4a, MdYUCCA6a, MdYUCCA8a, and MdYUCCA10a, and down-regulated the expression of MdYUCCA2b and MdYUCCA6b. Dual-luciferase assay indicated that MdPIF4 could trans-activate the MdYUCCA8a promoter. Overexpression of MdYUCCA8a increased IAA content, increased stem height, enhanced apical dominance, and led to silique malformation. These results provide a foundation for further investigation of the biological functions of apple MdYUCCAs.
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27
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Luo Y, Zhang L, Yao Y, Han L, Chen Z, Wang L, Li Y. OsABA8ox2, an ABA catabolic gene, suppresses root elongation of rice seedlings and contributes to drought response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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28
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Kalve S, Sizani BL, Markakis MN, Helsmoortel C, Vandeweyer G, Laukens K, Sommen M, Naulaerts S, Vissenberg K, Prinsen E, Beemster GTS. Osmotic stress inhibits leaf growth of Arabidopsis thaliana by enhancing ARF-mediated auxin responses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1766-1780. [PMID: 32077108 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the interaction between osmotic stress and auxin signaling in leaf growth regulation. Therefore, we grew Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings on agar media supplemented with mannitol to impose osmotic stress and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), a synthetic auxin. We performed kinematic analysis and flow-cytometry to quantify the effects on cell division and expansion in the first leaf pair, determined the effects on auxin homeostasis and response (DR5::β-glucuronidase), performed a next-generation sequencing transcriptome analysis and investigated the response of auxin-related mutants. Mannitol inhibited cell division and expansion. NAA increased the effect of mannitol on cell division, but ameliorated its effect on expansion. In proliferating cells, NAA and mannitol increased free IAA concentrations at the cost of conjugated IAA and stimulated DR5 promotor activity. Transcriptome analysis shows a large overlap between NAA and osmotic stress-induced changes, including upregulation of auxin synthesis, conjugation, transport and TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE1 (TIR1) and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) response genes, but downregulation of Aux/IAA response inhibitors. Consistently, arf7/19 double mutant lack the growth response to auxin and show a significantly reduced sensitivity to osmotic stress. Our results show that osmotic stress inhibits cell division during leaf growth of A. thaliana at least partly by inducing the auxin transcriptional response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Kalve
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Geert Vandeweyer
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Biomedical Informatics Research Center Antwerp (Biomina), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kris Laukens
- Biomedical Informatics Research Center Antwerp (Biomina), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Manou Sommen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stefan Naulaerts
- Biomedical Informatics Research Center Antwerp (Biomina), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kris Vissenberg
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Els Prinsen
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Qin M, Wang J, Zhang T, Hu X, Liu R, Gao T, Zhao S, Yuan Y, Zheng J, Wang Z, Wei X, Li T. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis on YUCCA Gene Family in Isatis indigotica Fort. and IiYUCCA6-1 Functional Exploration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062188. [PMID: 32235744 PMCID: PMC7139497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxin is one of the most critical hormones in plants. YUCCA (Tryptophan aminotransferase of Arabidopsis (TAA)/YUCCA) enzymes catalyze the key rate-limiting step of the tryptophan-dependent auxin biosynthesis pathway, from IPA (Indole-3-pyruvateacid) to IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid). Here, 13 YUCCA family genes were identified from Isatis indigotica, which were divided into four categories, distributing randomly on chromosomes (2n = 14). The typical and conservative motifs, including the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding motif and flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO)-identifying sequence, existed in the gene structures. IiYUCCA genes were expressed differently in different organs (roots, stems, leaves, buds, flowers, and siliques) and developmental periods (7, 21, 60, and 150 days after germination). Taking IiYUCCA6-1 as an example, the YUCCA genes functions were discussed. The results showed that IiYUCCA6-1 was sensitive to PEG (polyethylene glycol), cold, wounding, and NaCl treatments. The over-expressed tobacco plants exhibited high auxin performances, and some early auxin response genes (NbIAA8, NbIAA16, NbGH3.1, and NbGH3.6) were upregulated with increased IAA content. In the dark, the contents of total chlorophyll and hydrogen peroxide in the transgenic lines were significantly lower than in the control group, with NbSAG12 downregulated and some delayed leaf senescence characteristics, which delayed the senescence process to a certain extent. The findings provide comprehensive insight into the phylogenetic relationships, chromosomal distributions, and expression patterns and functions of the YUCCA gene family in I. indigotica.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tao Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-29-85310266
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30
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Abstract
Flavin-dependent monooxygenases (FMOs) are ancient enzymes present in all kingdoms of life. FMOs typically catalyze the incorporation of an oxygen atom from molecular oxygen into small molecules. To date, the majority of functional characterization studies have been performed on mammalian, fungal and bacterial FMOs, showing that they play fundamental roles in drug and xenobiotic metabolism. By contrast, our understanding of FMOs across the plant kingdom is very limited, despite plants possessing far greater FMO diversity compared to both bacteria and other multicellular organisms. Here, we review the progress of plant FMO research, with a focus on FMO diversity and functionality. Significantly, of the FMOs characterized to date, they all perform oxygenation reactions that are crucial steps within hormone metabolism, pathogen resistance, signaling and chemical defense. This demonstrates the fundamental role FMOs have within plant metabolism, and presents significant opportunities for future research pursuits and downstream applications.
