1
|
Kugelman N, Staun-Ram E, Volkovitz A, Barnett-Griness O, Glass-Marmor L, Miller A. Familial vs sporadic multiple sclerosis in the Israeli population: Differences in ethnicity distribution and disease progression, with anticipation in successive generations. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 87:105604. [PMID: 38718750 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple Sclerosis (MS) may cluster in families, an entity known as familial MS (FMS), possibly due to aggregation of genetic and environmental factors. Though previous studies have characterized FMS in different populations, no study to the best of our knowledge has yet characterized FMS in the unique Israeli population, which is comprised of relatively endogamous ethnicities. Our goal in this study was to compare demographic and clinical characteristics between FMS and sporadic MS (SMS), and to search for intra-familial patterns. METHODS In a retrospective study of 101 FMS patients and 508 SMS patients, ethnicity and sex distribution was assessed. Clinical aspects were compared between 172 paired FMS and SMS patients, matched for sex, age and ethnicity, and between generations of the FMS cohort. RESULTS Females comprised 75.3 % of FMS and 67.5 % of SMS patients (p = 0.1). Ethnic distribution was significantly different between FMS and SMS (p = 0.014), with the former comprising a higher proportion of Christian-Arabs (15.4% vs. 5.1 %, p = 0.004) and lower proportion of Jews (60% vs. 74.2 %, p = 0.016). Age at disease onset or diagnosis, frequency of positive Oligoclonal bands and comorbidity of other autoimmune/inflammatory disease or chronic diseases was comparable between FMS and SMS, yet motor symptoms at onset were more prevalent in FMS (34% vs. 20 %, p = 0.02). Annualized relapse rates throughout 10 years from onset were comparable. Among FMS, mean Expanded-Disability-Status-Scale (EDSS) and slope of deterioration in EDSS over 20 years from diagnosis were higher (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.023, respectively), time to EDSS ≥ 3 was shorter (7.1 vs. 12.1 years, HR 1.6, p = 0.036) and MS-Severity-Score (MSSS) was higher (3.84 vs. 2.95, p = 0.04), compared to SMS. Following adjustment for smoking, which tended to be higher among FMS patients (P = 0.06), mean EDSS and slope of deterioration in EDSS over 20 years remained significantly higher (p = 0.0006 and p = 0.025, respectively) in FMS, time to EDSS ≥ 3 tended to be higher (HR 1.5, p = 0.06), while MSSS was comparable. An inter-generational analysis of the total FMS cohort, as well as an intra-familial analysis, both adjusted for year of diagnosis, revealed significantly earlier age of onset (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001) and diagnosis (p = 0.001 and p < 0.0001) in the younger compared to the older generations, respectively. CONCLUSION In this Israeli cohort, the proportions of specific ethnicities differ between FMS and SMS, indicating that FMS has a population-specific prevalence pattern, and that further investigation for susceptibility genes is warranted. Disease progression is faster in FMS patients and anticipation is observed in families with multiple cases of MS. Closer surveillance and application of a pro-active induction or early highly-effective therapeutic strategy for FMS patients should be considered, to reduce high disease activity and fast disability progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Netta Kugelman
- Neuroimmunology Unit & Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elsebeth Staun-Ram
- Neuroimmunology Unit & Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anat Volkovitz
- Neuroimmunology Unit & Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofra Barnett-Griness
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lea Glass-Marmor
- Neuroimmunology Unit & Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ariel Miller
- Neuroimmunology Unit & Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kmiecik MJ, Micheletti S, Coker D, Heilbron K, Shi J, Stagaman K, Filshtein Sonmez T, Fontanillas P, Shringarpure S, Wetzel M, Rowbotham HM, Cannon P, Shelton JF, Hinds DA, Tung JY, Holmes MV, Aslibekyan S, Norcliffe-Kaufmann L. Genetic analysis and natural history of Parkinson's disease due to the LRRK2 G2019S variant. Brain 2024; 147:1996-2008. [PMID: 38804604 PMCID: PMC11146432 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The LRRK2 G2019S variant is the most common cause of monogenic Parkinson's disease (PD); however, questions remain regarding the penetrance, clinical phenotype and natural history of carriers. We performed a 3.5-year prospective longitudinal online study in a large number of 1286 genotyped LRRK2 G2019S carriers and 109 154 controls, with and without PD, recruited from the 23andMe Research Cohort. We collected self-reported motor and non-motor symptoms every 6 months, as well as demographics, family histories and environmental risk factors. Incident cases of PD (phenoconverters) were identified at follow-up. We determined lifetime risk of PD using accelerated failure time modelling and explored the impact of polygenic risk on penetrance. We also computed the genetic ancestry of all LRRK2 G2019S carriers in the 23andMe database and identified regions of the world where carrier frequencies are highest. We observed that despite a 1 year longer disease duration (P = 0.016), LRRK2 G2019S carriers with PD had similar burden of motor symptoms, yet significantly fewer non-motor symptoms including cognitive difficulties, REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) and hyposmia (all P-values ≤ 0.0002). The cumulative incidence of PD in G2019S carriers by age 80 was 49%. G2019S carriers had a 10-fold risk of developing PD versus non-carriers. This rose to a 27-fold risk in G2019S carriers with a PD polygenic risk score in the top 25% versus non-carriers in the bottom 25%. In addition to identifying ancient founding events in people of North African and Ashkenazi descent, our genetic ancestry analyses infer that the G2019S variant was later introduced to Spanish colonial territories in the Americas. Our results suggest LRRK2 G2019S PD appears to be a slowly progressive predominantly motor subtype of PD with a lower prevalence of hyposmia, RBD and cognitive impairment. This suggests that the current prodromal criteria, which are based on idiopathic PD, may lack sensitivity to detect the early phases of LRRK2 PD in G2019S carriers. We show that polygenic burden may contribute to the development of PD in the LRRK2 G2019S carrier population. Collectively, the results should help support screening programmes and candidate enrichment strategies for upcoming trials of LRRK2 inhibitors in early-stage disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Cannon
- 23andMe, Inc., Research, Sunnyvale, CA 94086, USA
| | | | | | - Joyce Y Tung
- 23andMe, Inc., Research, Sunnyvale, CA 94086, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Treister-Goltzman Y, Peleg R. Cultural Aspects of Health care for Ethiopian Jewish Immigrants in Israel: A Literature Review. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023:10.1007/s10943-023-01975-5. [PMID: 38155281 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01975-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The unique health-related traditions, perceptions, and communication patterns of Ethiopian immigrants are challenging to Israeli healthcare providers who are trained in western medicine. The aim of this review was to conduct a survey of traditions, beliefs, and symptom reporting by Ethiopian immigrants and culturally oriented interventions to improve the care of Ethiopian immigrants. We used the keywords "Ethiopian immigrants Israel" and "Ethiopian Jews." Of 418 articles initially retrieved, 35 satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We described health-related traditions and their possible complications. Possession syndrome was frequently misdiagnosed as a neurological or psychiatric disorder. The medical staff was unfamiliar with these health and illness beliefs, somatization patterns, and the communication style of Ethiopian immigrants. There were successful interventions that involved liaisons from the Ethiopian community and community-based educational activities. Medical professionals working with African immigrants worldwide can use the Israeli experience to develop effective, culturally oriented interventions to optimize the health care for these immigrants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Treister-Goltzman
- Department of Family Medicine and Siaal Research Center for Family Practice and Primary Care, The Haim Doron Division of Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
- Clalit Health Services, Southern District, Israel.
| | - Roni Peleg
- Department of Family Medicine and Siaal Research Center for Family Practice and Primary Care, The Haim Doron Division of Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Clalit Health Services, Southern District, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stulman M, Focht G, Loewenberg Weisband Y, Greenfeld S, Ben Tov A, Ledderman N, Matz E, Paltiel O, Odes S, Dotan I, Benchimol EI, Turner D. Inflammatory bowel disease among first generation immigrants in Israel: A nationwide epi-Israeli Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Nucleus study. World J Methodol 2023; 13:475-483. [PMID: 38229941 PMCID: PMC10789109 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Israel has a high rate of Jewish immigration and a high prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). AIM To compare IBD prevalence in first-generation immigrants vs Israel-born Jews. METHODS Patients with a diagnosis of IBD as of June 2020 were included from the validated epi-IIRN (Israeli IBD Research Nucleus) cohort that includes 98% of the Israeli population. We stratified the immigration cohort by IBD risk according to country of origin, time period of immigration, and age group as of June 2020. RESULTS A total of 33544 patients were ascertained, of whom 18524 (55%) had Crohn's disease (CD) and 15020 (45%) had ulcerative colitis (UC); 28394 (85%) were Israel-born and 5150 (15%) were immigrants. UC was more prevalent in immigrants (2717; 53%) than in non-immigrants (12303, 43%, P < 0.001), especially in the < 1990 immigration period. After adjusting for age, longer duration in Israel was associated with a higher point prevalence rate in June 2020 (high-risk origin: Immigration < 1990: 645.9/100000, ≥ 1990: 613.2/100000, P = 0.043; intermediate/low-risk origin: < 1990: 540.5/100000, ≥ 1990: 192.0/100000, P < 0.001). The prevalence was higher in patients immigrating from countries with high risk for IBD (561.4/100000) than those originating from intermediate-/low-risk countries (514.3/100000; P < 0.001); non-immigrant prevalence was 528.9/100000. CONCLUSION Lending support to the environmental effect on IBD etiology, we found that among immigrants to Israel, the prevalence of IBD increased with longer time since immigration, and was related to the risk of IBD in the country of origin. The UC rate was higher than that of CD only in those immigrating in earlier time periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Stulman
- The Juliet Keiden Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9574869, Israel
| | - Gili Focht
- The Juliet Keiden Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | | | - Shira Greenfeld
- Maccabi Health Services and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6801296, Israel
| | - Amir Ben Tov
- Maccabi Health Services and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6801296, Israel
| | | | - Eran Matz
- Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473704, Israel
| | - Ora Paltiel
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9574869, Israel
| | - Shmuel Odes
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Iris Dotan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel
| | - Eric Ian Benchimol
- Department of Paediatrics and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1X8, ON, Canada
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children and the SickKids Research Institute, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada
- ICES, Toronto M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Dan Turner