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31
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Munguía-Rodríguez AG, López-Bucio JS, Ruiz-Herrera LF, Ortiz-Castro R, Guevara-García ÁA, Marsch-Martínez N, Carreón-Abud Y, López-Bucio J, Martínez-Trujillo M. YUCCA4 overexpression modulates auxin biosynthesis and transport and influences plant growth and development via crosstalk with abscisic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190221. [PMID: 32105289 PMCID: PMC7197984 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxin regulates a plethora of events during plant growth and development, acting
in concert with other phytohormones. YUCCA genes encode flavin
monooxygenases that function in tryptophan-dependent auxin biosynthesis. To
understand the contribution of the YUCCA4
(YUC4) gene on auxin homeostasis, plant growth and
interaction with abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, 35S::YUC4
seedlings were generated, which showed elongated hypocotyls with hyponastic
leaves and changes in root system architecture that correlate with enhanced
auxin responsive gene expression. Differential expression of PIN1, 2, 3 and 7
auxin transporters was detected in roots of YUC4 overexpressing
seedlings compared to the wild-type: PIN1 was down-regulated whereas PIN2, PIN3
and PIN7 were up-regulated. Noteworthy, 35S::YUC4 lines showed
enhanced sensitivity to ABA on seed germination and post-embryonic root growth,
involving ABI4 transcription factor. The auxin reporter genes DR5::GUS,
DR5::GFP and BA3::GUS further revealed that
abscisic acid impairs auxin responses in 35S::YUC4 seedlings.
Our results indicate that YUC4 overexpression influences
several aspects of auxin homeostasis and reveal the critical roles of ABI4
during auxin-ABA interaction in germination and primary root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarón Giovanni Munguía-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria. Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.,Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Jesús Salvador López-Bucio
- CONACYT-Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria. Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - León Francisco Ruiz-Herrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria. Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Randy Ortiz-Castro
- CONACYT-Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C. Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Colonia El Haya. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | - Nayelli Marsch-Martínez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Yazmín Carreón-Abud
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria. Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Miguel Martínez-Trujillo
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
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Gupta A, Sinha R, Fernandes JL, Abdelrahman M, Burritt DJ, Tran LSP. Phytohormones regulate convergent and divergent responses between individual and combined drought and pathogen infection. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:320-340. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1710459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Gupta
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Joel Lars Fernandes
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | | | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Plant Stress Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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33
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Brumos J, Zhao C, Gong Y, Soriano D, Patel AP, Perez-Amador MA, Stepanova AN, Alonso JM. An Improved Recombineering Toolset for Plants. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:100-122. [PMID: 31666295 PMCID: PMC6961616 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Gene functional studies often rely on the expression of a gene of interest as transcriptional and translational fusions with specialized tags. Ideally, this is done in the native chromosomal contexts to avoid potential misexpression artifacts. Although recent improvements in genome editing have made it possible to directly modify the target genes in their native chromosomal locations, classical transgenesis is still the preferred experimental approach chosen in most gene tagging studies because of its time efficiency and accessibility. We have developed a recombineering-based tagging system that brings together the convenience of the classical transgenic approaches and the high degree of confidence in the results obtained by direct chromosomal tagging using genome-editing strategies. These simple, scalable, customizable recombineering toolsets and protocols allow a variety of genetic modifications to be generated. In addition, we developed a highly efficient recombinase-mediated cassette exchange system to facilitate the transfer of the desired sequences from a bacterial artificial chromosome clone to a transformation-compatible binary vector, expanding the use of the recombineering approaches beyond Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We demonstrated the utility of this system by generating more than 250 whole-gene translational fusions and 123 Arabidopsis transgenic lines corresponding to 62 auxin-related genes and characterizing the translational reporter expression patterns for 14 auxin biosynthesis genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Brumos