- The Juliet Keiden Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shani S, Goldstein O, Gana-Weisz M, Bar-Shira A, Thaler A, Gurevich T, Mirelman A, Giladi N, Alcalay RN, Orr-Urtreger A. Variants in PSMB9 and FGR differentially affect Parkinson's disease risk in GBA and LRRK2 mutation carriers. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 111:105398. [PMID: 37116292 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies found an association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and alterations in the innate immune system. However, whether the involvement of this system in two of the known genetic forms of PD, GBA-PD and LRRK2-PD, and in patients who do not carry these mutations is different, is yet to be determined. We aimed to test if genetic variations in the innate immune genes are differentially associated with PD in these subgroups. METHODS Innate immune genes were identified and classified into sub-lists according to Reactome pathways. Whole-genome-sequencing (WGS) was performed on 201 unrelated Ashkenazi-Jewish (AJ) PD patients including 104 GBA-PD, 32 LRRK2-PD, and 65 non-carriers-PD (NC-PD). To identify genes with different burden between these subgroups of PD, gene-based Sequence kernel association optimal unified test (SKAT-O) analysis was performed on innate immune pathways. Candidate variants within the significant genes were further genotyped in a cohort of 1200 unrelated, consecutively recruited, AJ-PD patients, and to evaluate their association with PD-risk their allele frequencies were compared to AJ-non-neuro cases in gnomAD database, in a stratified and un-stratified manner. RESULTS SKAT-O analysis showed significantly different burden for PSMB9 (GBA-PD versus NC-PD) and FGR (GBA-PD versus LRRK2-PD). Two candidate variants in PSMB9 showed an association with GBA-PD-risk and NC-PD-risk while one FGR variant showed an association with LRRK2-PD-risk. CONCLUSION Our data supports differential involvement of innate immunity risk alleles in PD and emphasizes the differences between the GBA- and LRRK2-PD subgroups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shachar Shani
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Laboratory of Biomarkers and Genomics of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orly Goldstein
- The Laboratory of Biomarkers and Genomics of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Mali Gana-Weisz
- The Laboratory of Biomarkers and Genomics of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Bar-Shira
- The Laboratory of Biomarkers and Genomics of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avner Thaler
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Movement Disorders Division, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Laboratory for Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tanya Gurevich
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Movement Disorders Division, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Mirelman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Movement Disorders Division, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Laboratory for Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Giladi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Brain Division Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- The Laboratory of Biomarkers and Genomics of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Movement Disorders Division, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Avi Orr-Urtreger
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Laboratory of Biomarkers and Genomics of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu Y, Gettler K, Kars ME, Giri M, Li D, Bayrak CS, Zhang P, Jain A, Maffucci P, Sabic K, Van Vleck T, Nadkarni G, Denson LA, Ostrer H, Levine AP, Schiff ER, Segal AW, Kugathasan S, Stenson PD, Cooper DN, Philip Schumm L, Snapper S, Daly MJ, Haritunians T, Duerr RH, Silverberg MS, Rioux JD, Brant SR, McGovern DPB, Cho JH, Itan Y. Identifying high-impact variants and genes in exomes of Ashkenazi Jewish inflammatory bowel disease patients. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2256. [PMID: 37080976 PMCID: PMC10119186 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic digestive tract inflammatory conditions whose genetic etiology is still poorly understood. The incidence of IBD is particularly high among Ashkenazi Jews. Here, we identify 8 novel and plausible IBD-causing genes from the exomes of 4453 genetically identified Ashkenazi Jewish IBD cases (1734) and controls (2719). Various biological pathway analyses are performed, along with bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, to demonstrate the likely physiological relatedness of the novel genes to IBD. Importantly, we demonstrate that the rare and high impact genetic architecture of Ashkenazi Jewish adult IBD displays significant overlap with very early onset-IBD genetics. Moreover, by performing biobank phenome-wide analyses, we find that IBD genes have pleiotropic effects that involve other immune responses. Finally, we show that polygenic risk score analyses based on genome-wide high impact variants have high power to predict IBD susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyle Gettler
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Meltem Ece Kars
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mamta Giri
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dalin Li
- Translational Genomics Unit, F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cigdem Sevim Bayrak
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aayushee Jain
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Maffucci
- Immunology Institute, Graduate School, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ksenija Sabic
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tielman Van Vleck
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Girish Nadkarni
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lee A Denson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Harry Ostrer
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam P Levine
- Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, UK
- Research Department of Pathology, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Elena R Schiff
- Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anthony W Segal
- Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | | | - Peter D Stenson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David N Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - L Philip Schumm
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Oncology Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark J Daly
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Talin Haritunians
- Translational Genomics Unit, F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard H Duerr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark S Silverberg
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John D Rioux
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Steven R Brant
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- Translational Genomics Unit, F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Judy H Cho
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuval Itan
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shneor E, Ostrin LA, Doron R, Benoit JS, Levine J, Davidson K, Gordon-Shaag A. Baseline characteristics in the Israel refraction, environment, and devices (iREAD) study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2855. [PMID: 36806309 PMCID: PMC9938253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to present baseline data from a longitudinal study assessing behavioral factors in three groups of boys in Israel with varying myopia prevalence. Ultra-Orthodox (N = 57), religious (N = 67), and secular (N = 44) Jewish boys (age 8.6 ± 1.4 years) underwent cycloplegic autorefraction and axial-length measurement. Time-outdoors and physical-activity were assessed objectively using an Actiwatch. Ocular history, educational factors, and near-work were assessed with a questionnaire. Group effects were tested and mixed effects logistic and linear regression were used to evaluate behaviors and their relationship to myopia. The prevalence of myopia (≤ - 0.50D) varied by group (ultra-Orthodox: 46%, religious: 25%, secular: 20%, P < 0.021). Refraction was more myopic in the ultra-Orthodox group (P = 0.001). Ultra-Orthodox boys learned to read at a younger age (P < 0.001), spent more hours in school (P < 0.001), spent less time using electronic devices (P < 0.001), and on weekdays, spent less time outdoors (P = 0.02). Increased hours in school (OR 1.70) and near-work (OR 1.22), increased the odds of myopia. Being ultra-Orthodox (P < 0.05) and increased near-work (P = 0.007) were associated with a more negative refraction. Several factors were associated with the prevalence and degree of myopia in young boys in Israel, including being ultra-Orthodox, learning to read at a younger age, and spending more hours in school.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Einat Shneor
- Department of Optometry, Hadassah Academic College, Haniviim St. 37, 9101001, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Lisa A. Ostrin
- grid.266436.30000 0004 1569 9707College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004 USA
| | - Ravid Doron
- grid.443085.e0000 0004 0366 7759Department of Optometry, Hadassah Academic College, Haniviim St. 37, 9101001 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Julia S. Benoit
- grid.266436.30000 0004 1569 9707Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, Houston, TX 77004 USA
| | - Jonathan Levine
- grid.443085.e0000 0004 0366 7759Department of Optometry, Hadassah Academic College, Haniviim St. 37, 9101001 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kevin Davidson
- grid.266436.30000 0004 1569 9707Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, Houston, TX 77004 USA
| | - Ariela Gordon-Shaag
- grid.443085.e0000 0004 0366 7759Department of Optometry, Hadassah Academic College, Haniviim St. 37, 9101001 Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fan J, Hale VL, Lelieveld LT, Whitworth LJ, Busch-Nentwich EM, Troll M, Edelstein PH, Cox TM, Roca FJ, Aerts JMFG, Ramakrishnan L. Gaucher disease protects against tuberculosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217673120. [PMID: 36745788 PMCID: PMC7614233 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217673120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biallelic mutations in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) gene cause Gaucher disease, characterized by lysosomal accumulation of glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine in macrophages. Gaucher and other lysosomal diseases occur with high frequency in Ashkenazi Jews. It has been proposed that the underlying mutations confer a selective advantage, in particular conferring protection against tuberculosis. Here, using a zebrafish Gaucher disease model, we find that the mutation GBA1 N370S, predominant among Ashkenazi Jews, increases resistance to tuberculosis through the microbicidal activity of glucosylsphingosine in macrophage lysosomes. Consistent with lysosomal accumulation occurring only in homozygotes, heterozygotes remain susceptible to tuberculosis. Thus, our findings reveal a mechanistic basis for protection against tuberculosis by GBA1 N370S and provide biological plausibility for its selection if the relatively mild deleterious effects in homozygotes were offset by significant protection against tuberculosis, a rampant killer of the young in Europe through the Middle Ages into the 19th century.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Fan
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0QH, UK
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CambridgeCB2 0QH, UK
| | | | - Lindsey T. Lelieveld
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura J. Whitworth
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0QH, UK
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CambridgeCB2 0QH, UK
| | - Elisabeth M. Busch-Nentwich
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0QH, UK
- School of Biological and Behavioral Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, LondonE1 4NS, UK
| | - Mark Troll
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0QH, UK
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CambridgeCB2 0QH, UK
| | - Paul H. Edelstein
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0QH, UK
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPA19104
| | - Timothy M. Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Francisco J. Roca
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0QH, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia30120, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia Pascual Parrilla (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia30120, Spain
| | - Johannes M. F. G. Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lalita Ramakrishnan
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0QH, UK
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CambridgeCB2 0QH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Genome-wide data from medieval German Jews show that the Ashkenazi founder event pre-dated the 14 th century. Cell 2022; 185:4703-4716.e16. [PMID: 36455558 PMCID: PMC9793425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
We report genome-wide data from 33 Ashkenazi Jews (AJ), dated to the 14th century, obtained following a salvage excavation at the medieval Jewish cemetery of Erfurt, Germany. The Erfurt individuals are genetically similar to modern AJ, but they show more variability in Eastern European-related ancestry than modern AJ. A third of the Erfurt individuals carried a mitochondrial lineage common in modern AJ and eight carried pathogenic variants known to affect AJ today. These observations, together with high levels of runs of homozygosity, suggest that the Erfurt community had already experienced the major reduction in size that affected modern AJ. The Erfurt bottleneck was more severe, implying substructure in medieval AJ. Overall, our results suggest that the AJ founder event and the acquisition of the main sources of ancestry pre-dated the 14th century and highlight late medieval genetic heterogeneity no longer present in modern AJ.
Collapse
|
10
|
Manzali SB, Yu E, Ravona-Springer R, Livny A, Golan S, Ouyang Y, Lesman-Segev O, Liu L, Ganmore I, Alkelai A, Gan-Or Z, Lin HM, Heymann A, Schnaider Beeri M, Greenbaum L. Alzheimer’s Disease Polygenic Risk Score Is Not Associated With Cognitive Decline Among Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:853695. [PMID: 36110429 PMCID: PMC9468264 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.853695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesMultiple risk loci for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) have been identified. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for cognitive decline, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We investigated the association of polygenic risk score (PRS) for LOAD with overall cognitive functioning and longitudinal decline, among older adults with T2D.MethodsThe study included 1046 Jewish participants from the Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline (IDCD) study, aged ≥ 65 years, diagnosed with T2D, and cognitively normal at baseline. The PRS included variants from 26 LOAD associated loci (at genome-wide significance level), and was calculated with and without APOE. Outcome measures, assessed in 18 months intervals, were global cognition and the specific domains of episodic memory, attention/working memory, executive functions, and language/semantic categorization. Random coefficient models were used for analysis, adjusting for demographic variables, T2D-related characteristics, and cardiovascular factors. Additionally, in a subsample of 202 individuals, we analyzed the association of PRS with the volumes of total gray matter, frontal lobe, hippocampus, amygdala, and white matter hyperintensities. Last, the association of PRS with amyloid beta (Aβ) burden was examined in 44 participants who underwent an 18F-flutemetamol PET scan.ResultsThe PRS was not significantly associated with overall functioning or decline in global cognition or any of the specific cognitive domains. Similarly, following correction for multiple testing, there was no association with Aβ burden and other brain imaging phenotypes.ConclusionOur results suggest that the cumulative effect of LOAD susceptibility loci is not associated with a greater rate of cognitive decline in older adults with T2D, and other pathways may underlie this link.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigalit B. Manzali
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Eric Yu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ramit Ravona-Springer
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Memory Clinic, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abigail Livny
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Sapir Golan
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuxia Ouyang
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Orit Lesman-Segev
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Lang Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ithamar Ganmore
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Memory Clinic, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Alkelai
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hung-Mo Lin
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anthony Heymann
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lior Greenbaum
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- *Correspondence: Lior Greenbaum,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fishman B, Zloof Y, Orr O, Tsur AM, Furer A, Omer Gilon M, Chodick G, Leiba A, Derazne E, Tzur D, Afek A, Grossman E, Twig G. The opposing trends of body mass index and blood pressure during 1977-2020; nationwide registry of 2.8 million male and female adolescents. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:242. [PMID: 34963457 PMCID: PMC8715587 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated blood pressure among adolescents has been shown to be associated with future adverse cardiovascular outcomes and early onset diabetes. Most data regarding systolic and diastolic blood pressure trends are based on surveys of selected populations within 10–20-year periods. The goal of this study was to characterize the secular trend of blood pressure given the rising prevalence of adolescent obesity. Methods This nationwide population-based study included 2,785,515 Israeli adolescents (41.6% females, mean age 17.4 years) who were medically evaluated and whose weight, height and blood pressure were measured, prior to mandatory military service between 1977 and 2020. The study period was divided into 5-year intervals. Linear regression models were used to describe the P for trend along the time intervals. Analysis of covariance was used to calculate means of blood pressure adjusted for body mass index. Results During the study period, the mean body mass index increased by 2.1 and 1.6 kg/m2 in males and females, respectively (P for trend < 0.001 in both sexes). The mean diastolic blood pressure decreased by 3.6 mmHg in males and by 2.9 mmHg in females (P < 0.001 in both sexes). The mean systolic blood pressure increased by 1.6 mmHg in males and decreased by 1.9 mmHg in females. These trends were also consistent when blood pressure values were adjusted to body mass index. Conclusion Despite the increase in body mass index over the last four decades, diastolic blood pressure decreased in both sexes while systolic blood pressure increased slightly in males and decreased in females. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-021-01433-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Fishman
- Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem and the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Cardiology, The Leviev Heart Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Talpiot Sheba Medical Leadership Program, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yair Zloof
- Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem and the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Omri Orr
- Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem and the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Orthopedic Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Avishai M Tsur
- Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem and the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Medicine 'B', Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ariel Furer
- Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem and the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Cardiology, The Leviev Heart Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ma'ayan Omer Gilon
- Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem and the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gabriel Chodick
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Maccabitech, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Leiba
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Assuta Ashdod Academic Medical Center affiliated to Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Estela Derazne
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dorit Tzur
- Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem and the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Arnon Afek
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Central Management, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ehud Grossman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Hypertension Unit and the Internal Division, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gilad Twig
- Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem and the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Institute of Endocrinology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Morgenstern-Kaplan D, Raijman-Policar J, Majzner-Aronovich S, Aradhya S, Pineda-Alvarez DE, Aguinaga M, García-Vences EE. Carrier screening in the Mexican Jewish community using a pan-ethnic expanded carrier screening NGS panel. Genet Med 2021; 24:821-830. [PMID: 34961661 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Mexican Jewish community (MJC) is a previously uncharacterized, genetically isolated group composed of Ashkenazi and Sephardi-Mizrahi Jews who migrated in the early 1900s. We aimed to determine the heterozygote frequency of disease-causing variants in 302 genes in this population. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of the MJC involving individuals representing Ashkenazi Jews, Sephardi-Mizrahi Jews, or mixed-ancestry Jews. We offered saliva-based preconception pan-ethnic expanded carrier screening, which examined 302 genes. We analyzed heterozygote frequencies of pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants and compared them with those in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). RESULTS We recruited 208 participants. The carrier screening results showed that 72.1% were heterozygous for at least 1 severe disease-causing variant in 1 of the genes analyzed. The most common genes with severe disease-causing variants were CFTR (16.8% of participants), MEFV (11.5%), WNT10A (6.7%), and GBA (6.7%). The allele frequencies were compared with those in the gnomAD; 85% of variant frequencies were statistically different from those found in gnomAD (P <.05). Finally, 6% of couples were at risk of having a child with a severe disorder. CONCLUSION The heterozygote frequency of at least 1 severe disease-causing variant in the MJC was 72.1%. The use of carrier screening in the MJC and other understudied populations could help parents make more informed decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Morgenstern-Kaplan
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Health Sciences Faculty, Anahuac University, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Jaime Raijman-Policar
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Health Sciences Faculty, Anahuac University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sore Majzner-Aronovich
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Health Sciences Faculty, Anahuac University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Mónica Aguinaga
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Health Sciences Faculty, Anahuac University, Mexico City, Mexico; Sexual and Reproductive Health Department, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edna Elisa García-Vences
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Health Sciences Faculty, Anahuac University, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gordon-Shaag A, Shneor E, Doron R, Levine J, Ostrin LA. Environmental and Behavioral Factors with Refractive Error in Israeli Boys. Optom Vis Sci 2021; 98:959-970. [PMID: 34387583 PMCID: PMC8407447 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Evidence supporting the contributions of near work in myopia is equivocal. Findings from this pilot study suggest that a high prevalence of myopia in ultra-Orthodox boys may be attributed to intense near work at school and learning to read in preschool at an early age. PURPOSE This study aimed to assess factors that may influence myopia in three groups of Jewish boys with different educational demands. METHODS Healthy ultra-Orthodox, religious, and secular Jewish boys (n = 36) aged 8 to 12 years participated. Refractive status, education, time spent reading and writing, and electronic device use were assessed using a questionnaire, and time outdoors and physical activity were assessed objectively using an Actiwatch. Data were analyzed with χ2 and Kruskal-Wallis tests with Bonferroni post hoc comparisons. RESULTS Ultra-Orthodox (n = 14) and religious (n = 13) children had greater myopia prevalence compared with secular children (n = 9; P = .01), despite no differences in parental myopia. Actigraph data showed that there were no differences in activity (P = .52) or time spent outdoors (P = .48) between groups. Ultra-Orthodox children learned to read at a younger age and spent more hours at school (P < .001 for both). All groups engaged in a similar amount of near work while not in school (P = .52). However, ultra-Orthodox boys had less electronic device use than did religious (P = .007) and secular children (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study demonstrates that ultra-Orthodox, religious, and secular children have distinct educational demands but similar time outdoors, physical activity, and near work while not in school. The findings suggest that near work at school and/or learning to read in preschool at an early age may contribute to previously reported differences in refractive error between groups. However, conclusions should be confirmed in a larger sample size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariela Gordon-Shaag
- Department of Optometry, Hadassah Academic College Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Einat Shneor
- Department of Optometry, Hadassah Academic College Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ravid Doron
- Department of Optometry, Hadassah Academic College Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jonathan Levine
- Department of Optometry, Hadassah Academic College Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lisa A. Ostrin
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Major T, Gindele R, Balogh G, Bárdossy P, Bereczky Z. Founder Effects in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081682. [PMID: 33919892 PMCID: PMC8070971 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A founder effect can result from the establishment of a new population by individuals from a larger population or bottleneck events. Certain alleles may be found at much higher frequencies because of genetic drift immediately after the founder event. We provide a systematic literature review of the sporadically reported founder effects in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). All publications from the ACVRL1, ENG and SMAD4 Mutation Databases and publications searched for terms “hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia” and “founder” in PubMed and Scopus, respectively, were extracted. Following duplicate removal, 141 publications were searched for the terms “founder” and “founding” and the etymon “ancest”. Finally, 67 publications between 1992 and 2020 were reviewed. Founder effects were graded upon shared area of ancestry/residence, shared core haplotypes, genealogy and prevalence. Twenty-six ACVRL1 and 12 ENG variants with a potential founder effect were identified. The bigger the cluster of families with a founder mutation, the more remarkable is its influence to the populational ACVRL1/ENG ratio, affecting HHT phenotype. Being aware of founder effects might simplify the diagnosis of HHT by establishing local genetic algorithms. Families sharing a common core haplotype might serve as a basis to study potential second-hits in the etiology of HHT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Major
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Kenézy Gyula Campus, University of Debrecen Medical Center, H-4031 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (Z.B.); Tel.: +36-52-511777/1756 (T.M.); +36-52-431956 (Z.B.); Fax: +36-52-511755 (T.M.); +36-52-340011 (Z.B.)
| | - Réka Gindele
- Division of Clinical Laboratory Science, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Gábor Balogh
- Division of Clinical Laboratory Science, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Péter Bárdossy
- Hungarian Heraldry and Genealogical Society, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zsuzsanna Bereczky
- Division of Clinical Laboratory Science, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.G.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (Z.B.); Tel.: +36-52-511777/1756 (T.M.); +36-52-431956 (Z.B.); Fax: +36-52-511755 (T.M.); +36-52-340011 (Z.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Middle eastern genetic legacy in the paternal and maternal gene pools of Chuetas. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21428. [PMID: 33293675 PMCID: PMC7722846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78487-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chuetas are a group of descendants of Majorcan Crypto-Jews (Balearic Islands, Spain) who were socially stigmatized and segregated by their Majorcan neighbours until recently; generating a community that, although after the seventeenth century no longer contained Judaic religious elements, maintained strong group cohesion, Jewishness consciousness, and endogamy. Collective memory fixed 15 surnames as a most important defining element of Chueta families. Previous studies demonstrated Chuetas were a differentiated population, with a considerable proportion of their original genetic make-up. Genetic data of Y-chromosome polymorphism and mtDNA control region showed, in Chuetas’ paternal lineages, high prevalence of haplogroups J2-M172 (33%) and J1-M267 (18%). In maternal lineages, the Chuetas hallmark is the presence of a new sub-branching of the rare haplogroup R0a2m as their modal haplogroup (21%). Genetic diversity in both Y-chromosome and mtDNA indicates the Chueta community has managed to avoid the expected heterogeneity decrease in their gene pool after centuries of isolation and inbreeding. Moreover, the composition of their uniparentally transmitted lineages demonstrates a remarkable signature of Middle Eastern ancestry—despite some degree of host admixture—confirming Chuetas have retained over the centuries a considerable degree of ancestral genetic signature along with the cultural memory of their Jewish origin.
Collapse
|
16
|
Brownstein Z, Gulsuner S, Walsh T, Martins FTA, Taiber S, Isakov O, Lee MK, Bordeynik-Cohen M, Birkan M, Chang W, Casadei S, Danial-Farran N, Abu-Rayyan A, Carlson R, Kamal L, Arnþórsson ÁÖ, Sokolov M, Gilony D, Lipschitz N, Frydman M, Davidov B, Macarov M, Sagi M, Vinkler C, Poran H, Sharony R, Samara N, Zvi N, Baris-Feldman H, Singer A, Handzel O, Hertzano R, Ali-Naffaa D, Ruhrman-Shahar N, Madgar O, Sofrin E, Peleg A, Khayat M, Shohat M, Basel-Salmon L, Pras E, Lev D, Wolf M, Steingrimsson E, Shomron N, Kelley MW, Kanaan M, Allon-Shalev S, King MC, Avraham KB. Spectrum of genes for inherited hearing loss in the Israeli Jewish population, including the novel human deafness gene ATOH1. Clin Genet 2020; 98:353-364. [PMID: 33111345 PMCID: PMC8045518 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in more than 150 genes are responsible for inherited hearing loss, with thousands of different, severe causal alleles that vary among populations. The Israeli Jewish population includes communities of diverse geographic origins, revealing a wide range of deafness-associated variants and enabling clinical characterization of the associated phenotypes. Our goal was to identify the genetic causes of inherited hearing loss in this population, and to determine relationships among genotype, phenotype, and ethnicity. Genomic DNA samples from informative relatives of 88 multiplex families, all of self-identified Jewish ancestry, with either non-syndromic or syndromic hearing loss, were sequenced for known and candidate deafness genes using the HEar-Seq gene panel. The genetic causes of hearing loss were identified for 60% of the families. One gene was encountered for the first time in human hearing loss: ATOH1 (Atonal), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor responsible for autosomal dominant progressive hearing loss in a five-generation family. Our results show that genomic sequencing with a gene panel dedicated to hearing loss is effective for genetic diagnoses in a diverse population. Comprehensive sequencing enables well-informed genetic counseling and clinical management by medical geneticists, otolaryngologists, audiologists, and speech therapists and can be integrated into newborn screening for deafness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zippora Brownstein
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Suleyman Gulsuner
- Departments of Genome Sciences and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tom Walsh
- Departments of Genome Sciences and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Fábio Tadeu Arrojo Martins
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shahar Taiber
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofer Isakov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ming K. Lee
- Departments of Genome Sciences and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mor Bordeynik-Cohen
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maria Birkan
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center–Beilinson Hospital, Tel Aviv University Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Weise Chang
- Laboratory of Cochlear Development, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communications Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Silvia Casadei
- Departments of Genome Sciences and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nada Danial-Farran
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Genetics Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amal Abu-Rayyan
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bethlehem University, Bethlehem, Palestine
| | - Ryan Carlson
- Departments of Genome Sciences and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lara Kamal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bethlehem University, Bethlehem, Palestine
| | - Ásgeir Örn Arnþórsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Meirav Sokolov
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Dror Gilony
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Noga Lipschitz
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Moshe Frydman
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Bella Davidov
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center–Beilinson Hospital, Tel Aviv University Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Michal Macarov
- Department of Human Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Sagi
- Department of Human Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chana Vinkler
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Hana Poran
- Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Reuven Sharony
- Genetics Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Na’ama Zvi
- Department of Human Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Amihood Singer
- Community Genetics Department, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ophir Handzel
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronna Hertzano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Doaa Ali-Naffaa
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Human Genetics Institute, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noa Ruhrman-Shahar
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center–Beilinson Hospital, Tel Aviv University Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Ory Madgar
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Efrat Sofrin
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center–Beilinson Hospital, Tel Aviv University Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Amir Peleg
- Human Genetics Institute, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Morad Khayat
- Genetics Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Mordechai Shohat
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Maccabi HMO, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lina Basel-Salmon
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center–Beilinson Hospital, Tel Aviv University Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Elon Pras
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Dorit Lev
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Eirikur Steingrimsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Noam Shomron
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Matthew W. Kelley
- Laboratory of Cochlear Development, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communications Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Moien Kanaan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bethlehem University, Bethlehem, Palestine
| | - Stavit Allon-Shalev
- Genetics Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mary-Claire King
- Departments of Genome Sciences and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen B. Avraham
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Choices, attitudes, and experiences of genetic screening in Latino/a and Ashkenazi Jewish individuals. J Community Genet 2020; 11:391-403. [PMID: 32382939 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-020-00464-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic screening to inform personal risk has only recently become an option as the cost of sequencing decreases, and our ability to interpret sequence variants improves. Studies have demonstrated that people want to learn about their genetic information and do well after learning it, but minorities are underrepresented in these studies. We surveyed Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) and Latino/a participants in a genetic screening study to solicit choices about genetic results to return, as well as their experience with learning these results and attitudes about genetic information secrecy and security. Participants had the option to proceed through the study self-guided, and few elected to have traditional pre-test genetic education and counseling. Despite this, the majority were satisfied with the process of selecting and receiving genetic results and felt that they understood their results. Concerns about privacy and confidentiality of genetic data were minimal, though some participants expressed modest concerns about keeping any potential results secret or the confidentiality of their genetic information. Our results support the feasibility of the option of self-guided genetic screening. Additional care will need to be taken when designing population-based screening studies to meet the needs of participants who come from communities with different experiences with genetics.