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Chengsong Zhao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - David Soriano
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - Arjun P Patel
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Miguel A Perez-Amador
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna N Stepanova
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Jose M Alonso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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The Roles of Auxin Biosynthesis YUCCA Gene Family in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246343. [PMID: 31888214 PMCID: PMC6941117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin plays essential roles in plant normal growth and development. The auxin signaling pathway relies on the auxin gradient within tissues and cells, which is facilitated by both local auxin biosynthesis and polar auxin transport (PAT). The TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS (TAA)/YUCCA (YUC) pathway is the most important and well-characterized pathway that plants deploy to produce auxin. YUCs function as flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO) catalyzing the rate-limiting irreversible oxidative decarboxylation of indole-3-pyruvate acid (IPyA) to form indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The spatiotemporal dynamic expression of different YUC gene members finely tunes the local auxin biosynthesis in plants, which contributes to plant development as well as environmental responses. In this review, the recent advances in the identification, evolution, molecular structures, and functions in plant development and stress response regarding the YUC gene family are addressed.
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35
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Blakeslee JJ, Spatola Rossi T, Kriechbaumer V. Auxin biosynthesis: spatial regulation and adaptation to stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5041-5049. [PMID: 31198972 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin is essential for plant growth and development, controlling both organ development and overall plant architecture. Auxin homeostasis is regulated by coordination of biosynthesis, transport, conjugation, sequestration/storage, and catabolism to optimize concentration-dependent growth responses and adaptive responses to temperature, water stress, herbivory, and pathogens. At present, the best defined pathway of auxin biosynthesis is the TAA/YUC route, in which the tryptophan aminotransferases TAA and TAR and YUCCA flavin-dependent monooxygenases produce the auxin indole-3-acetic acid from tryptophan. This review highlights recent advances in our knowledge of TAA/YUC-dependent auxin biosynthesis focusing on membrane localization of auxin biosynthetic enzymes, differential regulation in root and shoot tissue, and auxin biosynthesis during abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Blakeslee
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Tatiana Spatola Rossi
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Verena Kriechbaumer
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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36
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Nepal N, Yactayo‐Chang JP, Medina‐Jiménez K, Acosta‐Gamboa LM, González‐Romero ME, Arteaga‐Vázquez MA, Lorence A. Mechanisms underlying the enhanced biomass and abiotic stress tolerance phenotype of an Arabidopsis MIOX over-expresser. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00165. [PMID: 31497751 PMCID: PMC6718051 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) is the first enzyme in the inositol route to ascorbate (L-ascorbic acid, AsA, vitamin C). We have previously shown that Arabidopsis plants constitutively expressing MIOX have elevated foliar AsA content and displayed enhanced growth rate, biomass accumulation, and increased tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. In this work, we used a combination of transcriptomics, chromatography, microscopy, and physiological measurements to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms mediating the phenotype of the AtMIOX4 line. Transcriptomic analysis revealed increased expression of genes involved in auxin synthesis, hydrolysis, transport, and metabolism, which are supported by elevated auxin levels both in vitro and in vivo, and confirmed by assays demonstrating their effect on epidermal cell elongation in the AtMIOX4 over-expressers. Additionally, we detected up-regulation of transcripts involved in photosynthesis and this was validated by increased efficiency of the photosystem II and proton motive force. We also found increased expression of amylase leading to higher intracellular glucose levels. Multiple gene families conferring plants tolerance/expressed in response to cold, water limitation, and heat stresses were found to be elevated in the AtMIOX4 line. Interestingly, the high AsA plants also displayed up-regulation of transcripts and hormones involved in defense including jasmonates, defensin, glucosinolates, and transcription factors that are known to be important for biotic stress tolerance. These results overall indicate that elevated levels of auxin and glucose, and enhanced photosynthetic efficiency in combination with up-regulation of abiotic stresses response genes underly the higher growth rate and abiotic stresses tolerance phenotype of the AtMIOX4 over-expressers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirman Nepal