Collapse
|
18
|
Dai CL, Vazifeh MM, Yeang CH, Tachet R, Wells RS, Vilar MG, Daly MJ, Ratti C, Martin AR. Population Histories of the United States Revealed through Fine-Scale Migration and Haplotype Analysis. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 106:371-388. [PMID: 32142644 PMCID: PMC7058830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The population of the United States is shaped by centuries of migration, isolation, growth, and admixture between ancestors of global origins. Here, we assemble a comprehensive view of recent population history by studying the ancestry and population structure of more than 32,000 individuals in the US using genetic, ancestral birth origin, and geographic data from the National Geographic Genographic Project. We identify migration routes and barriers that reflect historical demographic events. We also uncover the spatial patterns of relatedness in subpopulations through the combination of haplotype clustering, ancestral birth origin analysis, and local ancestry inference. Examples of these patterns include substantial substructure and heterogeneity in Hispanics/Latinos, isolation-by-distance in African Americans, elevated levels of relatedness and homozygosity in Asian immigrants, and fine-scale structure in European descents. Taken together, our results provide detailed insights into the genetic structure and demographic history of the diverse US population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhen L Dai
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mohammad M Vazifeh
- Senseable City Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chen-Hsiang Yeang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Remi Tachet
- Senseable City Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Miguel G Vilar
- Genographic Project, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - Mark J Daly
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Carlo Ratti
- Senseable City Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alicia R Martin
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
High-resolution inference of genetic relationships among Jewish populations. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:804-814. [PMID: 31919450 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have used genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to investigate relationships among various Jewish populations and their non-Jewish historical neighbors, often focusing on small subsets of populations from a limited geographic range or relatively small samples within populations. Here, building on the significant progress that has emerged from genomic SNP studies in the placement of Jewish populations in relation to non-Jewish populations, we focus on population structure among Jewish populations. In particular, we examine Jewish population-genetic structure in samples that span much of the historical range of Jewish populations in Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia. Combining 429 newly genotyped samples from 29 Jewish and 3 non-Jewish populations with previously reported genotypes on Jewish and non-Jewish populations, we investigate variation in 2789 individuals from 114 populations at 486,592 genome-wide autosomal SNPs. Using multidimensional scaling analysis, unsupervised model-based clustering, and population trees, we find that, genetically, most Jewish samples fall into four major clusters that largely represent four culturally defined groupings, namely the Ashkenazi, Mizrahi, North African, and Sephardi subdivisions of the Jewish population. We detect high-resolution population structure, including separation of the Ashkenazi and Sephardi groups and distinctions among populations within the Mizrahi and North African groups. Our results refine knowledge of Jewish population-genetic structure and contribute to a growing understanding of the distinctive genetic ancestry evident in closely related but historically separate Jewish communities.
Collapse
|
20
|
Andersen BP. Ethnic group differences in the general factor of personality (GFP) are opposite to that which would be predicted by differential-K theory. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
21
|
Akler G, Birch AH, Schreiber-Agus N, Cai X, Cai G, Shi L, Yu C, Larmore AM, Mendiratta-Vij G, Elkhoury L, Dillon MW, Zhu J, Mclellan AS, Suer FE, Webb BD, Schadt EE, Kornreich R, Edelmann L. Lessons learned from expanded reproductive carrier screening in self-reported Ashkenazi, Sephardi, and Mizrahi Jewish patients. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 8:e1053. [PMID: 31880409 PMCID: PMC7005669 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Next‐generation sequencing (NGS)‐based panels have gained traction as a strategy for reproductive carrier screening. Their value for screening Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) individuals, who have benefited greatly from population‐wide targeted testing, as well as Sephardi/Mizrahi Jewish (SMJ) individuals (an underserved population), has not been fully explored. Methods The clinical utilization by 6,805 self‐reported Jewish individuals of an expanded NGS panel, along with several ancillary assays, was assessed retrospectively. Data were extracted for a subset of 96 diseases that, during the panel design phase, were classified as being AJ‐, SMJ‐, or pan‐Jewish/pan‐ethnic‐relevant. Results 64.6% of individuals were identified as carriers of one or more of these 96 diseases. Over 80% of the reported variants would have been missed by following recommended AJ screening guidelines. 10.7% of variants reported for AJs were in “SMJ‐relevant genes,” and 31.2% reported for SMJs were in “AJ‐relevant genes.” Roughly 2.5% of individuals carried a novel, likely pathogenic variant. One in 16 linked cohort couples was identified as a carrier couple for at least one of these 96 diseases. Conclusion For maximal carrier identification, this study supports using expanded NGS panels for individuals of all Jewish backgrounds. This approach can better empower at‐risk couples for reproductive decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gidon Akler
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,TOVANA Health, Houston, TX, USA.,Precision Medicine Insights, P.C., Great Neck, NY, USA
| | - Ashley H Birch
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Sema4, A Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, CT, USA
| | | | - Xiaoqiang Cai
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Sema4, A Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Guiqing Cai
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Sema4, A Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Lisong Shi
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Sema4, A Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Chunli Yu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Sema4, A Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Anastasia M Larmore
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Sema4, A Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Geetu Mendiratta-Vij
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Sema4, A Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Lama Elkhoury
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Sema4, A Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Mitchell W Dillon
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Sema4, A Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Andrew S Mclellan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Sema4, A Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Funda E Suer
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Sema4, A Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Bryn D Webb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Sema4, A Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Sema4, A Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Ruth Kornreich
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Sema4, A Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Lisa Edelmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Sema4, A Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Park J, Damrauer SM, Baras A, Reid JG, Overton JD, Gonzalez-Alegre P. Epidemiology of DYT1 dystonia: Estimating prevalence via genetic ascertainment. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2019; 5:e358. [PMID: 31583275 PMCID: PMC6745720 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To estimate the prevalence of TOR1A sequence variants associated with DYT1 dystonia. Methods We determined the frequency of the common trinucleotide deletion that causes DYT1 in the Genome Aggregation Database and the Penn Medicine Biobank, totaling exomes from over 135,000 individuals. We also evaluated the prevalence of other possible pathogenic variants in this gene and asked whether the D216H polymorphism is linked to a higher diagnostic rate for dystonia independent of the DYT1-causing mutation. Results The estimated range of prevalence of the most common pathogenic variant that causes DYT1 is ∼17.6–26.1 carriers per 100,000 individuals. Based on the different data sets used, we predict that there are between 54,366 and 80,891 mutation carriers in the United States, which, due to the reduced penetrance of this variant, would translate into 16,475–24,513 DYT1 patients. Conclusions Our data provide a prevalence estimate of the most common DYT1 mutation in the general population. This information is specifically important for those with interest in the development of precision therapeutics for dystonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Park
- Department of Medicine (J.P.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Surgery (S.M.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Regeneron Genetics Center (A.B., J.G.R., J.D.O.), Tarrytown, NY; and Department of Neurology (P.G.-A.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Medicine (J.P.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Surgery (S.M.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Regeneron Genetics Center (A.B., J.G.R., J.D.O.), Tarrytown, NY; and Department of Neurology (P.G.-A.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Aris Baras
- Department of Medicine (J.P.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Surgery (S.M.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Regeneron Genetics Center (A.B., J.G.R., J.D.O.), Tarrytown, NY; and Department of Neurology (P.G.-A.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Jeffrey G Reid
- Department of Medicine (J.P.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Surgery (S.M.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Regeneron Genetics Center (A.B., J.G.R., J.D.O.), Tarrytown, NY; and Department of Neurology (P.G.-A.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - John D Overton
- Department of Medicine (J.P.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Surgery (S.M.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Regeneron Genetics Center (A.B., J.G.R., J.D.O.), Tarrytown, NY; and Department of Neurology (P.G.-A.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Pedro Gonzalez-Alegre
- Department of Medicine (J.P.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Surgery (S.M.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Regeneron Genetics Center (A.B., J.G.R., J.D.O.), Tarrytown, NY; and Department of Neurology (P.G.-A.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yardumian A, Schurr TG. The Geography of Jewish Ethnogenesis. JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1086/702709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
24
|
M'Koma AE. The Multifactorial Etiopathogeneses Interplay of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Overview. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2019; 1:75-105. [PMID: 37577036 PMCID: PMC10416806 DOI: 10.3390/gidisord1010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal system where inflammatory bowel disease occurs is central to the immune system where the innate and the adaptive/acquired immune systems are balanced in interactions with gut microbes under homeostasis conditions. This article overviews the high-throughput research screening on multifactorial interplay between genetic risk factors, the intestinal microbiota, urbanization, modernization, Westernization, the environmental influences and immune responses in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease in humans. Inflammatory bowel disease is an expensive multifactorial debilitating disease that affects thousands new people annually worldwide with no known etiology or cure. The conservative therapeutics focus on the established pathology where the immune dysfunction and gut injury have already happened but do not preclude or delay the progression. Inflammatory bowel disease is evolving globally and has become a global emergence disease. It is largely known to be a disease in industrial-urbanized societies attributed to modernization and Westernized lifestyle associated with environmental factors to genetically susceptible individuals with determined failure to process certain commensal antigens. In the developing nations, increasing incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been associated with rapid urbanization, modernization and Westernization of the population. In summary, there are identified multiple associations to host exposures potentiating the landscape risk hazards of inflammatory bowel disease trigger, that include: Western life-style and diet, host genetics, altered innate and/or acquired/adaptive host immune responses, early-life microbiota exposure, change in microbiome symbiotic relationship (dysbiosis/dysbacteriosis), pollution, changing hygiene status, socioeconomic status and several other environmental factors have long-standing effects/influence tolerance. The ongoing multipronged robotic studies on gut microbiota composition disparate patterns between the rural vs. urban locations may help elucidate and better understand the contribution of microbiome disciplines/ecology and evolutionary biology in potentially protecting against the development of inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amosy E M'Koma
- Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Colon and Rectal Surgery, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS), Arlington Heights, IL 60005, USA
- The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Aboukaoud M, Israel S, Brautbar C, Eyal S. Genetic Basis of Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions to Drugs in Jewish and Arab Populations. Pharm Res 2018; 35:211. [PMID: 30225831 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variation can affect drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and contribute to variability between individuals in response to medications. Specifically, differences in allele frequencies among individuals and ethnic groups have been associated with variation in their propensity to develop drug hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs). This article reviews the current knowledge on the genetic background of HSRs and its relevance to Jewish and Arab populations. The focus is on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and haplotypes as predictive markers of HSRs ("immunopharmacogenetics"), but other genes and alleles are described as well. Also discussed is the translation of the pharmacogenetic information to practice recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Aboukaoud
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Room 613, Ein Kerem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shoshana Israel
- Tissue Typing Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chaim Brautbar
- Tissue Typing Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sara Eyal
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Room 613, Ein Kerem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Affiliation(s)
- Alfons Labisch
- c/o University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, Bldg. 14.75, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Keret O, Shochat T, Steiner I, Glik A. Non-Ashkenazi Jewish Origin is Associated with Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 65:877-884. [PMID: 30103328 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) accounts for 1-5% of Alzheimer's disease cases and is associated with specific ethnicities. It has been our impression that non-Ashkenazi Jews have a higher rate of EOAD and we therefore explored this hypothesis. We performed a retrospective case control study of EOAD cases referred to our cognitive neurology clinic between January 1999 and December 2016. Patients (n = 129) were compared to age- and geographically-matched controls generated from the Second Israeli National Health Survey (n = 1,811). Data on country of origin, education, dementia family history, depression, and vascular risk factors were compared between the groups. The association of non-Ashkenazi Jewish heritage and country of origin with EOAD was calculated using a logistic multivariate regression model. The EOAD group's mean age was 59.6±4.1 years, with a female predominance (64.3%). The EOAD group had a higher percentage of individuals of non-Ashkenazi Jewish origin (64.3% versus 51.4%, p = 0.003) and of Yemenite descent in particular (16.28% versus 6.24%, p < 0.001). On multiple logistic regression analysis, Yemenite Jewish origin was an independently associated with EOAD (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.4-4.8). There were no significant differences in parameters between non-Ashkenazi and Ashkenazi Jews. Only 4.6% of EOAD cases had a positive EOAD family history. In conclusion, EOAD is over-represented among non-Ashkenazi Jews. Yemenite origin is independently associated with EOAD and the majority of patients with EOAD have no family history of Alzheimer's disease. Further evaluation with genetic studies is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ophir Keret
- Cognitive Neurology Clinic, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tzippy Shochat
- Statistical Consultancy Service, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Israel Steiner
- Cognitive Neurology Clinic, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Glik
- Cognitive Neurology Clinic, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ganna A, Satterstrom FK, Zekavat SM, Das I, Kurki MI, Churchhouse C, Alfoldi J, Martin AR, Havulinna AS, Byrnes A, Thompson WK, Nielsen PR, Karczewski KJ, Saarentaus E, Rivas MA, Gupta N, Pietiläinen O, Emdin CA, Lescai F, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Flannick J, Mercader JM, Udler M, Laakso M, Salomaa V, Hultman C, Ripatti S, Hämäläinen E, Moilanen JS, Körkkö J, Kuismin O, Nordentoft M, Hougaard DM, Mors O, Werge T, Mortensen PB, MacArthur D, Daly MJ, Sullivan PF, Locke AE, Palotie A, Børglum AD, Kathiresan S, Neale BM, Palotie A, Børglum AD, Kathiresan S, Neale BM. Quantifying the Impact of Rare and Ultra-rare Coding Variation across the Phenotypic Spectrum. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:1204-1211. [PMID: 29861106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a limited understanding about the impact of rare protein-truncating variants across multiple phenotypes. We explore the impact of this class of variants on 13 quantitative traits and 10 diseases using whole-exome sequencing data from 100,296 individuals. Protein-truncating variants in genes intolerant to this class of mutations increased risk of autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, intellectual disability, and ADHD. In individuals without these disorders, there was an association with shorter height, lower education, increased hospitalization, and reduced age at enrollment. Gene sets implicated from GWASs did not show a significant protein-truncating variants burden beyond what was captured by established Mendelian genes. In conclusion, we provide a thorough investigation of the impact of rare deleterious coding variants on complex traits, suggesting widespread pleiotropic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aarno Palotie
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Anders D Børglum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark; iSEQ, Center for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8210, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8210, Denmark
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rivas MA, Avila BE, Koskela J, Huang H, Stevens C, Pirinen M, Haritunians T, Neale BM, Kurki M, Ganna A, Graham D, Glaser B, Peter I, Atzmon G, Barzilai N, Levine AP, Schiff E, Pontikos N, Weisburd B, Lek M, Karczewski KJ, Bloom J, Minikel EV, Petersen BS, Beaugerie L, Seksik P, Cosnes J, Schreiber S, Bokemeyer B, Bethge J, Heap G, Ahmad T, Plagnol V, Segal AW, Targan S, Turner D, Saavalainen P, Farkkila M, Kontula K, Palotie A, Brant SR, Duerr RH, Silverberg MS, Rioux JD, Weersma RK, Franke A, Jostins L, Anderson CA, Barrett JC, MacArthur DG, Jalas C, Sokol H, Xavier RJ, Pulver A, Cho JH, McGovern DPB, Daly MJ. Insights into the genetic epidemiology of Crohn's and rare diseases in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007329. [PMID: 29795570 PMCID: PMC5967709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of a broader collaborative network of exome sequencing studies, we developed a jointly called data set of 5,685 Ashkenazi Jewish exomes. We make publicly available a resource of site and allele frequencies, which should serve as a reference for medical genetics in the Ashkenazim (hosted in part at https://ibd.broadinstitute.org, also available in gnomAD at http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org). We estimate that 34% of protein-coding alleles present in the Ashkenazi Jewish population at frequencies greater than 0.2% are significantly more frequent (mean 15-fold) than their maximum frequency observed in other reference populations. Arising via a well-described founder effect approximately 30 generations ago, this catalog of enriched alleles can contribute to differences in genetic risk and overall prevalence of diseases between populations. As validation we document 148 AJ enriched protein-altering alleles that overlap with "pathogenic" ClinVar alleles (table available at https://github.com/macarthur-lab/clinvar/blob/master/output/clinvar.tsv), including those that account for 10-100 fold differences in prevalence between AJ and non-AJ populations of some rare diseases, especially recessive conditions, including Gaucher disease (GBA, p.Asn409Ser, 8-fold enrichment); Canavan disease (ASPA, p.Glu285Ala, 12-fold enrichment); and Tay-Sachs disease (HEXA, c.1421+1G>C, 27-fold enrichment; p.Tyr427IlefsTer5, 12-fold enrichment). We next sought to use this catalog, of well-established relevance to Mendelian disease, to explore Crohn's disease, a common disease with an estimated two to four-fold excess prevalence in AJ. We specifically attempt to evaluate whether strong acting rare alleles, particularly protein-truncating or otherwise large effect-size alleles, enriched by the same founder-effect, contribute excess genetic risk to Crohn's disease in AJ, and find that ten rare genetic risk factors in NOD2 and LRRK2 are enriched in AJ (p < 0.005), including several novel contributing alleles, show evidence of association to CD. Independently, we find that genomewide common variant risk defined by GWAS shows a strong difference between AJ and non-AJ European control population samples (0.97 s.d. higher, p<10-16). Taken together, the results suggest coordinated selection in AJ population for higher CD risk alleles in general. The results and approach illustrate the value of exome sequencing data in case-control studies along with reference data sets like ExAC (sites VCF available via FTP at ftp.broadinstitute.org/pub/ExAC_release/release0.3/) to pinpoint genetic variation that contributes to variable disease predisposition across populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A. Rivas
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Brandon E. Avila
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jukka Koskela
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Christine Stevens
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Matti Pirinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Talin Haritunians
- Translational Genomics Unit, F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Benjamin M. Neale
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Mitja Kurki
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Daniel Graham
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Service Department of Internal Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Inga Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Genetics and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Genetics and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Adam P. Levine
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Schiff
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolas Pontikos
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Weisburd
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Monkol Lek
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Konrad J. Karczewski
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Bloom
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Eric V. Minikel
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Britt-Sabina Petersen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Laurent Beaugerie
- Gastroenterology Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Seksik
- Gastroenterology Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Cosnes
- Gastroenterology Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Bethge
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Graham Heap
- IBD Pharmacogenetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Tariq Ahmad
- Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Plagnol
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony W. Segal
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Targan
- Translational Genomics Unit, F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Dan Turner
- Juliet Keidan Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Paivi Saavalainen
- Research Programs Unit, Immunobiology, and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martti Farkkila
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Kontula
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Steven R. Brant
- Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Richard H. Duerr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Silverberg
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John D. Rioux
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rinse K. Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Luke Jostins
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carl A. Anderson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey C. Barrett
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel G. MacArthur
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Chaim Jalas
- Bonei Olam, Center for Rare Jewish Genetic Disorders, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Harry Sokol
- Gastroenterology Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ann Pulver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Judy H. Cho
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Dr Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Dermot P. B. McGovern
- Translational Genomics Unit, F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Daly