- Arkansas Biosciences InstituteArkansas State UniversityState UniversityARUSA
| | | | - Karina Medina‐Jiménez
- Arkansas Biosciences InstituteArkansas State UniversityState UniversityARUSA
- INBIOTECAUniversidad VeracruzanaXalapaMéxico
| | | | | | | | - Argelia Lorence
- Arkansas Biosciences InstituteArkansas State UniversityState UniversityARUSA
- Department of Chemistry and PhysicsArkansas State UniversityState UniversityARUSA
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37
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Shen L, Zhong T, Wang L, Zhang Q, Jin H, Xu M, Ye J. Characterization the role of a UFC homolog, AtAuxRP3, in the regulation of Arabidopsis seedling growth and stress response. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 240:152990. [PMID: 31207460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.152990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a well-known, crucial regulator of the entire plant lifecycle, not only orchestrating many aspects of plant growth and development, but also playing various roles in biotic and abiotic stress. This study reports the isolation and functional characterization of a DUF-966 domain-containing gene, At3g46110, re-named AtAuxRP3. AtAuxRP3 overexpression in Arabidopsis increased the levels of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid, enhanced expression of the auxin-responsive reporter DR5:GUS near the vegetative shoot apex, and led to ectopic activation of auxin signaling, including dysmorphic (narrow, asymmetric) rosette leaves, abnormal emergence of inflorescence, inhibition of primary root elongation and arrest of dark-grown hypocotyls. AtAuxRP3-OX lines also showed decreased tolerance to NaCl and osmotic stress during Arabidopsis seeds germination and young seedling growth. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis showed AtAuxRP3-OX seedlings displayed increases in the expression of genes that group in a variety of developmental categories, while other downregulated genes were associated with stress responses. Our results provide evidence for a regulatory role of AtAuxRP3 in endogenous auxin levels, leaf development, and initiation of inflorescence stems early in reproductive development during Arabidopsis seedling growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Shen
- National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tao Zhong
- National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lina Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongyu Jin
- National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingling Xu
- National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianrong Ye
- National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China.
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Chen W, Hsu W, Hsu H, Yang C. A tetraspanin gene regulating auxin response and affecting orchid perianth size and various plant developmental processes. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00157. [PMID: 31406958 PMCID: PMC6680136 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The competition between L (lip) and SP (sepal/petal) complexes in P-code model determines the identity of complex perianth patterns in orchids. Orchid tetraspanin gene Auxin Activation Factor (AAF) orthologs, whose expression strongly correlated with the expansion and size of the perianth after P code established, were identified. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of OAGL6-2 in L complex resulted in smaller lips and the down-regulation of Oncidium OnAAF. VIGS of PeMADS9 in L complex resulted in the enlarged lips and up-regulation of Phalaenopsis PaAAF. Furthermore, the larger size of Phalaenopsis variety flowers was associated with higher PaAAF expression, larger and more cells in the perianth. Thus, a rule is established that whenever bigger perianth organs are made in orchids, higher OnAAF/PaAAF expression is observed after their identities are determined by P-code complexes. Ectopic expression Arabidopsis AtAAF significantly increased the size of flower organs by promoting cell expansion in transgenic Arabidopsis due to the enhancement of the efficiency of the auxin response and the subsequent suppression of the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis genes (DAD1/OPR3) and BIGPETAL gene during late flower development. In addition, auxin-controlled phenotypes, such as indehiscent anthers, enhanced drought tolerance, and increased lateral root formation, were also observed in 35S::AtAAF plants. Furthermore, 35S::AtAAF root tips maintained gravitropism during auxin treatment. In contrast, the opposite phenotype was observed in palmitoylation-deficient AtAAF mutants. Our data demonstrate an interaction between the tetraspanin AAF and auxin/JA that regulates the size of flower organs and impacts various developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Hao Chen
- Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC
| | - Wei‐Han Hsu
- Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC
| | - Hsing‐Fun Hsu
- Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC
| | - Chang‐Hsien Yang
- Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC
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Yuan S, Kim SC, Deng X, Hong Y, Wang X. Diacylglycerol kinase and associated lipid mediators modulate rice root architecture. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:261-276. [PMID: 30887532 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) phosphorylates diacylglycerol (DAG) to generate phosphatidic acid (PA), and both DAG and PA are lipid mediators in the cell. Here we show that DGK1 in rice (Oryza sativa) plays important roles in root growth and development. Two independent OsDGK1-knockout (dgk1) lines exhibited a higher density of lateral roots (LRs) and thinner seminal roots (SRs), whereas OsDGK1-overexpressing plants displayed a lower LR density and thicker SRs than wild-type (WT) plants. Overexpression of OsDGK1 led to a decline in the DGK substrate DAG whereas specific PA species decreased in dgk1 roots. Supplementation of DAG to OsDGK1-overexpressing seedlings restored the LR density and SR thickness whereas application of PA to dgk1 seedlings restored the LR density and SR thickness to those of the WT. In addition, treatment of rice seedlings with the DGK inhibitor R59022 increased the level of DAG and decreased PA, which also restored the root phenotype of OsDGK1-overexpressing seedlings close to that of the WT. Together, these results indicate that DGK1 and associated lipid mediators modulate rice root architecture; DAG promotes LR formation and suppresses SR growth whereas PA suppresses LR number and promotes SR thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Sang-Chul Kim
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Xianjun Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yueyun Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St Louis, MO, 63121, USA
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Coolen S, Van Pelt JA, Van Wees SCM, Pieterse CMJ. Mining the natural genetic variation in Arabidopsis thaliana for adaptation to sequential abiotic and biotic stresses. PLANTA 2019; 249:1087-1105. [PMID: 30547240 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this genome-wide association study, we obtained novel insights into the genetic basis of the effect of herbivory or drought stress on the level of resistance against the fungus Botrytis cinerea. In nature, plants function in complex environments where they encounter different biotic and abiotic stresses individually, sequentially or simultaneously. The adaptive response to a single stress does not always reflect how plants respond to such a stress in combination with other stresses. To identify genetic factors that contribute to the plant's ability to swiftly adapt to different stresses, we investigated the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to infection by the necrotrophic fungus B. cinerea when preceded by Pieris rapae herbivory or drought stress. Using 346 natural A. thaliana accessions, we found natural genetic variation in the level of resistance against single B. cinerea infection. When preceded by herbivory or drought stress, the level of B. cinerea resistance was differentially influenced in the 346 accessions. To study the genetic factors contributing to the differential adaptation of A. thaliana to B. cinerea infection under multi-stress conditions, we performed a genome-wide association study supported by quantitative trait loci mapping and fine mapping with full genome sequences of 164 accessions. This yielded several genes previously associated with defense to B. cinerea and additional candidate genes with putative roles in the plant's adaptive response to a combination of herbivory, drought and B. cinerea infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Coolen
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, PO Box 80056, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Van Pelt
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, PO Box 80056, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia C M Van Wees
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, PO Box 80056, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Corné M J Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, PO Box 80056, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Nowicka B, Ciura J, Szymańska R, Kruk J. Improving photosynthesis, plant productivity and abiotic stress tolerance - current trends and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 231:415-433. [PMID: 30412849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
With unfavourable climate changes and an increasing global population, there is a great need for more productive and stress-tolerant crops. As traditional methods of crop improvement have probably reached their limits, a further increase in the productivity of crops is expected to be possible using genetic engineering. The number of potential genes and metabolic pathways, which when genetically modified could result in improved photosynthesis and biomass production, is multiple. Photosynthesis, as the only source of carbon required for the growth and development of plants, attracts much attention is this respect, especially the question concerning how to improve CO2 fixation and limit photorespiration. The most promising direction for increasing CO2 assimilation is implementating carbon concentrating mechanisms found in cyanobacteria and algae into crop plants, while hitherto performed experiments on improving the CO2 fixation versus oxygenation reaction catalyzed by Rubisco are less encouraging. On the other hand, introducing the C4 pathway into C3 plants is a very difficult challenge. Among other points of interest for increased biomass production is engineering of metabolic regulation, certain proteins, nucleic acids or phytohormones. In this respect, enhanced sucrose synthesis, assimilate translocation to sink organs and starch synthesis is crucial, as is genetic engineering of the phytohormone metabolism. As abiotic stress tolerance is one of the key factors determining crop productivity, extensive studies are being undertaken to develop transgenic plants characterized by elevated stress resistance. This can be accomplished due to elevated synthesis of antioxidants, osmoprotectants and protective proteins. Among other promising targets for the genetic engineering of plants with elevated stress resistance are transcription factors that play a key role in abiotic stress responses of plants. In this review, most of the approaches to improving the productivity of plants that are potentially promising and have already been undertaken are described. In addition to this, the limitations faced, potential challenges and possibilities regarding future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Joanna Ciura
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Renata Szymańska
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Kruk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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Ciura J, Kruk J. Phytohormones as targets for improving plant productivity and stress tolerance. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 229:32-40. [PMID: 30031159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the results of experiments that lead to altered levels of phytohormones in transgenic plants to improve plant productivity. The available data indicate that manipulating the level of phytohormones might also be a promising way to enhance the environmental stress tolerance of crop plants. In the regulation of the level of phytohormones, both biosynthesis and their catabolism pathways can be targeted for engineering purposes. Moreover, the signaling pathways of phytohormones should explored in this respect. In genetic modifications, conditional promoters must be developed to avoid undesired effects on growth. In order to find a practical application, the effects of genetic modifications should be further verified under field conditions and over a longer time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ciura
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Kruk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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Pavlović I, Petřík I, Tarkowská D, Lepeduš H, Vujčić Bok V, Radić Brkanac S, Novák O, Salopek-Sondi B. Correlations between Phytohormones and Drought Tolerance in Selected Brassica Crops: Chinese Cabbage, White Cabbage and Kale. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102866. [PMID: 30241414 PMCID: PMC6213169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting the productivity of Brassica crops. To understand the role of phytohormones in drought tolerance, we subjected Chinese cabbage (B. rapa ssp. pekinensis), white cabbage (B. oleracea var. capitata), and kale (B. oleracea var. acephala) to drought and examined the stress response on the physiological, biochemical and hormonal levels. The phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA), auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), brassinosteroids (BRs), cytokinins (CKs), jasmonates (JAs), and salicylic acid (SA) were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Based on the physiological and biochemical markers the Chinese cabbage exhibited the lowest tolerance, followed by the white cabbage, while the kale appeared to be the most tolerant to drought. The drought tolerance of the kale correlated with increased levels of SA, ABA, IAA, CKs iP(R) and cZ(R), and typhasterol (TY), a precursor of active BRs. In contrast, the drought sensitivity of the Chinese cabbage correlated with a significant increase in ABA, JAs and the active BRs castasterol (CS) and brassinolide (BL). The moderately tolerant white cabbage, positioned between the kale and Chinese cabbage, showed more similarity in terms of the phytohormone patterns with the kale. We concluded that the drought tolerance in Brassicaceae is mostly determined by the increased endogenous levels of IAA, CKs, ABA and SA and the decreased levels of active BRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Pavlović
- Laboratory for Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Ivan Petřík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Hrvoje Lepeduš
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, and Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Lorenza Jägera 9, Osijek 31000, Croatia.