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Schiff ER, Frampton M, Semplici F, Bloom SL, McCartney SA, Vega R, Lovat LB, Wood E, Hart AL, Crespi D, Furman MA, Mann S, Murray CD, Segal AW, Levine AP. A New Look at Familial Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Ashkenazi Jewish Population. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:3049-3057. [PMID: 30178286 PMCID: PMC6182437 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are particularly common among the Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) population. Population-specific estimates of familial risk are important for counseling; however, relatively small cohorts of AJ IBD patients have been analyzed for familial risk to date. This study aimed to recruit a new cohort of AJ IBD patients, mainly from the UK, to determine the familial occurrence of disease. METHODS A total of 864 AJ IBD patients were recruited through advertisements, hospital clinics, and primary care. Participants were interviewed about their Jewish ancestry, disease phenotype, age of diagnosis, and family history of disease. Case notes were reviewed. RESULTS The 864 probands comprised 506 sporadic and 358 familial cases, the latter with a total of 625 affected relatives. Of the UK cases, 40% had a positive family history with 25% having at least one affected first-degree relative. These percentages were lower among those recruited through hospital clinics and primary care (33% for all relatives and 22% among first-degree relatives). Examining all probands, the relative risk of IBD for offspring, siblings, and parents was 10.5, 7.4, and 4, respectively. Age of diagnosis was significantly lower in familial versus sporadic patients with Crohn's disease. CONCLUSIONS This study reports familial risk estimates for a significant proportion of the AJ IBD population in the UK. The high rate of a positive family history in this cohort may reflect the greater genetic burden for IBD among AJs. These data are of value in predicting the likelihood of future recurrence of IBD in AJ families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena R. Schiff
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Frampton
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Semplici
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stuart L. Bloom
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sara A. McCartney
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Roser Vega
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Laurence B. Lovat
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospital, London, UK ,Research Department of Tissue and Energy, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eleanor Wood
- Gastroenterology Department, Homerton University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ailsa L. Hart
- Gastroenterology Department, St Mark’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Daniel Crespi
- Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mark A. Furman
- Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Steven Mann
- Gastroenterology Department, Barnet General Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Anthony W. Segal
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adam P. Levine
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kimchi A, Khateb S, Wen R, Guan Z, Obolensky A, Beryozkin A, Kurtzman S, Blumenfeld A, Pras E, Jacobson SG, Ben-Yosef T, Newman H, Sharon D, Banin E. Nonsyndromic Retinitis Pigmentosa in the Ashkenazi Jewish Population: Genetic and Clinical Aspects. Ophthalmology 2017; 125:725-734. [PMID: 29276052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the genetic and clinical findings in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients of Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) descent, aiming to identify genotype-phenotype correlations. DESIGN Cohort study. PARTICIPANTS Retinitis pigmentosa patients from 230 families of AJ origin. METHODS Sanger sequencing was performed to detect specific founder mutations known to be prevalent in the AJ population. Ophthalmologic analysis included a comprehensive clinical examination, visual acuity (VA), visual fields, electroretinography, color vision testing, and retinal imaging by OCT, pseudocolor, and autofluorescence fundus photography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Inheritance pattern and causative mutation; retinal function as assessed by VA, visual fields, and electroretinography results; and retinal structural changes observed on clinical funduscopy as well as by pseudocolor, autofluorescence, and OCT imaging. RESULTS The causative mutation was identified in 37% of families. The most prevalent RP-causing mutations are the Alu insertion (c.1297_8ins353, p.K433Rins31*) in the male germ cell-associated kinase (MAK) gene (39% of families with a known genetic cause for RP) and c.124A>G, p.K42E in dehydrodolichol diphosphate synthase (DHDDS) (33%). Additionally, disease-causing mutations were identified in 11 other genes. Analysis of clinical parameters of patients with mutations in the 2 most common RP-causing genes revealed that MAK patients had better VA and visual fields at relatively older ages in comparison with DHDDS patients. Funduscopic findings of DHDDS patients matched those of MAK patients who were 20 to 30 years older. Patients with DHDDS mutations were referred for electrophysiologic evaluation at earlier ages, and their cone responses became nondetectable at a much younger age than MAK patients. CONCLUSIONS Our AJ cohort of RP patients is the largest reported to date and showed a substantial difference in the genetic causes of RP compared with cohorts of other populations, mainly a high rate of autosomal recessive inheritance and a unique composition of causative genes. The most common RP-causing genes in our cohort, MAK and DHDDS, were not described as major causative genes in other populations. The clinical data show that in general, patients with biallelic MAK mutations had a later age of onset and a milder retinal phenotype compared with patients with biallelic DHDDS mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adva Kimchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Samer Khateb
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rong Wen
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Ziqiang Guan
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alexey Obolensky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avigail Beryozkin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shoshi Kurtzman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anat Blumenfeld
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eran Pras
- Department of Ophthalmology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Samuel G Jacobson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tamar Ben-Yosef
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hadas Newman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Ophthalmology, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dror Sharon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Eyal Banin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Weisz Hubshman M, Broekman S, van Wijk E, Cremers F, Abu-Diab A, Khateb S, Tzur S, Lagovsky I, Smirin-Yosef P, Sharon D, Haer-Wigman L, Banin E, Basel-Vanagaite L, de Vrieze E. Whole-exome sequencing reveals POC5 as a novel gene associated with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 27:614-624. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
|
33
|
Zlotogora J, Patrinos GP, Meiner V. Ashkenazi Jewish genomic variants: integrating data from the Israeli National Genetic Database and gnomAD. Genet Med 2017; 20:867-871. [PMID: 29144512 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2017.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to compare the data for mutations related to clinical disorders reported among Ashkenazi Jewish patients in the Israeli National Genetic Database (INGD) with variants included in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). METHODS We extracted data for mutations claimed to cause disorders reported among Ashkenazi Jews from the INGD and searched gnomAD for each of them. We compared the allele frequency of each variant in Ashkenazi Jews with that of other delineated populations. RESULTS Of the 58 INGD-reported mutations related to autosomal-dominant disorders, 19 were present in gnomAD (32.8%). Of the 309 mutations related to autosomal-recessive disorders, 240 (77.7%) were variants found in gnomAD. Of these variants, 202 (84.2%) were documented among one or more Ashkenazi individuals. At this point in the INGD, there are 168 Ashkenazi assumed founder mutations in 128 different genes corresponding to 111 autosomal-recessive disorders. CONCLUSION Integration of information on mutations among Ashkenazi Jews extracted from the INGD with their population frequency recorded in gnomAD is important for effective straightforward molecular diagnosis as well as for targeted carrier screening either for reproductive decision-making or for implementation of disease-modifying behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joël Zlotogora
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - George P Patrinos
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece.,Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vardiella Meiner
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Genetic portrait of Jewish populations based on three sets of X-chromosome markers: Indels, Alu insertions and STRs. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2017; 31:e5-e11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
35
|
Kang JTL, Goldberg A, Edge MD, Behar DM, Rosenberg NA. Consanguinity Rates Predict Long Runs of Homozygosity in Jewish Populations. Hum Hered 2017; 82:87-102. [PMID: 28910803 DOI: 10.1159/000478897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies have highlighted the potential of analyses of genomic sharing to produce insight into the demographic processes affecting human populations. We study runs of homozygosity (ROH) in 18 Jewish populations, examining these groups in relation to 123 non-Jewish populations sampled worldwide. METHODS By sorting ROH into 3 length classes (short, intermediate, and long), we evaluate the impact of demographic processes on genomic patterns in Jewish populations. RESULTS We find that the portion of the genome appearing in long ROH - the length class most directly related to recent consanguinity - closely accords with data gathered from interviews during the 1950s on frequencies of consanguineous unions in various Jewish groups. CONCLUSION The high correlation between 1950s consanguinity levels and coverage by long ROH explains differences across populations in ROH patterns. The dissection of ROH into length classes and the comparison to consanguinity data assist in understanding a number of additional phenomena, including similarities of Jewish populations to Middle Eastern, European, and Central and South Asian non-Jewish populations in short ROH patterns, relative lengths of identity-by-descent tracts in different Jewish groups, and the "population isolate" status of the Ashkenazi Jews.
Collapse
|
36
|
Sarfaty M, Lankry E, Moore A, Kurman N, Purim O, Kundel Y, Ben-Aharon I, Perl G, Ulitsky O, Gordon N, Sulkes A, Menasherov N, Kashtan H, Brenner B. Esophageal Cancer in Israel has Unique Clinico-Pathological Features: A Retrospective Study. J Cancer 2017; 8:2417-2423. [PMID: 28900478 PMCID: PMC5595070 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Data regarding esophageal cancer (EC) in Israel are limited. The aim of this study was hence to characterize this entity in the Israeli population and to compare it to the literature. Patients/Methods: This is a retrospective study of all consecutive EC patients treated at our institution between 1997-2013. Data were retrieved from patients' medical files. Results: Two hundred patients were included. The median age at diagnosis was 70.5 years; 63.5% were males; 63% were Ashkenazi Jews, 29% were Sephardic Jews, and 0.5% were Arabs. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was predominant: 52% versus 45.5% with adenocarcinoma (ADC). SCC was common even in the distal esophagus (45%). The overall 5-year survival rate was 25.5%. A temporal trend (2006-2013 vs 1997-2005) shows a decline in the proportion of SCC (47% vs 63%, p=0.061) and a rise in ADC (50% vs 33%, p=0.041), with a parallel decrease in patients' age (median: 68.5 vs 73 years, p=0.014). In the later period, patients received more treatment for localized and metastatic disease, with a trend for improved median survival (20.1 vs 14.9 months, p=0.658). Ashkenazi Jews were diagnosed at an older age than Sephardic Jews (median: 73 vs. 65 years, p=0.001), had a higher rate of family history of GI cancer (34% vs. 17%, p=0.026) and a higher rate of cardiovascular co-morbidity (41% vs. 24%, p=0.041). Conclusion: EC in Israel represents an intermediate entity between the Western and the endemic subtypes, showing some unique features. These included delayed reversal of the SCC/ADC ratio, commonness of SCC in the distal esophagus, prevalence of other malignancies and predominance of Ashkenazi ethnicity. The reason for these findings is unclear and its further evaluation is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Sarfaty
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Esty Lankry
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Assaf Moore
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Noga Kurman
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Ofer Purim
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yulia Kundel
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Irit Ben-Aharon
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gali Perl
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Olga Ulitsky
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Noa Gordon
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Aaron Sulkes
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nikolai Menasherov
- Department of Surgery A, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hanoch Kashtan
- Department of Surgery B, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Baruch Brenner
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shen QK, Sulaiman X, Yao YG, Peng MS, Zhang YP. Was ADH1B under Selection in European Populations? Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:1217-1219. [PMID: 27814524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Kuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | | | - Yong-Gang Yao
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Min-Sheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China.
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chuang LS, Villaverde N, Hui KY, Mortha A, Rahman A, Levine AP, Haritunians T, Evelyn Ng SM, Zhang W, Hsu NY, Facey JA, Luong T, Fernandez-Hernandez H, Li D, Rivas M, Schiff ER, Gusev A, Schumm LP, Bowen BM, Sharma Y, Ning K, Remark R, Gnjatic S, Legnani P, George J, Sands BE, Stempak JM, Datta LW, Lipka S, Katz S, Cheifetz AS, Barzilai N, Pontikos N, Abraham C, Dubinsky MJ, Targan S, Taylor K, Rotter JI, Scherl EJ, Desnick RJ, Abreu MT, Zhao H, Atzmon G, Pe’er I, Kugathasan S, Hakonarson H, McCauley JL, Lencz T, Darvasi A, Plagnol V, Silverberg MS, Muise AM, Brant SR, Daly MJ, Segal AW, Duerr RH, Merad M, McGovern DP, Peter I, Cho JH. A Frameshift in CSF2RB Predominant Among Ashkenazi Jews Increases Risk for Crohn's Disease and Reduces Monocyte Signaling via GM-CSF. Gastroenterology 2016; 151:710-723.e2. [PMID: 27377463 PMCID: PMC5037012 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Crohn's disease (CD) has the highest prevalence in Ashkenazi Jewish populations. We sought to identify rare, CD-associated frameshift variants of high functional and statistical effects. METHODS We performed exome sequencing and array-based genotype analyses of 1477 Ashkenazi Jewish individuals with CD and 2614 Ashkenazi Jewish individuals without CD (controls). To validate our findings, we performed genotype analyses of an additional 1515 CD cases and 7052 controls for frameshift mutations in the colony-stimulating factor 2-receptor β common subunit gene (CSF2RB). Intestinal tissues and blood samples were collected from patients with CD; lamina propria leukocytes were isolated and expression of CSF2RB and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-responsive cells were defined by adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) time-of-flight mass cytometry (CyTOF analysis). Variants of CSF2RB were transfected into HEK293 cells and the expression and functions of gene products were compared. RESULTS In the discovery cohort, we associated CD with a frameshift mutation in CSF2RB (P = 8.52 × 10(-4)); the finding was validated in the replication cohort (combined P = 3.42 × 10(-6)). Incubation of intestinal lamina propria leukocytes with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor resulted in high levels of phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT5) and lesser increases in phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and AK straining transforming (AKT). Cells co-transfected with full-length and mutant forms of CSF2RB had reduced pSTAT5 after stimulation with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, compared with cells transfected with control CSF2RB, indicating a dominant-negative effect of the mutant gene. Monocytes from patients with CD who were heterozygous for the frameshift mutation (6% of CD cases analyzed) had reduced responses to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and markedly decreased activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase; activity of this enzyme has been associated with immune tolerance. CONCLUSIONS In a genetic analysis of Ashkenazi Jewish individuals, we associated CD with a frameshift mutation in CSF2RB. Intestinal monocytes from carriers of this mutation had reduced responses to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, providing an additional mechanism for alterations to the innate immune response in individuals with CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Shiang Chuang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 10029
| | - Nicole Villaverde
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 10029
| | - Ken Y. Hui
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA 06520,Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA 06520
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 10029
| | - Adeeb Rahman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 10029
| | - Adam P. Levine
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College, London, UK WC1E 6JF
| | - Talin Haritunians
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90048
| | - Sok Meng Evelyn Ng
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA 06520
| | - Wei Zhang
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA 06520
| | - Nai-Yun Hsu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 10029
| | - Jody-Ann Facey
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 10029
| | - Tramy Luong
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 10029
| | | | - Dalin Li
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90048
| | - Manuel Rivas
- Department of Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142,Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02114,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK OX3 UBN
| | - Elena R. Schiff
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College, London, UK WC1E 6JF
| | - Alexander Gusev
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - L. Phillip Schumm
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA 60637
| | - Beatrice M. Bowen
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA 06520,Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA 06520
| | - Yashoda Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 10029,Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA 06520
| | - Kaida Ning
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA 06520,Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90033
| | - Romain Remark
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 10029
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 10029
| | - Peter Legnani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 10029
| | - James George
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 10029
| | - Bruce E. Sands
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 10029
| | - Joanne M. Stempak
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T3L9,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G1X5
| | - Lisa W. Datta
- Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 21231,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA 21231
| | - Seth Lipka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA 33606
| | - Seymour Katz
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA10016
| | - Adam S. Cheifetz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02215
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA 10461
| | - Nikolas Pontikos
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College, London, UK WC1E 6JF
| | - Clara Abraham
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA 06520
| | - Marla J. Dubinsky
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 10029,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 10029
| | - Stephan Targan
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90048
| | - Kent Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Division of Genomic Outcomes, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA 90502
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Division of Genomic Outcomes, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA 90502
| | - Ellen J. Scherl
- The Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Sanford I. Weill College of Cornell University—New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA 10021
| | - Robert J. Desnick
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 10029
| | - Maria T. Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA 33136
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA 06520
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA 10461
| | - Itsik Pe’er
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA 10027
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA 30322
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Centre for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA 19104,Division of Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA 19014
| | - Jacob L. McCauley
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA 33136,Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA 33136
| | - Todd Lencz
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA 11030
| | - Ariel Darvasi
- Department of Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 91904
| | - Vincent Plagnol
- Genetics Institute, Division of Biosciences, University College, London, UK WC1E 6BT
| | - Mark S. Silverberg
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T3L9,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G1X5
| | - Aleixo M. Muise
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre and Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G1X8,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G1X8
| | - Steven R. Brant
- Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 21231,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA 21231
| | - Mark J. Daly
- Department of Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142,Center for Human Genetic Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA 02114,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Anthony W. Segal
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College, London, UK WC1E 6JF
| | - Richard H. Duerr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 15261
| | - Miriam Merad
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 10029
| | - Dermot P.B. McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90048
| | - Inga Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 10029
| | - Judy H. Cho
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 10029,Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 10029,The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 10029,To whom correspondence should be addressed. The corresponding author’s contact information: Judy Cho, Hess CSM Building Floor 8th Room 118, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, TEL. (212) 824-8940, FAX. (646) 537-9452,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Levine H, Leiba M, Bar Zeev Y, Keinan-Boker L, Derazne E, Leiba A, Kark JD. Risk of Hodgkin lymphoma according to immigration status and origin: a migrant cohort study of 2.3 million Jewish Israelis. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:959-968. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1220552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
40
|
Keshet-Sitton A, Or-Chen K, Yitzhak S, Tzabary I, Haim A. Light and the City: Breast Cancer Risk Factors Differ Between Urban and Rural Women in Israel. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 16:176-187. [PMID: 27440788 PMCID: PMC5739126 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416660194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Women are exposed to indoor and outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN) in urban and rural environments. Excessive exposure to hazardous ALAN containing short wavelength light may suppress pineal melatonin production and lead to an increased breast cancer (BC) risk. Our objective was to address the differences in BC risks related to light exposure in urban and rural communities. We examined indoor and outdoor light habits of BC patients and controls that had lived in urban and rural areas in a 5-year period, 10 to 15 years before the time of the study. Individual data, night time sleeping habits and individual exposure to ALAN habits were collected using a questionnaire. A total of 252 women (110 BC patients and 142 controls) participated in this study. The sample was divided to subgroups according to dwelling area and disease status. Age matching was completed between all subgroups. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for urban and rural women separately, using binary logistic regression. OR results of urban population (92 BC patients and 72 control) revealed that BC risk increases with daily use of cellphone (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.01-4.49, P < .05) and residence near strong ALAN sources (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 0.99-2.30, P < .06). Nevertheless, BC risk decreases if a woman was born in Israel (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.21-0.93, P < .03), longer sleep duration (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.53-1.05, P < .1), and reading with bed light illumination before retiring to sleep (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.61-0.96, P < .02). Furthermore, in the rural population (18 BC patients and 66 control) BC risk increases with the number of years past since the last menstruation (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.03-1.22, P < .01). However, BC risk decreases with longer sleep duration (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.24-1.14, P < .1), reading with room light illumination before retiring to sleep (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.29-1.06, P < .07), and sleeping with closed shutters during the night (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.41-1.04, P < .08). These data support the idea that indoor and outdoor nighttime light exposures differ between urban and rural women. Therefore, we suggest that women can influence BC risk and incidence by applying protective personal lighting habits. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to strengthen the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ilana Tzabary
- 3 Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Abraham Haim
- 1 University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Waldman YY, Biddanda A, Dubrovsky M, Campbell CL, Oddoux C, Friedman E, Atzmon G, Halperin E, Ostrer H, Keinan A. The genetic history of Cochin Jews from India. Hum Genet 2016; 135:1127-43. [PMID: 27377974 PMCID: PMC5020127 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1698-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cochin Jews form a small and unique community on the Malabar coast in southwest India. While the arrival time of any putative Jewish ancestors of the community has been speculated to have taken place as far back as biblical times (King Solomon’s era), a Jewish community in the Malabar coast has been documented only since the 9th century CE. Here, we explore the genetic history of Cochin Jews by collecting and genotyping 21 community members and combining the data with that of 707 individuals from 72 other Indian, Jewish, and Pakistani populations, together with additional individuals from worldwide populations. We applied comprehensive genome-wide analyses based on principal component analysis, FST, ADMIXTURE, identity-by-descent sharing, admixture linkage disequilibrium decay, haplotype sharing, allele sharing autocorrelation decay and contrasting the X chromosome with the autosomes. We find that, as reported by several previous studies, the genetics of Cochin Jews resembles that of local Indian populations. However, we also identify considerable Jewish genetic ancestry that is not present in any other Indian or Pakistani populations (with the exception of the Jewish Bene Israel, which we characterized previously). Combined, Cochin Jews have both Jewish and Indian ancestry. Specifically, we detect a significant recent Jewish gene flow into this community 13–22 generations (~470–730 years) ago, with contributions from Yemenite, Sephardi, and Middle-Eastern Jews, in accordance with historical records. Genetic analyses also point to high endogamy and a recent population bottleneck in this population, which might explain the increased prevalence of some recessive diseases in Cochin Jews.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yedael Y Waldman
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arjun Biddanda
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Maya Dubrovsky
- Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Carole Oddoux
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Eitan Friedman
- Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eran Halperin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Harry Ostrer
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Alon Keinan
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Baskovich B, Hiraki S, Upadhyay K, Meyer P, Carmi S, Barzilai N, Darvasi A, Ozelius L, Peter I, Cho JH, Atzmon G, Clark L, Lencz T, Pe’er I, Ostrer H, Oddoux C. Expanded genetic screening panel for the Ashkenazi Jewish population. Genet Med 2016; 18:522-8. [PMID: 26334176 PMCID: PMC4814352 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2015.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Carrier screening programs that identify the presence of known mutations have been effective for reducing the incidence of autosomal recessive conditions in the Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) population and other populations. Yet, these programs have not realized their full potential. Furthermore, many known autosomal recessive and dominant conditions are not screened for and the molecular basis of other conditions for which screening might be offered is unknown. METHODS Through literature review and annotation of full sequenced genomes from healthy individuals, we expanded the list of mutations. Mutations were identified in a sample of 128 fully sequenced AJ genomes that were filtered through clinical databases and curated manually for clinical validity and utility using the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics scoring (ACMG) system. Other known mutations were identified through literature review. RESULTS A panel of 163 mutations was identified for 76 autosomal recessive, 24 autosomal dominant, and 3 X-linked disorders. CONCLUSION Screening for a broader range of disorders not only could further reduce the incidence of autosomal recessive disorders but also could offer the benefits of early or presymptomatic diagnosis.Genet Med 18 5, 522-528.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett Baskovich
- Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Pathology, New York, NY
| | - Susan Hiraki
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, New York, NY
| | - Kinnari Upadhyay
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, New York, NY
| | - Philip Meyer
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, New York, NY
| | - Shai Carmi
- Columbia University, Department of Computer Science, New York, NY
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, New York, NY
| | - Ariel Darvasi
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Genetics, Givat Ram, Jerusalem
| | - Laurie Ozelius
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, New York, NY
| | - Inga Peter
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, New York, NY
| | - Judy H. Cho
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, New York, NY
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, New York, NY
- University of Haifa, Faculty of Natural Science, Israel
| | - Lorraine Clark
- Columbia University, Department of Pathology, New York, NY
| | - Todd Lencz
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, New York, NY
| | - Itsik Pe’er
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Harry Ostrer
- Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Pathology, New York, NY
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, New York, NY
| | - Carole Oddoux
- Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Pathology, New York, NY