| | - Valerija Vujčić Bok
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Sandra Radić Brkanac
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Branka Salopek-Sondi
- Laboratory for Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
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Hu L, Xie Y, Fan S, Wang Z, Wang F, Zhang B, Li H, Song J, Kong L. Comparative analysis of root transcriptome profiles between drought-tolerant and susceptible wheat genotypes in response to water stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 272:276-293. [PMID: 29807601 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit is one of the major factors limiting crop productivity worldwide. Plant roots play a key role in uptaking water, perceiving and transducing of water deficit signals to shoot. Although the mechanisms of drought-tolerance have been reported recently, the transcriptional regulatory network of wheat root response to water stress has not been fully understood. In this study, drought-tolerant cultivar JM-262 and susceptible cultivar LM-2 are planted to characterize the root transcriptional changes and physiological responses to water deficit. A total of 8197 drought tolerance-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are identified, these genes are mainly mapped to carbon metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and phytohormone signal transduction. The number and expression level of DEGs involved in antioxidative and antiosmotic stresses are more enhanced in JM-262 under water stress. Furthermore, we find the DEGs related to root development are much more induced in JM-262 in phytohormone signal transduction and carbon metabolism pathway. In conclusion, JM-262 may alleviate the damage of drought by producing more osmoprotectants, ROS scavengers, biomass and energy. Interestingly, hormone signaling and cross-talk probably play an important role in promoting JM-262 greater root systems to take up more water, higher capabilities to induce more drought-related DEGs and higher resisitance to oxidative stresse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hu
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shoujin Fan
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zongshuai Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fahong Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Haosheng Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jie Song
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lingan Kong
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
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Yu C, Zhan Y, Feng X, Huang ZA, Sun C. Identification and Expression Profiling of the Auxin Response Factors in Capsicum annuum L. under Abiotic Stress and Hormone Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122719. [PMID: 29244768 PMCID: PMC5751320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxin response factors (ARFs) play important roles in regulating plant growth and development and response to environmental stress. An exhaustive analysis of the CaARF family was performed using the latest publicly available genome for pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). In total, 22 non-redundant CaARF gene family members in six classes were analyzed, including chromosome locations, gene structures, conserved motifs of proteins, phylogenetic relationships and Subcellular localization. Phylogenetic analysis of the ARFs from pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), Arabidopsis and rice (Oryza sativa L.) revealed both similarity and divergence between the four ARF families, and aided in predicting biological functions of the CaARFs. Furthermore, expression profiling of CaARFs was obtained in various organs and tissues using quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Expression analysis of these genes was also conducted with various hormones and abiotic treatments using qRT-PCR. Most CaARF genes were regulated by exogenous hormone treatments at the transcriptional level, and many CaARF genes were altered by abiotic stress. Systematic analysis of CaARF genes is imperative to elucidate the roles of CaARF family members in mediating auxin signaling in the adaptation of pepper to a challenging environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenliang Yu
- Vegetable Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Yihua Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xuping Feng
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zong-An Huang
- Institute of Vegetable Sciences, Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325014, China.
| | - Chendong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Tiwari S, Lata C, Chauhan PS, Prasad V, Prasad M. A Functional Genomic Perspective on Drought Signalling and its Crosstalk with Phytohormone-mediated Signalling Pathways in Plants. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:469-482. [PMID: 29204077 PMCID: PMC5684651 DOI: 10.2174/1389202918666170605083319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses that negatively influence crop performance and productivity. Plants acclimatize to drought stress conditions through altered molecular, biochemical and physiological responses. Gene and/or protein expression and regulation are thought to be modulated upon stress perception and signal transduction for providing requisite endurance to plants.Plant growth regulators or phytohormones are important molecules required for various biological processes in plants and are also central to stress signalling pathways. Among various phytohormones, Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Ethylene (ET) are considered to be the most vital growth regulators implicated in drought stress signalling and tolerance. Besides the above two known classical phytohormones, Salicylic Acid (SA) and Jasmonic Acid (JA) have also been found to potentially enhance abiotic stress tolerance particularly that of drought, salinity, and heat stress tolerance in plants. Apart from these several other growth regulators such as Cytokinins (CKs), Auxin (AUX), Gibberellic Acid (GA), Brassinosteroids (BRs) and Strigolactones (SLs) have also been reported to actively participate in abiotic stress responses and tolerance in plants. The abiotic stress signalling in plants regulated by these hormones further depends upon the nature, intensity, and duration of exposure to various environmental stresses. It has been reported that all these phytohormones are also involved in extensive crosstalk and signal transduction among themselves and/or with other factors. CONCLUSION This review thus summarizes the molecular mechanism of drought signalling and its crosstalk with various phytohormone signalling pathways implicated in abiotic stress response and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Tiwari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, India