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Das R, Wexler P, Pirooznia M, Elhaik E. Localizing Ashkenazic Jews to Primeval Villages in the Ancient Iranian Lands of Ashkenaz. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:1132-49. [PMID: 26941229 PMCID: PMC4860683 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Yiddish language is over 1,000 years old and incorporates German, Slavic, and Hebrew elements. The prevalent view claims Yiddish has a German origin, whereas the opposing view posits a Slavic origin with strong Iranian and weak Turkic substrata. One of the major difficulties in deciding between these hypotheses is the unknown geographical origin of Yiddish speaking Ashkenazic Jews (AJs). An analysis of 393 Ashkenazic, Iranian, and mountain Jews and over 600 non-Jewish genomes demonstrated that Greeks, Romans, Iranians, and Turks exhibit the highest genetic similarity with AJs. The Geographic Population Structure analysis localized most AJs along major primeval trade routes in northeastern Turkey adjacent to primeval villages with names that may be derived from "Ashkenaz." Iranian and mountain Jews were localized along trade routes on the Turkey's eastern border. Loss of maternal haplogroups was evident in non-Yiddish speaking AJs. Our results suggest that AJs originated from a Slavo-Iranian confederation, which the Jews call "Ashkenazic" (i.e., "Scythian"), though these Jews probably spoke Persian and/or Ossete. This is compatible with linguistic evidence suggesting that Yiddish is a Slavic language created by Irano-Turko-Slavic Jewish merchants along the Silk Roads as a cryptic trade language, spoken only by its originators to gain an advantage in trade. Later, in the 9th century, Yiddish underwent relexification by adopting a new vocabulary that consists of a minority of German and Hebrew and a majority of newly coined Germanoid and Hebroid elements that replaced most of the original Eastern Slavic and Sorbian vocabularies, while keeping the original grammars intact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranajit Das
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK Manipal Centre for Natural Sciences (MCNS), Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Paul Wexler
- Department of Linguistics, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Eran Elhaik
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Moya G, Dorado P, Ferreiro V, Naranjo MEG, Peñas-Lledó EM, LLerena A. High frequency of CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer genotypes in an Ashkenazi Jewish population from Argentina. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2016; 17:378-381. [PMID: 27068265 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A twofold higher frequency of CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers (estimated from genotype: gUMs) was reported among Ashkenazi Jews (AJ) living in New York (USA) than in other North American Caucasians, which might be important to guide the prescription for CYP2D6 substrates in AJ communities around the world. This study was aimed to determine whether the high frequency of CYP2D6 gUMs described in AJ from USA was replicated in AJ from Argentina when compared with other multiethnic admixture Argentines (GA). The frequency of the most common allelic variants and of CYP2D6 gUMs (>2 active genes) and poor metabolizers (0 active genes, gPMs) was also compared among the studied Argentine populations. CYP2D6 genotyping was performed in 173 AJ and 246 GA DNA samples of unrelated donors from the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires. CYP2D6 alleles (*2, *3, *4, *5, *6, *10, *17, *35, *41 and multiple copies), genotypes and functional phenotype frequencies were determined. The frequencies of gUMs and gPMs in AJ from Argentina were 11.5% and 5.2%, respectively, whereas in GA, the frequencies of gUM and gPMs were 6.5% and 4.9%, respectively. Comparisons between AJ and GA showed that gUMs frequencies were twofold higher (P<0.05) in AJ than GA. CYP2D6*35 allele was more frequent in GA than AJ, whereas CYP2D6*41 and *1xN were more frequent in AJ than in GA (P<0.05). This study supports the previously reported high frequency of gUMs on another Ashkenazi population in New York. The present findings also support the interethnic variability of CYP2D6 genetic polymorphism in the overall Argentine population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Moya
- CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain.,Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Beunos Aires, Argentina.,Genos Laboratory, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Dorado
- CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
| | - V Ferreiro
- Genos Laboratory, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M E G Naranjo
- CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
| | - E M Peñas-Lledó
- CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
| | - A LLerena
- CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain.,CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Waldman YY, Biddanda A, Davidson NR, Billing-Ross P, Dubrovsky M, Campbell CL, Oddoux C, Friedman E, Atzmon G, Halperin E, Ostrer H, Keinan A. The Genetics of Bene Israel from India Reveals Both Substantial Jewish and Indian Ancestry. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152056. [PMID: 27010569 PMCID: PMC4806850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bene Israel Jewish community from West India is a unique population whose history before the 18th century remains largely unknown. Bene Israel members consider themselves as descendants of Jews, yet the identity of Jewish ancestors and their arrival time to India are unknown, with speculations on arrival time varying between the 8th century BCE and the 6th century CE. Here, we characterize the genetic history of Bene Israel by collecting and genotyping 18 Bene Israel individuals. Combining with 486 individuals from 41 other Jewish, Indian and Pakistani populations, and additional individuals from worldwide populations, we conducted comprehensive genome-wide analyses based on FST, principal component analysis, ADMIXTURE, identity-by-descent sharing, admixture linkage disequilibrium decay, haplotype sharing and allele sharing autocorrelation decay, as well as contrasted patterns between the X chromosome and the autosomes. The genetics of Bene Israel individuals resemble local Indian populations, while at the same time constituting a clearly separated and unique population in India. They are unique among Indian and Pakistani populations we analyzed in sharing considerable genetic ancestry with other Jewish populations. Putting together the results from all analyses point to Bene Israel being an admixed population with both Jewish and Indian ancestry, with the genetic contribution of each of these ancestral populations being substantial. The admixture took place in the last millennium, about 19–33 generations ago. It involved Middle-Eastern Jews and was sex-biased, with more male Jewish and local female contribution. It was followed by a population bottleneck and high endogamy, which can lead to increased prevalence of recessive diseases in this population. This study provides an example of how genetic analysis advances our knowledge of human history in cases where other disciplines lack the relevant data to do so.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yedael Y. Waldman
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arjun Biddanda
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Natalie R. Davidson
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Paul Billing-Ross
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Maya Dubrovsky
- Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Christopher L. Campbell
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Carole Oddoux
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Eitan Friedman
- Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eran Halperin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
- International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Harry Ostrer
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Alon Keinan
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shmulewitz D, Meyers JL, Wall MM, Aharonovich E, Frisch A, Spivak B, Weizman A, Edenberg HJ, Gelernter J, Hasin DS. CHRNA5/A3/B4 Variant rs3743078 and Nicotine-Related Phenotypes: Indirect Effects Through Nicotine Craving. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2016; 77:227-37. [PMID: 26997181 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2016.77.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nicotine craving is considered an important element in the persistence of cigarette smoking, but little is known about the role of craving in the widely recognized association between variants mapped to the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRN) genes on chromosome 15 and nicotine phenotypes. METHOD The associations between CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 variants and cigarettes per day (CPD), the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and craving were analyzed in data from 662 lifetime smokers from an Israeli adult Jewish household sample. Indirect effects of genotype on nicotine phenotypes through craving were formally tested using regression and bootstrapping procedures. RESULTS At CHRNA3, allele G of rs3743078 was associated with increased craving, CPD, and FTND scores: Participants with one or two copies of the G allele had, on average, higher scores on the craving scale (p = .0025), more cigarettes smoked (p = .0057), and higher scores on the FTND (p =.0024). With craving in the model, variant rs3743078 showed a significant indirect effect through craving on CPD (p = .0026) and on FTND score (p = .0024). A sizeable proportion of the total rs3743078 effect on CPD (56.4%) and FTND (65.2%) was indirect through craving. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that nicotine craving may play a central role in nicotine use disorders and may have utility as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dvora Shmulewitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, NewYork, NewYork.,NewYork State Psychiatric Institute, NewYork, NewYork
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NewYork, NewYork
| | - Melanie M Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, NewYork, NewYork.,NewYork State Psychiatric Institute, NewYork, NewYork.,Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NewYork, NewYork
| | - Efrat Aharonovich
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, NewYork, NewYork.,NewYork State Psychiatric Institute, NewYork, NewYork
| | - Amos Frisch
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Baruch Spivak
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Research Unit, Geha Mental Health Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Deborah S Hasin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, NewYork, NewYork.,NewYork State Psychiatric Institute, NewYork, NewYork.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NewYork, NewYork
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kong H, Liu Y, Luo S, Li Q, Wang Q. Frequency of Calreticulin (CALR) Mutation and Its Clinical Prognostic Significance in Essential Thrombocythemia and Primary Myelofibrosis: A Meta-analysis. Intern Med 2016; 55:1977-84. [PMID: 27477402 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.6214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective As the calreticulin (CALR) mutation frequency is significantly associated with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), this mutation may be an important biomarker in patients with ET and PMF. Methods We performed a literature search until April 2015 and obtained 21 relevant studies. The outcome was pooled as the effect size by using the Stata software program. Results The CALR mutation frequencies in patients with ET and PMF were 19% and 22%, respectively. The CALR mutation ratio in Asian patients with ET was 23% and higher than that in European-American patients (16%). Moreover, the mutation ratio in Asian patients with PMF was lower (21%) than that in European-American patients (23%). A slight trend toward fibrotic transformation was found in ET with CALR mutations, whereas leukemic transformation was not significant in patients with ET or PMF with CALR mutations. Conclusion CALR mutations significantly influence the incident of ET as demonstrated by the meta-analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Kong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering & Technology of Shandong High School, Qilu Medical University, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Goes FS, McGrath J, Avramopoulos D, Wolyniec P, Pirooznia M, Ruczinski I, Nestadt G, Kenny EE, Vacic V, Peters I, Lencz T, Darvasi A, Mulle JG, Warren ST, Pulver AE. Genome-wide association study of schizophrenia in Ashkenazi Jews. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015. [PMID: 26198764 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a common, clinically heterogeneous disorder associated with lifelong morbidity and early mortality. Several genetic variants associated with schizophrenia have been identified, but the majority of the heritability remains unknown. In this study, we report on a case-control sample of Ashkenazi Jews (AJ), a founder population that may provide additional insights into genetic etiology of schizophrenia. We performed a genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) of 592 cases and 505 controls of AJ ancestry ascertained in the US. Subsequently, we performed a meta-analysis with an Israeli AJ sample of 913 cases and 1640 controls, followed by a meta-analysis and polygenic risk scoring using summary results from Psychiatric GWAS Consortium 2 schizophrenia study. The U.S. AJ sample showed strong evidence of polygenic inheritance (pseudo-R(2) ∼9.7%) and a SNP-heritability estimate of 0.39 (P = 0.00046). We found no genome-wide significant associations in the U.S. sample or in the combined US/Israeli AJ meta-analysis of 1505 cases and 2145 controls. The strongest AJ specific associations (P-values in 10(-6) -10(-7) range) were in the 22q 11.2 deletion region and included the genes TBX1, GLN1, and COMT. Supportive evidence (meta P < 1 × 10(-4) ) was also found for several previously identified genome-wide significant findings, including the HLA region, CNTN4, IMMP2L, and GRIN2A. The meta-analysis of the U.S. sample with the PGC2 results provided initial genome-wide significant evidence for six new loci. Among the novel potential susceptibility genes is PEPD, a gene involved in proline metabolism, which is associated with a Mendelian disorder characterized by developmental delay and cognitive deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando S Goes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Paula Wolyniec
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eimear E Kenny
- The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Center of Statistical Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | | | - Inga Peters
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Todd Lencz
- Division of Research, Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of the North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, New York.,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra University School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra University School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York
| | - Ariel Darvasi
- Department of Genetics, The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jennifer G Mulle
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stephen T Warren
- Departments of Human Genetics, Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ann E Pulver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ferragut JF, Pereira R, Castro JA, Ramon C, Nogueiro I, Amorim A, Picornell A. Genetic diversity of 38 insertion-deletion polymorphisms in Jewish populations. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2015; 21:1-4. [PMID: 26610303 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Population genetic data of 38 non-coding biallelic autosomal indels are reported for 466 individuals, representing six populations with Jewish ancestry (Ashkenazim, Mizrahim, Sephardim, North African, Chuetas and Bragança crypto-Jews). Intra-population diversity and forensic parameters values showed that this set of indels was highly informative for forensic applications in the Jewish populations studied. Genetic distance analysis demonstrated that this set of markers efficiently separates populations from different continents, but does not seem effective for molecular anthropology studies in Mediterranean region. Finally, it is important to highlight that although the genetic distances between Jewish populations were small, significant differences were observed for Chuetas and Bragança Jews, and therefore, specific databases must be used for these populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J F Ferragut
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS) i Laboratori de Genètica, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - R Pereira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP-Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J A Castro
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS) i Laboratori de Genètica, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - C Ramon
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS) i Laboratori de Genètica, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - I Nogueiro
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP-Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Amorim
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP-Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Picornell
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS) i Laboratori de Genètica, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yang Y, Peter I, Scott SA. Pharmacogenetics in Jewish populations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 29:221-33. [PMID: 24867283 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2013-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spanning over 2000 years, the Jewish population has a long history of migration, population bottlenecks, expansions, and geographical isolation, which has resulted in a unique genetic architecture among the Jewish people. As such, many Mendelian disease genes and founder mutations for autosomal recessive diseases have been discovered in several Jewish groups, which have prompted recent genomic studies in the Jewish population on common disease susceptibility and other complex traits. Although few studies on the genetic determinants of drug response variability have been reported in the Jewish population, a number of unique pharmacogenetic variants have been discovered that are more common in Jewish populations than in other major racial groups. Notable examples identified in the Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) population include the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) c.106G>T (p.D36Y) variant associated with high warfarin dosing requirements and the recently reported cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) allele, CYP2C19*4B, that harbors both loss-of-function [*4 (c.1A>G)] and increased-function [*17 (c.-806C>T)] variants on the same haplotype. These data are encouraging in that like other ethnicities and subpopulations, the Jewish population likely harbors numerous pharmacogenetic variants that are uncommon or absent in other larger racial groups and ethnicities. In addition to unique variants, common multi-ethnic variants in key drug metabolism genes (e.g., ABCB1, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, NAT2) have also been detected in the AJ and other Jewish groups. This review aims to summarize the currently available pharmacogenetics literature and discuss future directions for related research with this unique population.
Collapse
|