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
| | - Charu Lata
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Vivek Prasad
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
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Olatunji D, Geelen D, Verstraeten I. Control of Endogenous Auxin Levels in Plant Root Development. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2587. [PMID: 29194427 PMCID: PMC5751190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the different biosynthesis-related pathways that contribute to the regulation of endogenous auxin in plants. We demonstrate that all known genes involved in auxin biosynthesis also have a role in root formation, from the initiation of a root meristem during embryogenesis to the generation of a functional root system with a primary root, secondary lateral root branches and adventitious roots. Furthermore, the versatile adaptation of root development in response to environmental challenges is mediated by both local and distant control of auxin biosynthesis. In conclusion, auxin homeostasis mediated by spatial and temporal regulation of auxin biosynthesis plays a central role in determining root architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilola Olatunji
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Inge Verstraeten
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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48
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Sarwat M, Tuteja N. Hormonal signaling to control stomatal movement during drought stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Saini K, AbdElgawad H, Markakis MN, Schoenaers S, Asard H, Prinsen E, Beemster GTS, Vissenberg K. Perturbation of Auxin Homeostasis and Signaling by PINOID Overexpression Induces Stress Responses in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1308. [PMID: 28824662 PMCID: PMC5539238 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Under normal and stress conditions plant growth require a complex interplay between phytohormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, details of the nature of this crosstalk remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that PINOID (PID), a serine threonine kinase of the AGC kinase family, perturbs auxin homeostasis, which in turn modulates rosette growth and induces stress responses in Arabidopsis plants. Arabidopsis mutants and transgenic plants with altered PID expression were used to study the effect on auxin levels and stress-related responses. In the leaves of plants with ectopic PID expression an accumulation of auxin, oxidative burst and disruption of hormonal balance was apparent. Furthermore, PID overexpression led to the accumulation of antioxidant metabolites, while pid knockout mutants showed only moderate changes in stress-related metabolites. These physiological changes in the plants overexpressing PID modulated their response toward external drought and osmotic stress treatments when compared to the wild type. Based on the morphological, transcriptome, and metabolite results, we propose that perturbations in the auxin hormone levels caused by PID overexpression, along with other hormones and ROS downstream, cause antioxidant accumulation and modify growth and stress responses in Arabidopsis. Our data provide further proof for a strong correlation between auxin and stress biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud Saini
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef UniversityBeni Suef, Egypt
| | - Marios N. Markakis
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sébastjen Schoenaers
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Han Asard
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Els Prinsen
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Gerrit T. S. Beemster
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Kris Vissenberg
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
- Plant and Biochemistry and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition, Technological Educational Institute of Crete: University of Applied SciencesHeraklion, Greece
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Bielach A, Hrtyan M, Tognetti VB. Plants under Stress: Involvement of Auxin and Cytokinin. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1427. [PMID: 28677656 PMCID: PMC5535918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and development are critically influenced by unpredictable abiotic factors. To survive fluctuating changes in their environments, plants have had to develop robust adaptive mechanisms. The dynamic and complementary actions of the auxin and cytokinin pathways regulate a plethora of developmental processes, and their ability to crosstalk makes them ideal candidates for mediating stress-adaptation responses. Other crucial signaling molecules responsible for the tremendous plasticity observed in plant morphology and in response to abiotic stress are reactive oxygen species (ROS). Proper temporal and spatial distribution of ROS and hormone gradients is crucial for plant survival in response to unfavorable environments. In this regard, the convergence of ROS with phytohormone pathways acts as an integrator of external and developmental signals into systemic responses organized to adapt plants to their environments. Auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways have been studied extensively. Nevertheless, we do not yet understand the impact on plant stress tolerance of the sophisticated crosstalk between the two hormones. Here, we review current knowledge on the function of auxin and cytokinin in redirecting growth induced by abiotic stress in order to deduce their potential points of crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bielach
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Czech 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Monika Hrtyan
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Czech 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vanesa B Tognetti
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Czech 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
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